Fovvre seuerall treatises of M. Tullius Cicero conteyninge his most learned and eloquente discourses of frendshippe: oldage: paradoxes: and Scipio his dreame. All turned out of Latine into English, by Thomas Newton.

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Fovvre seuerall treatises of M. Tullius Cicero conteyninge his most learned and eloquente discourses of frendshippe: oldage: paradoxes: and Scipio his dreame. All turned out of Latine into English, by Thomas Newton.
Author
Cicero, Marcus Tullius.
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Imprinted at London :: In Fleetestreete neere to S. Dunstanes Churche, by Tho. Marshe. Cum priuilegio,
1577.
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"Fovvre seuerall treatises of M. Tullius Cicero conteyninge his most learned and eloquente discourses of frendshippe: oldage: paradoxes: and Scipio his dreame. All turned out of Latine into English, by Thomas Newton." In the digital collection Early English Books Online. https://name.umdl.umich.edu/A18804.0001.001. University of Michigan Library Digital Collections. Accessed June 15, 2024.

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A Philosophicall Dis∣course of M. T. Cicero: entituled, SCIPIO HIS Dreame.

AFter my cōming into Aphrique, beeing Marshal or Trybune to ye fourth Legion of Souldyers (as you know) vnder Anitius Manili∣us the Consull: I desired nothinge so much, as to visite Kinge * Masinissa: a * 1.1 Prince for good causes & iust respectes, bearing most vnfayned goodwill to our House and Familye. Vnto whom whē I came, the good olde King embracing mee, fell into weepinge: and within a whyle after loking vp toward Heauen, sayed these Wordes: I render thanks vnto thee, O Soueraigne Sunne, and vnto

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all you other celestiall Creatures, that before I departe out of this lyfe. I doe * 1.2 see within myne owne Territorie and Kingdome, yea, and vnder the Roofe of myne owne House, my deare Freend P. Cornelius Scipio, with whose verye name, I am singulerlye refreshed and comforted. For the remembraunce of yt most noble and inuincible Man, neuer departeth out of my Mynde.

Then began I to question with him, concerning the state of his Kingdome, and hee me of our Common wealth: & so, with much talke too and fro had, we spent all that Daye.

But afterwarde beeing entertayned with Princely furniture and Curtesie, wee continued our talke til farre in the night: ye old King speaking of nothing els, but of Africanus, & recoumptinge not onelye his valiaunte Actes, but al∣so his wyse and pythye Sayinges. Af∣ter this, we went to Bedde, where I be¦inge both wearye with my Iourney, & hauinge ouerwatched my selfe before, slept more soundlye then I was wont &

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accustomed to doe.

Here mee thoughte (and I verilye * 1.3 thincke that it so hapned throughe the talke which we twaiue had afore: For it is commonly seene, that our Cogitati∣ons and Talke, doe represent and cause some such thīg in our Slepes, as Enni{us} wryteth of Homere, that is to say, such, as the Mynde wakinge vsed oftenest to thincke, & talke on) Africanus appea∣red and shewed himself vnto me, in such a maner of Shape, whereby he was better knowen of mee, by his Image, then hee coulde haue beene by his owne Person. Whom after that I knew, truely I shynered and was sore afrayd. But (quoth hee vnto mee) bee of good Cheere, and lay aside all feare O Sci∣pio, and committe well to Memory, such thinges as I shall tell thee.

Doest thou not see yōder * City, which hauing been once heretofore cōpelled by mee to yeld obeysaunce to the Romaine * 1.4 people, renueth old Grudges, seeketh new Warres, & cānot be quiet? & there wtal he shewed Carthage vnto me, frō an

