A short discouerie of the vnobserued dangers of seuerall sorts of ignorant and vnconsiderate practisers of physicke in England profitable not onely for the deceiued multitude, and easie for their meane capacities, but raising reformed and more aduised thoughts in the best vnderstandings: with direction for the safest election of a physition in necessitie: by Iohn Cotta of Northampton Doctor in Physicke.

THE FIRST BOOKE. (Book 1)

CHAP. I.

The Introduction.

THE dignitie and worth of Physicks skill consisteth not (as is imagined commonly) in the excellence and preheminence of re∣medies, but in their wise and prudent vse. It is an ancient true saying, that whole∣some medicines by the hands of the iudi∣cious dispenser, are asa 1.1 Angels of God sent for the good of men; but in the hands of the vnlearned, are messengers of death vnto their farther euill. Good medicines are in themselues excellent instruments of health and life, but re∣quire a learned workeman iudiciously to guide them vnto their destined end. It is order and not confusion, that is euer safe and happie; and knowledge (which worketh by election, andb 1.2 true reason, and not rash boldnesse, which doth good by chancec 1.3 and vncertaine euent) that is the light and safe guide of vnderstanding mindes. Who know∣eth not how muchd 1.4 opportunity aduanceth in all per∣formances? how descreete obseruation of smalleste 1.5 cir∣cumstances aduantageth? how wise and learnedf 1.6 cuncta∣tion, and sometimes anticipation, make fortunate an acti∣on? Who seeth not in euerie dayes experience, how ne∣cessarie it is by a mature and iudicious eye to foresee in all attemps the after vnauoydableg 1.7 hinderances? Who discer∣neth not that without prudent circumspection and proui∣dent forecast, blinde rashnesse and ignorance do alwaies

hazard, & oft vnrecouerably ouerthrow all good successe. Through want of knowledge to mistakeh 1.8 time, is losse of labor and of time. Ignorant slownesse doth come too late, and rash haste doth stumble: he that knoweth not the dan∣ger, doth easily runne vpon the rocke. Thus is it easie for the vnlearned to erre, and those that want vnderstanding to fall into the snare. If then all enterprises prosper by wise aduice, & it is wisedome in matters of meanest moment to consult with a wise and iudicious friend, in cases of health and life certainly euery man is not a sufficient counsellor. He that considereth the multitude of causes in diseases, their infinite kindes, manners, and natures, the varietie of accidents, their sodaine and variable mutations, the soone lost occasions, and hardly gainedi 1.9 opportunities, the wise∣dome which circumstances require, the care and vigilance which the subiect exacteth, the doubts which repugnan∣ces bring, the resolutions which necessities vrge; shall find the most exquisite powers of vnderstanding, iudgement, wit, discretion, and learning herein exactly sifted. From the varietie ofk 1.10 causes of diseases, what varying differences arise in the manner, quantity, qualitie, and times of reme∣dies: euery one requiring a separate and distinct respect and dispensation, euen in the same disease and person? The immediate cause from the mediate, the antecedent from the continent, the necessarie from the casuall and contin∣gent, require both a diuers handling, and also a distinction in order of handling: neither is there a like consideration of the externall and internall, the positiue, the priuatiue, the materiall, the immateriall, those that are single and alone, and those that are ioyntly and with others. Some∣times many causes are coincident in one effect, sometimes many diseases from one cause. Sometimes the same cause receiueth a difference from it selfe, and exacteth an exact difference in his owne remedies. Sometime the same cause is so farre vnlike it selfe that it seemeth not it selfe, being either more then it selfe in quantity, or a monster tol 1.11 it selfe in malignant quality. As causes & diseases (according

to their causes:) so no lesse materiall are accidents to be distinctly knowne and considered. Some of them bring m 1.12 certaine knowledge, some artificiall coniecture, some matter of presumption and probability. Some are mani∣fest, some anxious and ambiguous, some significant by themselues, some consignificant with others. Some are of vertue in singularitie, some in multitude: some are conside∣red as signes and causes, some as neither, some as both. Some accidents go before the disease, some accompany, some follow after. Ordinarily the disease doth draw all at∣tendance vnto it selfe, sometimes then 1.13 accident doth ob∣scure the disease. Some accidents alone are ciphers, but ad∣ded vnto other make vp a iust account; some prognosti∣cate, some iudicate, some are idle: some iudicate the con∣stitution of the sicke, some the humour, some the diseased part, some the disease it selfe, and some the issue. Some∣times diseases are discouered by no signes at all, but by an exact and exquisiteo 1.14 disquisition of a sound andp 1.15 solert iudgement. So that according to the kindes, places, cour∣ses, changes and courses of accidents, varie significations, iudications and prognostications, and follow safe admini∣stration and application of apt remedies, vnto the more speedyq 1.16 benefite of the sicke, facilitie of cure, and securitie of after health. Diseases, their causes and circumstances wisely distinguished and knowne, do point a discreete knowing workman to a more certaine issue; without which as the beginning of cure must necessarily be rash, so must the end be doubtlesly vncertaine. Hence it must needs be apparent, that by the common neglect and igno∣rance herein, the monopolizing of cures vnto the prero∣gatiue of this or that secret, and thereby the contempt of the due permutation of medicines, according to requisite circumstances and necessities, and the omission & reiecti∣on of the wholesome administratiō of the generallr 1.17 reme∣dies (without which the particular are vaine and preposte∣rous)

do commonly turne to the common perdition of most valetudinary men. From hence also it doth come to passe, that many disea••es, beyond their owne nature, and besides the constitution of the sicke, grow so commonly, so easily rooted, and vnobseruedly confirmed in mens bo∣dies, that oft they can neuer haue end, which by due or∣dering should neuer haue had beginning. Hence grow so frequent the multitude of strange and vnnaturall chan∣ges, and new fashions of fits, euen through the too com∣mon vse of wholesome remedies in vulgar and prophane hands. For through this presumption, either by idle tri∣fling and vaine flattery of ease, dangerous diseases quick∣ly & in short time grow too proud for any medication: or else in the others 1.18 extreme, by too much haste and violence are hunted out of their owne course,t 1.19 and so metamor∣phize themselues into wilde and vnaccustomed shapes. Hence likewise it cometh to passe, that diseases in their owne kind easie and of small continuance, by the wrong and iniury of remedies (without aduice admitted and ce∣lebrated) are not onely extended, to a lingring age of ma∣ny daies: but from daies to weekes, from weekes to yeares, yea oft vnto a longer life then the sicke himselfe, after him inheriting his children and posteritie. It is a verified and true saying, Worse are the bad after-consequences of ill applied medicines, then diseases themselues. Although this be often apparent, euen vnto the common sence of vulgar sight, yet much more infinite are the impeachments and ruines of health by the learned seene and discouered dai∣ly, whereof a common eye is notu 1.20 capable; while vnper∣ceiued mischiefes stealinglyx 1.21 & insensibly enter with vn∣priuiledged remedies, and by some present benefite or ease for a time, gayning credit and entertainement, by litle and litle secretly vndermine the verie frame and foundation of life. We may instance in Tobacco: with what high fame and great renowne was it at his first arriuall here in Eng∣land entertained as an incomparable iewell of health, and an vniuersall antidote and supersedeas against the force,

and capias of all diseases, euery man with the smoke there∣of in his nosthrils, breathing the prayles and excellencies thereof in his mouth? But now hath not time and many a mans wofull experience giuen testimonie to right reason and iudgement, from the first suspecting, and vntill this prouing time suspending the too great name thereof? Is not now this high blased remedy manifestly discouered▪ through intemperance and custome, to be a monster of many diseases? Since the riotous vse of this strange Indi∣an, let it be noted how many strange & before vnknowne diseases haue crept in vnnaturally, besides the former cu∣stome and nature of the nation, prouing now naturall and customary to the follies of the nation. Is it not apparent that the aire of this vapor and smoke by the subtility ther∣of, doth sodainly search all parts with a generall distresse oft times to nature? And is it not thence probable, that by aduantage in the weakest, it may oft leaue behinde it (es∣pecially where it is any time vsed) such impression and print, besides painefull distention through his inclosed va∣pour, that no time of life, no remedies, oft times, are euer after able to bloty 1.22 out? And frō this Nicotian fume grow now adaies, doubtlesly, many our frequent complaints, and euerie day new descriptions ofz 1.23 paines, according haply to the diuersitie and difference of the parts it chief∣ly affecteth, or the more or lesse extreme vse thereof. And men haply led by some present bewitching feeling of ease, or momentarie imagined release from paine at some time, hereby vnaduisedly with such meanes of their ease, drinke into some weake parts, such seede of future poison, as hauing giuen them for a time supposed pleasing ease, doth for time to come secretly and vnfelt settle in their bones and solid parts, a neuer dying disease (while they liue.) How many famous patrons and admirers of this simple, haue senselesly died in the very time of the idle vse

thereof, while it yet smoked in their teeth? and others li∣uing in the immoderatea 1.24 burning loue therein, haue with the fierie zealous gluttonie thereof (as the badge of his mastership in thē) sensibly stupefied & dried vp their euer after, foolish and besotted braines? I might giue other in∣stance in these well knowne and vulgar remedies of the named French disease, which by a present benumming of the sense, cousining, and easing of paine, do withall, for after time, inure and leaue behinde them such a rottennes, and weaknesse ofttimes of the bones and sinewes, as suffe∣reth few of our Mercurials to liue, to knowb 1.25 their age in health, especially who throughly knew the siluer-salue in their youth. Hence toward declining age (if not before) some fall into consumptions and marasmes, some lose their teeth, some haue the palate of the mouth rotted, some the very bones of their head eaten, some by conuulsions their mouthes and faces set awry. And it is ordinary with most of this sort, long before haruest to leaue no grasse grow vpon their paued tops. I do not altogether condēne these smoakes, but feare their fire, and with the Ancients sparingly commend their kinde of remedies, knowing their pernicious danger in their ignorant and rash ouervse, with their singular seruice in some rare exigents, God and nature haply leauing a sting and poyson in them, for their too common vitious neede and custome. I might here yet farther insist in all other diseases, how the vse of the most excellent, proper, and apt remedies being vnaptly appli∣ed, either too little or tooc 1.26 much, too soone or too late, before their season or after, in some cases at any time, or in any maner, bring in corrigible and helpeles harmes, being in their owne natured 1.27 harmeles, but in their vnskilfull vse pernicious and mortall. It is apparent in all mysteries and faculties whatsoeuer, that the excellencie of the toole without the excellencie of the workeman, doth not bring forth excellencie in the workmanship. Hence it must

needes come to passe, that medicines though wholesome in themselues, and of a sauing and soueraigne power, with∣out any touch of harmefull quality at all, yet being igno∣rantly or indiscreetly out of time or place disposed or dis∣pensed, must likewise bring forth mischiefe, in steade of expected good. And although many hardened by custome vnto a boldnes of trāsgressing in this kind, prouoke oft re∣uenge of their follie, (for a time without harme or punish∣ment) yet do they not alwayes escape: for though happe oft passe by, it lights ate 1.28 last, and not seldome heauily. Cassia is esteemed for a delicate, wholesome and harmelesse lenitiue vnto old men, children, babes, women with child, and the weakest amongst the sicke; yet the learned know it in somef 1.29 cases not onely vnprofitable, but of maine mis∣chiefe. Rhabarb is said to be the life of the liuer, yet in some conditions thereof it is ang 1.30 enemie; And for the generall remedies, phlebotomy, purging, vomite, sweating, bathing and the like, reason and experience daily giue demonstra∣tion, that oft in the same body, and the same disease, they are variablie, sometime necessary, sometimes profitable not necessary, sometimes neither profitable nor necessary, but accursed. Sometimes bleeding doth ventilate and re∣fresh the spirits aboue, and beyond all other remedies, and is the onely key vnto health; sometimes againe it doth ex∣haust and spend their vigour, sometime being both profi∣table and necessary, yet vsed out of time or quantity doth no good, or vsed vnseasonably doth much hurt. Purgatiōs in some estates withh 1.31 preparatiues, and in some without i 1.32 preparatiues are harmefull: in some eitherk 1.33 with prepa∣ratiues, or withoutl 1.34 preparatiues they are necessary and neuer to be omitted. And as there is infinite danger in er∣rour and ignorant dispensation, so is there vnspeakable good in the prudent prescription according to the nature, quality and seate of each humor; according to which it is wisdome sometimes to quicken, sometimes to alay, some∣times to hasten, sometimes to moderate their effects, dis∣creete stayes oft making more speedy iourneys.m 1.35 Vomits

in some diseases are altogether banished and not admit∣ted, and in some contrariwise they haue onely priuiledge. The like may be said of outward remedies, plaisters, vn∣guents, cereclothes, fomentations, and baths, which also according to wise and discreete administration, or a rash and heedlesse abuse, are good or euill. And this is the rea∣son, that so many famous and renowned remedies now a∣daies bring forth effects vnworthy themselues; for (being with such dissolute licenciousnesse euery where and in all places permitted to breake forth, out of the prudent awe of vnderstandings guidance) how shall they choose but become wild and irregular in the hands of vnskilfull raines that want true art, and the methode of their right dispen∣sation? There is no place nor person ignorant with what confusion of good order (either by abuse of immunities, or impunitie, ill prouision, or ill execution of good lawes) through all parts of this kingdome, all sorts of vile people and vnskilfull persons without restraint, make gainefull traffique by botching in physicke; and hereby (besides ma∣ny wicked practises, iuglings, cousinages & impostures, which maske vnespied vnder the colour and pretence of medicining) numbers of vnwotting innocents daily in thrall, and betray themselues, their liues and safetie, to su∣staine the riot, lusts and lawlesse liuing of their enemies & common homicides. It is a world to see what swarmes a∣bound in this kinde, not onely of Taylors, Shoemakers, Weauers, Midwiues, Cookes, and Priests, but Witches, Coniurers, Iuglers, and Fortune-tellers. It were a wrong to exempt any that want wit or honestie in a whole coun∣try, yea and many that haue too much of either, must be priuiledged by an old prouerbe, to be Physitions, because it is no manners to call them fooles. And hereby not one∣ly the simple and vnlettered, but oft times men of better sort and qualitie, casting their eyes vpon some attempts of these barbarous medicine-mongers, (good oft in their e∣uent) and not considering the dangerousnesse of such ha∣bite and custome, desirously oft times entertaine the mes∣sengers

and ministers of vnrecouerablen 1.36 miserie vnto their after life. For as in militarie designes, oft times a bold and foole-hardy enterprise aboue and besides reason, and beyond expectation, produceth an excellent and admired good in the happie issue, yet is it not commended, or in any case permitted (as being verie dangerous) in ordinarie practise or custome of warfare: so likewise diuers euents of medicines proue good, whose bold vse and rash pre∣scription is dangerous and vnskilfull. I do not onely here∣in pittie the meane capacitie, but wonder also at the mad∣nesse of men in their wits, who in other kinds of know∣ledge reuerend, yet herein, with desire of life, seeme oft to haue so little care of their liues. It is strange to obserue how few in these dayes know, and how none almost la∣bour to know with election and according to reason, or reasonable likelihood, to bestow in cases of their liues the trust and care of their crased healths, but for the most part wanting a right notice of a iudicious choice, take counsel either of common report which is a common lier, or of priuate commendations, which are euer partiall. The vnmindfulnesse hereof, and the more minde of mindlesse things, do steale from men the minds of men. Hence eue∣ry where preposterous intrusion doth disorder the right and propriety of euery thing, and the generall forgetfulnes of that which to euerie one is most pertinent, doth beget an itching businesse in that which to euerie one is most impertinent; and selfe conceited and presuming ignorance doth pricke forward rash spirits to become more bold & busie, then modestie doth permit discreete mindes, sober∣ly limited within their owne bounds. This is the cause, that vnwottingly to the poore patient, vnwittingly to the vn∣skilfull workeman, and generally for the most part vnob∣serued of all, is the thread of many a mans life ordinarily, by vnskilfull hands intangled in such inextricable knots of sicknesse, paines and death, as no time nor art are euer able to vnfold. Vnproper remedies are for the most part worse then diseases, and vnlearned Physitions of all bad causes

of diseases themselues the worst. That therefore men con∣tinue not in this generall confusion (through voluntarie ignorance, euer ignorantly vnfortunate) it is not a need∣lesse learning, more studiously to know and discerne o 1.37 good from ill, and ill from good, beginning with the last first.

CHAP. II.

Of the Empericke.

RIghta 1.38 reason and trueb 1.39 experience are two the sole inseparable instruments of all humane knowledge: the Empericke tru∣sting vnto experience alone without rea∣son, and the Methodian vnto the abuse of right reason; the Ancients haue deuided all sorts of erronious Physitions into these twoc 1.40. For ignorant experience and without reason, is a falsed 1.41 sense, and mistaking reason is deniall of reason. As therefore vn∣to these two, other ages before, so we now may reduce all the faultie practitioners of our time, beginning with the Empericke. The Empericke is he who reiectethe 1.42 the dis∣quisition of diseases and remedies, their causes, natures & qualities according to iudgement and vnderstanding, and the carefull perpension and ballancing of his action and practise vnto a iust proportion with reason; but onely in∣formeth himselfe by such things as oft appeare euident & manifest vnto sense and experimentall proofe, carrying his heart and vnderstanding (for the most part) in his hands and eyes, taking nothing sure but what he sees or handles;

and from the differing maners of experience, are numbred seuerall and diuers kindsf 1.43 of experience. The defect in the Empericke hence appeareth to be want of true methode & the habite of right operation and practise according to reason, (which is art) through which defect his actions must needs oft be reasonlesse,g 1.44 and by consequent as blind in their intention, so likely to be foolish in their issue and execution. For there must needs be in all actions want of much more necessary knowledge then sense and experi∣ence canne aduance vnto: and experience must needes witnesse against it selfe, that the longest age of experience doth nothing so fully furnish and instruct in many things, as much more speedily doth prudent inuention; which though occasioned and helped by bookes and reading, which are both keyes vnto all knowledge, and also rich storehouses of experiences, not onely of one age and countrie, but of all times & nations; yet do they only glut the sense with stories of experiences past, but reason and iudgement truly enrich the mind, and giue daily new in∣crease and light in before vntried & vnexperienced truths. Indeede particular experience, if it be accompanied with vnderstandingh 1.45 and right reason (which is the touch∣stone of truth and right in nature) establisheth and confir∣meth knowledge; but if experience be no more but expe∣rience, it must needes proue in many cases a slow guide to lame instruction. For as it is with the souldier in the field, let his owne speciall experience in armes be neuer so anci∣ent, so true, so sound, yet without a more generalli 1.46 vnder∣standing or theorie, and a more enlarged knowledge then his particular and limited experience can bring forth, he must be lamely fitted vnto many suddaine and oft before vnseene occurrents, which the perpetuall mutabilitie and change of circumstances in warfare must needes pro∣duce. The field, the enemie, the time (not alwaies the same) require a diuers and oft a contrarie consultation, designe and manner, wherein one particular experience by it selfe cannot but be much wanting, because the same

thing or actiō seldome or neuer happens againe the same in all circumstances; & one circumstancek 1.47 alone cōmonly altereth the whole cōdition. As it is in military affaires, so is it in the assaults of diseases, where the fight & wrestling of nature is not alway in the same part, nor in the same forme or maner, nor with the same disease, nor of the same period: all which circumstances in the same subiect cannot happen alwaies to anie sight or sense the same, (which maketh experience) yet are euer present in the generall notions of the vnderstanding, whereby the prudent and wise man doth make supplie though experience faile. Besides the differences which circumstances make, many diseases in themselues and their owne kinde are such as are scarce seene in a mansl 1.48 life, some in many yeares, some in an age, some in many generations; & therein how can experience giue prescription for those things whereof it hath not had experience? for experience is of thingsm 1.49 oft seene. If then the same things be in all circumstances seldome or neuer seene, and some at sometime seene which a life or age shall not see againe, and there can be no true experience where there is not sight and sense, how blinde an helpe must oft experience be? Doth not euerie day bring forth somewhat new or strange vnto the day, and worthy denomination of the day? The French, Spanish, Neapolitane, Italian disease was a stranger sometime in old Albion, which now is an English denison. The Scorbut not maine yeares since was vnnamed of writers; now commonly knowne vnto a common eye. The English sweatingn 1.50 sicknesse very sel∣dome (if more then once) here seene, nor at all, or at least not oft elsewhere. To wander yet farther into some more wonder, Ruland with other reporteth a tooth of gold na∣turally o 1.51 growing with the common ranke in the mouth of a child: Holleriusp 1.52 witnesseth a child in the wombe to thrust forth the hand at the nauill of the mother, and so continuing the space of fifteene daies, in the end the child borne liuing, and the mother saued. Brasauolusq 1.53 mē∣tioneth his cure of a soludier who liued after 3 yeares, ha∣uing

almost halfe his head cut away with a portion of his braines, onely thereby losing his sense and memory, neuer eating nor hauing memorie to require at any time to eate, but as it was put into him; nor redeliuerage at the po∣sternes, but insensiblie. Albucasis knew in his time a womā carrying one dead child in her wombe, notwithstanding to conceiue and quicken of another, the dead child in the meane season rotting and falling away by parcels at seueral times. But to passe these and many the like infinite recei∣ued vpon credite and report, my selfe haue met some acci∣dents in my owne practise, & for the most part within the space of these eight last yeares, worth their memorie. In the yeare 1608. an ancient gentlemanr 1.54 being neither sicke nor much pained, and onely molested with a cough and shortnesse of wind (from which his health was neuer free) requested my aduice for the preuention of the in∣crease of the former accidents (in which also he found, vn∣to the generall seeming vnto his owne sense and some o∣ther learned counsaile, very chearfull and comfortable a∣mendement) my selfe onely suspecting and signifying vnto his friends my despaire. Betweene his pulses on the right side and the left in generall manifestly appeared a wonde∣red ods, so continuing the space of 12. or 14. daies toge∣ther. On the left side no positions 1.55 of touch, no search could finde any pulse at all. On the right side the pulses were con∣stantly & continually, as in his best health, manifest, strong, equall, in good order, with full distentiō vnto all the dimē∣sions. In the same parts where the pulses on the other side seemed dead, all other faculties perfectly liued in naturall heate, color, vigour, sense & motiō. This was thē witnessed by certaine honorable gentle women present, whō well vn∣derstanding & more then sufficiēt for such a taske, I therto intreated, & it cold by no sense be denied. It was imagined by some learned dissenting frō my first howres dislike, that it was no other but an imperceptibilitiet 1.56 of his pulse, and without danger, as supposed vsuall vnto him in his health by reason of diuers deepe wounds tenne yeares before re∣ceiued

