Britain, or A chorographicall description of the most flourishing kingdomes, England, Scotland, and Ireland, and the ilands adjoyning, out of the depth of antiquitie beautified vvith mappes of the severall shires of England: vvritten first in Latine by William Camden Clarenceux K. of A. Translated newly into English by Philémon Holland Doctour in Physick: finally, revised, amended, and enlarged with sundry additions by the said author.

[ A]

MIDLE-SEX.

MIDLE-SEX taketh name of the Middle-Saxons, because the Inhabitants thereof were in the middest betweene East-Sa∣xons, West-Saxons, South-Saxons, and those whom that age called Mercians. It is severed from Buckingham-shire by the River Cole which the Britans called Co, on the West-side, from Hertford-shire on the North-side by a knowne crooked [ B] limite, from Essex on the East with the River Lea, from Sur∣rey and Kent on the South by the Tamis. It being comprised within short Bounds lyeth out in length, where it is longest twenty miles, and in the narrowest place it is scant twelve miles over. For aire passing temperate, and for Soile fertile, with sumptuous houses and prety Townes on all sides pleasantly beautified: and every where offereth to the view many things memorable. By the River Cole,* 1.1 where it entreth first into this Shire, wee saw Breakespeare an an∣cient house belonging to a Family so sirnamed, out of which came Pope Hadrian the Fourth, of whom erewhile I spake: then, Haresfeld, in old time Herefelle, the possession in King William the Conquerours daies of Richard the * 1.2 * 1.3 sonne of Counte [ C] Gislebert. More Southward, Vxbridge anciently Woxbridge a Towne of later time built, and full of Innes, stretcheth out in length. Beneath which is Draiton, reedi∣fied by the Barons Paget; Colham, which from the Barons Le Strange came to the Earles of Darby: and Stanwell ever since the Normans comming in, unto our fa∣thers dayes the habitation of the Family of Windesore. And not farre from hence, Cole after it hath made certaine scattering medow Islands, at two small mouthes fal∣leth into Tamis. Along the side whereof, as a Germane Poet in this our age pretily versified,

Tot campos, Sylvas, tot regia tecta, tot hortos Artifici dextrâ excultos, tot vidimus arces, [ D] Ut nunc Ausonio Tamisis cum Tybride certet. So many fields and pleasant woods, so many princely Bowres, And Palaces we saw besides, so many stately Towres, So many gardens trimly dress'd by curious hand which are, That now with Romane Tyberis the Tamis may well compare.

At the very first entrance,* 1.4 Stanes in the Saxon tongue 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 offereth it selfe to our sight, where Tamis hath a woodden Bridge over it. This name it tooke of a meere∣stone heere in times past set up to marke out the jurisdiction that the City of London hath in the River.* 1.5 Neere unto this stone is that most famous Medow Runingmead commonly called Renimed: in which the Baronage of England assembled in great [ E] number in the yeere 1215. to exact their Liberties of King John. Whereof in the marriage of Tame and Isis the Poet wrote thus, speaking of the Tamis that runneth hard by.

Subluit hic pratum, quod dixit Renimed Anglus, Quo sedere duces armis annísque verendi, Regis Joannis cuperent qui vertere sceptrum, Edwardi Sancti dum leges juráque vellent Principe contempto tenebroso è carcere duci: Hinc sonnere tubae plusquam civilia bella, Venit & hinc refugus nostras Lodovicus in orat. [ F] Hence runnes it hard by Medow greene, in English RENIMED, Where close in counsell sat the Lords, as well for armour dred As ancient yeeres right reverend: who sought their soveraigne King John to depose from regall Throne: Whiles that they ment to bring (Contemning Prince) S. Edwards lawes and liberties againe,

Inure, which had long time forlet a quite forgotten laine. [ A] Hence more than civill Warres, aloud the trumpets ganne to sound, Hence Lewis of France, who soone retir'd, set foot on English ground.

From thence it passeth by Coway-stakes at Lalam, where we said that Caesar crossed over the Tamis, and the Britans fensed the banke and Fourd against him with stakes, whereof it had the name.* 1.6 Tamis passing downe from thence seeth above it Harrow, the highest hill of all this Country, under which Southward there lie for a long way together exceeding rich and fruitfull fields, especially about Heston a small Village that yeeldeth so fine floure for manchet that a long time it hath served for the Kings mouth.* 1.7 Within a little of it is Hanworth, where stands a prety house of the Kings which King Henry the Eighth tooke exceeding delight in, as being a retiring place [ B] for his solace and voluptuous pleasure.* 1.8 Afterwards it runneth hard by Hampton Court a royall Palace of the Kings, a worke in truth of admirable magnificence built out of the ground by Thomas Wolsey Cardinall, in ostentation of his riches, when for very pride, being otherwise a most prudent man, hee was not able to mannage his minde. But it was made an Honour, enlarged and finished by King Henry the Eighth so amply, as it containeth within it five severall inner Courts passing large, environed with very faire buildings wrought right curiously, and goodly to behold. Of which Leland writeth thus:

Est locus insolito rerum splendore superbus, Alluitúrque vaga Tamisini fluminis unda, [ C] Nomine ab antiquo jam tempore dictus Avona. Hîc Rex Henricus taleis Octavius aedes Erexit, qualeis toto Sol aureus orbe Non vidit. A stately place for rare and glorious shew There is, which Tamis with wandring streame doth dowsse; Times past, by name of Avon men it knew; Heere Henry the Eigth of that name, built an house So sumptuous, as that on such an one (Seeke through the World,) the bright Sunne never shone. [ D]

And another in the Nuptiall Poeme of Tame and Isis.

Alluit Hamptonam celebrem quae laxior urbis Mentitur formam spacijs; hanc condidit aulam Purpureus pater ille gravis, gravis ille sacerdos Wolsaeus, fortuna favos cui ••elle repletos Obtulit, heu tandem foriunae dona dolores. He runnes by HAMPTON, which for spacious seat Seemes City-like: Of this faire Courtly Hall First founder was a Priest and Prelate great Wolsey, that grave and glorious Cardinall: [ E] Fortune on him had pour'd her gifts full fast, But Fortunes Blisse, Alas, prov'd Bale at last.

And now with a winding reach the River bendeth his course Northward by Gistleworth,* 1.9 for so was that called in old time, which now is Thistleworth. Where sometime stood the Palace of Richard King of Romans and Earle of Cornwall, which the Londoners in a tumultuous broile burnt to the ground.

From hence Sion sheweth it selfe, a little Monastery so named of the most holy Mount Sion: Which King Henry the Fifth, when he had expelled thence the Monkes aliens, built for religious Virgins to the honor of our Saviour, the Virgine Mary, and Saint Briget of Sion: like as he founded another on the Rivers side over against it for [ F] the Carthusian Monkes, named Jesu of Bethelem. In this Sion, hee appointed to the Glory of God so many Nunnes, Priests, and lay brethren divided a part within their severall wals, as were in number equall to Christ his Apostles and Disciples: upon whom when he had bestowed sufficient living he provided by a law, that contenting

[ A] themselves therewith, they should take no more of any man: but what overplus so∣ever remained of their yearely revenew, they should bestow it upon the poore. But after that in our forefathers time those religious Votaries were cast out, and it be∣came a retiring house of the Duke of Somerset, who plucked downe the Church, and there began a new house. Under this the small water Brent issueth into the Ta∣mis, which springing out of a Pond vulgarly called Brouns-well, for Brentwell, that is, in old English Frog-well, passeth downe betweene Hendon, which Archbishop Dun∣stan borne for the advancement of Monkes, purchased for some few golde Bizan∣tines,* 1.10 which were Imperiall peeces of Gold coined at Bizantium or Constantinople, and gave to the Monks of Saint Peter of Westminster: and Hamsted-hils (from whence [ B] you have a most pleasant prospect to the most beautifull City of London, and the lovely Country about it.) Over which the ancient Roman military way led to Veru∣lam or Saint Albans by Edge-worth, and not by High-gate as now, which new way was opened by the Bishops of London about some 300. yeares since. But to returne, Brent into whom all the small Rillets of these parts resort, runneth on by Brentstreat, an Hamlet to whom it imparted his name, watereth Hanger-wood, Hanwell, Oisterly Parke, where Sir Thomas Gresham built a faire large house: and so neere his fall into the Tamis giveth name to Brentford a faire throughfaire, and frequent Mercat.

Neere which in the yeare 1116. King Edmond sirnamed Ironside, so fiercely charged upon the Danes whom hee compelled by force to retire from the Siege of [ C] London, that as fast as their horses could make way, they fled, not without their great losse. From Stanes hitherto, all that lyeth betweene London highway (which goeth through Hounslow) and the Tamis was called the Forrest or Warren of Stanes, untill that King Henry the Third, as in his Charter we reade; Disforrested and dis∣warened it.* 1.11 Then by the Tamis side is Fulham, in the English Saxon tongue 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, that is, The place of Fowles: the greatest credit and honour whereof is the Bishop of Londons house standing there conveniently, not farre from the City, albeit not so healthfully.* 1.12 Also Chelsey, so named of a shelfe of Sand in the River Tamis as some suppose, but in Records it is named Chelche-hith: a place garnished with faire and stately houses, by King Henry the Eighth, by William Powlet the first Marquesse of [ D] Winchester, and by others.

