The estate of the Church with the discourse of times, from the apostles vntill this present: also of the liues of all the emperours, popes of Rome, and Turkes: as also of the Kings of Fraunce, England, Scotland, Spaine, Portugall, Denmarke, &c. With all the memorable accidents of their times. Translated out of French into English by Simon Patrike, Gentleman.

The fruites of the warre of Ierusalem.

Foure orders came from Ierusalem. Naucler.

• * 1.11. The order of Chanons of the Sepulchre of the Lord, and they had double redde crosses.
• ...

• 2 The order of the knights of S. Ihon, otherwise called the knights of Rhodes, and they weare blacke apparell, with a white Crosse on their brests.
• 3 The order of Templers, which haue the white habit and the redde Crosse.
• 4 The order of Teutoniques or Almaignes, or otherwise the knights of the Virgin Mary, which had a white habit and a blacke Crosse.

The Pope Paschal sent to the Bishop of Palerme in Sicilie, the Archiepiscopall Pall, yet with a condition, that by oath he should binde himselfe to the Pope of Rome. The said Bishop humbly sent him word, that hee maruelled, and with him the Princes and Councellours of Sicilie, how the Pope demaun∣ded an oath of a Bishop: seeing Iesus Christ in S. Mathew, cha. 5. had forbidden to sweare: and that it was not found by any Councell that it was lawfull to exact such an oath. The Pope sharpely answered in these tearmes.* 1.2 Thinkest thou (saieth hee) that any Councell can prescribe a Lawe to the Ro∣mane Church? Knowest thou not that all Councels haue their perfection and vertue by the Romane Church? Martin Luther.

In this time liued Hiltpert or Hildebert, Bishop of Mons, a fauourer of Transubstantiation as well as Ancelme.

Matilde or Mehaut Countesse,* 1.3 of the age of 66. yeares died, and gaue her goods by Testament vnto the Romane Church. R. Barnes.

The Emperour Henry was defrauded by the said Testa∣ment, for he was cousin of the said Countesse: which after gaue occasion of great stirres and murthers. R. Barnes & Naucl.

Baudwin second King of Ierusalem, dyed: and Baudwin his Nephewe, surnamed Burgo, was created the third King of Ierusalem.

Gelasius Pope, 2. of that name,* 1.4 was a Monke of Mount∣cassin, Chauncellour of the Romane Church, named Iohn, [ 1118] borne at Gayotte a Citie of Campaigne in Italie. Soone after his election, he was apprehended by Cincius, a mightie man, & imprisoned: but incōtinently he was deliuered by the people.

The Emperour sent his Armie to Rome. Gelasius fearing his comming, fledde to Gayette. The Emperour created an other Pope a Spaniard, called Maurice, otherwise Burdin, Archbi∣shop of Bracare, which was called Gregorie the eight. This done the Emperour returned into Almaigne, and then beganne the eighteenth Schisme.* 1.5 Gelasius condemned the Emperour and the Antepope, and sent into Almaigne the Bishop Pre∣nestin, to publish the excommunication against the said Henry the fift. R. Barnes. Gelasius secretly came to Rome, but he was knowne of his enemies, and with much adoo escaping, went for refuge into Fraunce. Suppl. Chron. He ordeined a Councell at Rheimes, whither came bare-footed, Robert of Lorraine, founder of the order and place of Premonstre: and entreated of the Pope Gelasius, licence to preach the word of God, and also authoritie and confirmation of his order. Naucl. Chron. Sigeb.

This Pope had alreadie dedicated the great Church of Saint Laurence at Florence, and had there placed the Ashes of S. Iohn Baptists bones, newly brought from Mirrhe, confirming them, and approuing them for the true Ashes of S. Iohn. Supp. Chron.

This Pope Gelasius died of a pleurisie at Clugny, where hee was also buried, hauing ruled at Rome a yeare & sixe moneths.

* 1.6Calixt 2. of that name succeeded him, & was 5. yeares Pope: [ 1119] before called Guy, (or Guido) of Burgongne, after Fasc. temp. and the Sea of Histories: or brother, after Supp. Chron. He was Doc∣tor in the Ciuil Lawe, and in Theologie. Without contradiction he was chosen of the Cardinalls, and honourably receiued at Rome. When the Antepope Burdin heard those newes, he met him, thinking to haue hindered him: but he profited nothing, for he was in full battell ouercome with the French helpe. And being taken by the Pope Calixt, and by the Cardinal of S. Gri∣sogon, chiefe of his armie, he was set vpon a Camell, his face to∣wards the taile: and in such sort hee made him goe at his entrie, & then imprisoned him. Iohn le Maire. Fasc. temp. Eghardus saith that the said Antepope was powled & made a Monke: because whē he resided at Sutry, he was a partie of many robberies com∣mitted vpon such as went and came to Rome. Chron. Sigeb.

Calixtus made continue the Councell at Rheimes in Cham∣paigne, which Gelasius had commenced, wherein he excommu∣nicated the Emperor Henry the fift, as an enemy of the church.* 1.7 This excommunication was about the cause of the quarrell of the Inuestures of Bishops. Iohn le Maire. Henry the fift fea∣ring to be deposed from his Empire as his Father was, accorded the right of Inuestures in a full Councell it Rome, vnto Calix∣tus. Supp. Chron.