vpon that side. My experience of the contrarie oft in his former health, and also in diuers other his sicknesses, confirmed by owne doubt, & death which determineth all things, sodainly and vnexspectedly determined this, in so faire a visard so many dayes deceiuing many. In the yeare 1604. my paines was solicited vnto a vertuous Lady ho∣norably both in her Knight, and her selfe allied, and no lesse eminent in their owne worth, then lying neare Graf∣ton in Northampton shire. I found her left by a former u 1.57 Physition to verifie his prediction by her death. She was miserably perplexed with the doubtfull deliuery of a dan∣gerously begunne abortion, her owne strength failing, and the ordinarie assistance of women in those cases shrinking from her, and a deepe die of a mixt and diuers coloured iaundies, with extreme paines of her stomacke (giuing no rest nor intermission) adding feare and sorrow; the sub∣stance also of her vrine continually troubled, confusedly thicke, the colour altogether resembling the strained iuice of the grenest hearbe. In the terrour of her abortion my indeuour proued vnto her speedily happy and succesfull. Afterward according vnto the second indication from the iaundies (necessity vrging, and her strength then fauouring the worke) I commanded her to bleede in the arme; which done with good ease and felicitie, nature, in spite of all in∣deuour to the contrarie, kept the orifice after still open, running daily and continually the space of three weekes together, and then healing and closingx 1.58 it selfe with her perfect amendment. At the same time (a sodaine sharpe paine giuing a speciall distinct sense thereof) she disbur∣thened of a round white hard stone full of little holes, that part which giueth the name and seate vnto the Co∣like. In the yeare 1607. a youngy 1.59 woman of 30 yeares age, with another graue gentlewoman accompanying her, came vnto me requiring aduice in her wondered estate and condition. The skin or membrane of her belly (from the nauill downeward withered, dead, and gathered toge∣ther, in likenesse of a rotten bladder or a wet leather bag,

and in that forme falling flagge from the former close set∣ting vnto the guts and bellie) lay continually loose vnto the one side. In the yeare 1601. a barbersz 1.60 boy of North∣hamptō auoided wormes, besides other ordinary passages, bya 1.61 vrine. In the yeare 1600. a shoomaker of Northamp∣ton sometime a bayliffe of the towne, falling dangerously sick, called my counsell together with an Empericke. The other accused the hypochondriaca passio, my selfe made knowne my suspition of an abscession in the bulke: vaine hope gaue credite to that it rather desired, and the patient trusted himselfe with the other. Shortly after he was sur∣prised with sodaine frequent swoundings & feare of im∣minent suffocation, but by cough and spitting escaped, and with wonder in short space filled diuers largeb 1.62 basins with foule purulent stuffe (one paroxysme at once, some∣time before intermission, making vp the said measure.) In this feare and terrour vnto himselfe and the beholders, he earnestly sued, and againe obtained my aduice. He perfect∣ly recouered (the purulent collection after thec 1.63 40 day exhaust) and he yet liueth freed 1.64 from the sequeles of any other manifest disease or danger. In the yeare 1607. a womane 1.65 vexed with a palpitation of her heart, to∣gether with an oft intermission of her pulse, by an in∣ward presention mouing from a so daine troubled agitati∣on of her minde, would vsually vnto my selfe (with others present) foretell when her pulse should stand and intermit, sometimes two, sometimes three or foure pulsations, be∣fore the intermission. The pulse in theiust knowne number and time did euer keepe time with her prediction, her∣selfe nor then nor euer wotting how to feele a pulse by her hand or touching. She in this manner continued by vncertaine fits and times the space of 2 mon••ths or thereabouts, while sometime myselfe resorted vnto her,

being for that and other accidents by her husband called & consulted. It is reported vnto me by diuers well know∣ing gentlewomen, and others of good worth, that af 1.66 wo∣man dwelling within a mile of Northamptō was brought to bed first of one childe, and within twenty weekes after of another, quickening of the latter the same day shee was churched of the first. It is testified by many now inhabi∣tants of Northampton, that from within the wombe of a woman with child (then dwelling in the towne) her child was audibly heard to cry, vnto her owne amazement, and the wonder of diuers hearers of credite & vnderstanding. Anno 1610 a woman of Northamptong 1.67 shire being with child and growing neare the time of her deliuery, was extraordinarily diuers dayes pained in the bellie an inch distant from the nauill, vntill at length diuers wormes, each equalling in length a quarter of an ell, sodainly at two distant places did eate themselues a passage through the skinne of her bellie; and so came forth and gaue her ease. A gentlewoman my late patient, and now dwelling in Northampton, reporteth vnto me frō her owne sight with many other eye witnesses; that among her owne children a male child, being then fiue weekes of age, a fortnight to∣gether had the breasts full of milke, as readily & plentiful∣ly flowing and spouting out milke as the breasts of a suck-giuing nurse. These few instances are sufficient to proue the like contingence of other the like, which other times in other manner, may and do oft bring forth. Neither is euer nature so great a niggard (though not to euery eye alike bountifull) but euery day almost may pose bare and naked experience. He therefore that seeth not but with his eyes of his owne experience; where he hath no experience, hath no eyesh 1.68, and therefore there is blind and cannot see. Since then many things fall out beyond the compasse of experience, which by experience make experince blind, how then where are no eyes shall an Empericke borrow eyes?* 1.69 It is againe answered, Though the Empericke haply haue not seene the same with that which seldome, or once

onely doth happe, yet very seldome hath he, not oft, or at least sometime seene the* 1.70 like, and thence vnto the like he fits the like disposing. But with the wise the like is much vnlike thei 1.71 same. Their confusion is onely proper vnto the foole, and the dangerous issue his deserued punish∣ment. It is a chiefe point in all learnings truly to discene k 1.72 betweene differing similitudes and like differences. Ma∣ny accidents commonly fall out seeming like, yet haue no affinitie; and againe in shew the same, yet indeede contra∣rie. Contraries haue oft in many things likenesse, and like∣nesse contrarieties easilie deceiuing the vnwotting and vnleamed. It is therefore of no small moment or conse∣quence for a Physition truly by a discerning eye to put iust difference. This he that cannot do, must either through the deceiuablenesse of likenesses confound repugnant re∣medies, (which cannot be without great harme and ha∣zard of life and health) or by mistaking parities for impa∣rities disioyne helpes better vnited, which cannot be with∣out both hinderance and hurt vnto the sicke, their safetie and securitie. Many diseases ofttimes so liuely mocke one the other, that a good eye may easily deceiue it selfe. The vlcers of the baldder and the reynes, a mole and a true conception, a ruptu••e and a relaxation, plurisies and some kindes of inflammations of the liuer; the Colike and some other kinde of the same inflammations, diuers kinds ofl 1.73 consumptions according to diuersm 1.74 feauers with infinite more in their intricate ambiguities, dissemble themselues and deceitfully resemble one the other, much thereby oft times perplexing the best vnderstanding. Som∣times the most vnlike will put on likenesse, and the most like weare contrarietie. What more vnlike then death and life, death to life, and life to death? Yet sometimes life ap∣peareth in the shape of death, terrifying the beholders with frightfull shewes of inquietude & anxietie, deliqua∣tion, sodaine and violent euacuations and exagitations n 1.75 of the whole body,n 1.76 when the healthfull crisis is at hand,

and the victorie of nature in the masterie of her enemie the disease. And sometimes death cometh smiling in a visar of life with cheerefulnesse and ouer-pleasing lightsome∣nesse, when the last houre is now already runne,n 1.77 and the Sun for euer setting. Hence the vnconsiderate and vnlear∣ned to distinguish, are easily induced, sometimes by vaine hope deceiued to physicke death, sometime too fearefully despairing with exequious offices to comber life and the recouerie of death.* 1.78 Hence are oft sound parts vexed with needelesse remedïes, and the comforts of lifeo 1.79 imprisoned for an vntimely death. It is now the sixth yeare since I was solicited for a woman by the opinion of the dysenterie or abrasion of her guts, miserably held for the space almost of a quarter of an yeare vnto the continuall vse of euery∣day-glysters and other astringent medicines, vntill it was my fortune coming vnto her, by good reason to discouer the supposed membranous deiections to be nothing else but skinnes of wormes, which first dead, after putrified & dissolued into small parcels descended with some torment in the similitude of little skinnes. The skinnes being found it was an easie matter by a new warrant to fetch the skin∣ners, whose thereto appearance confessed the euidence, & gaue the suspition of the dysentery for euer after free dis∣charge and perfect deliuery. In this one instance he that is wise may conceiue many more without number, which therfore as vnnecessary and troublesome I will not farther here trouble or awake now sleeping with time past. In these like cases, sometimes the best perfectionp 1.80, the ri∣pest vnderstanding doth and may mistake. And therefore the ignorant Empericke who professeth confusion and vseth no light, or helpe of iudgment or reason at all, but the onelyq 1.81 sense of his owne experience, how shall he do otherwise, but oft and continually mistake manifoldly much more? And thus we haue briefly discouered the Empericke in matters requiring extraordinarie counsell, ignorant, in cases of his best experienced knowledge yet vnto some circumstances vnfurnished, in many matters

of substance altogether vnexpert, in rare accidents and be∣fore vnseene at a maze, in true & right discerning wanting the eye of right reason, in confounding things differing, & in separating things in their owne nature inseparable, dā∣gerous. Now as we haue pointed out the Empericke him∣selfe, so it remaineth that with him and in him, we note all that by institution, educatiō, tradition, instruction, or stolne obseruatiō deriue their rule, example & custome from him. In this number are all that vsually professe thēselues in con∣fidence of their choyce secrets and excellent medicines, commanders & maisters of all diseases. Such also are they who in all places proclaime open defiance against all mala∣dies, & with vehement remedies vpon euery light occasi∣sion needelesly, & vnprouoked (if diseases presently cānot away) either fire them out or pull their hold about their eares, with the fall of the disease needelesly hazarding the diseased. Oft times a good euent may authoritse it for skill, & their friendly offer call it good will; but their kinde care is too oft seene and proued a keene weapon to wound their friend, and the sicke are nor seldome oppressed with being so loued. I would it were a slander in these dayes, that good will and excellent medicines put to death more liues then open murther. For as the most complete ar∣mour, engins, and forts of warre, the excellent munition and rich prouision vnto a man without knowledge to mannage them, are but instruments without life, vntill some better skill put life into them: so good medicines being the Physitions instruments and weapons, either de∣fensiue for nature, or offensiue against the forces of disea∣ses, in other hands then his must needes proue as but dead in themselues, so ofttimes deadly vnto others. To square and leuill their right vse requireth more vnderstanding then is to be found in reasonlesse medicines, or yet their senselesse maisters. For as in all other affaires, where knowledge, prudence, and discretionr 1.82 haue prerogatiue, the attempt is commendable, and the issue likely to be happy; so also in cases of health, wherin wise & iudicious

dispensation, or in rash & erroneous, the vertue and effica∣cy of medicines doth liue, or die in vse and power. It is strange notwithstanding in these dayes to behold, with what senselesse madnesse, men are become worshippers of medicines: and so great ofttimes is their idolatrous folly herein, that (as if they had gotten some rare good in a boxe, I meane some rare secret) they presently inflamed with the furie and opinion thereof, dare vpon the consused notice of a disease commend with as sacred secrecie and in∣tolerable vsurped titles of infallible, absolute, and irresi∣stable vertue & force, as if any particular excellencie were able to coniure the generall casualty whereunto all earth∣ly things must needes* 1.83 be subiect. For God hath set downe a law of mutability and changeablenesse to all things;* 1.84 created according to diuersitie of circumstances, by which all things vnder heauen are continually altered, changed, and gouerneds 1.85. There is no creature, medicine ort 1.86 herbe that hath any such boundles or infinite power as to keepe the same inchangeable or infallibe, but there shall be a di∣uers and manifold consideration andu 1.87 coaptation of the same thing. There can be no endeauor, meanes, way, or in∣strument of neuer so complete perfection or tried proofe directed to what effect, issue or end soeuer, that receiueth not ordinarilyx 1.88 impediment, opposition, and contradicti∣on, whereby those things which in themselues might hap∣ly seeme certaine and good by accident and circumstance, are againe very vncertainey 1.89 and euill. All ignorants there∣fore whatsoeuer (such are whosoeuer are not Artists) had they for all diseases the most choyce and excellent medi∣cines knowne euen vnto God and nature, aboue and be∣yond all knowledge of men, yet except therewith they know their due dispensation, they cannot but peruert their right vse, be they neuer so soueraigne. The generallz 1.90 re∣medies against the common causes of diseases ordained, except first rightly administred, shall continually and ne∣cessarily forestall and hinder the good and benefite from any particular. There are no materiall diseases wherein

the common remedies are not requisite. Such are phlebo∣tomy, purgation, vomite, and the like. And wheresoeuer these are requisite, if they be not rightly administred, all other medicines be they neuer so excellent and incompa∣rable, must needs lose their excellent and incomparable vse. And none can rightly dispence the generall remedies, but those that are more generally learned then the best acquaintance and familiarity which particular medicines can afforde. From hence it cannot but be manifest, how infinitely blinde good will and zeale do herein daily erre to the destruction of many. It were happy if at length the common inconuenience and publike scandall might beget a law, and law bring forth restraint. For illustration of that which hath bin said, it were indifferent to instance in any disease, but I will make choyce of some few onely, to satisfie for all. It is an ordinarie custome in those daies with women to giue medicines for the greene sicknesse; & other stoppages in young women. In which practise if it so happen that no inward impediment frustrate the inde∣uour, they casually ofttimes do seeming present good, and blaze the excellencie of their medicine: but if ofttimes (which they cannot distinguish or obserue) the generall cause of the obstruction be not first by the generall reme∣dy remoued or diminished, or the immediate cause setled within the stopped parts, be not first fitted and prepared to yeeld, all their medicines of neuer so great force, yea though commonly as strong as steele or iron, do not onely no good or small good, but ofttimes incorrigible hurt and mischiefes neuer after able to be reformed, or by the most learned counsell to be redressed; while from the plenty or ill disposition of humors in the body these searching and piercing medicines carry with them into the stopped parts either more or worse matter then was before, and thereby there leaue a disease which shall neuer after die except by exchange for a more pernicious. In the common knowne disease of the stone likewise many and famous medicines are at this day in many common hands, and perhaps truly

celebrated; yet if sometimes bleedinga 1.91 haue not a first place, (namely where is present or imminent danger of inflamation of the reines) sometimes if vomit be omitted (namely where the stomacke is stopt and full, & vnto eue∣ry thing impenitrable,) sometimes if glysters or lenitiues be not premised, (namely where the fulnesse of the belly doth presse the passages, the bladder and the vreters) all o∣ther excellent medicines whatsoeuer for the stone do not onely in vaine exasperate the disease, but hazard the party much more then the omission of meanes. Likewise in a continuall feauer, if sometimes present and immediate o∣pening of theb 1.92 veine without delay or intermission haue not precedence, all other meanes are not onely preposte∣rous but pernicious. Likewise in the small pocks, a disease so well knowne and common to children and other: what∣soeuer other fit and good medicines and Cordinals be ad∣ministred, sometimes if bloud-letting go not beforec 1.93 their breaking out, sometimes if not vsedd 1.94 after, all other good meanes are frustrate. And at another time if there be any bleeding at all, it is hazard, danger, and death it selfe. There are no medicines so commonly well knowne as such as are euery where in vse, and at euery mans hand prouided for the paines and diseases of the stomacke, and for that vse haply speciall good; yet ofttimes we see how long and vainely those meanes without benefite are applied, vntill the true cause by a generall remedy be haply remoued, and that remedy perhaps the most vnlikely in a common iudgement, and seldome in common practise, prescript or custome vsed for that purpose. When all other trials are waste and lost in this case, and paine doth nothing stoupe, sometime the opening onely of a veinee 1.95 in the arme,e 1.96 be∣ing reckoned amonst the most vnusuall and commonly harmefull for that vse, doth prooue the sole helpfull re∣fuge

and author of case. And as in this case is sometime said of bleeding, so at another time may be said of purging and vomite. In the apoplexie sometime bleedingf 1.97 is pre∣sent death, sometime the onelyg 1.98 hope of life. In pestilent feauers and in the plague it selfe, all the most choyce Cor∣dials and Antidotes are made frustrate, sometime by h 1.99 bleeding, sometime fori 1.100 want of bleeding. And from hence growe our so great disputes & differences amongst Physitions themselues, some chiefly and aboue all magni∣fying it, some with execrations detesting it: which grow∣eth in them for want of right distinction of the seuerall causes, and differences of the pestilence. In the same dis∣ease the like may be said of vomite, if at sometimek 1.101 vsed at all, at another time ifl 1.102 omitted. The common generall re∣medies vsed against the dropsie are purging, vomiting, sweating, and the like; yet sometime the mostm 1.103 vnusuall and seldomest safe, is onely necessary and helpfull vnto it. Sometime if a woman with child be let bloud she suffereth n 1.104 abortion, saith Hippocrates. Sometime if she omito 1.105 let∣ting bloud she cannot escape abortion,o 1.106 saith Fernelius.o 1.107 Many and innumerable more might instances by, but these may suffise for light and illustration to all the rest, as also for sufficient caueat for putting any trust or confidence in the excèllencie of any particular remedies without ad∣uice, for right dispensation of the generall. And here by may be iudged and discouered the indiscreete thoughts of light braines and vnderstandings in these dayes, of men, that so preposterously diuulge in all places so many bookes and paper-Apothecary-shoppes of secrets and medicines, better iudgment and learned soath teaching the wise and discreete, that things without reason in them∣selues are by reason and wisedome to be guided and orde∣red;

lest in ignorant handling and vnwotting abuse their faire promising seemings proue gilded poysons. If any man want wit to see or know this or knowing will not consider, let the danger proue it selfe vnto him, and let such experience be euer the mother of fooles. And for those that herein make mercy and commiseration apologie for their rash violating the rules of wisedome, sobrietie and safe discretion in ignorant intermedling, I wish them consider how dangerous are the harmes and consequences of good intentions, and charitable indea∣uors, where they runne before knowledge and proprietie in the agent. Euery honest function is not euery honest mans, but vnto euery man is distributed and allorted the action of his owne calling: which also must be made his and appropriate, not onely by approued sufficiencie in himselfe, but authorized approbation in others: whereby the action being good in it selfe, lawfull in the doer, fit∣ting and accommodate vnto the circumstance, it is blessed of God, commended of men, seasonable in it selfe, harme∣lesly profitable, and euery way without reproch.

CHAP. III.

Women their custome and practise about the sicke, com∣mon-uisiting counsellors, and commenders of Medicines.

