Annales the true and royall history of the famous empresse Elizabeth Queene of England France and Ireland &c. True faith's defendresse of diuine renowne and happy memory. Wherein all such memorable things as happened during hir blessed raigne ... are exactly described.

* 1.1 THE SECOND YEERE OF HER RAIGNE. Anno Domini, 1559.

* 1.2 AT the beginning of this yeere, Queene E∣LIZABETH re-established, and resto∣red of new, W. Parr to the dignity of Mar∣quis of Northampton, who vnder Queene MARIES raigne had beene degraded of that honour.

Her Maiesty also reconferred the Barony of Beauchamp, and Earledome of Hartford, vnto Edward Seymor, a noble Gentleman, who by the force of a priuat Law, the malice and enuy of his aduersaries, had beene depriued of the greatest part of his Patrimony, and Ancestors honours. Her Maiestie likewise honoured with the Title of Vis∣count Bindon, the Lord Thomas Howard, second sonne to Thomas Duke of Norfolke, (who was father to the graci∣ous Princesse Frances Dutchesse of Richmond and Lenox,

now liuing.) Moreouer, her Maiestie created Sir Henry Ca∣rie, Baron of Hunsdon, who was allyed to her Maiesty by the Lady M. Bullen; and that Noble Gentleman, Oliuer Saint Iohn, shee made Baron of Bletso, who all were free from the Popish Religion. After this, her Maiesty is con∣uayed in pompe and Royall Magnificency,* 1.3 from the To∣wer of London to Westminster, thorow the Citie of Lon∣don, with incredible applause, and generall acclamations, (which, as her Maiestie was equally venerable, in sight and hearing, increased meruailously) and the next morning, her Maiestie was there inaugurated with the right of her Ancestors, and anoynted by Owen Oglethorpe, Bishop of Carlile, when as the Arch-Bishop of Yorke, and diuers other Prelates, had refused the performance of that duty, through a suspicious feare of the Roman Religion; conceiued part∣ly, because her Maiesty had beene brought vp from the Cradle, in the Protestant Religion: and partly also, that she had a little before, forbidden a Bishop (at the Diuine Seruice) from lifting vp and adoring the Hoste▪ and like∣wise permitted to haue the Letany, Epistles & the Gospell in English, which they held as execrable: Yet Queen ELI∣ZABETH was truely godly, pious, and zealously deuoted: for her Maiestie was not so soone out of her bed, but fell vpon her knees in her priuate Closet, praying to God de∣uoutly: Certaine houres were by her Maiestie reserued and vowed to the Lord. Moreouer, her Maiestie neuer fai∣led any Lords day and holy day to frequent the Chappell; neither was euer any Prince conuersant in Diuine Seruice, with more deuotion, then her sacred Maiestie was. Shee zealously heard all the Sermons in Lent, beeing attyred in blacke, and very diligently gaue attention thereunto, ac∣cording to the ancient vse and custome, although shee said & repeated oftentimes, that which she had read of HENRY the third, her Predecessor, that her Maiestie had rather in her Prayers speake to God deuoutly, then heare others

speake of Him eloquently. And concerning the Crosse, our blessed Lady, and the Saints, she neuer conceiued irre∣uerently of them,* 1.4 neither spake her selfe, nor suffered any o∣thers to speake of them, without a certaine kinde of Re∣uerence.

Within few dayes after, there was a Parliament held, in which was enacted by a generall consent: First, that Queen ELIZABETH was and ought to bee, both by the Diuine and Ciuill Law, and the Statutes of this Realme, (and as I may vse their proper termes and forme) the lawfull, vn∣doubted, and direct Queene of England, rightly and lawful∣ly descending from the Royall Blood, according to the order of succession; which was likewise formerly enacted by Parliament, in the fiue and thirtieth yeere of King HEN∣RIE the Eighth; yet neuerthelesse, that Law was not abo∣lished, by which her Father excluded both her and her Si∣ster MARY, from succeeding him in the Crowne: And therefore it was thought by some, that the Lord Bacon, vp∣on whom her Maiesty relyed, as an Oracle of the Law, had forgotten himselfe, and was destitute in that particular of his wonted Prudencie, in not foreseeing the euent: and e∣specially, because the Duke of Northumberland had obie∣cted the same both against her Sister MARY, and her selfe; and to that end Queen MARY had abolished it, in as much as concerned her selfe. At which time, there were some that drew against her Maiestie most dangerous inuectiues and conclusions, in such manner as if she had not bin law∣full Queene, although the Lawes of England many yeeres agoe determined, Que la Couronne vnefois prinse ofte toute sorte de defaults. That the Crowne once possessed, cleareth and purifies all manner of defaults or imperfections. But many, on the other side, commended the wisdome of the Lord Bacon therein, as vnwilling, in regard of such confu∣sion of the Lawes and Acts, to open a wound already clo∣zed vp with the Time: For, that which made for Queene

ELIZABETH, seemed to tend to the shame and disgrace of Queene MARY. And therefore shee held her selfe to the Law made in the fiue and thirtieth yeere of King HENRY the Eighth, who restored and vpheld, in a certaine manner, each of their Honours.

Afterwards,* 1.5 there was in the Parliament likewise pro∣pounded, that forasmuch as concerned the Crown of Eng∣land, and the ancient iurisdiction in Ecclesiasticall matters, should be re-established, with the Lawes of King HENRY the Eighth, against the Sea of Rome; and of EDVVARD the Sixth, in the behalfe of the Protestants, which Queene MARY had vtterly abolished; ordaining, That all Iurisdi∣ctions, Priuiledges, and Spirituall Preheminences, which heretofore were in vse, and appointed by Authority, for to correct Errours, Heresies, Schismes, Abuses, and other En∣ormities in Ecclesiasticall Affaires, should for euer remaine as vnited to the Crowne of England; and that the Queenes Maiestie with her successors, should likewise haue full po∣wer to appoint Officers by their Letters Patents, to exe∣cute this Authority: neuerthelesse, vpon this charge, that they should not define any thing to be haereticall, but that which had beene declared such long agoe, by the holy and Canonicall Scriptures, or by the foure first Oecuminike Councels, or others, according to the true and naturall sense of the holy Scripture; or which should afterward in some Synod, by the authority of the Parliament, and approbation of the Clergie of England, be declared, That euery Ecclesiasticall Magistrate, and such as receiue pension out of the publike Treasure, to aduance and promote them∣selues in the Vniuersities, to emancipate Pupils, to inuest Domaines, or receiue seruants of the Royall House, were oblig'd by Oath, to acknowledge her Royall Maiestie, the sole and soueraigne Gouernour of the Realme (for as much as concerneth the Title of Soueraigne Head of the Church of England, it pleased her not) in all things, or causes as

well spirituall as temporall, all forraigne Princes and Po∣tentates excepted, entirely excluded, to informe of any causes within the Lands of her obeysance.

