Annales the true and royall history of the famous empresse Elizabeth Queene of England France and Ireland &c. True faith's defendresse of diuine renowne and happy memory. Wherein all such memorable things as happened during hir blessed raigne ... are exactly described.

THE EIGHTEENTH YEERE OF Her Reigne.* 1.1 Anno Dom. 1575.

HENRY the third, King of France,* 1.2 being returned from Poland, and already inau∣gurated in the City of Rhemes, confirmed by his oath and signe of his owne hand, before all things, the Alliance passed in the City of Blois, in the yeere 1572. be∣tweene Charles his brother and Queene ELIZABETH, and hauing giuen it to the Ambassador ordinary of Eng∣land, Queene ELIZABETH also for her part ratified it at Saint Iames neere Westminster. Notwithstanding a while after, he inquired by letters, if the words, mutuall defence against all (mentioned in that alliance) comprehended the cause of Religion? And after that Queene ELIZABETH had discreetly replyed, Yes, and that she was alwaies ready prest, and desirous to effect that mutuall defence, euen in the cause of Religion, if it was required by vertue of the alliance, he tooke armes against the Protestants: & the Duke of Alanzon being drawne to the contrary part, the marriage

slept in a long and profound silence. Notwithstanding, Queene ELIZABETH in fauour of the Duke of Alan∣zon,* 1.3 furnished the Duke Casimier with a great summe of mony, to carry into France the Alman Rutters against the disturbers of the publike peace.

As her minde was busied about the affaires of France, those of Flanders happened: for De Requesens, successor to the Duke of Alua, was fully bent, and endeuored nothing more then to recouer (if it were possible) the Sea, which the Duke of Alua by a remarkable error in so great a thiefe had despised, and by this meanes had caused that long warre of the Low Countries, which indured so ma∣ny yeeres: but he being not well furnished with necessary things to set forth a nauall Armie, because the tempest had broken and lost the Ships, which for this purpose had a lit∣tle before beene conducted from Spaine to Flanders, by the aid of the English; hee sent Boischot into England, to leuy ships and furniture of warre with the Queenes leaue, who being vnwilling to aduenture her ships and Sea-men in anothers cause,* 1.4 denied it, and gaue publike charge to all persons, not to arme any Ships without her licence, and did forbid the English Sea-men to enrole themselues vnder other Princes. Vpon this refusall, Boischot prayed her not to take it in ill part, if the fugitiue English in Flanders should serue in a nauall Warre against the Hollanders, vn∣der the command of the Spaniard; and permit them to touch freely in the ports of England to victuall themselues. But she would not approue, that the rebellious English (so she termed those whom he stiled Fugitiues) should fight in the seruice of the Spaniard, not to perswade her that Requesens would gratifie them, prayed them not to doe it, and name∣ly, T. Copely, whom the Spaniards had loaded with the titles of the great master of the Muze, Lord of Gaten and Rouch∣tey,* 1.5 and intended to set to Sea, to rob both English and Dutch. For the ports, she esteemed it exceeding folly to

open them to Rebels and sworne enemies. Yet Boischot, to obtaine more vniust things, required in the name of the Spaniard, that the rebellious Dutch might bee banished from England. But she refused that also,* 1.6 knowing that those whom he called Rebels, were poore miserable people of no note, and had neuer enterprized any thing against him, but being chased from their Country, and spoiled of their goods during the warre, had retired themselues into Eng∣land, thinking she should commit a great inhumanity, and violate the lawes of Hospitality, if shee should deliuer them into the hands of a Cut-throat. She also remembred how far the affaires of Spaine were interessed in Flanders. Then when at the prayer of the Duke of Alua she commanded 1572. the Dutch to leaue England, and that hauing com∣manded the Count of March and other Dutch to be gone, they had taken Brill, and suscitated that warre; neuerthe∣lesse, not to seeme altogether to depart from the ancient Alliance of the Burguinions,* 1.7 although the Spaniard had refused to confirme it with him, shee forbad by publike writing the Dutch Ships prepared for warre to goe forth, and those Dutch that had taken vp armes against the Spa∣niard, to enter into England, and expresly the Prince of O∣range and his house: the Count of Culenberge, of Berg, of March, and fifty others the most notable of that faction. And she performed with more alacrity, in regard Reque∣sens, at the intercession of Wilson, the English Ambassa∣dor, had caused the Earle of Westmerland, and other Eng∣lish to retire themselues out of the Country of Flanders, which was vnder the Spaniard, and had dissipated the Eng∣lish Seminary which was at Doway, in whose stead the Guizes, at the sollicitation of Pope Cregory the 13. establi∣shed another in the City of Rhemes.

