The historie of tvvo the moste noble capitaines of the worlde, Anniball and Scipio of theyr dyuers battailes and victories, excedyng profitable to reade, gathered and translated into Englishe, out of Titus Liuius, and other authoures, by Antonye Cope esquier.

¶ The conditions of peace graūted to the Carthaginenses by Sci¦pio: and the ratyfyeng of the same by the senate. Ca. lxxi. (Book 71)

AS Scipio and his hoste were comynge to his shippes, laden with a ryche praie, worde was brought hym, that P. Lentulus was arriued at Vtica, with .l. shippes of warre, and an .C. hulkes laden with all maner of prouision.

Wherfore Scipio, thynkinge to put the citie of Carthage in feare on al partes: Fyrst sent Lelius to Rome, to beare newes of his victory. And then sent Cn. Octauius by lande towarde Carthage, with his army of horsemen and fotemen. Whiles he, takyng with hym bothe the newe nauy of shyppes, brought hym by Lentulus, and also his olde nauye, wente by sea from Vtica towardes the hauen of Carthage. He had but a whyle sailed on the sea, when a shippe of Carthage met hym, couered all with white lynnen clothe, and full of bowes of Oliue, in to∣ken of peace. In whiche shippe were .x. embassadours of the prynces of Carthage, sente by the mynde of Anniball to de∣syre peace. When this shyppe was come to the fore parte of Scipiosship, the coueringe was taken awaye, and the legates ryght humbly required hym to extende his mercy and pitie v∣pon them. But other aunswere had they none giuen them, but that they shoulde come to hym to Tunes, for to that place he sayde he wolde remoue his campe. With this aunswere they departed: and he wente with his nauy of shippes before Car∣thage, partely to viewe the situation of the towne, partely to make the inhabitantes ther of the more afraide. But after smal soiourninge there, he departed frome thense, and returned to Vtica: And from thense was goinge to Tunes, when sodeine newes wer brought him, that Vermina, the sonne of Syphax, with a great numbre of horsemen and fotemen, was comyng to the succours of the Carthaginenses. To encountre with these people, Scipio incontinent sente a good parte of the fotemen of his host, and all his horsemen, who metynge with theim, at theyr fyrste reencountre put them to flyght, and stoppinge the passages, wherby they myght by fleinge escape, they slewe of the Numidiens .xv. M. and toke aboue .xii. C. with many hor∣ses of that countrey, to the numbre of xv. C. and with peyne the capitayne hym selfe escaped, hauynge a small numbre with hym. From thense the campe was pytched at Tunes, in the olde place, where they before had set it. Thyther came .xxx. noble men of Carthage embassadours, sent vnto Scipio, who with moche more lamentation then the other had done before, required peace of Scipio, constrained more therunto through the contrarietie of Fortune, and by the late ouerthrow of their friende Vermina: And they were lykewise herde with lesse pitie, bicause of theyr late vntruthe and rebellion. In so moche

that it was thought by moste men, that the citie of Carthage myghte then iustely and worthely be destroyed by theim. And so had it ben in dede, had not one thynge specially moued Sci∣pio to the contrarye. Whiche was, that the newe consull was comynge thyther, whose desyre was, to haue the honour and fame of that victory, and of fynishinge that warre, whiche was before achieued by Scipios traueile, to his great daungier. And for this cause Scipio and his counsaylours wer fully min∣ded to take peace with the Carthaginenses. Wherefore the nexte day he called the legates of Carthage before him, great∣ly rebukinge them of the vntrewth to him diuers times shew∣ed: Wyllynge theim nowe at the last, beinge taughte by good experience, to regarde bothe theyr goddes and theyr othes, and shewinge them, that he, hauing pitie of the destruction of theim and of theyr soo noble a citie, was contented to graunte them peace vpon these conditions. Fyrste, that they shoulde lyue free after theyr owne lawes and customes, enioyinge all suche cities and townes in Affrica, as they hadde in possession before the warre betwene theim taken. And that frome that daye forthe, the Romaynes shulde no more destroye or spoyle any parte therof. Agayne, the Carthaginenses shulde restore to the Romaynes all suche persons as were fled and runne a∣way from the Romayns, and all the prisoners of the Romains, and theyr friendes, whom they had in captiuite. Also that they shoulde delyuer theim all theyr shyppes of warre, and other shyppes, excepte onely galeys, hauynge thre orders of oores in a piece. And that they shoulde also delyuer vp all theyr ele∣phantes, whiche were alredye tamed and made apte for the warre: neyther shulde they after tame any moo. Agayne, that they shoulde moue no warre in Affrica, nor withoute Affrica, but by the lycence or commaundemente of the Romaynes. Furthermore, that they shulde restore vnto Massanissa all su∣che thynges as they hadde taken of his, makynge a peace and agrement with hym. And also yelde vnto the Romayne hoste wheate and wages vnto the return of the legates from Rome. Besydes all this, they shulde paye .x. M. talentes of syluer in fyftye yeres: durynge whiche tyme, they shulde yerely paye that summe, deuyded in euen portions. For the paymente wherof, and perfourmaunce of these condytions, they shoulde delyuer hym an .C. pledges of his owne election. Wherof

