The historie of the life and reigne of that famous princesse Elizabeth containing a briefe memoriall of the chiefest affaires of state that haue passed in these kingdomes of England, Scotland, France or Ireland since the yeare of the fatall Spanish invasion to that of her sad and ever to be deplored dissolution : wherevnto also is annexed an appendix of animadversions vpon severall passages, corrections of sundry errours, and additions of some remarkable matters of this history never before imprinted.

THE FOVRE and thirtieth Yeere OF HER REIGNE.

Anno Domini 1591.* 1.1

IN all this variety of troubles,* 1.2 there was not any more busied the whole thoughts of the Queene, then the af∣fayres in Bretaigne, and the desire of succouring the distressed King of France. Wherefore in the beginning of this yeere, sending ouer to him Sir Edmund Yorke, who louingly repro∣ued him for his last three months silence; she admonished him to enter into consideration, how much it stood him vp∣on to secure the Dutchie of Bretaigne, and to contriue some possible meanes to preuent the second comming of the Duke

of Parma; promising him sufficient assistance, to driue out that enemy that had alreadie possessed his Countrey, vpon condition that the King would but paralell her forces.

The French King, hauing much extolled the care and loue of the Queene, gaue her amp••e thankes, and larger promi∣ses, requesting her for some three thousand men for his war in Britaine, and some Regiments to be forthwith transpor∣ted ouer into Picardy;* 1.3 nominating Cherburge, Glanuile, or Brest, and •• lawe•• too (I know not whether to make a ieast, rather than an answer) for Ports for retyring for them. Here∣upon hee gaue full authority to Beav••ire No-cle, his ordi∣narie Embassadour in England, to couenant for him with the Lord Burghley Treasurer;* 1.4 Charles Howard Lord Admirall, and the Lord Husdon Chamberlaine, Delegates for the Queene, whom he brought to these Articles.

First, that three thousand should be sent ouer into Picardy and Britaine, re••dy furnished.

Secondly, that the King ••hould repay the charges of their transportation, their payes, and the prices of their furniture, and all necessaries at London, within a whole yeare, or soo∣ner, if so bee the enemy should bee remoued sooner out of the Kingdome.

The Queene indeed was the more willing to condiscend to these couenants, by reason shee had heard that the Spani∣ard had admission into Paris, the greatest city in France; and that the Parisians vouchsafed their lawfull King, no other title but the King of Bearne, acknowledging the Spaniard as their Lord and King; who hereupon conceiued no small hope of reducing France vnder his gouernment, which con∣ceit he not at all dissembled before Ianine the Leaguers Em∣bassadour then in Spaine. Likewise, because she vnderstood, that Pope Gregory the thirteenth of that name, had leuied many forces in Italy and Switzerland, vnder the Duke Mon••∣martin, against the King of France, whom hee had already by his Bull excommunicated; which Bull, notwithstanding

the Parliament at Paris, and the other at Tours, condemned, and causing it to be hung vpon a Gibbet by the Hangman, set fire to it.

Hereupon came forth a strict Proclamation in England,* 1.5 that no man, vpon paine of treason, into any parts or places, belonging either to the Spaniard or Leaguers, should trans∣port corne, munition, or any kind of traffique. And the same also was before set forth by the King of Scots. About which time Sir Henry Palmer, being sent forth, with some few men of warre, surprized thirteene of ••heir Ships, at their returne from Noua Francia.

And Sir Roger Williams, with some six hundred souldiers, passed ouer to Diepe, where the enemy lay roauing about, hauing expresse Commission to recide in those quarters: and Sir Iohn Norris,* 1.6 presently after, shipt ouer with the rest of the Souldiers into Britaine, vnder whom were Sir Henry his brother, and Sir Anthony Sherley, worthy Commanders.

These hauing ioyned forces with the Kings, and in vaine hauing assaulted Lamballe (where that famous Warriour Fr. La-Noue* 1.7 died of a wound) tooke Castili••n: the vttermost of their glory in it being stretcht,* 1.8 to a keeping vnder of the Spaniard and Leaguers, not a remouing of them. Sir Roger Williams with his forces, and Chattre, the Gouernour of Diepe, hauing broken thorow the inclosures, barricadoed with wine vessels at Cinquensanoe, scattered all the Leaguers that infested the passage by ••remble-Court and Lounde, and vanquished them; being rewarded for his valour by a com∣mendatory letter' from the King to the Queene. This re∣membrance of his commendations wrought him into such a forgetfulnesse of his Commission, that he left Diepe, accom∣panied the King to the suburbs of Paris, and sent a Challenge to the Spaniards, to hazard with him, two hundred Pikes, and a hundred Musketiers against so many English; which being not performed, he returned againe to Diepe, but scarce had he bin come to it, but the King sending speedily for him,

he posts with his Army presently to Noyon, hauing no such warrant in his Commission, where being too prodigall of others blood, hee exposed many English to great danger in the assault; the Queene not knowing of it, and th••refore being the more angry.