The Prince of Orange, finding his forces no way equall to those of the Spaniard, and expecting no succour from England, consulted with his friends in whom he might put

his trust. Now when Queene ELIZABETH vnderstood he had fixed his eye and heart vpon the King of France, she first sent Daniel Rogers to disswade him: but nothing being effected,* 1.8 in regard he had before created with the Admirall Coligni and the King of France, she sent H. Cobham to the King of Spaine, to let him vnderstand how great the dan∣ger were, if Holland and Zealand should reuolt from him, and giue themselues to the King of France; and by the most important reasons she could represent, she perswaded him to make change of warre for peace, to which he see∣med to accord. She then gaue aduice to Requesens, by R. Corbet, and ceased not by all meanes to turne the Prince of Orange from his designe, by the imployment of I. Hasting, but she could not obtaine her purpose, being countermined by Villiers a French Church-man, who came poore into England, with a scuruy Cloake all torne (I speake this be∣cause I knew him) but was inriched by a collection which was giuen him to reade Diuinity Lessons, fearing lest the Prince of Orange should cast his eye vpon the English, maintained amongst other things, nay by a publike wri∣ting, that Queene ELIZABETH had no man of warre to whom she would trust an Army, but the Earle of Sussex, and that he bare no good affection to the Protestants, and according as he had learned of Coligni, he gaue forth, that if the English did set foot in the Low-Countries, they would renew their ancient hate against the French.

Neuerthelesse, the intestine warres of France hauing taken away all hope of succour from the Prince of Orange, and the Dutch,* 1.9 they afresh consult to whom they may runne, and rely vpon for aid. They knew that the Princes of Almany were against the Spaniards, & also they hauing no good intelligence, did niggardly depart with their mo∣ny, discorded with the Dutch in certaine points of Reli∣gion, and that the Emperour, a neere Kinsman of the Spani∣ards, would giue impeachment to it. They also saw the

French so engaged in their owne ciuill warres, that they could finde no end; that there was simulated & inueterate hate betweene the inhabitants of the Low-Countries and the French; that the Brabanders, Flemmish, and the neigh∣bouring people of France, would oppose it with all their force; that the Commandement of the French was rude and burthensome, as well as that of the Spanish; and that the hauens of France are not much commodious for the nauigation of the Dutch. But for the English that were almost vnder one paralell with the Dutch, who also see∣med to be of the same nature and Religion with them, that their language was not much different; their Countrey neere adioyning, furnished with Ports, commodious for Nauigation, and fruitfull in Merchandize. That the Queen both by Sea and Land was very powerfull, a milde and gracious Princesse, temperate in her commands, one that would conserue their Liberties, and in no wise burthen them with exactions.