* 1.6 But there were nine Bishops that sare the same day in the vpper House of Parliament, and opposed themselues, and were wilfully refractary against these Lawes (beeing then but foureteene aliue) namely, the Arch-Bishop of Yorke, the Bishops of London, of Winchester, of Worcester, of Lan∣daff, of Couentrie, of Exceter, of Chester, and of Carlil, with the Abbot of Westminster. And amongst the Nobility, there were none that gaue aduice that England should bee reduced againe to the vnity of the Romane Church, and o∣bedience of the Apostolike Sea, except the Earle of Shrop∣shire, and Anthony Browne, Vicount Montaigue; who, as I said here before, was in Queene MARIES Raigne, sent in Ambassage to Rome, by the States of the Kingdome, with Thurbey, Bishop of Ely; who by a feruent zeale of Religi∣on, insisted sharpely, that it were a great shame for England, if she should retire so suddenly from the Apostolike Sea, vnto which it was but lately reconciled; and more danger, if by reason of such reuolt, it should be exposed (by the thunder of an Excommunication) to the rage of her ene∣mies: That by order and authority of the States, hee had, in the name of the whole Kingdome of England, offered obedience vnto the Pope, and hee could not but acquite himselfe of this promise. And therefore he tryed and en∣deuoured to preuaile so much by Prayers, that they would not retyre or draw backe from the Sea of Rome, of which they held the Christian Faith, which they had alwaies kept. But when these things were brought to the Lower House, there were many more than in the vpper House, that con∣sented ioyntly to these Lawes. Wherevpon the Papist, murmuring much, said, that of a deliberate purpose, they had elected the most part of the Deputies amongst the Pro∣testants, aswell of the Shires, as of the Cities & Corpora∣tions,

and that the Duke of Norfolke, and the Earle of A∣rundell, the most powerfull and mightyest amongst the Peeres, had industriously bribed the suffrages for the profit which they drew, or hoped to draw thereby.

Spirits then disagreeing for matters of Religion, by one and the same Edict, all persons were forbidden to speake irreuerently of the Sacrament of the Altar; and permitted to communicate vnder both species: And a Conference appointed against the last of March,* 1.7 betwixt the Protestants and the Papists, in which the States of the Land should bee present; and for the same, to keepe and hold elect, for the Protestants, Richard Coxe, Whitehead, Edmund Grindall, Robert Horne, Edward Sandes, Edward Guests, Iohn Elmar, and Iohn Iewell: For the Papists, Iohn White, Bishop of Winchester, Rad. Bain, of Couentrie and Lichfield, and Tho∣mas Watson of Lincolne; Doctor Cole, Deane of Saint Paul; Doctor Landgal, Arch-Deacon of Lewis, Doctor Harpes∣field of Canterbury, and Doctor Chatsie of Middlesexe. The Questions propounded, were these following: Of the cele∣bration of the Diuine Seruice in the Vulgar Tongue: of the authority of the Church, for to establish or abolish Ce∣remonies, according as it is expedient, and of the Sacrifice of the Masse. But all this Disputation came to nothing;* 1.8 for after some conference, and writings deliuered from the one to the other side, and not agreeing vpon the forme of the disputing, the Protestants began to triumph, as ob∣tayning the Victory, and the Papists to complaine of their hard vsage, for not beeing aduertised but a day or two be∣fore: and that Sir Nicholas Bacon, the Lord Keeper (being a man little read in Theologie) and their great Enemie, sate as Iudge, although he was but meerely appointed for Mo∣derator. But the truth is, that hauing thought more seri∣ously vpon this matter; they durst not, without ex∣presse order frō the Pope, call in question such high points which are not argued in the Church of Rome. And they

cryed of all sides, When is it, that one shall knowe, what hee ought truely to beleeue, if it be alwaies permitted to dispute of Faith? Disputers of Religion alwaies returne to the Scepters, and such like things. And the Bishops of Lincolne and Win∣chester were so offended with it, that they were of opinion, that the Queen, and those that had caused her to forsake the Church of Rome, should be excommunicated, and puni∣shed with imprisonment for it: But the wiser sort, that it must be left to the Iudgement of the Pope, for feare that those which were her Subiects, should not seeme, in doing this, to shake off their obedience due to their Princesse, and to display the Ensigne of Sedition. And that was not hid∣den to the Pope,* 1.9 who beeing also presently moued with Choller, commands Sir Edward Carne of Wales, a Ciuill-Lawier, who had beene Ambassadour at Rome for HENRY the Eighth, and MARY, and was then for Queene ELI∣ZABETH, to quite this charge, and (to vse the same termes) by the vigor or force of the commandement that was made vnto him, by the Oracle of the liuely voice of our most ho∣ly Lord the Pope, in vertue of the most holy obedience, and vpon paine of the greatest Excommunication, and losse of all his goods, not to goe out of the Citie, but to take vpon him the ad∣ministration of the Hospitall of the English: And did it, to hinder, that hee should not giue notice of the secret traines of the French, against Queene ELIZABETH, as he had done before, with a great care, for the loue he bore to his Countrey. Neuerthelesse, some thought that this old man, voluntarily chose this exile, for the zeale he bore to the Roman Religion.

* 1.10 In the meane time, (I omit for a while the affaires of the Church and Parliament, to obserue the order of time) the Embassadours of England & Spaine, which treated of Peace in the Citie of Cambray, were in debate with the French a∣bout the restitution of Calais, but they could not in any manner obtaine it, although they should haue propounded

to quit thē of three Millions of Gold, which France ought by lawfull obligation. The Spaniard, who otherwise alto∣gether different from Peace, held the English side, and sure∣ly with as much trueth as honour, because the Queene had lost this Town by his occasion; & fore saw that it was expe∣dient for Flanders, that it should be in their obedience. The French interrupted him▪ saying, that shee alone could not recompence the damages which the English had done them, their Townes beeing taken by the Spaniards by rea∣son of their ayde; and many Borroughs in base Brittaine were sackt and burned; many Ships taken, and their Com∣merce or Traffique, which is the sinewes of War, broken: That they had disbursed infinite summes of money, to hin∣der their firings; that Calais was the ancient patrimony of France, and that if it had beene lost by Warre long agoe, it had also then beene recouered by Armes; therefore, that it ought not to be restored, and that the States of France had so resolued. That surrendring it, were, to put wea∣pons into their Enemies hands, and withdraw for euer the Kings Subiects from his obedience: and therefore that it was an vniust thing for the English to demand it. The Eng∣lish, on the contrary, maintained, that they demanded it with reason and Iustice; because, say they, during one, yea, two ages, he had tooke Englands part, and that they had not onely conquer'd it by Warre, but that it was also falne vnto them by hereditary succession, and by cession made by vertue of the pactions and agreements, in exchanges of other places, which the Kings of England had likewise granted to them of France. That these damages ought not to be imputed to them, but to the Spaniards, who, against their will, had drawne and associated them in this Warre; in which, through the losse of well-fortified places, & the taking of many of their Captaines, they had receiued much more damage than the French, and had had no profit ther∣by. That all that the States of France order or decree, is

not reasonable, because it is only profitable; and that Ca∣lais could not be lawfully or iustly detayned, seeing that by the Conditions already agreed vpon, all the places that were taken in the late Warres, were restored vnto other Princes.

To which, the French replyed, that it was done in con∣sideration of the marriages which ought to be contracted with the other Princes, and hereupon propounded to mar∣ry the first Daughter who should issue by the mighty Prin∣cesse Mary Queene of Scotland, and the Dolphin of France; with the first Sonne that might be procreated by Queene ELIZABETH, to whom she should bring in dowry the Towne of Calais; and that for this cause, the Queene of Scotland should quit her right which shee had vnto the Kingdome of England; or otherwise, to marry the first Daughter which should be borne of Queene ELIZA∣BETH, with the eldest Sonne that should descend from the Queene of Scotland: and hereupon the English should renounce the right which they pretend vnto the Realme of France, and the French should be discharged of all the debts they ought to England, and that Calais should in the meane time remaine in their hands. But these propositi∣ons being vncertaine for another time, they sought to win time, and increase the delayes, but were contemned by the English, who made as if they seemed not to haue heard them. As they stood vpon these termes, the Spaniard ha∣uing aduice that Queene ELIZABETH did not onely breake the marriage which hee had offered her, but like∣wise changed many things in Religion, began to giue ouer the desire which he seemed to haue before the restitution of Calais; and his Ambassadours almost losing their patience, were somewhat of accord with the French: for the rest made account to continue the warres no longer for Calais, vnlesse the English would contribute more men and money as before, and would aduance it for sixe yeere.