But LONDON,* 1.13 the Epitome or Breviary of all Britaine, the seat of the British Em∣pire, and the Kings of Englands Chamber, so much overtoppeth all these, as according to the Poet, Inter viburna Cupress••s, that is, the Cypresse-tree amongst the Viornes. Ta∣citus, Ptolomee, and Antonine call it LONDINIUM, and LONGIDINIUM: Ammi∣anus LUNDINUM and AUGUSTA; Stephen in his Cities 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, our Bri∣tans Lundayn; the old Saxons 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: Stran∣gers Londra and Londres: the inhabitants London: Fabulous writers Troja nova, that is, New Troy, Dinas Belin, that is, Belins City, and Caer Lud of King Lud, whom they write to have reedified it and given it the name. But these few names and originall [ E] derivations together with Erasmus his conjecture, who deriveth it from Lindum a City in the Isle Rhodes I willingly leave to such as well like it. For mine owne part; seeing that Caesar and Strabo doe write that the ancient Britains called those Woods and groves by the names of Cities and Townes, which they had fenced with trees cast downe and plashed to stoppe up all passage: seeing also I have understood that such woods or groves are in the British tongue named Ll••wn,* 1.14 I encline a little to the opinion that London thence tooke name, as one would say, by way of excellency The City, or A City thicke of trees. But if heerein I faile of the truth, let me with good leave give my conjecture (and heere would I have no man to charge me with incon∣stancy while I disport in conjecture) that whence it had the fame, thence also it tooke [ F] the name, even from ships, which the Britains in their language call Lhong: so that Londinum may seeme to sound as much as a ship-Rode, or City of ships. For, the Bri∣tains tearme a City Dinas, whence the Latines have fetched their Dinum.* 1.15 And hence it is, that elsewhere it is called LONGIDINIUM, and in the funerall song or Dump of a most ancient British * 1.16 Bard, Lhong-porth, that is, an harbour or haven of ships; and by

this very terme Bononia, or Bolen in France, which Ptolomee calleth Gessoriacum Na∣vale, [ A] in the British Glossarie is named Bolung-long. For, many Cities have drawne their names from Ships, as Naupactus, Naustathmos, Nauplia, Navalia Augusti, &c. But of these none hath better right to assume unto it the name of a Ship-Rode, or Ha∣ven, than our London. For, in regard of both Elements most blessed and happy it is, as being situate in a rich and fertile Soile, abounding with plentifull store of all things and on the gentle ascent and rising of an hill, hard by the Tamis side, the most milde Merchant, as one would say, of all things that the World doth yeeld: which swelling at certaine set houres with the Ocean-tides, by his safe and deepe chanell able to en∣tertaine the greatest Ships that bee, daily bringeth in so great riches from all parts, that it striveth at this day with the Mart-townes of Christendome for the second prise, [ B] and affoordeth a most sure and beautifull Roade for shipping. A man would say that seeth the shipping there, that it is, as it were, a very Wood of trees disbranched to make glades and let in light: So shaded it is with masts and failes.

Who was the first founder, is by long time growne out of knowledge, and in truth very few Cities there are that know their own first founders, considering they grew up to their greatnesse by little and little. But as other Cities so this of ours fathereth her originall upon the Trojanes, as verily beleeving that Brutus the Nephew in the third descent of Great Aeneas was the builder thereof. But whosoever founded it, the hap∣py and fortunate estate thereof hath given good proofe, that built it was in a good houre and marked for life, and long continuance. And that it is for antiquity ho∣nourable, [ C] Ammianus Marcellinus giveth us to understand, who called it in his times, and that was 1200. yeares agoe, an old towne: and Cornelius Tacitus in like manner, who in Nero his daies 1540. yeares since, reported it to have been a place very famous for fresh Trade, concourse of Merchants, and great store of victuals and all things necessary. This onely at that time was wanting to the glory thereof, that it had the name nei∣ther of Free City nor of Colony. Neither verily could it have stood with the Romans profit, if a City flourishing with merchandize should have enjoyed the right of a Colony or Free City. And therefore it was, as I suppose, that they ordained it to bee a Praefecture:* 1.17 for so they termed townes where Marts were kept and Justice ministred: yet so as that they had no Magistrates of their owne, but rulers were sent every year [ D] to governe in them, and for to minister Law, which in publique matters, namely of tax, tributes, tolles, customes, warfare, &c. they should have from the Senate of Rome. Hence it commeth that Tacitus the Panegyrist, and Marcellinus call it onely a towne. And although it was not in name loftier, yet in welth, riches and prosperity it flouri∣shed as much as any other, yea and continued in manner alwaies the same under the dominion of Romans, English-Saxons, and Normans, seldome or never afflicted with any great calamities. In the Raigne of Nero, when the Britans had conspired to re∣cover and resume their liberty under the leading of Boadicia, the Londoners could not with all their weeping and teares hold Suetonius Paulinus, but that after hee had levied a power of the Citizens to aide him, hee would needs dislodge and remove [ E] from thence, leaving the City naked to the enemy: who foorthwith surprised and slew some few, whom either weaknesse of sex, feeblenesse of age, or sweetnesse of the place had deteined there. Neither had it susteined lesse losse and misery at the hands of the French, if it had not soddenly and beyond all expectation by Gods pro∣vidence beene releeved. For when C. Alectus had by a deceitfull wile made away C. Carausius a Clive-lander,* 1.18 who taking vantage of our rough seas, of Dioclesians dan∣gerous warres in the East, and withall presuming of the French, and most venterous Mariners and servitors at sea, had withheld to himselfe the revenewes of Britain and Holland, and borne for the space of six yeares the title of Emperour Augustus, as his coines very often found heere doe shew: when M. Aurelius Asclepiodotus likewise had [ F] in a battaile slain Alectus in the third year now of his usurpation of the imperiall pur∣ple and state; those French, who remained alive after the fight, hasting to London forthwith would have sacked the City, had not the Tamis, which never failed to helpe the Londoners, very fitly brought in the Roman souldiers, who by reason of a

[ A] fogge at Sea were severed from the Navie. For, they put the Barbarians to the sword all the City over, and thereby gave the Citizens not onely safety by the slaughter of their enemies, but also pleasure in the beholding of such a sight. And then it was, as our Chro∣nicles record, that Lucius Gallus was slaine by a little Brookes side, which ran through the middle almost of the City, and of him was in British called Nant-Gall, in Eng∣lish Walbrooke: which name remaineth still in a Street, under which there is a sewer within the ground to ridde away filth;* 1.19 not farre from London-stone, which I take to have beene a Milliary, or Milemarke, such as was in the Mercate place of Rome: From which was taken the dimension of all journies every way, considering it is in the very mids of the City, as it lyeth in length. Neither am I perswaded that London [ B] was as yet walled. Howbeit within a little while after, our Histories report, that Constantine the Great at the request of his mother Helena, did first fense it about with a Wall made of rough stone and British brickes,* 1.20 which tooke up in compasse three miles or thereabout: so as it enclosed the modell of the City, almost foure square but not equall on every side, considering that from West to East it is farre longer, than from South to North. That part of this Wall which stood along the Tamis side is by the continuall flowing and washing of the River fallen downe and gone. Yet there appeared certaine remaines thereof in King Henry the Seconds time, as Fitz-Stephen, who then lived, hath written. The rest now standing is stronger toward the North,* 1.21 as which not many yeares since was reedified by the meanes of Jotceline Lord [ C] Major of London, became of a sodaine new, as it were, and fresh againe. But toward East and West, although the Barons in old time during their warres repaired and re∣newed it with the Jewes houses then demolished, yet is it all throughout in decay. For Londoners, like to those old Lacedemonians laugh at strong walled Cities, as cotte houses for Women, thinking their owne City sufficiently fensed when it is for∣tified with men and not with stones.* 1.22 This Wall giveth entrance at seven principall Gates, (for wittingly I omit the smaller) which as they have beene newly repaired, so they have had also new names given unto them.

On the West side there be two: to wit Lud-gate of king Lud, or Flud-gate, as Le∣land is of opinion, of a little floud running beneath it (like as the Gate Fluentana in [ D] Rome) built againe of late from the very foundation:* 1.23 and Newgate the fairest of them all, so called of the newnesse thereof, where as before it was termed Chamber∣langate, which also is the publique Goall or Prison. On the North side are foure; Al∣dersgate of the antiquity, or as others would have it, of * 1.24 Aldrich a Saxon: Creple-gate, of a Spitle of lame Creples sometime adjoyning thereunto: More-gate of a moory ground hard by, now turned into a field and pleasant Walkes: which Gate was first built by Falconer Lord Major in the yeare of our Lord 1414. and Bishopsgate of a Bi∣shop, which Gate the Dutch Merchants of the Stilyard were bound by Covenant,* 1.25 both to repaire and also to defend at all times of danger and extremity. On the East side there is Aldgate alone, so named of the oldnesse, or Elbegate, as others terme it, [ E] which at this present is by the Cities charge reedified. It is thought also that there stood by the Tamis beside that on the Bridge two Gates more, namely, Belings-gate, a Wharfe now, or a key for the receit of Ships, and Douregate, that is, The Water-gate, commonly called Dowgate.