OVR common offenders in the former kinds are generally all such,* 1.108 as are knowne to want institution in arts and sciences; are not educated in pertinent precepts, not studied nor brought vp in places of good libertie: without which gooda 1.109 meanes or∣dinarily there cā accrew to mē no perfectiō in any faculty.* 1.110 For althogh it be possible that there may grow in some few an allowable mediocrity in some sort sufficient to informe themselues, and profit others by a fitnesse in nature ioyned with industrie, (though the ordinarie course of instruction

by readers, teachers and schooles, be not so plentifully sup∣plied) yet is it no safe discretion ordinarily to trust a suffi∣ciency so very rarely found, so hardly, so seldome, and in so few truly gained. Here therefore are men warned of ad∣uising with women counsellours. We cannot but acknow∣ledge and with honor mention the graces of womanhood, wherein by their destined property, they are right and true soueraignes of affection; but yet, seeing their autho∣rity in learned knowledge cannot be authenticall, neither hath God and nature made them commissioners in the ses∣sions of learned reason and vnderstanding (without which in cases of life and death, there ought to be no daring or attempt at all,) it is rash cruelty in them euen there to do well, where, vnto the not iudiciously foreseeing, that well might haue proued ill, and that ill is oft no lesse then death, or else at least the way to death, which is the hazard of health. Their counsels for this cause in matters of so great and dangerous consequent, modestie, nature, law, and their owne sexeb 1.111 hath euer exempted. We may iustly here taxe their dangerous whisperings about the sicke, wherein their preualence oft being too great, they abuse the weake sense of the diseased, while they are not themselues; and make iust and wise proceedings suspected, and with danger suspended.* 1.112 For it is not sufficient for the Physition to do his office, except both the sickec 1.113 himselfe, and also all that are about him, be prudently and aduisedly carefull and obedi∣ent vnto good reason: without which, loue it selfe may be dangerously officious, the error of friendship a deed vnto death,* 1.114 and a kind worke in intention the wound of an ene∣my in issue and execution. Among those that are wise, a good conscience doth stay all rash commission: and con∣firmation of all necessary offices by such as are learned, doth preuent the accusation of carelesse omission: and in this meane for the vnlearned to consist, is onely harmelesse pie∣ty. Betweene the vnconsiderate hast of abundant affecti∣on, and the lame and carelesse pace of want of loue and duty: betweene too busie medling, and too curious for∣bearance,

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are conspicuous the excellent vertues of pru∣dence, discretion and knowledge, vpon which are safely founded wise moderation and temperate vse of meanes, vnto which euer and onely God hath blessed all actions, their ends and issues. In whom therefore these are not, how vnwarranted are their actiōs vnto their owne hearts, and how dangerous also must they be to others harmes? If women then professe no arts, nor as maisters of sciences can proue their rules, let them with sobrietie gouerne the great rule of themselues, and so shall they be most harme∣lesly happy in being freed from the vnhappinesse of ha∣uing their hands so commonly in others mishaps, vnto the dishonour of womanhood,* 1.115 A gentlewoman lately falling grieuously sicke, through the frights of bloud-letting (wherewith womens counsell by many ill reports thereof had confounded her) refused the only safe rescue of her life thereby. Whereupon very shortly after, her bloud grew so furious, that breaking the wonted bounds and limits of her veines, with violence it gushed out not onely at her mouth and nose with diuerse other passages of her bo∣dy besides, but also made a diruption in the veines of one of her legs, from whence issuing in great abundance it speedily dispatched her, euen vnto the end and last breath still making her choyce, that rather her bloud should thus kill her then she cōsent to part with any part thereof other∣wise. Thus she miserably died. Cōtrariwise another gentle∣woman d 1.116 in the yeare 1602. and of her age the 74. (as shee her selfe numbred) vexed many yeares with a continuall issue of bloud, after she had bene long left in hopeles care & despaire, required and expected of me her last doome. I found (oft obseruing her pulse) a manifest, equall and constant magnitude, altitude, and vehemence, the habite of her body well liking; and by these assured my selfe as of the cause of her disease, so also of the strength of na∣ture. Many other remedies before in vaine iterated and varied, and none preuailing or profiting, contrary to the iudgement of some former Physitions, as also her owne

liking in regard of her age and supposed weakenesse, and contrary to the generall disclaime and wonderment of her friends, here 1.117 strength in the former indication fa∣uouring it, necessity vrging, and therefore her age dis∣pensing, I commanded her to be sparingly let bloudf 1.118 in the arme; whereupon without any farther other helpe she immediately recouered her strength, and was freed the space of eight yeares together from the issue, which had continually vexed her many yeares before. I deliuer these familiar examples of mine owne for better satisfaction, whereby vnto the meanest eye and simple vnderstanding it is apparent, that bloud-letting or not bloud-letting (as all other remedies) are either good or euill, or neither good nor euill, in seuerall seasons and circumstances; whereby the perswasion or disswasion thereof by such as want iudgement,f 1.119 is euer casually also good or euill in it selfe, but euer vniustifiable in the ignorant counsellor. The iust will not herein offend, but the foole will be babling, whereof to beware vnto many had bene sauing physicke, that now are dead. Many times haue many by perswading without reason or iudgement drawne their friend vnto death, con∣trarie to their better meaning, troubling them with feare of death in the remedy, while they run themselues to death for want of remedie. Ill counsell for the most part produ∣ceth ill euent. Ignorant counsell is neuer good counsell. And therefore it is honest for it selfe, and safe for the sicke, that ignorance be euer silent, or neuer presumptuous. It is oft occasion of mirth to see, how euen after sicke men are sometime perfectly recouered, the very ill opinion of re∣medies past (laboured into the conceite by the wauing of idle tongues) holdeth them still needlesly sicke, vntill their wiser thoughts draw their minds to forget their imagina∣tion, or to remember themselues: and thus vnawares they sometime ease themselues of their owne imposition, which was first the vaine supposition of a friend. Such friendship is oft simplicity, and haply sometimes knauery; but let the patient that desireth his owne good, be impa∣tient

of such folly, and not enlarge his kinde heart vnto so vnkinde hurt vnto himselfe, remembring (though it be humanity to heare a friendly voice) that the attendant of wisedome is slow beliefe. Oft and much babling inculca∣tion in the weake braines of the sicke may easily preuaile with them, to forget both that which their owne good hath taught them, and also by a borrowed opinion from others indiscreete words, to corrupt their owne sense. It is the common custome of most common people thus ordi∣narily to molest and trouble the sicke. Their presence therfore is dangerous, & carefully to be either prohibited, or better gouerned. Common & vulgar mouthes easily in∣cline scandalously to preiudice the things they know not. Hence it is in these daies a customary worke to disswade physicke, while mē not making right choyce of their Phy∣sition, or perue••ting good counsell by their owne peeuish frowardnes, and thereby multiplying vnto thēselues con∣tinuall occasion of complaint, vniustly therfore accuse art, which they neuer duly sought, nor found, nor vsed, & ther∣fore neuer knew. The offences that men iustly take, are the faults, the blots, the staines of vnperfect workemen, not of art; whereof art is as guiltlesse as they are void of art. Many because they may haply obserue some others by the too much & immoderate vse of physicke, sometime too hardly to keepe vnder their owne strēgth, sometime haply to tire nature, or too cōtinually to interrupt & perturbe her quiet fruition of herselfe, & the true sense of her owne power & strēght in her selfe; therefore in the other extreme they also with a nice and foolish morosity altogether contemne and reiect the temperate and moderated 1.120 vse thereof, denying vnto God & nature their care, & duty to thēselues, restrai∣ning nature from the priuiledge of remedies which God hath giuen vnto her, and iniuriously suffering her to liue within them imprisoned, oppressed, and oft needlesly rui∣ned. Physicke it selfe is honored by the mouth and menti∣on of God himselfe, and in it selfe hath demonstration of it selfe, vnto them whose vnderstanding doth giue them

eyes; but the ignorant and the excessiue vse, the abuse therof, & no lesse the peruerse contempt & neglect there∣of, are the curse of God, and the sinne of men. They there∣fore that perswade the sicke that they haue no neede of the Physition, call God a lyar, who expresly saithh 1.121 otherwise; and make themselues wiser then their Creator, who hath ordainedi 1.122 the Physition for the good of man. Let men therefore flie and take heede of such foolish calumnie, and in their necessities let them remember their Maker, and thankfully embrace his blessing and benefite of ease and health, which thereby he hath commended and giuen vnto them; lest vnthankfull to him, and accessarie to their owne hurt,* 1.123 they perish in a double sinne. Beside the ordinary & meane sort of visiting people,i 1.124 doing in the former kinds very scandalously and continually much hurt, it is too or∣dinary vse and manner generally with all orders of men: for since most men are not capable, worthy, nor vnderstan∣dingly able to discerne a true good; it is no wonder that the fewest speake truly good of good.* 1.125 Some of these sorts do not simply or absolutely disswade physicke, but (as an inducement vnto their owne practise and admittance) such physicke onely as cometh vnknowne vnto them, out of Apothecaries shops, or from Physitions hands and dire∣ctions: thereby preferring their owne priuate ointments, plaisters, ceareclothes, drinkes, potions, glysters, and di∣ets, because by time and custome they are become famili∣arly knowne vnto them, and now are of their owne do∣mesticall preparation, & therefore are by their knowledge, acquaintance, and auouching of them, growne into some credite and reputation with them. With this insinuation & officious promise of their knowne, gentle and pleasant medicines, and of vndoubted good from this their owne protested proofe and experience, many allurek 1.126 the sicke miserably to beguile themselues; to exchange reasonable likelihood, for personall confidence; the knowledge of the right and safe vse of medicines, for the knowledge of the composition of their medicines;* 1.127 the preciousnesse of

time and oportunity of health. For the partiall expectati∣on of vncertaine triall, these knowne defects as the perpe∣tuall consequences of this ignorance and want of know∣ledge, as they are ordinarily admitted, so are they continu∣ally manifestly obserued and noted by others harmes, and ofttimes too late repentance: for since want of knowledge doth euer lamely giue supply to any want, what safe ex∣pectation or probable hope can the diseased haue of igno∣rant persons in their distressed wants? Old Eue will neuer be worne out of Adams children. Alas an apple can do no great hurt. It is faire and beautifull vnto the eye, pleasant to taste, and but a trifle, a small matter, a little quantity, and of excellent quality; Adam must needs taste. It is good for his eyes, it will cleare his sight, an excellent medicine to make him see. What is more faire, more easie, more gentle, more harmelesse, more cordiall, more daintie then an apple? Eue in good will offered it, and so Adam tooke it. It made him also see; but Adam had bene better still blind. A dangerous and incurable leprosie and infection thence seised vpon him, which after none but the great Physition of heauen and earth could cure. Many medi∣cines are small, harmelesse, gentle, pleasant, and in them∣selues do not hurt. But by accident, by consequent, by cir∣cumstance, death oft followeth them at the heeles. Milke, broth, butter, and many other wholesome meates, iuices and fruits in themselues, are of common harmelesse vse, milde, nourishing and comfortable, some of them some∣times soueraigne antidotes against many poysons, mitiga∣tors of diuers paines; yet because sometimes against some circumstancesa 1.128 against art or reason vsed, they proue a destruction vnto the vser: and as sometime a smaller dam∣mage, sometime a greater, so therefore sometime more and sometime lesse, obserued. Who almost suspecteth a messe of milke or a cup of beere,b 1.129 things so familiar and customa∣ry in daily vse and diet? yet permitted in somec 1.130 conditions, in some manner with some error,c 1.131c 1.132 the messengersd 1.133 of

death attend them, oft faintings, swoundings, sodaine ex∣tinction of the naturall heate, anxietie and vexation, with other accidents of easie corruption and putrifaction in the one, as of stupefaction and mortification in the other. This did witnesse a late Sommers sodaine heates, wherein the vnaduised hasty satisfying of thirst with cold drinke, by heapes in diuers places in Northamptonshire sent la∣bourers & haruest people into their graues. With these for farther illustration, I might number without number many more; but vnto the wise and worthy, a word is sufficient intimation. And thought many ignorants may speake faire and pleasing, and commend things that looke smooth, and smiling vpon the liking of the sicke; yet prouident neces∣sitie will hence be warned to be wise for it selfe, not rashly admiting so dangerouse 1.134 flattery, nor too swiftly trusting Syrens for their songs, nor Crocodiles for their teares: but in matters so nearly concerning life and death, duly and carefully inquiring, and according to the verdict of vnder∣standing and reason, trying and examining, and not for∣geting beside the hazard in vnsafe error by vnsufficient Counsellors, the losse of time and oportunitie for better helpe, which ofttimes is neuera 1.135 regained. And for enter∣tayning so meane counsell in the vse of such meanes as car∣ry a manifest danger and malignity in their nature and vse, I could thinke no man so voide of counsell, as to neede therein counsell: yet because experience of some errors herein past is argument of other remaining possible to come, I will onely by one example aduertise, and from that example it will be easie for euery one to raise a rule and cautiond 1.136 to himselfe. It is ordinary with many vn∣skilfull busie-bodies vnder colour and pretext of gentle and safe dealing, to make familiar and ordinary the vse of perillous medicines, which haply also they do not so distin∣guish or repute, and therefore cannot be said to lye, (be∣cause they speake their thought,) yet tell not truth, be∣cause they thinke not right.* 1.137 I was sometime solicited by a carefull mother for her child, whom I found by a sharpe

and acute conuulsion violently distorted, and before time allowed leasure for preparation of remedies, swiftly stran∣gled. In any propension thereto in the constitution or o∣ther disposition of the child, was nothing which might ap∣parently be accused; and therefore making diligent in∣quirie after some outward cause, I found that the suspition of wormes had occasioned the commendations and vse of of the hearbe Bearefoote, which though ordinary and much accustomed for that end among women, and oft by good hap without hurt; yet we could not but with good reason hereof conuince, conferring the present harme (which no presumption could vnto other thing impute) with the danger and maligne nature of that herbe in pro∣duction of such like effects: (although many for the like vse haue in like manner giuen it vnto their children with∣out blame.) Thus sometimes some men haue deuoured mortall poysons, not onely without harme, but with good and commodious effect. By these conueyances & through the like presumption, many vnwotting bodies oft bury in themselues vnbewailed (because vnknowne) Ellebor, Quicksiluer. Precipitate, and the like, coloured with bet∣ter names, and at the present vnperceiued. Desperate tri∣als sometime bring forth strange deliuerances, yet neither is the boldnesse warrant, nor the escape encouragement. There happen oft in these daies many sodaine, maruailed and strange accidents, posing the best Physitions them∣selues, without doubt oft raised from causes by these er∣rors vnknowne, secret, concealed, or haply by time before the effect appeare, forgotten: (for secret mischiefs long time insensibly vndermine before the sensible euent ap∣peare.) For proofe of dangerous customes in ignorant hands,* 1.138 I will make one example a light vnto many. A wo∣man sometime came to aduise concerning an extraordina∣ry accident in her ordinary vse of spurge-comfits. She gaue (at the same time her selfe, and some others in the same house taking thereof with answerable effect and euacua∣tion) vnto a very aged man eight in number (being her

vsuall dose.) The first day they had no effect with the old man, and in all the rest performed their wont: she there∣fore gaue him as many the next day with the like effect, and as many euery day vnto the 10 day, with the like proofe. It was then her feare he had tasted his owne fune∣rall feast before his death, but he suruiued the feare with∣out sense of change or danger. Is it safe from this good hap, for other in hope still to hazard themselues in such vnsafe handling? Is it not rather manifest how ignorantly and commonly these creatures ouerlooke the danger which iustly wisdome and reason suspend and feare? Dis∣creete feare awaketh vigilance and circumspection, but ignorance of danger is void of feare, and therefore of care. Carelesse attempts draw harmfull and repented issues: and though good haps sometimes flatter vaine security, yet if seldome harmes be not wisely extended as a caution and example vnto many, the custome of neglect will make the rare confusion quickly common. So large a feast of spurge∣comfits hath seldome kept so many holy daies in one bel∣lie, or a banketting likenes so harmelesly priuiledged idle∣nesse in a working quality. The consequent hapned much fairer then could be foreseene or hoped. If for that cause any man will againe aduenture the like, who will not ima∣gine that in the thought he hath already lost his wits, & in the proofe may lose himselfe? If notwithstanding he es∣cape, any man will wonder, but no man, I suppose, imitate. It may be haply deemed incredible, that so common and meane sort of people can attaine acquaintance with so dangerous instruments, as some before mentioned and o∣ther the like; but due exploration oft by the harmes occa∣sioned doth testifie it, and the meanes of their acquaintance discouered doth proue it easie. Quacksaluers, banckrupt∣apothecaries, and fugitiue Surgeons euery where ouer∣trauelling the face of this kingdome, hunted by want of riot from place to place, are oft compelled to insinuate and creepe into the fauour of many meane people; and in their necessity do sell for gaine and entertainement, and in

their prodigality for lust and loue, these generose and noble secrets carrying on the outside the titles of famous medicines, and being within infamous poysons. And by this meanes quicke and desperate experiments, with such as thus like to gaine them, grow vulgar medicaments.

CHAP. IIII.

Fugitiues, workers of iugling wonders, Quacksaluers.

NOW seeing we are cast vpon the menti∣on of the former sort of men,* 1.139 we will here for giuing better knowledge of them, protract their short stay.* 1.140 Of this order are they who in townes and villages hang vp their banners and triumphant flags in fields, of broken armes, rotted legs, and halfe faces, and haply also timber for new, displaying at large before the simple amazed multitude, their prouision of shot and wildfire in quintessenses and spirits: scouring vp before them goodly store of harnesse wherewith men of all sorts may arme themselues against all diseases; discoursing d 1.141 with what agility they can soudre new gris••es for old no∣ses, and newly againe infranchise French limbes, and final∣ly making themselues admirable tinkers of all infirmities. Amongst these men credulous mindes may see things in∣uisible; beggers are enabled to sell gold to drinke, that want siluer to make them eate. Aurum potabile, the natu∣turall Balsamum, the Philosophers stone, dissolued Pearle, and the like inestimable glories and pride of Art and na∣ture, are their professed ordinary creatures and the work∣manship of their hands, in whose hands are nothing but idlenesse,g 1.142 theeft, and beggerie. To ingage wonder aboue wonder with admiration vnto the beholders, some of this sort will not seeme nice to cut their owne flesh, that it may be glory within few howres to heale it vp againe, the paine being pleasure which is inuited by consent, and re∣compenced by gaine. It is strange to see how these men leauing their old occupations and mechanicall mysteries

wherein they were educate, sodainely finde themselues inspired with a spirit of reuelation of rare secrets, and thereby promise vnto themselues and others miracu∣lous wonders. And it is indeede true wonder to see with what agility they are able so grosly to deceiue, and in the end like noble Chymists, hauing extracted siluer out of the baser mettall of idle words, in smoke they vanish, leauing behinde them the shadow of death, with those who leauing the day light of clearer vnderstanding neg∣lected, rashly run themselues into the mist of imposture and ignorance. Thus preualent is faire pollicitation and vaine wonderment. If men would consult with reason & iudiciously consider; though their wonders were truly to be wondered, and worthy to exercise the wise and learned in their extrication (as they are the vanities and inanities of argute and subtill cousinages,) yet must it neuer be for∣gotten, that wonders yea and miracles themselues are so∣lie neuer arguments of truth or sufficiencie, but for the most part fruites of vnprofitable curiosity, deceiuing the simple, amazing the multitude, and giuing way and cre∣dite to vntruth, cousinage and iugling. Therefore in this kind the diuell himselfe is excellent, and for the most part it is one chiefe part, a true marke and prerogatiue of his followers, Coniuerers, Sorcerers, Witches, and Iuglers; who wanting true worthinesse in themselues, make vnto themselues these glorious couers. God hath giuen no∣thing vnto man, but for his trauail and paine. And accor∣ding to his studious industrie, care, prudence, prouidence, assiduity and diligence, he dispenseth vnto him euery good thing. He hath not ordained wonders and miracles to giue supply vnto our common needes, nor to an∣swer the ordinary occasions or vses of our life: but our owne needefull discreete indeauors euer depending vpon his prouidence. Truth and sufficiency receiue not their iust triall by rare workes or casuall euents, but by ani 1.143 habi∣tuall and continuall proofe and exercise in their daily, or∣dinary, and proper subiects and occurrents: whereunto

truly and pertinently they apt and fit euery designe and action: whereunto their owne vpright iudgement is a trustie guide, and others eyes vndeceiued witnesses. And thus if men will learne to guide themselues, they shall not so commonly and easily lose their eyes in the gaze of wonders, nor their reason in the maze of such inexplicable and intricate folly.

CHAP. V.

Surgeons.

THAT which hath bene formerly said suf∣fiseth to point out the deceiuers last menti∣oned. Their affinitie giueth occasion to mention in the next place, their next neighbours, diuers our common vnlear∣ned Surgeons, hauing neither letters nor humanity, nor euer acquainted with the dialect and lan∣guage of the learned. These men for the most part estee∣ming themselues deseruing well for the operaryc 1.144 vses of a skilfull and well exercised hand in wounds, incisions, am∣putations of sphacelate parts and the like, hence take vn∣to themselues an emerited priuiledge in physicke practise. Some also venture farther, and for some rare exeperien∣ces arrogate vnto themselues ability, a power and authori∣tie to educate & institute Physitions, as an vnder-growth vnto themselues, by lying promises, perswading ma∣ny honest simple parents to commit their children, other∣wise perhaps more fortunate and ingenuous, to be their apprentices. Hence it cometh to passe that many in these daies thus traded vp by their example vnto a nimblenesse of deceit, and of aduenturing in all occurrents, so ordina∣rily promise like gods, dare aboue men, and act like diuels crucifying the liues of poore men: while by the grace of one goodd 1.145 deede of good hap, the oportunity of com∣mitting many tragedies vnspoken is gained. And thus is the world furnished with factors for the graue and the

perdition of mankind. An example of double impudence let here witnesse.* 1.146 A gentleman of Northamptonshire vexed with an vlcer of the bladder required my aduice. Vnderstanding by the daily abundance of purulent mat∣ter in his vrine (for the space almost of halfe an yeare be∣fore continually obserued) together with some store of bloud ofttimes withall, (neither of which the bladder it selfe and the exility of the veines thereof could so plen∣tifully with so easiee 1.147 accidents afford) as also by the more perfect permistion thereof with the substance of the vrine, that it was not onely an affection of the bladder, but a greater and more dangerous in the reines, (about the re∣gion whereof was euer much paine and weaknesse) and coniecturing them past possibility of cure (their substance already so far spent) I refused to promise or meddle farther then by palliatiue cure, wherein accordingly I insisted a long time with good ease and satisfaction vnto the pati∣ent. At length by some friends there was commended highly for a farther and better performance, a Barber Sur∣geon, who thereupon being required and conducted thi∣ther, came vnto the gentleman, and according to the com∣mendatiōs premised promised to cure him in sixef 1.148 weekes space. Shortly after the patient complaining of want of sleepe, he gaue vnto him a Ladanum pill of Paracelsus, and after Mercuriall pilles for another supposed end; by the vse whereof in his body, then by the length of his dis∣ease exceedingly before weakened and extenuate, he pre∣sently fell into an amazed staring sleepinesse, or an asto∣nishment betweeneg 1.149 waking and sleeping, wherein after he had continued a naturall day, in the morning following he was sodainely surptised with acute and epilepticall fits and a generall conuulsion, with foming, gnashing his teeth, loud stertors and the like, whereof after in one day he had passed 8 or 9 fits in my sight (being then vpon that new occasion newly required, the Surgeonh 1.150 fled) he was after my coming and meanes vsed partly by Theria∣call glysters, suppositars, and antidotes fitting the present