This raised the heart of the Cardinall of Lorraine, who assured the Spaniards that the Queen of Scotland his Niece was truely and vndoubtedly Queen of England, and there∣fore that the King of Spaine ought to imploy all his for∣ces, if he made any account of iustice, to cause Calais to be deliuered into the hands of his Niece, the direct Queene of England. But the Spaniards, which suspected the power of France, not hearing that willingly, tryed secretly to draw out of England the Lady Katherine Gray, the yonger Niece of King HENRY the Eighth, for his Sisters sake, to oppose her to the Queene of Scotland, and the French, if Queene ELIZABETH should happen to decease, and to hinder thereby that France might not be augmented by the surcrease of England and Ireland; And strongly insisted, that there should be a Truce betwixt England, and France, vntill such time they should agree together, and that in the meane time Calais should be sequestred in the hands of the King of Spaine, as an Arbitrator of honour. But that was refused as much by the French as the English.

Queene ELIZABETH had well presaged that: for shee could not hope for any good from the Spaniards side, seeing that she had contemned and despised to marry with their King, and changed Religion. She also had know∣ledge, that the treatie of Cambray was not made for any o∣ther purpose, but to exterminate & roote out the Religion of the Protestants. And truely the consideration of her Sex, and the scarsitie of treasure, made her Maiesty finde, that peace was more to be wisht for than warre, though most iust. Also, it was her ordinary saying, that there was more glory in settling a peace by wisdome, than in ta∣king vp armes to make warre; neither did shee thinke that it was beseeming either to her dignity, or to the dignity of the name of the English, to relye vpon the defence of the Spaniard. And she thought therefore, that it was better for her to make a peace aside and separably, and to go thorow

and conclude for Calais with the King of France, being sol∣licited thereunto by continuall Letters from the Duke of Mont-morancy, Constable of France, and the Duke of Vandosme,* 1.11 as also by message of the Duke of Guise, who sent the Lord Gray (who had beene taken prisoner at Gui∣enne, and released to that end. And for to conclude this agreement, B. Caualcance, a Lord of Florence, was em∣ployed, who from his infancy had been brought vp in Eng∣land, with whom the French King hauing conferred in se∣cret, did hold that it should be safer to treat thereof by new Commissioners in such priuat Country-houses of the Kingdomes of England or France, that were of no great note. But Queene ELIZABETH being mooued, shew∣ed her selfe to be of a manly courage, in declaring that shee was a Princesse absolutely free, for to vndergoe her af∣faires either by her owne selfe, or by her Ministers: and although that during the reigne of her Sister, nothing was concluded, but according to the Spaniards aduice, and that shee would neuerthelesse, without giuing him the least no∣tice, or taking his counsell, dispatch these affaires betweene the Deputies of both sides, not in an obscure and priuate place,* 1.12 but openly in the Castle of Cambresis, neere Cambrai. This offended no lesse the Spaniard, than the refusall and contempt of his marriage with her Maiestie, with the alte∣ration of Religion, had done heretofore. Neuerthelesse, the French, who was crafty and cunning enough, to disco∣uer how she was affected to match with Spaine, prayed her Maiestie first of all to take away two scruples from them, before the yeelding of Calais; to wit, that they forsaking that Towne, before they were assured whom shee should marry, it might easily fall into the hands of the Spaniard, because that he would haue her Maiestie, if possible, vpon any condition, and that there is nothing so deare, but wo∣men will part with it to their beloued husbands: the o∣ther, whether, as the Spaniards boast, that the English haue

such neere alliance with them, that they ought to ioyne in armes with them against all Nations whatsoeuer, to these it was answered, that her Maiestie bore such motherly af∣fection toward the Kingdome of England, that she would neuer part with Calais, for to fauour a husband, and that although her Ma^tie shold grant it, yet England would neuer suffer it. Moreouer, that betwixt her Maiesty, and Spaine, there was not any such alliance, but a meere forced amitie, and that her Maiesty was most free for any contract with a∣ny Prince which might be commodious and beneficiall to England. Vpon this, it was thought good and expedient, that the Commissioners of each part should equally vse their vtmost endeuours in the Castle of Cambray, to agree all differences, and to conclude a peace. Therefore Queene ELIZABETH sent for England, as Commissioners, Thurlbie Bishop of Elie, the Lord Howard, Baron of Effing∣ham, Lord high Chamberlaine to her Maiesty, and Doctor Wotton Deane of the two Metropolitan Sees of Canterbu∣rie and Yorke. For the French King, Charles Cardinall of Lorraine, Archbishop and Duke of Rheims, the chiefest Peere of France, Anne Duke of Mont-morancy, Peere, Constable, and great master of France, Lord Iames Aulbon, Lord of Saint Andrewes, Marquis of Fronsac, and Lord Marshall of France, Iohn of Moruillier, Bishop of Orliens, and Claude Aubespine, Secretary of the Priuy-Councell of France. These ioyntly agreed and concluded such Arti∣cles as are heere set downe almost in the same words.

That none of these Soueraignes shall goe about to inuade each others Countries,* 1.13 nor giue assistance to any that should intend any such designe: if any of their Subiects should at∣tempt any thing tending to that effect, they should be punished, and the peace thereby not infringed nor violated. The com∣merce should be free; and that the Subiects of each Prince, who haue ships of Warre, before they goe to Sea, shall giue suf∣ficient caution not to robbe each others subiects. The fortifica∣tions

of Aymouth in Scotland shall be raysed; that the French King shall enioy peaceably for the space of eight yeeres, Calais, and the appurtenances thereunto; as also, sixteene of the grea∣test peeces of Ordnance; and that time being expired, hee shall deliuer it vp into the hands of Queene ELIZABETH; and that eight sufficient Merchants, such as are not subiects to the French King, should enter into bond for the payment of fiue hundred thousand crownes to be payed, if Calais were not resto∣red, notwithstanding the right of Queene ELIZABETH still to remaine firme and whole; and that fiue Hostages should bee giuen to her Maiesty, vntill such time as these Cautions should be put in, if, during that time, something might be attemp∣ted or altered by Queene ELIZABETH, or her Maiesties Sub∣iects, of her owne authority, command and approbation, by Armes directly or indirectly, against the most Christian French King, or the most mightie Queene of Scotland, they shall be quitted, and discharged of all promise and faith plighted to that purpose; the Hostages and the Marchants should be free∣ed: if either by the said Christian King, the Queene of Scots, or the Dolphin, any thing should be attempted against the Queen of England, they shall bee bound to yeeld her the Possession of Calais, without any further delay.