Where the Wall endeth also toward the River there were two very strong Forts or Bastilions:* 1.26 of which the one Eastward remaineth yet, usually called, The Towre of London: in the British tongue, Bringwin, or Tourgwin of the whitenesse. A most famous and goodly Citadell, encompassed round with thicke and strong Walles, full of lofty, and stately Turrets, fenced with a broad and deepe ditch, furnished also with an Armory or Magazine of warlike Munition, and other buildings besides: so as it [ F] resembleth a big towne: and a man may truly suppose, that those two Castles which Fitz-Stephen recorded to have beene at the East side of this City went both to the making of this one. The other Fort was on the West side of the City, where Fleete, a little Riveret (whence Fleete-streete tooke name) now of no account, but in times past able to beare Vessels, as I have read in the Parliament Rolls, sheddeth it selfe in∣to

the Tamis. Fitz-Stephen called this the Palatine Towre or Castle: and they write, [ A] that in the Raigne of William the Conquerour it was consumed by fire. Out of the ruines whereof, both a great part of Pauls Church was newly built: and also in the very plot of ground where it stood, Robert Kilwarby Archbishop of Canterbury founded a religious house for Dominican Friers (whereupon we call the place Blacke Friers.) Whereby, a man may easily guesse of what bignesse it was. Howbeit there stood in that place in the dayes of king Henry the second (Gervase of Tilbury in his booke entituled Otia Imperiatia is mine Authour) two Forts or Castles built with Wals and Rampiers: The one whereof belonged to Bainard, the other to the Barons of Mont∣fichet by right of succession. But nothing remaineth of them at this day. Yet some thinke, that Pembroch house was a peece of them, which we terme Bainards Castle, of William [ B] Bainard a Noble man Lord of Dunmow,* 1.27 whose possession sometime it was, whose successours the Fitz-walters were in right of inheritance the Ensigne Bearers of the City of London, and amongst them Robert Fitz-walter had licence of king Edward the First to sell the site of Bainard Castle to the said Archbishop Robert.

Neither was this City at that time walled onely, but also when the Flamin or Pa∣gan Priest was taken away, and Christian Religion established under that good Em∣perour, a Bishop was enstalled in his roome. For, it appeareth, that at the Councell of Arles which in the yeare of grace 314. was held under Constantine the Great, the Bishop of London was present. For, he subscribed, as is to be seene in the first Tome of the Councels in this manner: RESTITUTUS Bishop in the City of London, out of [ C] the Province of Britaine: which Restitutus and his successors had their seat and resi∣ance, as some affirme, at Saint Peters in Cornhill. Heereafter, London flourished in such honour, that it beganne to bee called AUGUSTA, and by that name was fa∣mous under the Emperour Valentinian. For, Amianus Marcellinus in his 27. booke writeth thus:* 1.28 And going forward to London an ancient Towne, which the posterity called Augusta: and in the 28. booke. He went from Augusta, which men of old time called Lundi, whence it came, that when after Constantines time there was a Mint appointed there∣in. (For we reade in his peeces of money,* 1.29 which he stamped in honour of his father Constantius, and in others, this inscription P. LON. S. that is, Pecunia Londini signata, that is, Money stamped at London) he that had the charge and overseeing thereof un∣der [ D] the * 1.30 Comes sacrarum largitionum, is in the booke of Notice termed Praepositus The∣saurorum Augustensiam in Britannia, that is, Provost of the Treasury of Augusta, or London in Britaine. For this name AUGUSTA was a name full of much dignity, full of majesty. And both founders and repairers of Cities when they either hoped or wished that such Cities would become flourishing and powerfull, gave them significative names of good fortune. But among the most auspicious names that be, none is more magnificent, none more auspicate than AUGUSTA. For, this of AUGUSTUS, that most gracious and mighty Emperour Octavianus tooke unto himselfe not without the judgement of the best learned. Sirnamed he was, saith Dio, Augustus, as one of great Majesty above the nature of man. For, what things be most honourable and sacred, are called [ E] AUGUSTA; Neither had London this name for so high an honour without the Li∣cence of the Romane Emperours. For that names could not bee imposed to Cities without licence, Virgil noteth in that Verse of his:

Urbem appellabant, permisso nomine, Acestam. The City, by permission, ACESTA they did name.

But as continuance of time hath out-worne this so honorable a name of Augusta: so it hath confirmed that other more ancient name, Londinum. Whiles it enjoyed the foresaid name Augusta, it scaped faire from destruction by a rebellious rout of Ran∣sackers: but Theodosius the father of Theodosius the Emperour did cut them in peeces whiles they were encombred with their spoiles, and entred, as Marcianus saith, with [ F] exceeding great joy in triumphant manner into the City distressed before and overwhelmed with grievous calamities. And marching with his Army from thence, he by his valiant prowesse so freed Britain from those intolerable miseries and dangers wherewith it was beset, that the Romans, as witnesseth Symmachus, honored him among other ancient

[ A] worthies and men of honourable Renowne, with the Statue of a man of Armes. Not long after, when the Romans Empire in Britaine was come to an end, in that publique destiny and fatall fall of the whole State, it fell into the English-Saxons hands: but in what sort, it is not agreed upon among Writers. For mine owne part, I am of opinion, that Vortigern, to redeeme himselfe being taken Prisoner, de∣livered it for his ransome unto Hengest the Saxon: considering that it belonged to the East-Saxons, whose Country, as Writers doe record, Vortigerne upon that con∣dition made over unto Hengest.

At which time the State of the Church went to wracke and endured sore af∣flictions, the Pastours were either slaine or forced to flye, their flockes driven away, [ B] and after havocke made of all, as well Church goods as others, Theon the last Bi∣shop of London of British bloud, was faine to hide the holy Reliques of Saints, for a memoriall (as mine Authour saith) and not for any Superstition.* 1.31 But although those dayes of the English-Saxons were such as that a man might truely say: Mars then brandished and shooke his weapons, yet was London never the lesse, as Bede testifieth, a Towne of Trade and Traffique, Frequented with many Nations resorting thither by sea and land. But afterwards, when a more gracious gale of peace brea∣thed favourably upon this wearied Island, and the English-Saxons beganne to pro∣fesse Christianity,* 1.32 it also beganne a fresh to flourish againe. For, Aethelbert King of Kent, under whom Sebert reigned in this Tract, as it were, his Vassall and by [ C] courtesie, founded heere a Church and consecrated it to Saint Paul, which being eftsoones reedified and repaired became at length most stately and magnificent, endowed also with faire Livings and Revenewes, wherewith are maintained, a Bishop, a Deane, and Chaunter, a Chancellour, and a Treasurer, five Archdea∣cons, thirty Prebendaries and divers others.

The East part of this Church, which seemeth to bee the newer and curious∣ly wrought, having under it a very faire Arched Vault, which also is Saint Faithes Church, was begunne of the ruines of that Palatine Castle (which I speake of) by Maurice the Bishop; about the yeare of our Lord 1086. when as before time it had beene consumed by a woefull accidentall fire: whereof, [ D] William of Malmesbury writeth thus: The beauty thereof is so magnificent, that it deserveth to bee numbered in the ranke of most excellent Edifices: so large is that Ar∣ched Vault underneath, and the Church above it of such capacity, that it may seeme sufficient to receive any multitude of people whatsoever.* 1.33 Because therefore Maurice carried a minde be∣yond all measure in this project, he betooke the charge and cost of so laborious a peece of worke unto those that came after. In the end when B. Richard his Successour had made over all the Revenewes belonging unto the Bishopricke to the building of this Cathedrall Church, sustai∣ning himselfe and his Family otherwise in the meane while, hee seemed in a manner to have done just nothing: so that hee spent his whole substance profusely heereabout, and yet small effect came thereof.

[ E] The West Part, as also the Crosse-yle are spacious, high built, and good∣ly to bee seene by reason of the huge Pillars and a right beautifull arched Roufe of stone. Where these foure Parts crosse one another and meete in one, there riseth uppe a mighty bigge and lofty Towre, upon which stood a Spire Steeple covered with Leade, mounting uppe to a wonderfull height: for it was no lesse than five hundered and foure and thirty foote high from the Ground; which in the yeare of our Lord 1087. was set on fire with Lightning, and burnt, with a great part of the City: but beeing rebuilt, was of late in mine owne remem∣brance, when I was but a Childe,* 1.34 fired againe with Lightning, and is not as yet re∣edified. The measure also and proportion of this so stately building, I will heere [ F] put downe out of an old Writer, which you may, if it please you, reade: Saint Pauls Church containeth in length sixe hundered ninety foote: the breadth thereof is one hundered and thirty foote: the height of the West Arched Roufe from the Ground car∣rieth an hundered and two foote: and the new Fabrique from the Ground is foure score and eight foote high. The stoneworke of the Steeple from the plaine ground riseth in height

two hundred and threescore foote: and the timber frame upon the same is two hundred sea∣venty [ A] foure foote high, &c.

* 1.35That there stood of old time a Temple of Diana in this place some have conjectu∣red, and arguments there are to make this their conjecture good. Certaine old hou∣ses adjoyning are in the ancient records of the Church called Dianaes Chamber: and in the Church-yard, while Edward the First reigned, an incredible number of Ox-heads were digged up, as wee finde in our Annals, which the common sort at that time made a wondering at, as the Sacrifices of Gentiles: and the learned know, that Taurapolia were celebrated in the honour of Diana.* 1.36 I my selfe also when I was a boy, have seene a stagges head sticking upon a speare-top, (a ceremony suting well with the sacrifices of Diana) carried round about within the very Church in solemne [ B] pompe and procession, and with a great noise of Horne-blowers. And that Stagge or Hart which they of the house de Bawde in Essex did present for certaine lands that there held, as I have heard say, the Priests of this Church arrayed in their sacred ve∣stiments, and wearing Garlands of flowers upon their heads, were wont to receive at the steps of the quire.

Now whether this were in use before those Bawds were bound to exhibite such a Stagge, I wote not: but surely this rite and ceremony may seeme to smell of Dia∣na's worship and the Gentiles errours, more than of Christian Religion. And verily no man neede to doubt, that from them certaine strange, and foraine and hea∣thenish rites crept into Christian religion. Which Ceremonies the first Christians, [ C] (as mankinde is naturally a pliant Sectary to superstition) either admitted, or else at the first tolerated, thereby to traine and allure the Heathen, from Paganisme by little and little to the true Service and Worship of God.