They forthwith sent into England, Phil. Marnix,* 1.10 Lord of Saint Aldegonde, I. Douza of Nortwic, Paul Busy, and D. Melsen, which with an honourable legacy, and learned oration, offered to the Queene, Holland and Zeland, eyther to possesse, or protect, as being a Princesse issued from the Princes of Holland, of the bloud of Philip, Wife to Edward the Third, Daughter to William Bauier, the third of that name, Earle of Hainaud, and of Holland, by whose second Sister the Spaniard came to the inheritance of the Prouin∣ces.* 1.11 The Queene gaue a willing and an attentiue hearing to these things. But first of all, shee weighed and conside∣red in her minde the cause which they had vndertaken a∣gainst their Lord and King, the enmities of the Spaniard, the enuy of the French, the great expences and doubtfull euents of the warre, and also what offence might be taken by this insolent example. Then shee doubted whether by her discent from Bauier, she might make claime to Holland

and Zeland, and whether shee might lawfully contract a league of protection with the Subiects of another Prince, and whether they themselues could doe this, without the consent of the Emperour, who was Soueraigne Lord of the Fee. Then further, she scarce gaue credit to what some whispered in her eares; that the Prouinces fell not to the Spaniard by hereditary right, but by the election of the Subiects.* 1.12 Finally, hauing maturely deliberated vpon these things, (after she had respectiuely rendred thankes to the Prince of Orange and the rest, for their great good will) she answered, that she had alwayes had a speciall regard of the honour and faith worthy a Prince, nor could shee yet con∣ceiue, how she could in honour and conscience receiue the Prouinces into her protection, much lesse into her possessi∣on; but she would imploy her best labours to mediate for a happy peace betweene them.

* 1.13 At the same time arriued at the Court, Iohn Perenot of Champigni, from Lodwick Zuniga of Requesens, who in his name modestly aduised the Queene to entertaine the league betweene England and Burgundie, and not to entermeddle in the affaires of the Netherlands: To whom, the Queene promised to obserue the league, notwithstanding the Spa∣niard had refused to confirme it. Yet would shee alwayes prouide for her owne honour and safety, if shee perceiued the ancient forme of command amongst the Burgundians to be changed; and forreine Souldiers in great numbers daily to be admitted into the adiacent Prouince.

* 1.14 Before Champigni was returned, Requesens yeelded to death, and a strange confusion had ouercast the Nether∣lands, the Souldiers deuasting all places with Sword and Fire; And the Estates of Brabant, Flanders, &c. assuming their former authority in the administration of the Com∣mon-wealth, which the Spaniard by necessity was constrai∣ned to confirme to them, vntill the comming of Iohn of Austria, whom hee had instituted Gouernour ouer the

Prouinces, Queene ELIZABETH carefully laboured that the Spaniard might receiue no discommoditie, & con∣serue, as much as she possible could, the Netherlāds intyre to him, and sent Dauison diligently to exhort them to a peace.* 1.15 But by reason of outragiousnesse of the Spanish Souldiers, nothing was effected.

England, for this whole yeere, remained in a peaceable quiet, excepting, in the moneth of Iuly there happened vp∣on the Southerne borders of England, towards Scotland, a conflict betweene the borderers of eyther part,* 1.16 whereof the occasion was this, Iohn Foster, Knight, Gouernour of the Meridionall Frontiers, and at the same time of Barwicke also, entred into parley vpon the Mount Redsquire, with I. Carmichell, Warden of Liddisdale in Scotland: notwith∣standing it was a custome that none but Gouernours should meete with Gouernours, and Wardens with Wardens, as equals in dignitie, they were of either side accompani∣ed, besides certaine Noble-men, with a multitude of Fugi∣tiues, and Malefactours, all armed; of which, the most part quarrelled with one another about inueterate and mortall hatreds betweene them. These sort of fellowes, according to their custome, hauing put their horses out here and there to feed, round incircled the Gouernour & Warden; whom when they heard breake out into eager termes about the sending backe of Fugitiues, they, whose Lawes were one∣ly their weapons, knowing themselues guilty, were afraid lest they should be deliuered into the hands of iustice; vp∣on a squabble which fell out about the taking away of a spurre, they tumultuously ranne to armes, and euery one, to reuenge their priuate spleene, assayled his particular enemy, or made prey of his Horse. Whether a Scot or an English-man was the beginner, it is vncertaine. At the first en∣counter, the English repulsed the Scots, and tooke Carmi∣chell. But as they, being too confident in their owne for∣ces, ranged about for booty and trifling pillage, a troupe