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high & stelliferous, cleare & lightsome place: to ye Besieging & Conquest wher∣of, * 1.5 thou now comest, beeinge little more thē out of thy seruice or time of * Soul∣dier. This same shalt thou being Cōsul subuert, & destroy, wtin these ii. yeeres, & shalt therby purchase & wyn a * Surna∣me * 1.6 to thy selfe, which thou hast as yet of vs, by discent of Inheritaunce. And whē thou hast spoyled & ouerthro∣wen Carthage, Solēnized a Trium∣phaūt Victory, borne ye office of Cēsor, & bene Lieutenaūt General into Egipt, Syria, Asia, & Grece,: thou shalt beinge absent, be chosen & elected ye secōd time Consul, & shalt be ye victorious General of a mighty Battaile, & shalt Sacke, & * 1.7 vtterly Ruinate Numantia. But when thou shalt at thy returne enter into the Capitol, ryding in a Chariot, thou shalt find yt Cōmon wealth merueilously fr∣shed & disquieted through the ruflinge Styrre, and Procurement of my * Ne∣phewe. * 1.8

Herein O Africanus, it shalbe very expedient and needeful, that thou set to,

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thy helping hande, and shewe foorth for thy Countreys sake and behoofe, the haultie courage and vndaūted prowesse of thy Mynde, Witte, and Counsayle. But of that tyme, I do see (as it were) the way of Fate and Destinie to be ve∣ry doubtfull. For when thou shalt come to bee Seuen times Eight Winters, & * 1.9 Sommers olde, and that these two nū∣bers (wherof both are accoumpted ful, the one for seueral cause frō the other) shall accomplishe and consummate the fatal terme of the Yeares, whych thou shalt lyue, with a naturall Reuolutiō: the whole Cittie shall leaue and repose her whole trust vpō thee only, and vpon thy name: Thee shal ye Honorable Se∣nate reuerence: thee will all good Men * 1.10 honour: the will all Felowes and Con∣federates of the Romaine People re∣garde: thee, will the Latines, loue and obaye: in thee onely, shal the saue∣garde and preseruation of the City con∣sist. And to be short, thou being enstal∣led in the office of Dictator, must nedes redresse the Abuses of the Common

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wealth, and set the same in good order: if thou mayest escape the cursed hands of thine owne kynred and Lignage.

At this last talke, Laelius with pity∣full scritches, crying out, and all the re∣sidue greatlye sorowing, Scipio myld∣lye smyling, said: I pray you do not a∣wake me out of my Sleepe, but be qui∣et and styll, and heare the rest.

But to the ende (Africane) that thou shouldest haue the more wil and animo∣sitie to defend ye Weale publique, make thy sure accoumpt of this: that vnto al those which haue beene Mainteiners, * 1.11 Ayders, and Encreasers, of their Coū∣try, a certaine and definite place is here in Heauen appoincted, where they in blessed state shall lyue euerlastinglye.

For there is nothing (namely done here on earth) which more pleaseth God (the most high Prince of all, who pro∣tecteth and gouerneth all this World) then the Congregatiōs and Assemblies of men, lawfully linckinge and lyuinge together with faythfull societie & Bro∣therly * 1.12 Felowshippe, one with an other:

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which are called by the name of Cities. The vprighte Magistrates, and Main∣teyners whereof, departing thence, shal hither retourne.

Here, albeeit I was fore afrayde, & not so much for dread & feare of Death, as for the Treacherous Conspiracie, of some of myne owne Kinsfolkes: yet did I demaund of him, whether my father * 1.13 Paul, were yet lyuing, and others mo, whom wee supposed, and thought to bee dead. Yea vndoubtedly (quoth bee) they are alyue, which hee ryd out of ye Ben∣des of their mortall Bodies, as out of a Prison. But that which you call Lyfe, is Death. Yea, beholde where thy Fa∣ther * 1.14 Paul commeth towardes thee.

Whom when I sawe, certes, I shed greate Abundaunce of Teares. But bee embracinge and kissing mee, vadde mee surceasse my Blubbering.

Assone as I had lefte Weepinge, and was able to speake: I besech you, most holy and worthye Father (quoth I) see∣ing this is the true Lyfe (as I heare A∣fricane say) why do I linger and tarye

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on Earth, and not hasten & make speede to come byther to you? Not so (quoth hee) For vnlesse God, who is the Ow∣ner * 1.15 of al this Temple which thou seest, dismisse and discharge the from ye cus∣todye of thy Bodye, there cannot bee a∣nye Entry or Passage, open for thee to come hyther.