At that time, the French King sent Anthony Reaux,* 1.9 to cer∣tifie the Queene, that hee had resolued to bring Roan, and New-Hauen vnder his subiection, before the Duke of Parma should set foot into France too farre; and to that effect hee craued of her foure thousand English,* 1.10 to be sent ouer into Normandy, intreating her to giue them pay for two months, promising, that if they continued a longer time, hee would pay them; and presently vpon their ariuall, come and ioyne his forces with them: But that in the meane time, he would continue still at Picardy, least otherwise those of Roan should haue some inkling of his resolution.

The Queene, who desired nothing more than the remo∣uall of the Enemy from the Sea coasts, willingly condiscen∣ded; so that the couenants were agreed vpon in the same fa∣shion as before; onely with this clause, that they should bee confirmed and authorized by Act of Parliament, within few daies after. The number being compleat, arriued at Diepe, vn∣der the command of Robert Earle of Essex,* 1.11 a worthy young man, and in great fauour with the Queene. Many Noble∣men of note accompanied him, amongst whom Thomas Leighton, and Henry Killegrew were appointed to be of his counsell. The Earle at his ariuall here in France, vnderstood that the King was at Noyon; hee saw not so much as any preparation for warre, neither could any man instruct him what to doe with his forces; insomuch that he greatly won∣dred at the King, that hee should so sleightly esteeme of his promise.

After some small continuance there, Sir Roger Williams posteth vnto him, intreating him in the name of the King, to make all possible speed to Noyon,* 1.12 there to conferre about the

manner of the war: thither when the Earle came, the King declared vnto him, that of necessity hee must dispatch into Champagne, to ioyne forces with the Germanes, promising to send to him Marshall Byron, and the Duke Montpe••sier, to besiege Roan. Hereupon the Earle returned to his owne forces, who had now encamped at Arques; where, to win the hearts of warlike men, hee knighted many,* 1.13 thinking to adde courage by this addition of Honour, but not without the enuy and anger of many that enioyed that title at home, who tooke it ill to see him lauishly prostitute that title of so great credit with the English, which the Queene was so thri••∣ty in bestowing, euen vpon deseruing men. Byron and Mont∣pensier, after so long expectation, as yet appeare not, the one being gone into Champagne,* 1.14 to the mariage of the Vicount Turene, with the daughter of the Duke of Balloigne; and the other hauing turned out of his way, to the vnnecessary besieging of Pierre-pont Castle.

The Queene, hauing beene very vrgent by her Leagier Sir Henry Vmpton with the King for the siege of Roan, ca••∣sed him to send Reaux ouer into England, to certifie her the reasons, why hee prolonged the siege. Shee was likewise very earnest with him for the ratifying of his late Couenants by Act of Parliament, but being a long time delayed, was at last forced to a content with his bare Confirmation of them.

All this while lay the Earle of Essex idle, although not without discontent of minde; who afterwards, to satisfie his thirsty minde with some difficult exploit, approached Roan, where hee lost Sir Walter* 1.15 his brother, who was shot through with a bullet; the Queene indeed checkt him both for his voyage to the King, without her knowledge, and for his incon••iderate approaching Ro••••, but hee quickly made his peace with her by a smooth Letter▪ and in the meane time behau'd himselfe brauely in the assault, and taking of Go••r∣nay with the Marshall Byr••n.

About which time also, the French King sent ouer Beauoir with Letters to the Queene,* 1.16 to desire her to let the Earle of Essex passe into Champaigne with his forces, as if he had not so much as thought of the besieging of Roan; which the Queene tooke so ill at his hands, that she began to expostu∣late with him concerning it;* 1.17 obiecting also, that now tw•• moneths were expired since the couenant was made, and 〈◊〉〈◊〉 her Souldiers had not their pay; that both she and they were deluded by him, being first hurried this way, and then that way, but euery way exposed to all possible danger; vpbrai∣ding him likewise with the not performance of his promise, to the discredit of his gratitude, and that hee had now made her loose all her former charges. Wherefore, that now she had resolued to recall her Souldiers out of Normandy, vn∣lesse hee made some better account of his promise, and tooke better order for the Souldiers pay from hence forward. But the King, by the insinuating language of his Letters, soone appeased this distast she conceiued against him, excusing all things with the necessity hee was in, and his tumultuous throng of businesse.

But in the beginning of Nouember, hearing that the Duke of Parma was in a readinesse, hee began slowly to buckle himselfe to the siege of Roan; and sent the Earle of Essex ouer into England to muster vp more forces for him.

The Earle quickly being returned, on Christmas Eue, they set vpon the Fort of Saint Catharine, in foure places at once; in three wherof the English valour was throughly tried, who were alone exposed to the fortune of slaughter.

And at the same time hee sent ouer the Lord Mournay d•• Plessis,* 1.18 to require of the Queene a new supply, to hinder the comming of the Duke of Parma; neither did the Queene deny it, but first toucht him bitterly about his carelesnesse, in delaying the siege of Roan, and preuenting betimes the D••ke of Parma's comming. Shee desired him, a little 〈◊〉〈◊〉 fauourably to deale with the English, and not stil to put them

alone vpon all his most dangerous exploits.