Calixtus ordeined that the Bishop of Compostella should be made an Arch-bishop: for the reuerence of the bodie of Saint Iames who rested there: And hee made a booke full of Fables of the miracles of the said S. Abb. Trit.

He appointed the foure times for taking orders (as they call them) for before they did take them only three times in the yeare.* 1.8

He excommunicated such as tooke siluer for Baptisme, and for burying. Chron. R. Franc.

By this Decree Popish Priests should be excommunicated.

He founded a Monasterie of the order of Cisteaux, called Boneuan. Fasc. temp.

He ordeined it should not be lawful for any Bishop to turne from the Romane Church, neither to contrary it. For (said he) euen as the Sonne is come to do the will of his Father: So it be∣houeth all Christians to do the will of their Mother, (that is to say) the Romane Church. Dist. 12. ca. Non decet.

See how this brazen faced harlot of Rome alleadgeth scrip∣ture: and is not ashamed to call her selfe a Mother.

He excommunicated all such as molested Pilgrimes which went to Rome. 24 q. 3. chap. Si quis.

William Duke of Pouille, preparing himselfe for the voiage of Constantinople, to take vnto wife the Emperor Alexis his daugh∣ter, recommēded his country to the Pope Calixt, doubting the ambitiō of Roger his cosin, who failed not incōtinently after the departure of the said William, to seize vpon Calabria & Pouille:

Insomuch as William was depriued both of his wife, and of his Principalitie, and dyed without children. Naucler. and Corno. Abb. Calixtus prepared an Armie against Roger, but the Popes death came betwixt, and Innocent the second pursued the en∣terprise.

[ 1124] One called Iohn, a Patriarke of the Indians, came vnto Rome, and rehearsed to the Pope and Cardinalls in a Coun∣cell, that by a myracle S. Thomas the Apostle came euery yeare to giue the Eucharist vnto the good, and refused the wicked. Naucler.

Miracles and apparitions are on all sides forged.

The Emperour Henry the fift, bearing a long time an ha∣tred vnto the King of France, assembled a great Armie to runne vpon him, taking occasion that hee was at the Councell which the Pope Calixt held at Rheimes, wherein he was excommuni∣cated: and vaunted that he would destroy the Citie of Rheims, where the said Councell was held, but when he perceiued the Kings power which met him with the precious standard cal∣led the Auriflame, he desisted from his enterprise, and returned into his Country. Iohn le Maire.

Pomerania receiued the Christian Faith. Nancler.

* 1.9Honorius Pope, second of that name, borne at Imola in Ita∣lie, [ 1125] a man of base condition, yet learned, gouerned the Romane Church 5. yeares & 2. moneths. Before he was called Lambert, Bishop of Ostia, and was promoted rather by the ambition of some, then by the consent of the good. Supp. Chron.

He inuested Roger of the Duchy of Pouille, after the said Ro∣ger had done vnto him homage: who also was King of Sicilie. The same.

Robert author of the order of Premonstre, went to Rome vnto the Pope, & obteined what he desired cōcerning y^e order. Nauc.

* 1.10Arnulphe Arch-bishop of Lion, had at this time a singular grace in preaching, who after he had preached in Fraunce and Italie, came vnto Rome. But because in his Sermons he rebu∣ked too sharply the vices, the delights and pompes of Church∣men, he was slaine.

Honorius feined to be grieued therat, yet he made no search for the murderers. Plat. and Sabel. Bonifa. Simo. say that hee did this in fauour both of the Nobilitie and of the common people.

The yeare of Christ, 1125. Henry the 5. died in the Citie of Vtreict, without heire male.

Lothaire, in the Almaine tongue Luder, the sonne of Count Gebhard (who was slaine in the warre by Henry the fourth,* 1.11 as [ 1125] hath bene said) being created Duke of Saxonie, was chosen Em∣perour: a man of great industry and prudence, and persecuted the race of the Emperour Henry, whereof arose many troubles: For Frederic and Conrade, Dukes of Souanbie, were a long time Rebels vnto him. Finally, S. Barnard Abbot of Cleruax recon∣ciled these two brethren with Lothaire.

Hugo a Saxon by Nation, and surnamed of Ʋictor, a Theo∣logian of Paris, was at this time in Paris. Amongst his writings are found many complaints against the disordinate life of Clarkes in this time. It is he whom some say, that at Masse as he lifted vp the body of our Lord, there appeared a litle childe, which said vnto him: Eate me. And he abhorring it, said hee could not eate him, vnlesse he hid himselfe againe vnder the bread: and straight it came so to passe, and he eate him.

Who sees not that this is a fable inuented to proue the new doc∣trine of Pascasius and Lanfrancus? And yet this is against their doctrine, and especially against that of Thomas A∣quine, in the third part, question. 76.

Charles Count of Flaunders, Nephew of Lewis King of [ 1127] France, was traiterously murthered as hee was on his knees in the Church of S. Donatus in Brugis in Flaunders. The murthe∣rers were certaine villaines of the Countrey, which were grie∣uously punished in sundry maners. Sigeb.

Baudwin the second, who was the third King of Ierusalem, died in a Monkes habit: whom Fulco succeeded. Naucl. Chron. Sigeb.