But ever since this Church was built, it hath beene the See of the Bishops of London: and the first Bishop that it had under the English (about fifty yeares after that Theo•• of the British Nation was thrust out) was Melitus a Roman consecra∣ted by Austin Archbishop of Canturbury. In honour of which Austin, flat a∣gainst the Decree of Pope Gregorie the Great, the Ensignes of the Archbishop∣ricke, and the Metropolitane Sec, were translated from London to Canturbury. Within this Cathedrall Church,* 1.37 (to say nothing of Saint Erkenwald, and the Bishops) [ D] there lye buryed Sebba King of the East Saxons, who gave over his kingdome for to serve Christ; Etheldred or Egeldred, who was an Oppressour rather than a Ruler of this Kingdome, cruell in the beginning, wretched in the middle, and shamefull in the end:* 1.38 so outragious hee was in his connivency to a Parricidie committed, so infamous in his flight and effeminacy,* 1.39 and so miserable in his death.

Henry Lacy Earle of Lincolne; Iohn of Gaunt Duke of Lancaster, Sir Simon de Burlie a right noble Knight of the Garter executed by encroched Authority with∣out the kings assent, Sir Iohn de Beauchamp, Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports; Iohn Lord Latimer, Sir Iohn Mason knight; William Herbert Earle of Pembroch, Sir Ni∣cholas Bacon Lord Keeper of the Great Seale of England, a man of a deepe reach [ E] and exquisite judgement; Sir Philip Sidney, and Sir Francis Walsingham, two fa∣mous knights, &c. and Sir Christopher Hatton Lord Chancellour of England, for whose perpetuall memory Sir William Hatton his Nephew by sister, descended from the ancient Family of the Newports, whom hee adopted into the name of Hatton, dutifully erected a sumptuous monument, well beseeming the greatnesse of his adoptive father.

Beside this Church, there is not to my knowledge any other worke of the Eng∣lish Saxons extant in London to bee seene: for why? they continued not long in perfect peace; considering that in short space the West-Saxons subdued the East-Saxons; and London became subject to the Mercians. Scarcely were these ci∣vill [ F] Warres husht, when a new Tempest brake out of the North: I meane the Danes, who piteously tore in peeces all this Country, and shooke this City sore. For the Danes brought it under their Subjection: but Aelfred recovered it out of their hands, and after he had repaired it, gave it unto Aetheldred Earle of the Mercians,

[ A] who had married his daughter. Yet those wastefull depopulators, did what they could afterwards many a time to winne it by Siege; but * 1.40 Canut especially, who by digging a new Chanell attempted to turne away the Tamis from it. Howbeit ever∣more they lost their labour; the Citizens did so manfully repulse the force of the enemy. Yet were they not a little terrified still by them, untill they lovingly re∣ceived and saluted as their King, William Duke of Normandy; whom God desti∣ned to bee borne for the good of England against those Spoilers. Presently then, the windes were laid, the clouds disparcled, and golden dayes in deed shone upon it: Since when it never sustained any great calamity to speake of: but through the speciall favour and indulgence of Princes obtained very large and great Immunities, [ B] beganne to bee called The Kings Chamber, and so flourished a new with fresh trade and traffique of Merchants, that William of Malmesbury who lived well neere a∣bout that time, termed it, A noble and wealthy City, replenished with rich Citizens, and frequented with the commerce of Occupiers and Factours comming out of all lands. And Fitz-Stephen living also in those dayes, hath left in writing, that London at that time counted an hundred and twenty two Parish Churches, and thirteene Covents of religious Orders: also that when a Muster and shew was made of able men to beare Armes, they brought into the Field under their Collours forty thousand footemen, and twenty thousand horsemen.

Then was it enlarged with new buildings, and the spacious Suburbs stretched [ C] forth from the gates a great length on every side: but Westward especially which are the greatest,* 1.41 and best peopled: In which are twelve Innes, ordained for Stu∣dents of our Common law: whereof foure being very faire and large belong to the judiciall Courts, the rest to the Chauncery: besides two Innes moreover for the Serjeants at Law. Herein such a number of young Gentlemen doe so paineful∣ly ply their bookes, and study the Law, that for frequency of Students, it is not inferiour either to Angiers, Cane, or Orleance it selfe, as Sir Iohn Fortescue in his small Treatise of the Lawes of England doth witnesse.* 1.42 The said foure principall houses, are The Inner Temple, the Middle Temple, Graies Inne, and Lincolns Inne. Those two former named,* 1.43 stand in the very place where in times past, during the [ D] Raigne of King Henry the Second, Heraclius Patriarch of Jerusalem consecrated a Church for Knights Templars, which they had newly built according to the forme of the Temple, neere unto the Sepulchre of our Lord at Hierusalem. For, at their first institution about the yeare of our Lord 1113. they dwelt in part of the Temple hard by the Sepulchre, whereof they were so named, and vowed to defend Christian Religion, the Holy Land, and Pilgrimes going to visite the Lords Se∣pulchre, against all Mahometans, and Infidels; professing to live in chastity and obedience; whereupon all men most willingly and with right loving hearts em∣braced them: so that, through the bounteous liberality of Princes and devout people, having gotten in all places very faire Possessions, and exceeding great wealth, [ E] they flourished in high reputation for Piety and Devotion: yea and in the opi∣nion, both of the holinesse of the men, and of the place King Henry the Third, and many Noble men desired much to bee buryed in their Church among them. Some of whose Images are there to bee seene, with their legges acrosse. For, so they were buryed in that Age that had Taken upon them the Crosse (as they then termed it) to serve in the Holy Land, or had vowed the same. Among whom was William Marshall the elder a most powerfull man in his time, William and Gilbert his sonnes Marshalles of England and Earles of Penbroch. Upon William the elder his Tombe I some yeares since read in the upper part Comes Penbrochiae, and upon side this Verse: [ F]

Miles eram Martis, Mars multos vicerat armis.

Of Mars I was a doughty Knight, Mars vanquished many a man in fight.

* 1.44But in processe of time, when with insatiable greedinesse they had hoorded great [ A] wealth by withdrawing tith's from churches,* 1.45 appropriating spiritual livings to them∣selves, and other hard meanes; their riches turned to their ruine. For thereby their former piety was after a manner stifled, they fell at jarre with other religious orders, their professed obedience to the Patriarch of Ierusalem was rejected, envy among the common sort was procured, which hope of gain among the better sort so enkindled, that in the yeere of our salvation 1312. this order was condemned of impiety, and by the Popes authority utterly abolished.* 1.46 Howbeit their possessions were by autho∣rity of the Parliament assigned to the Hospitalier Knights of S. Iohn of Ierusalem, least that such Lands given to pious and good uses, against the Donours will should bee alienated to other uses. And yet it is apparent out of ancient writings, that this place, [ B] after the expulsion of the Templers,* 1.47 was the seat and habitation of Thomas Earle of Lancaster, and of Sir Hugh Spenser King Edward the Second his minion: afterwards of Sir Aimer de Valence Earle of Pembroch, and in the end turned into two Colledges or Innes of Lawyers. Of the rest of these Innes, I have found nothing at all by rea∣ding: But the generall voyce goeth, that the one was the dwelling house of the Lord Greies of Wilton, and the other of the Earles of Lincolne.

Nere unto this K. Henry the third erected betweene the New and the Old Temple an house of Converts, for the maintenance of those that were converted from Iudaisme to the Christian Truth: which King Edward the Third appointed afterwards for [ C] rolls and records to be kept therein,* 1.48 and thereof at this day it is called The Rowls.

These Suburbs with houses standing close together, and stately habitations of the Nobles and great Men of the Land along the Tamis side, reach out as farre as to Westminster. Among which these are the most memorable here: Bride-well, where King Henry the Eighth built a royall house for the entertainment of Charles the Fifth Emperour: but now it is an House of Correction: Buckhurst house, or Salisbu∣ry Court, belonging sometimes to the Bishops of Salisbury: the White Freers, or Car∣melite Freers: The Temples whereof I speake: Then without the Bars Essex house, built by the Lord Paget: Arondel house before called Hampton place, and Somerset house built by Edward Semer Duke of Somerset: The Savoy, so named of Peter Earle of Savoy, who there dwelt, which Queene Aeleonor wife to King Henry the Third purchased [ D] of the fraternity of Mont-joy, and gave it to her Sonne Edmund Earle of Lanca∣ster. Whose Posterity dwelt in it a long time untill that King Henry the Seaventh dedicated it as an Hospitall for the Poore:* 1.49 Worcester-house, late Bedford-house, Salis∣bury-house, Durham-house, built by Antony Becke Bishop of Durham, and Patriarch of Jerusalem, and thereby the onely ornament of this part the Britain-Burse, built by the Earle of Salisbury, and so named by King Iames: Yorke-house in times past, Bath-house, and Northampton-house now begunne by Henry Earle of Northampton. But what meane I to name these places?

〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 [ E] None claime them wholy for their owne: Fortune disposeth them every one.

* 1.50By this Suburbs Westminster, which sometime was more than a mile distant, is conjoyned so close unto the Citty of London, that it seemeth a member thereof: whereas it is a Citty of it selfe, having their peculiar Magistrates and Priviledges. It was called in times past Thorney, of Thornes: but now Westminster, of the West situati∣on, and the Monastery. Most renowned it is for that Church, the Hall of Iustice, and the Kings Palace.