But I leaue this to the French Historians, who indeed hi∣therto haue either beene ignorant of it, or dissembled their knowledge. And as willingly would I leaue to the paines of our Ecclesiasticall Writers, the mad frenzie, or rather im∣pious blasphemy of William Hacket, which about this time first began to peepe forth; about which I would more wil∣lingly employ my memory to forget that which euen af∣frights me with repetition; but lest by concealing his wic∣kednesse, I might seeme either to fauour the cause, or to dis∣parage the truth of it, take here briefly, the summe of his large blasphemy.

This same Hacket* 1.19 was an ordinary Yeoman of Oundell, in the County of Northampton, an illiterate, insolent, and cru∣ell natur'd fellow, so prone to reuenge for the smallest iniury, that when an ingenuous Schoole-master desired to be recon∣ciled and made friends with him, as hee embraced him close, he bit off his nose, and being greatly intreated by the poore man to restore it againe, that hee might haue it sowed on whilst the wound was greene, hee like a Dog, deuoured it. He was so great an alien to all piety and deuotion, that what∣soeuer by chance hee had heard at Sermons, hee would sit scoffing and gybing at ouer his pots: afterwards, hauing spent that estate which he had with his wife, in riotousnesse, on a sudden hee became a very vpright man, and one of a most holy conuersation; hee was much giuen to hearing Sermons, and reading the Scriptures, insomuch, that in a short time, he began to belye himselfe with Reuelati∣ons* 1.20 from heauen, saying, that hee was extraordinarily called by God: by which meanes hee insinuated himselfe into the acquain∣tance of many Diuines, who out of a fiery pure zeale, tooke sore paines to bring the discipline of the Presbytery from Ge∣neva into England.

Amongst them was one Wiginton,* 1.21 a Minister, and a brain∣sicke fellow, one that had already learn'd to contemne the

iurisdiction of the Magistrate:* 1.22 by this mans means he was brought acq••ainted with Edmund Copinger, a Gentleman of a good house, who had perswaded himselfe and one Ar∣thington, a great admirer of his gifts, that hee was also e••∣traordinarily called by God, to the good of the Church and Common-weale, and that hee had order given him immedi∣ately from heauen, to bring the Queene and her Councell to a better minde, to wit, to imbrace the discipline of Geneua. He confirmed himselfe and the rest the more in this faith, ha∣uing beene instructed by some Ministers, that God both dai∣ly stirre and raise up Labourers in his Church extraordinari∣ly. Since that time reioycing in his spirit, hee would impart all to Hacket, willingly, who with his praying extempore, fa∣sting on Sundaies, boasting how hee had beene, buffetted by Satan, and faining an ordinary talke with God, which hee would take to be true vpon his damnation, and with many bitter oathes did so sweare the people into a beleefe of him, that they esteemed him greatly beloued of God, and greater than Moses, or S. Iohn Baptist: neither did he obscurely in∣timate, that he was a Prophet of Gods reuenge and iustice, wheresoeuer the people imbraced not his mercy: also pro∣phecying, that from henceforth there should bee no Pope, and that this yeere England should bee sorely afflicted with famine, pestilence and warre, vnlesse the Lords discipline (for so hee cal'd it) and Reformation were admitted and practi∣sed ouer and throughout the Land. And for bringing in of this said Reformation, they deuised a plot, as was found out afterwards, to accuse the Lord Archbishop of Can∣terbury,* 1.23 and the Lord Chancellor of treason, because they cheiefly opposed themselues against this Reformation; determining besides to make both of them away, and all the rest that in the Star•• chamber should giue sentence against the promotion of the Reformation, or against the Ministe•••• that desired it: they printed also many rithmes, whereby they thought to stir the people to sedition, amongst which

this was a dogmaticall Tene••, that it was lawfull for a true Christian, although hee were a countrey Swaine, or a very Clowne, to prescribe a manner of gouernment to his Prince, and euen to dispossess•• the Queene of her Throne, if shee pro∣moted not Reformation.

Indeed, Hacket* 1.24 exceedingly hated the Queene, as appears in that he durst mutter, that she had fell from her right of suc∣cession, and in that he durst offer violence to her picture, in thrusting it through the breast with a Poniard: neither was this a great wonder, for he had perswaded himselfe already, that God had made him King of Europe, and that therefore hee ought not to endure a Riuall. Likewise hee perswaded both Copinger and Arthington, that they were inspired, not onely with a Propheticall, but euen with an Angelicall spirit, and they perswaded therewith, exhibited to him all obedience and reuerence, as appointed King by God, there∣by endeauoring to giue fewell to this sedition, which they longed to see on flame. About Iuly next, they came to a No∣bleman of the Realme, and proffered to him the tuition of the Kingdome, vnder the Queene, to whom they dedicated the life of Hacket and Arthingtons prophesies, but hee ei∣ther hauing or faining vrgent businesse to doe, sleighted both them and their courtesie.