* 1.14 At the very same time and place, and by the same Depu∣ties, there was also a peace concluded betweene the Queen of England, and Francis and Mary, King and Queene of the Scots: whereupon they brought vnto the English & Scots, certaine Articles, concerning the grant of safe conduct for those who had spoiled and rob'd the Frontiers, and for the Fugitiues of the Countrey: About which, there being a meeting at Vpsaltington, betweene the Earle of Northum∣berland, Cuthbert Tunstall, Bishop of Dunelme, Gu. Lord Dacre of Grillesland, and Iac. Croft, Captaine of the Town and Castle of Barwicke, all English-men, on the one part: the Earle of Morton, the Lord of Home, and S. Cler. Deane of Glasco, all Scottish-men, on the other part: They proclai∣med

thorowout all England, the Peace concluded between the Queene of England, the King of France, the Dolphin, and the Queene of Scots, which seemed very harsh vnto the people, and conceiued to be much dishonourable, in regard that Calais which they had lost, was not restored, the Pro∣testants laying the fault vpon the Papists,* 1.15 and they vpon the Baron Wentworth, a Protestant, who hauing beene vn∣der the gouernement of Queene MARY, accused in that behalfe, and not brought to publique hearing, was againe taxed, and brought to iudgement, but vpon hearing, was freed by the sentence of the Peeres. But Rad. Chamber∣laine, who had beene sometime Gouernour of the Castle of Calais, and Iohn Hurleston of the Fort of Risbanc, were adiudged to dye, as guilty de laesa Maiestate, for abando∣ning their places; howsoeuer their censure was remitted. The Parliament being ready to breake vp, those which were there, thought good to aduise the Queene, forthwith to marry, the great ones being vnwilling to yeeld to that,* 1.16 for feare lest some of them might be thought to make this proposition out of some hope which they might haue for themselues. Hauing then appoynted Th. Gargraue, Depu∣tie of the Lower-house, to deliuer this message, he addres∣ses himselfe to the Queene, with a few choyce men: Ha∣uing first by way of preamble intreated admittance, and excusing himselfe with the graciousnesse of her Maiesty, and the importance of the affaires he had to deliuer, by this meanes procured audience, and in this manner spake vnto her

MADAME:

There is nothing which wee conti∣nually begge at the hands of God with more ardent Prayers,* 2.1 than the perpetuity of that happinesse, which

your iust and vigilant gouernement hath hitherto pro∣cured vnto the English Nation. But wee cannot con∣ceiue how this should alwayes continue, vnlesse that (which wee cannot hope for) you should continually reigne, or by disposing your selfe to marriage, might leaue Children, which might inherite both your ver∣tues and Kingdome together; the Almightie and good God so grant. This (MADAME) is the simple and vnanime desire of all the English, which is the conceit of all others: Euery one ought to haue a care of that place and estate hee hath, and Princes especially, that sithence they are but mortall, the Common-wealth might bee perpetuis'd in immortalitie. Now, this eter∣nitie you may giue vnto the English, if (as nature, age, and your beauty requires) you would espouse your selfe vnto a Husband, who might assist and comfort you, and, as a Companion, participate both in your prospe∣rities and aduersities. For questionlesse, the onely assi∣stance of an Husband, is more auayleable in the orde∣ring of affaires, than the helpe of a great many ioyned together, and nothing can be more repugnant to the common good, than to see a Princesse, who by marriage may preserue the Common-wealth in peace, to leade a single life, like a Vestal Nunne. Kings must leaue their Children their Kingdomes, which were left them by their Ancestors, that by them they may be embellisht, and be settled; and the English haue neuer had grea∣ter care, than to preserue the Royall House from default of Issue. Which is fresh in memory, when HENRY the Seuenth, your Grand-father, prouided marriage for ARTHVR, and HENRY his Children, being yet of tender yeeres; and how your Father procured in marriage for EDWARD his sonne, hauing scarce attayned to eight yeeres of age, Mary the Queene of Scots; and sithence, how MARY your Sister, not∣withstanding

shee was deepely strucken in yeeres, marri∣ed Philip the King of Spaine. So, as if the want of Issue be ordinarily giuen by GOD as a curse vnto pri∣uate Families, how great an offence is it then in a Prin∣cesse, to be a voluntary author of it to her selfe, si∣thence so many miseries ensue thereby; that they must needes pester the Common-wealth with a multitude of calamities; which is fearefull to imagine? But, MA∣DAME, wee, this small number of your Subiects, who heere humble our selues at your Maiesties feete, and in our persons, all England in generall, and euery English-man in particular, doe most humbly beseech, and with continuall sighs coniure your Maiestie, to take such order, that that may not be.

This is the whole summe of what he spake vnto her, with a great deale of eloquence, and more words.

To whom, in few words, shee answered thus;

IN a thing which is not much pleasing vnto mee,* 2.2 the infallible testimonie of your good will, and all the rest of my people, is most acceptable. As con∣cerning your instant perswasion of mee to marriage, I must tell you, I haue beene euer perswaded, that I was borne by God to consi∣der, and, aboue all things, doe those which appertaine vnto his glory. And therefore it is, that I haue made choyce of this kinde of life, which is most free, and agree∣able for such humane affaires as may tend to his seruice onely; from which, if eyther the marriages which haue beene offered mee by diuers puissant Princes, or the dan∣ger of attempts made against my life, could no whit di∣uert mee, it is long since I had any ioy in the honour

of a Husband; and this is that I thought, then that I was a priuate person. But when the publique charge of gouerning the Kingdome came vpon mee, it seemed vnto mee an inconsiderate folly, to draw vpon my selfe the cares which might proceede of marriage. To con∣clude, I am already bound vnto an Husband, which is the Kingdome of England, and that may suffice you: and this (quoth shee) makes mee wonder, that you for∣get your selues, the pledge of this alliance which I haue made with my Kingdome. (And therwithall, stretch∣ing out her hand, shee shewed them the Ring with which shee was giuen in marriage, and inaugurated to her Kingdome, in expresse and solemne termes.) And reproch mee so no more, (quoth shee) that I haue no children: for euery one of you, and as many as are English, are my Children, and Kinsfolkes, of whom, so long as I am not depriued, (and God shall preserue mee) you cannot charge mee, without offence, to be destitute. But in this I must commend you, that you haue not appoynted mee an Husband: for that were vnworthy the Maiestie of an absolute Princesse, and the discretion of you that are borne my Subiects. Neuerthelesse, if GOD haue ordayned mee to ano∣ther course of life, I will promise you to doe nothing to the preiudice of the Common-wealth, but, as farre as possible I may, will marry such an Husband as shall bee no lesse carefull for the common good, than my selfe. And if I persist in this which I haue pro∣posed vnto my selfe, I assure my selfe, that GOD will so direct my counsels and yours, that you shall haue no cause to doubt of a Successour: which may be more profitable for the Common-wealth, than him which may proceede from mee, sithence the posterity of good Princes doth oftentimes degenerate. Lastly, this may be sufficient, both for my memorie, and honour

of my Name, if when I haue expired my last breath, this may be inscribed vpon my Tombe:

Here lyes interr'd ELIZABETH, A Virgin pure vntill her Death.