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cause and accidents, through the grace of God vnexpe∣ctedly deliuered, after he had by stoole thus procured, auoyded one whole pill vndissolued (seene by diuers well vnderstanding witnesses present,) as also diuers small fra∣ctions of Quicksiluer fluctuating and floating like white pinnes heads, as the women that saw reported vnto vs. To make the cause of these accidents yet more manifest; it happened that two maid-seruants there attending vpon the gentleman, by their continuall conuersing neare him and the infected sweate of his body, fell strangely and so∣dainely into the same fits one after another by course, and each hauing suffred sixe or seuen apart, were carried forth, and after that time neuer since (as I yet heare) nor euer before had the like, as they both then said. One of these now liueth maried in Towcester in Northamptonshire, the other was lately seruant vnto an honorable Lady. This history is knowne vnto many of note and worth beside. To conclude, the gentleman thus escaped, and grew by little and little vnto his former senses and strength as his first disease would permit. Within a quarter of an yeare after, or thereabout, another Surgeon againe put the gen∣tlemā into a new hope of recouery: & although the report of my iudgement did somewhat (as I heard) shake his confidence, yet not conceiuing my reason nor seeing the cause, and supposing no other but the vlcer in the bladder, he tooke him in hand; and in his hand within few dayes he left his life, according to my prediction vnto diuers his friends concerning this second attempt likewise solicited. By these examples it is manifest, both how bold and confi∣dent ignorance will be, as also how powerfully and be∣witchingly it deceiueth the distressed minde, easily proned 1.151 to beleeue that which it desirously would. From hence also may be coniectured how commonly such er∣rors by these ignorant persons in likelihood befall, yet for the most part either for want of knowledge vnespied, or by the priuacy smothered. For if they kill, a deade 1.152 man telleth no tales: or if by chance they saue one life, that

shall be a perpetuallg 1.153 flag to call more fooles to the same aduenture. This is commonly seene in the vulgar custome of curing the French disease by Barbers and Surgeons, who precipitate commonly euery one alike, and confused∣ly without respect or order thrust all through the purga∣torie of their sweatings; bleeding, vomiting, vnctions, plaisters, and the like. Hereby many needlesly intangle themselues vpon meere supposall and feare, and many take more then necessity vigeth; and others for satisfy∣ing that necessity, neglect a more materiall, and flying too timorously and rashly a knowne inconuenience, run headlong vnknowing into an after too well knowne vn∣recouerableh 1.154 mischiefe. For if they that fal into such rough handling be strong in themselues, and no way liable to the harmes of such desperate remedies, and be free from the implication of all other diseases besides, (which entring by their breaches may interrupt their smooth passage, and make pernicious their French medication) they may haply escaping the danger, for the hazard attaine their desired deliuerie, as is in some seene. But if nature haply be weake, or the disposition of the sicke subiect to the perils of that cure (which these men seldome do or can consider) or a∣ny other disease lie in waight too prompt to trust with any aduantage, (which these men want knowledge to foresee) the acquaintance with such remedies may easily proue a greater plague vnto the greatest poxe. How can he that considereth the disease and not thee 1.155 person (as is vsuall with these men) because the contrary is not possible with ignorance) how can they I say in curing the one but indan∣ger the other? We see ordinarily, the same medicine in the same force vnto one man is scarce sensible, vnto another is a sting; vnto one fauourable, vnto another cruell; in one wanting edge, in another exceeding. It therefore requi∣reth learned ability to discerne the hidden ods and diffe∣rences, thereby iustly to distribute vnto euery seuerall his proper and fitf 1.156 proportion of the same thing. Neither is it safe to accommodate so harmefull helps as belong to

so cautelous a cure without a iudicious view, not onely of this strange disease it selfe, but also of the mixture or g 1.157 coniunction of any other maladies and respects there∣with, whose necessities may and do oft forbid and prohi∣bite his remedies (that being a medicine to one disease which is a mischiefe to another, and an ease to one which is a sorrow vnto another.) It is therefore no maruaile, that while these men contemne order and method, and the lear∣ned examination of these and such like circumstances, and blindly prosecute issues vnknowne to foreseeing reason, they therefore (though sometime they remoue a mis∣chiefe) yet either equall it againe with the like, or exceed it with a greater, or else ofttimes not profiting nor satis∣fying the vtmost patience and painefull expectation with the smallest good, effectually double the greatest euill. This for that all men see not, few consider, many forget, & some ioyously escaping defend. The hurt is oft vnespied the harmes vnheeded, the shamefull wrongers and homi∣cides with the dead buried, and the good haps by many foolish liuing idly admired, vnto the increase and continu∣ance of multiplied mischiefe. Hereof solie for the most part wofull experience is capable, neither reason, nor ex∣ample, nor any aduice warning or moderating,g 1.158 though the ordinary batteries from hence euery where almost leaue rotten and mangled monuments of remedilesse cures, if not present with the cause, yet neuer farre of, and though sometime long, yet euer certaine. For though where the body is strong, ofttimes many grosse errors may be by the ignorant committed, and yet not espied, (because where is strength there is lesse sense and esteeme of harmes, (weaknesse being only vnable to beare or endure without complaint) yet the insensible sting doth oft breede the most festered poyson, in the latest sensible smart. The er∣rors of the vnskilfull Pilote though great and many, in the calme are noth 1.159 considered, but in the dangerous sea the

least error offereth the ougly shape of his owne foulnesse. In bodies not easily harmed many rash harmes are hardly discouered, but in dangerous cōditions the least lapses are heauie loades. Ignorance therefore is onely good when it doth no hurt, whereunto it is neuer wanting in her proper∣tie, but onely sometimes in power. It is obiected, that wise and learned men do oft mistake. It is true: where is the greatest wisedome the most incomparable, yet there is, and euer must be sometimes mistaking and infirmities. The rea∣son is, for that absolute perfection is aboue the nature of mortality. He therefore that in his art or faculty doth neuer erre, isb 1.160 more then a man. He that most seldomedd 1.161, nor grosly, nor easily erreth, and for the mostd 1.162 part and com∣monly frameth all his iudgements and actions vnto right reason, he is onely a right ande 1.163 complete Artist. He that grosly or easily or commonly erreth and mistaketh, iustly meriteth the name of an ignorant and idiot. This is the plaine and vncontrolled difference betweene the learned and vnlearned. It is yet farther obiected, that oft as good happe smileth vpon these ignorants as vpon more learned. It is sometime true, but it is wisedome to distinguish how. Al things that happen vnto the vnderstanding and notion of the mind (which is the guide of all actions) are either f 1.164 in themselues certaine and demonstrate, or necessary by consequent, or probable and of likelihood, or of contin∣gence and good hap. In the first the truly learned cannot erre; in the second not oft nor easily. But, in both the vnlearned is euer subiect to error, as vnable to distin∣guish plaine truth from seeming appearance. In the third the learned may beg 1.165 deceiued, but not so commonly and easily as the vnlearned. In the fourth good hap and blind fortune is indifferent vnto both, and therein the foole hath

oft as good hap as the wise man. But he that hath com∣mon sense may discerne great ods. The learned hath a prerogatiue in three parts vnto himselfe, and an equall part with the vnlearned, in the fourth. The learned hath for his light and guide either knowledge, whereof isb 1.166 de∣monstration, and thereby are his actions more certaine; or reason and iudgement, and thereby are they more tried vnto right and truth; or right probability and artificiall c 1.167 coniecture, and thereby are they more seldome found er∣ring. The vnlearned wanteth all these helps,h 1.168 and is led onely by bold aduenture in hope of good hap, which after long expectation is but seldomef 1.169 seene, and then soone gone. For the bounty of good hap is not euery day, and when it sodainely like a wanton sheweth it selfe, her smiles are obuious to any one, and therein hath the learned with the vnlearnedg 1.170 equall interest. It breedeth yet farther doubt, that is sometime seene. The Empericke and vn∣learned Surgeon do sometimes cure where the learned hath long trauailled, and at length hath giuen place vnto the disease. It cannot be denied, in many desperate cases these men are the onely fit instruments. Where the lear∣ned foreseeing the slippery hope of meanes, and the nota∣tion and staggering of nature, doth make warieh 1.171 procee∣ding (vnwilling where the caution is so nice that the acti∣on cannot be safe, to vndertake so hardl 1.172 an office) there these men (who thinke nothing hard though impossible) being euer ready to giue bold aduenture, may hap luckily to ouersute the danger, and thereby the cure must needs be a mightyd 1.173 deliuerance. An ancient gentleman of Northamptonshire, being then my patient, related vnto me among our merriments his medicine for a continuall head-ach and giddinesse, which in time past had long vexed him, and solicited diuers good Physitions in vaine. By chance he met with an angry Surgeon, who being by him in some words prouoked, and finding the gentleman alone and far from companie or rescue, with a staffe vnto

the vtmost perill of life soundly brake his head, and plen∣tifully let him bloud in diuers places; but life escaping, he thereby deliueredf 1.174 him of his diseases, whereof more wise and deliberate counsell could neuer with much labour and long time free him. It was a great ouersight in his learned Physitions, that they could not foresee, nor would not prescribe so fortunate a remedy. Thus malice was as hap∣py as an Empericks bold attempt, yet herein was some∣what better, that it was freely bestowed.* 1.175 In like manner, vnto another so far ingaged in the Neapolitan disease, that discreete counsell durst not oppose equipollent re∣medies, a woman (purposing to poyson him) gaue an vnknowne dose of rats-bane; and thereby nature driuen vnto her vtmost and last shift, setting open all the passages of his body, at once with the poyson wholly expelled the former disease. Thus issueth wondered good out of di∣uellish and dangerous acts. I condemne not sharpe and ex∣treme remedies, when as extremec 1.176 neede requireth them; neither do I commend a trembling and timorous iudge∣ment in prescription and accommodation there of where isd 1.177 needefull. But I admit not hard or sodainee 1.178 attempts, but onely in extreme necessities, where also thef 1.179 strength of nature hath by the iudicious and learned bene careful∣ly foreballanced betweene hope and hazard: without these respects the vse of hard and vehement remedies by the hands of vnlearned Practitioners are growne too com∣mon. It is therefore good for men to take heede, how they too boldly walke in the common tract of Empericks and vnlearned, whose waies oft troden grow slippery, and therefore not varied proo••e dangerous. It is sometime nearest way to go out of the common way, many times the fairest way, and not seldome the safest way. For though diseases may be of easie note and well knowne, and the vulgar medication no lesse otherwise apt vnto the necessi∣tie;

yet may one small circumstance onely by it selfe ma∣king the disease different, once escaping an vnskilfull and blind eye, for euer after ouerrun the hopefull vse of any other meanes, and frustrate the happinesse of after-health by better counsell. This is the reason that so many sodaine∣ly and vnexpectedly perish not without wonder in the vn∣skilfull practitioners hand, who casting his eye vpon no∣thing but that which is common, taketh for a great stranger what is otherwise, and therefore not foreseeing, his coming is not prepared to entertaine or intercept him with best aduantage; nor giueth nor taketh warning of him, and therefore is so sodainely oft surprised by him.* 1.180 I may hereof giue a rare instance in an esteemed friend sometimes a learned Diuine, who by some rash ad∣uice, his estate at that time not duly considered, requi∣red of an Apothecary a strong medicine against the stone (wherewith from his childhood he had bene euer here∣ditarily g 1.181 molested. The one prepared it, the other tooke it, both expecting no other vse or consequent, then that which was vsuall to such a medicine. But the same night that potion violently descending brake through hish 1.182 bladder, making therein two issues, where by the v∣rine came from him immediately then, and continually af∣ter by those two breaches, before it could attaine the v∣suall passage or conduit. Hereof was then witnesse a graue & learned gentleman an ancient Doctor of Physike vnto whom this patient did slie for his iudicious aduice in this sodaine mischiefe, and with whom my selfe had seri∣ous conference about that accident, both of vs lamenting his so vnhappy distresse and misery.

CHAP. VI.

Apothecaries.

HERE so faire occasion offering their me∣mory, we may not forget our Apotheca∣ries. Among them also some to do a friend an vnlicenced friendship, or to keepe their wares in motion for feare of corruption, will haply sometimes offer a casuall good turne, to any that like the venture. I must needs say for the priuiledge of Apothecaries, that if any may haue pre∣rogatiue to be Physitions, by the excellence and rare choice of medicines, it is most proper vnto them; who haue with them registred and inrolled the priuie choice, trust and command of all the best remedies, and haue the best light to gesse at their best vse. Nay I may commend them farther; that for the excellent preparation and know∣ledge of medicines they sometimes may excell some Phy∣sitions themselues: but aboue and beyond the preparation, the right and iudicious dispensation is truly worthy, com∣manding and directing their safe and prudent vse. This skill requireth an vnderstanding able to raise itselfe aboue both the medicine and theg 1.183 maker, vnto the great Maker of them both, and from his generallh 1.184 decree and counsell in the administration of all things in nature, to leuie and limite circumstances,i 1.185 proportion, time, place, quantity and quality, according to the manifold seuerall purposes and infinite vses for the preseruation, conseruation, and continuance of health and life vnto mankind. And herein how far it behoueth the erected mind of higher contem∣plation, to exalt it selfe in consultation aboue the elemen∣tary consideration and composition of a medicine and the vulgar and common sense, the continuall exquisite vse and exercise of the most incomparable prudence and learning in the ordinary and daily difficulties that befall the health, do plainely proue and demonstrate. It is not the medicine

it selfe, but the iudgement and knowledge of the learned, and right accommodation annexed vnto the wholesome medicine, that addeth vnto it a worth aboue it selfe; where∣by it doth far exceede it selfe in excellency, in variety of greater good, in distinction of more proper vse, according to art and reason thereto conducting it, which is the life of euery application and accommodation in all things. Hence euen the greatest clerkes with this sufficiency pro∣uided, haue not blushed to borrow or learne a good medi∣cine at a simple and vulgare 1.186 hand, yea from fooles and brute beasts, in their owne more excellent adaptation as the soule vnto the body, conferring the full and true per∣fection. The Ancients themselues haue not shamed so to do, as Galen in diuers places professeth of himselfe. Vnto Apothecaries therefore that faithfully and truly apply themselues and their whole indeauor, that haue tried and experienced skill, and vse faithfull industrie in fitting wholesome and incorrupt remedies to attend each honest need and necessity without fucation, adulteration or de∣ceit, and containe themselues within themselues, no man can deny a worthy esteeme both in priuate thoughts and publike estimate; but if the pride and maister-ship of the medicine stirre once in them the ambition of medica∣tion, as in the former men commēd them, so in the second they shall iustly condemne them: and as in the one safely vse them, so in the other with safe discretion refuse them, fearing lest with Salomons fly being taken in the Apothe∣caries boxe, they also in like manner make a stinke of the medicine,* 1.187 & an end of themselues. Valleriola mentioneth an Apothecary who with the imprudent vse of quicksil∣uer poysoned himselfe. I knew sometime an honest and ap∣proued good Apothecary in Warwickshire, who imitating a prescription of precipitate against an inueterate disease which he supposed in himselfe, exulcerated his guts, and therefore died. These experiments in other then them∣selues had bene bloudy and vnhonest, and in themselues rather then in other argue their strong confidence, (which

therefore might easily seduce them to be in time bold with others.) Example and imitation (which are the rules of an Apothecaries practise) are but patterns of anothers sufficiencie. Sufficience therfore being not their owne, it is sufficient to put them in mind of their owne. It is good for euery one to be contented and contained within his owne lists, and of his owne store with liberality to lend, and of anothers with loue and licence to borrow. This vpholdeth societies and good orders in common weales, maintaineth mutuall neighbourhood and humanity, friendly and iust commerce with loue and loyall reciprocation, and distri∣bution of euery right to euery owner, with good to the ge∣nerall and common, and without hurt to euery priuate and particular. I say nothing of banckrupt Apothecaries, who hauing left their owne standing become walking merchants, and with a few pedlarie wares remaining keepe shop in their owne hose, or else in their guts, who (wanting other vse) imagine them sufficiēt to make cleane the kitchin. Let thē that desire their meate in the stomacke should long finde good cookerie, take heede who put herbs into the pot. It hath bene required and by some im∣posed, that a Physition should be both Surgeon and Apo∣thecary himselfe. It is easily decided. In iudgement, skill, knowledge, and ability of direction, it is very requisite and necessary, and the contrary is not tollerable in a true ar∣chitect: but euery particular executione 1.188 or manuall paines and trauell is neuer vniustly, sometime necessarily, and oft more conueniently distributed and deuided vnto others, whose vicissitude, assistance, and oft more ready handling thereof, is as sufficient, nothing inferiour, yea for opera∣ry proofe and cunning handworke far without enuyf 1.189 su∣perior, because the maine and continuall exercise therein, doth therein also make the meaner iudgement better ap∣ted and more prompt. Galen indeed himselfe in necessity, & want of other (whose better and more speciall practise and exercise therein might make it their more proper per∣formance) put his owne hand vntog 1.190 chirurgie: but when

he found it another distinct office, as an ease vnto himselfe and a commodious liberty & inlarged helpe to his other imploiments, studies and care, he thereunto referred hand-operation, though euer haply conferred his mind & iudgement. In like maner Hippocrates refuseth byb 1.191 oath to meddle in Chirurgerie, & expresly in the extraction of the stone of the bladder, and leaueth it vnto those that are therein exercised: The fewer offices the lesse distraction, & where lesse distraction, there is the better bent vnto the more maine and proper scope. Where therefore with as sufficient supply by others, the suffection or deputation may ease of a burthen (as indifferently else were imposed) there (the businesse lesse, and the diligence and incum∣bence equall) the remaining taske must needes be com∣pletely and absolutely attended & perfected. Concerning the Apothecarie included in the Physition: indeed the first Ancients were Apothecaries vnto themselues, because in themselues onely was then newly sprouting in the infan∣cie, the inchoation of that skill, and therefore as yet they could notc 1.192 communicate perfection vnto others. But now time and age haue accomplished it, the Physitions eye and skill hath vsed anothers hand both as a needfull and re∣quisite d 1.193 helpe in the mechanicall ministery, and also as an aduantage and ease to the more necessary, laborious, and studious trauels of his mind. In ordinarie dispatches ther∣fore it is vnauoidably necessary an Apothecarie be euer at hand, as faithfull as his owne right hand, and in extraor∣dinarie the Physitions owne heart must onely trust his owne hand, and his owne eye witnesse their consent. This equitie may satisfie curiositie.

CHAP. VII.

Of Practisers by Spels.

NOw to leaue both Surgeon and Apothe∣carie, the opposition against the vse or need of either, doth put in mind in the next place not to forget those, who pro∣fesse the performances, vses, and end both of Surgeon & Apothecary, yea and Phy∣sition himselfe without their helpe or need: such are such as cure by spels and words. If men beleeue as reason would and as reasonable men should (for men are noc 1.194 men if vn∣reasonable) of any effects from spels, among the wise is no true reason or cause, and without reason can be no right perswasion. Betweene a true cause and hisd 1.195 proper effect, there is an immediate necessity; betweene a cause by acci∣dent and his effect, there is ae 1.196 mediate consequution: but this cause being onely ni opinion, can be no more then o∣pinion, and in opinion is no truth. Some finding spels to do no good, obiect as a good, they do no hurt. This hurt I am assured they do; while men haue gaped after such sha∣dowes, they oft in the meane season haue lost the sub∣stance, their life and health: which while due season offe∣red vnto them that had learned to know oportunitie, bad scholers were still at spelling schoole. To speak more se∣riously of such a toy: If the faithfull and deuout prayer of holy men (vnto which the promise of God, and the bles∣sings of men are annexed) hath no such assurance or suc∣cesse of necessarie consequent, without laborious industry and the vse of good meanes, how can religiong 1.197 or reason suffer men that are not voyd of both, to giue such impious credite vnto an vnsignificant and senslesse.h 1.198 mumbling of idle words, contrarie to reason, without president of any truly wisei 1.199 or learned, and iustly suspected of all sensible men? It shall be no error to insert a merrie historie of an approued famous spell for sore eyes. By many honest

testimonies, it was a long time worne as a iewell about many necks, written in paper, and inclosed in silke, neuer failing to do soueraigne good when all other helps were helplesse. No sight might dare to reade or open. At length a curious mind while the patient slept, by stealth ripped o∣pen the mystical couer, and found the powerful characters Latin, which Englished were these: Theb 1.200 diuell digge out thine eyes, and fill vp their holes with his dung. Words without meaning are nothing, and yet so here are best. Of nothing can come nothing (much lesse good:) yet soc 1.201 it was, and yet it wasd 1.202 not so) oathes and testimonies auou∣ching the one religion, & truthe 1.203 denying the othes. Thus ofttimes things haply begun in sport and ieast, with light minds, by vaine opinion grow to sooth and earnest. It is strange in these daies to behold how this follie doth laugh euen wise men to scorne, while their vnreasonable parts of imagination and fancie, so iuggle with their iudge∣ments and vnderstanding, that they can scarce containe themselues from beleeuing and consulting with such ri∣diculous folly. Thus able is fancie, not onely to deceiue sense, but to obscure our reason. If there be any good or vse vnto the health by spels, they haue that prerogatiue by accident, and by the power and vertue off 1.204 fancie; wherein is neither certaintie nor continuance. Fancie, ac∣cording vnto the nature thereof, can seldome be long fi∣xed vpon any thing; because naturally being euer full of fiction, it must needs easily and continually beg 1.205 transpor∣ted. Fancie therefore can be no ordinarie or common re∣medie, being but rarely fixedly detained; and where it is most earnestly bent, yet hardly of long continuance. If fancie then be the foundation whereupon buildeth the good of spels, spels must needs be as fancies are, vncer∣taine andh 1.206 vaine: so must also by consequent be their vse and helpe, and no lesse all they that trust vnto them. I speake not of inchanted spels, but of that superstitious babling, by tradition of idle words and sentences, which all that haue sense, know to be voide of sense, as the other

diuellish. The one (if there be no remedie) we must per∣mit vnto fooles, in the other we cannot denie the diuell.

CHAP. VIII.

The explication of the true discouerie of Witchcraft in the sicke, together with many and wondered instances in that kind.