of Scottish succours sallying out of Iedbourgh, Carmichell es∣caped, and the English were put to flight, George Heron, Knight, Warden of Tyndale and Ridisdale, with others, was slaine,* 1.17 and the Gouernour Forster himselfe; Fran. Russell, sonne to the Earle of Bedford, and sonne-in-law to Forster; Cuthbert Collinwood,* 1.18 Iames Ogle, Henry Fenwich, and many others, were taken and carried to Dalquith in Scotland, where the Regent was resident, who courteously recei∣ued them: but fearing lest, if hee should so soone permit them to depart, their bloud yet boyling for the murther, should inflame their courages to vengeance, and so rayse a warre betweene the two Kingdomes, hee for a time detei∣ned them, and would not release them, before they had promised by writing, to appeare at a certaine day in Scot∣land.

* 1.19 When Queene ELIZABETH had certaine notice of these matters, shee was then (if euer anger had preuayled with her) full of vexation and mightily incensed, that the Scots, which were (as her selfe spake) indebted to her for their rest and libertie, should, violating the peace, assault and murder the English in England, should surprize and leade into Scotland the Gouernour of the Meridional fron∣tier, and of Barwick, and others, and not release them be∣fore they had promised in writing to returne. Shee tooke all this as a great iniury and a disgrace done to the name of the English, and to her honour; And so much the more, be∣cause the Regent had constituted, that inquisition should be made vpon the borders of Scotland, whether those which were of the Commission, did come to the place armed. This proposition she iudged to come from a heart puff•• vp with enmitie; but that other with ambition, that is to say, that the Regent should prescribe a place of meeting to the Queene of England, notwithstanding that shee had not long before appointed a meeting-place in the City of Yorke to the Regent Murrey. Neither could the affrigh∣ted

Regent satisfie the Queene, vntill hee vnarmed had met with Huntington, Deputy for England, at Bonderod, a Towne vpon the Borders, and there promised with good offices to salue this hurt; and for the reparation of the English name, he sent Carmichel his indeered friend into England, who for a space was detayned there in free imprisonment at Yorke, and soone after was sent backe with honour and rewards. For the fault was found to be sprung from For∣ster, whilest hee aboue measure sustained the Cause of a no∣torious Malefactor. Thus was the Queene reconciled to the Regent, who remained euer after constant in his friend∣ship; chastising the Fugitiues of either side, to his great praise, and the good of both the Kingdomes.

In this yeere dyed not any in England,* 1.20 of any noble re∣marke or note: But in Scotland, the thrice-Noble Iames Hamilton, Duke of Castell-Herauld, who being sonne to the Daughter of Iames the second, King of Scotland, was giuen as a tutor to Mary Queene of Scots, appointed Gouernour and Heire to the Kingdome, so long shee was vnder age, and when he had deliuered her to the French, he was crea∣ted Duke of Castell-Herauld, in France; afterwards was constituted the chiefe of the three Gouernours of Scotland, during Queene Maries imprisonment; whose Cause whilest he constantly defended, being an open man, and of a nature peaceable, he was much afflicted by the iniuries and plots of some troublesome spirits.