And moreouer then this, they instituted in this Assem∣bly of State, certaine Orders,* 2.3 to preuent any forcible at∣tempt vpon the person of the Queene; to restore tenths, and first fruites to the Crowne, and to establish in euery Church an vniformity of publike Prayer, termed the Leta∣ny, and the forme of administring the Sacraments vsed vn∣der EDVVARD the Sixth, with very little alteration; with a penaltie vpon such as should depraue them, or vsurpe any other then that forme: to attend Diuine Seruice, Sun∣dayes and other holy dayes, vpon twelue-pence damage, to be imployed for the poore, for euery such default cōmit∣ted. As also cōcerning seditious broyles against the Queen, the sale of Deaneries, all maritime Causes, the traffique for Cloth and Iron, mutinous and vnlawfull Assemblies: And (to omit the rest, sithence there is no order imprinted) things concerning the possessions of the Arch-Bishops, and Bishops; intending, that they could neither giue, or farme out the Church-Liuings, but onely for the space of one and twentie yeeres, or for tearme of three liues, as they say, to any other person but the Queen and her successors, the reuenews of former Arrerages still reserued. So as this reseruation of the Queene, which onely tended to the be∣nefit of her Court, who abused her bounty; and the Bi∣shops, who were carefull enough for their own profit, con∣tinued still in force, vntill King Iames came to the Crown, who vtterly cut it off for the good of the Church.* 2.4 But there was no Act for it; howbeit in the former Parliaments of Kings there was often. Those who were restored to their

goods and honour, were, Greg. Finch, Baron Dacre, and Tho. his Brother, whose Father was put to death vnder HENRY the Eighth; H. Howard, who was afterward Earle of Northampton, and his three Sisters, the children of H. Howard, Earle of Surrey, who, about the death of King HENRIE the Eighth, had his head cut off for very small of∣fences: Ioh. Gray of Pirg. brother to the Marquesse of Dor∣set: Iames Croft, and H. Gates, who were conuicted of Trea∣son, de laesa Maiestate, vnder Queene MAREIS Raigne, and diuers others.

* 2.5 The Parliament being dismist, the Lyturgie conceiued in the Vulgar tongue, was forthwith sent vnto all Churches; the Images, without any adoe, taken from the Temples, the Oath of Supremacy proposed vnto the Bishops, to the Papists, and other Ecclesiasticall professors, who for the most part had formerly lent vnder King HENRY the 8. and all that refused to lend, depriued of their Benefices, Dignities,* 2.6 and Bishopricks. But, certes, as themselues haue certified, in the whole Kingdome, wherein are numbred 9400. Ecclesiasticall Dignities, they could find but 80. Pa∣stors of the Church, 50. Prebends, 15. Rectors of the Col∣ledge, 12. Arch-Deacons, and so many Deanes, 6. Abbots, and Abbesses, and all the Bishops that were then in Seance, and were 14. in number, besides Anthony, Bishop of Lan∣daff (who was the calamity of his Sea.) Also N. Heath, Arch∣bishop of Yorke, who, for nothing, had voluntarily left the Chancellorship, & liued many yeeres after in a little house of his owne at Cobham in Surrey, seruing God, and studying good workes, and so acceptable to the Queene, that she re∣fused not to visite him in that obscure place, with admira∣ble courtesie. Edward Bonner, Bishop of London, who was sent Ambassador to the Emperour, the Pope, and the King of France; but such a one, as mixt his Authority with such a sharpnes of nature, that he was noted of diuers for cruelty, and kept prisoner the most part of his life. Cuthbert Tunstal

of Durham, a man most expert in Learning, possest of ma∣ny honours within the Kingdome, besides, employ'd as Ambassadour abroad, in diuers waighty Affaires; conte∣sted rudely (being yet very young) against the primacy of the Pope, by a Letter written to Cardinall Pole: and be∣ing a little elder, dyed at Lambeth; where dyed also, Th. Thurlbey, Bishop of Ely, who had the honour to bee ac∣counted most discreet in an Ambassage, sent to Rome to of∣fer obedience to the Pope, and about the Treaty at Cam∣bray. Gilbert Bourn of Bath and Wels, who had worthily de∣serued in his place. Iohn Christopherson of Chester, so vnder∣standing in the Greeke Tongue, that hee translated diuers workes of Eusebius and Philon, to the great benefit of the Christian Common-wealth. Ioh. White, de Winton, gene∣rally learned, and reasonably qualified in Poetry, accor∣ding to the fashion of the time. Tho. Watson of Lincolne, very pregnant in the acutest Diuinity, but somewhat in an austere graue manner. Rad. Bain of Couentrie and Lichfeild, who was one of the restorers of the Hebrew tongue, and chiefe professour of the same in Paris, vnder the Gouern∣ment of Francis the first, vnder whom Learning beganne to flourish. Owen Oglethorp of Carlile: Ia. Turberuile of Ex∣ceter: and D. Pole of Peterborough: Fequenham the Abbot of Benedictins, a sage and good man, who liued long, and by his publique almes, wonne the heart of his Aduersaries, but was put by his place. All these were first imprisoned; but forthwith, for the most part, left to the guard, either of their friends, or the Bishops: except these two, more tur∣bulent then the rest; the Bishop of Lincolne, and the Bi∣shop of Winchester, who threatned to excommunicate the Queene. But these three, Cuthbert, a Scottish-man, Bishop of Chester: Richard Pat of Wigorne: and Tho. Goldwell of Asaph, voluntarily forsooke the Countrey: in like maner, some religious, and afterward some Nobles, amongst whō, the most remarkable, were, H. Baron of Morle, Inglefeild,

and Pecckam, both whom were of the Priuie-Councell to Queene MARY, Tho. Shelle, and Ioh. Gagd.

* 2.7 The learned'st Protestants that could bee found, were prefer'd to the places of Bishops deceased, and of Fugitiues; and Mat. Parker, a godly, wise, and right modest man, who was one of the Priuie-Councell to King HENRY the 8. and Deane of the Colledge Church of Stocclair, beeing so∣lemnly chosen Arch-Bishop of Canterbury, after preaching of the Word, calling of the holy Ghost, and celebration of the Eucharist, was consecrated by the imposition of hands of three ancient Bishops; Gu. Barlo, Bishop of Bath, Ioh. Scor. of Chester, Miles Couerdall of Exceter; Ioh. Suffra∣gant de Bedford, de Lambeth: and afterward the same Bi∣shops consecrated Ed. Grindall, a rare Diuine, Bishop of London: Richard Coxe, who was Tutor to EDVVARD the Sixth when he was a Child, of Ely: Edward Sands, an e∣loquent Preacher, of Winchester: Rob. Merick, of Bangor: Tho. Yong, a deepe professor in the Ciuill and Canonicall Law, of Saint Dauids: N. Bolingham, Councellour of the Law, of Lincolne: Iohn Iewell, absolutely iudicious in all li∣berall Science, of Salisburie: Richard Dauis, of Asaph: Ed∣ward Guests, of Rochester: Gilbert Barde, of Bath: Tho∣mas Bentham, of Couentrie and Lichfield: Gu. Alle, a pithy expounder of the holy Scripture, of Exceter: Iohn Park∣hurst, a famous humanist, of Norwich: Robert Horne, of a hardie and copious spirit, of Winchester: Richard Chesne, of Glocester: and Edw. Scamber, of Peterborough: but they placed Gu. Barlo, Bishop of Chester, who, during the reigne of HENRY the Eighth, was Bishop of Saint Dauids, and afterward of Wells: & for B. of Hereford was appointed Ioh. Scori, a skilfull and iudiciall man, who was formerly Bishop of Chichester: in like maner in the Prouince of Yorke, Yong being transferred from his place of Saint Dauids to Yorke, consecrated Ia. Pilkinton, a most godly and learned man, Bishop of Dunelme: Io. Best, of Carlile, and Gu. Downham,

of Chester. I leaue Ecclesiasticall Historians to relate what these men were, and what miseries they suffered vnder the Gouernment of Queene MARY, being either fugitiues in the Low-Countries, or hidden close in England.