For Men be created to this ende and condition, that they should manure and * 1.16 inhabite yonder round Globe, or Ball, which thou seest in the Middle of this Temple, called the Earth. And to thē is infused and geeuen a Mynde out frō these euerlastinge Lightes, which you call Planets and Starres: which bee∣inge perfect round, and Bowlewise, in∣spired wt Diuine and heauenly power, doe finishe and execute their Reuoluti∣ons, * 1.17 Circles and Ordes, with mer∣ueilous Celeritie and Quickenesse.

And therfore Public, it behooueth both thee, and all other godlye Persons to keepe styl your Mindes within the cus∣tody or Wardhouse of your Bodies, & not to depart out of your mortal life, wt∣out the

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commaundement of him that firste gaue & inspired the same into you: least * 1.18 in so doinge, you should seeme to refuse and start from the Function & office yt is vnto you, by God, appointed & assigned.

But Scipio, see that thou embrace and mainteine Iustice, and Pietie: euen as thy Graūdfather here before thee, & I thy Father which begatte thee, haue done. Which, although in our Pa∣rentes & Kinstolkes, it bee greate: yet namelye and especially is it greatest in * 1.19 our natiue Country: for that Lyfe is ye right way into Heauen, and into this Felowshippe and Companye of them, which haue now alreadye finished their natural race on Earth, and beeing dis∣missed out of their Bodies, do inhabite this place of Ioye which thou seest.

The place was a very white & shininge Circle, resplendaunt among Flames, * 1.20 (which you, as you haue hearde of the Greekes) doe terme and cal the Milkye Circle.

Whereupon I perusinge and view∣inge ech thing, al ye residue seemed both

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excellent and wonderfull. And they were those Starres, which wee neuer sawe from this place: and the greatnes & Magnitude of them, was so bigge, as wee neuer thought they had beene. A∣mong whom, * that was the least, which * 1.21 beeing furthest of frō Heauen, and nee∣rest to the Earth shyned with borowed Light. And the Globes of ye Starres were a greate Deale bygger then the whole Earthe. Now the Earth itselfe seemed vnto mee so small, that I was euen ashamed of our Empyre & Seig∣niorye: beeing so little, that wee enioye & occupie, (but as it were) a small prick or poynt of it. VVhich when I had be∣helde, and looked on more stedfastlye, I pray thee (quoth Africane) how longe wyll thy Mynde bee pooring & fixed to the Groundward? Markest and con∣siderest thou not, into what Temples thou art come and arriued? Behold al thinges are compacted and framed wt Nyne Orbes, or rather Globes, wher∣of one is the vttermost Heauen, which compasseth and contayneth al the other

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within it: the most Soueraigne & om∣nipotent God, holding and contayning the others, in whome are fixed those Starres, which rolle about and are ca∣ryed with perpetuall Reuolutions.

Vnder whom, are Seuen, whyche * 1.22 make their Course backeward, wyth contrarye motion to the Heauen. Of whom, that possesseth one Globe, which on the Earth is named * Saturne

Then next vnto it, is that prosperous and luckye Brightnesse to Mankinde, which hath to name *Iupiter.

Next is hee, that is Ruddy & dread∣full * 1.23 to the Earth, whom you cal * Mars.

Then euen almoste vnder the middle Region, the Sunne raigneth as chiefe, * 1.24 the Guyde, the Prince, and the Gouer∣nour of all the residue of the Lightes, yt * 1.25 Life geeuer, the Mynde and Tempera∣ture of the World: beeing so great and so bygge in quantity, that it searcheth & filleth all thinges, with his Shyning. * 1.26

Hym as Wayters and Companiōs do stil follow, * Venus and * Mercury in their Courses.

