Bulleins bulwarke of defence against all sicknesse, soarenesse, and vvoundes that doe dayly assaulte mankinde: which bulwarke is kept with Hilarius the gardener, [and] Health the phisicion, with the chirurgian, to helpe the wounded soldiours. Gathered and practised from the most worthy learned, both olde and new: to the great comfort of mankinde: by VVilliam Bullein, Doctor of Phisicke. 1562.

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Title: Bulleins bulwarke of defence against all sicknesse, soarenesse, and vvoundes that doe dayly assaulte mankinde: which bulwarke is kept with Hilarius the gardener, [and] Health the phisicion, with the chirurgian, to helpe the wounded soldiours. Gathered and practised from the most worthy learned, both olde and new: to the great comfort of mankinde: by VVilliam Bullein, Doctor of Phisicke. 1562.
Author: Bullein, William, d. 1576.
Publication: Imprinted at London :: By Thomas Marshe, dwellinge in Fleetestreate neare vnto Saincte Dunstanes Church,; 1579.
Rights/Permissions: To the extent possible under law, the Text Creation Partnership has waived all copyright and related or neighboring rights to this keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above, according to the terms of the CC0 1.0 Public Domain Dedication (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/). This waiver does not extend to any page images or other supplementary files associated with this work, which may be protected by copyright or other license restrictions. Please go to http://www.textcreationpartnership.org/ for more information.
Subject terms: Hygiene -- Early works to 1800.; Medicine -- Early works to 1800.; Materia medica -- Early works to 1800.
Link to this Item: http://name.umdl.umich.edu/A17156.0001.001
Cite this Item: "Bulleins bulwarke of defence against all sicknesse, soarenesse, and vvoundes that doe dayly assaulte mankinde: which bulwarke is kept with Hilarius the gardener, [and] Health the phisicion, with the chirurgian, to helpe the wounded soldiours. Gathered and practised from the most worthy learned, both olde and new: to the great comfort of mankinde: by VVilliam Bullein, Doctor of Phisicke. 1562." In the digital collection Early English Books Online. https://name.umdl.umich.edu/A17156.0001.001. University of Michigan Library Digital Collections. Accessed May 6, 2025.

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A LITTLE DIALOGVE BE∣tweene Soarenes, and Chirurgi.

Soarenes.

NOw our old Freindes haue done all their long talke. very pro∣fitable to each other, & also to as many as haue heard them▪ I trust we shal spende the tyme to the like effect, with no lesse profite, thā Marcellus and Hilarius, which had comfort in seeking forth the sweete flowers of sun∣dry shapes in the fyeld, to their no small delyte, all this last Sommer. But now the horie, stormy, darke Win∣ter weather approacheth nere, as Persius sayth: Admouit iam bruma foco te Basse Sabino. Bassus, cold Winter doth draw thee to the fyre, in the Moun∣tayne called Sabinus, sayth he. Cold weather sayth he, draweth nere, Flora is fledd, Boreas, perceth, and causeth al beastes to tremble, bereuinge theym of their pleasant Sōmer shroudes, vnder the sweete leaues of greene Trees. The Earth is new couered with whyte Snowes, hard craking Ice,* 1.1 and horye frostes. Byrdes do quiuer and quake, lurking in the holes of Rockes and olde Barnes, for their reliefe. The Beastes with slender empty bellies and cold tremblyng Carkasses, doe cluster in flockes, or shroud them selues vnder the naked Bushes, with their faces from the fierce wyndes. These short Dayes, and long nightes, cause both man and beast to draw togea∣ther in warme places, and close houses, now the pore Bees, if they labou∣red wel in Sommer, haue their close sweete delytes in warme Hyues in winter. Thus doth Nature geue prouidence to sondry creatures, to foresee daungers to come, as honger, cold, storme. Furthermore, God & Nature, haue from the beginning, taught both man and beast, not onelye to relieue themselues in health, but in the tyme of sicknes, and Soarnes: each of thē are taught how to correct, stop, & purge such humours, as do offend nature.

Thus man artificially, and beastes naturally, haue a wonderful proui∣dence, wherby the glory of our Lord, and God doth appear of no smal Ma∣iesty, and deuyne power: which prepared his incensible creatures, as Man, Beast, Fysh, Foule, Serpentes. &c. And one of them to be both meate and medecine for an other. His name be praysed therfore. Amen.

Chirurgi.

HOw beit good brother you haue reuerently spoken, of the Diuine prouidence. I perceiue you did heare and marke wel, what end our good frend Hilarius made, Praysing God with the holye Prophete Dauid. Psal ciii.

Soarenes.

YE forsooth, although I be sore in body, yet I trust to beginne with good comfort, with a pleasaunt Comodye, and not end in a fearful Tragidye,* 1.2 For I haue hard say in the wrytyng of the holy Euan∣gell, which reporteth from the mouth of God, saying: before al thin¦ges seeke the kingdome of God, and then shall all thinges be geuen vnto

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you. If al thynges shalbe geuen vnto them, which pray vnto God, than shal comfort be geuen to the Careful,* 1.3 Breade to the Hungrye, lyberty to the thrall. And fynallye health to the Sicke, and Soare. &c. As example, Christe gaue health vnto the Lepors, Lame, Blynde, &c. Euen so I trust, beyng a soare Body, to be relieued at the mighty hands of God, or through him, by his cunning ministers, among whom you are one, whiche haue done many happy Cures, as I haue hearde. Wel, say furder, we haue pre∣sent occasyon, and tyme conueniente giuen vnto bothe: you, to warne you labour continually, and I agayn for health, pacientlye to suffer and learne some wholsome doctrine, for my reliefe. For if the Builders of Houses, wherein our Bodyes be shrouded, be not to be sorborne: much lesse the re∣payrers of the Bodyes of men, wherin the Soule remaineth, can be spared when eyther Wounde, Soare, Botche, or such lyke assaulteth our mortall mantion of the body. To conclude with you I wil, followyng all this short Winters day, in the warme house, to demaund questions as wel as I can, for my health and learning.

Chirurgi.

Say on your mynde a Gods blessyng.

Soarnes

FOr that I neuer did Drynke vppon the sweete Fludde, or Well Spryng of Philosophy, in my tender yeares: neyther haue sleapte vnder the noble Mountayne, and sweete two topped Hill, called Pernasus, Further, I did neuer slumber, or forgotte my selfe, throughe Golden Sleapes vppon Helycon that Noble highe Hyll, and pleasaunt place, where somtyme the nine Muses, gaue foorth theire Sacred gyftes. But rather I haue Drunke and Bybbed vppon the cold seuerus flood of the pale Water called Perenne:* 1.4 and washed my selfe in the Darke Streames, of the forgetfull Hellish Broke Lethe in Cleane forgetfulnes. Therefore to saye the truth of my selfe, my sore Body and dol••ish Brayne, can receiue but smal health, & Comforte, except it shal please thee, gently to heare mee: For curtesye is a goodly Schole maistres,* 1.5 and Comfortable are sweete Cordials, and whol¦some salues: and bytter▪ woordes, are byting corosiues, to feeble Myndes.

Chirurgi.

YOu say the truth. Euen so, soft Chirurgians make foule soares▪ sweete woordes are pleasaunt to Women and yonge Chil∣dren:* 1.6 but playne true tales, oughte to bee amonge Men of knowledge, without curious Cyrcumstaūce, or Rhetori∣call coloures.

Therefore goe to your matter, the daye is cold and short, the tyme passeth spedely away, and can neuer come agayne.

Soarenes.

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FOrsooth that is most certayne: therfore let vs spend the tyme wel. For my part I would know how to heale my soares which you do se here present before and behynde.

[illustration]

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[illustration]

Chirurgi.

I see them very wel, and I trust by Gods grace t to teache you those thinges, which I haue learned my selfe of others▪ for cure

Soarn••••

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WHat men of credite, both olde, and new, haue written of this most worthy Arte, of the hand craft of Chirurgi, or meanes thereunto, shewe mee some of theyr names, for to encourage mee to loue thys sayde Arte.

Chirurgi.

I Shall call to mynde, and note with Pen, a nomber of wor∣thy men, both old and new, Heathen and Christians, straun∣gers, and Englishmen although a great nomber whom I know not in this realme, which be worthye Persones, and cunninge men, profitable to our common wealthe. As the most worthy Fraternity of the Chirurgians, of the moste aunciente and fa∣mous Citty of London: wheras through learned Lectours, and the Se∣crete Anothomies, by, and through the learned doctor, M. Iohn Kaius, re¦ueiling vnto this Fraternity, the hidden iewels,* 1.7 and precious treasures of CL. Galenus shewing himself to be the .2. Linacer, whose steps he foloweth.

Who shal forget the most worthy Doctor William Turner?* 1.8 whose lear¦ned actes, I leaue to the witty commendations, and immortall prayse of Conradus Gesnerus. Yet his Booke of Herbes, wil alwayes grow greene, & neuer wither, as long as Dioscorides is had in Mynde, among vs mortall wightes. The noble estate of knightes, among the English or Brytish na∣tion, which of them did euer in ra••e, geue a trippe, out runne, or winne y^e victory of syr Thomas Eliot knight? who hath planted such fruitful trees that his graftes do grow in each place in this our common wealth, and his Castel of health, cannot decay.* 1.9

Thomas Fayre Doctor of Phisicke is not deade but is transformed and chaunged into a new nature immortal:* 1.10 he hath left a peece of darke earth behynd him, and gone ouer Lethes fludd••, forgettinge this world, and wyth pleasure spendeth the tyme among the heauenly Muses vnder the two topped Hil of Pernassus. Ful wel he knew Plini which taught y^e good¦nes of cleane creatures, and also the pestiferous venome of deadly Melā∣choly Serpentes, and their present remedy by the vertues of herbes of sō∣dry kyndes.

Doctor Androw Borde, wrote also wel of Phisicke, to profit the com∣mon wealth withal.* 1.11 This man declared how he was in a great city wher he did see three hellish Tragedies: the one was Nullus ordo, the second was Stridor Dentium, the thirde was Horror inhabitans, & yet this Borde was a bird of this nest or Cage, called Rome, wherof he maketh this reporte. I wil not forget M. Thomas Paguinellus, or Pannel, who hath playd y^e good seruant, to the comon wealth▪ in translating good bookes of Phisicke.

Doctor William Kunyngham hath wel trauailed, like a good souldiour agaynst the ignoraun•• ennemy: setting forth the commendacion, prayse▪ & profite of Astronomy, Cosmography, and Geographye, &c.

How wel was he▪ seene in tongues, learned in Artes and in Scien∣ces, Natural and moral. A father in Phisicke,* 1.12 whose Learninge gaue li∣berty to the ignoraunt, with his VVhetstone of wit, Castle of knowledge and fynally geuing place to sliding nature, dyed himself in bondage, or prison.

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By which death he was deliuered and made free, & yet liueth in the happye land among the Laureat learned, his name was Doctor Recorde, wyth many other, which I must geue place to time. For their vertues be not vn¦knowē in Phisick, & Chirurgi, although I name thē not. Yet if thou do fur∣ther delyte. without disdayn to know the names of them which haue bene execellent in the worthy art of Chirurgi, Phisicke. &c. I wil declare theire names in order as I haue noted and knowen. As following herafter by letters.

...Achilles.
...Aesculapius.
...Aetius.
...Aggregator.
...Augustinus Doct. Medic.
...Albucasis Mahumetan.
...Alexander Aphrodisiensis.
...Alexander Benedictus Veronensis
...Alphonsus Seruius Neopolitanus.
...Amatus Lusitanus.
...Antonius Fumanellus.
...Aristoteles Philos. Princeps.
...Arcagathus Peloponensis.
...Auicenna. lib. iiij. Fen. vij.
...Arnoldus de Villa Noua Comen.
...Aurelius Cornelius Celsus.
...Albertus magnus.

...Bartholomeus de proprietatibus rerum.
...Bartholomeus Montognan.
...Bartleus Doc. Medi.
...Bunus Doc. Medi. Cant.
...Buttus Doct. Medi.

...C. Plinius secundus.
...Cassius Iatrosophista.
...Chyron.
...CL. Galenus.
...Conradus Gesnerus.
...Constantius Cataplasmatis.
...Carrus Doct Medic.
...Clemens. Doct. Medic.
...Calduellus Medicus Doct. Oxo.
...Chamberus Doct. Medic.

...Damocrates.
...Damoxine.
...Diocles.

...Eucharius.
...Euelpistus.
...Euonimus.
...Edwardus Medicus Doct. Cant.
...Edmundus Chirurgus Ebor.

...Gariopontius.
...Gorgias.
...Genus Medic. Doct Oxo.
...Guido Caliacus.
...Gulielmus Placentius.
...Gulielmus Turnerus Medic. Doc. Cant.
...Gulielmus Variginanus.
...Gulielmus Kunynghamus Medic. Doct.
...Galus Chirurg. Lon.

...Hatcherus. Medic. Doct. Cant.
...Helyodorus.
...Heraclides Laurentius.
...Heraclius.
...Hera Cappedoc.
...Hyeron.
...Hyeronimus Bruns.
...Hieronimus Cardanus.
...Hyppocrates. Cous. Princ. Medicorum.
...Hugo.
...Huycus Medic. Doc.

...Iacobus Hollerius.
...Iacobus Ruffius.
...Ioannes Kayus Medic. Doct. Cant.
...Ioannes Almanner.
...Ioannes Bauerius
...Ioannes Barnardus.
...Ioannes Frerus Doct. Medic. Cant.
...Ioannus Manardus.
...Ioannes Tagaultius
...Ioannes Vigo Genuensis.
...Ioannes Porterus Norwic.
...Hilius. id. est Albanus. Montanus Doc. me.

...Lucas Euangel. Medic.
...

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...Linacrus Doctor medic.
...Lanfrancus Mediolanensis.
...Leonardus Bareapalia.
...Leonardus Fuchsius
...Ludouicus Bonaciolus▪
...Ludouicus Caelius.
...Langtonus Doct. Medic. Canta.
...Lorkinus Doct. Medic. Can.

...Machaon.
...Mantias.
...Martianus Corinbekus Docto. Medic.
...Marianus Chirurgus.
...Meges Chirurgus.
...Michael Angelus Blōdus.
...Masterus Doct. Medic.
...Montanus

...Nicolaus Massa.
...Nicolaus Myrepsi.
...Nicolaus Pol.

...Oribasius
...Otho Brunfelsius.

...Podalyrius.
...Paulus Aegineta
...Petrus Andraeas Matthiolus.
...Petrus Tolenus.
...Philopenus.

...Querenus.

...Rasis.
...Rogerus.
...Rolandus Capellatus.
...Robertus Balthropus Chirurgus.

...Sebastianus Aquilanus.
...Socrates Chirurgus.
...Soranus.
...Sostratus.
...Symon Ludfordus Doct. Medic. Oxo.

...Tertius Damianus.
...Theodorus Epist.
...Theodorus Priscianus.
...Theophrastus Paraselsus.
...Thomas Eliota Eques Angl.
...Thomas Philologus Rauen.
...Thomas Colphus Pharmacopulus Ang.
...Tryphon.

...Vidus Vidius Florent.
...Wendius Medic. Doct. Cant
...Vickarius Chirurgus Lon.

And thus I do end of the names of many men, besydes no small nomber of them, which haue, and do professe this worthy Art, both of Phisicke, & Chirurgi, to the great profite of ech common wealth.

Soarenes.

Why do you rather cal Surgery an Arte, then a Science? which I take it to be.

Chirurgi

BBecause it taketh the name of a Greeke Nowne, cal-Chir, an hand in English, and ••rgon ministerye,* 1.13 and al∣though both togeather called Chirurgia or hand miste∣ry should be rather hand craft, and not a Science: and this is my probation of this difinition. For ther be two kyndes of Chirurgi, the fyrst is Theorica, which is the mo¦ther Scholemistres, nourish, and Learner of this pro∣fitable Arte, without the which the workers therof, haue but one eye, and see this Arte But throughe a darke payre of Spectacles.

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The second and last part is called Practica, which is to put in vre, that which Theorica hath learned him,* 1.14 although Practica be very aunciente, and to some men fortunate, for healyng is the synguler gift of God, as the Apostle saith. Yet the former called Theorica, is reckoned a sciēce, how be it vnprofitably, and by tyme vsurped. Also the last named Practica, I meane not as the com¦mon people do terme euery tryfeler, or light does, to be a practicioner, that is able to seperate the qualityes of oyntmentes, and to decerne perfectlye of Herbes, Gummes, stones, trees, fruits &c. And to compound symples to∣geather, through knowledge, iudgement, and quicke inuention. For com∣pounded oyntmentes make plasters, and aleie Cerotes, accordyng as it is seene in the worthy workes of Nicolaus, Valerius Cordus, Leonardus Fuchsius. &c And when the bodyes of their pacientes, be sore or sycke, then the practicio∣ner must minister, and the medicine must take his effect, with nature, and God to geeue the healthe, throughe his good instrumente, whom the auncient Learned Men do tearme, the artificiall Chirurgian to whom great reuerence was geuen, and suche Men were in great estimation somtyme, but now not very muche.

Soarnes

WHat is then the cause, that so many Chirurgians now a daies be des∣pysed, and liue so basely and are coumpted the abiectes of the com∣mon people if the Chirurgians shoulde so be honoured, as thou fayste they should be, beyng repayrers of decayed men?

Chirurgi.

REpayrers? No, rather destroyers, marrers, and manglers of the bodyes of men, women, and children: and these mē lacke not onely learning,* 1.15 and knowledge, but also witte, & honesty, through whose wickednes, the auncient practi∣cioners and sober doers in Chirurgi, bee greatly abused a∣mong the common people: as commonly we see the good men are despysed, through the light behauiour of the wicked. For vnder y^e name of Chirurgi, many yong men, lyue in the Saintuarie of Idlenes, for∣saking their owne handy craft:* 1.16 and many crafty varlets, committing son∣dry crymes, eftsones they do flee into straung countryes, wandryng vp and down. And what be their shiftes? Mary, to buy some grosse stuffe, with a boxe of Salue, and cases of tooles, to sette forth their slender market with all: For Dogleeches and Tinkers shal haue worke in euery Uillage. Then fall they to Palmestry,* 1.17 and telling of Fortunes, dayly deceiuyng the symple: lyke vnto the swarmes of the vagabound Egiptians, and some that call themselues Iewes, whose eyes were so sharpe as Lynx, for they see all the people with theyr knackes, straung lookes, prickes, domifying and figuring with such lyke fantasyes fayning that they haue familiers & Glasses, where by they may fynd thinges that be lost, and besydes them are infinite of old doltish witches, with blessinges for y^e Fayre and coniuring of cattel: And y^t is the cause y^t so much idlenes & infidelity is practised, in this euil, estate.

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Of land leapers, and many symple inhabitours, worse than the subtil Li∣metours and beggyng Freers, which deceiued many thorow Ipocrisye: & more hurtful then the crafty Pardoners,* 1.18 which preached remission of sins in euery Parishe church, with belles and Pardons from Rome. These bee worse then vagabounde Beggers, robbinge the people, and more hurtfull than priuate murderers, in kyllyng men, for lacke of knowledge, and in warres oftentymes, the good Souldioure is cast awaye sooner, throughe the villayny of such Chirurgians, than by the weapon, and hand of the En∣nemy. And this is a lamentable, and most pittiful case, and hurtful to the common wealth: but forasmuch as mankind beyng the principal Creature of Amighty god the Aungels excepted,* 1.19 which doo dailye behold the presence of his maiesty is so excellent a thing, yet this mankynd, through dayly casu∣altyes and missehappes, eftsoones is hurt with faules, brused with strypes, pricked with Speare or Dagger, wounded with Weapon, burnte wyth fyre, bytten with madde Dogges,* 1.20 wherby his body standeth in dayly daun¦ger and peryl of Death. Therfore poore brother Soarenes, lyke as I doe here discouer these rabelment of Mineruas Seruantes, which liue only by thefte, yet God forfend, but in the absence of the learned Chirurgian, the wholsome medicines, prepared of good people, and charitable neigbours, should be greatly preferred, to helpe in such cases, when tyme, place, and danger dooe requyre, or els a great nomber shoulde be cast away for lack of help. Wher as many for lacke of wit and welth, of these Dogge leaches,* 1.21 whiche neuer knew letter of booke, behaue themselues dayly as followeth, with their cō∣sorted fellowes as, I haue wrytten in playn grosse woordes followynge,

SOme men in misery straunge shiftes wil make, Spending tyme vainly, and labour forsake: To liue lyke Lurchers, what force they of shame, Preferring knauish knackes before a g••od name. In countenaunces haut, and netnesse of clothes, Roysting lyke Ruffians, thundring forth othes: Furderers of Frayes, with longe Dagger or Sworde, Sowing of dissention, at eche mannes borde. Caryers of newes, proclaimers of lies, Liuers by Lechery, blood sucker, and spyes. Braynlesse as brute beastes, and Furious fell, Lyke Plutoes whelpes, trained vp in Hell.* 1.22 Murcia doth teach them, no la••our to vse, But slouthful to liue, and vertue refuse. Lauernia theeues Gods, al dayes of their liues Arme them with horned thumbes, and fine sharp kniues In Churche, Play, or Market, they hunt for the purse, And Preach oft on Pillory, their Eares are the worse Their thumbes be blaunched, with a. T from the fire, Such wooke as the vse, so payed is theire hire. Dame Paena with Palenes, that Lady of neede, Bringeth men into misery, and euil for to speede.

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Then are they make shiftes, deceiuers of other, Smal forcing to robbe, frend, father, or brother. To each wynde that bloweth, the thiefe sets his saile, As carelesse as the Foxe, which waggeth his taile. Not forcing who see him, in runninge to his borough, Though houndes him hunteth al the couert throughe, VVhen he hath most curses, then fareth he best, VVhen spent is his spoyle, he taketh his rest. Thē eftsones he sercheth, holtes, felles, woods & fēnes, For rauening of Lambes, and stealyng of Hennes. Thus lurketh wyly Raynerd, with out any care, But thend of his progresse, is the gallow and snare▪ Such Foxely feats are vsed, among a great nomber. To the publike weale, much losse and comber. More hurtles then fat Monkes, & Friers of disceit, VVhich liued in Idolatry, but had plenty of meat. To geue to the pore, that had honger and neede, But the Ruffen wil robbe, meate, money, and weede. And vnder long cloke lurketh, w^t tucke & sharp knife For goldes sake the gitles, to reaue them of life. Thus hurting the innocent that trauel with truthe, To suffer such villaines, it is a great ruth. No more then Thistel, which choketh the Corne. Great pity if it please God, such wretches were borne. * 1.23Their parentes do fansie them, like relikes & halowes And wil neuer correct thē, til thei climbe the gallous To no learning nor art▪ they train them vp in youth, But in idlenes and picking, with tales of vntrouth, In horehunting, beastlines, and belly ioy of life, In backbiting and baudrye, defiling mayd, and wyfe. Yet parētes your tēder brāches, easelie you may twist, But whē it hath great strength, you cānot whē you list. Then in stryuing for victorye, it is no greate wonder Old boughes wil not bend, but first cracke asunder. Yet instruct your childrē so, while youthful daies do last That thei may serue the comō weale, whē you are gon & past Then shal they be no brokers, to vsurers hāds, VVherby many oft do lose their goods and landes. Neither to be petty Foggers, in cases of the Law, To make mountaynes of Molhils, & trees of a straw. Or oppressours of poremen, with writs in their bags, Cloth themselues like Prīces, when other lurk in rags▪ Then shal they not be Parasites, in tyme of prosperity, But succour the helples, in the stormes of aduersitye. * 1.24Neither shal the ignorant, counterfet Chirurgy, Seming to y^e simple nōber they are seen in Astronomi.