Innocent Pope. 2. of that name, a Roman, gouerned 14. yeares.* 1.12 [ 1130]

* 1.13After his coronation he attempted mortall warre against Roger the Norman. Who first named himselfe King of Naples: but in the end Innocent was ouerthrowne in battaile, and ledde away prisoner. Whilest he was in prison the Romanes elected Peter Leon, the sonne of a puissant Romane Citizen: But In∣nocent after he had agreed with the said Roger, was constrained to goe into France for succour towards King Lewis le Gros, of whom hee was honourably receiued. Being come into France, he held two Councells; one at Auerne, and an other at Rhemes in Campaigne. From France he retired towards the Countrey of Liege, where he found the Emperour Lothaire, who also promi∣sed all the assistance he could: by meanes of which, hee retur∣ned into Italie. Anacletus the Antepope stole away all the trea∣sures and Reliques of the Church to wage them which were of his band: he died with griefe, and his Cardinals craued pardon.

In the Councell held at Rheimes, Subdeacons were com∣maunded to liue without marriage, vnder paine to loose theyr Benefices.

There became a contention betwixt the Pope & the king of France, because that after the death of Alberic Archbishop of Bourges, the Pope sent one called Peter, by him consecrated Archbishop of the said place, to reside and rule there: but the King reiected him, neither was be receiued into the Towne, because he was created without his knowledge. Sigeb.

Innocent agreed & set a peace betwixt the towne of Pise, and the towne of Genues, and raised them vp vnto Archbishops.

A Sinode at Rome at this time ordained, that no Lay-man should presume to lay hand vpon a Clarke, vnder paine of ex∣communication, from which none could absolue him but the Pope, vnlesse he were at the poynt of death: for then his Bi∣shop might absolue him. 17. Quest. 4. Chap. Si quis suadente diabolo.

In this time was Richardus de sancto victore, and Hugo a Monke of Corbie in Saxonie, who wrote the booke (de clanstro animae.)

* 1.14Peter de Balard, an hereticke of this time, said that the passion of our Lord Iesus Christ was onely giuen vs for an example

of patience, of vertue, and of loue, he shewed vnto vs. Where∣fore he was condemned with all his writings by the Pope In∣nocent. S. Barnard writ against him.

Writers say, that one called Iohn of Time (if it be a thing [ 1132] worthy the credite) liued 361. yeares: that is to say, from the time of Charlemaigne, whose Councellor he was, and died in this time. Naucler. and Suppl. Chron.

The Emperour Lothaire went to Rome to restore Innocnt, according to his promise. [ 1133]

The faction of the Guelphes for the Pope, and of the Gibellins for the Emperour, began in this time. Naucler.

Lothaire returning from Italie, the second time after hee had deiected Roger of Pouille and Calabria, died of the pestilence nigh Trent amongst the Mountaines, in a poore lodging saith Naucler. But Palin, saith that he died at Ʋerona, the 13. yeare of his Kingdome, and the 7. of his Empire, leauing one daughter, called Gertrude.

Conrade 3. of that name, Duke of Souabe,* 1.15 sonne of Frederike of Haulte Staufen, and of Agnes, daughter of Henry the fourth, [ 1138] obtained the Empire 15. yeares.

Lewis the young, 7. of that name, 40. King of France, raig∣ned 43. yeares. He vpon superstition went into Spaine vpon pilgrimage vnto S. Iames.

Ascalon was taken of the Christians beyond the sea. Suppl. [ 1139] Chron.

Edessa a Citie of Mesopotamia was taken of Alaps, a Prince of [ 1140] Turkie, the Christians put to death,* 1.16 and women violated vpon the Aultar of S. Iohn Baptist, saith Naucler.

Fulco King of Ierusalem, fell from his horse as he ran at an [ 1142] Hare, and died, Naucler. and Chron. Euseb.

Baudwin 3. and 5. King of Ierusalem, succeeded him.

Celestine Pope, 2. of that name, an Italian,* 1.17 before called Guido, a Priest, Cardinall of S. Mark, hauing ruled 5. monethes [ 1144] and 8. dayes, died of the pestilence.

Lucius Pope, 2. of that name, borne at Boulongne,* 1.18 before a Priest, Card. of S. Crosse, named Gerard, ruled about one yeare.

This man willing by force to take away the dignitie of the* 1.19

Patrician from the Romanes,* 1.20 was on the body wounded with the blowes of stones by the common people. R. Barns. And be∣ing oppressed with the Romanes, hee sent vnto the Emperour, who beeing occupied otherwhere, could not succour him.

He did all he could to incite Christians to warre beyond the sea, because he had receiued newes how the holy Land was in daunger to be lost for the Christians. Iohn le Maire. Some say he died in a sedition. Others, that he died of the Pestilence. Supp. Chron. and Fascic. temp.

* 1.21Eugenius Pope, third of that name, borne at Pise, a Monke [ 1145] of Cleruaux, Disciple of S. Bernard, Abbotte and Cardinall of S. Anastasius at Rome, ruled eight yeares and foure mo∣nethes.

