Mikrokosmographia a description of the body of man. Together vvith the controuersies thereto belonging. Collected and translated out of all the best authors of anatomy, especially out of Gasper Bauhinus and Andreas Laurentius. By Helkiah Crooke Doctor of Physicke, physitian to His Maiestie, and his Highnesse professor in anatomy and chyrurgerie. Published by the Kings Maiesties especiall direction and warrant according to the first integrity, as it was originally written by the author.

CHAP. XXII. Of the Muscles of the Necke.

THE Muscles which mooue the Necke primarily, and secundarily or by acci∣dent the Head, are on either side three, or foure if you adde the Scaleni, which we account rather among the muscles of the Chest: these are situa∣ted vnder the Muscles of the Head, some of them before at the sides of the necke, some of them behinde.

These motions of the Necke are to bend forward to extend backeward to incline to * 1.1 the sides and to turne round as it were: but there are more Muscles to draw it backward then forward, because the labour is greater by reason of the waight of the Necke and the Head.

The first paire are the two Long Muscles [ta: 13. ^{A B}] which are seated in the forepart of the Neck vnder the Gullet, wherefore they are also called the vnder Gallet-lurkers. These

[illustration]

Tab. 13. sheweth the cauities of the middle & the lower Bellies, all the Bowels being taken out where the Bones and Muscles do remaine, excepting the Breast bone.

[illustration]

TABVLA. XIII.

• A B, The first muscle bending the necke cal¦led Longus.
• C C, The second bender of the necke call•••• Scalenus.
• DDDD, the outward intercostall muscles.
• EEEE, The inner intercostall muscles,
• FFF, The second muscle of the chest called Serratus maior.
• G, the first muscle of the shoulder-blade cal∣led Serratus minor separated from his ori∣ginall.
• H, the first muscle of the arme called Pectora∣les separated from his originall.
• I, The 2. muscle of the arme called Deltoides.
• K, the bone of the arme without flesh.
• L, the first muscle of the cubite called Biceps.
• M, the 2. muscle of the cubit called Brachiaeus
• N, the clauicle or coller-bone bent backward
• O, the first muscle of the chest cald Subclanius
• P, the vpper processe of the shoulder-blade.
• Q the first muscle of the head called obliquus inferior.
• R, the 2. muscle of the head called Complexus.
• S, the fourth muscle of the shoulder blade cal¦lled 〈…〉〈…〉.
• T V, The two bellies of the fourth muscle of the bone Hyois.
• X X aa. The fift muscle of the back whose o∣riginall is at aa.
• Y Y bb cc, The sixt muscle of the thigh called Pfoae, whose original is at cc & tendon at bb.
• Z Z, the seauenth muscle of the thigh.
• d, The holy bone. ooo, The holes of the ho∣ly bone out of which the nerues do yssue.
• e, A portion of the fift muscle of the thigh a∣rising from the share-bone.
• f, The sharebone bared.
• k, The ninth muscle of the thigh or the first circumacter.

arise with a fleshy thin and sharpe beginning from the body of the fifth racke bone of the chest where the rib is articulated to it, and ascending broader doe grow to the fiue vpper vertebra of the chest and all of the necke. They also as they ascend by degrees do approch or incline one to the other, yet so as they leaue the middle part where the gullet descen∣deth vncouered, but at their determination they ioyne in a neruous and sharpe Tendon, and are implanted into the bunching processe of the first racke bone: sometimes but rare∣ly they are implanted & that obscurely into the nowle, euen at the great perforation ther∣of; so that it may seeme the nowle is turned by them. Their vse is by their propper mo∣tion when they work together to bend the necke directly foreward and withall to incline the head, but if one of them moue alone, then is the necke inclined forward into that side which is contracted, or on which the muscle moueth.

The second paire make those which are called Scaleni and are accounted as the 8. * 1.2 muscle of the Chest. [tab. 13. ^cc. tab. 12. λ.] Their situation is on the sides of the necke rather before then behinde. They are esteemed to arise fleshy and large from the first rib, and to be inserted into all the transuerse processes of the racke-bones of the necke, excepting sometimes the first and the second; from which we thinke with Falopius they haue their originall. Their vse is also thought to be, to bend the necke foreward as doth the first paire: this one thing is peculier to them saith Vesalius, and Platerus consenteth, that they haue a through-passage by which the veines and arteries do run into the arme. * 1.3

The third paire (which Vesalius maketh the third paire of the back, but Platerus the third paire of the necke) are called Transuersales, or the two ouerthwart muscles. [Tab. 11. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.] Their seate is in the backe, and they arise from the rootes of the transuerse processes of the sixe vppermost rackebones of the Chest, from whence by degrees they become stronger and thicker, and are inserted into the outside of the transuerse processes of all the bones of the necke, but more rarely into the first. Sometimes they haue two other ori∣ginals, one from the second paire of muscles of the backe, the other from the fift paire of the chest, which together make vp these muscles. Their vse is, if they worke together to ex∣tend directly backeward, if one of them alone the motion is not direct but oblique. Also betweene these do passe those nerues of the marrow of the backe which come out of the rackebones of the necke.

The fourth paire called Spinati because they are seated among the spines of the ver∣tebra * 1.4 [tab. 12. π.] do occupy or take vp the whole necke. They arise from the rootes of the spines of the seuen vppermost bones of the chest; and after they haue attained the lower∣most vertebra of the necke, they gather a broader originall therefrom, and yet with the fi∣bres which they receiued frō the vertebra of the chest they indeuour an obscure insertiō in * 1.5 to the spine of the lowermost vertebra: but they grow more strongly to the rest of the spines of the necke bones, and draw new beginnings from the rootes of their tranuerse processes euen to the second vertebra, and insert the fibres they receiue from them into the spine of the racke bone next aboue, till they haue implanted themselues ouer all the spine of that second racke bone of the necke, where the right is ioyned with the left: and indeede they ioyne all along their progresse vp the necke sauing where the spines of the bones peepe vp betweene them and seuer them a little asunder. Their fibres at their originall are outward, but as they ascend they incline inward.

Their vse is if they worke together, to extend the necke, drawing it directly backward, but if one of them moue alone then is their motion not direct but oblique to the side con∣tracted, or on which the muscle moueth. And so much of the muscles of the necke.

Notes

• * 1.1

  The motions of the necke.
• * 1.2

  The 2. paire
• * 1.3

  The 3. paire.
• * 1.4

  The 4. paire.
• * 1.5

  Their quaint passages.