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And in the lowest Circle or Orbe, ye * 1.27 Moone lightned wt the Rayes or Bea∣mes of ye Sunne, hath her Reuolution. Beneath this Globe of ye Moone, there is nothing but yt, which is mortal, tran∣sitorie, and corruptible, sauing onelye ye Myndes or Soules, which Almighty God hath geeuen & inspired into Man∣kinde. * 1.28

Aboue the Moone all is Eternall & incorruptible. For the Earth whiche is middle and the Nynth, is not moued * 1.29 and is lowest of all others, and vnto it are all ponderous and heauye thinges, euen with their owne sway, caryed.

Which thing when I (as one great∣lye astonied) much mused and meruey∣led to see: after I was come to my selfe agayne: what sweete noyse and melodi∣ous * 1.30 Harmonie is this, (quoth I) that thus delighteth and filleth myne eares? This is (quoth he) that Tune cōpact wt vneuen Distances (but yet according to yt rated proportiō of yt partes, distinct, & different) whiche is caused and made through the swift Reuolutiō & mouing

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of these same Orbes: which tempering Sharpes wt Flattes, proportionallye, causeth sundry tunes of Harmonie. For (trulye) such great and swyft Motions, cannot bee mooued and incited wyth Sylence: and natural Course & Order requireth, that the Extremes on the one side shoulde geeue a Flatte sound, & on the other, a Sharpe.

For which cause, the highest Course of the Starry Heauen, whose whirling aboute & Reuolution is swifter & quic∣ker, * 1.31 is moued wt a Sharpe and Shrill sounde: But this lowest Course of the Moone is moued with a very Base and Flat sound. * 1.32

For the Earth beeing the Nynthe, is lumpishe and vnmoueable, and stic∣keth * 1.33 fast alwayes in the lowest Seate, compassing and vecispping the middle place of the World. And those Eight Courses, in which is one selfe same * 1.34 strength and time of * twayne, do make notes distinct with Seuen Stoppes & Distances, which* nūber is (in a ma∣ner) * 1.35 the Knot of al thinges. VVhych,

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Learned men with Stringes and son∣ges perceiuinge and imitating, haue o∣pened a waye to theimselues to haue ac∣cesse into this Place: as there likewise haue bene some others, who being men of most pregnaunt & excellent wyttes in their lyfe tyme, honored and applied di∣uine Studies.

This sound so filled mens eares, that ther with they became dunch and deafe. Neither is any Sense in you blunter or duller: as it is in them which dwel neere where the Riuer Nilus at the place cal∣led * 1.36 Catadupa, falleth downe from very highe & stiepe Mountaynes with a most * 1.37 violent and headlong fal, in such sort, yt the people which dwel and inhabit nere there about, forthe incredible greatnes of the noyse and sound, are generally al deafe. And this noyse of yt whole World, by reason of his most vehement & quicke conuersion and mouing is so great, that the eares of men are not able to conceiue and comprehend it: like as you are not able to looke stedfastly vpon the Sunne direct against you with your eyes: but wt

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the rayes & beames thereof youre sighte dazeleth and your Sense is ouercome.

Although I greatly wondered here∣at, yet did I now & then caste myne eyes * 1.38 toward the ground. Then spake Afri∣cane vnto me, saying: I perceiue, that yu yet stil castest an eye towards yonder seate and habitation of Men: which if it seeme vnto thee (as it is in deede) very little and small, cast thine eyes alwayes towards these Heauenly thinges, & con∣temne those mortall and humaine mat∣ters. For what celebrity of fame canste thou obtayne by the talke and report of Men, or what Glorye canste thou there wynne, worthy to be desired? Thou see∣est the dwellinges and habitable places which men haue on earth, be in sere pla∣ces and narow corners: yea & in ye same also (which are but as it were certayne spots or prickes, where they do inhabit) thou seest great Desertes & wast Wyl∣dernes to bee layed betweene and inter∣iected. Also thou seest theym whiche * 1.39 dwell vppon the Earth, bee not onelye so interrupted and disseuered in situatiō

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that nothinge betweene them can passe from one to another: but partlye they dwel awrye frō you, partly ouerthwart * 1.40 to you, & some directlye against you, at whose hands you can not loke to receiue any glorious Fame & Renowne. Thou seest also the same Earthe enuironed & compassed about, as it were with certen Gyrdles, whereof thou seest two, moste diuers, & contrarily distaunt, one from the other, lyinge vnder the * Poles, of Heauen, on both sides, to bee euer stiffe * 1.41 with extreme chilling & Froste. That which is in the middle, and is the grea∣test, is broyled with continuall and ex∣cessiue heate of the parching Sunne.