none shuld be vnder thage of .xiiii. yeres, neither aboue thage of .xxx. Vpon these conditions, he agreed to giue them truce: so that they wolde delyuer to him out of hand all suche hulkes or shyppes of burthen, with their fraught and implementes, which the Carthaginenses toke from theim, duringe the laste tyme of truse, that he had before graunted theim: Or elles they shulde neither loke for truse nor for peace.

¶ Whan the legates were come to Carthage, they were cō∣maunded to declare the same conditions of peace openly be∣fore the congregation of the people therevnto assembled. A∣gainst which conditions one Gysgo, a noble man of Carthage, spake very sore, and wold haue dissuaded the people from the taking of peace. To whose sayinges many of the vnruly multi∣tude gaue good audience. But Annibal, being therwith great¦ly moued, went to him, and with force drewe him downe from his place. Which his violent facion had not bene vsed before in that citie, and was thought of dyuers to be contrary to the libertie of their citie: where before all people had free liber∣tie to speake their opinions: Annibal being vsed to the facion of the warres, more than to the peasible vse of the citie: re∣membrynge the liberties therof, excused his rudenesse in this maner. Whan I departed from this citie, I was but .ix. yeres olde, whiche is nowe .xxxvi. yeres agone: during which time I haue sufficiently knowen and been instructed in all feates of warre, beinge taught by the chaunces of fortune, euen frome my chyldehoode. Wherfore beynge disvsed soo longe space frome the lawes, maners, and customes of the citie, although I doo forgette the liberties and vses therof, I am the lesse to be blamed. Thus after he hadde excused his folye, he per∣swaded the people to the takynge of peace, and howe neces∣sary it was nowe for theim, and also howe reasonable the con∣ditions were, consyderynge theyr presente estate. To whiche his perswasions the greattest parte of the multiude agreed, and the resisters agaynste it, were greately blamed. The grea∣test doubte was, howe they myghte make restitution of that that was taken frome the Romaynes in the tyme of truce. For all was spoyled and goone, neyther knewe they, who badde theym, onely the shyppes and hulkes remaygned. But in conclusyon, worde was sent agayne to Scipio, by the same legates, that they wold receyue his conditions of peace.

And where they coulde not knowe, who had the goodes that wer in the hulkes: they wold pay therfore at his owne iudge∣ment. The vessels and men shulde be restored.

¶ Thus was the truce gyuen to the citie of Carthage for thre monethes, with a commaundement, that duryng the time of truce, they shulde sende embassadours to no place, but only to Rome. And in case that any embassadours were sent frome any place to Carthage, that they shuld in no wyse depart from thens, vntyll the Romayne capitayne were ascertayned what they were, and what was the cause of theyr comming.

¶ Soone after went the legates of Carthage to Rome: with whom were sent C. Veturius Philo, M. Martius Valla, and Lucius Scipio, brother to P. Scipio the Romayn capytayn.