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VVyth flattring wordes, and trim tales, glosinges they can tell, As though in naturall Philosophy, they were seene ful well. VVyth retrogradation, and Lord of the ascendent, Plasters, Oyles, Pouders, Salues, and matter defendent. In seeming to be skilful, in euery euil malady, VVhether it be moyst, colde, burning, hoat and dry. Yet neyther reade Tagaltius, Marianus, Guido, nor Galen, Olde Hyppocrates, Dioscorides, Rasis, nor Auicen. Latine nor Englishe, little or none, do they reede, Small is their knowledge, mutch lesse is their speede. Yet lacke they no Brimstone, Quicksiluer, or Litarge, Oyles grosse and lothsome, to beare out the charge. They haue Palmestry, and Charmes, at eche wyghtes desire, Good store of blessinges, for tothache, and saynct Antonies fire. If yong Babes through Feuers, wyth cold be shaken, Then they say an euill spirite, the childe hath taken. A bad Angell of the ayre, an Elfe, or a witch, VVhen in deede, deere frende, there be few sitch To molest the faythfull, to bryng them to confusion, But to the infidel and faythlesse, it is Sathans delusion, VVrought by his instruments, Loyterers, and Lyers, VVorse then the valiaunt beggers, and mendicant Fryers. Murderers of mankinde, in knowing of no arte, Banishe them from Chirurgi, commende them to the Carte, To the flayle and the rake, the trace and the tog, To the doung Forke, & Mattocke, to the Sheephoke & the dog, To the Naule and the Lingel, the Bristel, and the Shoe, VVhat should the Shomaker, wyth the Chirurgians workes doe? For it is the noblest worke, wrought by cunning hande, Excelling al other artes, in eche Citty, and Land. If Prynces be wounded, when noble men are sore,* 1.25 The Chirurgen them helpeth, of Chirurgians what more? VVhen bones are broken, and members displaced, VVhen the features of the face, wyth weapon be disgrased, VVhen bloud is shed, in cutting of the vaynes, The Chirurgian alone, helpeth him from paynes, Repayreth mankinde, and giueth hym rest, So of al knowledge, Chyrurgi is most best. For no treasure or arte, can helpe the wounded man, VVhen the Chirurgian, by his cunning onely can. Now let this rime passe, Gond send vs of his grace, Aske an other question, I will aunswere to that place.

Soarenesse.

GOD gieue me grace, to beware of sutch fellowes, as you haue spoken of before, which are an euill company: and that I myght learne what a very Chirurgian should bee, whych in your conclusion, you haue commen∣ded, and what thynges he should do in his office.

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Chirurgi.

HEe must begin first in youth with good learning, and exercise in thys noble arte,* 1.26 he also must be clenly, nim∣ble handed, sharpe sighted, pregnant witted, bolde spri∣ted, clenly apparayled, pytefull harted, but not Wo∣manly affectionated to weepe or trimble, when he see∣eth broken Bones, or blouddy Woundes, neyther must hee gieue place to the cry of hys soare Pacient, for soft Chirurgians maketh fowle soares. Of the other syde, he may not play the partes of a Butcher to cut, rend, or teare the body of man kinde. For although it be frayle, soare, and weake, yet it is the plea∣sure of God, to call it hys Temple, hys Instrument, and dwelling place, & the Philosopher doth call it Orbiculus, that is, a little world. Therefore see∣ing euery craftes man doth take great care, both day and nyght in hys vo∣cation, to help and amend dead things, whych be insensible, as Shyppes, houses, Walles, Brydges, and an infinite number of thynges, whych man∣kynde doth make, and when it is olde, doth renewe it, and preserue it from ruine, and vtter destruction, although it be not perdurable: Shoulde not therefore mankinde hymselfe,* 1.27 for his rewarde, be diligently cured, amended and renued, when eyther through falle, wounde, or stripe he is decayed, and that wyth wysedome, and diligence? for when a house is fallen downe y^e Carpenter may builde it vp agayne. But when mankynde departeth, de∣solueth, and dyeth, he cannot be reuiued agayne, by the pollicy or cunning of mankynde,* 1.28 because one mankinde, cannot make an other, but rather tho∣rough art, when they be decayed, help to amend them, through the worke of nature,* 1.29 and the ministration of the Phisicion: for Claudius Galen sayth, that Natura est ope••atrix, Medicus vero eius minister. That is, nature is y^e wor∣ker the Phisicion is but hir minister. Therefore the Chirurgicall Physicion, is Natures seruaunt.

Soarenesse.

What then doth Nature worke in Chirurgj?

Chirurgi.

* 1.30NAture worketh three maner of wayes, by the reason that conue∣nient instruments and meanes are applied in the time of neede, to help her. For fyrst she deuideth the thynges that are contayned, or vnnaturally knit together. Secondly, shee vniteth, knitteth, and ioyneth together,* 1.31 the seperated partes. Thyrdly, she expulseth, purgeth, and clenseth superfluous matter, that doth abounde, or offende nature.

Soarenesse.

Then it should appeere, that nature needes no Chirurgj?

Chirurgi.

* 1.32YEs. Nature in the tyme of Soarenesse, can no more be without y^e Chirurgian, than the Smith can be without hys hammer, or the Tayler wythout his Sheeres: and as I haue sayde before, al∣though you seeme to be forgetfull, yet let the Chirurgian bee dyli∣gent, if he loue to be clothed wyth honesty, to lyue vertuously, and to doe

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thinges artificially, and not to geeue quid, pro quo, Chalke for Cheese, or Dirt for Drinke: for if they so do, if it springeth of ignorance, then they are worthy to be punished, and after to bee reformed. But if they bee Men of knowledge, & thus abuse their Pacients, they are worthy to bee punished, as malicious murtherers: but heere I stop and lay a straw, I wyll med∣dell with no matters of the Lawe, I am no Iudge, although it be good and the chiefe Regiment, of our common wealth, yet I haue receyued as small profit by Lawers, and vnquiet men, as wounded men get perfyte health, by ignoraunt Chirurgians, or quiet Men, leade happy lyues with an∣grie Wyues, for whom there is no remedy, but pacience perforce, quod So∣crares, to Xantippa.

Soarenesse.

IS your name Chirurgj? Me thinke by your talke, you haue a domesticall grife, how helpe yee your selfe, when your Feuer taketh you, you beare out the matter as well as you can.

Chirurgi.

IF I be diseased of any sutch Feuer, I do not intend to seeke counsell at your hands, neyther of Hippocrates, nor Galen. &c. But only of Dio∣gines, whych loued to be alone, & Socrates was taught pacience: but to conclude, no man knoweth the griefe of a strayght shooe, but the Wearer thereof: but for asmutch as many Handes make lyght Worke, and many shoulders passe small of greate burdens, I care the lesser, hauing so many parteners. The remedy is this, when stormes bee past, faire Weather com∣meth at laste.

Soarenesse.

WEll, well, seeke a salue for that sore, I can no skyll of your disease, God wote, mutch lesse to helpe myne owne griefe. I pray thee therefore help vs both, yet by your leaue although you be called Chirugj, or Sanitas, yet I do consider, that there is no continual sa∣nite of body, or perfect quietnesse of mynde, during thys Lyfe of mortall men For if a man would discend downe into his owne conscience, and see himselfe wythin, he shall easely perceyue, the wordes written of saynct Iob the .18. Chapiter in hys most lamentable and pityfull Booke: sayth hee, a man that is borne of a Woman, lyueth but a short time, and is filled ful of mysery, and commeth vp and falleth away lyke a Floure,* 1.33 and in the ende passeth away lyke a shadowe, and neuer continueth in one estate. For truly we dayly see, aduersity followeth Prosperity, bondage after liberty, pouer∣ty after riches, sicknes after health, beside an infynite number of the passi∣ons, & afflictions of the mynde. As zeale, strife, Ielousy, loue, Ioye, care. &c. And as the wyse man sayth, Omnia tempus habent, al things haue their time. And God hath geuen affliction to the children of men, to be exercised in thē among whom, I for my synnes am plagued wyth thys kynde of malady, as thou seest me haue: I beseech God of hys mercy, send mee health, and as many as are soare.

Chirurgi.

Thou hast spoken wysely, for al thing is in vayne, where God doth not put to his helping hand, and by hys Prophet he sayth,* 1.34 call vpon mee in the tyme of trouble, and I wyll help thee, make thee whole, and delyuer thee. Behold, how many Lepers, sycke of Palsyes, bloudy Flixes,* 1.35 blynd∣nesse,

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deafenesse, possessed of euill spirites, yea. & death it selfe, all these hath God helped, restored, and made perfect: for there is Tempus occidendi, and Tempus sanandi wyth God,* 1.36 for hee is euer occupied, eyther in punishing the wycked, or comforting of his elected.

Soarenesse.

WOuld GOD, there were sutch myracles now a dayes, as was then. It were a great comfort to an infinite number of sutch as I am,* 1.37 neyther should it be paynfull, nor costly, for Chryst coueteth no money, although Simon magus delighted in nothing els.

Chirurgi.

SOarenesse, Soarenesse, Thou sayst not well, for it is rather a tempting of GOD,* 1.38 then a beleeuinge in GOD, to looke or wyshe for Myracles, for faythfull Men neede none. And I trust thou arte faythfull, therefore thou needest no Myracle: but rather consider thys, Chryste healed the bodies of sycke men, two maner of wayes: the one by vertue of his Heauenly word, whereby we be taught that he is GOD. The second, he healed som∣tyme wyth Clay, with spittle. &c. wherein we be learned, and he also hath learned vs, in the tyme of our soarenesse, prudently to vse Gods Instru∣ments,* 1.39 and meanes, yea, not wyth Clay, or Spittle, yet wyth pretious Herbes, Fruictes, Gummes. &c. For GOD hath ordayned them onely to help his people, to this ende, that hys people myght serue hym. Tobias hea∣led hys fathers Eyes, wyth the Gaule of a Fyshe, an Aungell prepared the Medicine. Ezechias the Kynge in the tyme of hys Pestilence, was healed wyth a cluster of Figges,* 1.40 The great Prophet Esay, gaue hym thys Medi∣cine. Eliseus dyd clense through the vertue of a sweete tree, the foule stinc∣kyng Waters. Christe in the Gospell, commaundeth the Apostles to cary Oyle wyth theym, to heale the sicke. S. Luke the holy Euangelist was a Physicion,* 1.41 and some of the antiquityes of hys Physicke, remayne vnto thys day. It is sayd also that holy Esdras made a goodly Medycine, when the people were in captiuity in Babilon, to clense them from their Melan∣choly, and heauinesse of mynde, which Medicine is called after hys name vnto thys day: These and sutch lyke examples Soarenesse, shoulde mooue thee to vse these meanes to help thee.

Soarenesse.

I Heartely thank you, I shall by Gods grace, obserue your sayings. and vse Gods Instruments reuerently, by whose meanes wee poore Men be healed. And sometyme the rych Infidels, still tor∣mented wyth soares. &c.

Chirurgi.

EUen so be ryche also, for Sycknesse, as we do dayly see, doth not per∣ticulerly dwell in poore men, but rather generally in all, although the kyndes of sicknes be variable, & the Complexions diuers, & the causes many, and euery sicknesse, and soarenesse, haue his proper name, although

Page 9

men, eyther through ignoraunce, shame, or craft do abuse their names,* 1.42 al∣though the effect do still remayne, as in clenly termes by your lycence, they will call it nothing els, but a sausy flemed Face, red or hygh coloured, when many tymes in deede, it is not only so, but the very Leprosy wyth all. It is nothing say they, but breaking out, or paynes of the body, weakenesse of Lymbes, or a greene sicknes, through the obstruction of y^e Lyuer. &c. with sutch nicke names, whose very sure name is, the Buttens of Naples, Galli∣cus morbus, commonly called the French poxe.

Soarenesse.

HEtherto yet stande I in doubt, although I bee payned, howe to name truly my desease I cannot, although of it selfe it bee defina∣ble, felt of me, and seene to vs both, & known onely to thee, what think you it is, I pray you tell mee?

Chirurgi.

It is none other then apostumation, as it doth playnly appeare to me.

Soarenesse.

Then I pray you, gieue me a difinicion, and deuision, of an apostumation.

Chirurgi.

APostumacion is a very euill disease, compounded of .iij. kyndes of maladyes, gathered,* 1.43 and growing together in one quantity, fyrste of an euyll Complexion: Secondly a naughty composicion: And thirdely, the continuaunce of tyme. These three make an apostumation, or swelling w^tin or without the body, notwithstanding, as Galen sayth, not all kynde of swellinges make apostumations, but sutch onely as anoy the body, and the roote thereof is the corruption of the foure temperamentes, when they be altered, and chaunged into Fleume, Bloud, Choller, & Me∣lancholy, through them the shape of a member is altered,* 1.44 when it is chaū∣ged from his naturall forme, into any straunge, or deformed figure. Also the breache of continuaunce, is caused through incitions, corosians, brea∣king, or strecching, as Galen sayth, in the second de arte medendi, neuerthelesse the chiefe cause is through stretching, whereby the partes of the body bee seuered one from an other, and this is my conclusion of this diffinicion.

Soarenesse.

How many kyndes of apostumations be there?

Chirurgi.

THere be two, the one is hoat, and the other colde,* 1.45 for euery apostu∣mation is hoat or cold, touching their humour: but accidentally they be diuersly hoat, as Galen sayth the hoate haue their proper signes, to be knowen by, euen so haue the cold, whereby he percey∣ued. Apostumations, wherein is boyling, and burning, wyth continuall heate, are iudged to come of bloude, or Cholericke humour, euen so iudge them of Melancholy, or Fleume, when they seeme to be colde, Pale,* 1.46 dead∣dishe, or partly not felt, and thus thou shalt perceyue their kindes, and al∣though

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they be named a like, yet they differ one frō another in cure, as they do in complexion. Moreouer, the apostumation of bloude, hath great swel∣ling and heat ouer all the body, and is seldom seene without some Feuer, & y^e colour is a dim dark red, also hardnes, if you presse it with your finger, be∣cause so mutch matter, is gathered grossely in the place. The pulses wyll beat very soare, the matter being ouer laden, will kepe downe the artery, & therefore nature attempting to rease and lift vp the same, will cause great beating in the vaynes, wherefore the more arteryes be kept downe, y^e grea∣ter is the laboure, and beating of the Pulses, after whych, sometyme fol∣loweth sutch dolour and payne, that all the partes of the body come to de∣struction,* 1.47 as oftentimes in hoat euill complexions, where euill matter is heaped together in apostumation. That in fyne, replecion, and tencion, of all the course of the vaynes doe come, for all the vaynes in the sayde apo∣stumation, by the meanes of the aboundance of bloud, will swell and be∣come great, although before, they were ryght, strayte, cleane, yea, & some as small as hayres, and these bee the apostumations of bloud.

Soarenesse.

What sayest thou then, of them that be Chollerike?

Chirurgi.

* 1.48APostumacions Chollerike, be gentler as touching their swelling, but they doe excell more in payne, and be farre crueller, because of sharpnesse, and byting of the humour, wyth bitternesse, & drynesse of Choller, whereas bloudy apostumations, although they do swel through moystnesse, yet the same humidite or moystnesse, causeth y^e soare to be more gentler, and of lesser payne than the Chollerike, for they be two contraries, as Aristotle sayth in his Booke of generation, and corruption, Ignis qui est in vltimo continentis, non est in fine ebullitionis, and in another place he sayth,* 1.49 Elementa omnia adinuicem contrarietatem habent, and that is wel sayd, for heat is an extreme contrary to colde, so is moystnesse to drynesse, & m••re payne in the one apostumation, than in the other.

Soarenesse.

What be apostumations in quantity, whych of them be greatest, and which of them be least, I would fayne know, good Chirurgj?

Chirurgi.

* 1.50AS touching their quantityes, know you, that y^e Chollerike, is lesse then any other, by the reason of hys drynesse, and heat, whych restrayneth extencion, but the accident of the payne, is most cruel and sharp, and these be destroying qua∣lityes in this quātity, what time they are come to y^e extreme degree of heat: but apostumacions, depending of cold hu∣mours, sutch wyll bring their owne proper signes, beating of arteries, not∣withstanding they bee not comparable to the beating of a Chollerike, or a bloudy apostumatiō but more duller, colder, paler. &c. You must also note, that apostumations that spring of bloud,* 1.51 or Choller, be diuersly termed by sundry names, as Botches, Shingelles, Fellones, Pushes, Uncomes,

Page 10

saynct Anthonies fyre, blaynes, Bladders, or Blisters, crustes Carbuncles, Pestilent soares. &c. euē so on y^e other side, apostumatiōs of Fleume, or Me∣lancholy, haue ioyned vnto thē these names, as vndimies, knots, woūdes, Carnelles, Wrates, Cankers, Esthachelles, wyth sutch lyke euills of mor∣tifycation, in their beginning, and bee all called apostumacions, but when they be growen to a ripenes, and do breake forth, then call them vlcers, spe∣cially if the matter proceede to the breach of continuaunce. Also apostuma∣cions are soares compounded, and stande not in one humour alone, yet of∣tentimes we say simply, that euery one of them, spryngeth of one humour, heat, cold, moyst, or dry, of whom in deed they do take their names, as A∣ristotle iudgeth in hys Naturalles, as where bloud is excessyue,* 1.52 it is called a Bubo, or a Sanguine botch, and where as Choller doth abounde, it is cal∣led a Chollericke malady. And so of the Flegmatike, and Melancholy the lyke, according to their natures.

Soarenesse.

HItherto I haue heard, but only the diffinitions of y^e names, or natures of apostumacions, but me thincke to talke of the cures, were more pro∣fitable, for only vnto that end, do I mooue these questions vnto you?

Chirurgi.

I Wyl speake somwhat of their cures, but or I enter any fur∣ther in this matter, I thynke it rather necessary, to speake a little of thinges that be comen, and would bee prudently obserued in theyr cures, for asmutch as euery apostumaci∣on, dependeth of some cause, and may not well be cured, except, cause, sygne, iudgement of the same wyth effectes, be perfectly knowen.* 1.53 Therefore seeing there is nothing bolder then blynde bayarde, whych falleth oft in the Mire, nor none so hurtfull to y^e health of mankynde, as ignoraunt Chirurgians, setting the carte before the horse, and the rootes of the trees vpward, whych shote at the marke lyke blynd men, somtyme hitting by chaunce, more than by knowledge, these thynges con∣sidered, Soarenesse: thynke therefore no tyme lost, to heare me speake of the causes of apostumacions, for thereby the sooner, they may be healed, there∣fore I wyll speake a little more of the causes.

Soarenesse.

Why? Be there any more causes of apostumacions, whereof should they ryse? I pray you shortly shewe me.

Chirurgi.

YEs, Sayth hee, whych is the Prynce of all Physicke called Hippocrates, there bee three kinde of causes, whereof apostuma∣cions doe rise, the fyrst is the Primatiue, the second the Antecedent the thyrd the Coniunctiue. The Primatiue, where maladies happē by misfortune to the body, from the outward parts, as incicion, breakyng smiting, fallyng, vlceracion of the hands and feete, or any other part. wher∣of insueth apostumacion. For when great dolour is caused in anye parte,

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soone after followeth, that the part anoyed cryeth vppon nature for helpe, (for sutch is hys goodnes and prouidence) who sendeth out of hand some succour, to the impouerished, and soare partes But it chaunceth ofttimes, that this succour, or nourishement, resteth there or some where by y^e way, in the vacant and weake partes, and so groweth it at length to an apostu∣mation, in case the vertue degestiue, or expulsiue be not able to mayster, and dispatch it. The Antecedent is diuersly named, and by diuers termes, as re∣plecionall, humorall, complexionall, and composicionall, it is called replecio∣nall, when the humours increase beyond their due measure. Albeit al these haue respecte to the quality of humours, yet for all that, when all the hu∣mours grow beyond measure, it is termed replecionall: humorall, is whē one humour alone, groweth to apostumation, as the shingles commeth of pure Choller, and an hoat botch of pure and laudable bloud. Also they call it complexional, if the sayd humours be distempered from their firste state or qualities, I say from their fyrst qualities as if their forme in a body were limited,* 1.54 within the quantity of .ij. inches, and then if they had gotten them iij. inches more, thereof would spring diuers diseases, taking their names of the qualityes, that haue dominion and preheminence ouer them. It wyll be named compositionall, where one humour exceedeth the rest, in degree of his quality, geuen him of nature in composicion▪ and hereof it commeth to passe, that the whole body compounded, goeth to ruine, through Feuers, and other kynde of maladies. Wherefore no man may doubt, that y^e com∣plexion should be holden for a cause Antecedent. Some number dolour w^t the same causes, whereunto may be added weaknesse of a Member, as wa∣trishnesse, and windinesse. &c. Also a cause Coniuncte, is nothing els but the Antecedent, when it commeth to a place vlcerated, or well nighe vlcerating, Here may not we passe ouer this wyth silence, that any apostumation as touching riping▪ or to speake playner, rotting, and breeding of matter, hath property four tymes appropriate to it, that is to weete beginning, augmē∣tyng, state, and fall. The beginning is, when the causes Coniunct, begin pre∣sently to appeare.* 1.55 Augmenting is known in that it largeth, and groweth to bignesse, and the accidentes increase: the matter gathered, and heaped togeather, wythout further increasinge, sheweth playnely the state. Fy∣nally, the fall is knowen (if it bee well looked on) by a certayne softnesse, & faynting in the place. And these tymes must be aswell obserued, I thynke, as the selfe maladies: for Auicenna wyth expresse wordes, geueth thys ad∣monition, saying it is not possible thou shouldst cure a disease, if thou know not, what the disease is. Mee thynck he doth inferre, and conclude, where the tymes be vnknowen, the cure also wyll be vnknowen, for why? In as mutch as the tyme in the apostumation is dyuers, the disease is dyuers, & the cure wyll be dyuers.

Soarenesse.