This Church is famous especially by reason of the Inauguration and Sepulture of the Kings of England. Sulcard writeth, that there stood sometimes a Temple of Apollo [ F] in that place, and that in the dayes of Antoninus Pius Emperor of Rome it fell downe with an Earth-quake. Out of the remaines whereof, Sebert King of the East-Sa∣xons erected another to Saint Peter, which beeing by the Danes overthrowne, Bi∣shoppe Dunstane reedified, and granted it to some few Monkes. But afterwards,

[ A] King Edward surnamed the Confessour with the tenth penny of all his revenewes built it new for to be his owne sepulture, and a Monastery for Benedictine Monkes, endowing it with Livings and Lands lying dispersed in diverse parts of England. But listen what an Historian faith who then lived: The devout King destined unto God that place, both for that it was nere unto the famous and wealthy Citty of London, and also had a pleasant situation amongst fruitfull fields, and greene grounds lying round about it: and withall the principall River running hard by, bringing in from all parts of the world great va∣riety of Wares and Merchandize of all sorts to the Citty adjoyning. But chiefly for the love of the chiefe Apostle, whom he reverenced with a speciall and singular affection: He made choise to have a place there for his owne Sepulchre: and thereupon commanded, that of the tenths of [ B] all his Rents, the worke of a noble edifice should bee gone in hand with, such as might beseeme the Prince of the Apostles: To the end, that he might procure the propitious favour of the Lord after he should finish the course of this transitory Life, both in regard of his devout Pi∣ety, and also of his free oblation of Lands and Ornaments, wherewith hee purposed to endow and enrich the same. According therefore to the Kings commandement, the worke nobly beganne and happily proceeded forward: neither the charges already disbursed or to bee dis∣bursed are weighed and regarded, so that it may bee presented in the end unto God and Saint Peter worth their acceptation. The forme of that ancient building read if you please out of an old Manuscript booke: The principall plot or ground-worke of the building suppor∣ted with most lofty Arches is cast round with a foure square worke and semblable joynts. But [ C] the compasse of the whole, with a double Arch of stone on both sides is enclosed with joynd-worke firmely knit and united together every way. Moreover the Crosse of the Church which was to compasse the midde Quire of those that chaunted unto the Lord, and with a two-fold sup∣portance that it had on either side to uphold and beare the lofty toppe of the Tower in the midst, simply riseth at first with a low and strong Arch: then mounteth it higher with many win∣ding Staires artificially ascending with a number of steps: But afterward with a single wall it reacheth up to the roofe of Timber well and surely covered with Lead. But after an hun∣dred and threescore yeeres King Henry the Third subverted this fabricke of King Edwards, and built from the very foundation a new Church of very faire worke∣manship, supported with sundry rowes of Marble pillars, and the Rowfe covered [ D] over with sheets of Lead: a peece of worke that cost fifty yeeres labour in building, which Church the Abbots enlarged very much toward the West end: and King Henry the Seventh for the buriall of himselfe, and his children adjoyned thereto in the East end a Chappell of admirable artificiall elegancy (The wonder of the World) Leland calleth it: for a man would say that all the curious and exquisite worke that can bee devised, is there compacted: wherein is to bee seene his owne most stately magnificall Monument all of solide and massie Copper. This Church when the Monkes were driven thence from time to time was altered to and fro with sundry changes. First of all it had a Deane and Prebendaries: soone after one Bishop and no more, namely T. Thurlebey, who having wasted the Church Patrimony surrendred it [ E] to the spoile of Courtiers, and shortly after were the Monks with their Abbot set in possession againe by Queene Mary: and when they also within a while after were by authority of Parliament cast out, the most gracious Prince Queene Elizabeth con∣verted it into a Collegiat Church, or rather into a Seminary and nurse-garden of the Church, appointed twelve Prebendaries there, and as many old Soldiers past ser∣vice for Almes-men, fourty Scholers, who in their due time are preferred to the Uni∣versities, and from thence sent foorth into the Church, and Common-weale, &c. Over these she placed D. Bill Deane, whose successour was D. Gabriel Goodman, a right good man indeede and of singular integrity, an especiall Patron of my studies.

Within this Church are entombed (that I may note them also according to their [ F] dignity and time wherein they died) Sebert the first of that name,* 1.51 and first Christian King of the East-Saxons: Harold the bastard son of Canutus the Dane, King of Eng∣land, S. Edward King and Confessour, with his wife Edith: Maud, wife to King Henry the First, the daughter of Malcolme King of Scots: King Henry the Third, and his son, King Edward the First with Aeleonor his wife, daughter to Ferdinand•• the first King

of Castile and of Leon. King Edward the Third, and Philippa of Henault his wife: [ A] King Richard the Second and his wife Anne, sister to Wenzelaus the Emperor: King Henry the Fifth with Catharine his wife, daughter to Charles the Sixt king of France: Anne, wife to king Richard the Third, daughter to Richard Nevill Earle of War∣wicke: king Henry the Seventh with his wife Elizabeth: daughter to king Edward the Fourth, and his mother Margaret Countesse of Richmond: king Edward the Sixth: Anne of Cleve the fourth wife of king Henry the Eighth: Queene Mary: And whom we are not to speake of without praise, The Love and Joy of England Queene ELIZABETH of Sacred memory,* 1.52 our late Soveraigne and most gratious Lady, a Prince matchlesse for her heroicke Vertues, Wi••edome and Magnanimity above that Sexe, rare knowledge and skill in the Tongues, is here intombed in a [ B] sumptuous and stately Monument, which king Iames of a pious minde erected to her memory. But alas, how litle is that Monument in regard of so Noble and worthy a Lady? Who of her selfe is her owne Monument and that right magnificent.

For, how great SHE was] RELIGION REFORMED, PEACE WELL GROUNDED, MONEY REDUCED TO THE TRUE VALUE, A NAVY PASSING WELL FURNISHED IN READINES, HONOUR AT SEA RE∣STORED, REBELLION EXTINGVISHED, ENGLAND FOR THE SPACE OF XLIIII. YEERS MOST WISELY GOVERNED, ENRICHED AND FORTIFIED; SCOTLAND FREED FROM THE FRENCH, FRANCE RELIEVED, NETHERLANDS SUPPORTED, SPAINE AWED, IRELAND QUIETED, AND THE WHOLE GLOBE OF THE [ C] EARTH TWICE SAYLED ROUND ABOUT, may with praise and admira∣ration testifie one day unto all Posterity and succeeding ages.

* 1.53Of Dukes and Earles degree, there ly here buried: Edmund Earle of Lancaster se∣cond son of K. Henry the third, and his wife Aveline de fortibus Countesse of Albemarle. William and Audomar of Valence of the family of Lusignian, Earles of Pembroch, Alphonsus Iohn, and other children of King Edward the First, Iohn of Eltham Earle of Cornwall, son to K. Edward the second, Thomas of Woodstocke Duke of Glocester the yongest son of K. Edward the third, with other of his children, Aeleanor daughter and heire of Humfrey Bohun Earle of Hereford and of Essex wife to Thomas of Woodstocke, [ D] the yong daughter of Edward the fourth, and K. Henry the seventh, Henry a childe two months old son of K. Henry the eight, Sophia the daughter of K. Iames, who, died, as it were, in the very first day-dawning of her age, Phillippa Mohun Dutches of Yorke, Lewis Vicount Robsert of Henault in right of his wife, Lord Bourchier, Anne the yong daughter and heire of Iohn Mowbray Duke of Norfolke promised in marriage unto Richard Duke of Yorke yonger son to K. Edward the fourth, Sir Giles Daubency Lord Chamberlaine to king Henry the Seventh, and his wife of the house of the A∣rundels in Cornwall, I. Vicount Wells, Francis Brandon Dutches of Suffolke, Mary her daughter, Margaret Douglasse Countesse of Lennox, grandmother to Iames King of Britaine, with Charles her son, Winifrid Bruges Marchionesse of Winchester, Anne [ E] Stanhop Dutches of Somerset and Iane her daughter, Anne Cecill Countesse of Oxford daughter to the L. Burghley Lord high Treasurer of England, with Mildred Burghley her mother, Elizabeth Berkeley Countesse of Ormund, Francis Sidney Countesse of Sussex, Iames Butler, Vicount Thurles son and heire to the Earle of Ormond.

Besides these, Humfrey Lord Bourchier of Cromwall, Sir Humfrey Bourchier son and heire to the Lord Bourchier of Berners both slaine at Bernet field, Sir Nicholas Ca∣rew, Baron Carew Baronesse Powisse, T. Lord Wentworth, Thomas Lord Wharton, Iohn Lord Russell, Sir T. Bromley Lord Chancellour of England, Douglas Howard daughter and heire generall of H. Vicount Howard of Bindon wife to Sir Arthur Gorges, Eliza∣beth daughter and heire of Edward Earle of Rutland wife to William Cecill. Sir Iohn [ F] Puckering Lord Keeper of the great Seale of England, Francis Howard Countesse of Hertford, Henrie and George Cary, the father and sonne Barons of Hunsdon both Lords Chamberlaines to Queene Elizabeth the heart of Anne Sophia the tender daughter of Christopher Harley, Count Beaumont Embassadour from the king of

[ A] France in England, bestowed within a small guilt Urne over a Pyramid. Sir Charles Blunt Earle of Devonshire, Lord Lieutenant Generall of Ireland. And (whom in no wise wee must forget) the Prince of English Poets Geoffry Chauer: as also he that for pregnant wit and an excellent gift in Poetry of all English Poets came neerest unto him, Edmund Spencer. Beside many others of the Clergy, and Gentlemen of quality.

