Mikrokosmographia a description of the body of man. Together vvith the controuersies thereto belonging. Collected and translated out of all the best authors of anatomy, especially out of Gasper Bauhinus and Andreas Laurentius. By Helkiah Crooke Doctor of Physicke, physitian to His Maiestie, and his Highnesse professor in anatomy and chyrurgerie. Published by the Kings Maiesties especiall direction and warrant according to the first integrity, as it was originally written by the author.

CHAP. XVI. Of the Nerues of the Braine, and first of the Organs of smel∣ling, called Processus Mammillares.

THE Nature of the Braine, the After-braine & the Spinall Marrow being thus manifested, it remaineth that we should speake of the Nerues proceeding frō * 1.1 each of them; and first of the Nerues of the braine. Whereas therefore there are fiue outward senses, the Sight, the Smell, the Hearing, the Taste and the Touching, which from the braine it selfe or rather from the Marrowe thereof doe receiue by nerues as it were by Channels some of them the faculty of Sensati∣on * 1.2 alone, some of them of Sensation and motion together, which nerues are sayed thence to arise as from a principle of dispensation & radication, from whence they bring the Sen∣satiue and mouing faculties of the Soule to the instruments of the Sences: it is very fit that in this place we should deliuer their history. Wee will therefore begin with the Organs of smelling. Although the Nose be the way & path of smels, yet is not the instrument of smel∣ling,

neither yet his bindmost coate; but farther within the skull there are certaine proces∣ses or productions esteemed for the very organs of this sence, which the Anatomists loo∣king onely vpon their prominent part haue called Processus mammillares, and some the or∣gans of smelling. Vnder which Title Galen hath written of them at large. These are two some thing like nerues but scituated in the Basis of the braine; they are whiter, softer and broader then nerues are Notwithstanding like nerues they are round and slender. In men they are very small; in beastes as Oxen, Goates, Sheepe and Dogges they are much larger; * 1.3 whence it is that all these Creatures haue this sence of Smelling more exquisite then men.

These processes arising out of the marrowey substance of the braine in his Basis [tab, 17

[illustration]

Tab. 17. Fig. 1. Sheweth the Basis of the Braine and After-braine freed from their membrane that the originall of the Nerues of the brain might be better perceiued.

[illustration]

Fig. 2. Sheweth one side of the Braine the After-brain, the spinall marrow and the Nerues.

[illustration]

TABVLA. XVII.

[illustration]

FIG. I.

[illustration]

FIG. II.

• A A 1, 2. The braine.
• B B 1, 2, The After-braine.
• C C, 1, 2, the swellings of the braine which some call the mammillary processes.
• D, 1, the beginning of the spinal marow out of the Basis of the braine.
• E 1, 2, a part of the spinall marrowe when it is ready to yssue out of the skull.
• F F, 1, 2, the mammillary processes which serue for the sence of Smelling.
• G G 1, 2, the opticke nerues.
• H 1, the coition or vnion of the optick nerues.
• II 1, 2, the coate of the eye whereinto the optick nerue is extended.
• KK 1, 2, the second paire of sinewes ordained for the mo¦tion of the eyes.
• LL 1, 2, the third paire of sinewes, or according to most Anatomists the lesser roote of the third paire.
• MM 1, 2 the fourth paire of sinewes, or the greater root of the third paire.
• N 2, a braunch of the third coniugation deriued to the musculous skin of the forehead.
• O 2, a branch of the same to the vpper iaw.
• PP 2, another into the coate of the nosethrils.
• Q 2, another into the temporall muscle.
• R 2, a branch of the fourth coniugation crumpled like the tendrill of a vine.
• S 2, a branch of the same reaching vnto the vpper teeth and the gummes.
• T 2, another of the same to the lower iaw.
• V 2, a Surcle of the branch, T to the lower lip.
• XX 2, other surcles from the braunch T to the rootes of the lower Teeth.
• YY 2, the assumption of the nerue of the fourth coniu∣gation vnto the coat of the toung.
• Z 1, 2, the fourth paire vulgarly so called which are sp•••• into the coate of the pallat.
• a 1, 2, the fift paire of sinewes which belong to the hea∣ring.
• φ, the Auditory nerue spred abroade into the couity of the stony bone.
• * a hard part of the fift coniugation aboue the * which may accounted for a distinct nerue.
• b 1, 2, a small braunch deriued from this harder part of the fift payre.
• c 1, 2, a lower branch from the same originall.
• d 1, 2, this nerue is commonly ascribed to the fift payre, but indeede is a distinct coniugation which we will call the Eight, because wee would not interrupt the order of other mens accounts.
• e 1, 2; the sixt paire of sinewes. f 2, 2 branch from them deriued to the necke and the museles couched there upon, g 2, another branch to the muscles of the larynx or throttle. h 1, 2, the seauenth paire of sinewes i 1, the vnion of the seauenth paire with the sixt. l 2, a propagation of the seauenth paire to those muscles which arise from the appendix called Styloides. m 2, Surcles from the seauenth coniugation to the muscles of the toung, the bone Hyois and the Larynx. o p q 1, three holes; through the hole o the phlegme yssueth out of the third ventricle of the braine to the Tunnell, and at p q is the passage of the soporary arteries to the ventricles of the braine.

fig. 1. & 2. ^F tab. 14. fig. 19. ^DF], neare the optick nerues [tab. 17. fig, 1, 2. ^•] do passe betwixt the braine, (whereto they are tyed by the mediation of the pia mater) the wedge-bone and the bone of the forehead vnto the Sinus or cauity of the spongy bone; [tab 14. fig, 19. ^{H F}] which cauities are couered with the dura meninx diuersly perforated & are made to receiue these productions. To each of these processes saith Fa••lopius reacheth a manifest hole from the * 1.4 ventricle, from which hole the passage is open to the spongy bone. This passage in a man is very narrow, so that it cannot be discerned, but when the head is very greene or new. In Oxen it is very large. Through these passages & productions aire and vapors attracted or * 1.5 drawn in respiration through the nosthrils as it were by pipes and channels, are carried vn to the braine that it might iudge of odoriferous obiects. Varolius is of opinion that from these productions there is no free passage vnto the ventricles themselues; although Fallopi∣us was vtterly of another minde. They are like to nerues in their passage, colour and vse, * 1.6 and therfore do well deserue to be called the Nerues of smelling as Archangelus stileth them. But Vesalius counteth them to be the first paire or coniugation of the braine; yet because they neuer attaine through the thicke membrane and cauity of the skul, neither hane as o∣ther nerues any propagations deriued from them: therefore neither Herophilus nor Mari∣nus nor Galen himselfe, nor many amongst the Neotericks or new writers haue vouchsafed them the name of nerues; wee stand not vpon wordes and therefore passe from them vnto the nerues of the eies.

Notes

• * 1.1

  The 5. senses.
• * 1.2

  and their nerues.
• * 1.3

  Why be asts smell better then men. Their origi∣nall.
• * 1.4

  Fallopius.
• * 1.5

  Their vse.
• * 1.6

  How they may be called nerues.