He was constrained by the Romanes (whom hee had ex∣communicated with Iordan the Patrice) to flie from Rome, and shaking the dust off his feete against his enemies, hee got him into France, not onely to shunne the feare of the said Romanes, who with force of Armes chased him away, but also to en∣courage and drawe on the French King Lewis to the succours of the holy Land. He celebrated then a Councell at Vezelay in Burgoigne: and there caused S. Barnard with his liuely voyce to vtter out all the mischiefe like to fall vnto the holy Land. After which speech of S. Barnard, the King vowed to giue suc∣cours to the Christian Princes beyond the Seas, and the Queen Helionor his wife promised to follow him: and with them, ma∣ny Princes, Barons, and Noble men of France. Also the Em∣perour [ 1147] Conrade the third, Alphonsus King of Spaine, Henry, King of England, and many other Princes and Prelates: yet in this voyage they did nothing worthy of memorie, and this was the second vniuersall voyage, as Iohn le Maire saith, but the third expedition to goe into Ierusalem. The first vnder Vrbain, and the second vnder Paschal. Anno. 1101.

[ 1148] Eugenius also assembled a Councell at Rhemes, and called thither Cardinalls and other Prelates, of whom hee was conse∣crated, as appertained. And there S. Barnard confuted by dis∣putation, and vanquished Gilbert Poretaine, Bishoppe of Poi∣tiers, an excellent Clarke, who erred in touching the vnitie of the Trinitie.

There were made many decrees for Monkes: that they should not leaue their Monasteries, nor Baptise, nor carrie children vnto Baptisme: that they might not enioyne penance, nor giue absolution: that they might not visit the diseased, nor assist the funeralls of the dead. Briefly, that they might not apply themselues vnto secular businesses, but remaine sollitarie in theyr Monasteries. That the husband or wife ought not to enter into Religion, and the marriage should not be broken, if one of the parties contradicted it: nor without the consent of the Bishop, if both parties accorded. There was also ordained for the maintenance of schooles, and for prouisi∣on of Doctors and Masters.

After those things done in France, Eugenius returned vnto Rome, where hee was honourably receiued of the people, but soone after died at Tiber, where he went to recreate himselfe. His body was brought to Rome, and buried in the Temple of S. Peter. Suppl. Chron.

In this time raigned Gratian the Monke, who compiled the Decretall. Which Eugenius approoued and commanded to be read through all Vniuersities. Supp. Chron.

Petrus Lumbardus Bishop of Paris, compiled the bookes of Sentences.

Petrus Commestor wrote the Scholasticke Historie.

Auicen and Auerrois liued in this time, excellent in Phisicke.

By the writings of Saint Barnard wee may knowe how in this time beeing so miserably corrupted,* 1.22 he stroue against the impietie of Popes, and the Ecclesiasticall sort. See his 67. Ser∣mon, where he calleth them the Ministers of Antichrist. In the Sermon 57. In the booke vnto this Pope Eugenius, and in the 33. Sermon vpon the Cant. he often saith that Prelates are but pilates. He reprooueth Eugenius, that leauing the word of God, he aduanced humane traditions. Hugo Cardinall in his Postile vpon S. Iohn, alleadgeth that S. Barnard said in a certaine place. It seemeth ô good Iesu, that all the Vniuersitie of Christians haue conspired against thee, and they are the chiefe of the con∣iuration which obtaine the Primacie of the church. At the end

of his dayes hee shewed well that hee perfectly knew the true doctrine of the Iustification by Iesus Christ, on whom only was his refuge, reiecting all other sanctities and righteousnesse. His writings yeeld a certaine witnesse of him.

The Emperour of Constantinople, Emanuel, sent victuals to the Christians beyond the Seas: but like a traitetous wicked man hee mingled chalke amongst their floure, whereof infinite people died. He gaue also guides vnto the Emperour Conrade, which conducted him through solitary places; Insomuch that he lost all his souldiers. As much also almost came vnto the king of France, yet they both got into Ierusalem. The Emperor Con∣rade, the King Lewis, and Baudwin King of Ierusalem, being in Ierusalem, determined to assaile Damas. Naucler.

Aluisius Abbot of Auchen, and Bishop of Arras, died in this iourney of the holy Land, in a towne called Philopolis, & Simon Bishop of Noyon, at Selencia.

Bishops, Abbots, and Monkes, trotted then in voyages be∣yond the Seas.

Norway receiued then the faith which was then.

S. Barnard died of the age of 36. yeares. Naucler.

[ 1152] Conrade the third, Emperor, returning from his voyage of Ierusalem, died at Banberg. 1152.

* 1.23Frederic, first of that name, surnamed barbarous sonne of [ 1153] Frederic Duke of Souanbe, who was brother of the said Con∣rade, was chosen Emperour.

This was a Prince of a good spirit, hardie, of great sta∣ture, and faire of face, his haire and beard, was redde, af∣fable, and gracious. After his election, hee ledde seuen times his Armie against the Italians which rebelled against him.

* 1.24Anastasius Pope, 4. of that name, a Romane, Abbot, ruled the [ 1154] Romane Church, one yeare or two, 4. monethes, and 24. daies. They qualifie him a great Almes-giuer of many priuiledges vnto religious people, of Challices very sumptuous, and of re∣pairing Churches.

* 1.25Adrian 4. of that name, borne in England, a man learned, [ 1155] before called Nicholas-breakspeare, the sonne of one named Ro∣bert, [ 1156] a Monke and Priest of the Temple of S. Albons, of a Re∣gular

Chanon he was made Bishop Cardinall, and after Pope, ruled at Rome fiue yeares and sixe monethes.