ALthough you seeme to speake somwhat obscurely, & darkly, yet by oftētimes reading, I trust to get some more knowledge, for it is sayd of a very wise man, Omnes homines naturaliter scire desyderat. And I also being a mā, am desirous of knowledg to help my selfe, w^tout the which I am y^e worst kynd of beast, & most vnprofitable vpon y^e

Page 11

earth: but hether vnto, you haue spoken, but of the beginninge of apostu∣mations, as seemeth to me, but how be they ended & finished? I pray you let me know the way?

Chirurgi.

GALEN, the best that euer was, and the greatest learned next to Hippocrates, and one to whom chief credence must be giuen as vnto a prudēt Ship mayster, which through running, wysely doth set his course in the raging Seas, defending his Ship from Rocke, Storme, and Tempest, to the end, to arriue at the porte, and end of his trauayle, so doth Galen, like to a worthy mayster, defende his Paci∣entes from shipwrackes, both soarenesse, and sicknesse, and sayth, if apostu∣mations tourne not back agayne, then they do ende by insensible resoluti∣on, or els by rotting out, and they be ended foure maner of wayes:* 1.56 fyrst by resolution, as is aforesayd, whych is vnbynding, remoouing, or vndoing of the matter: secondly, to conuert, chaūge, and tourne the apostumation into a thing called matter, or waire. The thirde is by rotting. The fourth, is putrifaction, and of thys speaketh Auicen, whych is one of the chyefe Prynces of Phisicions, in th'ende of hys chapter, concerning a hoat apo∣stumation, and in this cure there is two thinges principally to be obserued. The one is, whether the thing be yet a doing, the other is, whether it be ful done, or ended. I meane by doing, that is, whether the matter be yet run∣ning, or fleting to the place of apostumation, and by the thing that is don, that is, whether the matter be past, and come already into the place of A∣postumation or not: and note also, that in all sutch cures, you may not pro∣long, or abuse the tyme, but diligently goe about your businesse, for a little lost tyme, putteth the Pacient to great payne, and the Chirurgian to greate dishonesty.

Soarenesse.

THerefore I pray you to spend no more tyme any longer in definitions, names, causes, and signes, of Apostumations, but rather I pray you, begin the maner of their proper cures, and helpes, for els hetherunto, all is but a laberinth, and a croked way vnto me.

Chirurgi.

WEll. If you wyll needes take vppon you to mynister, in your beginning, you must prepare repercussiues, whych wyll great∣ly cōfort the soare Member: for Auicen sayth in hys first booke, the fourth doctrine, that a strong Member actyuely. doth cast from hym his superfluous humour, vnto the weake passiue or suffering Members, and pulleth it back agayne, and eftsoones doth powre it forth agayne, to the great hurt of the weake part where by the weake Member is oftentymes Choaked, and Strangled wyth the strength of the humour, whereby the whole Body is Ruined, and finally brought to destruction. Therefore, to the intent that the weake parte bee not vtterly Destroyed, Ouerladen, or Choaked, wyth sutch Superfluous humoure, you must, to auoyde the Daunger, make Restraynt wyth repercussiues,

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repercussiues, and medicines defendent. And this shalt thou do, apply cold, and binding receipts, as Galen sheweth in the third of the arte, saying: Re∣pellemus a paciente particula si infrigidemus & stiptica apponamus &c. We shal put of from the sycke part, if we coole, and apply bynding thinges. &c.

Soarenesse.

Do repercussiues help then in thys case generally?

Chirurgi.

* 1.57NO. But for asmutch, as thys place offereth occasion, to speake of repercussiues, whych I do laude: euen so I shall haue occasion to shew, where repercussiues ought to be ab∣horred and fled, with no lesse care, than Shipmen doe the rockes in the sea. For it is no lesse pleasure to the Chirurgi∣ans, to obtayne their purpose, and finishe their cure, than it is ioy vnto the Mariners, luckely to arriue in theyr owne porte, or restinge place. Therefore Soarenesse, to the ende that we may eschue Shypwrackes, and daungerous places, let vs a little inlarge our course, and call to remē∣braunce, the wyse wordes, of that learned man and famous clark (maister Ihon Uigo) of Genua, whych wrote a learned Booke vnto Iulius the second, wherein he sayth, that apostumations in vncleane bodyes, do vtter∣ly refuse repercussiues, except they be first clensed by purgations, for mutch matter cannot away wyth repercussion. In case we should fal sodeinly to the cure before purging, then should wee greatly erre, for in driuing it back ward, we rather should couch it vp, in the place so fast, that it could not bee remoued,* 1.58 whereby occasion should be geuen of euil accidence. And further∣more, if this come to passe, as God forbid it should, then would it playnely import, or threat putrifaction or corruption of the member. Secondly, the emunctory or cleansing places, wyll not desire any repercussiue. Thirdly, take heede how you vse repercussiues, when y^e matter is fat and clammy. For Galen sayth in the third booke of the Arte, Corpus existens plenum reper∣cussionem non admittet. Fourthly, thynk it no matter of deliberacion, concer∣ning repercussion, when the cause is venemous, cruell, or furious: but bee occupied wholly, in prouoking of it forth, for if you dryue it backward, after myne opinion, sayth Tagaltius, then do you range farre from the high way, for thys is the cause, why yee shall erre, and not do well in your cure. First, yee shall shut and close vp the matter, wythin your centure, whych of ne∣cessity, ought to be dispersed abroade, in the whole circute, and thereof wil follow, by the meanes of the malyce, venim, and poyson assembled togea¦ther, and so taking their force in one place wyll practise no small incoueni∣ence or mischyfe,* 1.59 agaynst the natural vertues: you shall therefore, first vse repercussiues, if the matter be pressed, stopped, thrust, or shut vp together in one place, do thys, for feare of deforming of the member, where y^e soare is, whych soone wyll ensue, if it come to putrifaction in that place. Sixt∣ly, if nature cause any apostumation, by reason of crisis. Hoc est Iudicum, that is of iudgement to auoyde, 〈◊〉〈◊〉, or put out matter, superfluous, in thys case, think there will be no meanes founde, to put it backe, wythout great daunger, and hurt to nature.

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Soarenesse.

WHy? Would it hinder any thing in this case, to apply a repercussiue, or medicine, to dryue it backe? shewe me some reason why it should not be? Or what hurt would come thereof, if it were done?

Chirurgi.

MAry, this euill might eftsoones ensue, for if it bee put backe,* 1.60 or re∣tourned in agayne, nature wyll then inuent, and finde out some o∣ther by path, from the vncleane, to the cleane places, and were not this a great hurt to nature? Yes surely, it were no small Ieopar∣dy: therefore we must in sutch cases, make euacuatiō of y^e matter, putting a helping hand to nature in her crisis, as Galen sayth vpon this Aphorismus: quorum crisis fit, haud facta est. &c. For the cure of all these causes, you must vse mollifications, and softning Medicines.

Soarenesse.

Yet agayne, I put thys question, why you do vse repercussiues at any tyme?

Chirurgi.

WEe vse repercussiues, that wee may apply theym, to the intente that the matter yet fleeting, be kept of, and not that,* 1.61 whych is al∣ready flowing, become stubburne, agaynst vs in our workyng, & therefore, doing according to our rules, we shall order & apply repercussiues in the beginning, and augmenting of apostumations, for why, the matter at that tyme, is chiefly flowing to and fro: and Galen writeth in the thyrd of his arte, that vessels refreshed wyth binding medicines, put of mutch matter from them, howbeit this ought to be done successiuely, by little and little, because the fluxe of the matter, is wyth a continuance, and when it is come where it should be, then must it be resolued, and not driuen backe.

Soarenesse.

I pray thee gentle Chirurgi, take in hand the cure of apostumations.

Chirurgi.

THE Prynce of the Philosophers, Aristotle sayth, contraries be, & pertayneth to one science, and doubtlesse, the cures of Apostu∣mations differ not, but in distaunce of more and lesse: for thys cause, must I wrastle earnestly, that the knowledge of natures, & simples escape you not, for why, the more yee shall excell herein, the better shall you forme your Medicines, for the Pacientes behooue, who haue ioyned themselues to our company: now to obtayne thys purpose, ye shall aduisedly looke whether the apostumations fal in a body ful of humours,* 1.62 or voyde of the same. If they happen in an empty body, yee shall recken it long of some cause primatiue, whose cure must bee in drawing forth y^e mat∣ter, wyth resolutiues, or softning medicines: you shall resolue, if you apply colde and binding thinges together wyth hoat and moyst: with colde you must restrayne, & keepe it of, if any part of choller were approching, by rea∣son of dolour, & with binding, you shal comfort the member, as I sayde be∣fore, according to the sentence of Galen, in that hoat things, cause the relen∣ting of the matter: finally, vse moystening of the same, that y^e poares har∣den not, nor be coagulated or stopped, & this speedely must be done at y^e be∣ginning,

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afterward if it take not place, as I haue sayd: What haue you to say, in any other matter?

Soarenesse.

Shew mee some holsome medicine, for Apostumations, I pray you?

Chirurgi.

* 1.63I Shall compounde this medicine, for an example. R. Iuyce of Houslike, and Lettice, ana. ℥.j. Oyle of Roses, and Ca∣momell. ana. ʒ.j.ss. oyle of Mirtes. ʒ.x. Egges in number .ij. Swynge all these wyth the Yolkes, and Whites, vnto sutch time, as they be well incorporated, and then apply it in linnen. Eyther thus. R Bole Armoniacke, Acacia. ana. ℥.j. oyle of Roses, Mirte, Camomell. ana. ℥.j.ss. Beane meale ℈.j. dust of Mir∣telles, and of Cipers nuts. ana. ℥.ss. wyth a little Waxe, all which must be incorporated at the fyre, and applyed to the soare place. Further, for the re∣soluing, of an hoat apostumacion, of what cause so euer that it come of, ye shall apply this, whych the learned haue greatly cōmended, & in very deed, I euer founde it, as they haue sayd, th'order of it was thus. R. Heades of white Lillies.* 1.64 ℥.v. rootes of y^e Marishe Mallowes. l i.j. Camomel, Mel∣lelot. ana. M.ss. and a handfull of Bran, seathe all these in Water, till they be throughly sodden, and then strayn, and presse theym, as the Cooke doth cōmonly grated bread, when he maketh his potage, putting it into a clene pan, vnto the which, yee shal put oyle of Roses, of Camomill, of Dill, & of Lillyes ana. ℥.ij. of the mary of Calues, or Cowes legges, and of Capōs grease. ana. ℥.j. of whyte Waxe. ℥.ss. of the soft aples, roasted in hoat Em∣bers, if they may be gottē. ℥.iij.ss. Let al these be melted together, wyth y^t, whych was searsed at a soft fyre, & bee boyled, by y^e space of halfe an houre, wrought alwayes, that it be diligently stirred all the whyle, and this wyll be a Cerote, whereby yee shall get profite, and commendations. Another also in forme of a Cataplasme, more strong for the same purpose. Take the meale of Lyn••seede, & Fenigreeke. ana. ℥.iij. y^e meale of Orobus. ℥.i. floures of Chamomill, Mellilote, Elder. ana. P.ss. red Rose leaues. ℥.ii. floures of Dill. ℈.iiij. pouder of Ireos of Florence. ℥.ss. boyle these in Wyne & Ho∣ny, or in the Iuyce of Smalledge. Anon adde of the dragges of oyle, and of oyle of Lillyes. ℥.iiij. oyle of Uyolets. ℥.ii. and so frame a Cataplasme. Now if the apostumations, will not be ruled, and geue place to a resolu∣tiue, for so it fareth oftentimes with them, then prepare mollificatiues, or softning medicines, whych may bee made two wayes, wyth Embrocaci∣ons, or plasters.

Soarenesse.

I pray you tell me, whych is the best way or meanes, to make an Embrocacion?

Chirurgi.

AN Embrocation, is made after this maner. R. Of a decoction of Mallowes,* 1.65 Uyolets, Barly, Quince seede, Lettice leaues. l.v. of Barly meale. ℥.ii. oyle of Uyolets, and Roses. ana. ℥.i.ss. of But∣ter. ℥.i. and then seeth them all together, till they be like a broathe,

Page 13

puttyng therto, at the ende foure yolkes of Egges, and the manner of ap∣plying, is with peeces of cloth, dipped in the foresayd decoction being actu∣ally hoate, which must be often chaunged one after an other, by the space of one thyrd part of an howre: This wil allay, and abate the payne, and cause resolucion, drawing forth the matter into the Skin. Such decoctions may be also made, of a Wethers Hed or other fleshe, so that the Brothe be ••atte, howbeit, this shal be according to thyne intent, whether thou meane the rypyng, or the resoluyng of it▪ immediatly after the imbrocasion, let this or the lyke plaster follow. R Of Leaues, of Mallowes, Uiolets, and Lettise ana. M.i. and afterward they shalbe sodden, brayed, & s••arsed, make an hard plaster therof at the fyre, with Barly Meale putting therto. ℥ ii.ss, of oyle of Uiolets, and ℥.ss. of Butter, this done, take it of the ••yre, and then incorpo∣rate the yolkes of three Egges, and so apply it to the soare, now if he be loth to take so much payne, and thynk plasteryng sufficient appoynte: the Paci∣entes fryendes to vse this. R. of crummes of breade l.i.ss, let it be steped in a decoction of Mallowes, Uiolettes, and Lettice, or in a Bro••he of Ueale, or Mutton: it may be done to with Ewes or Goats milke, hoate from the dugges. Finally, let it be pressed, and stamped, and drawen round in a mor∣ter, and then softe, it with Oyle of Uiolettes, and Roses. ana. ℥.i.ss. and of Butter. ℥.i. with a ℈.i.ss. of Saffron. After let the whole bee thicked at the fyre alittle, and then put the yolkes of twoo Egges to it: or els take the lea∣ues of Mallowes, and Uiolettes, of euery of them, one handfull, & so boile, and stampe them togeather, with Boares grease, and vse these hardly. For one of these I assure youe, shall rype a Cholerycke apostumacy∣on, which thinge ye shal perceiue by the softnesse in feelyng, and by ea∣syng of the payne, as Auicen sayth, Cum videris lenitatem quandam & sedationē doloris, tunc scias quod scit in via ad maturationem: When thou seest a certain soft∣nes and delaying of payne, then thou mayst know it is in the way of riping: now when the place is ready to be launced, aboue al things s••e the inscision and the opening be made alongest, with the lying of the heares, & sinewes for why, nothing wil be done more better, to cause a Cicatrice.* 1.66

Soarenes.

This is very wel sayd: Now I pray you tel me how you make an Incision?

Chirurgi

AN Incision must be made in the lowest parte, so that the matter may the better auoyde: in especially, if any humour do vse to fal to that part,* 1.67 from whence issues would most naturally fall from. Oft we conduct them, by their conue∣nient regions, as sayth deuyne Hippocrates, and thincision must bee made, as it lyketh the learned, after a halfe or croked moone, except, the place be synewes, for if it bee so, then muste it bee made alongest with the course of them. For why if I would open it ouer∣thwart, I myght cutte some synew a sunder in working: immediatly vppō

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the incision, the place must be couered with Lynt, dipped and wette in the whyte of an Egge: Neuerthelesse before yee so dooe, yee shall fyll the hole of the appostumation wyth a Tente, made of the same moysted lin••e••, to thintent the matter gush not out, al at ones, which thing if it were suffred, and the Apostumation, great, the vertue natural, wil bee muche assembled therby, wheras we ought most warely to saue the same, that it be suffici∣ent to feede the place, and worke rightly. For as Mesue following the mynd of Galen, sayth it is nature who worketh health: the Phisition is but hir ser¦uant. This also must be wel remembred, and had in consideration, in a place apostumated,* 1.68 whether the apostumation, fall in a fleshye or synewye place. For when there doth ryse a knot in a synewy place, there looke to be opened before it be ful rypened, lest any sinew shoulde rotte by meanes of corruption, but in the other, by reason of the freshnesse therof. Wee may a∣••yde the perfyte riping, sithe we be moued by no inconuenience, to open it ••efore tyme, which thing is not to be permitted in the other without some good cause. Now when ye haue wel fylled and couered the incision, let it a∣lone, and meddle no more with it, for the space of xxiiii. howers, and when that tyme is expyred, ye shal visite the apostumation, with a digestiue made of yolkes of Egges, and Terebinthyne., in continuinge the same, twoo, or ••hree tymes. vntil you see more or lesse, accordinge as necessitye in digesti∣on shal shew you. At the end ye may finish the cure, with an abstersiue min∣gled of Barly meale Terebintyne, & Rosed Hony. But if it shalbe hollowe as it is often seene) we geue you this abstersiue in that behalfe.* 1.69 R. of Ro∣sed Hony, strayned. ℥.i.ss. of cleare Terebinthine. ℥.ii.ss. of y^e iuyce of smallage ℥.ss. let them boyle, til y^e iuice be wasted, afterwards whiles it is yet warme put therto, ii ℥.ss. of Barly flower, and mingle theym togeather, which yee maye kepe, til nede shal requyre, for the cure.

Soarnes.

What if proude, dedde, or rotten putrifyed fleshe, chaunce to be in the sore, or aposiumation, what remedye then?

Chirurgi

IN dede often times there groweth dead flesh in such pla¦ces. I haue therfore here to say howe the same must be displaced and remoued,* 1.70 certaynlye my selfe did euer vse in remouing of superfluous, and festered fleshe the mixt oyntmentes, which were compounded of Vnguentum apostolorum and Egiptiacum of lyke portions, and if the part had byn very sensible, I vsed the pouder, whiche y^e old auncient Chirurgians did vse to remoue such flesh ouer and vpon that yee shall aply this oyntment, which the old auncient Chirurgians, had in vre It is descrybed after this manner, ••. Oyle of Roses, of Camomell, ana. ℥.iii. of fat Weathers. ℥.iiii. of fat Calues. ℥.iii. of the mary of a Cowes huckel bone. ℥.ii of Lytharge of gold, and syluer, ana. ℥, i ss. of Ceruse: ℥.ss. of Uermi∣lion. ℥ iii. of Terebintyne ℥.iiii. of new Waxe. ℥.ii. mingle al these together ac∣cording to the arte. And let them boyle fyrst at a soft fyre, encreasinge and

Page 14

fortefiyng the same after a season, and so boile and ster it withall, and so do it, til it get a very blacke hue, and thus haue you an oyntment to spreade on the soare, lyke a Cerote. But I saw one thing comminge to remēbraunce, that may not wel be forgotten, by reason of y^e fearfulnes, of a certayn faint harted man, dwellyng hereby, now this whyte liuered Lad, that I speake of, was excedingly tormented with an apostumation, which needed ope∣ning howbeit, he cold abyde any thyng, rather than the openinge thereof, with an instrument. When I perceiued the importunity of the man. and the necessity of the worke. I rotted y^e apostumation with a potential cautery which we made after this sorte. I tooke a cuppe ful of the best Sope lye, y^e fyrst destilled forth from the stepefat men term it the mother lye, and cast it into a brasen cauldron. with a dragme of Romaine vitriole, which I cau∣sed to boyle, til all the lye was clean wasted, and then gathered I the fome, and frothe whiche remayned therof for my purpose, and truely this is so ef∣fectually in wryting, that it semeth to worke sodenly the acte,* 1.71 and seeynge the worke began to receiue profit. when as the colour of the place began to bee darke and blacke. This is to be vsed in the tyme, when the paciente is very feble. But or euer it was applyed, I meane the Cautery, the hole apo∣stumation was couered with a peece of Leather, least that the, Cauterie should perse or hurt some other place, than that which I did intend to med∣dle w^t al: And further, that a hole be made in y^e middes of y^e same leather, And further to annointe y^e leather w^t som oyntment, & in the same hole, to apply the sayde Cauterye. And then with annother peece of Leather to couer the hoale, and so let it stand by the space of one hower and a halfe. close co∣uered, and then remoue the Cauterie, and then apparell the place wyth a plaster as followeth. R. Leaues of Mallowes, and Uiolets. ana one hand∣ful, let them be boyled and stamped, puttynge thereunto. ʒ.ii of Barrowes grease, of Butter. ℥.ss of leauen. ℥ iii. &. ℈.i. of Saffron, mingle all togeather, & plaster wyse, lay it to the place, for this will remoue an hard crust and delay the payne.

Another cautery to open a sore, vsed by good Surgions. Take of sower Leauen ℥.ss. onions rosted vnder the Emeres. ℥ ii. pigions dunge, and hemp∣seede. ana. ℥.i. snayles in number, iii. blacke sope, swynes grease as muche as wil suffyce, make hereof a little plaster, as broade as a groat and lay it vpon y^e top or heade of the soare, & lay a broader resoluyng plaster ouer it. Chal. Now when the crust shalbe remoued, the vlcer must be cured, as it was afore declared. Hetherto haue we talked of Apostumations, chauncinge in clean bodies, Now because ther goeth one by, by whom I may wel certify my frende of my trauel: I pray you beare with me, for a while and with al speede possible when I haue done, I will retourne to you a-gayn. For I intend to fynish oure communication, and speake of the Appostumations which hurte Bodyes, that bee replete of Humours foule & paynfull. &c.

Soarenes.

SOmetyme an apostumation, is placed in a grosse foule Bodyes, ful of humours, in such a case, what is then to be done, mayster Chirur∣gian, I pray you?

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Chirurgi

THen aboue al things, my dere frend. you must do your diligence to laboure and trauel,* 1.72 more then youe did in my Primatiue cause. And for the cure therof it is very necessarye, that you set fowre intentions dilligently before your eien, and sixe thin∣ges not naturall.

Soarenes.

Which are they I pray you hartely tel me?

Chirurgi.

FIrst, that you order your pacientes lyfe, accordinglye: and to bryng the humour to iust equality.

* 1.73Secondly, to purge the euil humours which do main∣teine the apostumations hurt, or offence.

Thirdly, to remoue the cause coniunct or knitte to the same thinges, accordingly.

Fourthlye, to correct and amende euil accidentes, if a∣ny be in place.

Fiuethly, thynges not naturall. as ayre, meate and drinke, sleeping, and wakinge, reste, euacuation, repletion and accidentes of the mynde, as ire care. &c. All these must bee ruled with dilligence accordinge to the ebbinge and flowing of the matter, whether the cure do seeme easy or harde, to that end, y^t very spedy worke may be made with wysedome, and the cure quickly fynished. Also, that the belly may be relaxed, and losed of y^e humour whiche doth most abounde. Furder, that the appostumation be workmanly laun∣ced. And here must you chiefly obserue, that no local medecine bee applyed before the whole body be clensed and well purged of that humour, which doth most offence to nature.* 1.74 For in so doing, mischiefe wil ensue to the paci∣ent, and reproache to the Chirurgian: whiche may rather be compted a mur∣derer, than a man belper in such cases, wherof I haue spoken in the reper∣cussyue. &c. So note that I geue you warning, to obserue dilligently to lo∣syng of the belly, in al these causes. And furder, kepe of y^e matter with reper∣cussyues, as example.