And forasmuch as Learned men were rare to be found, diuers Mechanicke Shop-keepers, as simple as the Papists Priests, attained vnto Ecclesiasticall Dignities, Prebends, and Benefices of good reuenue; which diuers Priests per∣ceiuing, and hoping aboue all things, to expulse the Pro∣testants out of their Churches, and by this meanes, to get something to relieue the necessities of such amongst them as were deposed, thought it most expedient, both for the aduancement of themselues and their Religion, to sweare obedience to their Princesse, in renouncing the Authority of the Pope, deeming this wisedome meritorious, and were in some hope, to procure from his Holinesse, accor∣ding to his Iurisdiction, a Dispensation for his Oath.

Thus was Religion chang'd in England,* 2.8 all Christen∣dome beeing amazed, that it could so easily bee effected without Sedition: But the truth is, that this change was not so suddenly made: neither can it (since it is so) be easily tolerated, but by little and little by degrees: For, summa∣rily to repeat what I haue herevpon spoken: The Romane Religion continued in the same state it was first, a full Mo∣neth and more, after the death of Queene MARY: The 27. of September, it was tolerated to haue the Epistles and Gospels, the ten Commandements, the Symbole, the Let∣tany, and the Lords Prayer, in the Vulgar Tongue: The 22. of March, the Parliament being assembled, the Order of EDVVARD the Sixth was re-established, and by Act of the same, the whole vse of the Lords Supper granted vnder both kinds: The 24. of Iune, by the autho∣ritie of that which concern'd the vniformity of publike Prayers, and administration of the Sacraments, the Sacri∣fice of the Masse was abolished, and the Lyturgie in the

English Tongue, more & more established. In the Moneth of Iuly, the Oath of Allegiance was proposed to the Bi∣shops, and other persons; and in August, Images were thrown out of the Temples and Churches, and broken and burned. And because some malignant spirits, detracting from the Queene, as if shee had assumed vnto her selfe the Title of Chiefe Soueraigne of the Church of England, and authority to celebrate sacred Rites in the Church, she de∣clared by Proclamation,

That she attributed no more vnto her selfe, then what did of long time belong to the Crowne of England; which was, that next vnder God, she had supreme So∣ueraignetie and power ouer all States of England, whether Ecclesiasticall or Laye, and that no other For∣raigne Power, had, or could haue any Iurisdiction or authority ouer them.

* 2.9 By this alteration of Religion, (as Politicians haue ob∣serued) England became the freest Kingdome in all Chri∣stendome; because by this meanes, it had freed the Scepter from forraigne slauery of the Pope of Rome: and most rich, because it preuented the great summes of mony, which were dayly transported to Rome, for First-fruites, Indul∣gences, Appellations, Dispensations, and such other like things; and thereby the Common-wealth was voide and depriued, beyond all imagination.

* 2.10 The Protestants Religion being thus establisht by th'au∣thority of of the Parliament, the first and principall care of Queene ELIZABETH was, to defend and maintaine it still sound and impregnable against all sort of machynation whatsoeuer, in the very middest of her Enemies, which, through this occasion, she had incurred against her; And shee would neuer endure to heare the least Newes at all. Her second care was, to maintaine equity all her life time,

and in all her Actions: in token whereof, shee tooke this deuice vnto her selfe:

ALWAYES ONE:* 2.11

For her other designes, she concluded them to prouide for the safety of her Subiests: For, as she often said, that to the end the Common-wealth should bee in safety, her selfe neuer could bee: And that, to make her Subiects loue her, her Enemies feare her, and all to praise her; knowing, that what was begunne with wisedome, and kept by care, was firme and lasting. Now, how by her Masculine care and counsell, she surmounted her Sexe, and what shee did most wisely, in preuenting, diuerting, and powerfully re∣sisting the attempts of her Enemies, those that now liue, and shall hereafter, will bee able to iudge of what I shall drawe out and set forth of things, if I may call them so, in the Kingdomes owne memory.

At that time, the Emperour,* 2.12 and the Christian Princes interceding by continuall Letters, that she would vse the Bishops which were retyred out of her Realme, gently, and suffer the Papists to haue Churches in Townes by the Pro∣testants: She answered, that although the Bishops had, in the sight of all the world, against the Lawes and Peace of the Kingdome, and obstinately reiected the same Do∣ctrine which the most of them had, vnder the Raigne of HENRY the Eighth, and EDVVARD the Sixth, propoun∣ded to others, voluntarily and by publike writings, that she would vse them meekely, for those great Princes sakes; notwithstanding, shee could not doe it without offending her Subiects: But to let them haue Churches by the o∣thers, shee could not, with the safety of the Common-wealth, and without wounding of her Honour & Consci∣ence: neither had shee reason to doe it, seeing that England imbraced no new Religion, nor any other, then that which

Iesus Christ hath commanded, that the Primitiue and Ca∣tholike Church hath exercised, and the ancient Fathers haue alwayes, with one voice and one mind, approued. And, to allow them to haue diuers Churches, and diuers manners of seruice, besides that it is directly oppugnant to the Lawes established by the authority of the Parliament, it were to breede one Religion out of another; and drawe the spirits of honest people into varieties; to nourish the designes of the factious; to trouble Religion and Com∣mon-wealth, and to confound humane things with Diuine, which would be ill in effect, and worse in example; perni∣cious to her Subiects, and not assured at all to those to whō it should be allowed; and aboue all, at their request, she was resolued to cure the particular insolency of some, by winking at something; neuerthelesse, without fauouring in any sort,* 2.13 the obstinacie of their spirits.

The Spaniard hauing lost all hope to marry her, and bee∣ing ready to marry the Daughter of France, notwithstan∣ding, thinkes seriously of England, nothing desirous that it should be ioyned to the Scepter of France, and to retaine the dignity of so great a Kingdome in his House; obtained of the Emperour Ferdinand, his Vncle, that he would seeke her to wife for his second Sonne: which he as soone did by very louing Letters, and followed it very carefully by Iasper Preimour, a resolute Baron of the Countrey of Sti∣bing. The Spaniard himselfe, to bring her to that, promised her speciall affection; and she of her side, made him offer, by Thomas Chaloner, of her Ships, and commodity of her Hauens, for his Voyage for Spaine, which he was about, with all remarkable duties of Friendship.

* 2.14 The French, on the other side, casting an eye vpon Eng∣land, left the French Garrison in Scotland, in fauour of the King, Dolphin his sonne, and Mary Queene of Scotland, which hee had promised to take from thence, vpon the a∣greement before mentioned, and sent thither vnder-hand

supplies, sollicites the Pope of Rome more vehemently than euer, to declare Queene ELIZABETH an Heretique, and illegitimate, and Queene Mary of Scotland legitimate of England; and although the Spaniard, and the Emperour, hindered by their contrary and most strong practices, (though secretly by the Agents which they had at Rome) neuerthelesse, the Guizes carried their credulous ambition with such a flattering hope, to ioyne Englands Scepter to France, by the meanes of the Queene of Scots their neece, that hee came so farre, as to challenge it for his Sonne, and for his Daughter in Law, and commanded them in all their Royall Letters, to take this Title, Francis and Mary, by the grace of God, King and Queene of Scotland, England, and Ireland; and to let the Armes of England be seene in all places, causing them to be painted and grauen together with the French Armes, in their moueables and vtensils, in the walls of their houses, in their Heralds coates of Armes, notwithstanding any complaint that the English Ambassadour could make, that it was a notorious wrong to Queene ELIZABETH, with whom hee had newly contracted a friendship, being manifest that hee had not done it during the reigne of Queene MARIE, though she denounced warre against him. Hee also leuied horse and foote in France and Germanie, to goe to the Territories of Scotland, neerest adioyning to England, insomuch that Queene ELIZABETH had good cause to apprehend it, see∣ing that he breathed nothing, but after the bloud & slaugh∣ter of the Protestants. But these enterprizes were broken by his vnlooked-for death, hapning at the Tilting,* 2.15 which was for the recreation and solemnizing of the marrriages of his Daughter with the King of Spaine, and of his Sister with the Duke of Sauoy: And much to the purpose it fell out for Queene ELIZABETHS businesse, whom hee resolued to set vpon with all his forces, as well for being an heretique, as also illegitimate; on the one side by Scotland,

and on the other side, by France. Neuerthelesse, to giue him royall honours after his death, shee caused his funerall solemnities to be performed, as to a King a friend, with the greatest pompe, in Saint Pauls Church in London; and forthwith sent Ch. Howard, Effinghams sonne, now great Admirall of England and Ireland, to condole with him for the death of his Father, and to congratulate his succession to Francis his Sonne and Successour, exhorting him to en∣tertaine inuiolably the friendship which had lately beene begun.