Shortly after, they certified Wiginton, that Christ had ap∣peared to them the night before, not bodily, as hee is en∣thron'd in heauen, but Spiritually, by possessing Hacket in the spirit, more than any of the rest: that Hacket was that Angell that was to come before the day of iudgement, with his Fanne and his Hooke, to separate the Sheepe from the Goates, and that hee should tread downe Sathan and the Kingdome of Antichrist. Afterwards from Wiginton, they betake themselues to Hacket againe, by whose side, as he lay downe vpon his bed, they prostrated themselues in very ear∣nest prayer, & Hacket rysing vp, ioyned with them in praier, oftentimes zealously requesting the Spirit to direct them to

Gods glory, and then went to bed againe. Not long after Arthington willed Copinger in the name of Iesus Christ to annoint Hacket with the Holy Ghost, & make him King: So Copinger, hauing thrice humbly kissed the pauement, and bowed the knee with great reuerence, approached towards Hacket; but he droue him backe with his hand, saying, It is needlesse for you to annoint me, for I am already annointed by the Holy Ghost; goe ye onely and doe as I command you; Goe and preach through the City, that Iesus Christ is come with his fanne in his hand, to iudge the world; if any man aske you where he is, direct him hither; if they will not beleeue, let them come, and if they can, let them kill mee, for as sure as God is in heauen, so no lesse sure is it that Christ is now come to iudgment.

Scarce had hee ended this commandement,* 1.25 but they pr••∣sently flye vpon the execution of it, and running out of doores, cry vp and downe the streetes, that Christ is come, redoubling with a loud voice, that and many other things which Hacket had told them, crying, Repent, repent, &c. throughout the City, till they came to Cheapside: and when they were much pestered there with a throng of people, they got vp into a Cart, and there partly without booke, and partly by the helpe of some notes they had, they openly cryed out, that Hacket had participated of Christ, by his more peculiar Spirit a body truly glorified; and that he was now come with his Fanne, to propagate the Gospel through Eurpoe, and to constitute a new discipline and Common∣wealth in England; intimating withall vnto them the place where he lodged; declaring themselues to bee two Prophets, the one of Mercy, and the other of Iudgement, that were al∣lotted to him for facilitating this so difficult an enterprise, vowing, protesting, and swearing, that as they hoped to b•• saued, all this was true.

Then they added, that Hacket was a supreame and sole Monarch, and that all the Kings and Princes of Europe were

but his Vassals, that therefore hee must onely be obeyed, and the Queene deposed.

Lastly, they railed at bitterly, and cursed the Lord Arch∣bishop of Canterbury, and the Lord Chancellour, as the sole oppugners of the true and sincere Religion, which they would haue brought in: and then hauing endeauoured to haue crowded into other quarters of the City, with like pro∣clamations, but being hindred with the presse of the people, and the perswasion of some of their friends, they returned home to Hackets lodging.

Shortly after, being apprehended* 1.26 and brought before some of the Priuy Councell, and other Magistrates, to bee exami∣ned, they behaued themselues with such contempt before them, that they would not so much as stand bare, but per∣emptorily answer'd those that reproued them, that they were aboue all Magistrates. Shortly after this Hacket* 1.27 was accu∣sed of treason, who acknowledged himselfe guilty, where∣upon he was condemned: at which time he vsed many blas∣phemous speeches, euen to the terrour of those that heard him; cunningly, as much thought, to bring the Iudges to thinke, that hee was distracted in his wits, but yet in all his other gestures and behauiours, there was no signe of any such matter, for they relished more of a well setled grauity, than any such distemper: afterwards was he drawne vpon a hur∣dle into Cheap-side, incessantly crying all the way with a fearefull voice, Iehoua Messias, Iehoua Messias, Beh••ld the heauens open, beh••ld the Son of the most high comming downe to deliuer me.

When hee was brought to the Gallowes, and wished to confesse his sinnes against God and the Queene, he vsed ma∣ny contumelious speeches against the Queene; But for God, he cryed out to him with a Stentors voice,* 1.28 O heauenly God, Almighty Iehoua, Alpha and Omega, Lord of Lords, and King of Kings, O eternall God, thou knowest that I am the true Iehouah whom thou hast sent, now shew some miracle

from the cl••••des 〈◊〉〈◊〉 conuert all, these infidels, and deliuer 〈◊〉〈◊〉 from mine enemies: If thou wilt n••t (O how I tremble 〈◊〉〈◊〉 the repetition) I will fire the heauens, and with these hands p••ll thee from thy throne, vsing sometimes speeches, if it were possible worse than these. Then turning about 〈◊〉〈◊〉 the Hang•• man that was ••itting the rope to his necke, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Bastard, said he, wilt thou hang thy King Hacket? and after that being haltred, hee lift vp his eies to heauen, saying, I•• this my reward for my kingdome bestowed, behold I come and will reuenge it.