The Earle of Essex perceiuing himselfe much troubled,* 1.21 aswell by the Ambushes of Turlogh, and the Lord of Dun∣gannon, as also by the obiected Difficulties in England: and learning that it was deliberated in England concerning his repeale, he silently deplored the misreies whereinto by extreme iniurie he was precipitated; he complained of the losse of his owne and his mens fortunes; hee lamented Ire∣land, which he perswaded himselfe, that with two thou∣sand Souldiers, he could reduce into obedience, he instant∣ly

demanded, that for his honour he might compound the matter with Turlogh: and hauing giuen vp to the Vice-Roy his command in Vlster, because that with that small Com∣pany of men which he had assigned him, he was not of po∣wer sufficient to prosecute what he had begunne, hee was presently commanded to resume the same. But hee had scarce resumed it, and began to march against Turlogh, but he receiued Letters of Command, wholly to with-drawe himselfe from that warre, and, in as honourable termes as he could, to conclude a Peace. Which beeing presently performed, he charged vpon the Scots of Hebrides, which had seized vpon Clandeboy, and forced them to fly into Caues: and hauing with the ayde of Norris surprized the Island Rachlin, and slaine 400. of the Islanders, hee forced the Castle to yeeld, and there placed a Garrison. And bee∣ing now in the middle course of victory, hee was againe commanded (beyond his expectation) to resigne his au∣thority, and onely as a priuate Captaine, had command o∣uer three hundred men. And sure nothing was omitted by the close and subtill dealings of Leicester, with continu∣all troubles to oppresse the milde and peaceable spirit of this Noble Worthy.

* 1.22 Henry Sidney was then sent the third time Vice-roy into Ireland, when the Plague made large hauock of the Isle: ne∣uerthelesse, he passed to Vlster, where many humbled them∣selues to him, and requested with Prayers their safe-guard, to wit, Mac-Mahon, Mac-Guir, Turlogh Leinich, and o∣thers; as many also in Lemster, of the seditious Family of O-Conor, and O-Mor, who by force of Armes had holden their ancient Possessions in Leise and Ophale, whereof by an Ordinance they had beene dispossessed. Beeing arriued at Mounster, he assisted as a mourner, to honour the Fune∣rals of Peter Carew,* 1.23 a true Noble Knight, and of memo∣rable vertues (who, as heire to Stephanide, and Reymond Crasse, who were the first Conquerers of Ireland, and of the

of Ydorne, had conquered, by the Rites of Warre, part of his Patrimony.) Comming to Corcagh, the Earle of Des∣mond visited him, and with great respect offered vnto him all willing and ready seruices. From thence being carried to Connach, he receiued Homage of the sonnes of Clan-Ri∣chard, which were Rebels, and pardoned all their offences, after they had humbly implored the same in the Church of Galloway: and so hee gouerned the Prouince with great and worthy applause.

Notes

• * 1.1

  Booke 2. 1575.
• * 1.2

  The league with France renued.
• * 1.3

  Warre kin∣dled in France.
• * 1.4

  The Queene of England denieth ships to Reque∣sens.
• * 1.5

  The entrance of the Ports.
• * 1.6

  To banish the Dutch fugitiues.
• * 1.7

  She denies the confede∣rate Dutch entrance into the English ports.

  Requisens chaseth the rebellious English from Flan∣ders.

  Dissolues their Semi∣nary.

  The Prince of Orange thinkes to run to the protection of the King of France.
• * 1.8

  The Queene of England disswades him.
• * 1.9

  The confe∣derat Dutch deliberate what Prote∣ctor they should chuse.
• * 1.10

  They haue recourse to the Queene of England.
• * 1.11

  She delibera∣teth there∣upon.
• * 1.12

  She reiecteth their proffer.
• * 1.13

  The Am∣bassy of Champigni.
• * 1.14

  Requesens dyeth.
• * 1.15

  The Queene studieth to bring the affaires of the Nether∣lands to a composition.
• * 1.16

  A conflict vpon the borders of Scotland.
• * 1.17

  Heron is slaine.
• * 1.18

  The English led as pri∣soners into Scotland.
• * 1.19

  The Queene of England is much in∣censed.
• * 1.20

  The death of the Duke of Castell-He∣rauld.
• * 1.21

  Essex redu∣ced into distresse in Jreland.
• * 1.22

  Sidney the third time Deputy, ma∣keth his pro∣gresse in Ire∣land.
• * 1.23

  The death of Peter Ca∣rew.