Mikrokosmographia a description of the body of man. Together vvith the controuersies thereto belonging. Collected and translated out of all the best authors of anatomy, especially out of Gasper Bauhinus and Andreas Laurentius. By Helkiah Crooke Doctor of Physicke, physitian to His Maiestie, and his Highnesse professor in anatomy and chyrurgerie. Published by the Kings Maiesties especiall direction and warrant according to the first integrity, as it was originally written by the author.

CHAP. X. Of the Muscles of the outward Eare.

ALthough most commonly mens Eares are immouable, and few there bee who haue any sensible motion of them; yet that the moouing faculty may flow into them is manifest as well by their muscles whose action is motion, as also by the nerues which thereabouts are commonly seene. Now the reason why this motion is so rare and so hardly perceiued is three-fould.

• A 1, 2, The muscle of the forehead and the right fibres thereof.
• B 1, 2. The temporall muscle. αβγ 2, His semicircular originall,
• CE 1, the first muscle of the eye-lidde compassing the whole lid.
• FD 1, the third muscle of the wing of the nose which endeth into the vpper lip.
• GH 1, the muscle of the vpper lip.
• ••1, the broad Mouse-muscle stretched ouer the cheeks and all the lower parts.
• 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 the circumscription or circumference of this mus∣cle.
• I 2. The grinding muscle or the second muscle of the Iaw.
• M 2, a muscle forming the cheekes.
• N 2, the muscle of the lower lip,
• O 2, a part of the fift muscle of the lower iawe called Digastricus, that is, double bellied.
• QR 2, The first muscle of the bone hyois growing to the Rough artery.
• S 2, the second muscle of the bone hyois vnder the chin
• The lower T in the second figure sheweth the third muscle of the bone hyois streatched to the iaw, The vpper T in the second figure sheweth the insertion of the seauenth muscle of the head.
• VV 2, two veniers of the fourth muscle of the bone Hyois.
• The backeward K (put instead of X) sheweth the sea∣uenth muscle of the head and his insertion at the vp¦per T.
• •• Λ 2, The originall of the grinding muscle from the yoke-bone.
• μ 2, the insertion of this muscle into the lower iaw,
• ρ σ 2, two beginnings of the seauenth muscle of the head.
• •• 2, his insertion into the Mammillary processe.

[illustration]

Table 3. Fig. 1. Sheweth the muscles of the Fore-head, the Eye-lids and the Cheekes.

[illustration]

Figure 2. sheweth the Muscles of the Nose, Lips, the lower Iaw and of the bone Hyois.

[illustration]

TABVLA. III.

[illustration]

FIG. I.

[illustration]

FIG. II.

The first, because the muscles of the Eares are so small (Galen in the 6. Chapter of his * 1.1 16. Book de vsu partium, calleth them but delinations of muscles) and the nerues so thredy that a sufficient quantity of mouing spirits cannot be conuayed through them.

The second, because if they should be moued, the hearing would be depraued or vi∣tiated, especially mens eares being smal, and therefore Nature hath made recompence by * 1.2 the easie and speedy motions of the Head whereby we turne on euery side to receiue the soundes; whereas in foure-footed beastes their eares being greater and the motions of their heades not so nimble, they are alwaies moouable to receiue the sounds from euery side; with them also they driue away Flies which men can doe with their hands.

The third reason is because mens eares are short and gristly, so as the muscles and branches of the sinnewes cannot be dilated in them. But such as they are we owe the ho∣nour * 1.3 of their inuention to Fallopius. They are of two sortes, Common and proper, and conspicuous enough in those men whose eares we can perceiue to mooue.

The first is common to the eare and to both the lippes, and is a small portion of that Muscle which is accounted the first of them which mooue the Cheekes, and the skin of the face called Quadratus, [tab. 3. fig. 1, γ] or the square Muscle. This sometimes becom∣meth fleshy and ascending with his Fibres to the roote of the eare [tab. 3. fig. 1 ^o] is inser∣ted vnder the lap, and draweth it downward to this or that side. This Muscle is broade, thin and foure sided.

The second, which is a proper muscle [tab. 3. fig. 1. neere to ^B Tab. 4. fig. 1. ^••. fig. 2. ^•] is seated in the fore-part, and lyeth vpon the temporall muscle, arising from the vpper end * 1.4 and extremity of the muscle of the forehead, where it toucheth with the temporall: this descending towarde the eare becommeth narrower, and at his insertion into the vpper part of the eare very tendinous; it is thin being produced out of the fleshy Membrane, * 1.5 which is but sprinkled with fleshy fibres, as also are the other Muscles of the eares: it is much lesse then the temporall, and from roundnesse becommeth long. His vse is to

[illustration]

Table 4. Fig. 1. sheweth the skinne of the Head toge∣together with the Fat and the glandules vnder the eares, and the Muscles of the hinder part of the head and the Eares.

[illustration]

Figure 2. sheweth the Muscles of the eares, of the Eye∣browes, and a few of the iawes.

• BB. The Muscle of the eare springing from the pericrae∣nium or Scul-skin.
• C. The triangular muscle mouing the skin of the nowl of the head.

[illustration]

The second Figure.

• A. The semicircular Muscle of the eare, drawing the outward eare vpward, which was noted with B in the first figure.
• B, C, D, E, F, G. the Muscle as it were diuided into three parts, called Tripartitus.
• H, the hinder part of the outward eare into which the foresaid Muscle is fastned.
• NNN, the circumference of the temporall Muscle.
• O, the Muscle yet couered with the pericraenium.
• P, the Membran couering the said muscle drawn aside
• QQQ. The fleshy part of the temporall Muscle.
• V. The Muscle masseter or grinding Muscle, remooued here from the yoake-bone, whence it hath his ori∣ginall, that the implantation of the temporal mus∣cle into the processe of the iaw might appeare.
• X, the Muscles making the cheekes.
• Z, A Muscle of the lower lip.
• a a, the Muscle of the eyebrow.
• bb, the vpper eyelid hauing a Muscle with transuerse Fibres.
• c, the eyebrow hauing a circular Muscle, whereby the external parts of the eye are exceedinglie constrin∣ged, as Placentinus saith.

[illustration]

FIG. I.

[illustration]

FIG. II

draw the eare vpward and foreward.

The third [tab. 3. fig. 1 neere to O] ariseth from the nowle or Occipitium, and from the couerings of his Muscles aboue the Mammillary processe or teat-like extuberation, wher the Muscles that mooue the head and the shoulder-blade do end. In his beginning hee * 1.6 ariseth narrow but passing downeward ouerthwart becomes some-what broader, as if it were diuided into two or three fingers, and is so implanted on the backe side of the eare to draw it backward and something vpward.

The fourth proceeding from the same Teate-like extuberation or Mamillary pro∣cesse, vnder the Ligament of the gristle of the eare, is of a broad, fleshy and fibrous sub∣stance, * 1.7 but in his progresse becommeth narrower till it end in a Tendon, which tendon is fastned into the whole roote of the eares gristle [Table 4. fig. 2 H] one part of it aboue another part in the middest, and the third below. And hence it was that Placentinus a stu∣dious * 1.8 and painfull Anatomist, out of this masse maketh three [Tab. 4. fig. 2^{B C D E F G}] mus∣cles led hereunto by his insertion; all which notwithstanding he saith do arise confused∣ly out of one place.

Notes

• * 1.1

  The first rea∣son.
• * 1.2

  Second reason
• * 1.3

  Third reason
• * 1.4

  His originall
• * 1.5

  His insertion.
• * 1.6

  The thirde.
• * 1.7

  The fourth,
• * 1.8

  Placentinus his conceite.