He was sent vnto Norway by Eugenius the third, Pope, to preach the faith, and when he had instructed the people of the said Countrey, he was chosen Pope. Beeing receiued,* 1.26 the Romanes prayed him to leaue the administration of the towne free to Consuls and Magistrates, after their auncient maner, which be refused: wherat the Romanes grieued, did many euils vnto a Cardinall. In so much that Adrian set all the Citie of Rome vnder an Interdict or excommunication.

After his election he would by no meanes go to the Church of Laterane to be consecrated,* 1.27 vntill first Arnold bishop of Brixe were cast out of the Towne: who opposed himselfe a∣gainst the Administration of ciuill things, and of the temporall sword which the Cleargie had vsurped. And therefore he cal∣led him an heretike, solliciting the Romane people to maintain their libertie, Magistracie, and other offices. R. Barns.

Of this same time was Peter de Blois, who in his writings touched the wickednesse of the Cleargie-men. In a certaine Epistle which he writeth to a Bishops Officiall, he admonisheth him to come out of Babilon, detesting the tirannie of Bishops and their Officials, calling them infernall harpies which do but powle and sheere the Church of Iesus Christ. He often calleth the Cleargie, Siria, Edom, Calues of Bethel, Idols of Egipt, the fatte of Samaria, Priests of Baal, and Iudges which forge vn∣iust lawes, and many such like names he giueth them. This saith he of Rome. At Rome all is subuerted by gifts, Monkes may do all things by siluer, and redeeme by annuall pentions, all wic∣kednesse of the flesh.* 1.28 There filthinesse began to be sung in the Tabernacle of Geth, & in the streets of Ascalon. So was he made the Prince of Sodome, and his Disciples after him, are set in the chaire of pestilence.

Such writing should be noted for their excellencie and raritie.

The yeare of Christ, 1155. Frederic went into Italy, Adri∣an met him euen at Sutry, hoping by the Emperours meanes to reuenge himselfe vpon his enemies. And as hee arri∣ued at the Emperours lodging, the Emperour hasted to meete

him,* 1.29 and as he lighted he held the left stirrope of his horse, and taking him by the hand ledde him into his Castle. The Pope greatly disdaining, held as a mockery, that the Emperour at his lighting held his left stirrope, and not his right: Insomuch that he departed from his Castle much offended & discontent. The next morning the Emperour dissembling all, like a wise man, calling the Pope as hee met him againe, held his right stirrope at his lighting. For hee had not forgotten his lesson of the day before.

After they went to Rome, and there Frederic was crow∣ned by Adrian at S. Peters, and returned into Almaigne. Ri. Barnes.

Iohn of Salisbury, Bishop of Chartres, was in this time, who sharply opposed himselfe against the wickednes of Popes and Cleargie. He writ a booke, Intituled Obiurgatorium Cleri. In his booke Intituled Policraticus, he saith thus. In the Romane Church are set Scribes and Pharisies,* 1.30 loading mens shoulders with insupportable burthens. The great Bishop is heauy vn∣to all, yea importable. His Legates cast themselues so into the fields, as if Sathan were come from the Lorde to torment the Church. Iudgement amongst them, is no other thing but a true marchandise. They esteeme of gaine as of pietie it selfe. They iustifie the wicked by gold and siluer, and reioyce in wic∣kednes. They eate the sinnes of the people. They are appa∣relled & nourished in all luxurie: whilest the true worshippers worship the Lord in spirit. He that sticketh not vnto their doc∣trine, either is he iudged an hereticke, or a schismaticke, &c.

Often were there such Doctors in the Church, but they durst not speake nor write of all that was needfull. In a booke Intituled Speculum, that is to say, the Glasse. It is said that that good Bishop Iohn, amongst other complaints, hath bene some∣times heard say to the Pope Adrian the fourth (his very famili∣ar friend) these words. The Pope indeed is truly the seruant of seruants,* 1.31 because he serueth the Romanes, seruants of couetous∣nesse. The same Pope Adrian was heard say to the said Bishop Iohn, That there were many Popes which rather succeeded Ro∣mulus in murders & paracides, then S. Peter in feeding of sheep.

Romulus, the first founder of the Citte of Rome, slewe his owne brother Remus, and so the walls were dedicated in that Parricide.

Adrian excommunicated William the sonne of Rogier king of Sicily and Pouille, and absolued his subiects of their oathes towards him: but seeing he profited nothing by that meanes, he incited Emanuel Emperour of Constantinople: Emanuel pro∣mised the Pope to deposed the said William. Onely he deman∣ded three Maritime or Sea Townes if he came to his purpose. These conuentions made, in the meane while the Grecians oc∣cupied Pouille, and wasted it. William vnderstanding these prac∣tises, prayed the Pope to be reconciled vnto him, and that hee would onely graunt him the title of king of the two Sicilies, and he would restore him whatsoeuer he demanded; yea he would giue of his owne. The Pope was content, but the Cardinalls kept him from it. William then went into battaile against the Grecians and obtained the victorie, droue the Grecians out of Pouille, and recouered it. The Captaine prisoners were bound with chaines. Afterward he went against Beneuent and besieged it. The Pope and his Cardinalls which by chance were there, are prisoners, and constrained to demaund peace, and to agree wiih him. The Pope first absolueth him of his excommunica∣tion, and pronounceth and declareth him King, after hauing done him homage to hold his Land & Seignory of the holy Fa∣ther. Adrian returned to Rome, and straight fel vnto cōtention. For the Consuls would maintaine their franchise & ancient li∣bertie. Wherfore fearing (because the Interdict endured yet) he got himselfe Anagnia or Arignianum. R. Barns.

