The estate of the Church with the discourse of times, from the apostles vntill this present: also of the liues of all the emperours, popes of Rome, and Turkes: as also of the Kings of Fraunce, England, Scotland, Spaine, Portugall, Denmarke, &c. With all the memorable accidents of their times. Translated out of French into English by Simon Patrike, Gentleman.

The Popes come now as into their chiefe force.

Childeric third of that name, 21. King of France, hauing

raigned nine yeares was chased away,* 1.1 and constrained to make himselfe a Monke.

So from Pharamond vnto Pippin we account 331. yeares: From Merouee 302. From Clouis the first, made a Christian, 252.

Zacharie Pope, borne in Greece, ruled at Rome 10. or a 11. yeares, an Inuentor of Cappes and other ornaments tissued of Gold and stones.

He assigned certaine rents and lands to Priests to liue on, and for Lampes in Churches.

He forbad the Venetians vnder paine of excommunicati∣on,* 1.2 that they should no more sell Christians as slaues to the Sar∣rasins, as they accustomed to do.

Pippin, surnamed le Court, of a Maister of the Pallace,* 1.3 became by ambition the 22. King of France, and besought the Pope, that by his authoritie hee would confirme the kingdome vnto him.

Chilperic then King of France,* 1.4 after hee had raigned nine yeares became a Monke, by the aduice and authoritie of Pope Zacharie, and his wife, was put into a Monasterie: and in his place the said Pippin sonne of Charles Martel, and Father of Charlemaigne was made King, and consecrated at Soisons by Boniface, Arch-bishop of Magunce, by the election of all the Barons of France, and by the consent and Councell of Pope Zacharie, being therevnto required: Who not only comman∣ded and confirmed the said election, but also absolued Pippin of the oath which he had made to the King and to the Crowne of France. Abb. Vrsp.

This Pope did as much with the King of Lombards called Lachis.* 1.5 For he found meanes that he left his kingdome & made himselfe a Monke, and his children and wife, and his brother Astulfe, succeeded him. In the 2. volume of Councels.

Carloman, Pippins brother, was also shauen and made a Monke at Rome, by the perswasion of Zacharie, and remai∣ned in the Abbey of the mount S••rap in Lombardie, and after in the mount Cassin. [ 742]

Constantine the fift of that name,* 1.6 Emperour 74. sonne of

Leon,* 1.7 raigned 35. yeares.

This as he was baptized made water in the Font, and ther∣fore was he called in Greeke Copronymos.

What necessitie was there to hold a naked Childe ouer the Font?

This gaue a forewarning that hee should be an euill Chri∣stian. Naucler. And indeed many crimes were imposed vpon him, because hee constantly maintained his Fathers opinion a∣gainst the Pope, touching Images: and from thence came al∣so that they say he dyed desperate, when he said I am deliuered from the fire eternall. Fasc. temp. Chron. Sigeb. and others.

They which consent not to the Popes Decrees are Iudged damned.

* 1.8Vnder Pippin a Sinode was held in Fraunce, by Boniface Arch-bishop of Magunce, Bucardus, Guntarius, and other Bi∣shops, which had not beene in 80. yeares before: In so much that men said that Religion in France was dissipated and laide vnder feete. Naucler.

* 1.9It was then ordained that eache yeare there should be a Sinode in France. That no Church-man should beare Armes. That none of them should vse hunting, nor keepe Dogges nor Birds of pray.

That euery Priest and Bishop should hold himselfe in his Parish, and do their diligence to roote out auncient heresies: that is to say,* 1.10 Paganisme, and errors of the sacrifices of the dead: diuinations, enchauntments, and other Immolations which are yet done after the manner of Painims nigh Churches, vnder the name of Martyrs and Confessors. Naucler.

Paganisme of the Gods, was persecuted in France: but true Religion was not therefore established.

In this time the Hunnes called Hungarians, occupiped Pan∣nonia.

They were diuided into seuen bands: euery band buil∣ded a Castle, which yet at this day are called Septem Castra in Latin, which is a strong place against the Turkes.* 1.11

Edward King of England, who otherwise was reputed an vpright man, left his wife, and entertained Nunnes, who was ad∣monished by Letters from Boniface, to leaue off that vice. Nau∣cler.

These be the fruites and enticements of that cursed single life.

Pippin le Court dyed at Paris, after hee had raigned 17. or [ 751] 18. yeares after some, leauing his two sonnes, Charlemaigne in Soisonnois, and Carloman at Noyon.