MAny things of great power and wonder,* 1.207 aboue reason and beyond the power of nature, haue bene effected through the imprecation, stimulation and ministerie of wicked men the associates of diuels, whose commerce with spirits hath bene oft plaine and manifest. But it is good before we enter into the consideration thereof, that we be warie and cau∣telously wise, how we make a true difference betweene a true worke of the diuell, and the strange likenesse which phantasmes (oft countenanced by casualties and euents) strongly worke in the opinion and conceit. For as the ma∣chinations of spirits are certainly oft inserted into the acti∣ons of men;* 1.208 so by the iuglings of the imaginarie, are so liuely framed resemblances and counterfets of them oft times, that they can hardly be distinguished. That it may therefore the better first appeare what fancie and imagi∣nation are able to do, I will not here omit an historie worth good eare: Anno 1607. a Parsons wife of North∣hamptonshire, dwelling within three miles of the towne, came vnto a Physition, complaining of a tumor in one of her breasts. He demanded her among many other things concerning the Sciatica, which hea 1.209 coniectured to vexe her. She denied any acquaintance or notion thereof in all her former life. The same night (being returned home) so∣dainly about midnight the Sciatica seized painfully and grieuously vpon her. Some few daies after, it happened a∣nother of her neighbours came also vnto the same Phy∣sition, whom (beside the disease which she her selfe made

knowne) he guessed to be troubled with theb 1.210 crampe, and cursorily questioned her thereof. She neuer before sensibly knowing any such paine, after her returne also that night suffered thereby exceeding torment. These two accidents compared together by the first partie, (the one in her selfe, and the other in her neighbour) and the ap∣prehension being whet by her exceeding paine continu∣ed, caused in her a strong and resolute opinion of bewit∣ching, which she presently vnremoueably imputed vnto the Physition. Her outcries and impatience through her paine, made such forcible impression in her husband, that to satisfie his wiues vnreasonable importunacie, he was contented to come vnto the Physition from her to expo∣stulate. He, before he could vtter his message, blushing at the folly, and yet desirous to satisfie his wiues iniunction, because she would not otherwise giue him rest, at length related vnto him the cause of his coming, desiring him for his sake (being much ashamed thereof) to conceale the folly of his wife. This done, he returned home, and found his wife nothing better, but assuring her selfe and him, that if he would but once more come vnto the Phy∣sition, and (as I coniecture) gaine him to forgiue her, she should presently be well. Accordingly the next day he came vnto him, and (then concealing the reason and cause of his coming) desired him to forgiue and pardon his wife. This easily granted (as such a toy) he presently demanded the houre of the day, which instantly the clocke gaue two, being afternoone. He hastened homeward, and before he could speake vnto his wife, she ioyously entertained him, and with preuention told him that she was perfectly well, and that iust atc 1.211 two of the clock her paine left her, which

she (it seemed) imagined (as it also hapned) to haue bene the same time and moment that the Physition had giuen her desired pardon. The next morning her husband did write vnto him, discouering with this newes the reason of his last coming vnto him the day before, together with this strange euent following it. Within halfe a yeare after, she fell sicke againe, andd 1.212 died. This strong imagination, with this strange euent, might haue intangled many a poore spinster in a thicker string then her cunning could vntwist, to saue the cracking of her neck. But if mē wold more duly oft examine and weigh these cases, they shall many times find the Witch in a foolish sconce; and greater and more dangerous are the bewitchings of a mans owne folly, and more effectuall oft times vnto his owne hurt and others, then any witch, yea or diuell whatsoeuer. Without doubt chance may flatter and countenance the imagination with vnwonted, yea and iustly wondered euents, and yet is that no demonstration of ought about nature or reason. Casu∣altie doth so apt oft times consequences vnto dreames, as if there were some secret power or influence in them pro∣ceeding vnto such effects, yet is it no proof of truth or trust in them. Women oft times out of theire 1.213 sleepes haue fore∣seene and foretold many things, which according to time and place haue iustly come to passe, but this doth make their dreames no oracles. Many vain mē out of the presage of their owne minds, haue confidently made prediction of such things as haue assuredly hapned, yet is this no induce∣ment to take them for prophets. In like maner some that

haue possessed themselues with witchcraft, and the opi∣nion thereof, haue seemed to know things aboue their knowledge, and that knowledge aboue and beyond all reason hath bene true: yet neither is this any dispossession of themselues of this spirit of folly, nor no iust proofe or accusation of any one to be a witch. I cannot therfore take it for an ingenuous course, vpō such grounds to draw sim∣ple people vnto confusion. It is an easie matter for any im∣pression to worke it selfe into the imagination of a vaine mind. And why may it not seeme as easie for the diuell who is the author of lyingd 1.214 wonders, to credite it with wonderfull euents aboue the weake eye of our reason? Therefore ineptly and iniuriously may the illusion of fan∣cie, and the practise of the diuell therewith ioyned, be made snares for the innocent, whose destruction is his in∣tention who reioyceth in the perdition of mankind. Nei∣ther can I beleeue (I speake it with reuerence vnto grauer iudgements) that the forcedf 1.215 coming of men or women to the burning of bewitched cattell, or to the burning of the dung or vrine of such as are bewitched, or floating of bodies aboue the water, or the like, are any trial of a witch. I see no reason why I may not thinke, that the diuell by the permission of God, hath power indifferently to worke these effects vpon any man, whether a witch or no. For if he had power for his owne malitious purpose vpon the bodie of our blessed Sauiour, to transport it through the aire, and to set it vpon a pinnacle of the temple; and vpon the body of righteous Iob, with hope and desire of his o∣uerthrow: by what prerogatiue dare any other man what∣soeuer presume to free himselfe from his power, but by a speciall grace and mercie of God? Or why is it any impu∣tation vnto any man to be knowne to be subiect thereto, since God doth permit it in diuers his deareg 1.216 seruants? If men shall grant the diuels exercising his power vpon any man a sufficient euidence to conuince him a witch,g 1.217 there shall thereby be allowed vnto the diuell a largeh 1.218 commis∣sion, which his malice will easily extend beyond the lati∣tude:

as by right obseruation of many learned in their own experiences hath ben•• and may be oft truly noted. I do not deny nor patronage witches or witchcraft, but wish that the proofes and triall thereof may be more carefully and with better circumspection viewed and considered: that rash determination beguile not the wise, nor con∣demne the innocent, vpon whom the diuell can with more nimblenesse and agilitie transferre his owne euill workes, then either they can auoide it, or others easily espie it. E∣uerie thing whereof euerie man cannot giue a reason, is not therefore a miracle. There are many things whereof fewc 1.219 men, many whereof no man can attaine the reason, yet eueried 1.220 man knoweth to haue a reason in nature. Be∣hold a toy for an example. There is seene in the hand of a iugler a thing as it is indeed; sodainly in a moment without perceptible motion, it is againe seenee 1.221 as it is not. That there is a cause of the change who knoweth not? what it is, who knoweth except to whom it hath bene made known? With great wonder andf 1.222 admiration haue diuers in this age shewed mercenarie spectacles, incredibleg 1.223 euen vn∣to the beholding eye, and yet in the actors by meane vnderstandings deprehended to be nothing but agilitie and nimble cunning, by continuall practise and custome working desperatenesse into facilitie. Thus with common wonder haue some walked and danced voon cords. Some are written to haue leaped and danced vpon the edges of sharp swords without hurt vnto thēselues, & with pleasure vnto the beholders. Some haue credibly bene supposed to deuoure daggers and other sharpe and dangerous wea∣pons. That naturally the loadstone draweth iron the mea∣nest know: the reasō or cause the wisest neuer knew. There are wonders in nature, & wonders aboue nature; these are subtilties, the other miracles. That fire and aire, contrary to their ownea 1.224 particular nature of the owne accord de∣scend,

and waters ascend: that the heauie mettals of iron and lead, contrary to their owne naturall motion, should with such admirable swiftnesse, in so short ab 1.225 moment passe so large a distance through the aire, from a small flash of a little flame: these and such like are subtilties, be∣cause the cause and reason thereof doth vnfold it selfe to few, or not to all, yet vnto the learned. That the Sunne should stand still in the firmament, the Moone be ecclip∣sed in no interposition, the bodies of men should flie in the aire, or walke vpon the face of the water; these and the like are miracles, because hereof is neither power nor reason in nature. And as in the former to be easily drawne to admiration, and to ascribe naturall effects to supernatu∣rall causes, is grosse ignorance, so in the latter to enquire naturall causes ind 1.226 supernaturall effects, is profane curio∣sitie. In both these extremes men too commonly erre, the learned for the most part in the latter, the vnlearned in the first; the one tooc 1.227 wise, the other starke fooles. None truly learned, or that truly know the face of nature (whose scho∣lers the learned euer professe themselues) can be vpon the vaine flashes of seeming wonders lightly moued to denie or call into questionf 1.228 the power and force of nature. With therfore the common amazed thoughts of vulgar people, to be blasted by the stupiditie of euery idle feare, to gape after witchcraft, or to make nature a diuell or a bugbeare, must needs be base procliuitie and vnlearned lightnesse. To admit also nothing aboue or beside nature, no witch∣craft, no association with diuels at all, is no lesse madnesse of the opposite and extreame. But those whom true lear∣ning and wisedome hath well instructed, know how to stay themselues, and to consist in a temperate mediocritie betweene both these. The actions of the diuell are disco∣uered by the proper notes and difference. First they are e∣uer c 1.229 euill, either in themselues or in their end. Secondly, they are aboued 1.230 the power and course of nature and rea∣son. This appeareth manifestly in his violent cariage of so many heards of swine headlong into the sea, mentioned in

the Gospell: in his bringing fire from aboue so sodainly to deuoure so many thousands of Iobs sheepe. These, with other such like, carry in their mischiefe and hurt the stamp of such an author, and in the transcendente 1.231 and supernatu∣rall power thereof, the testimonie of a spirit. This is plaine, and by these notes men may learne to distinguish between an imaginarie and a reall diuellish practise. Now the doubt remaineth, how we may in these workes and practi∣ses of the diuell, detect the conuersation and commerce of men. I do not conceiue how any markes in the flesh or bo∣die of any one, may be any triall or manifest proofe: for be∣sides the grant, thatg 1.232 likenesse may deceiue, who can as∣sure me that the diuell may not as easily, secretly and in∣sensibly marke the flesh of men as their soules vnto destru∣ction? If the diuell may marke them without their know∣ledge and consent, shall his malice be their offence? or how shall I be assured he cannot so do? He that can do the greater, can do the lesse. He that could giue vnto the Son of God a view of all the kingdomes of the world in one instant (which was no doubt a speciall straine of his vtmost spirituall cunning, considering he was then to deale with wisedome it selfe) can that cunning finde no meanes to make a small scarre, impresse or tumor in flesh? Who dare presume to say, God will not suffer him? Who euer so farre entred into the counsell of God, or measured what therein he doth permit? If no holy writ, no reason manifest it, proud and blasphemously daring is obseruation in so infinite and vnmeasurable a subiect. I denie not that the diuell by couenant may sucke the bodies and bloud of wit∣ches, in witnesse of their homage vnto him; but I denie a∣ny marke (of neuer so true likenesse or perfect similitude) sufficient condemnation vnto any man; and beside and a∣boue

all other notes or marks whatsoeuer, iudge it chiefly and principally and first to be required, that both the di∣uelsd 1.233 propertie therein, & also the partiese 1.234 consent thereto may be iustly and truly euicted, which is oft too lightly weighed. It may be with good reason iudged, that the di∣uell doth not blush to be both bold and cunning, there to set his marke, yea and make his claime where he hath no interest. But when the diuell doth appeare in workes and signes proper to himselfe, and therewith shall be euident either directly or by good consequent the act of any man consenting or cooperating, there law may iustly take hold to censure; and there also the former presumptions and markes (denied sufficiencie while alone and single) may now concurring be admitted and allowed. I speake not this in contradiction of other learned iudgements, but re∣taining the libertie of mine owne, and leauing the like e∣quanimitie to euery one. Nor do I denie or defend diuel∣lish practises of men or women, but desire onely to mode∣rate the generall madnesse of this age, which ascribeth vn∣to witchcraft whatsoeuer falleth out vnknowne or strange vnto a vulgar sense. Concerning diseases therefore, it will not here also be impertinent or vnprofitable to deliuer many their strange seeming formes from the too ordinarie iniurious imputation in this kind. It is manifest and appa∣rent, that the mixture and implication of diuers and diffe∣ring diseases in the same subiect, may and do oft bring forth a wild and confused concourse of accidents seeming ther∣fore

of monstrous and wondered shapes, and therefore in their deceiuing appearance coming very neare vnto the similitude of bewitching. But because euery eye is not able in so various a chaos toe 1.235 analyse and reduce them vnto their seuerall heads, and proper diseases, (so intricately confounded one within another) it is not therefore suffi∣cient for reputing them as things without causes in na∣ture. Many diseases single, alone and apart by themselues, seeme strange and wondered, which therefore in their strange formes vnited, and in their mixture one with an∣other, must needs arise much more monstrous and Hydra∣like. For example, in one kindf 1.236 of disease, the whole body as it were in a minute is sodainly taken in the middestg 1.237 of some ordinary gesture or action, and therein is continued some space together as if frozen generally, starke and stiffe in all parts, without sense or motion, yet with eyes wide open, andh 1.238 breathing freely, as if it were a mouing image or a liuing carcasse. In another, the sicke are also sodainly taken or surprised with a senslessei 1.239 trance and generall astonishment or sideration, voide of all sense or mouing many houres together, onely the breath sometimes stri∣ueth and laboureth `against the danger of suffocation, and the pulse continueth. In another, the sicke are swiftly sur∣prised with so profound and deadly a sleepe,c 1.240 that no call, no crie, no noise, nod 1.241 stimulation can in many houres a∣wake and raise them. In another, the sicke are doubtfully held, in some parte 1.242 waking, and in other part sleeping, in some respects, maners and parts expressing wakefull moti∣ons, sense, speech, right apprehension, memory and imagi∣nation; in other respects, parts and maners (as men slee∣ping) voide of the libertie or vse of sense, motion, or any the other faculties. The forme of this disease, Hippocrates

hath very fitly assimilated to the shapef 1.243 and fashion of drunkennesse, whose ordinarily knowne effects are in some things busie wakefulnesse, in other some at the same time dull sleepinesse; in some imaginations, apprehensi∣ons, senses and motions quicke and readie, in some with as apparent vrgence, yet senslesse and dead. Contrary to these formes, in some other diseases there arise continuall stirrings and depraued motions through all the partsh 1.244 of the bodie, contrary to the will, and beside the sense and power of the sicke. This is seene commonly ini 1.245 falling sick∣nesses, diuers kinds of conuulsions, and the like. In these diseases,g 1.246 some bite their tongues and flesh, some make fearfull and frightfull shrinkings and outcries, some are vio∣lently tossed and tumbled from one place vnto another, some spit, some froth, some guash their teeth, some haue their faces continually deformed and drawne awrie, some haue all parts wrested and writhed intok 1.247 infinite vgly shapes. Some haue their heads violently wrested forward, and their faces behind. Some haue their eyes with inordi∣nate twincklings, rauings, and rollingsa 1.248 disfigured. Some haue their mouthes distorted into diuers formes, grin∣ning, mowing,b 1.249 laughing, sometimes gaping widec 1.250 open, sometimes close shutting. Some haue their limbes and di∣uers members sodainly with violence snatched vp and ca∣ried aloft, and after suffered by their owne weight to fall againe. Some haue an inordinate leapingd 1.251 and hopping of the flesh, through euery part of the body. In some dis∣eases the mind is as strangely transported into admirable visions and miraculous apparitions, as the body is meta∣morphosed into the former strange shapes. In many ordi∣nary diseases, in the oppressions of the braine, in feauers,

the sicke vsually thinke themselues to see thingsf 1.252 that are not, but in their owne abused imaginarie and false con∣ceit. Sometimes with their fingers they hunt for flockes and flies, and with narrow eyes prie for puppets and toyes, working in the consistory of their owne braines. Some∣times they complaine of their friends and others to lie vpon them, to creepe or sit vpon them, to stop their winds, to endeuour to cut their throates, and the like. Sometimes they complaine ofg 1.253 diuels or witches, liuely describing their seeming shapes and gestures toward them. Some in sicknesses so farre forget themselues, that they haue not so much memorie as of their ownek 1.254 names, or their most familiar friends. Some aboue all perswasion or reason to the contrary, strongly imagine themselues vnreasonable h 1.255 creatures. Some crie out and flie fromi 1.256 waters when none are neare: some from fire, and likewise from many other supposed feares, in their vanitie infinite, as in their present and sodaine appearance vnto the beholder full of amazement. How can these like accidents, or any of them euen single and alone in their seuerall peculiar shapes a∣part, but seeme wondered? Much more when diuers of them, most or many of them, as it sometimes falleth out, are confusedly together so compounded, that at once in the sicke, a man may see a part of one and a part of ano∣ther, a shew of many, and a perfect shape of none; must they needes not onely affright a common beholder, but sometimes also exercise the better iudgements. I saw hereof in the yeare 1608. a rare example, which both for illustration of that which hath bene said, and the instru∣ction of other that may hereafter hap to behold the like, and especially for the contentment of many eye witnesses (both worthy and desirous therein to be satisfied) I may not omit. A gentleman of ancient name and seare in War∣wickshire, in the time of the late memorable long frost, cal∣led me vnto his daughter afflicted in an vnknowne and strange sodaine manner, both vnto her parents, friends, & neighbours, and also somee 1.257 Physitions therein consulted.

A vehement shaking and violent casting forward of her head, euery day in a much maruelled fashion surprised her about three or foure of the clocke each afternoone, and so vsually continued vntill the twelfth houre of the night: e∣uery such shaking or casting of her head, ending with a loud and shrill inarticulate sound of these two sillables, ipha, ipha. After my first sight, I discouered these before wondered motiues to be nothing else but sneesings and sternutations, which in all men haue their different and a 1.258 diuers noyses, and in her were more then ordinarily vio∣lent. To confirme and settle this iudgement, I gaue both by writing and speech prediction of a sequele, either of the falling sicknessec 1.259 or some other spice or species of conuul∣sion, so grounding vpon the continuall violence and vehe∣mence of the sternutation, and the great oppression of the braine, together with some obscure contractions of some parts alreadie begunne, though haply of others vnobser∣ued. In the meane season before my departure at that time in few dayes the grieuousnesse, length, and frequence of the former fits was much mitigated and grew more easie, and so continued the space of a fortnight after my returne from thence. This time last mentioned expired, sodainly the parents againe sent for me: from them I learned that their daughter after diuers tortures of her mouth and face, with staring and rolling of her eyes, scrawling and tum∣bling vpon the ground, grating and gnashing her teeth, was now newly fallen intoh 1.260 a deadly trance, wherein she had continued a whole day, representing the verie shape and image of death, without all sense or motion: her pulse or breathing onely witnessing a remainder of life. With these fits (oft in the meane season first frequenting) at length she againei 1.261 interchanged new, and then awa∣king out of her astonished sleepe, wistly casting her eyes as looking sometime behind her, sometime to the one

k 1.262 side, sometime to the other; sometime ouer her head (as if she had fearefully or frightfully espied somewhat hag∣ging about her) with her eyes staring open, her mouth wide gaping, and her hands and armes strongly distent & carried aloft aboue her head, together with a generall starknesse & stifnesse of al these parts, she spent many daies in this maner, both day and night iterating these fits, and each seuerall fit continuing the space sometimes of halfe an houre, sometimes a quarter of an houre. While these fits at any time discontinued, she either slept, or (at least all her outward senses slumbring) her imagination still led her hands vnto many and diuers continuall actions and mo∣tiues, which argued in their folly great fatuitie andd 1.263 de∣fect of reason and vnderstanding, yet manifested the busi∣nesse and depraued motion of her oppressed imagination, which therefore continuallye 1.264 imployed her fingers to i∣mitate many vsuall exercises of her health (as dressing and attiring the heads of such women as came neare vnto her. In all these actions and motions she neither had nor vsed the helpe of any other sense but onely the feeling f 1.265 with her hand, whereof she seemed also altogether de∣priued ing 1.266 all other things, except onely those whereto her imagination (which is mistresse and great comman∣der of all the senses) leadh 1.267 her feeling. Hereof was oft made triall by pinching and the like, whereof she tooke no care, nor was therby moued, except onely when there∣by haply they intercepted or interposed her feeling and the imagined obiect, whereof she was euer for the most part very sensible. After I had with much assiduitie and di∣ligence by some quicke medicines solicited nature to a better remembrance of her selfe, at length vpon a sharpe prouocation she immediatly answered our desired hope, and we then first gained her sense of her selfe with some comfortable words, and with a perfect returnei 1.268 of her vn∣derstanding

the distinct vtterance of diuers short, but de∣uout inuocations of God, vnto the singular comfort of her parents, hauing before beheld her three weekes together bothl 1.269 speechlesse and senslesse. Her speech shortly againe (after the operation of the medicine had taken the vsuall effect) departed, but her better sense and vnderstanding still remained, which by herc 1.270 pen she signified, and there∣withall an holy mind and thoughts rare in such an impe (being then vnder the thirteenth yeare of her age) with an inward feeling of her agony and affliction, oft blessing God, and therein honouring her vertuous and carefull e∣ducation. Thus after much labour by the grace of God, and good means (for so they proued thēselues euer by the im∣mediate sequele of good vnto them) we at length obtai∣ned the continuance of all her senses. Her tonge 1.271 remained stillg 1.272 vnperfect, yet continually moued it selfe to force a certaine imitation of speech, with a mumbling, which (though no plaine articulate sound of words) yet vnto those that were thereto accustomed, oft intelligible and well perceiued. Sometimes perfect speechf 1.273 sodainly and vnexpectedly would come vnto her, but staied not con∣stant nor long. In this meane season I imparted vnto her parents my doubt of a hard condition, namely a palsie or maime in some part likely to be annexed vnto her recoue∣rie, if she suruiued her conuulsiue fits which still remained as before mentioned. Betweene hope and this feare we continued endeuour, and in the end by the infinite good∣nes of God, her fits before mentioned (namely of gaping and carying her armes distent aboue her head) with the rest decreased, now discontinuing all day, onely foure or fiue short fits euery night when she first lay downe in

bed continued, and with the decrease of the former ve∣hemence and fearefull continuall frequence of the said fits, succeeded (as was before feared) a palsie, which pos∣sessed both her legs with a senslesse deadnesse, and a gene∣rall stupiditie of one side of her bodie, being the ordinarie terminations of an Apoplexie, and therfore foredoubted. After she had continued in this hopefull forwardnesse the space of two moneths or thereabout, she was then com∣mended vnto the Bath, with my report and description of her former passed accidents vnto her Physition there, where after much and long feare and doubt, she began at length to yeeld better hope, finding by little and little the vse of her legs, onely the former small fits did still hand fast, and her speech as yet remainedh 1.274 vnperfected. Her legges being at Bath, began there to recouer; her speech shortly afteri 1.275 her returne home from thence also followed, and all her former fits and complaints vanished before that k 1.276 sommer passed. It hath bene and is still a great doubt and question, not onely among the common and vulgar sort, but diuers also learned, whether this gentlewoman (in maner aforesaid afflicted) shall iustly be ranked among those vpon whom (by the permission of God) diuels and witches haue had a power, or whom nature and the course of naturall diseases haue thus in maner aforesaid afflicted. My owne iudgement must needs incline vnto the latter, for that I could behold in the gentlewoman nothing (most continually conuersing with her) which either my eies had not before shewed me in others, or perfect notion from reading both ancient writings and later neotericall descriptions, had not before made the samel 1.277 vnto my vn∣derstanding, which they then presented themselues vnto my sight. The first is in part testified in the margine of the page 59. 60. and 64. The second, any man may witnesse true who can compare the report of all the fits and accidents which befell this gentlewoman (which as truly and nearly as I could, and I suppose fully, by the testimony of any that saw her, I haue related) with the seuerall shapes of some

diseases before mentioned, pages 59. 60. 61. 62. which are truly set downe according to the common consent of most writers. The mixture of diuers of them one with another, must needs make some difference in them from them∣selues, where they are each alone and seuerall: but he that with that iust allowance of that oddes onely, can consider the particular accidents in the speciall example, with the true notion of the diseases before it generally described, must needs grant them to be the same in kind and nature. It may farther perswade, that my selfe with reason from the knowne custome and nature of such diseases, gaue both by speech and writing, prediction of the conuulsion which after followed, and also of the termination of herg 1.278 Apo∣plecticke accessions in the lamenesse and palsie of some parts, which also came to passe, and cannot now be denied testimonie of many. It maketh yet farther against the opi∣nion of witchcraft, that such medicines as were ministred vnto her, in reason good for her, according to that reason and expectation for the most part euer profited, some∣times immediately with their vse reducing her vnderstan∣ding before lost, sometime recouering her speech when she had diuers weekes together before continued speech∣lesse, and by litle and litle euermore repairing continually some decayes, notwithstanding many and diuers relapses; which both her parents themselues, and the seruants, and all that ministred vnto her, must needs vnto God and truth with thankes acknowledge. It farther confirmeth the ne∣gatiue of witchcraft, and is not the least, that while the o∣pinion thereof most hotly possessed most hearers and be∣holders, the parents of the gentlewoman at no time in the height of their daughters affliction, or a good space after, could resolue vpon whom with any iust shew of reason to cast the suspition of bewitching, as they oft auouched vn∣to me both then and since. The most certaine and chiefe proofesh 1.279 of witchcraft & diuellish practises vpon the sick, among the learned esteemed are generally reputed three:

First, a true and iudicious manifestation in the sicke of some reall power, act or deed, in, aboue and beyond rea∣son and naturall cause. Secondly, annihilation and frustra∣tion of wholesome and proper remedies, with discretion and art administred, without any iust reason or cause thereof. Thirdly, ought either in the knowledge or speech of the diseased, discouering a rauishment, possession or ob∣session of their minds or spirits by any infernall inspiration. Hence the sicke oft speake strange languagesf 1.280 vnto them∣selues vnknowne, and prophecie things to come, aboue humane capacitie. To the first doth satisfie the former ma∣nifest reference of all accidents befalling the gentlewo∣man mentioned, vnto the preualence and power of disea∣ses before related. The second is negatiuely answered by plaine testimonies. Of the third and last was neuer men∣tion, nor question, nor reason of either. There can nothing be required more vnto ample satisfaction: and as I there∣in rest and stay my selfe, so I doubt not the consent and content of all that affect truth and embrace reason. I will notwithstanding for the better exercising and stirring vp of diligence, circumspection and vigilance, generally in this so hard and deceiuable point of witchcraft, and also for their sakes, whose weaknesse may as yet be vncapable of satisfaction in the former particular, answer some ob∣iections therein made. The forenamed conuulsiue fits, of lifting vp her hands aboue her head,* 1.281 which were the last remaining fits, toward their decay and latter end, neuer came vnto her but onely when prepared at the night for bed, and vnclothed into her night-weeds, she began to yeeld and decline her body to lie downe. In that instant, each night without failing, euer and neuer before began her fits. When she at any time lay her selfe downe to rest vpon her bed in her clothes (whether by day or night) her fits notwithstanding appeared not. Some haue imagined some coniuration or witchcraft vpon or in her nightcloths or sheets; but to them that seek reason, I suppose it found. The power of voluntary motion, which is the animall fa∣cultie,

and the disease it selfe both possessing the same parts, namely the sinewes and muscles, while the disease was in his vigor and strength in the beginning, it therfore mastered the facultie and mouing power, and continually ruled, so that the fits then neuer almost ceassed by day or night. Now in the declination and weaknesse of the dis∣sease, and toward the end, the facultie grew strong, re∣strained and commanded ouer the disease, whereby all the day there appeared no fits at all. But when the mo∣uing power or facultie composed it selfe to a true and generall cessation and rest, then in that instant the disease tooke his aduantage and libertie to stirre.* 1.282 But why was it not thus also when she slept in her clothes? The sense and incumbrance of the day-habite is euer an hinderance of perfect sleepes. Therefore to them that sleepe in their clothes, or vpon their beds, commonly there is not so true a ligation of their senses, neither are their sleepes so sound, nor of the like continuance. While therefore she lay or composed her selfe to rest in her clothes, the sense thereof both interrupted the facultie from the true and sound disposing it selfe to rest, and also thereby put it in mind of the disease which had so lately sharply visited it, with tart remembrance; and the disease being now too weake to resist or to prouoke the facultie, could not vpon that vnperfect aduantage stirre, vntill by a more sound and true dispose to rest and sleepe, the spirits and naturall heate more truly retiring inward, had more perfectly left the outward parts, and thereby the disease there still re∣maining might haue more libertie and power to stirre, which notwithstanding also soone after of the owne ac∣cord desisted, because it wanted the former strength to maintain continuance.* 1.283 That which breedeth other doubts, is that at such time when she wanted all her senses, and al∣together seemed senslesse of any obiect offered vnto her, or of it selfe occurring, yet had she a curious feeling of such things as her minde and liking sought or seemed to hunt after. This is no wonder to them that know where

the imagination intently and earnestly worketh, it there giueth sense to thosed 1.284 parts it exerciseth, though all other parts be stupified or asleepe. This is oft seene in many who in their dreames walke, talk, and do seriously many works, distinguishing and feeling those things whereabout the fancie occupieth them, of other obiects, though haply more neare hand and of quicker remembrance, taking no notice at all. The disease or accident which most oft and frequently possessed this gentlewoman, was a kinde of e 1.285 heaue sleepe, in degree onely exceeding the ordinarie resolution and ligation of the senses by sleepe, and there∣fore the same reason may indifferently serue both. It is farther obiected, that the gentlewoman oft pointed, some∣time this way, sometime that, as seeing the appearance of a woman of such and such forme and colours, which also according vnto her maner of vnperfect speech, she after described, as some say. It is not vnusuall with the sicke oft to imagine indifferently, as well things inconsiderate andf 1.286 incomposed as truths, and therefore are their imagi∣nations of nog 1.287 validitie without better proofe or reason, which I thinke before sufficiently satisfied. And in this gentlewoman (hauing her head, where her disease had so manifestly deeply seated it selfe, therefore so mightily op∣pressed) it was more easie for any faculitie therein to mis∣take and erre, then to conceiue aright. And therefore though it might haply manifestly appeare (which may be and is ordinarily rather the abusiue impression of some in∣discreete h 1.288 whispering about the sicke) that she of her selfe primarily and without suggestion conceiued the forme or shape of a witch, yet is that no sound proofe or clearing of the question of witchcraft in generall, nor any reasona∣ble euidence against one particular, since the trials of truth are not sterred by imaginations. It is lastly obiected, that certaine witches lately dying for sorcerie, haue confessed themselues to haue bewitched this gentlewoman. I grant the voluntary and vncompelled, or duly and truly euicted confession of a witch, to be sufficient condemnation of her

selfe, and therefore iustly hath the law laid their bloud vpon their owne heads, but their confession I cannot con∣ceiue sufficient euiction of the witchcraft it selfe. It is knowne euidently vnto men learned, that the subtill ser∣pent and deceiuer the diuell doth vsually beguile, delude and deceiue those that trust in him by his iugling collusi∣ons, perswading oft times those actions and euents to be his gratification of their malicious affections, which are indeed the very workes of nature, and oft times the rare effects onely of hidden causes in nature. A witches con∣fession therefore being onely grounded vpon his credite, information and suggestion, whose nature, custome and propertie is and euer hath bene to lie and deceiue, is a meane, poore and vncertaine proofe of witchcraft, though a iust condemnation vnto the witch, her selfe being pro∣ued an associate with the diuell in any sort. Her death therefore doth satisfie the law for her offence, but is no sound information of the iudgement of the witchcraft. Thus according to that whereof my selfe could take no∣tice in this gentlewoman (if more full information of o∣thers obseruations in those things that by my selfe were not seene or noted, faile me not) I haue truly and fully de∣scribed euery materiall accident and circumstance; and to all the knowne or conceiued likely doubts and difficul∣ties therein haue carefully and directly answered, and therein also haue (I suppose) satisfied the ingenuous and reasonable with breuitie at full. Now to conclude the former explication of the question of witchcraft in gene∣rall, I intreate the Reader to call vnto mind the formerly mentioned feares and doubts of witchcraft, which vn∣knowne accidents and diseases easily impose vpon mindes herein vnacquainted and not discerning their cause and reason, and in them farther for future good to consider the possible contingence of many more of like nature and sort in other the like cases elsewhere hapning, and here vn∣mentioned. In both and with both let also be recalculate and cast the strange and slie suggestions of the fancie and

imagination, sometimes countenanced by admired casuall euents and chances, sometimes applauded by ignorant credulitie, and sometimes aduanced by superstition in all and euery of these still with the vulgar sort, aduantaging the same error and opinion of witchcraft. I haue so much the rather thus farre laboured, for that ordinarily herein I see truth and iudgement too much peruerted, the disea∣sed their health and life thereby neglected, and many times simple ideots and fooles oppressed, whose weaknes doth oft seeme guiltie, because euer vnable to defend it selfe. Euery one in these cases is not fit or competent arbi∣ter: it requireth the learned, and not learned in word and superficiall seeming, but indeed truly iudicious and wise, whom euer to preconsult in these occasions is onely safe, is right, expedient, and euer necessary.

CHAP. IX.

Wisards.

THe mentione of witchcraft doth now occa∣sion the remembrance in the next place of a sort of practitioners,* 1.289 whom our custome and country doth call wisemen and wise∣women, reputed a kind of good & honest harmles witches or wisards, who by good words, by hallowed herbes and salues, and other supersti∣tious ceremonies promise to allay and calme diuels, pra∣ctises of other witches, and the forces of many diseases. But these being of the same nature with those before men∣tioned to vse spels, and as they before, so these now some∣times onely superstitiously vaine, sometimes diuellishly as∣sisted, I will referre these vnto them, and onely dismisse them both with a short historie. Anno 1602. a poore boy of Pychley in Northamptonshire, was sodainly surprised with a vehement conuulsion, drawing his head and heeles violentlyh 1.290 backward, and in that sort carrying his whole body into a roundnesse, tumbling vp and downe with

much paine and inward groning. The parents of the child posed with the strangenesse, presently accusedi 1.291 witchcraft, sent for a wisewoman, & her wisedome came vnto them. At the same time it fortuned my selfe to be in the towne with a patient of mine, a worthy and vertuous Lady there inhabiting, who moued me to see the bewitched child, and vpon the motion together with her Preacher then liuing in her house, I went vnto the place where the child lay. There among other standing silent and vnknowne, I be∣held the fits, & heard also the wisewoman wisely discour∣sing, and among other things of the like nature, declaring vnto the cōpany, that the lungs of the child were as white asc 1.292 her kercher. With this and some other such like ker∣cher learning, Id 1.293 silenty departed. When I was returned vnto my patient, I there professed my opinion concerning the manner and nature of conuulsions with their seuerall causes, amongst the rest not omitting the strange accidents which did oft fall out in such diseases by wormes. Not long after, when the cunning of the wisard was now growne without profite, stale and forsaken, the child a∣uoyded a great and long worme, and immediatly after re∣couered without other helpe or meanes, and so hath con∣tinued euer since. Thus the serpent beguiled the woman, and the woman beguiled (though not Adam) many foo∣lish sonnes of Adam. At length a poore worme gaue them demonstration of their ridiculous folly. Such teachers are fittest for such schollers, whose grosse ignorance is euer so farre in loue with it owne preiudicate conceite, that though they were brayed in a mortar, yet cannot this loue be beaten out of them for any loue of truth or rea∣son. I did not therefore trouble them with my patience to instruct them, nor they molest me with their impatience to heare.

CHAP. X.

Seruants of Physitions. Ministring helpers.

NoW to fulfill our iust computation of Em∣perickes, and therewith to conclude their mention and number: the last (but not the least) that offer themselues ordinarily in this kind and name, are suchas either by oft seruing Physitions,* 1.294 or by continuall conuersing with them and viewing their custome and pra∣ctise, or by their owne imploymenta 1.295 from their directions in applications and administrations vnto the sicke, or by some speciall trust and attendance about the necessities of the diseased, ingrosse vnto themselues supposed speciall obseruations, and choice and select remedies, and with such small wares thus taken vp vpon credite, setb 1.296 vp for themselues, presuming it good rhetoricke (because an old figure) to take a part for the whole. Thus seeing too much honesty would not suffer them to rob their teachers of a more sufficient portion of generall methode and art, they thinke it sufficient to be able to supply the same particular meanes with the like desire and goodwill. But apish imita∣tion and resembling shew can neuer expresse the life of reason in her natiue vse. Although therefore sometimes some of this sort, by subtiltie, a good wit, officious dili∣gence, and thereby pleasing fortunatenesse, do angle a good report and estimation, and thereby catch many sim∣ple c 1.297 people (who hoodwinkt with good opinion discerne not the baite) yet doth their commonly obserued daring those things which they know they know not, and their ordinary raising themselues by the ladder of boasting, ma∣nifestly detect, both their cloaked defect, and their choa∣ked guilt. For what expectation can be of them who for the most part build their whole worth vpon the meanest proofe of anothers sufficiencie, and all the skill which they are able to expend, is but that little which another without

enuy or ielousie could spare? Timely and well growne per∣fection is neuer to be attained either by seruice or bare obseruation. It is necessary that man be in himselfe a mai∣ster of knowledge and of sincere iudgement, that shall be able truly to make right vse of anothers experience. Ex∣periece therefore alone, and the benefite of a Physitions seruice or admission vnto the view of practise, without the benefite of sufficient generall theorie and learning going before, can in it selfe be no true benefite. It is reason and knowledge that doth guide men wise vntod 1.298 all their par∣ticular actions and experiences, and those actions succee∣ding in triall and proofe according to that reason com∣mend and confirme that reason, and made good that ex∣perience. For that which experience hath once or ofttimes knowne and found to do good, must not therefore in ne∣cessitie still doe 1.299 the same good, except the same reason of the good do in each circumstance againe commend and command it, which onely they can iudge and examine that are wise and learned. That experience therefore is onely certainly and truly allowed trust, which prouing it selfe good doth therein also iustifieg 1.300 the knoweldge and reason which directed it vnto that good. They therefore that without methode, art, reason andf 1.301 knowledge, take care to spend their time in gaping after others experien∣ces, do set the cart to draw the horses, and euery one that goeth vnto plough, knoweth they either neuer went to schoole, or beginne their lesson at the wrong end. By this preposterous defect therefore, and therein want of know∣ledge to foresce the likely issues of their actions, since these Emperickes themselues know not, not truly forsee what they indeauour or do, how shall others that trust them know what thereby they shall suffer? Prouident foresight is farre from blind ignorance, and wise preuention from imprudent temeritie, and the experiment made without ait or reason dothb 1.302 more commonly reproue and chastise, then instruct and establish. Neither can any man make a true rule or vse of his experience, that truly knoweth not

the particular nature and estate of those things whereof he hath experience, together with all circumstances that may alter the considerations. They therefore that will learne more safely to informe themselues, let them know assuredly, that sufficiency is neuer found in the vtmost ob∣seruation or Empericall tradition, but in a setled and it∣selfe confirming knowledge and vnderstanding. Neither can this true knowledge be duly or competently attained, but by early begunne, and late continuing education thereto, instituted in places fit and free for true grounds, for the groweth and seed of pure and good knowledge, instilled into the minde by littlef 1.303 and little, by daily reading, contemplation, meditation, and assiduitie in both, watered with the dew and sweate of painfull studie, hastened to maturitie by carefull and continuall good cul∣ture g 1.304 of ancient counsell and direction, and lastly confir∣med and strengthned in the good and perfect groweth vnto a firme age and time there in by choyce example and experience, withall these possessing anh 1.305 aptnesse in nature as the ground of all.

The end of the first Booke.

Notes

• a 1.1

  Remedia si ab indoctis Medi∣cis vsurpentur sunt venena, si verò à doctis & exercitatis, De∣orum sunt auxi∣liares manus. Herophil.
• b 1.2

  〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. Aristot:
• c 1.3

  Homo incon∣sultus & teme∣rarius futura non videt. Cicero.
• d 1.4

  Id solum be∣ne fit quod fit opportunè. Plato.
• e 1.5

  in alijs 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 in alijs 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.
• f 1.6

  Omnes intelle∣ctus mentisq́ue habitus ad vnius prudētiae com∣plementum de∣siderantur, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, &c. Aristot.
• g 1.7

  Fronte capillata, post est occasio calua.
• h 1.8

  〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. Aristot.
• i 1.9

  〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. &c. Hippoc. Aph 1.
• k 1.10

  Principium medendi cog∣nitio morbi, minimusq́ue er∣ror in illius ig∣noratione com∣missus est max∣imus in fine. Galen. de Meth. med.
• l 1.11

  Accessu quali∣tatis pestiferae & deleteriae.
• m 1.12

  Hinc alia 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 in qui∣bus 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, alia 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. &c.
• n 1.13

  Symptoma crudeliter saeui∣ens à morbo a∣uocat. Hinc cu∣ratio duplex ha∣betur, haec re∣gularis, illa co∣acta.
• o 1.14

  Haec est illa 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 acerrime con∣iectans, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 intuēs summa ingenij sagacia.
• p 1.15

  AEgritudines aliae manifestae, aliae occultae, aliae difficiles cognitu, aliae fa∣ciles, aliae incō∣prehensae nisi exquisita & sub∣tili aestimatione. Auicenna tract. de horis AEgrit.
• q 1.16

  Summè haec spectanda in Medico vt tutè, iucundè, celeri∣tèr salutem ex∣pediat.
• r 1.17

  Quemadmo∣dum duae sunt primae & com∣munissimae morborum causae, Plethora & Cacochymia, sic totidem oportet esse communissima re∣media purgationem debitam, & idoneam opportunamq́ue sanguinis missionem, &c.
• s 1.18

  Aegritudines in alias aliae facilè mutantur. Auicen. de dis∣pos. Aegrit,
• t 1.19

  〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. Hippoc. Aphor. l. 2.
• u 1.20

  〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. Non est cuiusuis ma∣lum in initio ex∣o••iens dignos∣cere. A••stot. in Polit.
• x 1.21

  〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. Latet cor∣ruptio quia non tota simul fit, decipiturque mens ab illa. Aristot. in Polit.
• y 1.22

  A vaporosae & aereae substātiae occulto subtili∣q́ue seminario imperceptibili∣ter nouos & in∣auditos ob••epe∣••e humano generi affectus ignotum nō est. Hinc Galenus lib. 1. praedicti∣onum interpre∣tatur illud 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Hippocratis, ambientis aeris efficaciā▪ quod insensibili rati∣one, ideoq́ue miris modis corpora immu∣tare soleat. Hoc non modo in aere pestilenti conspicuum, sed & in pluribus exhalationum generibus per aerem diffusis clam, & celeri∣ter quasi syde∣rantibus.
• z 1.23

  Hinc febres catarrhosae, & ab his latentes 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, cachex∣iae etiam occul∣t•• obrepentes, tota ••aepe san∣guinis massa à catarrho conta∣minata dum in venas delabitur, saepe diuersis corporis partibus imperceptibiliter lacessitis, saepe manifesto maleficio oppressis, prout per arterias, musculos, neruos, aut occultos & latentes meatus praecipitata à capite fertur pituita.
• a 1.24

  I condemne not a plentifull and liberall vse thereof when a∣ny necessitie or neede with rea∣son and iudge∣ment conduct thereto, but the ordinary, fond and needelesse custome therof, led by no per∣swasion of any foreseene good or benefite, must needes fall into the cō∣mon errors and harmes of vseles and needelesse actions.
• b 1.25

  Rato antece∣dentem scelestū Deseruit pede poena claudo. Horat.
• c 1.26

  Quot sunt qui solo victu com∣petenti citra vllum discrimen ab affectibus li∣berari possint, qui praeter rem pharmacis con∣tunduntur? Brudus de vict. febricit.
• d 1.27

  Vidi quos in pemiciem trax∣erit solum sim∣plex apozema ex numaria cum senae folijs temerè exhibitis: nam corpus totum in colliquantem fluxum traxit. Heurnius in Aphor. Hippocr.
• e 1.28

  Quem saepe transit casus, ali∣quando inuenit, Senec.
• f 1.29

  Graues affert mutationes & perniciosas saepe Cassia, pertur∣bat, distendit, di∣storquet cum molestis deli∣quijs in naturis & temperamē∣tis biliosis. Quercit. de tot. capit. Affectib.
• g 1.30

  In lienteria, in ventriculi imbe∣cillitate in flati∣bus, in renum vlceribus & ve∣sicae notissima sunt mala.
• h 1.31

  Siccis corpori∣bus non parum nocet.
• i 1.32

  In humoris turgescentia, ni∣mia tenuitate▪ ichore susque deque fluido.
• k 1.33

  〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. Hippoc. Apho∣ris.
• l 1.34

  Haec sunt 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. Communem materiem edu∣centia.
• m 1.35

  Aph. 18. lib. 4. Aph. 17. lib. 4.
• n 1.36

  Perdere quos vult Iupiter, hos dementat. Senec.
• o 1.37

  〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, Euripid.
• a 1.38

  Quae sub sen∣sum non cadunt mentis vis & ra∣tio percipit. Gal.
• b 1.39

  Mente per∣specta & ratio∣ne generatim comprehensa, sensuum fide cognoscimus magis & stabi∣limus. Gal••••. de sect.
• c 1.40