Two are habitable, whereof the one * 1.42 is Southward, and they that dwel ther∣in, do set their * feete against yours, and belong nothinge to your kinde. The o∣ther whiche lyeth towarde the Northe wherein you dwel, marke how slender a Portiō therof cōmeth to your share. For al the Earth which is inhabited of you, being narow at the Poles, & broder at yt

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sides, is a little small Island enuironed with that Sea, which you on earth call the Atlanticke, the Great, & the mayne * 1.43 Ocean Sea. Which notwithstandinge these his glorious names and greate ti∣tles, how small it is, thou seest.

From these inhabited and knowē Lan∣des, was eyther thy name, or the name of any of vs, able to reache eyther beyōd * 1.44 this hyl * Caucasus which thou seest, or els to swimme ouer yōder Ryuer * Gan¦ges? Who in the reste of the vttermoste and furthest parts of the East, or West, North or South, shal heare tell of thy * 1.45 name?

These beinge amputated and cut of, certes, thou seest in what narrow stray∣tes your glory is able to extend & stret∣che itselfe. As for them that shal speake of you, alas, how long shal they speake?

Furthermore if your Successours, & they that shal come after, were desirous and willing to blaze abroade and leaue to their Posterity the worthy prayses of euery one of vs, which they haue heard * 1.46 of their fathers, yet by reason of the De∣luges,

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and Inundations of waters, and the burninges of Lands which of neces∣sitie must happen at a certayn time, our glory which we may attaine, shalbe not only not eternal, but also not so much as of any continuaunce.

And what skilleth it to be talked of & remembred by them, which shalbe born hereafter, sithens there was no reporte made by them which were borne before: who (doubtlesse) were neyther fewer in number, and certes, were better Men a great deale? Especially sith among thē vnto whō the report of our Fame may be hearde, no man is able to beare anye thing in memory, the space of one yeare. For cōmonly men do recken a yeere on∣lye by the course and Reuolution of the Sunne, that is to wyt, of one Planet.

But in very deede when al the Sygnes & Starres of the Fyrmament are come agayne to the same point, from whence they once set out, and begin anew their former description of the whole Heauē, after long space and tract of time: then may that be truly named the Turning

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yere, wher in how many mens Ages are cōteyned, I dare scarcely report. For as the Sunne earst semed to be eclypsed & dimmed at that time, when the Soule of Romulus ascended into these Temples: so when soeuer the Sunne in the same part, and in that same tyme, shal agayne * 1.47 bee obscured and darckned, then (al the Starres and Signes beinge reuoked back to their selfe same first beginning) accoumpt thou & recken it, for a ful, com∣plete & perfect Yeare. And this knowe further, that the twentith parte of thys Yeare, is not yet expyred and runne out.

Therefore if thou dispayre of thy re∣turne into this Place, wherein al thin∣ges are for Noble and worthy Perso∣nages, how much worth then is this fa∣ding glory of Men, which can scarcelye last and reache, euen vnto a small parte of one Yeare?

Therefore if thou wylte lift vp thyne eyes on high, and view this Habitation * 1.48 & eternal Mansion, thou shalt neither be affectioned to geue thy selfe to the talke of the vulgar people, neyther repose thy

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hope and confidence in worldly promoti∣ons, & aduaūcement. For it must be only Vertue herselfe, which muste with her allurementes draw thee to the true Ho∣nour & renowne.

What others doe speake & talke of the, let they themselues looke: but yet talke * 1.49 they wyll. But al their talke is both en∣closed within the straites of yonder Re∣gions whiche thou seest: neyther hath their talke talke bene of any man perpe∣tuall: it both dyeth when the Men dye, and is vtterlye quenched wyth yt obliui∣on of Posteritie.