Stephen Pope, second of that name a Romaine, ruled at [ 752] Rome sixe yeares.* 1.12 Hee was carried vpon mens shoulders vnto the Church of S. Lateran: and thereof it comes that at this day Popes cause themselues to be carried.

The Emperour Constantine, the 14. yeare of his Empire, [ 755] assembled a Councell at Constantinople of 330. Bishops,* 1.13 where it was commaunded that all Images of Saints should be taken and burnt. Also he caused all his subiects to sweare, no more to honour any Image of God, nor of Saintes, but condemned to die all such as called to the Virgin Mary for helpe, and that had in their houses any Relikes of Saints.

They commaunded Monkes to Marry,* 1.14 and Nunnes to follow the estate of marriage. Sigeb.

After this the Emperor sent the defruition of this Councel to the Pope, commaunding him to cast Images out of Chur∣ches.

Sabin King of Bulgaria, throughout his Kingdome caused all Images to be taken away, after the example of Constantine, whereby he came in grace with the Emperour. Naucler.

Stephen went into Fraunce towardes King Pippin, de∣maunding aide and succours against Astulphus King of the Lombardes. This King Pippin went and met the Pope, and discended from his horse, tooke the bridle of the Popes horse in his hand, and so ledde him to the Pallace. Suppl. Chron.

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* 1.15Stephen consecrated him and his two sonnes, Charlemaigne, and Carloman, in the Church of S. Denis in France, and confir∣med them in such manner as hee and his posteritie should holde the kingdome of France in heritage for euer, and excommuni∣cated all such which should set themselues against it. Fasci. temp.

Also hee transported the Empire of Constantinople into France: which afterward Pope Leo approued, ratified, and put in execution. And therefore the Empire was parted into East and West. Supp. Chron. Fasci. temp. & Naucler.

From whence came this authoritie to bestowe kingdomes of the world, but from the diuel, who is called the prince therof?

Pippin went into Italie to the Popes succours, and obteined victory against the Lombards. Astulphe was constrained to agree to the Popes will. Sigeb.

* 1.16The Exarchate which was occupied by the Lombards, and appertained to the Emperour, is giuen to the Pope by Pippin without any right. For the estate of such as held that dignitie [ 757] and office, were assigned the Townes that follow: Rauenna, Imola, Boulonge, Mutina, Rhegin, Parma, Placentia, &c.

At this time happened an horrible thing in the Abbey of S. Martin at Tours. For all the Monkes which were giuen to pleasures and wickednes, dyed suffocated and choaked, except one. Fasci. temp.

The Parliament Instituted in France.

Constantine the Emperour sent gifts to Pippin, praying him to render vnto him the Exarchate. Pippin answered, that hee came not the second time into Italie for any temporall profit, but in dutie to guard the Church against the Lombards, and to take from them Rauenna, and the Exarchate and other goods of Italie, to giue them vnto the Pope. Naucler. Abb. Vrsp.

Thassido Duke of Bauier, did homage to the King of France.

* 1.17Paul brother of the former Pope 94. gouerned 10. or a 11. yeares: In whose election there was great debate. For some had chosen one called Theophilactus.

Buggandus Bishop of Metes, at this time was very affectio∣nate towards holie bodies and heaped vp Relikes. He transpor∣ted from Rome into France the bodies of S. Gorgon, and Saint Nazare, and of many others.

Rome which before was the butchery of Martyrs, now selles bodies and bones.

Constantine seeing the foolish superstition of Christians at the Sepulchres of Saintes,* 1.18 kissing and worshipping their Re∣likes, caused their bones to be taken out of their graues and to be cast into the Sea.

At this time it was that Sigebert reciteth, that in Berithe a Citie of Siria, was found an Image of Iesus Christ, wherevnto the Iewes did many outrages, pearcing his feete, hands, and side, from whence bloud came, wherwith many maladies were hea∣led. This thing being declared to the Bishop of the said place, he made that blood to be preciously kept, and shewed it, and carried it hither and thither: And therevpon ordeined each yeare a feast, called the Passion of the Lordes Image, the eight of Nouember.

Of this blood there was brought to Mantoua. Supp. Chron.

Who sees not that this Fable was inuented, to the end that vnder the shadow of miracles, the seruice of Saints and Images might be set forward against the Grecians & Emperours. Whē men haue no authoritie from the holie scripture, they cry, Mi∣racle, Miracle.