Frederic was not content that the Pope without his know∣ledge had graunted the title and right of Sicilia, because he was thereby defrauded of the Inuestures: also for that the Popes Legates pilled so the Countries subiect vnto his Empire. Be∣cause the Pope began secretly through all the Empire to sowe reasons to retire his subiects from his subiection. Wherefore he demaunded homage of the Bishops of the Germaine Nation, and oath of fidelitie: hee forbad that any should appeale vnto

the Romane Sea. He commaunded the Popes Legates which appealed not to him, to get them out of his Countries. The Pope very much grieued at all those things, as also that the Emperour set his owne name before the Popes in his Letters missiues which he sent; writ Letters vnto him, rebuking him for those foresaid things,* 1.32 admonishing him to amēd. The Emperor answered them frō point to point. First, that iustly & by good right he set his name before his seeing the Pope oweth all hu∣militie to the Emperour as Christ hath taught. And if Popes haue any priuiledge, it comes of especiall grace, and by the li∣beralitie of Kings and Princes.

Also that Iesus Christ hath taught vs to yeeld to euery one that which belongs vnto him, to Caesar that which belongeth vnto him. Wherefore he iustly redemaundeth the inuestures and homage of Bishops. Touching Cardinals and Legates, that iustly he reiected thē out of his Country. For said he, they come not to preach, but to pill and spoile: not to cōfirme peace, but to heape vp siluer. Wherefore he prayed the Pope and his, not to mooue so many schismes & scandalls, but that that they would studie for peace and humilitie. Naucler & R. Barns.

[ 1158] The yeare 1158. Frederic tooke the Towne of Millaine, and made it subiect to the Empire. Sigeb.

After this, the Pope ceased not to sollicite the Italians to withdraw their alleageance from the Emperor, and therfore he sent his Legates to Millaine, to perswade them to reuolt. But the Millanois sought no other thing but a quarell for that purpose; and that was, that the Emperour was excōmunicate. The Pope then wrought a cōspiracie against the Emperor with the aide of William king of Sicilie, of them of Millaine, and other Nobles of Italie, which gaue a great sum of siluer to the Pope to excom∣municate the Emperour. The coniuration was confirmed by oath, vpon condition that none of thē should euer returne into grace with the Emperour, vnlesse all were consenting therevn∣to. And if by fortune the Pope died, that they should then elect a Cardinall of their owne faction and band.

After the former defence of the Emperor that none should appeale to Rome, the Bishop of Laude going to Rome by appel∣lation,

was encountred by certaine of the Emperours people; and after they had beate him, they put him in prison. The Pope Adrian sent towards the Emperour two Legates with ve∣ry sharpe Letters. In which amongst other words, there were these. Although thou hast not answered vs as thou oughtest, yet do we not repent if thou hadst receiued greater benefites at our hands then thou hast receiued. Which words so angred the Emperor and all the Princes, that with much adoo did they abstaine from violating the League. Of which one of them an∣swering for the Pope, said foolishly. If the Emperour (saith he) hold not his Empire of the Pope, of whom holdeth he it? By which words Otho Pallatin Wittilispach before the Emperour drew his sword, and ran against the said Legate, and hardly was retained from sleying him. Naucler.

For store of siluer, then the Pope Adrian being at Anagnia, thundred forth the sentence of excōmunicatiō against Frederic: But God (Iohn de Cremona saith) who by the mouth of the Pro∣phet speaketh. (They shal curse you, and I will blesse you) ouer∣threw their enterprise. For it fell out that the Pope after hee had denounced the excommunication, came out of Anagnia to take ayre, nigh a Fountaine of which he dranke: but soone af∣ter a Flie entred into his mouth, and kept so in his throate, that he left his breath and so died. Naucler. Vrsperg.

The yeare 1160. Frederic laid siege before the Towne of [ 1160] Millaine, which was reuolted.

Pauie, Plaisance, and as it were all Lombardie, yeelded themselues subiect vnto him. Chron. Sigeb. Crema is pilled and spoiled.

Behold what they gaine to beleeue the Pope, and rebell a∣gainst their naturall Lord.

The poore men of Lyons, otherwise called Ʋandrois,* 1.33 were in this time.

After the death of Pope Adrian, yet ceased not the former conspiration against Frederic, for the coniurators sent a strong man of body, who was a good Musitian, but counterfeited a Ieaster, to the end to take occasion to sley the Emperour: but he was surprised and put to death.

Againe they sent him an Arrabian Ehchaunter, who carried Mearcery ware, and drugs impoisoned. But the Emperour fin∣ding out his treason, caused the Enchaunter to be strangled.

The Duchie of Bohemia was erected to a Kingdome vn∣der Frederic. Naucler.

The Prince of Austriche was made a Duke.

The body of S. Bartholomew, and the body of Paulin Bi∣shop of Nole, were found in an old Church, saith Sigeb.