R. Oyle of Roses, Bole armoniacke, the three Sanders, with the white and the yolke of an Egge,* 1.75 or els with this. Take Mallowe leaues, Uiolet leaues ana. M.i. Wormwood, Red Roses ana. M.ss. Barly meale ℥.i. Lin∣t••ll meale, ℥.i.ss. Oyle of Chamomel, seeth such thinges as ought to be sod∣den▪ and lette them bee strayned, then mingle them togeather, makinge a soft plaster at the fyre according to the art. This is a medecine of that great learned Manne Auicen his owne inuention for resolution, and com∣forting the member as it may verye easely be perceiued,* 1.76 if you marke well the receyptes. Nowe if these be found sufficiente, feare not to practise, dis∣comfort not at all: But perhaps you shall fynde some matter, very slimye or toughe, to stronge for this in such case doe thus. Take the Leaues of

Page 15

Mallowes, and Uiolets, ana. M.i. rootes of whyte Lillies. ℥.ii. rootes of Marche Mallowes ℥.iii. boyle al togeather,* 1.77 stampe and streine them with a stronge strayner, or Colender, into a Kettle, whereunto put fresh Butter ℥.ii. Swynes grease ℥.i.ss. seeth them and make a plaster in a stone morter: Or els do this, Take rootes of whyte Lillies. ℥.iii. rootes of Marish Mal∣lowes. ℥.ii. and rotes. of Garden Mallowes, and rootes of Uiolets, ana. M.ss. seeth them soft, stamp them and streine them, wherunto put Capons grease ℥.i. fresh Butter ℥.ii. Barowes grease. ℥.i.ss. sower Leauen ℥.iii. Barly meale, as much as shal suffice. ℈.i, of Saffron, and make therof with the for¦mer decoction, a conuenient plaster, apply it to the sore place accordinglye.

Soarenes.

What is then to be done, after this busines, I pray you mayster Chirurgian.

Chirurgi

WHen you be come to this poynt, do your feat hardely with aunce in hand, trimble not: discomfort not your selfe▪ nei∣ther your paciente, but open thapostumation. Some what in the form of a new Moone croked and when that is done, vse the maner of digestion, and abstertion in maner as I haue said. But as concerning y^e makinge sound & the skynning, vse y^e medecin which is compoun∣ded of Uermiliō. ℥.i. oyle of roses & Mirtes, ana. ℥.i.ss. This is of good effect in causyng of a cicatrice, cut or scar, if y^e place be annointed w^t water of plā∣ten, rose water, hony of roses, & a little Allume: it shal be very cōfortable,* 1.78 w^t a soft Sponge to moyst the place: and thus haue the old auncient men, e∣uer vsed among their miserable pacientes. Then there is an other intention which is very good: which is to amend euil accidentes, which comber, mo∣lest and vexe apostumations often tymes. For if the pacient be longe vexed with such euil accidentes, the vertue naturall will then decaye, and bee quickly ouerthrowen:* 1.79 wherof wil follow incontinently great daunger and much hindraunce to the cure of the same, that in fyne it shall bee scant cu∣rable: whiche accidentes bee these two, the one is called extreme dolour or payne, the other is darkenes, and deadly blacke complexion of the same Place: these twoo bee nere hande desperate cures,* 1.80 and moste daunge¦rous to bee helped, in all Appostumations: But commonlye these Accidentes, are founde onelye to bee the cause of euill Chirurgians necligences.

Soarenes.

What moueth the Chirurgian thus to doe? I pray you tel me?

Chirurgi

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WHen y^e matter in the apostumation, was already rype, & flitting and after the same shoulde quickly haue bene expulsed or auoi∣ded by inuisible transpiration which is one of the forces,* 1.81 or be∣nefytes of nature. Then the ignoraunte Chirurgian: ministreth forth with repercussiues, which draue backwarde, and pressed the water so fast in the place, that these accidentes did ensue of necessity. Wherfore I shal exorte thee my dere frend, seyng thou arte mynded, to en∣ter into the worthy ministery of this worke, which is not onelye profitable to thy selfe, but also beneficial to the common wealth. That thou do vse repercussiues, namely in the paynful places, that may be the occasion of ry∣ping of the matter, for feare that otherwise thou repent thee, for when mat¦ter is ones placed, then neede we not but to open the pores, whiche thinge euery man may do very easely, if he do resort to the repercussiues afore dis∣crybed.

Soarnes

SIr, if in case these accidentes wherof you haue spokē, be in this daū¦gerous peril, it should seeme then, eyther to be in the fault of the chi∣rurgian, or els in the malice of the humour: what is then to be don?

Chirurgi

YOu shal make a plaster with these medecines following, which the great learned men themselues, haue vsed vnto their pacientes. R, of hulled Beanes, or Beaneflower that is without the branne. l, i. of Mallow leaues. M.ii: Sethe them in lye, til they be wel sodden, and afterwarde, let thē be stamped and incorporated with meale of Lint,* 1.82 or flaxe, ℥.iiii of Lupyne meale ℥.ii: and forme therof a plaster, with Goats grease, for this openeth the pores auoydeth the matter by transpira∣tion, and comforteth also the member: but if the place after a daye or twoo after the application of the plaster, fall more and more to blacknes, it shalbe necessary to goe further, euen to scarisying and incision of the place, accor∣ding as it may suffer. Certaynly these are such accidentes, that wil not so-easely be displaced, as I haue talked of, but requyre most prudent and circū¦spect dilligence, of the Phisitions. Therfore who so wil com vnto this art should dwel no smal whyle with a lerned Chirurgian, to this end, that he may both learne his sayinges and doinges,* 1.83 and obserue the same, and haue them euer in mynd, that he may euer be able to trauice the ayre. with his owne: propper winges, without the helpe of others. And not be as a blind guyde, neither apt to leade, nor tract the way himselfe, according to profit art,* 1.84 and knowledge. For in so doing he shalbe lyke vnto an vnconning ship∣mayster, which bryngeth his Ship to ruine, rockes or wrack, so shal he fy∣nish his course with shame, and his pacient with death. Therfore when the place is scarifyed, let it be done both quickly and sodenly, then lay vpon the same scarification bay Salt. After this is done, than applye this folo∣wing in good order.

R. Of B••anemeale, and of Orobus. ana. ℥ vi of Lupine meale. ℥.iiii. And boyle them in Oximel vnto such tyme as they shal be plaster thicke, and af∣ter

Page 16

apply them to the place, or els plaster it with beanes and Lupines, boy∣led in Barbery lye, and afterward strained and stamped in a morter. Now perchaunce, if ye see euil and corrupte fleshe in the place, ye shal nede no fur∣ther councel in that behalfe.* 1.85 But incontinent annoynt the place with Vn∣guentum Egyptiacum, which must be made after the mynd of Auicen.

R. Uertdegrece, Roche Alume, Honye, Uineger. ana, q.ss. that is, as much as wil suffice, sethe them vntil they come into a red coloure, and with this oyntment you shal exasperate, and sharp the place by the space of two or thre dayes, notwithstanding, if you shal nede, you maye iterate or often apply the same, vntil the fame come to an escarous crust or scabb and make seperation▪ which must not be roted vp by any instrument. but rather may be renued with one of the mollificatiues, specially yong hogs grease, as it is aforesayd, and when this is fallen of, the same vlcer must bee cured, as all other vlcers are, wherof I shal geue you furder vnderstandinge hereafter Now you do perceiue how putrifaction ought and must bee handled, but in the meane whyle, foresee with wisdome, that this euil be preuented, & auoyde the same, for when a cure is not wel handled, or is cast awaye, thē it is to late to call againe yesterday. Prayer or weping in this case wil scant preuayle in the Chirurgians behalfe. Now consequently, after I haue spo∣ken of the asswaging or mittigating of the doloure and payn of apostuma∣cion, which oppresseth nature, as the prince of Philossophy called Aristotle,* 1.86 affyrmeth saying: doloure and payne be the euils, that do dissolue, and vt∣terly destroy the humayne nature of Mankynd: ie semeth necessarye that in due order, som wholsom way be taken, to helpe this daungerous matter, and to auoyde the doloure.

Soarenes.

What is best to auoyde the doloure.

Chirurgi.

NOthing truely, but artificially to alter and chaunge an euill com∣plexion, so that it come not by stoppinge of the matter or by the breach of continuance, or corrosion, for then such griefe would aske other succours, for where as dolour is fallen, there doth plainly appeare a soden alteration of complexion in that part, as Galen affyrmeth.* 1.87

Therfore if you wil make any alteration in nature, inuent some apte pro∣per medecine, for the same purpose: as for example. Take Oile of Roses. ℥.ii the yolke and whites of .ii. Egges new laied, beate them al togeather, and apply thē to y^e place, then the next day following in the morning, applye this in place or steade of the former. Take crummes of whyte bread, sodden in Goates or sheepes milke: or els breade sodden in the brothe of a Chicken: or els you may take a weathers head sodden frō the bones, which you must presse through a cotten cloth from the same sodden flesh, saue halfe a pynte of the decoction, vnto which decoction, then adde Hony of Roses, and oile of Camomel, ana. ℥, i.ss. w^t yolkes of new layed Egges. Al these must be beatē together & recocted, or sodden againe. vppon a soft fyre vntil such tyme as it be somwhat stiffe, when this is don, aply it warme to the dolours pained

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place, accordingly. This also that followeth is vsed to the same purpose. Take rootes of Holioke ℥.ii Mallowes, violets, ana. M.ss. Chamomil, redde rose leaues. ana. p.ss. boyle them wel, and slampe them togeather. Adde vnto these when they be so stamped, of fresh Butter. ℥.ii. oile of roses, & vio∣lets ana. ℥.iii. make therof a Cataplasme, and apply it as warme as may be suffred.

Soarenes.

WHat if this medecines preuayle not, what shal I do then good mai¦ster Chirurgian:* 1.88 For I haue hard say, that one medecine woorketh not health in euery complexion, but choise is good.

Chirurgi.

THen you shal vse this which followeth. For often tymes ex∣treame doloure and paynes of very necessitye, shall require mollifications, without daunger, wherein there may be put such cooling thinges, as wil not hynder mollification: thus Prince Auicen sheweth in his Chapiter de flegmone, therefore do thus.

Take Mallowes, Uiolets. ana M.i. seeth them, and bray them, and put in them ℥ ii. of Barly meale, of Oyle of Roses, ℥.iiii. and eftsoones seeth thē agayne vntil they be in the forme of plaster thicke, which in case serue not yet the purpose, note this other.

Take of Fenicreke, meale of Lintseedes, of flowers of Camomel, of hens fatte melted, of Rosed Oyle. ana. ℥.iii. let al these. (the Oyles and fattes on¦ly excepted) be mingled and sodden togeather with the decoctions of Mal¦lowes, and violets, vnto such tyme, as they be thickned, to make a plaster. This done, warme the oyle and fat, and incorporate the same, with a little oyle of Camomel, and of Dil, and so make it to a plaster. This will open the pores, and hard pressed matter, which causeth the payne. Now if it bee in the augmēting of a malady: in this case, ye shal make it after this ••orme.

Take oyle of Roses, and of Camomil, ana. ℥.i ss. the yolkes of twoo Egges. ℥.ss. of Barly meale or more, which yee shal shake wel togeather, and so laye it to the place. This suppose I sufficient for the appeasyng of doloure: if not you of your owne head, by these may inuent new and other confections, to the behofe of your pacientes, and your owne contentation. Sith I haue dispatched this, I wil retourn to an hardened apostumation, which truly myght haue bin omitted wel ynough, y^e matter being so manifest & playne.

Neuertheles, I will recite here, what y^e learned haue vsed in this case, be∣cause I woulde not mayme my communication••. Certaynlye this in¦uention shal Minyster, diuers fetches and causes, wherein Menne may employ there wittes. Howbeit (according as Mesue wryteth de lassitu∣dine post purgationem, we wyll conuert our intent, to the cause of hardnes to y^e intent we may cut it of. For as he saith, this is the right way in cures, & y^e foresight in working Wherfore, if it appeare y^t the place tend to hardnes, or euer it come to that poynct, & be fixed, it may be redressed thus. Take .x. fat Figges, of rootes of Marish Mallowes smally chopped. ℥.vi. Seeth them well, and then Bray them wyth. ℥.ii. of Barrows grease, putting thereto a lyttle Saffron, wherewyth couer the place, whych yee woulde soften.

Page 17

and ye shal not fayle of the purpose. But if it were so,* 1.89 that the pray escaped your wittes, or miste your fyngers, you may be sure to entrap it with this.

Take of Terebyntin medled and wel incorporated with Butter and this doutles shal serue your purpose. But or euer it be applyed, the place must be prepared and often made moyst, for ryping of the matter, with bloud warm water. Now when it commeth in rotting, open the place with a potentiall Cautery, or with some other fetch or meane, forseyng alway that it be done according to the rules aboue mentioned.* 1.90 In fyne when it is opened proceed in the cure, as in other.

These be the thinges, which I had this day, to say, which though they be not so fynely vttered, ne liuely declared, as happely ye Looked for: ye shall beare with my simplicity, in that behalfe, For I neuer bestowed laboure in Oratorye (as I thinke ye perceiue right well) to attein vnto eloquence. And so wher I am simple and playn my selfe, I haue handled such things, as I had to say w^t semblable simplicity & plaines: which if it like you also I shal right gladly recite vnto you after the same order & maner, such things as we haue to vtter of woundes. Now if I haue stombled or missed anye where. I pray you correct it, so if it bee worthy of correction▪* 1.91 And on the o∣ther side, if any thinge praise worthy, be com to light, offer and ascribe that to the liuing God (as I said in the beginning of our communication.) That we may in our selfe, verify the saying of the Poet: Ab Ioue principium, nam sunt Iouis omnia plena. Of God take thinges their beginning, for by him are al replenished, whose name be blessed for euer, Amen

Soarenes.

You haue handled your selfe very eloquently & freshly inough to day, also you haue geuen vs cuppes of knowledge, able to quench the thurst of better men then we are. And I assure you no man maye greatly wonder at it, seyng we are enuirōned on euery syde, with such gen∣tle humanity, and brotherly loue of each others. Wherefore we pray vnto God that for this your gift, he wil prosper you and your cures and long pre∣serue you in health, to the behoue of youre countrye, and frendes. For you haue quenched our thirst▪ aboue expectation, with worthy communication, and medicines. But to geue you warning, I pray you hast hither to morow with as greate and quicke speede, as ye canne passe, after yee haue visited your cures, to the entent ye may paye vs your promise at full not without many thankes. Now therefore syth then of your part time moueth you, to tend your cures, departe in good time, & remember vs, For wee sore people minde to repayre hether agayn tomorow, to heare you, althoughe the wea∣ther be very colde.

Chirurgi

GOe yee on in the name of God, & doubt not, but that I am yours, and all theirs, whych be eyther sicke, or soare, to help them, to my power.

Soarnes

IT be falleth oftētymes if any good or euil hang ouer mens heads: the deuine mynd of man, hath an inkling, & a smattering therof,* 1.92 or euer it come to effect, whych thing is verefyed in our selfe this day.

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For where we feared losse of tyme, we haue vaynly spent all the day in lo∣king hether and thether, for you mayster Chirurgian. And al this togeather is done for you, wherfore to say trueth we charged you with the matter, and spake liberally of you, Now therfore if ye recompence it not with dilligence. we wil lay al the burthen in your necke, because we haue taried so long for you this daye.

Chirurgi

DOe you herein as you thinke good For I am all togeather yours, and would that you al were helped, specially, because ye begin playnly to shew your grieues. And this will I doe gladlye, omittyng the definition, in as much, as it lyketh you so wel: notwithstandyng, that al auncient Authors in wry∣tyng of matters, thought it beste to begyn at the difinition But yet they as I thinke, were of that mynde, and opinion, wher the mat∣ter was straunge and darke, and where it could not be wel perceiued, but by y^e difinition only, which gaue some light to it. And of truth so ought they to doe, wher cloudy darknesse, and crabbish knottes, require light and ope∣ning by the difinition, which thinge, as I trust, shal not happen in my plain woordes. For I intende to speake of woundes, whiche to all menne be as playne as a packstaffe.* 1.93 For it is geuen men of nature, warely to auoyde all noyance, and as much it feareth them also to be hurte. I say that woundes be manifest to all men. And if it were otherwyse with them, I mighte well ynoughe begin my communication, at this diffinition of woundes. For it were easely sayd,* 1.94 that a wounde is a breach of continuance, newlye made, in an harde or softe part of the body, being without putrifaction and corrup¦tion. Now therfore, syth there appeareth no commodity curatyue to ryse therof, I Thinke it best to passe it with silence: notwithstanding, if you bee desyrous of it, the saying, which is rehersed may serue the purpose. And now to begin the matter playnly, I suppose. I may laye the foundacion best in the deuision of woundes.

Soarenesse.

YOu haue rightly iudged. But sir my desyre is, that ye wil begyn whereas I may heare one long profitable tale, of the whole matter, and I wil occupy myne eares and kepe silence.

Chirurgi

I was mynded the same my selfe also.

Soarenes.

WEl, go on then, and speake to the purpose▪ without interrupting of your talke, vnlesse where necessitye shal cause you to pause, or breath your selfe good mayster Chirurgian,.

Chirurgi.

Page 18

I Heard my frendes and bretheren say, that there were two kyndes of woundes which doo no lesse differ in name, than in their cures,* 1.95 The one Men call a symple wounde, the other double or compounded. The symple is where no substaunce is lost, and is ensounded & cu∣red with one intencion alone. And of this, wee shall make no further adoe, because of the facillity therof. For why? Coblers, Carters, and women bee able to cure such woundes. Now that which is properly called a cōpounded▪woūd is where some substaunce is lost, and necessarily requyreth dyuers intenti∣ons in the cure, as thus. To vnite that which was seperated, to restore that was lost, and to displace an apostumation, if it bee concurraunt with the same. But here note, that amonges woundes, some be vncurable. And it is not inconuenient to begin at the harte, as the cheefe Forte and principal part of the body,

Then we say, that euery wounde, annoying and perishing the substance of the harte, it is deadly and vncurable. For why as Auicen sayth the harte duryng the natural lyfe, may not suffer any breache of continuance. And therfore to knit vp much in one knot, such woundes as geue let,* 1.96 and im∣peachment, to the vertue, which is necessary to lyfe, take mankynd away, without remedy. As woundes in the substaunce of the Brayn: of the wind pype. of the wessand: of the Lunges: of the Liuer: of the Gaule, of the Mi¦dryfte, of the Maw: of the Spleen: of the smal guttes: of the kidneis, and bladder: and generally all such woundes, which perce through the bulk and inward partes, be very daungerous. Because the inward parts be altered by mouyng of the ayre from out forth. and the spirites be offended within,* 1.97 and the vertu natural, which maynteineth lyfe, is destroyed. And the rea∣son why, is that, when these partes be wounded, they be most hardly helped by reason of their continual mouinge and labourynge. And when this may not be made whole, they be notable, ne sufficient to do their offices, requi∣site to nature.

Now must we speake somwhat of woundes, that happen in muskelles, and lacertes. For they may be thought as daungerous, as the foresayd,* 1.98 For as in the one, be manifest tokens of death, so in y^e other be Prognosticable signes, for men enflamed with high and diuine foresight.* 1.99 For a wound in a Muscle doth much lyke a woode Snake, which lyeth in wayt for men out of their way, lurkyng vnder the greene flowers, where he putteth them y^t go by in doubt or hasard of their lyfe. Therfore my frends let vs reasō som∣what of them also, y^t they leade vs not forth w^t vayne hope, and oppresse vs amonge other, as careles, & ydle heads. Wherfore we suppose that woūds chauncing .3. fingers aboue and beneath,* 1.100 the heads of y^e Muskels or lacertes nigh vnto the ioints, be exceding daungerous: and that pricking of synewes do often cause conuultions, by reason of the great fealyng and felowshippe y^t thei haue w^t the brain. Wherin y^e saying of Hippocrates▪ apeareth true who saith, y^t a spasme or cōuulsiō chaūcing vpō a woūd, is mortal for y^e most part

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Wherefore the woundes in such partes must be handled warely, and wyth aduysed deliberation. For why, they wil to notablye hynder the Chirurgian his estimation, if he prognosticate warely of the same to them that stād by: which thing truly had befallen to my selfe, when I promised a man his life, had not I bene admonished by mayster Rasis, who secretly and wittely, vn∣knowen to al the family, pluckt me by the elbow, and warned mee, wyth these or lyke wordes in effect. And then the pacientes strength was agre∣able to health, and no apostumation rysen, but he slept as he ayled nothing at all. Consider with thy selfe, sayth he, as thou dost lightly alway, the sig∣nes whiche induce conuultion in woundes. Whereas there appeareth no swellinge in the soare, in good fayth, I conceiue an euil opinion in, the pa∣tientes life, which I haue gotten me, with long obseruation. For the mat∣ter which should come forth, to the payned place, is supped vp of the syne∣wes. Wherfore I se a conuultion euen at hand, For if the matter, thoughe it were lyttle (for in much it fareth lyke) had issued and gathered to y^e place it would geue me occasion to thinke wel of him. For it shoulde signify, that the matter did relinquish the synewes, and draw outwarde.

* 1.101Now in asmuch as it remayneth, as a sleepe within, surely I thynke euil of it: and truly, it was marueilously sayd of him. For, or euer the fifth daye came, the man gaue vp the breath, by reason of a spasme or Crampe, wher at I was greatly abashed▪ reseruyng the sygnes in memorye, and mynde hereafter as I also aduyse you to doe. Yea, and if there bee any other els, worthy of obseruation, marke the veyne also diligently, that it may stand youe for steede, when neede shall requyre. For this wil require a vigilante Eye of the Chirurgian. Wherefore I appeale here to youre se∣crete hartes, and bid you beware, that ye disgrace not your selues thorow rashnes, but be rype in Prognostications, and circumspect in obseruinge of the tymes of your workinges, Both for one helpe and others.

Now all other woundes, these only excepted, which I haue recited, no doubt be curable, And as for the helpe of these that are curable. there are two principall found, the one by the fyrst intention, the other by the second. The latter is, wher deuyded partes are ioyned togeather through a portion of an other kynd of matter. As for an example

Bones are ioined, togeather, with a certayn hard matter, much lyke a bone but not a bone which is muche lyke to Alasarte. The other, when partes are ioyned togeather, with their lyke in kynd, as flesh with flesh. And these wayes, we must needes haue before our eyes, to the intent we minister not any thing in wounds, which we might afterward repent. Wherfore to auoyde these euils I iudge it best to begyn with suche thynges as may bee vsed generally, in all kynd of woundes, to helpe mankynde.

Soarenes.

For Gods sake shew mee the best manner of woundes,

Chirurgi.