* 2.16 But Francis, and the Queene of Scotland his wife, by the counsell of the Guizes, who then had some power in France, behaued himselfe publiquely, as King of Eng∣land, and Ireland, kept alwaies the English Armes, which hee had vsurped, and made shew of them more than euer; and N. Throgmorton, ordinary Ambassadour, a wise, but a hote man, complained to them of this. They first an∣swere him, that the Queene of Scotland had right to carry those Armes with a barre, to shew the proximity of bloud which shee had with the royall Race of England. After, when he had maintained, that by the Law, which they call the Law of Armes, it is not permitted to any to take the Armes, and Markes of any House, vnlesse hee be descen∣ded of some of the Heires of it, obseruing to tell him, that shee carried them not, but to cause the Queene of England to leaue those of France. But, hauing vpon that put them in minde how D. Wotton had afore-time treated at Cam∣bray, how twelue Kings of England had carried the Armes of France; and, by a right so seldome called in question, that by any of the treaties which were made betweene the English and the French, nothing had beene resolued to the contrary; hee gained in the end, that they should forbeare absolutely to beare these Armes, by the intercession of M. Memorency, the Guizes Emulator, who thought it not to be any honour for the King of France, to take any other

Title, or to graue in his Seales any other armes, than the Armes of the Kings of France; and shewed, that this Title alone was of more importance than many others; and that the precedent Kings had no other, when they sought their right in Naples and Milan. And truely, from these Titles, and these Armes, which the King of France, at the instiga∣tion of the Guizes, hath taken from the Queene of Scot∣land, then vnder age,* 2.17 all the disasters which afterwards happened vnto her, haue flowed from that: for from thence came the enmities openly declared by Queene ELIZA∣BETH against the Guizes, and those which shee practised against her priuatly, which by the subtil malice of men, who made vse of the growing enuy, and of the occasions which sprung from day to day, haue beene so fomented on both sides, that nothing could extinguish them but death; for,

Soueraigntie admits no Companion, and Enmitie a∣gainst Maiestie is grieuous.

A few daies after,* 2.18 in stead of giuing foure Hostages for the Towne of Calais, as they were bound by the treaty of Cambray, they gaue onely three: the English Merchants are iniuriously dealt with, in France: one of the Ambassador Throgmortons seruants was sent to the gallies, which F. great Prior of France, had taken & carried away by force from a publique place: Some Pistols were shot at the Ambassa∣dour himselfe, and in his owne lodging; and to make him the more contemptible, hee was serued at the Table, with no other Vessell, but such as the Armes of England and France were ioyntly grauen on. Finally, la Brosse was sent into Scotland with a troupe of choyce men; Gallies were sent for from Marseilles, and from the Mediterranean Sea.

Those in Scotland,* 2.19 which professed the Protestants Re∣ligion, and qualified themselues with the title of the As∣sembly, perswaded by certaine heady Ministers, and espe∣cially

by Knox, a most hot controller of the Royall autho∣rity, that it behooued the Peeres of the Realme, to take a∣way Idolatry from their authority, & by force to settle the Princes within the limits prescribed by the Lawes, had al∣ready refused to obey the Queene-Mother,* 2.20 and Regent, though shee was a modest and a prudent woman, changed Religion, tumultuously ransacking and burning the sacred places, & drawne to their partie Hamilton Duke of Chastel∣raut, the most powerfull of all the Kingdome, much pro∣uoked by the wrongs done by the French, and many No∣bles were bayted with hope to haue the Ecclesiasticall Re∣uenues: insomuch, as they seemed not to thinke of Religi∣on, but to plot in good earnest a reuolt against the Queene Regent, and against the French, which made warre in Scotland: and accused Iames, Prior of Saint Andrewes, Ba∣stard brother to the Queene, their Coriphea, who since was Count of Mura, to haue coueted the Kingdome from his Sister. But, by the holy protestations which hee made vnto them, hee tooke away all suspition of hauing any o∣ther ayme but the glory of God, and the Countries liberty; and that, seeing it opprest by the Queene Regent, and the French, he could not chuse but lament most bitterly for it. They sent William Maitland of Lidington Secretary,* 2.21 to Queene ELIZABETH; and hee, in a pittifull discourse complained to her, that since the marriage of the Queene of Scotland with the Daulphin, the administration of the Kingdome had beene changed, strange Souldiers spoyl'd and ruin'd all, the French were placed in the chiefest offi∣ces of the Kingdome, the Castles and strong places put into their hands, the pure money corrupted for their parti∣cular profit, and that by these deuices and the like, they fortifie themselues, fraudulently to take away the King∣dome, as soone as the Queene should be dead. Cecill, who was the principall minister that Queene ELIZABETH vsed in this businesse, and in all other, for his singular wisedome,

employeth H. Percy, who afterwards was Earle of Nor∣thumberland, to know what end the Lords of that Assem∣bly propounded to themselues, what meanes they had to obtaine that which they desired; and, if one should send them succour, vpon what conditions might Amitie bee maintained betweene the two Kingdomes. They answe∣red, that they propounded not to themselues any other end, but the aduancement of the glory of Iesus Christ, and the sincere preaching of Gods Word, to extirpate supersti∣tion and idolatry, and to keepe the liberty of their Ance∣stors: which they knew not by what meanes it might be done, but they hoped that God would giue successe to their designes, according to their desire, to the confusion of their aduersaries. And, as for the intertaining of amitie betweene the two Kingdomes; that that, was the abridge∣ment of their wishes; and thereunto vowed their goods, their faith, and their constancy.

They deliberate slowly of these things in England,* 2.22 be∣cause the Scots were not well furnished with money and armes, nor very faithfull among themselues. But they con∣sidered that the Marquis D' Elbeuf, Vnkle to the Queene of Scotland, had leuied men in Germanie, by the meanes of the Ringraue for the Scottish warre; that they had brought downe into the Hauens, peeces for battery; that the prepa∣rations which were made, were greater than was necessary for the restraining, as was pretended, of a small number of vnarmed Scots; that the French, to draw to their league the King of Denmarke, promised him, that the Duke of Lor∣raine should quit the right which hee pretended to haue to his Kingdome, and that likewise the censure of the Pope a∣gainst the Queene, was more importunately sollicited, than euer, and a sentence declaratory for the right of the Queene of Scots to England: there was sent vpon the frontiers of Scotland, one Sadler, a prudent man, and the Counsellor of the Duke of Northumberland, who guarded the South

frontier, and Iames Croft, Gouernour of Barwicke. For the Councell of England could not see what these things tended vnto, except to inuade England, and to pursue by armes, that which they attributed to themselues by their Coates and Titles.