There was also another College or Free-chapell hard by consisting of a Deane, and twelve Chanons, dedicated to Saint Stephen: which King Edward the Third in his princely Magnificence repaired with curious workmanship and endowed with faire possessions, so as he may seeme to have built it new what time as he had with his vi∣ctories overrun and subdued al France, recalling to minde (as we read the Charter of [ B] the foundation) and pondering in a due weight of devout consideration the exceeding benefits of Christ, whereby of his owne sweet mercy and pity he preventeth us in all occasions, delive∣ring us, although without all desert, from sundry perils, and defending us gloriously with his powerfull right hand against the violent assaults of our adversaries with victorious successes: and in other tribulations and perplexities wherein wee have exceeding much beene encombred, by comforting us and by applying, and in-powering remedies upon us beyond all hope and expe∣ctation. There was adjoyning hereto a Palace, the ancient habitation of the Kings of England from the time of King Edward the Confessor: which in the Raigne of king Henry the Eighth, was burnt by casuall fire to the ground. A very large, stately, and sumptuous Palace this was, and in that age for building incomparable, with a vawmur••, [ C] and bulwarks for defence:* 1.54 The remaines whereof, are the Chamber, wherein the King, the Nobles,* 1.55 with the Counsellers and Officers of State, doe assemble at the high Court of Parliament, and the next unto it, wherein anciently they were wont to be∣ginne the Parliaments, knowne by the name of Saint Edwards painted chamber, because the tradition holdeth that the said king Edward therein dyed.

But how sinfull an Act, how bloudy, how foule, how hainous, horrible, hide∣ous, and odious both to God and man, certaine brute and savage beasts in mens shape enterprised of late,* 1.56 by the device of that Arch Traitour Robert Catesby, with undermining, and placing a mighty deale of gunpowder under these Edifices against their Prince, their Country and all the States of the Kingdome, and that under an a∣bominable [ D] pretence of Religion, my very heart quaketh to remember and mention: nay, amazed it is and astonied but to thinke onely into what inevitable darknesse, confusion and wofull miseries, they had suddenly in the twinckling of an eye plun∣ged this most flourishing Realme and Common wealth: But that which an ancient Poet in a smaller matter wrote, we may in this with griefe of minde utter:

Excidat illa dies aevo, nè postera credant Secula, nos certè taceamus, & obruta multa Nocte tegi propriae patiamur crimina gentis. That cursed day forgotten be: no future age beleeve [ E] That this was true: let us also at least wise now that live Conceale the same, and suffer such Designes of our owne Nation Hidden to be and buried quite in darknesse of oblivion.

Adjoyning unto this is the Whitehall, wherein at this day the Court of Requests is kept.* 1.57 Beneath this is that Hall, which of all other is the greatest, and the very Praeto∣rium or Hall of Justice for all England. In this are the Judiciall Courts, namely: The Kings Bench, the Common Pleas, and The Chancery: And in places neere thereabout, The Star-Chamber, the Exchequer, Court of Ward, and Court of the D••teby of Lancaster, &c. In which at certaine set times (wee call them Tearmes) yearely causes are heard [ F] and tryed: whereas before king Henry the Third his dayes, the Court of common Law and principall Justice was unsetled and alwaies followed the kings Court. But he in the Magna Charta made a law in these words: Let not the Common Pleas fol••ow our Court, but bee holden in some certaine place.* 1.58 Which notwithstanding some expound thus: That the Common Pleas from thenceforth bee handled in a Court of the owne by it

selfe a part, and not in the Kings Bench, as before. This Judgement Hall which we [ A] now have, king Richard the Second built out of the ground, as appeareth by his Armes engraven in the stone-worke, and many arched beames (when he had plucked downe the former old Hall that king William Rufus in the same place had built be∣fore) and made it his owne habitation. For kings in those daies sat in Judgement place in their owne persons: And they are indeed the 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, that is, Judges, Whose mouth (as that Royall Writer saith) shall not erre in Judgement.* 1.59 But the foresaid Palace, after it was burnt downe in the yeare of our Lord 1512. lay desolate, and king Henry the Eighth translated shortly after the kings Seat from thence to an house not farre off, which belonged but a while before to Cardinall Wolsey, and is called White Hall. This house is a Princely thing: enclosed of the one side with a Parke [ B] that reacheth also to another house of the kings named S. James (where anciently was a Spittle for Maiden Lepres) built by king Henry the Eighth, on the other side with the Tamis. A certaine Poet termed the foresaid House according to the English name thereof Leucaeum in Latine, as appeareth in these Verses:

—Regale subintrant Leucaeum Reges (dederant memorabile quondam Atria, quae niveo candebant marmore, nomen) Quod Tamisis prima est cui gloria pascere cygnos Ledaeos, ranco pronus subterluit aestu. To Royall Palace Kings enter in, sometime LEUCEUM hight. [ C] (This famous name those Courts it gave that shone with marble white.) Hard under it with low-sound streame Tamis downe apace doth glide, A River feeding Swannes, wherein he takes especiall pride.

* 1.60Hard by, neere unto the Mues so called, for that it served to keepe Hawkes, and now is become a most faire Stable for the kings horses, there remaineth a monument in memoriall of that most pious and kinde Queene Aeleonor, erected by the king Edward the First her most dearely beloved husband: and certes the memory of her loving kindnesse shall remaine worthy to be consecrated to aeternity. For shee, the daughter of Ferdinand the Third, king of Castile, being given in marriage to Edward the first king of England,* 1.61 accompanied him into the Holy Land: where, when as he [ D] was secretly forelaid, and by a certaine Moore wounded with an envenomed sword, and by all the remedies that Physitians could devise was not so much eased as afflicted: shee tooke her to a cure strange I must needs say and never heard of before,* 1.62 howbeit full of love and kinde affection. For, her Husbands wounds infected with the poison, and which by reason of the malignity thereof could not bee closed and healed, shee day by day licked with her tongue, and sucked out the venemous humour which to her was a most sweet liquour. By the vigour and strength whereof, or to say more truely, by vertue of a wives lovely fidelity she so drew unto her all the substance of the poison, that the wounds being closed, and cicatrized, hee became per∣fectly healed, and shee caught no harme at all. What then can bee heard more rare, what more admirable than this womans faithfull love? That a wives tongue thus annointed, as I may so [ E] say, with faith and love to her Husband, should from her well beloved draw those poisons, which by an approved Physitian could not bee drawne: and that which many and those right exquisite medicines effected not, the love onely and piety of a Wife performed. Thus much of Westminster joyntly with London (although as I have said, it is a City by it selfe, and hath a severall jurisdiction from it) because with continued buildings it so joy∣neth thereto, that it may seeme to be one and the same City.

Moreover, at the West end of the City, other Suburbs runne a great way in length,* 1.63 with goodly rowes of houses orderly ranged, as namely Holborne or rather more truely Oldborne: wherein stood anciently the first house of the Templers one∣ly in the place now called Southampton house. But now there stand certaine Innes, [ F] or Colleges of Students in the Common Law: and a City-habitation of the Bi∣shops of Ely, well beseeming Bishops to dwell in: for which they are beholden to John de Hotham Bishop of Ely under king Edward the Third.

At the North side likewise there be Suburbs annexed to the City, wherein Iordan

[ A] Briset a man very wealthy and devout built an house for the Knights Hospitalers of Saint Iohn of Ierusalem,* 1.64 which grew in time so great, that it resembled a Palace: and had in it a very faire Church and a Towre-steeple raised to a great height with so fine workemanship, that while it stood, it was a singular beauty and ornament to the City. These Knights Hospitalers at their first institution, about the yeare 1124. and long after, were so lowly all the while they continued poore, that their Governour was stiled Servant to the poore Servitours of the hospitall of Ierusalem, like as the Master of the Templars,* 1.65 who shortly after arose, was termed The humble Minister of the poore Knights of the Temple. This religious Order was instituted shortly after Geffery of Bollen had recovered Hierusalem. The Brethren whereof ware a white Crosse upon their up∣per [ B] blacke Garment, and by solemne Profession were bound to serve Pilgrimes, and poore people in the Hospitall of Saint Iohn at Hierusalem, and to secure the passages thither, they charitably buried the dead, they were continuall in prayer, mortified themselves with watchings and fastings, they were courteous and kinde to the poore whom they called their Masters, and fed with white bread, while themselves lived with browne; and carried themselves with great austerity. Whereby they purcha∣sed to themselves the love and liking of all sorts, and through the bounty of good Princes and private persons admiring their piety, and prowesse, they rose from this low degree to so high an estate, and great riches, that after a sort they wallowed in wealth. For they had about the yeare of our Lord 1240. within Christendome nine∣teene [ C] thousand Lordships or Manours: like as the Templars nine thousand (the Reve∣newes and rents whereof in England fell afterwards also to these Hospitalers.) And this Estate of theirs growne to so great an height made way for them to as great ho∣nours, so as their Prior in England was reputed the * 1.66 Prime Baron of the Land and able with fulnesse and aboundance of all things to maintaine an honourable Port, untill that King Henry the Eighth advised by them, which respected their private profit, gat their lands and livings into his owne hands, like as hee did of the Mo∣nasteries also. Albeit it was then declared that such religious places being of most pious intent consecrated to the Glory of God, might have beene according to the Canons of the Church, bestowed in exhibition and Almes for Gods Ministers, re∣leefe [ D] of the poore, redemption of Captives, and repairing of Churches. Neere un∣to it,* 1.67 where now is to be seene a sightly circuit of faire houses, was the Charter-house, founded by Sir Walter Many of Henault, who with singular commendation served under King Edward the Third in the French warres: and in that place heretofore was a most famous Cemitery, or buriall place in which in a plague time at London, were buried in the yeare 1349. more than 50000. persons: a thing recorded to po∣sterity by an inscription which continued there a long time engraven in Brasse.