Note hereby the refuge of Papists.

There was a Sinode held in France against the Grecians touching Images, by the authoritie of King Pippin. Abb. Vrsp.

In this time Saints liues were forged on all sides.

Ʋerus Biship of Siuil, wrote the life of S. Eutropius Bishop. Abb. Trit.

Wibaldus composed the life of S. Boniface his maister, Bi∣shop of Magunce. Tritem.

Constantine Pope, second of that name a Romane, gouer∣ned [ 767] at Rome one yeare.* 1.19

By ambition and force hee occupied the Papacice. And

from the estate of a Laie-man being made Priest, hee was cho∣sen Pope by store of money and Armes, but after was taken and cast into a Monasterie, and his eyes put out.

* 1.20In this time likewise there was an Antepope called Phil∣lippicus, or Phillip, who also was deposed, and Stephen the third constituted.

Sergius Bishop of Rauenna, and Christopher, Authours of the former schisme, had their eyes put out.

* 1.21Stephen Pope, third of that name, Monke of Sicilie, ruled at Rome foure yeares.

* 1.22This Pope assembled a Councell at Rome, where all that was reuoked, which Constantine his predecessor had ordeined: euen in disgrading them, which by him were consecrated. In the said Councell assisted 12. Bishops of France. Naucler.

There was also ordeined, that no Laie-man should be made Pope or Bishop, but successiuely by order and Ecclesiasticall degrees.* 1.23 Naucler. Item, that euery Sunday the Gloria in excel∣sis should be sung at Masse.

There was condemned the Councell of Constantinople. 7. wherein the Emperour Constantine the 2. and the Bishops of Greece, had ordeined that Images should be laid downe. This Councell was declared hereticall, and againe Images comman∣ded, as worthie of honour and veneration. This thus agreed vp∣on, the next morning there was made a great procession, where the Pope went on foote in great deuotion, and all others. Naucler, and Supp. Chron.

A great token of repentance for a Pope.

[ 769] Charlemaigne the sonne of Pippin, 22. King of France, had this surname of great, for his prowesses and vertues. Hee had maruellous warres.* 1.24The first in Aquitane. The second against the Lombards. And the third against the Saxons. He had also warre in Spaine, in Bauiere, and in Hungarie against the Hu∣nois: which Historiographers declare in their order.

Adrian Pope, a Romane,* 1.25 gouerned the Romane Church 24. yeares. [ 772]

This Pope shewed himselfe cruell against such as impug∣ned the seruice of Images, and made a booke Intituled, Of the worshipping of Saints. Chron. Sigeb. and Abb. Trit.

Dedier 22. and last king of Lombards, desired the loue and friendship of this Pope, but he would not consent therevnto: Saying that he would not accord with him which so often had broken his promise: wherewith Didier being moued,* 1.26 practised many euils against the Church of Rome, In so much that Adri∣an was constrained to demaund aide in Fraunce. Supplim. of Chron.

Charlemaigne came into Italie at the request of Adrian, against Didier, and obtained victorie against him: after he had raigned 18. yeares hee sent him prisoner into France, with his wife and children. And the kingdome of the Lombards fini∣shed in Italie, which had endured 224. yeares, or 213.

After hee had ouercome the Lombards, hee instituted the Vniuersitie of Pauie, and adorned it with learned people.

Charlemaigne came to Rome and kissed the Popes feete.* 1.27 Blundus and P. Emilius.

He restored to the Romane Church his reuenewes & pri∣uiledges, and ratified all that which his Father Pippin had gi∣uen to the said Church. Wherefore this Adrian caused a Coun∣cell to be held of 153. Prelates: by which was giuen to Char∣lemaigne the right of Inuesture, placing Bishops in possession of their seates, and to elect the Pope of Rome from hence for∣ward. Distinct. 63. cap. Adrianus.

This priuiledge endured not long, and was but feined & hy∣pocriticall. And the succeeding Popes obserued it not: saying it was but curtesie and a personable priuiledge which could not exceed the person of the Emperour which then was.

Leon Emperour, fourth of that name, sonne of Constantine Emperour, raigned fiue yeares, his wife was of Athens,* 1.28 named Hirene (otherwise also Theodora) a faire woman, and of great spirit. Naucler.

He loued precious stones, and hauing seene a Crowne full of precious stones in the Treasury of Saint Sophie, put it vpon his head: but by the coldnesse thereof, he fell into a Feuer, whereof he dyed. Chron. Sigeb. Fasc. temp. Naucler. Supp. Chro. After his wife Hirene raigned.