* 2.23 Now doe they in England seriously consult vpon the businesse, and it seemed to them to be a very bad example, that one Prince should lend ayde and succour to the sub∣iects of another Prince, who rayse vp broyles and tu∣mults: but it seemed also, that it were an impietie to a∣bandon those who professe the same Religion, a slow wis∣dome to permit the French (who were sworne enemies to the name of English, challenged the Realme of England, and enioyed at that time, in all places, an assured peace) to remaine armed in Scotland so neere England, and so op∣portunely for the inuading of that side, where Nobles and Commons of England are most affectionate to the Romish Religion. That it were to deliuer cowardly in∣to the Enemies hand, the safetie of particulars, and the peace of the generall. For that cause, it behooued not to stand vpon dreaming and slow Counsels, but to dispatch and take armes. That the prudence of England had al∣waies beene accustomed to goe meete their enemies, and not to waite for them; and that it had euer beene aswell suf∣fered to preuent dangers, as to expell them; to defend themselues with the same weapons that they are assayled with. That England was neuer assured, but when it was powerfull and armed; that it was more powerfull when it had nothing to feare but the Scottish coast; and that to take away this feare, it were meete to assist those which professed the same Religion, and chace the French out of Scotland, against whom Armes are very auaileable, but not Counsels. That for hauing contemned them too much heretofore, they had lost Calais with shame and hurt, and a little before, by surprize, Ableville, and

the forts neere Bullen, whiles they fained to seeke a peace, which was the cause that Bullen afterwards was constray∣ned to render, and that they should looke for no lesse of Barwicke, and the frontier Townes, if they tooke not armes the sooner, without staying to see what the French will doe, who looke as if they meant to make peace in Scotland; Their designe being hidden, their ambition infinite, their reuennew exceeding great, insomuch that it is growne a Prouerbe long agoe in England, that France cannot be three yeeres both without warre, and without meanes. Queene ELIZABETH also often alledged this saying of the Emperour Valentinian, Haue French for a friend, but not for a neighbour. It was resolued then, that it was iust necessary, and profitable, to driue the French out of Scot∣land, as soone as could be possible.

In the end, a Nauy was sent into Borrough,* 2.24 which is now called Enden-borrough Frith, cōducted by W. Winter, master of the Nauall Artillery, who, to the great terrour of the French, set vpon their ships, which were there in the Road, and vpon the Garrison that they kept in the Ile of Inch-Keith. Likewise, presently, the Duke of Norfolke was esta∣blished▪ Lieutenant generall in the Northerne parts to∣wards Scotland; the frontiers of the East, and of the South, were cōmitted to the Lord Baron Gray, who, not long ago, had couragiously, but vnluckily, defended Guien against the French; and Thomas Earle of Sussex, who, in the reigne of Queene MARY, had beene Deputy of Ireland, is sent back thither, with title of Lieutenant, together with speciall command, to ouer-looke this Irish Nation, being so much the more superstitious, by how much lesse it was husban∣ded and tilled, should not be stirred to rebellion, by the practices of the French, vnder pretext of Religion: to fur∣nish Ophalie, with some small Forts, to giue to the old Sol∣diers some lands, to be to them and their heires males be∣gotten of their bodies; to receiue Sulij-Boy Scotsh-Irish, to

hold the possessions which hee had claimed by hereditary right in the Countrey of Vlster, to hold in fee, and to doe homage and seruice for the same: to increase moderately the reuenues of the Prince, and reduce the treasury to the forme of that of England.

* 2.25 While these things passed thus, F. Talbot, the fifth Earle of the House of Shrewsburie dyed, who was one of the chiefe Councellors of the Kingdome, leauing for Heire, George his onely Sonne, by Marie, Daughter to T. Dacre of Gilsland.

Notes

• * 1.1

  Booke 1. 1559.
• * 1.2

  Queene Eli∣beth re-esta∣blisheth and creates di∣uers Noble∣men.
• * 1.3

  On Wednesday, the 23. day of Nouemb. Queene Elizabeth remo∣ued from Hat∣field vnto the Charterhouse, to the Noble Lord NORTHS House, where her Maiesty lay fiue dayes, and rode in open Cha∣ret, from the Lord NORTHS House, along Barbican, en∣tring into the City at Criple-Gate. and so came to the Tower, from thence to West∣minster, where she was inaugu∣rated.
• * 1.4

  Q. Elizabeths o∣piniō concerning sacred things.

  She cals a Parlia∣ment, which is held the second yeere of her raigne.
• * 1.5

  Propositions to reforme Religion.
• * 1.6

  The 18. of March.
• * 1.7

  They esta∣blish a Dis∣pute betwixt Protestant and Papist.
• * 1.8

  The successe thereof.
• * 1.9

  Sir Edward Carne is de∣tayned at Rome.
• * 1.10

  Disputes and strifes for the Towne of Calais.
• * 1.11

  A treaty of peace with the French King.
• * 1.12

  The Castell in Cambre∣sis.
• * 1.13

  Articles of Peace, made and agreed vpon 'twixt the Queenes Maiestie and the French King, Henry the second.
• * 1.14

  A Peace is concluded & agreed vpon betweene the Queenes Maiesty and the Queene of Scotland.
• * 1.15

  The Lord Baron Wentworth, and others, are called in question, and brought in compasse of the Law, concerning the losse of Calais.
• * 1.16

  The whole Parliament doe exhort Queene E∣lizabeth to marry.
• * 2.1

  Thomas Gargraue's Speech made to her Ma∣iesty to that purpose.
• * 2.2

  Her Maie∣sties answer to them all.
• * 2.3

  Other Laws and ordinan∣ces establish∣ed by that Parliament.
• * 2.4

  The Nobles of the Land reestablished.
• * 2.5

  The Lytur∣gie appointed in English.
• * 2.6

  Papist Bi∣shops deposed and dischar∣ged from their Beni∣fices.
• * 2.7

  Other Pro∣testants lear∣ned and zea∣lous Diuines, are instituted Bishops in their places.
• * 2.8

  By what de∣grees Religi∣gion was al∣tered here.
• * 2.9

  The profit which pro∣ceeds from change of Religion.
• * 2.10

  Her Maie∣sties diligent care to de∣fend both the the true Re∣ligion and Common-Wealth.
• * 2.11

  Qu. Eliza∣beths Motto or Posey. SEMPER EADEM.
• * 2.12

  Her answer to forraigne Princes, in∣terceding for the Papists.
• * 2.13

  The Empe∣rour seekes the Queene for his Son.
• * 2.14

  The King of France chal∣lengeth the Kingdome of England, for the Queene of Scotland.
• * 2.15

  Is killed as hee prepared for the war.
• * 2.16

  Francis the Second, and the Queene of Scotland, tooke the title of the Kings of England.
• * 2.17

  The original of the hidden hatred which hath beene betweene the Queenes of England and Scotland.
• * 2.18

  The French deale vniust∣ly with the English.
• * 2.19

  Send men of warre into Scotland.
• * 2.20

  The Scots refuse to obey the Queene Regent.
• * 2.21

  They seeke helpe of Qu. Elizabeth.
• * 2.22

  They delibe∣rate of these things.
• * 2.23

  They resolue to driue the French out of Scotland.
• * 2.24

  The English are sent into Scotland, both by Land and Sea.
• * 2.25

  The death of Francis L. Talbot, Earle of Shrewsbu∣rie.