[ 1162] The bodies of the three kings (as they call thē) were found nigh Millaine, and carried into the said Citie. Fasci. temp.

Helinandus rehearseth that the Pope Adrian was wont to say; That there is nothing in the world more miserable, nor condition or estate more vnluckie, then the Popedome. And that hee found such tribulation in the Apostolike seate, that he wished he had neuer departed from England. And that he was neuer so much at ease, as when he was but a simple Cloyster-Monke.

Adolphe Count of Nole d' Albigeois, was slaine by the Sla∣uons, Apostates of the faith: his death was reuenged by the Duke of Saxonie. Henry Leon.

This Henry founded three Abbeyes, at Lubec, Racebourg, and Souerum. He visited the sepulchre, and builded the church of S. Bloise at Brunswic.

Amongst many reliques, he gaue to the said Church of the bloud of Iesus Christ, which he brought from the holy Land, saith The Sea of Histories.

* 1.34Alexander Pope, third of that name, of Sienne in Tuscane, [ 1164] ruled 22. yeares or thereabouts. The Sea of Histories.

He was before called Rowland, and was an enemie of the Empire, and therefore was he chosen by 22. Cardinalls.

* 1.35Some elected one called Octauian, a Romane Citizen, Priest, Cardinall of S. Clement, called after, Ʋictor the third: who came towards Frederic. So was there a great schisme which continued 17. yeares.

Alexāder sent his Legates towards Frederic, who thē besieged Cremona, to the end by his authoritie to take away the schisme. The Emperor commanded that the two elected Popes should

come vnto him vnto Pauie, and there hee would assemble a Councel to take order for that schisme. Alexander sent him the olde answere: that the Pope might not be iudged of any liuing man, &c. and would not assist or appeare, but retired himselfe vnto Anagnia.

Ʋictor appeared, and was approoued Pope, and the Empe∣rour sent him into Almaine, and commanded that euery one should obey him: whereat Alexander being greatly mooued, sent sentence of excommunication, against both the Emperour and the said Ʋictor, at Cleremont in France.

We haue seene that after Charlemaigne many pettie Kings rose vp in Italie, whereof some were called Berengarij, which brought into subiection the kingdome of the Lombards. Otho the great got Lombardie out of their hands. But after Millaine as it encreased in riches, so the Citizens withdrew themselues from the obedience of the Romane Empire. Frederic hauing raised a great Armie, constrained them with others to yeelde to the yoake. But the common people bearing euill will vnto the Emperour minding againe to reuoult, discouered their wicked intent with a maruellous insolencie. The Empresse Frederic his wife, hauing a desire to see the Towne, entered into it with effeminate assurance, without feare to suffer iniurie of such as obeyed the Empire. But the common people for∣getting all honour, being exceedingly inraged,* 1.36 set the said Prin∣cesse vpon a she Asse, causing her to turne her face towards the taile: the which they gaue her for a bridle in her hand, and in a mockerie sent her out at one of their gates. The Emperour taking iust indignation against this iniury, besieged them seuen yeares before they could enter: but at the last constraining them to yeeld, hee ruinated and sacked the Towne with great effusion of bloud. He receiued some to mercie, but it was vpon this cōditiō, that if they would saue their liues, they shuld draw out with their teeth a Figge from behind of the she Asse. Ma∣ny chose rather to die then to suffer that ignominy. Others de∣siring to liue, did whatsoeuer was commanded them. Frō hence comes a iust mockerie amongst the Italians, to shewe the thumbe betwixt two fingers, and say; Ecco la fico,* 1.37 beholde the

Figge: Crantes reciteth this Story in his 6. booke of Saxonia.

Frederic sent Embassadors vnto the King of France, to take away that schisme from Rome, they agreed to meete in a cer∣taine place very conuenient for France and Almaine, and that was at Dijon. Thither came Henry king of England, the king of Scotland, the king of Bohemia: Alexander would not bee there, saying he was not ordained by his authoritie. The King of France was not there in fauour of Alexander.

Frederic not well content that he and so many Princes had thus lost their paines, commaunded Victor to drawe into Italie: but Victor died in the way at Luques: and in his place Guido Bi∣shop of Cremone, was chosen, who afterward was called Paschall the third: vnto whom the Emperour Frederic, the Duke of Bauiere, the Count Palatin in Rhene, the Lantgraue of Turinge, the Bishops of Magdeburg, of Breme, of Treuers, of Colongne, and of Banberge, promised him obedience. R. Barns.

* 1.38Amaricus the brother of Baudwin, was the sixt King of Ierusalem. Sigeb.

Alexander in the meane while held a Councell at Tours. But at Rome the Vicegerent of the Pope Alexander, the Bi∣shop of Prenestine died, and in his place was substituted Iohn, Cardinall of the Church of S. Peter. He by siluer and other meanes drewe to Alexander the most part of the Romane Ci∣tizens: and did so much, as they created new Consuls, such as fauoured the said Alexander. They recalled Alexander out of France, and he was well receiued at Rome, the Bishop of Pauie was put out for that he held on the Emperours side.

[ 1167] Frederic the third time went into Italie against certaine that rebelled, and came to Rome to knowe the cause of those Popes. Alexander would not appeare, but drewe backe as before.