Charlemaigne enterprised warre against the Saxons, Infi∣dels, and Painims: and this endured 33. yeares. Naucler. For they often reuolted and feined themselues to be Christians, a∣busing Charlemaigne. Abb. Vrsp. Finally they were made sub∣iect.

Adrian builded certaine Towers and walles at Rome, and gaue great gates of Brasse to the Church of S. Peter: and ador∣ned the Aultar with a couering of Gold.

Hee ordeined that an hundreth poore people should be nourished in the Court of Lateran. He restored S. Anastatius, and other ruinated Churches. He was puissant and noble of race, and none of his predecessours came to like temporal glo∣ry and riches. Supp. Chro. Fasci. temp.

Charlemaigne displeased at the discord of the Church Mu∣sicke, betwixt the Romanes and the French, sent two Clarkes to Rome to learne the Song of the Romane Church, which first instructed the Church of Metes in Lorraine, and after al France, in the same singing. Supp. Chron.

* 1.29Constantine 6. of that name, Emperour 76. of Leon the 4. raigned tenne yeares with his mother Hirene, but being come to age, he depriued her of the Empire, exhorting her rather to deale in domesticall affaires, without medling with gouer∣ning the Empire. Sigeb.

[ 781] Charlemaigne made warre in Spaine against the Sarrasins. Naucler. Where the Peers of France were betraied Ganelon.

Hirene had her deuotion towards the virgin Mary, and all other Saints: And at the request of Pope Adrian, and of The∣rasius Arch-bishop of Constantinople, she assembled after Sigeb. a Councell at Nice, called the seuenth, of 350, after some: or of 325. Bishops, Naucler. Wherin it was decreed, that not only in Temples should be Images: but also that they should be wor∣shipped of right, & that al gainsaiers should be excommunicated:

but this decree was after abolished by Constantine. Chro. Euseb.* 1.30

Here tooke the Vniuersitie of Paris her beginning, by the [ 790] care of Alenin an English man, who was Charlemaignes maister.* 1.31

Constantine the 11. yeare of his Empire, depriued his mo∣ther of the Imperiall gouernment, and caused all Images to be cast downe in Temples, and raigned aboue 7. yeares. [ 792]

At this time a Sinode was held in Spaine,* 1.32 in a Towne cal-Eliboris or Granado, where were congregated nineteene Bi∣shops, and thirtie sixe Priests. Felix Bishop of Aquitaine, was President there. Amongst other points, there was principally concluded that there should be no Images nor paintings in Churches.

The yeare 793. an other Sinode was held at Francford, by [ 793] the Bishops of Almaigne & Franconia. The Pope Adrian know∣ing this, sent two Bishops, Stephen and Theophilacte, to vrge the Decree made for Images at the Councell of Niece, by the meanes of Hirene. In so much that the Sinode held at Eliboris in Spaine, was at the said Francford condemned. Abb. Ʋrsp.

Seeing now Iesus Christ was left to be portraied by the prea∣ching of his pure word, Images were admitted into the Tem∣ples of Christ: therefore no maruell if so many contentious follow.

Hirene greeued to be depriued of the Empire, by presents, [ 798] sollicited certaine Captaines to kill her sonne. They watched him and put out his eyes, vpon such a day as he had put out the eyes of his Vncle (after Nicephorus) fiue yeares before, then put him in prison, where he deceased fewe dayes after. Hirene then his mother, gouerned alone by the space of three yeares.

Shee also caused to be taken out of his graue the bodie of Constantine the fifth, Father of her dead husband, and made it publikely to be burnt, and the Ashes thereof to be cast into the Sea, because in his life time he had broken Images. This did she at the Instigation of Theodorus Bishop, who fauoured the Pope touching Images. Henry Bullenger.

* 1.33Alcuin, or otherwise Albin, Disciple of Beda the Vene∣rable, Monke, and after Abbot of S. Martin of Tours, Char∣lemaignes maister, made three bookes of the Trinitie, and ma∣ny other bookes. Also the life of S. Vaast Bishop of Arras. Abb. Trit.

* 1.34Charlemaine during his raigne, caused 6. or 7. Councels and Sinodes to be held: whereof fiue, that is to say, at Magunce, Wormes, Rhenes, Tours, & Arles, were assembled against the a∣buses of Ecclesiasticall persons which then were very great, and did much displease the Emperour Charlemaigne.