  Duplex igno∣rantium medi∣corum genus. Alterum eorum qui sola experi∣entia nitun∣tur, aiuntq́ue nullius rei natu∣ram posse ratio∣ne inueniri. Al∣terum eorum qui sibi nomen sapientiae vindicant, & licet parem habeant cum prioribus ignorantiam, opinionem tamen scientiae sunt aucupati. Sed eorum inscitia inde habet initium quòd in rationalibus scientijs nequaquam sunt exercitati, quae nos ritè distinguere & secernere do∣cent ••as propositiones quae demonstrandi vim habent, ab ijs quae probabilitatem quidem continent, nihil autē veri possunt aut demonstrare aut inuenire. Gal. lib. 1. de different. febr.
• d 1.41

  Ideo impositum est iudicium tanquam praetor quidam ad inuentorum & obiectorum perpensionem. Sensus enim apprehensio est simplex, non iungit aut disiungit, neque iudicat, sed aliavis interna per sensum intellectum promouet. Scalig. de Sbutil.
• e 1.42

  Empiricir ati∣••nem negant, sensum recipiunt. Galen libr. de Sectis.
• f 1.43

  Hinc 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. &c.
• g 1.44

  Ars vsus rerū incertos certis legibus coercet, Scalig. de Subt.
• h 1.45

  Omnibus in rebus prudenter agendis ratio pro suasore ha∣benda, vsus pro duce. Scalig.
• i 1.46

  Prudentia est habitus qui de∣ducit omnia sua facta è rationi∣bus ad fines suos sine offensione. Dicimus enim prudenter factū ab Imperatore vbi rectè partes exercitus dis∣posuerit, tamet∣si similes ordi∣nes acierum nunquam antea notos habuerit. Scalig. in Poet.
• k 1.47

  Ad eundem modu•• non potest quidquā saepe videri. As••lepiad.
• l 1.48

  Galenus mor∣borum saepe meminit quos à se nunquam visos profitetur, alios quos se∣mel autbis.
• m 1.49

  〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. Arist. in Eth.
• n 1.50

  Sudor Angli∣cus tam laethalis vt vix cētisimus quisque correp∣tus euaderet. Qui euadebant in morbum bis ter{que} relabebā∣tur, & tandem concidebant. Correpti intra 24. horas animo deficiebant & moriebantur. Hollerius ex Polydoro Vir∣gilio.
• o 1.51

  Rulandus de Dente aureo.
• p 1.52

  Hollerius in ratis obseruati∣onibus.
• q 1.53

  Brasauol. in Aph. Hipp. 18. s. 6.
• r 1.54

  Of Thingede•• in Northamp∣tonshire.
• s 1.55

  Pulsibus ma∣num applicand•• tres modos tra∣dit Galenus lib. de Pulsib. palpa∣tionem, com∣pression••••, modum mediū.
• t 1.56

  Tale quiddam narrat Struthius in arte Sphyg∣mica, propter vulnus acceptū, in brachij arte∣ria pulsationem fieri posse im∣perceptibilem.
• u 1.57

  A Parson-Physition.
• x 1.58

  Hollerius in∣ter raras obser∣uationes virum memorat cui è regione Hepa∣tis vena per in∣terualla dehis∣cebat, quae san∣guinem funde∣bat, posteà san∣guine sponte restitante vesti∣gium nullum apparebat.
• y 1.59

  Of Hac••leton in Northampton shire.
• z 1.60

  Apprentis•• vnto one Iohn Frende.
• a 1.61

  Simile quid∣dam inter raras obseruationes ••arrat Holleri∣us, & Medicus Argentoratensis Didymus Ob∣rechtus de se ip∣so idem refert.
• b 1.62

  Simile quid∣dam narrat Re∣olanus de ae∣gro qui simili materia plures pelues impleue∣rit, & expurga∣tus perfectè, li∣beratus est. Ad∣dit praeterea hu∣iusmodi ab∣scessus prima∣rios nō esse sed epigenemati∣cos, nec verum aut legitimum pus, sed potius 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, dum pi∣tuita in thoraeis capacitatem de∣stillatione lap∣sa morâ coqui∣tur, & fit puri si∣mile.
• c 1.63

  A Principio saniei expurge∣tionis numeran∣do, non genera∣tionis.
• d 1.64

  Non praeclsè necessarium est intra 40 dies vel expurgari, velin pthisin transire, nam & post 40 diem & expurgari & liberari quis potest proculdubio, modò 40 diem non multum ex∣cedat. Brasauol. in Aph. Hipp.
• e 1.65

  Wife vnto Maister Langham of Thornby in Northamp∣tonshire.
• f 1.66

  Wife vnto one Tiplar of Har∣ding stone in Northampton∣shire.
• g 1.67

  Of Woolaston in Northamp∣tonshire.
• h 1.68

  Per artis exer∣citationem cō∣peri eam reme∣diorum inuenti∣onem quae ex vera demon∣stratione proce∣dit in his quae rarò accidunt longè praestare: vnde multos curaui morbos medicamentis ab experientia alienis.
• * 1.69

  Galen••de Locis affect.
• * 1.70

  Hinc ille En••∣piricorum tran∣situs ad simile 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.
• i 1.71

  Similitudo nō affert identitatē.
• k 1.72

  Vnum est ex Principijs hu∣manae sapientiae rerum differen∣tium similitudi∣nes & similium differentias ritè dignoscere. Aristot in Top.
• l 1.73

  Hinc Hectici pulmonarij & hectici à iecore retorrido. &c.
• m 1.74

  Pauci febrem spuriam dupli∣cem à quotidi∣ana distinguunt; nam licet facilè sit febrem cog∣noscere, difficile est hanc ab illa distinguere Sy∣nochus putris & non putris fa∣cilè decipiūt ab eadem materia antecedente na∣tae, cum mate∣riae similitudo similia producat accidentia vt & partium vicini∣tas, continuitas, situs.
• n 1.75

  Aegri febriunt, vehementius vigilant, grauiter se habent quando sunt propinqui crisi. Galen.
• n 1.76

  Semper grauia symp∣tomata crisim antecedunt. Hippo. doctr. Aphor.
• n 1.77

  Vigor morbi est vehementis∣simum totius aegritudiois tē∣pus, quod sequi∣tur crisis.
• * 1.78

  Gal. de Cris. lib. 1.
• o 1.79

  Cogimur à gratis animum suspendere re∣bus, atque vt vi∣uamus, viuere desinimus. Maximian. Historia.
• p 1.80

  Similitudines non modò vul∣gares sed etiam M••dicos erudi∣tosa iquando decipiunt. Galen. in Apho. 2. lib. 4. Hippo.
• q 1.81

  〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. Sensu∣um nullum ex∣istimamus sapi∣entiam. Aristot. Metaph. 1.
• r 1.82

  Sapientis con∣silium vnum multorum ma∣nus superat. Gal. in Suasor. ad Artes.
• * 1.83

  Casus & tem∣pus omnibus rebus accidunt. Ecclesias••e•• 9. 11.
• * 1.84

  Galen. lib. 1. de Aliment. facult.
• s 1.85

  Consi••ium do∣cto res{que} locus∣••ue dabunt. Ouid.
• t 1.86

  〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 &c. Affectuū cog nitio est materia remediorum, non ipsorum re∣mediorum cog∣nitio.
• u 1.87

  Occasio est Domina rerum agendar.
• x 1.88

  Neque do∣ctorum homi∣num sed Empi∣ricorum sunt singulares illae quae circumfe∣runtur ••egulae. Fetrerius de lue Vener.
• y 1.89

  Exhibenda re∣media pro re nata & semper pro circunstan∣tijs variare ali∣quid oportet. Galen de puero epilept.
• z 1.90

  Generalia re∣media semper praemittonda particularibus. Galen. de Loc. affect. 4.
• a 1.91

  Si metus sit in∣flammationis, sanguis mittitur tum è basilica partis affectae ad minuendam plenitudinem, tum de vena po∣plitis ratione partis & mate∣rie coniunctae.
• b 1.92

  Vbi in synocho ob ebullientis sanguinis copi∣am, ex leui oc∣casione irrita∣tam adest suf∣focationis peri∣culum.
• c 1.93

  Perpetuum nō est abstinere phlebotomia cū iam papulae in superficie cor∣poris extitere. Etenim fit ali∣quando prae co∣pia vitij vt pluri∣mum reliquum sit in corpore, vrgeat vehemē∣ter difficultas spirandi, grauis sit febris, quo tempore vena secanda est. Hollerius de Morbillis.
• d 1.94

  Vbi iam malū in habitum cor∣poris euasetit, periculosa est plebotomia. Hollerius.
• e 1.95

  Mulier in vehementissimo dolo∣re stomachi nullis ••••luta remedijs ducto tandem sanguine ex vtraque basilica seruata est. Hippocrat. Epidemion 5.
• e 1.96

  In magno dolore ventris, secanda interna vtriusque brachij, & hoc magis si dolor grauis, si repentinus, si difficilis ructus & spiritus, si febris est, si dolor in dorsum & scapulas extenditur. Hollerius de compos. Medic. tractat. de stomachicis.
• f 1.97

  In Apoplexia pituitosa cere∣brum magis magis••ue san∣gunis priuatio∣ne refrigescit.
• g 1.98

  In Apoplexia sanguinea vincū & singulare re∣medium à phle∣botomia expe∣ctandum.
• h 1.99

  Si pestis cum ephemera aut hectica analogi∣am habeat.
• i 1.100

  Si pestis sit synocho putri similis, & corpus plethoricum.
• k 1.101

  Vbi magnae cacoethiae rati∣one si conturba∣ueris naturam, praecipitas.
• l 1.102

  Vbi humor qui venenum aut contagium conceperit in primis venis substiterit aut in ventriculo.
• m 1.103

  Si hydropis origo à mensi∣um suppressione aut sanguinis multitudine ca∣lidum innatum suffocante manifestò ducatur, à sanguine detracto curandi ratio necessariò est auspicanda.
• n 1.104

  〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. Hippocrat. Aph. lib. 5.
• o 1.105

  Noui quam plurimas quarum aliae abortiunt, aliae foetus edunt parum firmos aut vitales nisi intermedijs mensibus phlebotomia plenitudo minuatur Reolanus.
• o 1.106

  Multae nisi▪ 4. mense releretur vena abortiunt. Foetus enim copia obtuitur. Ferne••ius de Meth. Med.
• o 1.107

  Mulieri grauidae si menses fluxerint liberius sanguinem mittas. Hollerius.
• * 1.108

  Women counsel∣lours. Common∣uisiting counsel∣lour's and com∣menders of medi∣cines.
• a 1.109

  〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. Aristot.
• * 1.110

  Bona institutio triū opus habet, naturae, doctri∣nae, exercitatio∣•• is.
• b 1.111

  Mulieribus nemo nunquam Lycaeum aedifi∣cauerit, aut Se∣naculum statu∣erit.
• * 1.112

  Scalig. de Subtil.
• c 1.113

  〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, &c. Sed & aegrotum, & astantes.
• * 1.114

  Hippoc. Aph. 1.
• * 1.115

  Historiae.
• d 1.116

  Wife vnto one Maister Mercer of Northampton an ancient Al∣derman.
• e 1.117

  Distinguendae vires grauatae & oppressae à languidis & at∣tritis. Hae ma∣iora remedia postulant, illae nullo modo fe∣runt.
• f 1.118

  Firmus puer, robustus senex tuto sanguinis missionem fe∣runt. Fernel.
• f 1.119

  In decrepita aetate sanguinē mittit Rhazes vrgente valde necessitate.
• d 1.120

  In vitium du∣cit culpae fuga si caret arte. Horat.
• h 1.121

  Non est opus valentibus Me∣dico, sed malè habentibus. Mathaei cap. 9.
• i 1.122

  Est enim à Supremo me∣dicus, & à Rege stipendium ac∣cipiet.
• * 1.123

  Ecclesiast. 38. 2.
• i 1.124

  Dominus è terra condidit medicamenta, & prudens ho∣mo non contē∣nit ea.
• * 1.125

  Ecclesiast. 38. 4.
• k 1.126

  Spes laqueo volucres, spes captat arundine pisces, Cum te∣nues hamos abdidit antè ci∣bus.
• * 1.127

  Tibull.
• a 1.128

  In horadolo∣ris vehementis clou•• quicunq•• pe••oulo non ca∣ret. Gal. de victu Febricit.
• b 1.129

  Data tempora prosunt: Et data non apto tempore vina nocent. Ouid.
• c 1.130

  Ijs qui in mor∣bi acumine e∣uacuatione in∣digent, si quis cibum dederit, magnum ope∣ratur malum. Galen. de vict. Febricit.
• c 1.131

  Si quis dolo∣rem alui sub∣ductione vel in∣secta vena sol∣uerit, pro hu∣moris exigen∣tia, & vel paux∣illum ita affectis ptisanam dede∣rit, praecipites aget in mor∣tem. Galen. de vict. Febricit.
• c 1.132

  Si Phlegmone vel redundantia adsit, cauenda ante accessionē cibatio seu res maximè noxia. Gal. de vict. Febricit.
• d 1.133

  Lenissimum saepe erratum in victus ratione irreparabilis damni causa. Galen de vict. Feb.
• e 1.134

  Impia sub dulci melle ve∣nena latent. Ouid.
• a 1.135

  Serò medici∣ā 〈◊〉〈◊〉, Cum mala per longas inualuêre mo∣ras. Ouid.
• d 1.136

  Foelix qui∣cunque dolore Alterius disces posse carere. tuo. Tibull.
• * 1.137

  Historia.
• * 1.138

  Historia.
• * 1.139

  Fugitiues, Quacksaluers.
• * 1.140

  Empirici, Chy∣mistae,
• d 1.141

  Quod si do∣losi spes refulse∣tit nummi, Cor∣uos poetas, & poetridas picas cantare credas Pega••cium me∣los. Persius.
• g 1.142

  Clinicus He∣rodes trullam subduxerat ae∣gro, Deprensus dixit, stulte quid ergo bibis? Martial.
• i 1.143

  Scientia, in∣tellectus, prudē∣tia, sunt habitus, qui vigili studio, labore, diligen∣tia & assuescen∣do acquiruntur.
• c 1.144

  Ac si interio∣res affectus sen∣su cognoscātur, aut manus ope∣râ curentur. Riolanus.
• d 1.145

  Quo fieri possit modo Seuere, vt vir omnium pessi∣mus Charinus, vnam rem bene fecerit, requiris? Dicam, sed citò: Quid Nerone peius? quid thermis melius Neronianis? Maritial.
• * 1.146

  Historia.
• e 1.147

  A pure longè putidiore quod à vesica sepa∣ratim exit, gra∣uiora solent in∣ter meiendum asturgere acci∣dentia. Pus quod è renibus defluit, substan∣tiae est magis subtilis & ela∣boratae, ideoque cum minore difficultate per∣meat, dolorem∣que minorem creat Renes praeterea sunt partes indolen∣tes magis quā vesica, & par∣tium aliarum consensum mi∣nus ducunt vbi magis compu∣trueint.
• f 1.148

  Aut facere in∣genui est, aut non promisse pudici. Catull.
• g 1.149

  Coma vigilās dictum Galeno, lib. 4. de loc. affect.
• h 1.150

  Qui nondum stygias descēde∣re quaerit ad vn∣das, Tonsorem fugiat, si sapit, Antiochum▪ Martial.
• d 1.151

  Quod nimis miseri volunt hoc facilè cre∣dunt. Senec.
• e 1.152

  〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉
• g 1.153

  Lepidè illud: Sol successus in∣tuetur; errores tellus operit.
• h 1.154

  Fumum fugi∣entes in ignem incidunt.
• e 1.155

  〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, &c. Non cō∣munis homo curatur, sed sin∣gulorum quis∣que. Galen de Meth. Med.
• f 1.156

  Habenda e∣nim ratio non manifestae mo∣do qualitatis, sed & occultae, tum vniuscu∣iusque 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.
• g 1.157

  Morbi è du∣orum humorū putredine in ea∣dem sede non∣nunquam fiunt confusi, non∣nunquam in di∣uersa impliciti, nonnunquam ab eadem ma∣teria in diuersis partibus, diuer∣simodè dispo∣siti. In omnibus secundum vari∣as, diuersas aut contrarias indi∣cationes, ab vr∣gentiore auspi∣catur prudens Medicus, singu∣los perlustrat, leuissimos ver∣sat.
• g 1.158

  Morbus con∣iunctus exigit curam coniun∣ctam vt sim∣plex simplicem, in coniunctis verò quae poti∣or potiorem exigit non neg∣lecta altera. Galen in Aph. Hippoc.
• h 1.159

  Plurimi me∣dici similes vi dentur nauium rectoribus. In tranquillo mari regendo si quid errent peccentve, error non patet. In aduersa tempestate errore aut ignorantia facilè nauem perditam in omnibus liquidò constat. Brud. de vict. Feb.
• b 1.160

  〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.
• dd 1.161

  Ideo theore. ma describit Galen. lib. de Fi∣nit. Med. cuius contrarium ra∣rò euenit.
• d 1.162

  Vbi plura ni∣tent non ego paucis offendar maculis. Horat.
• e 1.163

  Ars est eorū quae ordinariò & plerunque non aliter fiunt, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.
• f 1.164

  Rerum quae cognoscuntur species sunt 4. Aut enim appa∣rent sensui vel statim per se vt colores, vel ex alijs seu signis, vt ignīs ex fu∣mo. Aut sensui quidem occul∣tae sunt, rationi verò manifestae, eae••ue vel sta∣tim euidentes vt bis duo 4. vel per demon∣strationem dis∣cendae. Incipit autem demon∣stratio ex ali∣qua praecedentium, id est, ex apparentibus, vel euidentibus aut certè ex demonstratis an∣tea; primam speciem sensus indicat, secundam 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, tertiam 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: quar∣tam consensus ad confesta siue ea apparentia sint, siue euidentia, siue antea demonstra∣ta. Galen. lib. de Opt. Sect.
• g 1.165

  Neque idem vnquam aequè est beatus. Neque est quis∣quam quem non aliquando videre Suffenum possis, Catull.
• b 1.166

  Scientia est habitus demōstratiuus, habet∣••ue principia nota & aeterna.
• c 1.167

  Artificialis cōiectura quàm propè accedit ad veritatem. Galen passim.
• h 1.168

  Insipiens mo∣uetur falsa finis specie, non fine.
• f 1.169

  Quod casu fit, inexpectatò fit, & tarò & incer••ta mora fit; vt quod natura sit, expectatò fit, ferè semper fit, vel vt pluri∣mùm sit.
• g 1.170

  Quippe deest finis cuius gratia agatur, vbi casu aliquid fit. Ne∣gatio finis ponit ca••um. Positio finis negat ca∣sum. Sapiens verò sine pro∣posito fine ni∣hil agit.
• h 1.171

  Tutus & intra spem veniae cautus. Horat.
• l 1.172

  Semper metu∣it quem saeua pudebunt. Lucan. Historia.
• d 1.173

  Hinc illa Empiricorum miranda gesta & vulgata miracula, Riolanus.
• f 1.174

  Ab istiusir o∣di errore nasci∣tur expe••••ent••a 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. Galen. de Sect.
• * 1.175

  Historia.
• c 1.176

  Saepe misera auxilia tolerabi∣liora faciunt mala miseriora. Leuin. Lemn.
• d 1.177

  Dabitur••ue licentia sumpta pudenter.
• e 1.178

  〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, Plurimùm atq•• repentè quo∣uis modo cor∣pus mouere pe∣riculosum. Hippocrat. lib 2. Aph.
• f 1.179

  In extremis morbis extre∣ma exquisitè re∣media optima sunt, vt Hippo∣crates. Sed a∣gendi iudicatio semper sumen∣da à viribus, nec deploratos at∣tingat Medicus. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, in ascite vtilis, sed plerunque lethalis. Ideo frustra tentatur fractis viribus aut vbi hydrops succedit s••hirrho aut febribus ardentibus. In extractione calculi vesicae cauendum etiam à longo dolore fractis viribus. In partim etiam principum vehementiore affectu diacrydiatis atendum cautè, &c.
• * 1.180

  Historiae.
• g 1.181

  Qui calculi non diu con∣creeriut ij medicamentis aptis dissolui possunt; qui ve∣rò diutiùs exic∣cati & indurati difficillim•• aut nunquam enrā tur, ideo••ue pe∣riculosè irritan∣tur. Rondeletius de vrin.
• h 1.182

  Lapillis in ve sica subsistenti∣bus crabrones irritant quicun∣que saxitragis deturbant te∣mere. Reolan.
• g 1.183

  Quam enim proportionem Architectu•• er∣ga coementari∣os lignariosq́ue fabros & alios quibus imperat gerit, eandem Medicus erga ministros suos, herbarios, ve∣nam scindentes, cucurbitulas admouentes & Clysteres im∣mitentes. Galen in lib 6. Hipp. de Morb. vulgar.
• h 1.184

  Naturae legi∣bus Medicinae leges semper consentaneae. Fernel.
• i 1.185

  Vt medici cu∣iusque auxilij quantitatem, oc∣casionem & v∣tendi modum cognoscimus, vt ministri verò venam secamus & reliqua ma∣nibus opera∣mur. Galen. in lib. 6. Hipp. de Morb. vulgar.
• e 1.186

  Neque enim turpe est per vulgus & anicu∣las profecisse. Non enim pu∣duit maiores nostros in mul∣tis remedijs brutorum disci∣pulos se profite∣ri. Quin & ac∣ceptis à vulgo remedijs adhi∣benda ratio & rectus vsus, in quo summa ar∣tis posita est. Holler. Instit. Chirurg.
• * 1.187

  Historia.
• e 1.188

  Ei qui praesi∣det, scire opera∣ri necessarium non est, sed po∣tius aliorum ministerio vti. Aristot. polit. 3.
• f 1.189

  〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. Nonnulli nescientes quàm aliqui sci∣entes ad opera sunt magis ido nei. Aristot. eth. 6.
• g 1.190