Page 19

WHen ye haue determined, to take any sutch wound in hand, in∣continent remember to obserue these thyngs: that is to say, an order of the Lyfe, locall medicines, and amendment of euill ac∣cidentes. The fyrst, ye shal obtayne by due administracion of the sixe thynges, called not naturall. If the Chirurgian be ignoraunt therein, the Phisicians may rule the matter. For it belōgeth to them, to giue an order of lyuing, to bryng humours to a quality▪ to try out inward causes, of variable ebbyng and flowyng. And fynally to giue iust redresse of y^e same:* 1.102 which thyng for the most part, Chirurgians labour not to attain to, because the matter is so secretly hyd, as it were amonges stones, but onely by mea∣nes of couetousnes, and gready desyre of Chirurgians. For when they haue gotten onely a lyttle taste, without all excercise, vnder their maister, whych thing is mother to Artes, as Aristotle sayth: They take money hungerly, they seeke in hand, and rent theyr skin wyth theyr teeth, makyng no conscience at the matter at all. Now as touchyng the second, in applying of locall me∣dicines: ye shall not play, make or marre, ne go at all aduenture, as ye sought blyndfield. But perswade your self earnestly, that you made Argus, to bee your companion in the matter. For in case ye misse but a little, or negligent∣ly omit any necessary thing in the cure, ye shal fyrst bring your self into a peck of troubles, and after wyll ensue many inconueniences▪ as sayeth Aristotle: graunt one absurditie, and many inconueniences wyl follow. Wherefore, least thys do chaunce, it is good that ye loke narrowly on the matter, with aduised circumspection. Now therefore, when ye stand before the wounded, fyrst ponder wyth your selfe, how the wound was giuen, of what sorte it is, and how large a gash? For be the wound small and in a fleshy part, with∣out losing of substaunce, it may be cured onely with conuenable bindyng.* 1.103 But if it be great and deepe, first staunch the bloud, if any bee, wyth some medycine conuenient, as I shall declare hereafter, in the place of bleedyng and Ulcers. whereunto I referre thee at thys present. For there I entende to giue medicines, and meanes for that purpose. When the Bloud is stan∣ched, ye shall sew the wound, with a fyne thred, well twisted and waxed,* 1.104 be¦twene your fyngers. But or I speake of sewyng. I wyl recite certayn cau∣ses where sewing is daungerous, and therefore forbidden as vnprofytable. And then wyl I to my purpose again in order for your sake.

Soarenes.

I pray you shew me that order?

Chirurgi.

YOu shall fyrst remember, that wounds made, with any longe and round weapen, as an arrow or dart: must not for a few dayes, bee cured by the first intencion, notwithstanding they be cured partly by the fyrst. Some do say they be not cured, by the first, for why?* 1.105 We keepe thē open, least the matter be imprisoned here. For if it were so, wounds myghte incurre extreame dolour, by reason of alliance, wyth cordes and sinewes. And therefore we say plainly, they ought not to be shut vp in the first daies.

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For my selfe sawe thys in a valyaunt Captaine, at Barwicke, who had a wound in the Necke. And a certayn Phisicion toke the man in hand, and wylling to hast the helpyng of the wound, which ought to haue ben kepte open,* 1.106 he closed it vp wyth a seame: whereupon, the pacient fell into extreme paine, and as it were, into a continuall conuulsion, insomutch, that if a cun∣ning Chirurgian, called Pate Hardie, a Skot, had not put to hys Hand the soner, he had borne his owne message to y^e dead. But to our purpose, where I sayd, notwithstanding, they be cured by the fyrst intencion, this is vnder¦standed, that is where there is no lost substaunce, newly produced in them. For if there were,* 1.107 the cured should be after the secōd intencion. And where any substaunce is lost, and ought newly be produced, sewing shal be righte straunge and vntoward. For why, it can not otherwyse be well cured, but by the second.* 1.108 For nature seeketh euer restitucion of the lost part, wyth no lesse carefulnesse, than the mother her onely lost Sonne. Wherefore, if wee minde to restore that, we may not sowe vp the wound, or it be recouered. If the wound be deepe, and greatlie altered, by the receipt of the ayre, think of no sewyng.* 1.109 For matter is now secretly caused, by reasō of the ayre, which cryeth out for digestion, and abstersion. And if the impericke, whome yee know of, had thus handeled the matter, the honest man ye wote of, had ben yet a liue. For when he had taken a large gash in his Legge, and long had left it open to the ayre, thynking to be notablye well cured: caused a Chirur∣gian to be sent for, which immediatly in all the hast (a Gods name) seweth vp the wound. What wyll ye more? Immediatly after the sewyng, importa∣ble dolours did arise,* 1.110 and on the thyrd day, the legge was so feastred, that in the .vii, the man would needes take his Vltimum Vale, and say farewell to the lyuing. Now if the imperike had fyrst vsed digestion with abstersion, and then sewing of the wound: perchaunce the matter had not growen, to that extremitie of death. And in case the wound come by meanes of a bruse then attempt not to sew it. For without doubt, ye shal shortly perceiue, that ye labour in vayne.

Whereof Galen giueth vs a warning word, sayinge: that it foloweth of ne∣cessity,* 1.111 that a bruse should putrifie, and tourne to corruption. I adde, & vn∣derstand it, if it be an extreame bruse: for in a meane, it taketh no place. Therefore, if it be sewed, the seame wyll soone be corrupted. As wee sawe our selfe, a lusty young man, who came to see a Bull baityng in Parisse Garden, and fallen before the same, I wote not how, the Bull gaue hym in the thygh a rent, wyth the hornes. Now when a Chirurgian had taken hym in hand, incontinente he sewed the wound, whych putryfied ryght soone. And certainly, vnlesse maister Backter had helped it, I thinke assuredly, the man had dyed of it. Further we say, that sewyng is not good in a wound, caused by bityng of some beast. For a bytten place, is hollow and abated, or otherwise, somwhat sauoreth of the nature of a bruse. Howbeit, wee leaue this case to the good Chirurgians Iudgement. For partes seuered by by∣tyng may well bee ioyned wyth a threede, in some cases. Sewynge is to no purpose, where a Wounde vncouereth a Bone broken, or whole,

Page 20

for it wyl not haue adoe with ensoundyng through sewyng: except the dis∣couered be fyrst clad, and the second vnyted together agayn naturally.

Also a wound in a musculous place, specyally ouerthwart the Muskell,* 1.112 vtterly refuseth sewyng, as Auicen sayth in y^e chapiter of bynding of woūds in Lacertes and Muskelles. Or be it a Lacert, whych is rent in latitude, it is not drawen together, but rather some thyng is put betweene, leaste the skinne grow together. &c. Wherefore he would the wound went at large, whiles the cure is after the second intencion. The same do sinewie places desyre also, for if they be sewed, the Lyppes wyll grow to one, and the Sy∣newes vnder couerte, wyl caste reumetike matter, and shortly cause apo∣stumacion, so that ye shalbe driuen, whether ye wyl or no, to louse the seame or make a new incision. Therefore to auoyd this inconuenience, wee shall suffre sutch wounds, to run at large for a season: and so ye shall haue them, more tractable in handlyng. How bee it, here is a tedious disputacion mo∣ued. whether a cut sinewe should be sewed, or not. For there bee sundry opi∣nions, and aucthorityes of the learned, of the one side, and of the other. And verely, if I should dispute the matter, I would mayntayne both the opiny∣ons, although at this present, I assente wyth maister Ihon de Uigo, not for that I haue sworne, to say as he sayth, but because his words, seeme moste consonaunt to reason.

And to Auicen, where he sayeth, if the sinewes be broken in latitude, then it is necessary to sewe the wound: and if it be not sewed,* 1.113 the Wound wyll not grow together. Howbeit, I wyll omit the prosecution of this question sith it is not necessary vnto this treatise. But yet by the way, marke well the saying of Auicen, where he commaundeth to sew the wound of necessitye Certes, I, after Marianus would let it go open. But he meaneth of a large. wound, whych would cause great deformitye, if it be vnsewed. And lyke∣wyse, if it bee sewed, that there bee a great distaunce betwene stitch & stitch And on the other side, where I said, I would suffre it to be louse. I ment of a small wound, whych experience shall teach you to be true. Moreouer, ma∣ny dolorous and apostumated wounds, wyll none of sewing, which, what for the facilitie, and manifest apparance, needeth no further declaracion. For the cause is open to them, that wyll diligently consider the matter. These be the causes, where wee vse not to sewe Woundes,* 1.114 and bee wor∣thy to be put in memory. Now wyl I retourne, from whence I degressed. Now these cases excepted, sewe the wound, w^t a wel twisted thred, drawen through Waxe, as we sayd before, alwayes remembred that ye leaue some place open in the lowest part, where matter may haue issue forth. When yee haue so done, ye must apply this medicine, whych is mingled of the whyte of an Egge, and a lyttle Oile of Roses. Thys is done, because the Paciente should not greatly bee troubled, at the remouing. For ofttime is caused so great payne, namely in hearye places,* 1.115 that the pacyent seemeth to bee cram∣ped, or ••a••kt with conuulsiō▪ And let this remain .xxiiii. howers in y^e woūd if ye fear any bledīg. And whē this time is expired, visite your paciēt again, with a gladsome countenaūce, and whiles ye be merely talking wyth hym

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take of all the coueryngs, and then enbaulme it, with a degestiue of yolkes of Egges, and cleare Terebintine, layed in a cloth. But if the wound bee in the head, or any place of mutch feelyng, take Oile of Roses, in steede of Te∣rebintine, wherewyth proceede in the cure, tyl matter be caused in the place. And when that is done, set the degestiue a part. For if ye proceede further, it were but to put putrifaction, to putrifaction. Neuertheles, the brinkes of the wound, must be oyled wyth Rosed omphacine, that is Oile of Water Lyllies. After ye haue so visyted the wound, ye shall spred this defensiue, one hand bread from it.

* 1.116Take of Rosed Oyle. ℥, ii.ss. of all the Saunders ana. ʒ.ii. of Bole Armoniack ʒ.ii.ss. the white of an Egge, and a lyttle Uineger, if the wound be distaunt from a sinewie place, if not Wyne of Pomegarnettes, in steede of Uineger. All whych, cause to be drawen in a morter that it be at hand, when neede shall requyre. When ye haue thus proceeded fower or fyue dayes, thē must you gyue ouer the degestiue, and vse a mundyfication, which is thus myn∣gled Take of Rosed Hony, ℥.ii. of Terebintine. ℥.iii. let them seeth a lytle, put∣tyng thereto .i.ss. of Barly meale, with. ℈.i. of Saffron. All which must be in∣corporated at the fyre, and vsed the space of .viii. dayes, or there about, as is expedient. And as for the sounding, vse the oyntment, that I descrybed in a∣postumacions, wherewyth I ensound or make whole, almost all kynde o•• breaches, as our fryend can wytnesse, whych (because hee would haue the certayntye) would needes be present, when we cured a sore man of an apo∣stumacion vnder the arme hole, whych Albenzoar Rasis reckoned for vncu∣rable. If any fattysh flesh grow, at the inclosyng thereof, ye shall remoue it with Vnguentum Mixtum, myngled of Vnguentum Aegyptiacum, and Vnguen∣tum Apostolorum, of ech lyke quantity, or els take this pouder, whych my self dyd mtuch vse. Take of Citrine Mirabolanes. ʒ.ss. of Terra Sigilla••a. ʒ.i. of burnte roch Alume. ʒ.ii. let them be stamped small, and the pouder vsed for a coro∣siue, wherewyth ye shall get the victory and triumphe ouer the Maladye.

Soarenes.

Thus haue ye spoken of a symple deepe fleshie wound: now I praye you, proceede to the double wound, and the cure thereof.

Chirurgi.

REstitucion is made, with a matter of an other kinde▪ as in bones and sinewes. Howbeit, some aucthors affyrme, that broken and displaced bones in young chyldren, be vnited a∣gaine, wyth matter of the same kinde, For why members▪ which Phisicians call sparma••icall, beyng once loosed, wyl not be ioyned againe, with Poros sarcoides▪ whych is of an o∣ther kynd. Now therefore, here haue we to declare, how this, meanes may be obtained, in a double wound, of the elbow or hand. For of all woundes, they be most hard and daungerous, and specially of the hand for the multy∣tude of sinewes and cordes, and otherwise, scarcity of nutratiue humoures▪ Therefore let vs take in hād, euen as it were now newly come to our c••re▪

Now then my fryend, when ye be called to any sutch chaunce, remem∣ber ye loke seriously, that no shiuer nor gobet of bone be left in the wound,

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whych might sharpen and anger the vertue naturall, through some dolour and prycking.* 1.117 As it hath chaunced in a famous worthy Gentleman and Souldiour, called Captain Rede, whose arme was broken at Lith, in war, Anno. 1559. and many bones remayned, to his hurt for a tyme. For if these accydentes a rise, they shew an apostumacion at hand: the affect and com∣myng whereof we ought by al meanes, wayes, and pollycies to imbarre,* 1.118 l••ast it creepe to the wounded place. And ye shal obtain thys, if ye obserue this order, whych I wyl giue you. First clense the Woundes of all sheuers of bones, and then if any bones be fully cut of, place them in theyr roumes as orderly as ye can. When ye haue done, haue a table at hand, wel couched and couered with soft lint, that the hand or member may be placed to rest thereon. And forthwith sewe vp the wound, in case it be large, For a small wound as we sayd before, must be left open, to the intent reumeticke mat∣ters may haue free liberty and issue, to come forth. But take heede in sewing that ye pryck no sinewe, and that passage be left in the lowest part, for sani∣ous matter, which shall growe, or be caused there, to issue forth When the wound is sewed, and the hand layed on the table, then must you apparell the same with fyne lynt, dipped in the whites of Egges: and so leaue it gēt∣ly enrolled, for the space of xxiiij, howers, geuing the pacient a conuenient re∣giment of lyfe in dyet according to his nature.

Soarenesse.

What shall we do then, when this is doen. as you haue com∣maunded, in this most goodly wholsome order?

Chirurgi.

AS sone as that tyme shalbe expyred, retourne agayn to the pacy∣ent, taking a Barbour with you, to make a conuenient bloud let∣ting, on y^e other contrary part: & this is done,* 1.119 that the matter ready to cause apostumacion, fall not to the place, which is made weake by meanes of the wound. And the veine must be opened for bledyng the se∣cond day, for sauing of good bloud. For if the vein were opened the first day▪ then good bloud might be drawen, aswell as euyll. Now when ye haue done wyth the bloud lettyng, open the wound▪ and apply these Medicines, for the cure therof, as follow in order. R. of most cleare Terebintine. ℥.ii. of oyle of Hipericon. ℥.iii. mingle them at the fyre, powre them warme into the wound. For if it bee applyed colde, inconuenyence myghte insue therof, as Hippocrates sayth: cold is an enemy to the sinewes, teeth, bones, brayne,* 1.120 and nuke of the necke, but heat is profytable and friendly. Therefore it is ryghte conuenient, that in all your workes, about double wounds, ye eschew me∣dicines, whych shall be actually cold, and see yee kepe the member warme, as a Woman delyuered of her burthen. Moreouer, in the brinkes and circu∣ite of the wound, ye shal apply pieces of cloth, throughly weated in Rosed oile, wherin Anglet witches, or earth wormes haue ben sodden. For this wil comfort the part, & also cause euaporacions of humours, if any should ap∣proch. Againe, anoynt this defensiue about the cubite or Elbow, to defende the Wound from fletyng matters. For thys doe thus. R▪ oyle of Roses.

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and of Mirtille oyle, ana. ℥.i.ss. of Bole Armoniacke, Terra sigillata, Dragons bloud,* 1.121 ana. ʒ.i.ss. of all the Saunders. ana. ʒ.i ss. of white Waxe. q.ss. and let it be made to a soft defensiue, in maner of a liniment. And when ye haue thus proceded in the cure .6. or 7. dayes or more, as vnto the time the sinewes cast some reumaticke matter, then it shalbe time to goe to abstersiue, or drying. The fyrst, whereof is thus made. Take of Terebintine. ℥.i.ss. & of Syruppe of Roses. ℥.i seeth them a lyttle, and whiles they be seething, put thereto q.ss. of Barly meal,* 1.122 and of Sarcocole, and Frankinsence, ana. ʒ.ss. of Saffron. ℈.ss. and stirre them wel, tyl they be incorporated, and mingled together. Thys is a gētle abstersiue, without biting or nypping, which is necessary in sutch Woundes.

Soarenes.

All this shall I gladly do to my selfe and others, but a Gods name, what shall I then take in hand, to proceede any further?

Chirurgi.

YE shall minister this oyntment, as the learned Chirurgians did order it, which is. R. Of Calues and Cowes fat l.ss. of oyle of Roses, of Rosel ana. ℥.ss. of litharge of syluer. ℥.iii.ss. of fresh odorant Wine. ℈.i. of Anglet wiches or yerth wor∣mes ℥.ii. of Hony, S. Ihons Wort, Madder, and flowers of Rose Marie, an. M.ss. Let all these be boyled together, the Terebintine and Litharge only excepted, vntyl such time, as the Wine be wasted, and then strayn the foresayd decoction, and boyle it in a new together with the Litarge, tyll it haue gotten a very blacke colour, and lastly put the sayd Terebintine to it,* 1.123 with q.ss. of whyte Waxe. And so this wyll be a soft ointment, most conuenient for wounding of sinewes. And this kynd of ministracion, must bee continued, vnto the tyme of sea∣lyng and ensounding: for which purpose, ye may vse this decoction folow∣ing, or that, whych was discriued before, in apostumacions. But yee shall fynd this decoction folowyng better because it doeth ensound and comfort the member withall: and therefore ye may boldly vse it in this place.

Take of Roses, Mirtilles, UUormewood, flowers of Pomegarnetes ana. M.i. ten Cipres Nuts, and boyle them in red Wine, vnto the wastynge of the thyrd part, whych vse, and apply with a Spunge well pressed, for the repayre of the member.* 1.124 And this was myne order, my friēd, whych in good faith, gat me both honestie and profyt. This I suppose sufficient, as far as it appertaineth to the help of a double wound. Now is it tyme, to come to the accidents, whereof we mentioned a litle before: which thing, yet neuer∣thelesse, I would haue omitted, had I not perceiued, that ye were so desy∣rous of it, and doubtlesse, not without good cause. For why, the greatest part and feat of curyng of wounds or vlcers (whereof by Gods helpe, wee shal reason to morow) standeth in the remouing of the euill accidents. And therefore,* 1.125 least I should be seene to defraude you, of your desyre, I wyll once venter my selfe for your sake, vnder thys Burthen, heauye thoughe it bee. Uerely I can not but mutch maruell, how it should bee, that our

Page 22

nature is subiect to so many chaunces, and so great ieopardies: when I consyder the accydentes, in sewyng UUounds, whych when they be fallen, they bryng not onely the slender wytted and learned, but trouble wittye and farre castyng men also.* 1.126 UUhat thynke you the common sort of Chirur∣gians wyll doe when they see learned to seeke, to be vncertayne, and to run from medicine, to medicine, thynk ye not, but they wyll make Lyght of the matter: if they see a man, to be tormented, wyth payne, burst wyth apostu∣macion▪ vexed wyth euyll complexion, to burne in Feuers, to be rackt wyth crampes, to haue Apoplexes, yea, and to be distracte of their wyttes to? Therefore least we be reckened of theyr number, and charged wyth y^e crime of vnmerci••ulnes: let vs endeuour our selues, to the vttermost of our pos∣sibility. that wee maister euery of them with many medicines, when they befal. For if they be not wel handled, they wyl robbe vs of our honest name health and profit, and all the pacients of theyr liues, whych is theyr chief Ie∣well. Wherefore, we must besterre vs in the matter diligently when Na∣ture is extreamly vexed wyth dolour: and way with our selues, whether it come of the breach of continnaunce, or drying of the wound, or else by rea∣son of gathering of some humerall matter. And it it come by breach of con∣tinuaunce, or drying of the wound, then shall a molificatiue be best, for the o∣penyng thereof. But if it come by heapyng of humerall matter, then dryinge medicines shal be best against the payn, without any respect of time, which be mingled of Oiles, meale and other drying simples. These thynges well considered, first if the wound be pained, through lacke of digestion, it maye be eased with this.

Take of soft bread sodden .M.i. Goates mylke. ℥, vi. of oyle of Roses, and Camomell. ana. ℥.ij. and yolkes of three Egges, all whych dooe myngle to∣gether in a pot, the yolkes reserued, and boyle it, tyll the oyles be well drun∣ken vp of the Bread, and then take it from the fier, and mingle the yolkes wythal. Thus shall you haue, if ye boile it accordingly, an hard Plaster, to be applied warme to the place.

Soarenesse.

But what if this your medicine serue not to the purpose, haue ye no more plenty of medicines then in store?

Chirurgi.

YEs forsooth, that I haue a medicine of great vertue folow∣ing. Take a quarter of a pynte of y^e decoction of Mallowes, and Uiolets, or Mutton broth of the Weader, or els of anye beast that men vse to eate, and let bread be wel steeped there∣with, and afterward boyle it, as it was sayed before. But re∣member to put a litle Saffron in this, as it may in the for∣mer also, if it please the Chirurgian.. But if it come of heaping of matter, vse these medicines that follow.

Take of small ground Branne .M.iii. of Barly and Beane meale ana. ℥.ii.

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of Camomell, Melilote, and Worme wood, finely shorne, ana M.ss. of Odo∣rant Wine, three cupfulles, boyling them at the fyre, with sufficient Sape, and in the end put thereto oile of Camomell, and of Roses ana ℥.ij.ss. oyle of Dill. ℥.ss. with a litle Saffron, and make hereof a soft plaster, after the maner of a Cerote. I warrant you, with these ye shall asswage the dolour, whych for the most part draweth matter to the place, as a cuppyng Glasse••, name∣ly if it be cold. And if it come of heat, then alter the hoat receiptes, according to the necessity. And when the dolour is once appeased, ye shall easely win the Bulwarke as touching the rest of the cure. Now ye shall represse apo∣stumacion, if ye apply the defensiue aboue described, when ye haue let the pacyent bleede, with a diuersiue bloud lettyng a clyster going before: But if there appeare swart rednesse about the Wound, the cause is an euyll com∣plexion,* 1.127 for correcting whereof, ye may vse these receiptes. Take Oyle of Roses. ℥ iii. and mingle the same with the yolkes and whites of two Egges, which apply, being wel shaken together in linnen. Or thus. Take. ℥ ij. of Vn∣guentum Rosatum, oile of Roses. ℥.i. and put them in a Leaden morter, casting thereto of iuice of Lettice. ℥ i.ss. of Litharge. ʒ.ss. of Terra sigillata. ʒ.i. and draw this, till it be as a fyne liniment, whereby ye shal fully remoue, and correcte the euil complexion. But if the pacient shal be vexed wyth any feuer, con∣uulsion, palsy, alienaciō of mynd, swonyng, or sutch like, by reason of mouing of the humours, take a Phisicion to you, and he wyl amend these accidents. For if I should now order Siruppes, and Pocions (albeit that I entend also at more leisure, to speake more of them in that place, but not nowe) I might seeme to put my sithe in an other mans corne. For why, here we talke not of Phisicke, but of Chirurgi, which is somewhat contented with Oynt∣ments, Fomentacions, Plasters, and Linaments. Thys is the Money, whych I had to coyne thys day, to y^e intent I myght be able to pay you, w^t∣out further suite in the Law. For ye bound me so strayghtly, with an obly∣gation of an oth. Albeit in thys case, euery honest man wyl wyllingly kepe touch to discharge his credence to his power.