¶ When they were come thyther, L. Veturius Philo decla∣red, howe Scipio hadde foughten with Anniball, and ouer∣come the Carthaginenses, to theyr vtter confusyon, makynge nowe an ende of the dolefull longe warre, that had been be∣twene the Romaynes and theim. And that also Vermina, the sonne of Syphax, with his power, was beaten and ouercome. Of whyche newes the senatours beinge meruaylous ioyfull, commaunded hym to publysshe the same gladde tydynges, to the whole multitude of the citezens. Who makynge greatte ioye, gaue thankes for the vyctory to the goddis. Than wer the legates of Carthage broughte into the senate. And whan the senatours behelde the age, the dignitie, and the grauitie of the ambassadours (who were of the mooste noble menne of the citie of Carthage) than they iudged, that they inten∣ded playnely and syncerely to intreate of peace. Amonge o∣ther of these nobles of Carthage, there was one Asdruball, called Hedus, one of the chiefe of theim, bothe in auctori∣tie and in nobilitie: who was euer desyrous of peace, and held moche agaynste Anniball and his affinitie. This Asdruball sayde, that a fewe couetous personnes of the citie were cul∣pable for this warre, and not the comminaltie. Some faul∣tes, whyche were layde to theym, he excused: some other he confessed, leste by the denying of all, he myght be the worse hearde of the senate. Than he perswaded the Senatours to vse theyr prosperous fortune gentylly, and in due temperance, professynge euer, that in case the Carthaginenses would haue folowed the myndes of hym, and of Hanno, takynge the

tyme whan it was offered: that they had beene the gyuers to other of peace, vppon suche conditions as they were nowe gladde to take at others handes. But (sayde he) it is but sel∣dome sene, that good fortune and a good mynd be gyuen both at ones to men. The cause of the conquestes of you Romains euer chiefly hath been, for that in prosperitie ye haue had the remembrance to consulte of thynges to come. And your em∣pyre hath bene more encreased by gentylnes and fauour she∣wed to nations, whom ye haue vanquyshed, than it hath bene by the victories gotten on theim.

¶ After that Asdruball had finysshed his oration, the other ambassadours made moche more lamentable propositions, be∣wayling the miserable fall of the state of the Carthaginenses, who being the greattest lordes in honour of the worlde, were nowe constrayned to abyde enclosed within the walles of the citie, hauyng nothing els, that they myghte clayme propretie of. ye and that same only citie they helde, but vpon the good∣nes and forbearyng of the Romaynes, whiles theyr pleasure was, to forbere the vtter distruction therof. With these hum∣ble and gentyll woordes, the senatours vniuersally were fully inclyned to peace. Than one of the senatours spake out with loude voyce: If peace be graunted to the Carthaginenses, by what goddis shall they sweare, and make peace, whan they haue broken promise, and deceiued the goddis, by whom they sware, whan they laste toke peace with vs: To whom the sayd Asdruball answered, euen by the same goddis wyll we sweare, who be so angry, and are reuenged on vs, that brake oure laste truse and leage. Herevpon all the senatours and the comons, being inclyned to peace, determined, that by thaduise of .x. le∣gates of Rome, P. Scipio shulde make with theim the peace, vpon suche conditions as to him semed best. The legates wer named, and made theim redy to depart with the Carthaginen∣ses. For the whiche the ambassadours gaue greate thankes to the senate, of theyr goodnes to theim shewed: desyryng them before their departyng, to licence theim to entre the citie, and to visite certayne of their frendes and kynnesmen, that were kepte in the citie, as prisoners. whiche requeste was graunted theim. And they desyred also, that they myght redeme diuers of theim vpon reasonable raunsom. They were cōmaunded to write the names of suche as they wolde haue redeemed. And

they named .ii. C. of theim, who incontinent were delyuered to the x. legates, to take with theim into Affrica to Scipio, wyllyng him, in case the peace went forwardes with the Car∣thaginenses: that then he shoulde rendre these .ii. C. pryso∣ners to the Carthaginenses, free without payinge any raun∣some. These thynges beynge so concluded, the Carthaginen∣ses, with the Romayne legates, departed towardes Affrica. And whan they cam to Scipio they concluded the peace with hym vppon the conditions before specified. The shyppes of Carthage, the elephantes, the fugitiues and prisoners, to the numbre of .iiii. M. were delyuered to Scipio: among whome was one Terentius Culleo, a notable senator of Rome. The shyppes, vpon the deliuerie of theim, were had furth into the sea, to the numbre of .v. C. of al sortes: and there by the com∣maundement of Scipio were set all on fyre. Which bourninge was as sorowfull a syght to the Carthaginenses, as if they had sene the whole citie of Carthage on fyre.