The rope stopt his mouth at this blasphemy, but not all his punishment, for being immediately cut downe, accor∣ding to his sentence, hee was streight way quartered. And thus we see how the enemy of mankinde besots those whom he findes affecting a counterfeit holinesse, and not contented with sobriety in knowledge.

C••pi••ger* 1.29 shortly after, hauing voluntarily s••••ru'd him∣selfe, died in prison; but Arthington* 1.30 growing wiser to re∣pentance, acquitted himselfe of this folly, in a serious booke which was set out to the same purpose, by him not long after.

And indeed, not onely these, but many others, who hauing condemned the receiued discipline of the Church of Eng∣land, and reprooued the calling of Bishops, had in vaine•• with many contumelious speeches, hitherto opposed th•• Prelates, had now drawne into their faction, many of th•• Lawyers of the Realme, who sharpened both their tongu•••• and pens, against the Queenes iurisdiction in Ecclesiastica••••, matters,* 1.31 and consequently against her delegating the same to the Clergie, as being a thing most vniust, publishing 〈◊〉〈◊〉 print, that against the law of the Realme men were vniust••∣ly oppressed in our Courts Ecclesiasticall, that the Quee•••• had no right residing in her selfe of such Iurisdiction, and that others therefore could not iustly exercise the same, be∣ing delegated to them from her, alledging that those 〈◊〉〈◊〉

Ecclesiasticall, ought not to impose vpon a guilty man an oath of Dutie, which they call Insuriandum ex officio, by reason that no man is compelled to be his owne accuser, and by rea∣son that thereby a man must either wilfully condemne him∣selfe, or by forswearing himselfe, for the safety of life and goods, ruine his owne soule.

Besides this, they vrged the forme of the ancient Writ, running in this manner; Wee will and command the Sheriffe of our Counties, S. N. &c. that they permit not any within their Bailife-ship to make recognizance by oath, but onely in cause of Matrimoniall, and Testamentary.

Against these men,* 1.32 the Professours of the Ecclesiasticall Law, maintained the Queenes Iurisdiction in spirituall mat∣ters, wherein shee had beene before inuested by act of Parli∣ament, alledging, that to withstand that, was onely to assault the Queenes Maiesty, and with the breach of their oathes of Alleageance, to insult ouer the sacred Prerogatiue of their Princesse.

They answered, that Ecclesiasticall Courts had authority to take notice of other causes besides Matrimoniall, and Te∣stamentary, as appeares by the Statute of Circumspecte aga∣tis, and by the Articles of the Clergie, vnder King Edward the first. Concerning the Writ, they much suspected the truth of it, by the reason of the variety of reading of it, and the vncertainty of the time of it's originall, being it is some∣times read disiunctiuely, To make recognition, or to take oath. Besides this, they answered, that to make Recognition, did not signifie a deposition of witnesses, or answer to the par∣ty conuented, but onely the confession of the debt, or hol∣ding plea of debts and chattels; concluding that such taking of oaths were exacted time out of minde, to auoid Simony, Adultery, and other workes of darkenesse; especially, if the Information be (as they call it) clamorous. And although that no man be compelled to betray himselfe with his owne accusation, yet that hee is bound to bee accused by a Fame,

and to shew whether or no hee can purge himselfe, and de∣fend his innocency, by reason that such penance imposed, is not to bee esteemed a Punishment, but onely Physicke, to cure sinners, and to fright others from the like sinne, or to take away any generall scandall, according to that of the ho∣ly Writ, Bee not ashamed for thy soules sake, to tell the truth, for there is a confusion that bringeth sinne, and there is ••ne that bringeth grace and gl••ry.

But wherefore stand I deciding this controuersie? which if any man will iudiciously scanne, let him consult with the learned Apologie of Doctor Cosins, Doctor of Law, or of Iohn Morris, or Lancelot Andrews, whose learned writings in this matter, will soone giue the scrupulous conscience of any ••an a speedy resolution.

By this meanes the Queene easily impeached the aduersa∣ries of her Iurisdictions violence, and conserued both in her selfe, and in her Clergie, the Ecclesiasticall Iurisdiction free from blemish.

About this time was it, when Thomas Howard, the second sonne of the D. of Norfolke, with six ships of the Queenes; and as many Victuallers, had expected the Spanish Nauies returne from America this whole six moneths. And abou•• this time lingring about the Iland Flores, amongst those of Azores, where most of his Mariners languished (as for Soul∣diers he had none); where hee was suddenly ouertaken by Don Alphons•• Bazan, that was sent out with fifty thr•••• ships, to conduct the Nauy home in safety, in so much th•••• he in the Admirall with much adoe escaped into the main•• Ocean. Captaine Richard Greenuile* 1.33 in the Reare Admirall, who was called the Reuenge, (what by reason partly of stay he made to recall his men aboard from out of the Iland, and partly out of a couragious minde, as vnhappily in successe, as inconsiderately in the enterprize,) for bad to strike saile; by which meanes he became hem'd in betweene the Iland and the Spanish Nauy,* 1.34 which was diuided into foure squadrons;

one whereof, while hee endeauoured couragiously to make way thorow, he was so ouerburthened with the massie Spa∣nish Admirall S. Philip, that it kept all the winde from him on one side, and on the other side three more did the like. Yet the Spaniards that were diuers times comming on, were either faine to recoyle againe, or were cast into the Sea, and with a continuall succession of fresh men in their places, to their great slaughter, they still maintained fight against them all the night.