Soarenesse.

OH, how ryghtly iudge you? But now gentle Chirurgi, in as mutch as you haue yelded vs the vse of this day, let vs depart for the tyme. Howbeit, let vs repayre hither agayne, I praye you to morowe, to the intent the rest, if any be, may be payd: and so we receiue the whole summe in assurance, whereof ye haue gyuen vs, sore people, thys earnest penny. And in the mean•• tyme, we Sore and Lame, gyue thankes to the lyuing God, for his deare benefyts, whych of his mercy, he hath plentyfully bestowed vppon vs to relieue vs with his giftes,* 1.128 and by his meanes, that we haue learned, to helpe and heale ourselues when we are lame and sore, whereby we may be profitable to our common wealth, I therefore desyre you, when you bee at leasure, to treat somewhat of vlcers,

Chirurgi.

Page 23

NOWE, an vlcer is a breach of continuaunce, with putrifacti∣on and rottennesse, caused in processe of tyme.* 1.129 And theyr bree∣dyng or ingenderyng▪ commonly (as Auicen taketh it) is of vlcerated breakyngs foorth of pushes, and of woundes euyll handled. Wherefore, woundes) as our chyeftayn and graund mayster, affyrmeth in the fyrst treatise of vlcers) as soone as theyr due tyme of digestion, and abstersion is expyred, and yet neuertheles, they remaine foule and full of corruption, must be called Ulcers properlye, and not woundes: whereof it is a consequent,* 1.130 that euery breach of continu∣aunce, whych voydeth matter, or virulencie, shall vndoubtedly be called an Ulcer. Whereof some bee fathered of an hoat, and some of a cold humour. The vlcers▪ which be found with rednesse, and itchyng in the edges, come of the hoat the other, whych bee wythout great rednesse and itch, and haue also wyde rootes, are fed and nouryshed of colde. Agayne, among Ulcers, some be of small importaunce, and some be ryght daungerous. All bee daun∣gerous, whych breede no sanious matter▪ when the tyme is to breede it: or when some apostumacion is cōcurrant, whych shalbe hydden secretly, with∣out euydent cause. For if the apostumacion vanysh, by reason of some medy∣cine, hauyng power to worke that effect, it were no matter, but if it vanish wythout cause, and lye secretly a lurkyng: Certes, it importeth no good, but euyll, as spasmes, destractions and alienacion of mynd. Howbeit, there bee also Ulcers, as Auicen sayth, whych properly, and as it were of theyr owne nature, produce theyr effectes now and then, as vlcers of the backe, of sy∣newes, of the knees, of the hanche, and all sutch as haue great aliaunce with the Nuke, whereof, some bee tractable, and some repine vtterly agaynste Chirurgj, in theyr cure.

All kynd of Ulcers be most hard of cure, whych succeede any syckenesse▪ and end the same, by the way of euacuacion:* 1.131 For nature vseth to vnburden her self, at that place, from thenceforth, of her euyl and vnprofytable superflui∣ties. Lykewyse bodyes, whych be accidentall, moistye, or dry, wyll not easely be cured of theyr Ulcers: as women wyth Chylde, and folke sycke of the dropsy: which is the caused in the one through aboundaunce of accydentall moysture: in the other, by reason of retayned superfluities. Agayn, dry and ethicall members, may not easely be ensounded, for want of good bloud: We see the lyke effect in old selie bodyes (whych, what for lacke of digestyon of theyr meates, theyr naturall heate beyng almost extinguished▪ and what for lacke of good bloud) be contynually eaten vp of Ulcers. Oft tyme an euyll Complexion, is cause why, an Ulcer is not healed and ensounded. Where∣fore in especyall, haue the Complexion in consyderation, and neuer reste tyll yee haue corrected the same. For why, otherwyse the nourishment, whych creepeth thither, wyll be turned into an euyll matter when it is not ruled and maistred of nature. For what is an euill matter else but cor∣rupted Nutryment, whych Nature could not order▪ ne was able to con∣uert into the second Humidyties? And to the entent ye may atchieue this well, ye shall bestowe a lyttle Labour, to know the Natures of simples, and Signes of Complexions, whych yee maie learne of Galen, in hys Booke,

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de arte medendi. And spend not your tyme in trifles and woordes, that passe wyth the wynd,* 1.132 neyther in croked & distorted arguments. For what good shall you do to your pacyents, when they cry for your helpe, when yee haue made a great sorte of subtyll arguments. Whether there may be a neutrali∣tye, or meane betwene sycknes and health, in any body. Again sith wee see that they, whych haue made mencion in their bookes, be all at square, and none wholy of others opinion. Why doe we embrace sutch losyng of tyme? Therefore I wyl aduise you, to follow with all diligence, Mayster Ihon Tagaltius, who groundedly and pythlye in his doynges, seeketh oute fruict∣full matters, omytting trifles.

On the other side, the Ulcers, whych may be easely cured, are those that chaūce in bodies of good complexions, and bee nouryshed with good bloud, without affluence of many superfluities.* 1.133 Amongest whych some abyde in theyr newly caused continuaunce, and some fall to discontinuaunce agayn. The Ulcers whych fall againe to discontinuaunce, b••e (as Auicen teacheth) where flesh is caused and generated or euer the mundification be complete. For in as mutch as vncleane superfluities, be there secretly hydden, it fol∣loweth of necessity, that the continuaunce be loosed and broken vp agayne. And for this cause, sutch breaches of continuaūce and sores, bee reckened for fistulaes, with the learned Phisicians.

* 1.134Further note here, that there be fiue kindes of vlcers in generall an vlcer virulēt, fylthie, hollow, rotten & corosiue. But me thinketh it is meete fyrst, or euer we meddle with the cure of these generalles, that we recite y^e accy∣dents of vlcers, whych cumber and hinder vs, in the cure: And when wee haue so done, then shal we recite, and treat of theyr cures. For in case wee correct not the accydents, which make most for the knowledge quod quid est rei, as Aristotle sayth in his bookes, De Anima, we shall neuer winne the victo∣ry of the vlcers, though we striue right stoutly in the cause, because the ac∣cidents hold of the sore, and be of part against the cure,

Now the accidents which happen in vlcers, be these, bleedyng superflu∣ous flesh,* 1.135 euyll in sauour, Lippes, dolour: apostumacion, hardnes, corrupted bones, swellyng veines, and roundnesse, and euery of these require properlye a cure by them self, whych if it be denayed them, when they call for it, either we shalbe conuented before A Iudge, to giue euery man his owne, or the debt not payed, there may be no confederacion in amity with men. There∣fore least we be troubled in the law or charged with tiranny, let vs see how we can discharge our handes, of these accidentes, and fyrst of bledyng.

Euery fluxe of bloud, deare brother Soarenes, commonly proceadeth from a primitiue cause▪* 1.136 For the antecedente, wee wyll omitte at this present, least happely, whiles we passe ouer our owne, and rush rashely into other mens doores, we myght anon be thrust forth by the head for theeues. Therefore, to auoyd this dishonestie, we wyll onely speake of bleding, comming of a cause primitiue. Now therefore a moresage or bleeding, commeth of late di∣uision of the cont••nuaunce▪* 1.137 or by reason of putrifaction of the same, In wounds we fynd swe••••ng of bloud, from a veine, and sometyme swellynge and ••le••yng of bloud, by lyttle and lyttle. A veine sweateth bloud, when he

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is berefte of his proper couering. Wherefore in this case, we iudge it necessa∣ry, that the Phisicion hast to repayre wyth gentle medicine, that, which was wasted with cruell weapon. This is don by couenable sewyng of y^e wound, but in case the vesselles be broken, and the bloud run at liberty: it is to be cō∣sidered, whether the bloud run gently,* 1.138 or els spryng and amount fierslye in his streame. If it fleete myldlie, then it is playn, that it commeth of veines, and is somwhat grosse, and dimmysh red: but if it mount on heyght, bee red, fomyng and cleare, it is an arterie, But as touching the cure, these thynges must fyrst bee considered, whether the whole veine be cut, obserue the or∣der, which shall be declared anon, Next consyder, whether the wounde bee deepe, or superfyciall. If it be superficiall, apply incarnatyues to it, which shal be sutch as follow.

Take Sarcocoll, Mirrhe, Aloes Epatike, Dragons bloud: Mastike, a∣na, as ye shall thynke conuenient. For so of euery of them, may bee ordered by your self, accordyng to the pacyents complexion.* 1.139 And wyth this ye shall withstand thys kynd of bledyng, which is wont to comber men very much Afterward, when this medicine is cast into the Wound, ye shall rolle small quisettes of lynte, and weate the same in the whytes of Egges, wel shaken and beaten wyth dust of Bole Armoniack, and lay them orderly in the wound. These also must be couered wyth a lynnen Cloth, well weate in the same whyte of Egges, and afterwards be bound, obseruyng alway, that the bin∣dyng be handsomely done, that it cause no dolour. But if the Wounde bee deepe, ye shall consyder wyth dilygent heede, whether the gappe may be suf∣fyciently stopped, if it be deepely stytched, and if reason allow, that yee shall not in any wyse omitte the sewyng: that done, immediatly lette follow a lin∣nen cloth, infused in the same whytes of Egges, and dust aforesayd. If yee see that sewyng wyll not serue. follow the order, whych I my self followed, and had euer good Successe, as my Pacyents can tell and wytnesse them selues.

And fyrst ye shall wash the wound, wyth red or bynding wyne, and that for two causes. The one is to cōfort the place: the other to wash of y^e bloude that none may hynder the syght,* 1.140 to see where the medicine ought to bee ap∣plyed. Agayn, that no bloud be left, to cause corruption. For ye shall shortlye after, feele wyth your Instrument, what watrysh and fylthy sauour it wyll cause, if ye let any remayne. Now, when ye are at poincte wyth these mat∣ters, a new ••abour and care wyl take handfast on you, that ye shall not bee idle. Then ye shall lute the gappe, or mouth of the veines, whych spout loute bloud with this medicine, R. The dust or pouder of Galles, Beane meale, and Mill dust. ana. ℈.ii. Ihon Uigos pouder called Praecipetatum. ʒ.i. & mingle them with sufficient white of an Egge, and apply it to the gap of the veine,* 1.141 as I sayd. Now if it shall come of putrefaction, lay all incarnatiues aparte, and set your mynde to the separacion thereof: whych ye shall doe wyth Vn∣guentum AEgyptiacum, if the putrifaction bee but small, and betweene twoo partes of the flesh. And AEgyptiacum must bee made, after the description of Auicen▪ euen at home, Uert grece. Roche Alome, in quantity partes a lyke

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if it be deeper then so, then apply the Trochiskes, whych I wyll descrybe in the end of the booke: whych wyll remoue the rotten flesh, from the good w^t∣out great paine. But this can no man ryghtly mynister, except he haue seene it ministred before: therefore if ye set your mindes to attayne to this, choose some exper•• Chirurgian for the purpose, which can distinct these thynges un¦practice. And in good fayth, if trouble dyd not withdraw me from practy∣cing, I would shew you this poinct my self.

On the other side, when the veine is but partly opened, incontinent yee must remember these twoo poinctes, to wete, that the veine must fullye bee cut of, or bee bounden and knit. The one poinct we call incision of a veine, the other bindyng of a veine.* 1.142 Incision is made and vsed, where the thynges before mencioned, did not serue, as some, where they doe not in deede. And thys is practised for this purpose, because the endes of the veine beyng cut of, should runne backe, and be hid within the flesh, and so be couered, where∣of wyll insue stoppyng of the veine. Howbeit▪ this may not be practised in∣differently in all veines, but onely when they appeare small. For when they be great and grosse, then shall you vse one other fetch, not mutch vnlike the former. Marke then, before yee make the incision, whether if a small drawyng of the flesh be made, it were possible to knyt the veine in the vpper part, whych thyng were mutch tolorable in thys worke. If that may not bee, cut of the veine wyth an hoat Iron, or Instrument, made fyt to that, or to the like purpose. But take heede, that ye make not the incision to deepe, lest ye cut the arterie, whych accompaneth the veine: for there be few veynes, which haue not arteries associated with them. Now one cunning Man when he was called to one, who had bled two dayes, and many right skil∣full in the matter, had ben in a pecke of troubles, about staunchyng of the bloud: perceiuyng by questionyng wyth them, that were present, that they had omitted nothing:* 1.143 that men commonly vse in sutch cases, least hee should seeme a Dorre amongest labouring Bees: and agayn, least hee should haue fayled them who had sayd mutch vpon his head, vsed this feat, wherewyth he procured hym selfe profyt, and his pacyents saue••ie, though men dispay∣red of his life. For some of them that were pres••nt, remembred the saying of Auicen,* 1.144 who sayth, that euyll accydents, are wont to follow bleding as con∣uulsions, through emptines, yexing proceedyng of drying of the villes of the stomacke, and alteracion of mynd, with other symptomes whych in thys case are arguments and signes of cold Death, For these bee th•• accidentes that follow bledyng,* 1.145 and when they appeare, they sygnify death to bee at hand, but to my purpose He perced the lip of the wound▪ in the vpper parte, euen vnto the cut veyne, and left the same vntouched of the needle, on the one part: then conueighed he his needle vnderneath the veine: to the other part, and perced agayn the lip, from the lower to the vpper part, in such wise that he altered the vein,* 1.146 knitting the ends of the threde together, and fast∣ning it to the lippes of the wound, and thus deliuered he the pacyent, euen from Deathes doore, and present daunger. But I say my Friendes, one thynge more, remember that about all youre Woorkes, of staunchyng of

Page 25

bloud (when▪ yee haue filled the wounde wyth quisets) lay some peece of cloth vpon the same, well weate in water, and Rosed Uinegar,* 1.147 so that the peece may compasse the whole member, where the bleeding is. Now with sutch f••ates and engines, shall you triumph ouer al vnbridled bloud flow∣inges, with mutch prayse, & erect vp worthy Monuments of your actes. We haue now, as it may be thought, spoken inough, and inough of blea∣ding: wherefore least the time fayle vs, being so swiftly measured, by y^e firste mouable, let vs now take the cures of vlcers in hand, where we shal brydle the rest of the accidents belonging to vlcers. For if we would treat properly of euery of them, it should be a long matter, and displeasaunt. For why? the same thynges should needes be iterated, and repeated agayne, and yet agayne in dyuerse cures.

Soarenesse.

BUt yet my brother, me thinketh it were not superfluous, in our com∣munication, if you dyd shortly declare, or euer you entred thys matter, whereof vlcers take their name in especiall, sithen we haue founde in wryting, that they are here and there named, of their causes, as of a mat∣ter that went before, or els of their accidentes, by reason of their causes.

Chirurgi.

THey be named sanguine, chollerike, flegmatike, & melancholike, ac∣cording as any of these humours, shall excessiuely abound in thē.* 1.148 Or of their accidentes, they call them hard, cauy, fistulous, rottē, cancrous, corrosiue, dolorous, apostumated, euill lipped, & so forth, as any accident shall cumber the vlcer. Howbeit the true causes, where of vlcers take their names, essence and being, be but two, euen the antecedēt, and coniunct: the antecedent, is, where is corruption wyth an excessiue quality of euill humours, proceeding of an inordinate regiment of lyfe, ha∣uing power to fret, viciate, and corrupt the partes of the bodies. The cause coniunct, is nothing els but a malicious complexion, caused of Woundes breaking forth, and opened pushes,* 1.149 namely when they be euill handled of Chirurgians, and Phisicians, as wee see dayly in our time: wee can also de∣vide vlcers otherwise. For some bee playne, some deepe, and of the same some hard, some soft: Agayne some standing, some running or creeping. And lykewise, some of them be corrosiue, some putrified: but because sutch definicions, make better for the dulling of the wit, than quickning: I pur∣pose not to make any speciall mencion of them in cures. Yee may note, y^t oft tyme, they bee turned after some property or quality of the matter, or Sanies, whych shalbe in them. For our Doctors, and chiefe Phisicions say,* 1.150 there be four kindes of matter, or Sanies, whych the Latines thus terme, & cannot well be Englished, Sanies, Pus, Virus, Sordities whereof they surname them▪ wyth lyke deriued termes. And according to these nomber & termes. I mynde to speake of vlcers here consequently in theyr order. But fyrst of a sanious vlcer.

And thus shall we do, if God so wil, when we haue sayd somwhat of Sa∣nies. For in as mutch, as we entend to speak of a sanious vlcer, it is reason that we know fyrst, what Sanies is, whereof it springeth, and what be hys

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causes. And by the reason of thys, we shall easely know the correction of vlcers, whych thyng (as we take it) consisteth in knowledge of the causes, rectification of complexions, and comforting of members. Now Sanies is nothing els, but corrupted foode or nourishment whych nature was not a∣ble to digest, neyther turne into the second humours, which they cal glew, D••we, and the humour vnnamed: Sanies is caused and generated, when nutrityue matter, comming or all ready come to a member, may not be cō∣uerted into the nature of a member, by reason of the weaknes of y^e same, or superfluityes of other members approching together.* 1.151 For as Galen wri∣teth, the strong members doe oppresse the weake, and put of theyr super∣fluities to them, whych be turned into Sanies, or virulency Wherefore, whē we purpose to cure any weake mēber, we must endeuour our selues wyth all possibility, to strēgthen it wyth some Medicine cōfortatiue, that it may put of straūge superfluities. And verely bynding medicines, being of sutch heat, as shall not exceede the naturall heat of the weake part, shall comfort greatly, as Galen sayth in the thyrde De arte medendi. The same effect haue defensiues also, if they be lykewise qualified. And after what sort this must be don, the nature of simples it selfe, wyll informe you. Therefore▪ bestowe some labour, in the search of simples, to the intent ye may fetch them rea∣dily, as it were from a store house, and not seeke at al aduenture by chaūce medly, as they grope for a pin in the darke. The lyke mischiefe is commit∣ted in administracions of Oyntmentes, whych be hoat, or moysty of com∣plexion, and both the qualityes do promote a soare to putrifaction. For in heat and moysture, if heat rule not the same, then they are causes at fyrste dashe, to cause putrifaction, as Aristotle Prince of Philosophers affyrmeth▪ Therefore, who so euer purposeth, to exercise Chirurgj, must labour wi••h all industry, to know the nature of oyntmentes, at hys fingers ende. I speake not of the names of Oyntments, as the imperickes, and some of our Men do,* 1.152 whych professe Chirurgj, as soone as they can name & recite Vnguentum Basilicum, Nigrum, Aureum, Apostolorum, Aegyptiacum, Rosarum, Album Campho∣ratum, Lithargicum, Ceracinum. &c. whereof they bragge, and spreade a Pea∣cockes tayle agaynst the simple. But I meane the qualities of oyntments, whych must be diuers, in diuers maladies, according to our entencion cu∣ratiue, in the malady. For somtime we comfort, somtyme we moyst, some∣where we dry, as also oftentimes we coole, or heat. Therefore, it is not to be marueyled, that sutch venterlinges and younglinges stumble so ofte at a Straw. For why, these men be vtterly lost in their bookes, and wyll not vary from them one finger breadth, whereof spring many errours, spe∣cially when they vnderstand not, whych one learned man recordeth, cōside∣ring he spared not to try out in the matter,* 1.153 in hys Aphorismes, saying, to woorke after Bookes, wythout perfite knowledge, and a fyne wit, is a ryght comberous thyng. Wherefore I exhort you, most deere Brethren, y^t you order your medicines, according to the complexion of the member, and your intencion in the cure. And if it be possible, make your medicines your selfe, and trust not so mutch the Apothecaries, least ye be deceyued wyth y^e

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blessed termes, I wyll not say cursed, intituled quid pro quo, because hee is dead that made it. For as men haue dyuers Phisiognomyes, dyuers qua∣lities, and quantities, wyth sundry Complexions geuen them partly by in∣fluences, & partly by tractes, & dyuers Regions, so haue the simples: also as great variaunce amongst themselues,* 1.154 in as mutch as they be of sundry shapes, places, and countryes, from whence they acquire proper natures, qualityes and powers in working. Wherefore Auicen cryeth out in y^e Cha∣non of vlcers, saying: Medicamen quidem vnum, secundum quaedam corpora facit nasci carnem, secundum quaedam est corrosiuum: whych is thus mutch to say: One medicine in dyuers bodyes, hath dyuers effectes and operacions. In one, by reason of the property of y^e Body, it causeth flesh to grow: the same in some other is wastyng, and ryght abstersyue, specially, if the body be soft and fyne. Wherefore thys is inferred, that oyntments should be made,* 1.155 ac∣cording as the Complexion of the member shal requyre. And this sentence toucheth the fyne speached Cornelius Celsus, our dearling, saying: Ignorari non oportet quod non omnibus aegris eadem auxilia conferunt: Wherefore, be you wise and circumspect in your confections, least it be your chaunce, to fall into the Noddyes had I wist. Now as touchinge the Iudgement of Sanies, that Sanies shall bee called good, as Auicen sayth, whych is whyte, smoothe,* 1.156 and lyke in euery part: whych sentence he borowed of Hippocrates the Diuyne Physicion. in hys booke of Prognosticacions, where he saith, Ea putredo lau∣datur. &c. Whyte Sanies is praysed, whych is lyke ouer all, egall in the vtter face, and not ill fauoured, the contrary is most euill. Now if ye wyl know why Sanies should haue these properties, reade Auicen in the Chap. concer∣ning the iudgement of Sanies, where ye fynde euen your fill, of causes shew∣ed of the sayd property, whych ye may seeke at hys handes, and not now at myne, for it would draw vs farder from our purpose. Yee may also haue respect to Galen, vppon the fyrst of the Prognosticacions: where yee shall reade certayne diuine thyngs, for the perfite attaynment of thys matter.* 1.157 Yee haue now sufficiently heard what Sanies is, whereof it commeth, and of what sort it is. Now we wil ioyne hereunto, the cure of a sanious vlcer.

Soarenesse.

Speake now of vlcers, I pray you, that I and my soare bre∣thren, may perceyue them playnly.

Chirurgi.