The Townes of Italie rebelled against the Emperor at the perswasion of Alexander, and they conspired together.

The Millainois reedified their Towne in fauour of this A∣lexander, [ 1170] and called it Alexandria.

Frederic the fourth time returned into Italie with a great Armie against the rebells: but Henry Leon Duke of Saxonie,

corrupted by siluer (as is thought) left the Emperour, and re∣turned into Saxonie with his company.

The Emperour required him not to faile him in that great need, but he lost time: therefore was hee constrained to with∣drawe from Italie, and returne into Almaine, in a seruants appa∣rell, and that with great difficultie.

Behold how by Popes the world hath euer beene troubled.

The yeare of Christ, 1173. Saladin slew his Lord the [ 1173] Calyphe, and raigned in his place. Chron. Euseb.

The yeare of Christ, 1175. Frederic the fift time retur∣ned [ 1175] into Italie: but at the perswasion of his Confessor, he con∣uerted his Armes against the Turkes: and passing through Hun∣garie, came vnto Constantinople, & occupied many Townes and places of the Turkes, as Philomenia and Iconium, after he came into Armenia the lesse, finally euen to Ierusalem. Whilest Fre∣deric was thus busied with the Turke, the Pope Alexander with his confederates ceased not to thinke how they might de∣stroy him. To the end then that hee should not returne vic∣torious, the Pope sent to the Souldan the Image of the Empe∣rour, which he caused to be drawne very liuely by an excellent Painter, with Letters by which he gaue aduertisement vnto the Souldan, to sley or destroy the said Emperour by treason, if e∣uer hee pretended to liue in peace.

The Souldan hauing receiued the said Popes Letters, with the Emperours figure, sought by all meanes to come to his pur∣pose; but occasion fell not out so soone. But finally as the Em∣perour returned from the conquest of Ierasalem being in Ar∣menia, one day as it was very hotte, hee withdrew into a wood with a fewe of his people, and with his Chaplaine, and not thin∣king of any daunger, there made his people goe aside, and hee and his Chaplaine lighted off their horses, vnapparelled them∣selues, and so refreshed them in a running streame of water. There was hee surprised by the ambushes which the Souldane had laid, and were carried through the wood vnto the Soul∣dan. His people knowing nothing of his taking, sought him all the next morning.

The brute came vnto the Campe, the Emperor was drow∣ned, and by the space of an whole moneth they sought him in the floud where he washed. The Emperour being brought be∣fore the Souldane, feigned himselfe to be the Emperors Chap∣laine, but the Souldan knowing him by the Image the Pope sent him, maintained that he was the Emperour of the Christi∣ans, and indeed commanded that straight some should bring him the said Image, and that the Popes Letters should be read. The Emperour astonished at this treason, confessed the truth and demaunded fauour. Certaine time after, the Souldan sent him away, vnder certain couenants agreed betwixt them. The Emperour returning, assigned a day at Noremberg, and as∣sembling his Court, declared the Pope Alexander his treason, shewing his Letters and the Image. Briefly, euery one pro∣mised him helpe to pay his ransome, and to doo iustice of the said Alexander.

In this time of darknesse and horrible tempests, after the Grashoppers and vermine of begging Friers, which deuou∣red the title graine of the world: here gaue the Lord again a light, as it were the breake of day.

Notes

• * 1.1

  Foure new orders of the crossed.
• * 1.2

  The proud answere of a Pope.
• * 1.3

  Matilde giueth her goods to the Pope.
• * 1.4

  Gelasius. 2.
• * 1.5

  Schisme. 18.
• * 1.6

  Calixt. 2.
• * 1.7

  Resignation of Inuestures. Anno. 1122.
• * 1.8

  This decree is attributed vnto Calix∣tus the first.
• * 1.9

  Honorius. 2.
• * 1.10

  Arnulphe slaine at Rome.
• * 1.11

  Lothaire.
• * 1.12

  Innocent. 2.
• * 1.13

  Lothaire.
• * 1.14

  A new Pelagian.
• * 1.15

  Conrade. 3.
• * 1.16

  Beginning of euils.
• * 1.17

  Celestine. 2.
• * 1.18

  Lucius. 2.
• * 1.19

  Patrician.
• * 1.20

  Conrad. 3.
• * 1.21

  Eugenius. 3.
• * 1.22

  Touching the doctrine of S. Barnard.
• * 1.23

  Frederic. 1.
• * 1.24

  Anastasius. 4.
• * 1.25

  Adrian. 4.
• * 1.26

  Excommuni∣catiō for tem∣porall goods.
• * 1.27

  Arnold Bi∣shop.
• * 1.28

  The Pope and his disciples.
• * 1.29

  Frederic. 1.
• * 1.30

  Iohn de Sa∣lisburie a true Doctor.
• * 1.31

  A word of cō∣demnation commeth frō the Popes owne mouth.
• * 1.32

  See the Tenor of the Popes Letters in the Popes liues, by R. Barns & Naucler.
• * 1.33

  The poore men of Lyons.
• * 1.34

  Alexander. 3
• * 1.35

  A schisme of 17. yeares.
• * 1.36

  A mockerie offered vnto the Emperor.
• * 1.37

  Ecco la Fico.
• * 1.38

  The 6. king of Ierusalem.