And now began the English to want powder, their Pikes being broken, and euery valiant Souldier being slaine or sore wounded, the Masts of their fore-Decke, and hind••Decke fell downe. Their Cables cut; the Ship torne with eight hun∣dred shot of great Ordnance;* 1.35 Capt. Greeneuill being grie∣uously wounded, euen as he was hauing a plaister, was againe wounded in the head, and the Surgeon at the same time slaine. At the beginning of the dawning of the day, the hatches all besmeared with blood, and paued with Carkases, and men halfe dying, afforded but a sad spectacle to all the be∣holders.

After this, hauing now fought fifteene houres, Greenuill seeing his case to be desperate, willed them to sinke the ship; but the Pilot forbade it, and hauing got the maior parts as∣sent thereto, he was conueyed in the ship boat, and yeelded to the Spanish Admirall, vpon condition of safety and free∣dome from the Gallies: but Captaine Greenuill,* 1.36 languishing vnder the torments of his deaths wounds, being brought into the Spanish Admirall, within two daies after d••ed, be∣ing sufficiently praised for his valour euen of his enemies. The ship was yeelded vp, but hauing beene board thorow in many places,* 1.37 was afterwards swallowed vp in a tempest, be∣ing man'd with two hundred Spaniards at least; so that the Reuenge perished not vnreuenged.

The Lord Howard 〈◊〉〈◊〉 more on his good courage, than ability to 〈…〉〈…〉 haue put in amongst

them, bu•• the Pilate was so farre from iniuring them with his consent, that hee would rather haue tumbled himselfe in∣to the Sea, than, not to haue hazarded, but willingly thrust the Queenes ship vpon so apparant danger: and indeed, it seemed not good to them all at last to vndergoe a skirmis••, without hope of successe to themselues, or succour to their distressed companions, when they but once considered, that to hazard fiue ships, against three and fiftie, was nothing els•• but inconsidera••ely to their owne destruction, to thrust th•• glory of a victory vpon their enemies. Yet notwithstan∣ding, both hee and the rest, especially Sir Thomas 〈◊〉〈◊〉 (who two houres together still succour'd the Re••enge) d••d all the seruice that either the courtesie of the winde, or the con∣tinuance of the day light would suffer them to doe▪

The English abundantly repaired the losse of that one ship,* 1.38 with the surprizall of many Spanish; in one where•••• besides other riches, were found about some twenty tho••••sand Popish Indulgences, sent from the Pope into America▪ for they compell the ••imple Indians, euery yeere to buy 〈◊〉〈◊〉 remission of their sinnes at the Popes market, to their 〈◊〉〈◊〉 aduantage and gaine.

About this time George Riman, an excellent Sea-man,* 1.39 and Iames Lancaster, set forth also for the East Indie voyage: 〈◊〉〈◊〉 hauing reach•• the Cape of Good Hope at Cab•• Corrient•••• the Admirall was swallowed vp in a tempest, and Riman in it.* 1.40 Afterwards, the heauens did thunder most fearefully, and in the rest of the Ships foure of the Mariners, hauing their neckes wreathed aside with the force of the thunder, di∣ed instantly. Ninety more were taken blinde; many other•• lamed; some stretched as it were vpon the racke; and yet all of them, sooner than their owne expectation could haue cu∣red them, recouered their health againe, and yet vndaunted for all this went on their voyage.

Whilst they went to water at the Iland Comoro, the Bar∣barians slew thirty of them, besides the Pilot, yet all this mi∣sery

diuerted not their resolution, but they wintered at Zan∣ziber; and about they spring the surprized some Mah••me∣tane ships of Peg••, with wooden anchors; and other Portu∣gall ships, well laden with Pepper and Rice. After that they came to Zeile, and the Iland Ni••ubar, plenteously inricht with Cinamon and Diamonds; but then hauing not aboue thirty men aliue, and prouision of victuals not sufficient for so few, they turned saile home againe: hauing refresht them∣selues a little at S. Hellens Iland, they were tossed vpon Tri∣nidado, but found small comfort there, till such time as they chanced to light vpon Charles Barbotier a French man, who relieued their necessity; and as hee did that charitably, so as discreetly did hee eschew their treachery, which it was like∣ly not they, but their necessity plotted against him.

Afterwards Lancaster, hauing somewhat refreshed him∣selfe in the Iland Nona, the ship being tossed with a violent tempest, returned home with seuen more as weather-beaten as it selfe.* 1.41 The rest shortly returned by the courtesie of the French, home too, rich enough in that they returned; hauing by their example taught the English Nation the manner of trading with the East Indians.