WHerefore, for your better vnderstanding, yee shall note, that there be two sortes of vlcers:* 1.158 Whereof some bee simple, and some be compounde. I meane not, that they be simple absolutely, but simple, after some maner of sim∣plicity. For why, their being is of an euill Complexion, breach of cōtinuance, & somtyme composicion, also with a concourse of euil qualities. But I say, they be simple, so farforth as they be opposite to vlcers, where accidēts be founde, letting the true ensounding of vlcers. For here we call them cō∣pounde, whych haue sutch accidents. Wherefore, when I name a sanious vlcer, as we recken the matter, ye shal vnderstand it, of that whych is fully voyde & cleere of the sayd accidents, not wythstanding it be tangled, wyth

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some doublenes and composicion. Therefore we wyll speake fyrst of a sim∣ple vlcer, which is in the playne: and then of a simple deprest, or hollowed, whych done, wee shall in lyke maner and order treate of the compounded, from whych kynde, the almyghty and mercifull God, preserue vs all.

* 1.159And fyrst we note, that all vlcers in that and as farforth as they be Ul∣cers, require drying in theyr cure: whereof there be two kyndes, the one hoat, and the other colde. Agayne, some be wyth mordicacion and ••yting, and some wythout. All be byting, whych in a certayne degree of heate, be dry of complexion, which is because heate is yoked, and coupled felowship∣ped wyth drought, as Aristotle most learnedly fyrst taught, as ye may reade in hys bookes of Generacion,* 1.160 and Corrupcion. And he sayth thus, concer∣ning the mixture of elementes: If the coldnesse of the earth, were chaun∣ged to heate, it might no longer be named earth, but fyre. He sayth furder, if the drought of the same, were chaunged to moysture, it should lose y^e name of earth, and be called water. Whereof it followeth, that thinges so dryed, in case they be found wyth lyke Qualityes, they wyll not only waste and gnawe, but also burne, when they be applyed. And thys do the qualities of the fyre, and Mercury Sublimated apartly shewe. Neuerthelesse the one shall be so mutch the lesse of mordicacion or freting, as hys qualityes shall more be oppressed in it, than in the other. And therefore, be you somewhat the wyser,* 1.161 in choosing of your simples, least ye take one for an other. Now to the intent ye may the rather eschue thys foule errour, I wyll gyue you the difference of exiccatiues, or drying Simples, whych we vse in Ulcers. For by the knowledge of them, ye shall soone come to the cure of Ulcers. These exiccatiues be colde: The three kyndes of Saūders, Mirabolanes, Terra sigillata, Dragons bloude, Bole Armoniacke, Tutia, Camphire, Ce∣ruse, Litharge, Uermilion, Sinaper, red Corall, Gum Arabicke: these bee hoat, and wythout byting or gnawing: Aloes epatik, Mirrhe, Sarcocol vnholed Galles. &c. Hoat wyth byting and mordicacion: Uerdigreace, A∣lum. &c. Of these ye may make Medicines to the purpose, for all kynde of, vlcers,* 1.162 so ye know perfitly y^e property and working of them: ye shall know, whether the vlcer be hoat or no, by hys edges. For if he be reddish in y^e ed∣ges, it declareth heate: as also, if the flesh be remisse red, and hoat in fee∣ling, whych may be rectified w^t Vnguentum Album, made after this maner.

R. Oyle of Roses. ℥.vj. Weathers fat. ℥.iiij. Marow of the hucclebones of Kyne. ℥.ij. whyte Waxe. ℥.i.ss. Cerusse. ℥.iij.ss. Camphory. ℥.iij. making it to an oyntment, according to the arte, whych ye shall apply vpon y^e vlcers, when ye haue first cast in thys pouder,* 1.163 in the soare. R. Of all the Mirabo∣lans, of Terra sigillata, of red Corall. ana. ʒ.j. of Cerusse. ʒ.ij. of Roch Alum brent. ʒ.j. of Creuishe shelles. ʒ.j. stampe all these togeather as small as Sand, whych couer, as I sayde wyth the oyntment aboue described. But if the flesh be so mutch ouergrowne, y^t the lyppes do appeare vpon it, ye shal vse Vnguentum Apostolorum for y^e correction thereof, obseruing alway ware∣ly, that the vlcer be not inflamed agayne. For some complexions be so ten∣der & soft, that they wyll be altered almost at y^e name thereof, as I saw my selfe in a Citizen of London, whose name I omit, because he hath bin vn∣kynde to our Arte. When I perceyue any sutch cōplexion as he was of, I

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order my rectificatiue, with sutch cautell, that it shall both comfort & rectify. After thys sort. R. of Oyle Rosed. ℥.iiij. of Oyle Myrtine. ℥.i.ss. of Beane flower. ʒ.iij. of pouder of Roses, Myrtils▪ and Cypresse Nuts, ana. ʒ.ij. of Acatia. ʒ.ij. of Bole Armoniacke, of Terra sigillata. ana. ʒ.i. of newe Waxe. q.ss. and so make thereof a defensiue, betwene hard and softe. And thys at two applicacions, wyth Vnguentum Apostolorum wyll rectify the member,* 1.164 and make the Ulcer ready to a Cicatrice. Thus cured Ihon Backter, the learned Chirurgian, sutch vlcers in a moneth, where other, whom yee know, had them in hand a yeare and more. Now when the fleshe is suppressed, & ye purpose to skin the vlcer, it is most expedient, ye vse thys Lotion. R. Of good cleere Wyne, one cup full, of red Roses .M.ss. of Rosed Hony stray∣ned. ℥.ss. of roche Alum. ʒ.iij. and as mutch Saffron, as shalbe able to co∣lour the Wyne, and seeth all these togeather, till the Alum be melted, and then moyst the Ulcer wyth this Lyquore, being luke warme: And mayn∣tayne it, as soone as it may be, dry the vlcer agayne, wyth a fyne Linnen cloth, that none of the lyquore remayne there. For it will cause matter and corruption, as it befell vnder hys handes, who is my sworne Enemy. For whyles he laboured to skyn the soare, as I did, euen wyth the same Medi∣cine, he caused hollownesse in an vlcer. Now when ye haue so moysted y^e vlcer, as is sayd, lay yet a little cotten in the Ulcer, that the moysture, in case any remayne, be fully dryed vp. Applying vppon the same thys Oynt∣ment, whych is very effectuall in working of a Cicatrice.

℞. of Oyle of Roses,* 1.165 and Myrt. ana. ℥.i.ss. of Uermilion. ℥.ij. and seethe them together, till they get a very blacke hugh, and so shall yee fynishe the cure. Lo, heere haue you the cure of a sanious playne vlcer. Now wyll we to the hollowe, whereof yee shall receyue, large gyftes and rewardes, if yee handle your selfe well, in the reformacion of humours, that fall to the place yee knowe that sharpe Humoures, wyll properly freate, and consume the Fleshe newly growen, and let the growinge of the same,* 1.166 wherewyth the hollownesse of the Ulcer, should be filled and restored. For the reformacion hereof, shall followe three intencions. The fyrst must be to order the lyfe, wyth couenable regiment. The seconde to keepe of matter, whych approcheth thither. And the thyrd, to cause newe Fleshe to growe, wyth the skinning of it. The fyrst is had by ordering of the soare thynges, called not naturall, and chyefly wyth Dyet, whych must bee wholly bent, to the contrary of the humours and qualities, whych feede the soare. The repulse of humours may be wrought two wayes: eyther wyth compe∣tent Purgacion, or wyth some vnctions and cataplasmes, whych comfort, and put of, as will the defensiue aboue ordered. Fleshe is caused to growe two wayes, by letting of the contraries, and by applying of dustes and Oyntments, being of lyke qualities. The dust must bee made, by myng∣ling of the exiccatiues aboue rehersed, whych ye must indosate, accordinge to your neede. But if yee delight more in Oyntments, ye may make that, after thys maner.

R. Of the clearest Terebintine. ℥.ij. of Hony rosed and strayned. ʒ.i.ss. of Plantayne water. ʒ.iij let them seethe, till the water be wasted,* 1.167 and put thereto of Barly and Beane meale. ana. ʒ.ij. of Frankencense. ʒ.i. wyth a

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little Saffron. And so thys wyll be an incarnatiue, wyth some sturring, whych ye must couer with Vnguentum Alb••, aboue described. Besides this, the defensiue there ordered, must be noynted about in y^e circuite, that it be not inflamed to heate agayne.* 1.168 Now if the fleshe growe to fast, it wyll bee suppressed wyth Vnguentum Apostolorum, applied once, or twyce, or more if neede requyre. And when that is come to equality wyth the Edges, then fi∣nish your cure, as it was sayd aboue, in a plaine vlcer. There be other feates and Engines, whych cannot be wrytten but are left to Chirurgians estima∣cions. For some whyle one quality, some whiles an other▪ frouneth or flatte∣reth, and must be ru••ed now hether, now thether, as a Sheepe amongest Wolues. Of whych poyncte complayneth Auicen, in the entraunce of his worke,* 1.169 saying: The tradicion of Phisicke, contayneth lesse, than is neces∣sary for the Phisicion. For the ouerplus, whych is left to their iudgement & estimation, may not be expressed, and put in wryting. Wherefore, to th'en∣tent yee may get thys Iudgement in thinges, left to Estimacion, yee must not lothe, nor be hygh in the instep, to see other expert Mens Woorke. For there by, wyth dyligent aduertence, yee shall assuredly gather iudgement, & ••e ascertayned in your inuencions. Now for asmutch, as wee haue gieuen you the taste, in a hoat sanious vlcer, we wyll venter (I hope luckely) the cure of the colde, obseruing the same maner and order, whych wee vsed tofore in the hoat Ulcer.

Now, when a sanious cold vlcer, cōmeth to our handes (which thing may easely be perceyued by the Eye:* 1.170 for the flesh wyll be remise whyte, or wan, notwithstāding, y^t somtime dim palenes cometh to an vlcer, through bloud, running wyth choler: it is also perceyued wyth feeling of the hande) now then when sutch vlcers, I say, come to your hands, ye shall not depart in a∣ny poynct from the order, whych before was discribed. Neuerthelesse, wee say for certayne, y^t theyr remedies as farre differ one from the other, as the vlcers in heate & colde. And here we wyll begin wyth the defensiue, whych offereth it selfe, fyrst in the cure, where our composicion was thus.

R. Of oyle of Camomell, and Mirte, ana. ℥.ii, pouder of Camomell and M••lilot. ana. ʒ·ij. pouder of red Roses,* 1.171 Mirtilles, and Cypresse nuttes. ana. ʒ, i.ss. of Barly and Beane meale. ʒ.ii. of new Waxe. q.ss. and so make the defensiue, betwene hard and soft, wherewyth anoynt the circute of the vlcer. R. Of Aloes, Mirrhe, Sarcocol▪ ana. ʒ.ss. of Frankensence. ʒ, ij. of Dragons bloud, and flowers of Pomegranets, ana. ʒ.iii. of Saffron. ℈.i. and make a pouder of all these, couering it afterwarde wyth thys Oynt∣ment following.

R. Of Oyle of Roses. ℥.ij. of oyle of Camomell, and Mirte. ana. ℥.iij. of Weathers fat. ℥.iiij. of Hennes grease. ℥.i. of Marow of the Cowe & Hart. ana. ℥.i.ss. of Litharge. ℥.ii. of Cerusse. ℥.i. seeth them, till they be blacke, & then put thereto of cleere Terebintine.* 1.172 ℥.i.ss. of Shyp Pytch. ℥.i. of new Wa••e .ij.℥. and let them seeth a little agayne: and when ye haue taken thē of from the fyre, stire them still, vnto sutch tyme, as it be congeled & fyrme, otherwyse, the Minerals wyll fall to the bottome in a residence. Thys

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Oyntment is Vnguentum Basilicum, after our descripcion and entent. Now in case the Fleshe appeere foggy and fattishe, then Vnguentum Apostolorum, shalbe necessary to dry it. For that wythout question, will bryng it to equa∣lity of ensounding. And then yee may fynishe your cure, and skin the same wyth the lotion aboue ordered.

Now in as mutch, as we be at poynct wyth the Simples: or right and congruent, we must lay a foundacion for the Compounde,* 1.173 so that we may lyke workemen, builde in the humayne body, or repayre ruinous and decai∣ed places, and prop vp sutch as are lyke to fall. Wherefore, once agayne re∣member the accidentes, before mencioned, to the intent we may be able to redresse, and amende them one by one. For where thys may not be obtay∣ned, we shall to our reproch, be kept from the true ensounding of the Ul∣cer. And therefore we purpose, to prosecute the amendment of them in their order accordyngly. Now when a compounded Ulcer is offered vs, let vs looke what accidentes be concurrant, hindering y^e ensounding. For if many maladies or accidentes, were founde in it, we must begin at y^t, which doth most comber the vlcer, as Auicen sayth: if we will cure a malady,* 1.174 where di∣uers accidents be concurrant, wee must begin at that▪ whych hath one of these three properties, Vna earum est {quod} alia sanari non potest antequam ipsa sanetur vt apostema, &c. The one is, where the accident is sutch, that if it be not first cured, the vlcer may not be cured, as apostumacion ioyned wyth an vlcer. For in thys case sayth hee, we followe the apostumacion, vnto sutch tyme as the malice of the complexion be displaced, and then we followe the cure of the pryncipall. Wherefore, to followe and obserue the Canons, accor∣dingly: we shall order pryncipally our intencions,* 1.175 so that we fyrst take in hande the accident, whych shall chiefely comber and molest the Paciente and vs in the cure. And the fyrst of these intencions shall be, to order the Pacientes lyfe conueniently. Next to purge the faulty humour, according to the exigente thereof. Thirdly, to amende the maliciousnesse of the qua∣lity, in the Ulcer. Thys last shall be deuyded yet agayne, according to the disposicion of the Ulcer, requiring dyuers intencions.* 1.176 Now as touchinge the order of lyfe, you may by your owne iudgement consider, what is to bee done therein: partly by hys regiment before tyme, and partely in hys syckenesse tyme, turning hys Dyet to the contrary quality. As thus: if he vsed a colde regiment before, vse hym to hoat, so if dry, moysty, but doe it moderately, and by little and little. For nature cannot away wyth sodayne chaunges: Howbeit thys is not seene lyghtly in humours, wythout longe vse of contraryes in Foodes. Wee shall knowe to purge the humours,* 1.177 by the shewing of the sycke Water, in two poynctes, that is, by the colour & substaunce: whereunto is added the residence, wyth hys qualities mutch or little. And by the sygnification of these well considered, wee may try out all the sycke persons complexion.

For if the Uryne shall bee thycke in Substaunce, and red in colour: it meaneth that bloud ruleth y^e man. If it be thin of Substaunce, and red of

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colour: doubt not, but choler hath the preheminence. But if it bee thicke in substaunce, and whyte of colour, then fleume hath the maistrie: as if y^e sub∣staunce be thynne, and colour whyte, melancholy. Now of, and by the resy∣dence, ye shall perceiue the tyme to gyue pocions, and purgacions: for when that begynneth to appeare, it sheweth digestion of the humours to be pur∣ged. But there be also refractions of colours, and eleuacions, and depressi∣ons of residences, whych signyfy the denominacion and Seruyce, of the Naturall Heate,* 1.178 and wastyng of the radycall Moysture: whych thynges. now are not to bee prosecuted, because thys matter partayneth to a Phy∣sicion, whereof if God gyue me Lyfe, I purpose to treate at conuenyent leysure: now let thys be suffycient for the cure of an Ulcer. If yee wyll knowe howe an Humour shall bee purged, reade Leonardus Fuchsius who teacheth to purge, accordyng to the fault of the Humour. Other haue at hand, Mayster Vygoes Booke of Chirurgi, where ye shall finde, euen to the full, how to purge an Humour▪ For if I woulde distem∣per Pocyons, make Morselles, and myngle pylles, I shoulde bee trou∣blesome vnto you, or yee myght hyt mee in the Teeth wyth the Pro∣uerbe: yee sette the Carte before the Horsse: For my Communication should bee vnsauery, as it fareth wyth a Guest, whych regardeth not delycate Iuncates, beyng fylled before. And therefore, leauyng these thynges to you as knowen, I wyll passe to the amendyng, of y^e Malyci∣ousnesse of an Ulcer, when we apply coole to y^e hoat, & hoat to y^e colde. Like∣wyse,* 1.179 if y^e Ulcer be moisty applying dry: if dry, applying moysty Medicines. We shall restrayne hys Malyce by digestion, Mundyficacion, corrosyon, incision, and also burnyng and mollifying, as it shall please the Woorke man. But when, and how, these meanes shall bee put in vre, that shall wee shew, when wee goe aboute to displace the accydents of Ul∣cers. All whych thyngs we doe orderly, omittyng the former matters, for a time, because trouble hath preuented me.

UUe haue entreated before suffyciently of bleeding, comming of a cause primatiue, from whence yee must fetch hither, sutch thinges as there were spoken. For it were superfluous, to speake more of the matter in this place. Wherefore, being at poinct with that accident, I wyl make forth to the rest, and speake no more of this. The like would I do with superflu∣ous flesh, if I had rehersed the cause of it, when we speake of a sanious Ul∣cer. The cause of superfluous fleshe, is to mutch moisture and vncleane mundyficacion, as Auicen thinketh, in the Chapiter of Ulcers. sayinge: In some Ulcers groweth superfluous flesh,* 1.180 and in some it groweth▪ not. And the Ulcers where it groweth, be they in the which, to mutch haste is made, in the repaire of flesh, before complete mundificacion. Wherefore take you heede, that yee proceede not to farre, in moistyng of the Fleshe. And as for remedyes, the matter is playne, for that we know the cause: but remember that ye quicken or delaie, in drought and corrosion, the medi∣cine, according as the matter shall require, and as the Flesh shall bee more or lesse swelled vp wyth foggie Fat. We haue seene that thys kinde of maladies, hath not felte, nor forsed of other remedies, and hath required an

Page 29

actually cautery. If this happen vnder your hands, if easy remedies profit not (of whych sort be Vnguentum Apostolorum, & Aegyptiacum, take a corosyue pouder, & brent Alum) feare not to dry it wyth an hoat Iron also. And if ye shal so do, & a blisterous crust be risen: ye may displace it, as we shewed be∣fore in our treatise of apostumacions, & then returne to the cure agayne.

If hard and discouered lyppes, be found in an vlcer, letting the ensoun∣ding, set all your cure, vpon the displacing of that euill: omitting no time or howre. For if we do the contrary, we shal in the hast labour in vayne, & afterward be compelled, to giue ouer the purpose, & take that in hand at lat∣ter cast. Therefore to spend no tyme in vayne, begin wyth the shearing or cutting of, of the lippes. Ye shall cut them of by little, and little, wythout causing of great dolour, if ye apply this pouder, here beneath ordered. For Auicen sayth, we should neuer cause dolour in an vlcer,* 1.181 vnlesse we be con∣strayned to it of necessity, whych is, where gentle medicines serue not, and he did not this wythout foresight. For he was well ware, as a forecasting man, that there would come after hym, whych would bee more lykely, to subuert mankinde, than to preserue: whych would boast themselues of y^t, that they would imitate no rules of Phisick in theyr works: but followe rather y^e frantike & pestilent saying, of certayne counterfayts of our tyme,* 1.182 whych haue this in theyr mouthes, and haue brought it to a common Pro∣uerb to, saying: that a wounde wyll breede wormes, vnder a gentil Phy∣sicions hand. As though ignorāt & Bocherly cruelty of y^e Physicion, should be cause of health. I speake of the cruelty, whych blynde boosardes do vse, wyth all counterfayt boldnes, & coloured diligence, in euery little felon, to the intent, they may thereby win the name of learned, and expert Chirur∣gians: and not a whit of necessary sharpnesse, whereunto wee be induced, both by y^e rules, & autenticall counsayle of learned Phisicions, and sweete persuasions of Poets. For thys sayth the fyne wylted, and eloquent Naso, Immedicabile vulnus, est recidendum. &c. Where the woūde is vncurable,* 1.183 saith he, it must be shorne of, that y^e whole be not infected wythal. Agayne Iuue∣nal wyth his Satyricall tricke, one Grape draweth colour of an other,* 1.184 onely by reason of theyr aspect, as one Measelled Hogge, measelleth the whole Herde. Virgill also is wyth vs at our Elbowe, saying: Culpam ferro compes∣cite. &c. Appease, sayth he, the fault out of hand, wyth the sworde,* 1.185 or euer y^e cursed infection, go farther among the people. Wherefore, when yee shall chaunce vppon sutch cures, do that whych shal appertayn to the preseruaci∣on of the Pacient, wythout all white lyuered womanlyke feeblenes. And if ye so bolde your selfe, & work accordingly, the matter well considered, ye shall not be called vnmylde & cruell, but prouident, & mercifull:* 1.186 notwyth∣standing y^e blustering blames of your Aduersaries, because ye haue saued, and not destroyed your Pacient. For doubtlesse, many soares will not be mended, wythout y^e Knyfe, as Cankers, & others, as Cornelius Celsus shew∣eth in hys bookes, of hand working. We haue now run out of our Race, occasioned by blynd Chirurgians, howbeit, we haue found nothing to mutch, theyr desertes well considered. For who could be so pacient to heare them, and would not ware hoat in the cause, namely, being exasperated day by day, of sutch Men? For they cannot see the good lyue in quiete by theym,

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but they lye in wayte for them, wyth all indeuoured mischiefe. Well, I re∣linquishe thys, least I should seeme, to be delighted in reprehension of men, where my mynde is far distant, from that path of wryting. Wherefore, let them go play them: we wyll repayre to our pouder, whych yee shal put on the euill fauoured lyppes of woundes or soares,* 1.187 whych is thys. R. Of Ci∣trine Mirabolaynes. ℥.ss. of red Corall. ʒss. of vnholed Galles. ʒ.j. of Dra∣gons bloud, of Terra sigillata, and Cerusse. ana. ʒ.ij. Uerdigrece. ʒ.ij. of Roch Alum brent. ʒ.i Sarcocoll, Mirrhe, Frankencense, Mastike, ana. ʒ.i.ss. mingle them all, and pouder finely as Alcocoll, vppon the whych, yee shall apply Vnguentum Basilicum, after the description in the cure of a colde vlcer. And thus must you proceede, vntill the accident be remooued, which don, prosecute the cure, as is aboue prescribed. And in case the pouder, by reasō of hys weaknesse, speede not well the matter, yee may go to stronger Me∣dicines. Whereof thys is the fyrste. R Of oyle of Roses. ℥.iij. Weathers fat. ℥.ij. Marrowe of the Huccle bone of a Cowe. ℥.i. water wherein sub∣limatum hath bene melted. ʒ.i. seeth them softly together, vnto the tyme the water be wasted, and then put thereto. ℥.i. of Cerusse, and seeth them agayne a little, when it is taken from the fire, ye must stir it, till it be thick. Thys must be spread on a peece of cloth, and layd on the soare, and perad∣uenture, yee shall dispatch the matter wyth thys: If not, take this in hand and wythout doubt, ye shall win the castell. But yet be ye hereof warned before hand, that it be not applyed in any sinuie place, least whyle yee seeke freedome, ye fall into bondage. As it befell in my frend, when hee woulde bicker wyth the lyke vlcer, in a Womans foote where he could neuer win the matter, though he left no stone vnturned. Neuerthelesse, if ye be con∣strayned thereto, by any necessity, or euer ye apply this, ye shall first vse an vniuersall Purgacion, of the whole Body, and also a comfortatyue to the Nuke, least haply there aryse any Pestilēt fumes, ready to cause a conuul∣sion, or Spasme: and when ye haue so done, proceede forth to y^e locall me∣dicines, whych may be thus, which is most excellent good.