On this North-West side likewise London hath other great Suburbs, and there stood in old time a * 1.68 Watchtowre or military Forefense, whence the place was of an Arabicke word called Barbacan, and by the gift of King Edward the Third became [ E] the dwelling house of the Vffords; from whom by the Willoughbies it came to Sir Pengrine Bertey, Lord Willoughbey of Eresby, a man noble and generous, and one of Mars his broode.

Neither lesse Suburbs runne out on the North-East and East. In the fields of which Suburbs, whiles I was first writing these matters, there were gotten out of the ground many urnes, funerall vessels, little Images, and earthen pots, wherein were small peeces of money coined by Claudius, Nero, Vespasian, &c. Glasse vials also and sun∣dry small earthen vessels, wherein some liquid substance remained which I would thinke to bee either of that sacred oblation of Wine and Milke, which the ancient Romanes used when they burnt the dead, or else those odoriferous liquours that Sta∣tius [ F] mentioneth.

—Pharijque liquores Arsuram lavere comam. And liquid baulmes from Aegypt-land that came, Did wash his haire that ready was for flame.

This place the Romanes appointed to burne and bury dead bodies, who accor∣ding [ A] to the law of the xij. Tables carried Coarses out of their Cities, and enterred them by the high waies sides, to put Passengers in minde that they are, as those were, subject to mortality: Thus much of that part of the City which lieth to the Land.

* 1.69Now for that side where the River runneth, toward the South banke thereof, the Citizens made a Bridge also over the Water reaching to that large Burrough of Southwarke, whereof I have already spoken; First, of wood in that place where be∣fore time they used for passage a ferry boat in stead of a Bridge. Afterwards, under the Raigne of King John they built a new Bridge with admirable workmanship of stone hewen out of the Quarry,* 1.70 upon 19. Arches, beside the draw-bridge, and so furnished it on both sides with passing faire houses joyning one to another in man∣ner [ B] of a Street, that for bignesse and beauty, it may worthily carry away the prise from all the Bridges in Europe.

* 1.71In this Burgh of Southwarke, to speake onely of things memorable, there stood sometime a famous Abbay of Monkes, of Saint Benets Order, called Bermondsey, consecrated in times past unto our Saviour, by Aldwin Childe Citizen of London: also a stately house built by Charles Brandon Duke of Suffolke,* 1.72 which having served his turne but a small time, was shortly after pulled downe.

* 1.73These are extant, Saint Thomas Hospitall, reedified or founded rather by the City of London, for the sustenance of feeble and impotent persons: The Priory of the blessed Virgin Mary, called Saint Mary Over Rhe because it standeth beyond the [ C] River of Tamis in regard of London, erected by William Pont del Arche a Norman for blacke Chanons. The Bishops house of Winchester built by William Giffard Bi∣shop, for his Successours, about the yeare of our Lord 1107. From which along the Tamis banke there runneth Westward a continued raunge of dwelling houses: where within our fathers remembrance was the Bordello or Lupanarie, for so the Latines terme those little roomes or secret chambers of harlots wherein they filthily prosti∣tuted their bodies to sale, because they after the manner of ravening she-wolves catch hold of silly wretched men and plucke them into their holes. But these were prohi∣bited by King Henry the Eighth, at which time England was growne to excessive lasciviousnesse and riot; which in other Nations are continued for gaine, under a [ D] specious shew of helping mans infirmity: Neither, of these Strumpets and brothel∣houses, doe I thinke that this place in our tongue tooke the name Stewes, but of those Ponds or Stewes,* 1.74 which are heere to feed Pikes and Tenches fat, and to scowre them from the strong and muddy fennish taste. Heere have I seene Pikes panches ope∣ned with a knife to shew their fatnesse: and presently the wide gashes and wounds come together againe by the touch of Tenches, and with their glutinous slime per∣fectly healed up. Among these buildings there is a place in manner of a Theater for baiting of Beares and Buls with Dogges: and certaine kenels appointed severally for Band-Dogges or Mastives,* 1.75 which are of that strength, and so sure of bit, that three of them are able to take and hold downe a Beare, and foure a Lion: so that the Poet [ E] in old time reported truely of our Dogges, in these words:

Taurorum fracturi colla Britanni. The British Dogges are able well, To breake the neckes of Buls so fell.

Like as he that said, they were more fierce than the Dogges of Arcadian kinde, which are thought to be engendred of Lions.

What time as the Bridge was thus made betweene London and this Burrough, the City was not onely enlarged; but also an excellent forme of Common wealth was therein ordained, and the Citizens reduced into certaine distinct Corporations and Companies. The whole City divided into six and twenty Wards: and the Coun∣sell [ F] of the City consisted of as many ancient men,* 1.76 named of their age in our tongue Aldermen, as one would say, Senatours, who each one have the overseeing and rule of his severall Ward: and whereas in ancient time they had for their Head-Magistrate, a * 1.77 Portreve, that is, a Governour of the City, King Richard the First ordained two Bal∣lives:

[ A] in stead of whom soone after King John granted them liberty, to chuse by their voices yearely out of the twelve principall Companies a Major for their chiefe Ma∣gistrate:* 1.78 also two Sheriffes, whereof the one is called the Kings, the other the Cities Sheriffe.* 1.79 This forme of Common wealth being thus established it is incredible to tell how much London grew,* 1.80 and groweth still in publike and also private buildings, whiles all the Cities of England besides decrease. For, to say nothing of that beau∣tifull peece of worke, the Senat•• house named Guild Hall, built by Sir Thomas Knowles Major: Leaden Hall, a large and goodly building, erected by Simon Eire, to bee a common Garner in time of dearth to pull downe the price of Corne;* 1.81 the Merchants meeting place standing upon Pillars,* 1.82 which the common people call the Burse, and [ B] Queene Elizabeth with a solemne ceremony named The Royall Exchange,* 1.83 for the use of Merchants, and an ornament to the City, set up by Sir Thomas Gresham Citizen and knight; a magnificent worke verily, whether you respect the modull of the building, the resort of Merchants from all Nations th••ther, or the store of wares there. Which Sir Thomas Gresham, being withall an exceeding great lover of lear∣ning, consecrated a most spacious house his owne habitation to the furtherance of learning,* 1.84 and instituted there Professours of Divinity, Law, Physicke, Astronomy, Geometry, and Musicke, with liberall salaries and stipends: to the end that London might be a place not onely furnished with all sorts of Traffique, but also with the li∣berall Arts and Sciences. To passe over the House of the Society of the House, com∣monly [ C] called the Stilyard, as the Easterlings yard, and the waters conveighed by pipes under the ground, into all parts of the City, and very goodly conducts or cisternes ca∣stellated to receive the same: also the new conveyance of water devised by the skil∣full travell of Peer Maurice a German; who by meanes of a forcer or wheele, with pipes placed at a certaine levell, brought water of late out of the Tamis into a great part of the City; To omit all these, I say, it is so adorned every where with Chur∣ches, that RELIGION and GODLINESSE seem to have made choise of their residence herein. For the Churches therein amount to the number of one hundred twenty and one, more verily than Rom•• it selfe (as great and holy as it is) can shew. Besides Hospitals for diseased persons, it maintaineth also sixe hundred Orphane children or [ D] thereabout, in Christs Church Hospitall, and poore people upon contribution of Almes about 1240. &c. A long time it would aske to discourse particularly of the good lawes and orders, of the laudable government, of the port and dignity of the Major and Aldermen, of their forward service and loyalty to their Prince, of the Citizens courtesie, the faire building and costly furniture, the breed of excellent and choise wits, their gardens in the Suburbs full of dainty arbours, and banqueting roomes, stored also with strange herbes from forraigne countries, of the multitude, strength and furni∣ture of their ships, the incredible store of all sorts of Merchandise (two hundred thou∣sand broad-clothes,* 1.85 beside other An••werp alone hath received from hence every yeare) and of the superabundance of all things which belong to the furniture or neces∣sity [ E] of mans life. For, right truly wrote that Hadrianus Iunius in his Philippeis:

—Tecti•• opibúsque refertum Londinum, & si fas, numeroso cive superbum, Larga ubi foecundo rerum undat copia cornu.

Thicke built with houses London is, with riches stuffed full, Proud, (if we may so say) of men that therein live and dwell, Wherein most plenteous wise abound all things that tongue can tell.

[ F] And Iul. Scaliger in his Poem of Cities.

Vrbs animis, numeróque potens, & r••bore genti••. For peoples, courage, numbers, power, it is a City strong.

And another Poet hath powred out these Verses also, concerning London, if you deigne to reade them,

LONDINUM gemino procurrit littore longè [ A] Aemula materna tollens sua lumina Troia Clementer surgente jugo dum te••dit in ortum: Urbs peramaena situ, coelóque solóque beata. Urbs pietate potens, numeroso cive superba, Urbsque Britannorum quae digna BRITANNIA dici. Haec nova doctrinis Lutetia, mercibus Ormus, Altera Roma viris, Chrysaea secunda metallis.

Along both bankes out stretched farre the Citie LONDON lies Resembling much her mother Troie, aloft she lifts her eies, Whiles on a gentle rising hill she beareth toward East: [ B] A City pleasant for her site, in aire, and soile much blest. Religious, and populous: and hence she lookes on hie, And well deserves for to be cal'd the Britans Britanie. For learning new Lutetia, Ormus for Traffique mich, A second Rome for valiant men, Chrysae for metals rich.