In the meane time, Captaine Thomas Cauendish, who be∣fore in the yeere 1578. had incircled the whole world, and returned with as great glory as experience, now againe had made a voyage with fiue ships to the Magellan Straights;* 1.42 hi∣therto when by reason of the crosse windes hee could not reach, he fell with the coast of Brasill; while, immaturely dy∣ing, hee blamed much in his last Will and Testament Cap∣taine Iohn Dauis, as one that per••••diously had forsaken him.

And now the warres growing hot on euery side, there was a Proclamation set forth,* 1.43 forbidding any man vnder paine of treason, to transport corne, or warlike munition, either be∣longing to sea or land, into the Spaniards Dominions: a rea∣son thereof being expresly added, that hee had bin a pro∣fessed

enemy to this kingdome, and that hee had refused to confirme the ancient league, made by his Predecessors.

Likewise, by reason that English Seminaries had daily crept into England out from their Seminaries at Rome, France, and Spaine, (for the Spaniard had lately erected a Se∣minary for English fugitiues too, at Valledolid, to withdraw the hearts of the Queenes subiects from her obedience, and to draw them to the Spanish ••action). In October there came also another Proclamation, forbidding any man, so much as to entertaine any one, vnlesse before hand he enquire who he be, and whether or no he goe to Church, by what meanes he liues, and where he recided the last yeere, with many o∣ther questions: and if any man chance not to giue ready an∣swer, that then they should be sent to the Del••gates of seue∣ral ••hires, to preuent further mischiefe.

This Proclamation being held too sharpe and seuere, drew forth from the aduersary poysonous writings, thicke and three-fold, especially against the Lord Treasurer, as the one∣ly occasioner thereof; yet amply commending Sir Christ••∣pher Hatton, as somewhat enclined to their side, by reason his natural cle••ency cou••d not be drawne into a perswasion▪ that in case of Rel••gion, men should bee burnt, hang'd, or quartered;* 1.44 but hee good man died the day before the publi∣cation thereof, being troubled with the Diabetes, (a dis••ase as vnmannerly as troublesome) & as much with the Queenes discontent, somewhat eagerly requiring the Tythes and first fruits from him, which by the priuiledge of his fauour with the Queene, he well hoped she would haue pardoned him.

Hee descended from a family more ancient that great, i•• Northampton-shire, and being a tall handsome young man, and of a comely countenance, he came into such fauour with the Queene, that first shee made him one of her Gentlemen Pensioners; afterwards for his modest pleasant behauiour, she made him one of the Gentlemen of her priuy Chamber; then she made him Captaine of the Guard, Sub-chamber∣laine,

and one of her priuy Councell; and lastly, Lord Chan∣cellour of England, and one of the Order of Saint George: hee was a man of a good••y disposition, and of a great pity to the poore; one very liberall towards all good Schollers, (whereupon he was chosen Chancellour of Oxford) and one that performing so weighty a calling as the Chancellorship of England, kept himselfe alwaies with an vpright consci∣ence. Hee was honourably buried at Pauls, and a Tombe erected at the charge of Sir William Newport, whom, taking the name of Hatton, he made his heire. The custodie of the Great Seale, for some moneths together remained with the Treasurer, Hunsdon, Cobham, and Buckhurst, but afterwards was committed to Iohn Puckering, with the title of Lord Keeper of the Great Seale.

About this time Brian O-rorke,* 1.45 a Nobleman of Brennie in Ireland, who being so zealous as hee was for the Spanish cause, was, as wee said the last yeere, sent by Iames of Scot∣land into England, now was arraigned at Westminster-Hall.

The chiefe matters whereof he was indited, were

First, for stirring vp Alexander Mac-C••nel and others, to a rebellion against the Queene.

Secondly, for willing and commanding the Queenes pi∣cture in a frame to bee drawne at a horses taile, and to the great disgrace of the Queene represe••ted therein, to bee he∣wen and cut in pieces.

Thirdly, for hauing giuen entertainement to some ship∣wrackt Spaniards, against the expresse proclamation of the Lord Deputy.

Fourthly, for hauing set most of his neighbours houses on fire, onely to wreake his owne mischi••uous stomacke.

Fiftly, for killing many; and offering the Kingdome of Ireland to the King of Scotland.

Hee being informed all these things by an interpreter (for hee vnderstood not a word of English) very barbarously in∣solent, refused to put himselfe vpon the verdict and sentence

of his Iury, vnlesse they would giue him longer time of re∣spite, vnlesse they would allot him an Aduocate, vnlesse his accusations sent out of Ireland were deliuered into his hands; and lastly, vnlesse the Queene her selfe would sit chiefe Iudge vpon the Bench. The Lord Chiefe Iustice replying by an interpreter, that if he would not put himselfe vpon the ver∣dict of his Iury, to try and examine his case, they must pro∣ceede against him by Law, according to the contents of his accusation; he answered nothing againe but this, If it seeme good to be so, let it bee so.