  Primi medi∣cinae parentes & veteres Graeci Medici ferè omnes huma∣nit••te ducti (v∣bi ita res postu∣lauerit) suis ma∣nibus operabā∣tur in ciuitati∣bus nondum populosis. At vbi hominum multitudo in∣creuerit, aliò res delegata est. Hinc etiam Principum edi∣ctis distincta ex∣tant Medicorū & Chirurgorū ministeria & officia.
• b 1.191

  Nec verò cal∣culo laborantes secabo, sed viris Chirurgiae ope∣rarijs eius rei fa∣ciendi locum dabo. Hippoc. iurc iurando.
• c 1.192

  Omnes artes rudiores primū, tractu deinde temporis absol∣uuntur. Scal. Poet 3.
• d 1.193

  Medico mul∣rae artes aptam materiam prae∣parant, ipse na∣turae per mini∣stros suppeditat Galen. in lib. 6. Hippo. de morb vulgar.
• c 1.194

  Nec credere possis Hunc ho∣minem, huma∣na qui ratione caret Maximiā. vel vt alij, Cor∣nel Gall.
• d 1.195

  Causa imme∣diata protinus per se cohaeret cum effectu. Sca••ig. de subt.
• e 1.196

  Causam per accidens sequi∣tur per accidens effectum.
• g 1.197

  Quod neque religio praecipit nec oritur ex causis naturali∣bus est supersti∣tio. Melanth.
• h 1.198

  Scripta, verba annuli, characte¦res, signa, nihil valent ad pro∣fligandos mor∣bos, si nulla su∣perior potestas diuina vel ma∣gica accesserit. Inania itaque sunt vereq́ue a∣nilia credētium animos super∣stitione occu∣pante. Fernel. de Abd. rer. causis.
• i 1.199

  Vide Galenū lib. 6. & 10. de simpl. Med. facultat. Theophrast. in hist. plant. l. 9. Aug. tract. 7. in Euan. Ioānis.
• b 1.200

  Diabolus effo∣diat tibi oculos, impleat forami∣na stercoribus. Wierus de prae∣stig. cap. 4.
• c 1.201

  In thought.
• d 1.202

  In deed.
• e 1.203

  Neque enim verum est ho∣minem ab ho∣mine noceri posse verbis. Sed demon cre∣dulitate decipit hominem vt socium habeat, tum impietatis, tum aeterni exi∣tij. Scal. de subt.
• f 1.204

  Phantasia im∣perium habet in spi••itus & humores, qui sunt morborum parentes.
• g 1.205

  Sensus interi∣oris motus per∣petuus. Aristot. de insomn.
• h 1.206

  Galen. lib. 6 & 10. de simp. med facultat. Confi∣dere doctos & bonos Midicos medicamento∣rum substantiae praecipit, non verbis aut car∣minibus.
• * 1.207

  Witcheraft.
• * 1.208

  Historia.
• a 1.209

  Narrata ab aegrotante prae∣ter totius ple∣thorā lassitudo partium omniū inferiorum cū mensium reten∣tione, coxarum grauitate in motu, torpore dum quiesceret, paratum affectū monstrabant. I∣deo neque prae∣dixisse difficile, neque re ipsa affectum subse∣qui miraculi lo∣co haberi de∣bet.
• b 1.210

  Praeter ple∣thoram tum infra tum supra diaphragma conspicuam, tu∣mor venarum molestus circa crura & in po∣plitibus, de quo conquesta est aegra, de spas∣mo & distenti∣one illarum partium faci∣lem inde dant coniecturam. Vbi igitur aegrae imprudentia praesatur cau∣sam, facilis est prudentia pro∣babilem pòst fari effectum.
• c 1.211

  She was assu∣red late the night before of the Physitions being at home that same day; she knew the length of the way, her hus∣bāds vsuali pace, and n••w direct sp••ed. She might easily compare the time of his going forth, with a competent time for his attaining the Physition, and with all these might well hope of the Physitions facilitie by his friendly entertainment the day before. From hence her i∣magination satisfying itselfe with the confidence thereof, she might thereby, setling and quiet∣ing her spirits, minde and humors, for a time thus appease and mitigate her paines. As for her so true and iust coniecture at the time which was two of the clocke, the circumstances before men∣tioned, and likelihood it selfe did guide her to suppose it. If this reason satisfie not, religion and reasons giue leaue farther to suspect, that the diuell to aduance errour and illusion, might conuey into her imagi∣nation an in∣ward and secret sence of the time. The power that the diuell doth exercise in this kind, might be made cleare by many exam∣ples.
• d 1.212

  After the pen∣ning of this hi∣story, the cause and maner of her death by her neighbours of worth and cre∣dit, was thus re∣ported. Her hus∣band, at her ear∣nest sute, consul∣ted with a wan∣dring Surgeon, whom fame, it seemeth, had magnified for charmed and potent cures of such as were be∣witched. The Surgeon deliue∣red a medicine vnto the hus∣band, promising a miraculous cure thereby, and charged him withall, by no meanes to be feared, though haply there might fall out some strange and fearfull operations vnto the seeming. The medicine with this stile coming vnto the patient, was gladly receiued; and after she had receiued it into her bo∣die, she died. The glorious name of the medicine, together with a confidence that this was onely the strange operation of the medicine foretold by the Surgeon, caused the friends about her still to expect some admirable euent of recouerie, and therefore they still gaped after her rprising: but in the end necessitie called for a graue: and thus their hope with her was buried.
• e 1.213

  Aelianus lib. 4. scribit Aspasiam concubinam Cyri posterioris admonitam fuisse in somno de medicamento quo sanauit vitium oris, quod venustatem priùs valdè deforma∣uerat.
• d 1.214

  Hinc illa 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 diabolica.
• f 1.215

  Non absimilis vis compellendi motus tum ani∣mi tum corpo∣ris etiam phil∣tris & carmini bus attribuitur. Philtra nocent animis vimq́ue furoris habent. Ouid. Carmina de coelo possunt deducere lunam Virgil.
• g 1.216

  Data est Dia∣bolo potestas non modò vt fallat malos, sed vt exerceat bo∣nos. Augussin.
• g 1.217

  Diabolus im∣perium exercet in impios. In pi∣os etiā in multis casibus particu∣laribus potesta∣tem habet, qua & vulnerantur & concidunt. Caluin. lib. instit.
• h 1.218

  Quid Angeli mali possunt, quid nō possunt facere per na∣turae suae con∣ditionem, homini explo∣rare difficile immo impos∣sibile, Augustin. de Trinit.
• c 1.219

  Soli viri inge∣niosi & subtilis mentis acici dif¦ficilia cognitu facilè compre∣hendere valent. Aristot.
• d 1.220

  Multa sunt quorum cum veritas certa sit, tamē causae nos latent. Plutarch. de Sympol.
• e 1.221

  Inter praesti∣giatoris manus quod est video. Mutatur species vel propter ce∣leritatem vel propter aliud. Quare verò mutetur latet me. Scalig. de Subt.
• f 1.222

  In natura plu∣rima fiunt mi∣randa & singu∣laria, inquit A∣ristoles, ideo{que} naturam ipsam appellat 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.
• g 1.223

  〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. Camerarius de diuinat.
• a 1.224

  A forma vniuersali mouentur sponte ignis & aër deorsum, ne eueniret vacuum. Forma particularis obedit vniuersali ad conseruationem totius entitatis & vnitatis. Scalig. de Subt.
• b 1.225

  Quia nequit tam citò rate∣fieri ad implen∣dum vacuum, quod reliquum potest facere facit, atque tam citò abit. Scalig. de subt.
• d 1.226

  Frustra de metaphysicis quaeruntur phy∣sicae rationes.
• c 1.227

  Sapientia ve∣ra, Nolle nimis sapere.
• f 1.228

  Hoc nomine Cardanum ta∣xat Scaliger lib. de subtilit. Quae consultò natura in orbe molita est suo, is prae∣stigiae nomine denotandum putat.
• c 1.229

  Hoc à diuini∣tatis excellentia separat. omnis enim potestas supra naturam est vel diuina vel diabolica, haec voique & semper bona, illa nusquam non mala.
• d 1.230

  Quorum dae∣mones authores sunt eorum ra∣tio est trans na∣turam. Fernel. de abd. rer. caus.
• e 1.231

  Daemoniaci nonnulli oblo∣quuntur sum∣mè ardua, ar∣cana reserant & occulta re∣nunciant. Edunt verba & senten∣tias graecas & latinas, cum ipsi vtriusque linguae omnina ignari sunt. Fernel. de Abd. rer. caus.
• g 1.232

  Many and strange haue bene the formes of diuers excres∣cencies, or grow∣ings in the flesh through all parts almost of the bo∣die, whose na∣ture, forme and cause are well knowne vnto the Physition, though to his eye oft times strange and wondered. Scaliger in his booke of Subtil∣ties, mentioneth a Waterman, knowne vnto himselfe, who had a horne growing vpon his backe. The like haue others since and before knowne and written. Some men haue bene borne with parts proper vnto the other sexe, and women with parts or re∣semblances of parts naturally giuen to the malekind alone. The errors of nature in monstrous births, are not obscure, and feede varietie of wonder; nor are nor can be tied from the counter∣feit of any shape, likenesse, marke or figure, sometimes superfluously cast vpon one part, some∣times vpon another.
• d 1.233

  The diuels pro∣pertie is knowne by actions, deeds or workes first found sustained by a supernatu∣rall power, and next bent vnto an euill end. Thus for diuel∣lish ends haue Witches and sor∣cerers bene knowne to ride vpon the seas in vessels vncapable of such cariage, or of any defence. Thus haue some haunted men and other crea∣tures, in maners, meanes and cir∣cumstances more then any way reasonable or possible vnto hu¦manitie or the nature of man alone. Thus haue some also declared the secret words and actions of men, then absent in farre distant places, and foretold particular things to come. These with their diuellish affection, end, and intention are certaine proofes of diabolicall power and witchraft.
• e 1.234

  Consent and cooperation may be manifested first by proofe of any incantation, inuocation, spels, and other performances of o∣ther diabolicall rites and ceremonies: secondly by their vse of such instruments as are vsuall or proper vnto such diuellish workes Of this kind are pictures of waxe or other matter, by which they secretly worke wasting and consuming paines vnto the liuing persons of those dead resem∣blances. Of this kind are also charmed kno••s, characters and figures. Of this kinde also are diuers sorts of poisonsome matters, by them knowne to be solemnly sought, and carefully hidden or kept. These found or detected, are certaine conuictions of witches and witchcraft, ioyned with other due presumptions and circumstances, and a manifest detection of the assistance of any tra•• scendent force.
• e 1.235

  Quippe vbi nec causas nec apertos cerni∣mus ictus, Vnde ergo ve∣niant tot mala, caeca via est. Propert.
• f 1.236

  In 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 vel 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. Gal. de loc aff.
• g 1.237

  In this maner Ann. 1598. my selfe being pre∣sent, a child of one M. Barker of Couentry was afflicted, and in the end these fits changing into conuulsions of his face, mouth, and eyes, he therein died.
• h 1.238

  〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. Gal. de loc. aff.
• i 1.239

  In Apoplexia vel morbo at∣tonito. Gal. de loc. affect.
• c 1.240

  An. Dom. 1602 In this maner a former wife of one M. Roson of Northampton continued the space of two daies and nights, being then my patient.
• d 1.241

  In Caro. Carum verò distinguit à Catalepsi. Galen. lib. de loc. affect. quòd in hac oculi aegrotorum clausi permanent, in illa aperti.
• e 1.242

  Hoc genus coma vigilans Galeno dicitur tract. de comate, quod & insomne vocat, & Phreneticis attribuit. Iuxta hoc coma pigrum & somnolentum statuit quod è contra Le∣thargicis ascribit.
• f 1.243

  Hippocrates in Prorheticis, & Epidemior. 5.
• h 1.244

  Deprauati motus sunt plu∣rimi tremuli, conuulsiui, pal∣pitantes, vibran∣tes, qui prout in toto corpore vagantur, diuer∣sam appellatio nem sortiuntur. Galen. de sympt differ.
• i 1.245

  〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 &c. Epi epsia vel morbus cadu∣cus vniuerso corpori motus affert depraua∣tos. Gal. de diff. sympt.
• g 1.246

  Conuulsio si∣mulat omnem motus volunta∣rij speciem, & hac sola ratione à motu naturali differt quod praetor volunta∣tem fit. Galen. de loc. affect.
• k 1.247

  Motiua actio laesa pro parti∣cularium instru∣mentorum ratione ita variantur, vt varias habere species videantur, cum illius motionis ra∣tio fit vna. Galen de sympt. diff.
• a 1.248

  Conuulsis musculis, oculos mouentibus.
• b 1.249

  Musculorum masticatoriorum & eorum qui peculiariter lati appellantur conuulsione, contractione, resolutione, fit spasmus cynicus, tortura oris, risus Sardonius &c.
• c 1.250

  Con∣uulsis musculis temporalibus contrahuntur dentes, & strident, resolutis fit hiatus oris.
• d 1.251

  Generalis haec palpitatio dicitur ab Auicenna, ab alijs membrorum subsultus & ia∣ctatio.
• f 1.252

  Historia The∣ophili, Medici aegrotantis le∣ctu dignissima est, libr. Galeni de diff. sympt. sect. 3.
• g 1.253

  Vide Hollerij historiam de Pharmacopoeo incubo correp∣to, scholijs in tractat. de incu∣bo. Auicen••am in Cant. de sig∣nis Melancho∣liae.
• k 1.254

  Thucydides de in peste ser∣uatis scribit, in∣de factos esse fatuis similes tantaq́ue igno∣rantia & fatui∣tate imbutos vt se ipsos & fa∣miliares planè ignorarent. Ga∣len. in 1 Porrhet. Hippocrat.
• h 1.255

  In 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Actuar. lib. 1. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.
• i 1.256

  In 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. Galen. in Pro∣r••et. Hipp. Historia pulcher∣rima.
• e 1.257

  Beneficed Phy∣sitions.
• a 1.258

  〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, Sonat sternutatio quia per angustum illi est ex itus. Hippocrat. Aph. 7. l b.
• c 1.259

  Ingens sternu∣tatio affinitatem habet cum epi∣lepsia, tū quod ab eadem cau∣sa nasci potest, tum quod in ea∣dem sede sita est. Ideo Hip∣pocrates sternu tationem cum rheumate malū nuntiat; quin & indesinens ster∣nutatio anima∣lem facultatem validè saepe fa∣tigat, nec non & sternutantes saepe mortui conciderunt.
• h 1.260

  Epilepsiam sequitur plerun∣que grauis so∣por. Andernac. de med. ••et. & noua.
• i 1.261

  Compositus e∣nim morbus vi∣detur, ex coma∣te, caro, Apo∣plexia, Epilep∣sia. In nonnullis enim accessio∣nibus sopitis motu & sensu libera erat respiratio, in alijs graui cum difficultate spirandi & stertore peri∣clitabatur, quae duo Apoplecticos à veternosis & catalepticis distinguunt authore Gale∣rio lib. de loc. affect. Epileptici verò motus vix vnquam desiere.
• k 1.262

  Deprauato omni genere motus volunta∣rij tum capitis tum oculotum.
• d 1.263

  Epilensia est totius corporis conuulsio cum rectricis partis actionum cohi∣bitione. Galen. de Symp. diffe∣rentijs.
• e 1.264

  Singularium praeter sensum exteriorem est sensus internus. Aristot. eth. 6.
• f 1.265

  Saepe morbo laeditur ratio salua imagina∣tione, saepe de∣prauata imagi∣natio ne integra perstat ratio sae∣pe deficit vtra∣que, saepe defi∣ciunt sensus ex∣teriores seruatis internis, & è contra. Gal. de Loc. Affect.
• g 1.266

  Coma est motus imagi∣natricis defici∣ens & imbecil∣lus. Galen. de Sympt. differ▪
• h 1.267

  Communis facultas & po∣tentia à cerebro per neruos in singula sensoria penetrans alterationes omnes ipsorum persentit. Gal. lib. 7. de Plat & Hip∣poc. dogmat.
• i 1.268

  In Caro & intelligere & excitari aegrotus potest. Auicennna de sign. spec. Subeth.
• l 1.269

  Laesa septima neruorum à cè∣rebro ortorum coniugatione loquela immi∣nuitur, depraua∣tur aut ad tem∣pus tollitur ne∣cessariò. Galen. de loc. Affect.
• c 1.270

  The words which by wri∣ting she expres∣sed, were these: God is a won∣derfull God, The Lord can doe maruellous things; and when the skill of man hath done what it can, God will shew himselfe a wonderfull God.
• e 1.271

  Quomodo lingua, nunc motum nunc sensum amittat separatim aut coniunctim, magis vel mi∣nus, perq́ue vi∣cissitudines ra∣tione cerebri laesi aut proces∣sus neruorum. vide Galen. de loc. aff.
• g 1.272

  Refert Guintherius Andernacus aliquos sibi natos, qui ex ingenti refrigeratione, & inde nata destillatione muti per aliquot dies perstitere, liquore verò absumpto vocem recepere. Andernac. lib. de Med. vet. & noua.
• f 1.273

  The very same accident, about the same time, in the same maner, befell a gentlewoman then lying at Cotesbrooke in Northamptonshire, and some∣times daughter vnto M. Reade, while he liued there dwelling. She oft diuers dayes together lost her speech, and againe by fits sodainly recouered it, being besides vexed with diuers maners of conuulsions.
• h 1.274

  Ex faciei par∣tibus sola lingua saepenumerò afficitur. Gal. de loc. affect.
• i 1.275

  Saepe medica∣mentorū com∣moda non sunt cum vsu prae∣sentia sed post emergentia.
• k 1.276

  Compensante procul dubio aestate ad tem∣pus insigniter feruida incom∣moda praece∣dentis hyemis insigniter geli∣dae. Ab insigni verò refrigera∣tione ortum & originem mali factum esse, a∣pud me satis constat. Frigus verò cum humi∣ditate intensum soporem, stupo∣rem, omne con∣uulsionis genus, Epilepsiam, A∣poplexiam con∣stituere, author est Galenus lib. de loc. affect. 4.
• l 1.277

  Qui vniuersale cognoscit quo∣quo pacto cog∣noscit & parti∣culare. Aristor.
• g 1.278

  Saepius enim deprehendeba∣tur repentino lapsu aut depri∣uatione omnis sensus & mo∣tus, comitante difficultate spi∣ritus & stertote nec non rectri∣cis facultatis functionibus omnino cohibi∣tis. Hanc Apo∣plexiam veram distinguit Gale∣nus praedictis notis, lib. de loc. affect. quam eti∣am generalem paralysim aliàs appellat. Apo∣plexiam verò vel generalem paralysim ter∣minari parti∣culari, nemo non norit, gra∣uem scilicet 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 ple∣runque, leuem 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 vel vnius tan∣tùm membri.
• h 1.279

  Vide Wierum de praestigijs daemonum. Consule Langi∣um in epist. Me∣dicin. tract. de Daemoniac. Ioann. Hucherū Bellouacum de Maleficijs. Ioan. Baptistam Codronchium de morbis veneficiatis.
• f 1.280

  Fernelius de Abditis rerum causis, lib. 2.
• * 1.281

  Obiect.
• * 1.282

  Obiect.
• * 1.283

  Obiect.
• d 1.284

  Primum sen∣sorium omniū sensuum com∣mune est. Galen de sympt. differ.
• e 1.285

  Apoplexiam, carū, catalepsin altos sopores nominat om∣nes. Galen lib 13 de Meth. Med vt & aliis, Lethar∣gum etiā inter sopores recenset sed cum febre incidentē prop∣ter humoris pu∣tredinem. Obiect.
• f 1.286

  Sicut in som∣nis decipimur insomnijs, ita vigilantes in ae∣gritudinibus, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, &c. Arist. de insomnijs.
• g 1.287

  Egregiè hac in re satisfacit Theophili Me∣dici aegrotantis historia, memo∣rata à Galeno lib. de sympt. different.
• h 1.288

  The mention of her supposed sight of the witch, came after the returne of all her senses, and when onely the conuul∣sions of her armes and face were re∣maining accidēts Obiect.
• * 1.289

  Wisards.
• h 1.290

  Nam in auer∣sam partem ae∣grotantis recli∣nationem opis∣thotonon voca∣mus, neruis qui eò loci sunt ma∣lè affectis. Em∣prosthotonon autem si in prio∣rem partem ho∣mo deflectitur, neruis anteriùs positis laboran∣tibus. Aret. lib. 1. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.
• i 1.291

  Hic hominum ineptorum mos est, in malis sua ignorantia vel acquisitis vel cōmorantibus cum anu Aeso∣pica semper dae∣monem accusa∣re.
• c 1.292

  An possit ocu∣los tantum con∣tendere Lyn∣ceus?
• d 1.293

  Dolebā me∣herculè quòd pugillares & sti∣lum non habe∣rem qui tam bellas fabellas pernotarem.
• * 1.294

  Seruants of Phy∣sitians. Mini∣string helpers.
• a 1.295

  Ideo olim Clinici & le∣cticularij dicti & Diaetarij.
• b 1.296

  Hâc ab origi∣ne Experientia nata est 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 & imitatoria.
• c 1.297

  Parua leues capiunt animos
• d 1.298

  Quoniam ars circa particula∣ria versatur quae insinita sunt, qui non redigit ad vniuersalem methodum, cae∣co & incerto modo agit & o∣pera fortunae committit. Gal. de puero Epi∣lept.
• e 1.299

  Medicina sex∣ies vel septies probata non fa∣cit vniuersalem propositionem. Galen.
• g 1.300

  〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. Aequè mutila ratio si∣ne experientia, & experientia sine ratione Nazianz.
• f 1.301

  Qui se artem acquisiuisse sine Methodo arbi∣tratur sciat se vmbram habere non artem. Plato in Phileb.
• b 1.302

  Per se natura∣q́ue sua fallax est experientia & periculosa. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. Hipp. Aph. 1.
• f 1.303

  Habitus om∣nis intellecti∣uus, actiuus, fa∣ctiuus sensim acquiruntur nec sine assiduita∣te, tempore, di∣ligentia stabili∣untur vnquam.
• g 1.304

  Doctrina nam vim promouet insitam. Horat.
• h 1.305

  Naturae sequi∣tur semina quis∣que su•• Propert.