In this manner likewise versified Henry of Huntingdon in praise of London, while King Stephen raigned, about foure hundered yeares since:

[ C] Ibis & in nostros dives Londonia versus, Quae nos immemores non sinis esse tui. Quando tuas arces, tua moenia mente retracto, Quae vidi, videor cuncta videre mihi. Fama•• loquax & nat a loqui, moritura silendo, Laudibus crubait fingere falsa tuis.

Thou also shalt of Verses ours Rich London have thy part, For why? we cannot thee forget, so great is thy desart. When I thinke of thy stately Towres, thy faire and spacious Wall Which I have seene, me thinkes therewith I see no * lesse then all. [ D] This pratling fame, that's borne to prate, and talk'd she not would dye, In all the praise that goes of thee hath bash'd to tell one lye.

Another Poet in like manner pleasantly played upon London in this sort:

Hac Urbs illa potens, cui tres tria dona ministrant Bacchus, Apollo, Ceres, pocula, carmen, ador. Hac Urbs illa potens, quam Iuno, Minerva, Diana Mercibus, arce, feris, ditat, adornat, alit.

[ E] This is that City strong to which three gifts are given by three, By Bacchus, Ceres, and Phoebus, Wine, Wheat, and Poetree. This place sterne Pallas, Iuno Queene, Diana Hunters-feer Adorn's, enricheth, and doth feed, with towres, with wares, with deer.

But in a more grave note and serious stile, a friend of mine and a praise worthy per∣son, Master Iohn Ionston, Professor of Divinity in the Kings University of S. Andrewes.

URBS AUGUSTA, cui coelúmque, solúmque, salúmque Cuíque favent cunctis cuncta elementa bonis. [ F] Mitius haud usquàm coelum est, uberrima Tellus Fundit inexhausti germina laeta soli. Et pater Oceanus Tamisino gurgite mistus, Convehit immensas totius orbis opes.

[ A] Regali cultu; sedes clarissima Regum Gentis praesidium, cor, anima, atque oculus. Gens antiqua, potens virtute & robore belli, Artium & omnigenûm nobilitata opibus. Singula contemplare animo, attentúsque tuere, Aut Orbem aut Orbis dixeris esse caput.

This City well AUGUSTA call'd, to which (a truth to say) Aire, Land, Sea, and all Elements, shew favour every way. The weather no where milder is, the ground most rich to see, [ B] Doth yeeld all fruits of fertile soile, that never spent will bee. And Ocean, that with Tams streame his flowing tyde doth blend Conveis to it commodities, all that the world can send. The noble seat of Kings it is for port and roialty, Of all the Realme the fence, the heart, the life, and lightsome ey. The people ancient, valorous, expert in chivalry, Enriched with all sorts and meanes of Art and mysterie. Take heedfull view of every thing, and then say thus in briefe, This either is a world it selfe, or of the world the chiefe.

[ C] But of these and such like particulars Iohn Stowe Citizen of London, and a famous Chronicler hath discoursed more at large, and more exactly in that his Survey of London, which he lately published.

Now will I take my leave of my deere native Country, and bid London a diew, af∣ter I have given this onely note, that the Pole is here elevated fiftie one degrees, and foure and thirty scruples, and the Meridian distant from the farthest West-poynt three and twenty degrees and five and twenty scruples. That the * 1.86 Fidicula symboli∣zing in nature with Venus and Mercurie, is the Tropick starre which glanceth upon the Horizon, but never setteth; and the Dragons head is reputed by Astronomers to be the Verticall starre over head.

[ D] * 1.87 From London, the Tamis watering Redcliff, so called of the Red-cliffe, a prety fine Towne and dwelling place of Sailers, as he fetcheth almost a round compasse with a great winding reach, taketh into him the River Lea at the east bound of this Coun∣tie, when it hath collected his divided streame and cherished fruitfull Marish-me∣dowes. Upon which there standeth nothing in this side worth the speaking of. For, neither Aedelmton hath ought to shew,* 1.88 but the name derived of Nobility; nor Wal∣tham, unlesse it be the Crosse erected there for the funerall pompe of Queene Aeleo∣nor Wife to King Edward the First, whereof also it tooke name. Onely Enfeld a house of the Kings is here to be seene, built by Sir Thomas Lovel knight (of the or∣der of the Garter and one of King Henry the Seventh his Privy Counsell) and Du∣rance [ E] neighbour thereunto a house of the Wrothes of ancient name in this Countie. To Enfeld-house,* 1.89 Enfeld-chace is hard adjoyning, a place much renowned for hunting: the possession in times past of the Magnavils Earles of Essex, afterwards of the Bohuns who succeeded them: and now it belongeth to the Duchie of Lancaster, since the time that Henry the Fourth King of England espoused one of the daughters and coheires of Humfrey Bohun Earle of Hereford and Essex of that surname. And there are yet to be seene, in the middest well nere of this Chase, the rubbish and ruines of an old house, which the vulgar sort saith was the dwelling place of the Magnavils Earles of Essex. As for the title of Midlesex, the Kings of England have vouchsafed it to none, neither Duke, Marquis, Earle, or Baron.

[ F]

In this County, without the City of London, are reckoned Parishes much about 73. Within the City, Liberties, and Suburbes. 121.

[illustration]

[illustration]

ESSEXIA COMITATVS. QVEM olim TRINOBANTES tenuerunt Continens in se opida marcatoria▪ xx. Pagos et Villas ccccxiiii. vna Cunt singulis hundredis et flu: minibus in ••odem

Notes

• * 1.1

  Breakespeare, Pope Hadrian the fourth. Haresfield.
• * 1.2

  Fitz-Gisle∣bert.
• * 1.3

  Uxbridge.
• * 1.4

  Stanes.
• * 1.5

  Runingmead.
• * 1.6

  Harrow hill.
• * 1.7

  Hanworth.
• * 1.8

  Hampton Court.
• * 1.9

  Thistleworth.
• * 1.10

  Bezantes B••zantines of silver valued at two shillings anciently.
• * 1.11

  Fulham.
• * 1.12

  Chelsey, as one would say, Shelf••ey.
• * 1.13

  London.
• * 1.14

  Britans towne••
• * 1.15

  Dinas.
• * 1.16

  Poet.
• * 1.17

  Praefecturae.
• * 1.18

  C. Carausius. Panegyrice, pronounced be∣fore Constanti∣us Caesar, and untruly entitu∣led, unto Maxi∣mian. Frankes put to the sword.
• * 1.19

  London stone▪ Milliarium.
• * 1.20

  Hellens money oftentimes found under the Walles. The Wall.
• * 1.21

  1474.
• * 1.22

  The Gates.
• * 1.23

  1586.
• * 1.24

  Aldrict.
• * 1.25

  Esterlings.
• * 1.26

  The Towre.
• * 1.27

  Pat. 6.1. m. 21.
• * 1.28

  London called Augusta.
• * 1.29

  A Mint.
• * 1.30

  Lord high Treasurer.
• * 1.31

  Reliques hid∣den for a re∣membrance.
• * 1.32

  610. Saint Pauls Church.
• * 1.33

  Bishop.
• * 1.34

  1560.
• * 1.35

  The Temple of Diana.
• * 1.36

  Sacrifice of Buls.
• * 1.37

  Who were bu∣ried in Pauls Church. About the yeare 680.
• * 1.38

  1016.
• * 1.39

  William Malmesbury.
• * 1.40

  Or Cnute.
• * 1.41

  Innes of the Court.
• * 1.42

  The New Temple.
• * 1.43

  Old Temple where new stands South∣hampton house in Hol∣borne. Templars.
• * 1.44

  *
• * 1.45

  Guil. Tyrius.
• * 1.46

  The Statute as touching the Templars Lands. 17. Edward. 2.
• * 1.47

  See Hospiti∣lars afterwards.
• * 1.48

  The Roules.
• * 1.49

  Montis-Jovis.
• * 1.50

  Westminster.
• * 1.51

  Princes inter∣red in West-Minster Church.
• * 1.52

  Queene Eliza∣beth.
• * 1.53

  Dukes. Earles, and other Nobles en∣tombed in Westminster.
• * 1.54

  Fitz Stephen••.
• * 1.55

  The higher house.
• * 1.56

  The Treason of Robert Catesby.
• * 1.57

  Westminster hall.
• * 1.58

  William Lambert.
• * 1.59

  Prov. c. 16.
• * 1.60

  The Mues.
• * 1.61

  The love of a wife.
• * 1.62

  Rodericus Toletanum lib. 1.
• * 1.63

  Holborne.
• * 1.64

  Saint Johns Hospitalers after called Knights of the Rhodes and now of Malt.
• * 1.65

  Templars.
• * 1.66

  Lords of S. Johns.
• * 1.67

  Charter-house.
• * 1.68

  Barbacan. Gal••ottus Martius.
• * 1.69

  London Bridge.
• * 1.70

  See of South∣warke, in Su∣threy.
• * 1.71

  Saint Saviour.
• * 1.72

  Suffolkehouse.
• * 1.73

  S. Thomas Hospitall.
• * 1.74

  Stewes.
• * 1.75

  Band-dogges or Mastives.
• * 1.76

  Societies or Companies of Citizens. ••••ibus. Wards.
• * 1.77

  Or Portgrave.
• * 1.78

  Praetor or Major.
• * 1.79

  1411.
• * 1.80

  1405.
• * 1.81

  The Burse.
• * 1.82

  1567.
• * 1.83

  Royall Ex∣change.
• * 1.84

  Grehams College.
• * 1.85

  Guicciardin.
• * 1.86

  Orpheus harpe a star.
• * 1.87

  Or beyond Radcliffe. Isle of Dogs.
• * 1.88

  Edmonton▪ Waltham Crosse.
• * 1.89

  Enfield Chase.