Ansegisus Abbot of this time, made foure bookes of the Decrees of Charlemaigne, and of his sonne Lewis. Amongst other things, and aboue all, he wold that Bishops should preach to the people the true doctrine drawne out of the holy Scrip∣tures, and not otherwise: Therevpon alleadging the saying of Gregorie. That the Priest which goeth without the care of preaching, lightly, lighteth against himselfe the wrath of the hid Iudge.

He also ordeined that no man should make profession of Monachisme, without demaunding the Kings licence to shun many fraudes. He would fewe Feasts should be ordeined. He repressed the superfluitie of Priests, and ordeined that they should be norished of the Ecclesiastical reuenews with y^e poore.

* 1.35He one day sharply reprehended the Archbishop of Ma∣gunce called Boniface, because he had vsurped a Crosse all co∣uered with gold, and enriched with precious stones, as an Im∣periall Scepter. For occasion thereof being offered in a publike assembly, he said to him in choller; Is it thus you make profes∣sion of the Crosse of Christ? Do you thus feed the flock, being rather in order of an Emperour then a shepheard? An other which on S. Martins euen was made Bishop, and for ioy therof forgetting to come the next day to the Temple, was dismis∣sed by Charlemaigne, saying: What wil he do hereafter, when at first he is so forgetful of his office? Also one other hauing recei∣ued a great benefice, for ioy, being vpon horseback, cast himself downe with great agilitie before the Emperour. To whom the Emperour said: So farre as I see you are an able man, and a good

horseman, I haue need of you: Leaue hardly this benefice to some weaker man. Auentinus the Historiographer in his bookes of the Annales of Bauaria.

We may see by the recitall hereof, that Popes had not that soueraigne power which afterward their successours vsurped. The Emperours called Sinodes, and proposed statutes and de∣crees, and conferred and bestowed benefices.

At Francfort whilest Charlemain wintered there, a Coun∣cell was held, wherin the decree of the Councell of Niece held by Hirene touching Images (as is saide) was declared false, and altogether condemned. And although the Popes Factors, as Vrspergensis and others do passe and dissemble it, yet so is the truth. And that the Pope Adrian sent thither his Embassadors, Stephen and Theophilacte Bishop. There also was condemned the heresie of Felix and Eliphandus, which acknowledged their fault, and asking pardon were restored to their dignities.

Charlemaigne caused a booke to be published in his name, which agrreed with the Articles of the said Councell. Yea and moreouer, he answered two bookes which were found written by Adrian, to Therasius Patriarke, and to the Emperour of Con∣stantinople. By this writing Charlemaigne taxeth, and couertly condemneth Adrian, without naming him Idolater.

There was also a Councel held at Cauaillon, vnder Charlemaigne, wherein amongst other superstitions which were there condemned, that of Pilgrimages in respect of Religion, was sharply repressed in the 45. Canon. Alledging that saying of S. Hierome. Men should not be praised because they haue seene Ieru∣salem, but because they haue liued well.

Leo the third of that name, borne at Rome,* 1.36 after he had re∣ceiued the Papall dignitie, Incontinently sent to Charlemaigne the Keyes of S. Peter, the Ensigne or Gonfanon (as they call it) of the Towne of Rome, with other presents: requiring him that he would doo so much, that the people of Rome might yeeld themselues subiect to the Pope in deliuering him their oath of fidelitie. For he feared the people one day would not stoope vnder his tyrannie.

But Charlemaigne willing to do a thing pleasing Leo,* 1.37 sent a cer∣taine Abbot called Agilbert, who by the Emperours comman∣dement constrained the Romane people to sweare fidelitie to the Pope.

For this cause the people conceiued such an hatred against the Pope, that hauing found some which stirred them more to execute their fury, and to serue them for guides & Cap∣taines: as one day he went a procession, hauing cast him from his horse they spoiled him of his pontificiall apparell, and beat him well. In which tumult none put out his eyes nor cut out his tongue (as the Papists affirme, teaching that straightway he was diuinely healed, by so manifest lies to amplifie his authoritie): but indeed hee was only put in prison in the Monasterie of Saint Erasmus, as Mantuan saith in his fourth booke, des Fastes.