The sentence of death being pronounced vpon him, with∣in few daies he suffered a traytors death at Tyburne, but with so obstinately a resolute courage, that hee euen at that time scoft at Meilerie Chreah Archbishop of Casseils, who in Irish began to comfort and consolate him, hauing beene a wicked man in conuersation, and of a wauering faith; and besides, hauing broken his vow in refusing the order of the Fran∣cisca••es.

This yeare the Queene in Dublin, the chiefe city of Ireland, founded a Colledge, which she dedicated to the holy and in∣diuiduall Trinity, in the place where was before the Mona∣stery of All-Saints; shee enricht the same with the priui∣ledges of teaching, and conferring and bestowing degrees, the titles and honour of learning (which priuiledges the Bi∣shop of Rome had granted to that City in 1320.) thereby ho∣ping to propagate both humanity and religion throughout the whole Iland, and to ease well giuen Parents of the great cost and charges of sending their children into forraine Vniuersities.

At the same time Hugh Odonell, (whom Sir Iohn Perot, Lord Deputy, hauing by a trick inticed into a Ship, had com∣mitted to prison in Dublin, for feare lest that being of a tur∣bulent spirit, hee should cause some vproares,) now escaped out of prison againe, and by letters to the Lord Deputy, now certified him, that his father had resigned vnto him the au∣thority

of O-d••nell, that is, rule of Tir-C••nel••, whereup∣on he began a fresh to mutinie in Ireland, as Bothwell did in Scotland; concerning whom, although willingly I would not wea••e my selfe into a mixture of the affaires of Scotland, yet somewhat must bee spoken, especially since they are both so riueted together, that the one yeelds light to the others vn∣derstanding, which otherwise would bee clouded in much obscurity.

Bothwell t••erefore, wh•• had bee••e accused of trading in witchcraft, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 had latel•• ••scaped 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of prison, ••eing most outragiously incensed against Metellane the Chancellour, (whom he suspected the greatest engineer of his accusations) altogether applieth himselfe to the bringing vnder of both him and the King himselfe to his power; and to that intent towards the end of December, he breaketh in vpon the Court which was at Edenborough, with some more of his accom∣plices, and English borderers, and there assaulted the Queens Chamber with a mallet, and the Kings and Chancellors both with fire. But his plot being frustrated in successe, by the nimble obedience of the Citizens that came in against him, hee suffered a repulse, and was glad to flie; some of his attendants and Pages were thereupon hanged, and the Mallet also vpon the Queenes Cham∣ber doo••e, in remembrance of so bold a villanie.

Notes

• * 1.1

  1591
• * 1.2

  The Queenes care of the French King.
• * 1.3

  Her ayde.
• * 1.4

  The conditi∣ons agreed vpon between them.
• * 1.5

  A proclama∣tion against the French Leaguers.
• * 1.6

  Sir Iohn Norris sent into France.
• * 1.7

  La-Noue slaine.
• * 1.8

  Sir Roger Williams be∣haues him∣selfe brauely.
• * 1.9

  Reaux sent ouer to the Queene;
• * 1.10

  Demandeth ayde.
• * 1.11

  E••••le of Es∣sex sent ••••er.
• * 1.12

  Sent for to the King to Noyon.
• * 1.13

  He knighteth many.
• * 1.14

  Is deceiued by the French.
• * 1.15

  Looseth his brother Sir Walter.
• * 1.16

  Is dispatched ••••to Cham∣paigne.
• * 1.17

  The French King brea∣keth his pro∣mis••.
• * 1.18

  Mor•• a••de required.
• * 1.19

  H••••ket his education and behaui∣our.
• * 1.20

  His reuelations.
• * 1.21

  His confed••∣rates.
• * 1.22

  1590
• * 1.23

  They seek•• to accuse the Archbishop and the Chancellour.
• * 1.24

  Hackets ha∣tred to the Queene.
• * 1.25

  His disciples sent abroad.
• * 1.26

  They are ap∣prehended.
• * 1.27

  Hacket con∣demned.
• * 1.28

  His blasphe∣my at the time of exe∣cution.
• * 1.29

  Coping••r steru'd him∣selfe.
• * 1.30

  Arthington recants.
• * 1.31

  The Queenes iurisdiction in spirituall matters im∣pugned.
• * 1.32

  It is defen∣ded and maintained.
• * 1.33

  Captaine Gree••••ile in the Reare Admirall called the Reuenge.
• * 1.34

  Is assailed.
• * 1.35

  Sorely woun∣ded.
• * 1.36

  Greenuill y••••lded vpon condition.
• * 1.37

  The Reuenge sunke.
• * 1.38

  Are••••itall for her losse.
• * 1.39

  The East In∣dy voyage
• * 1.40

  〈…〉〈…〉.
• * 1.41

  Their re∣t••rne
• * 1.42

  Cauendish his voyage to the Magel∣lan•• straights
• * 1.43

  A Proclama∣tion against transportati∣on of prouision into Spaine.
• * 1.44

  The death of Sir Christo∣pher Hatton.
• * 1.45

  Brian O-rorke ••••raig∣ned.