When he had thus said, certes ({quod} I) O Africane, if to the well deseruers of their Countrye, there lyeth as it were a path, open to thentry of Heauen, albeit from my childhood, walking in my Fa∣thers steps & yours, I haue ven nothing behinde with my dutie, to atchieue, and further your renowne, yet now seing so great a reward set out & propounded, I wil eudeuour & bend my selfe therunto * 1.50 farre more diligently.

Do so (quoth he) and make thy sure accoūt of this, yt it is not thou, which art

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mortal: but it is this Bodye of thyne: neyther art thou yt, which thy outwarde Forme & shape declareth: but the Mind * 1.51 and Soule of euery Man is he: and not that figure & shape which may be poin∣ted & shewed with the finger. Therfore knowe this, that thou art a God, if (for∣soth) a God be that, which lyueth, which * 1.52 feeleth, which remembreth, which fore∣seeth, which doth so wel rule, gouerne & moue that Bodye ouer whom it is ap∣pointed Ruler, as that most high prince God, doth this Worlde.

And as God beinge himselfe eternal, doth moue this World, beinge in some parte mortall: so likewise the Mynde being sempiternall, doth moue ye Bodie being frayle and transitorie: for yt which is euer moued, is eternall. But that which bringeth motion to another, and which selfe same, is mooued from else∣where, when it hath an end of mouinge, nedes must it haue an end of liuing also.

Therfore that only which moueth it¦selfe, because it is neuer forsaken nor left of itselfe, neuer (trulye) ceaseth it not to

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be moued. Moreouer, this is the fountain and beginninge of mouinge to all other things that are mooued. And the begin∣ning hath no originall: For all thinges proceede and spring from a Beginning, but itselfe can be made of nothinge.

For that which should haue genera∣cion elswhere, could not be a beginning.

So therfore if it neuer spring and be∣gynne, neyther doth it euer dye. For the Beginning being extinct, neyther shall itselfe euer grow again out of an other, neither shal it create any other of itselfe. For al thinges must nedes spring from a Beginning. And so it cōmeth to passe. yt the beginning of mouing is, because it is mooued of itselfe, and it can neither breede nor dye: or els the whole Heauen would fal down, and al Nature would of necessitie stand at a staye, and not ob∣teyne anye force and power wherebye to bee mooued with his first impulse and motion. Sithens therfore it playnly ap∣peareth, that what soeuer is moued of it¦selfe, is eternall: who is he that dareth to denye this Nature to bee geeuen to

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Myndes for that is without lyfe, which is moued wyth externall force and mo∣tion: but that which is a Soule, is mo∣ued with internall & proper mouing: for this is the nature and power that is pe∣culier to a Soule. Which if it bee one & the alone thing of al, which moueth it¦selfe, certes it was neyther borne, & is al¦so eternall. This see yt thou exercise in the best thinges.

And the best cares that a man can ta∣ke, are such as tend to the auayle & pro∣fite * 1.53 of our Country. In which cares the mynde being enured and practised, shall haue spedier accesse & arriuall into this Habitation, as into his proper Mansion place: and the soner shal it do so, if then, when it is enclosed in the Bodye, it sur∣mounte abroade, and beholdinge those thinges, that are outwardly, doe great∣lye withdraw itselfe, as much as is pos∣sible from the Bodie.

For the Minds of them that haue en∣thralled & geuen themselues to bodylye Pleasures, and haue made theymselues (as it were) the Bondslaues & ministers

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thereof: and by the egginge and procure¦mente of sensuall Luste and Appetite o∣baying * 1.54 Pleasures, haue prophaned and violated the Lawes both of God & man: those men whē they be dismissed and de∣liuered out of their bodies, are tumbled and tossed about the Earth, and doe not retourne into this Place, tyll they haue bene pursued & turmoyled manye hun∣dreth yeres. He departed: and I im∣mediatelye awaked oute of my Sleape.

Thomas Newtonus,

Cestreshyrius.
FINIS.

Notes

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