* 1.38Finally, as Charlemaigne came to Rome, the people know∣ing how hee was affectioned towards the Pope, for the feare they had of him, changed the anger they had cōceiued against Leo into fauour, and durst not enterprise to proue the crimes whereof they accused him. After then they had bene exa∣mined touching his life, they cryed all with one voice, That the Apostolike seate ought not to be iudged by a Laie person. By which answere Charlemaigne being appeased, after also that Leo had affirmed by an oath that he was not culpable, he declared him absolued and innocent.

The Pope for these benefites, willing to yeelde some pleasure on Christmas day, assoone as the King was come from the Church, he put the Crowne on his head, and pro∣nounced Charlemaigne Emperour of the Romanes, without that, he had aspired to receiue the Imperiall Crowne. And all the Romane people cryed saying; Life and victorie be to the thrice Christian Charles, alwaies August, Crowned of God; great and peaceable Emperour. And whereas before they vsed to call him by the name of Patrician, he was called Em∣perour: the yeare of his raigned 23. and of our saluation eight hundreth and three.

Hirene Empresse of Constantinople,* 1.39* 1.40 hearing what had beene done at Rome, sent three Embassadors towards Charle∣maigne to confirme the peace. Charlemaigne on his side also sent his Embassadors towards the Empresse for a greater confirma∣tion of peace, demaunding her in marriage; wherevnto she had consented, but for the hinderance by ambushes laid against it: as if she would haue solde the Empire by her marriage to stran∣gers.

Nicephorus then was crowned Emperour,* 1.41 and Hirene cha∣sed away; who passed the rest of her life in exile. Nicephorus sent his Embassadors to Charlemaine,* 1.42 to renew the alliance vp∣on those conditions; That both should be called Augustes and bretheren together: the one of the East, and the other of the West: That in Italie which is on the side beyond Naples,* 1.43 and on the other side beyond Sipont: namely, all that which stretcheth towards the Sea, should belong vnto the Greeke Emperour, and the rest to the French Emperour.

That Ʋenice should be in the middest, and as the limitte and border betwixt those two Empires, and acknowledge the Maiestie of them both. That the Venetians should be subiect neither to the one nor the other, but should vse their owne lawes, and be the friend of both, whether in peace or warre. Some say, that the Emperour after his Coronation said, that if he had knowne the Popes enterprise, he would not that day haue entred into the Church.

Notes

• * 1.1

  Zacharie.
• * 1.2

  Christians slaues.
• * 1.3

  The ambition of Pippin.
• * 1.4

  The King of France depo∣sed and made a Monke.
• * 1.5

  Lachis King of Lombards deposed.
• * 1.6

  Cōstantine the fift.
• * 1.7

  Cōstantine the fift.
• * 1.8

  Sinode in France vnder Pippin.
• * 1.9

  Sinodes each yeare.
• * 1.10

  Paganisme.
• * 1.11

  Seuen Castles
• * 1.12

  Stephen. 2.
• * 1.13

  A Councell at Constanti∣nople against Images.
• * 1.14

  To marry.
• * 1.15

  Stephen.
• * 1.16

  The Exar∣chate giuen to the Pope.
• * 1.17

  Paul.
• * 1.18

  Saints bones taken out of their graues and cast into the sea.
• * 1.19

  Cōstantin. 2.
• * 1.20

  Philippicus an Antepope.
• * 1.21

  Stephen. 3.
• * 1.22

  One Pope condemneth an other.
• * 1.23

  Gloria in ex∣celsis.
• * 1.24

  The warres of Chalemaine.
• * 1.25

  Cōstant. 5. Adrian.
• * 1.26

  The ende of the kingdome of the Lom∣bards.
• * 1.27

  Kissing the Popes feete.
• * 1.28

  Leon. 4.
• * 1.29

  Constantine. the 6.
• * 1.30

  Cōstantine the 6.
• * 1.31

  Erectiō of the Vniuersitie of Paris.
• * 1.32

  Images pro∣hibited. Images for∣bidden in Spaine.
• * 1.33

  Hirene. Adrian.
• * 1.34

  Councells in the time of Charlemain.
• * 1.35

  This was S. Boniface then accoun∣ted the Apo∣stle of Almaigne.
• * 1.36

  Leo. 3.
• * 1.37

  Constantine the 6.
• * 1.38

  Charlemain Emper. 801. the first name of treschristi∣an, the first of Emperours that were Crowned by the Popes.
• * 1.39

  Charlemain.
• * 1.40

  Hirene.
• * 1.41

  Nicephorus.
• * 1.42

  Diuision of the Empire.
• * 1.43

  Accord of diuision.