R. Cerusse, Uermilion, Sublimatum, ana. ʒ.iij. mingle them, and pou∣der them fynely, whereof ye shall sprinkle, so mutch in the vlcer, as is able (if I may so speake) falt the part, which shalbe remooued: and incontinent, couer it wyth thys plaster, whych shall make for the appeasing of dolour, & remoouing of the escharous crust.* 1.188 R. leaues of Mallowes, Uiolets, and Lettice. ana. M.i. seeth them together in Muttō broath of the Weather, & afterwardes stamp them putting thereto. l i.ss. of Barly meale, of oyle of Roses complet. ℥.ij. of Butter. ℥.iij, and Yolkes of three Egges: wyth whych plaster ye must proceede till the crust be taken of, and then ye may prosecute the cure wyth digestiues, Abstersiues, and Incarnatiues, as yee were informed afore. If ye worke after this sorte, and wyth these reme∣dyes, according as they haue bene declared, ye shall win your Spurres, in sutch cures, and great frendship also. Now in asmutch, as we be wel trai∣ned in thys, let vs come neerer the accident of dolorous payne, to see howe wee can rid our handes of that also. For why, thys is now and then so ex∣treme, cruell and sharp, that it doth not only exclude the cure of vlcers, but

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vtterly interdite and suspend almost, all the vertues, as well naturall as animall, and spirituall. Wherefore of very ryght wee must put our helping hand to this also.

For as mutch then, as dolour is as it were a cupping glasse, in drawing matter vnto the place, the writers haue vsed mutch diligence,* 1.189 in appeasing of it, considering the accidētes, whych may insue thereupon, as ouerthrow of the vertue naturall, fayling of spirites, and contractions of synewes. Al whych accidentes are perilous, & to bee doubted in all maladies. Where∣fore, to the intent men may eschue thys by a rule: they learne men know∣ledge, in their publicated workes, that it proceedeth of two causes, that is, of the breach of continuaunce, and alteration of qualityes. As Galen sayth,* 1.190 dolours where as they be, declare breach of continuaunce, or sodayne al∣teracion of qualityes: the contynuaunce may be broken four wayes, by incision, corrosion, breaking, and stretching, as in apostumation. Alteraci∣on is by heat and cold, moysture, drought, and other sutch lyke. Note, what dyligence they tooke, to fynde the causes of dolour. Now if dolour aryse,* 1.191 by meanes of incision, as in woūdes: the fyrst way to appease it, is to sewe it, and next to anoynt hoat oyle Omphacine in the edges and circuit of the wounde. And thys must be don, not once or twyce, but continually▪ til it be appeased in a great part. If it come to corrosion, whych accident,* 1.192 properly pertayneth to an vlcer, it must be remooued also, if we entende to cure the vlcer. But here note, that there be two causes of the matter, a proper,* 1.193 and a depending: the proper cause is, a certayne malignity, or shreudnesse in the fleshe, whych our men call, proprietas occulta, the secret property. The cause dependinge is nought els, but euill humours, whych fret and eate out the fleshe when they come to the conuinct, as doth Choler, myxt wyth Salt Flegme. And certaynly, thys latter shall haue neede of euacuation wyth Cassia, Manna, Diacatholicon, and other lyke purgations. But as for the for∣mer, it shall be ruled after an other order, euen by comforting of the edges of the vlcer, wyth defensiues, able to cherishe and feede the complexion of the flesh, and with the strong pouder, Praecipitatus, cast in the vlcer whose des∣cription ye shal finde, at the end of the treatises. If it come by breaking, it is eased by setting of the bones, and competent bynding, and situacion of the member. For albeit, the breach be neuer so wel restored, and set in place: there wyll be yet discontinuaunce, if it be vntowardly set to rest. And as for the setting of Bone, yee shall learne at other Mens handes: For their Bookes are replenished, wyth preceptes & rules for the purpose, speci∣ally Galen. &c.

But if alteracion come of extension, or stretching,* 1.194 as it is in apostumaci∣ons, mollificatiue Medicines shall be best, to prepare the matter to come forth: And Auicen sendeth vs to sutch appeasementes, saying, the vehemē∣cy also of Dolour, causeth vs of necessity, to vse mollificatiues, or softning Medicines. But of truth my Friende, if it grewe through alteracion of the Substaunce, the matter must be redressed by the contrary Qualities. For Example. If an Ulcer bee dystempered wyth heate (whych is

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perceyued by rednesse in the circuite) it is redressed by a colde Oyntment. And if the substaunce be fallen to cold,* 1.195 Vnguentum Rasum, or some lyke wil qualify the matter soone. If it be engendred with drought, moysture then wyll pacify all the gryefe. Agayne, if it be disquieted wyth to mutch moy∣sture, drought of an oyntment, plaster or dust, wil dispatch it. To be short, if we worke after thys maner, we shall discomfite al maner dolours, cau∣sed through excesse of one quality, aboue an other. Thus shall wee wyth proper medicins, succor the humayne lyfe of mankynde, specially when we attayne to the cause of the malady, neyther shall begge remedyes, as doe these Dogleaches,* 1.196 whych would be called Practicians, a Gods name, and wot not what practice is. For they do as chyldren do in their playes, which when they lyst to haue some sporte, apoynct some Marke, and standing a little of, blindfilde, wherle themselues about once or twyce on theyr foote, and then gesse to the Marke at al aduenture, in whych gropyng, they are found at last, when they thynke themselues sure of it, further of then they were, where they stoode at fyrst. Euen so fareth it with these groping prac∣ticians: for why? they be not able to distynct, neyther tymes of sicknesse, neyther know the causes of them, or properties of oyntments, as he who bare men in hand, wyth grauity of words, that he was a practician: and when one demaunded, what quality Vnguentum Rosarum had, he aunswe∣red with great deliberacion, a Gods name, hoat, yea Mary sir {quod} the other a worthy aunsweare for sutch a practician. Wherefore I exhort you to cast away all Sluggardy, and negligence, that yee may attayne to the know∣ledge▪ as well of Simples as of compoundes, and stumble not at matters as they doe. Yee haue the causes, and cure of dolour: now we wyll go to an apostumacion, as the order requireth.

Now, as touching apostumacion, concurrant wyth vlcers, what should I say,* 1.197 sithen we haue largely sayd in the matter, when we spake of Apo∣stumacions? But yet to help them that be tangled herein: we wyll talke a little more of it, and put somewhat to the enlargyng of our medicines, de∣clared before. Then when an vlcer is thus entangled, ye must vse the reme∣dyes, appoyncted properly for Apostumacions. But in case they shall not suffice, vse thys, wherein yee shall fynde sutch profit, that for certayne, yee shall maruayle not a little at it. But first consider, whether the vlcer be vex∣ed wyth an hoat or cold apostumaciō. For at that diuersity, wyll folow y^e diuersity of making of the Medicine. If it be hoat, apply thys. R. Leaues of Mallowes and Uyolets, ana. M.j. of hulled Beanes. l i.ij. seeth them al together,* 1.198 vntill the Beanes be soft, whych don, stampe them: and if it bee requisite, to put any Oyle to the same, put a little Rosed Omphacine, and afterward spred it on a cloth, and lay it to the apostumacion, for thys wyll apease and resolue. But if the apostumation be cold yee shall take the same plaster agayne, howbeit ye shall search, & make it otherwyse. R. Of Mal∣lowe leaues. M.ij. hulled Beanes. l i.ij. of Barbers Lye. q.ss. and seethe them well, after stampe them, and apply it to the place. Certaynely, thys wyll work most aptly, for our purpose. But note heere, I pray you, that thys plaster may be rectified in our working, according as the Lee shall be

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mylde or sharpe. Thus haue ye ynough, for the displacyng of this accidente, yf ye remember the sethings, with the other aboue. Wherfore we wil now talke, of hardnesse of vlcers.

Euery good Phisition, my frende, willing to cure his paciente rightlye,* 1.199 wil appoynt himselfe twoo principall intentions, that is, to preserue, and to cure. The fyrst searcheth for the causes, the other imagineth wayes to displace theffect therof. Therfore to the intent we maye be able to remoue this cause, and withstande the effect,* 1.200 let vs see how many causes hardnesse hath. When I was geuen to reade Chirurgi, and delyted in the antique bo∣kes, I fel bechaunce vppon Galens fyrst booke. De simplicium medicamentorū, where I noted him, to put three causes of hardnes. For it chaunceth,* 1.201 sayeth he, of to much drought of congelynge of matter, or els of fulnesse & repletion. If it come of drought, moysture wil ease it. And this must bee done with oyntmentes, plasters, and imbrocations, after the mynde of A∣uicen, Imbrocations be made with hoat water,* 1.202 and Mutton broth of the Weather, Plasters may be of all thinges, as ye hard before Now the oynt∣mentes be of Muscilages, and sometyme of Tripharmacon, as Mirepsus thin∣keth. How beit I suppose Myrepsus vsed it in hardnes, caused of frising, and not in drought. For I neuer saw Tripharmacon cause moisture, but in hard¦nes of cōgelacions or frising, it serueth wel, if it be made w^t Uineger, which notably cutteth clammy and viscous humours. If it come of fulnesse, (as it is seene in Apostumations) euacuation helpeth the matter: as Hippo∣crates sayeth, sicknesses, which come of replecion or fulnesse, be cured by eua∣cuation. Now if ye mynd to resolue it, let it fyrst be softned with some mol∣lificatiue, and it wil the better vanish and transpire, the pores beyng opened with the mollificatiue. And if it fall to hardnes agayne, rype it agayn with the same medecine as Auicen wryteth in the cure of Apostumations, & then let it be resolued. As for the making of these medecines, ye must retourne to the treatise of apostumations, where ye shal fynd a special plaster made of Melilote, Sapa or newe wyne and lye, and an other of the decoction of Beanes, Mallowe leaues. &c. But as for the thyrd kind of hardnesse, partei∣neth to an vlcere, and for an end, if the hardnes wil not be amended by these meansfrete it with some corosiue, according to the maner, as it was pres∣crybed in the correction of hard lippes in an vlcere.

Now as concerning corrosiue, or gnawing in an vlcere, we would treat to the ful thereof, if we had not medled with the matter,* 1.203 when we were a∣boute the appeasyng of dolour, namely, for that that accident is much more combrous then any of the other, But yet in asmuch as we haue there ge∣uen no remedyes, we wil here haue y^e matter a little while in consideration agayne. Wee suppose then, that corosion is termed of that, that it with his sharpenesse, byting, and freting, resolueth, wasteth, and drieth vp the moist∣nes of the member, after which resolution, the substance of the flesh is mi∣nished, and so falleth to vlceration. Wherfore, according to our determina∣tion, there be two causes of this, the proper, and depending. And as for y^e proper cause, it is as we sayd before, a certayne malignity, or fylthynes in y^e flesh, which Phisitians call the secrete property. And for the displacyng of

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this, ye must consider the property of the member and then temper and cor∣rect it with defensiues, linimentes, and oyntmentes, made accordinge to your intention, as is that, which I made, respecting both complexcion, and purpose, in the mallady, or euil.

R Oyle of roses, Mirte, and Uiolet ana. ℥.i, ss. Bole Armoniacke, Terra si∣gillata,* 1.204 and Dragons blood. ana. ʒ.ii. Acatia ʒ.iii. pouder of Roses, Mirtilles, and Cipresse Nuttes ana. ʒ i.ss whyte waxe ℥.ss. make hereof a liniment, ac∣cording to the art, and annoynt the vlcere and his circuite with the same. In case the hidraunce come of euil fleshe, sprynkle this pouder on it, and yee shall dispatch the malignity. R. Of Citrine, Mirobolanes, of Terra sigillata of Cerusse,* 1.205 ana. ʒ iii. of prepared Tutia. ʒ.i.ss. of Dragons blood ℥.ii. of brente Alome. ʒ.ii, mingle them and let it be a fyne pouder to be caste in the vlcer. Which ye shal couer with the same liniment, spreade in a cloth: or couer it y^e Vnguentum album or Vnguentum de Minio. The cause depending, wee take it to be the antecedent, euen a Cholericke humoure, mixt with salt flegme, which gnaweth the fleshe,* 1.206 when it commeth to the coniunct, or place. Now for the cure of this, we order two intentions, the one to kepe of humours, yet fleting, the other to discomfyte them, which be already flowinge. The fyrst may be done with Cassiafistula, Diacatholicon, Manna, or any like purga∣tiue. And administration of the dust and liniment which we ordered now, wil accomplish the other, how beit apply this oyntment folowing vppon y^e pouder.

R Oyle of Mirte, Roses,, and violets. ana. ℥.ii, Weathers fat. ℥.iii. Goats grease ℥.i.ss. iuice of Colewortes. ℥.iii. seeth theym togeather till the iuice be dryed, and then put therto. ʒ, iiii. of vermilion. ʒ.iii of Cerusse, and, ℥.ii. of Li∣tharge,* 1.207 and play them agayne, til they become very blacke, stirrynge theym stil that the Mineralles fal not to the botome, and burne. This done▪ put yet thereto. ℥.i. of Terebintine. ℥.vi. of newe waxe & make it to an oyntment betwene hard and soft, in lykenes of a Cerote. And this wil bryng the sore to a Cicatrice, and fil your had ful of money for your laboure.

Now rottennes and putrefaction followeth, whose description I wil re¦hearse to the intent ye may therby be assured of the Mallady.* 1.208 Putrefactiō∣is when the dew breathyng of the spirite is inhibited and letted in a mem∣ber, by whom the complexion should be mayntayned and defended. And whē this is corrupted, or els letted in his due passage, the moisture of that part is not ruled, and so doth the part putrify and rotte, as Aristole saith iiij. Metheo. Moysture and heate, not ruling the same, is cause of corruption at the fyrst meeting. But to say trueth me thinketh it hath three causes in all. The fyrst corrupteth the vital spirite w^t holding his due breathing & passage as doe stupefactiues or dead thinges, as Opium, and to coole repercussiues things letting passe, be grosse thycke and clammy humors, whiche by theire multitude, thicknes and toughnes, stop the priuy spiracles, & breathynge pores: and as touching thinges that inhibit, they be causes primitiue. As brusyng, smiting, and bynding to strait, All these mortify a member, inhibi∣tyng his spirite and specially bynding, which I saw befall in a Manne of mutche honestye lyinge in the Hospitall of Sayncte Bartholomewes.

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He was pained of a push betwene his tooes: and when one, whō ye know had opened it, there gushed forth so much blood that the Chirurgian thought it b••st to bynd the member, with a right strayt bond, wherupon the pacient dyed the nexte daye. Wherefore it is expediente,* 1.209 that yee be ware ye fall not into such lewed ouersightes, whereby ye should get the name of Boch••rly ma••quell••rs, as he did, not without his desert. Marke here also that, that which corrupteth, may twoo wayes be considered. First as it ap∣peareth, the way to putrefaction, next putrefaction already caused. If ye consider it, in the fyrst respect, make youre recourse to the contrary causes: according to the saying of Hippocrates,* 1.210 sicknesses caused of repletion bee dis∣patched by euacuation, which done, the effect is at a poynt, as Aristolle saith Remoue the cause, and the effect is remoued, But if ye take on putrifaction the second way, ye must put one the two eyes,* 1.211 which Galen ascrybed to a good Phisition. Wherof the right shal behold the cause, and left the effect, which is the putrifaction. The right shal vse contraryes to the least apply∣ed. Oyntmentes and plasters, to repayre the putrefaction, whiche shalbee these, R Of Uertdegrece, of Rooch Alome, and of Hony, lyke partes, with a little Uineger, and haue it to the fyre, tyll the colour alter from greene, to red, which vse, spreadyng this ouer it.* 1.212

Take of Beane meale, of Barly, and Lupine meale. ana. li. ss. of Barbours lye. q.ss and seeth thē vnto such tyme, as they bee wel mingled togeather, li∣ke a past, which must be spred on a peece of cloth But note, if the rottēnes be so farre past, that it wil not be displaced with Vnguentum Egyptiacum, of equal partes, ye may vse this, which vndoubtedly wil dispatch it. Take of hony. ℥ iii. of Roch Alome & Uertdegrece. ana. ℥ ii. of sublimatum. ʒ.iii incor∣porate them altogeather at the fyre, til they be sufficiently sodden, and lay it to the rotten place, and then the plaster appoynted before.* 1.213 And if ther be cau¦sed an eschara, remoue it with digestiues, made of Terebintyne, and yolkes of egges or w^t Butter. It may also be remoued with a plaster which was geuen for Apostumatiō, opened w^t a potencial cautery, when this is remo∣ued y^e vlcer shal be cured, as be woundes. Now ye se what is to be done in putrifaction, or fyllthy sores.

Soarenes.

What say you of corrupted bones?

Chirurgi.

NOw to come to a corrupted bone,* 1.214 the sygnes of it must be noted, that ye may know, whether it be so or not. For it hath proper sygnes, to be kowenn by, as wel inwardlye as out∣wardly. The outward sygnes be dull, and loosse flesh as A∣uicen. sayth. in the chapter De ventositate spinae.

The signes inwardlye may not be seene with the eye, but be founde with the searcher. For if a man serch it wel, he shal not onely find it secretely frete, but also minished and abated in substaunce Wherfore if we fynd thys fault. and mynd to amend it, we shal aboue al things obserue two poyntes, one parteineth to the cure, the other to eschew reproach & infamy.* 1.215

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We shal auoyd infamy, if we refuse to meddle with the heads of great bo∣nes and ioyntes. For if we would worke in such places, we shal be endaū∣gered of conuulsions, or some euil accidente, by reason of the fellowship and colligance, whi••e they haue with greate synewes. heads of cordes, & mus∣kles:* 1.216 wherby we might be vtterly disgraced and shamed. as Auicen there declareth largely. And as for the cure (these causes eschewed) may be obtey∣ned, specially if y^e fault be in the middes of the arme or legge, bones, & tredes with conuenient medecines. There be also certen kyndes of instrumentes which they cal Trapanes, and Raspatories, very mete for repairing of alterated and corrupted bones. Agayne Vnguentum Egyptiacum, made after Auicens description, shalbe good, how be it, ye shal make better speede, if ye vse an actual cautery, that is if ye burne it with an hot yron. Uerily my selfe, whē I chaunced in such bones, did euer vse actuall cauteryes, because they com∣fort and rectify the weake member. Wherof there be two kyndes in espe∣ciall, the fyrst hath this shape A. and the part is playne, which is applyed to the bone. C. the other is figured. R. Now in cauteryzing and burning, I vse this dilligence, to eschew inconuenience. I prepared an other instrument, like a fynger of a Gloue,* 1.217 with an hole in the middes, through which I put my cautery, to saue the flesh from burning, this vsed I in playne bones. The second was appoynted, which I vsed in holes, and hollow places. There may be inuented yet many other formes of instrumentes, for caute∣rizing of Bones, according as the worke and place shal requyre.

Now as touching the causes of bones corrupted, they be the accident and priuetiue: of which two the antecedent is the worse. For why the antece∣dent wil fester the bone, or euer the flesh be corrupted, for by reason of the cause primetiue, corrupt, and freting humours wil fleete to the bone, and frete it, which Auicen termeth Ventositas spinae. Now how this may be kno¦wen and cured, ye shal learne of him which wryteth a special treatise of it. For we mynd not to meddle with it, because it would draw vs farre from our purpose, by reason of the nomber of intentions. The primatiue cause is what soeuer be falleth from outfoorth, as brusynge, incision, alteration of y^e ayre (I meane not of alteration of the ayre it selfe, but of alteration caused in the bone by the ayre, and the vse of some oyntmentes. And therfore con∣sider you whether it come of a wound,* 1.218 or apostumacion, and so by dilligent calculation, shal ye come to the cause of the corruption. If it procede of apo∣stumation, corrupt humours be the cause. If it come of a wound, then ap∣plications of oyntments, or occursaunce of thair haue done it. And if it come of a wounde, then consider agayne whether any hole bone were cut of, or a∣ny bone minished, or els any part, Agayne there is no diffrence whether a bone were taken out violently, or expelled of nature, For Auicen sayth, a Fistula may be feared wher nature expelleth it. Wherefore if ye couete to knowe all these particuler causes and obseruations: peruse Auicen in that Chapter,* 1.219 where ye shal fynd al thinges to your ful contentation. This is sayd concerning corrupted bones. Now in asmuch as our tyme is so shorte by appoyntment, let vs goe forth to the rest of our communication.

Page 33

Soarenes

I pray you, what is the cause of Uarices, and swellyng?

Chirurgi.

VArices bee swelling vaynes in the legges,* 1.220 fylled with Melā∣cholyke, blood. And these are bred diuerslyd, by stoppinge of the spleene▪ weaknes of the liuer, to much feding on meates that encrease Melancholye, longe standinge and waytinge before menne, wearinesse of footegate, and finallye be∣aryng of great burdens, as it is euident in them that vse it And this mallady is very hard to be redressed, and requireth many intenti∣ons and obseruations in the cure. The first is to order the life conueniently. The .ii. to purge the humour. The thyrd is to apply conuenable,* 1.221 local mede∣cines. Now the regement shal be to absteine from meates, whiche brede Melancholy. As Beeffe of the Oxe, Bugle, and Cowe. All salte mea∣tes, Pulse, Colewortes, Water birdes Salt Cheese and grosse wine, with other lyke. The matter is purged with blood lettynge, digestiues, and potions. Ye shal take the blood of Basilica or the liuer veine, making a large gash and hole, that the grosse melancholyke blood, may passe and comforth And it wil be the better, and more auayleable, a great deale if the pacient be exercised by going, or some other way before, so that the humours bee well mingled togeather. After y^e Bloudletting, these syrupes must follow syru∣pe of Epythimum & of Fumiterre, and then a purgatiō of pilles De fumo terrae, or Cappets. Al which ye shal your self better indosate accordyng to y^e pacients state then I here make farther mētion therof. This is spoken in respect of y^e accident, which if ye mynd to cure wel, apply it to the principal intention in the cure. Now as touching the localles, and matter coniuncte: when yee wil cure swellynge vaines, fyrst vse an vniuersal purgation,* 1.222 of the whole body, and then come to the particulare intentions, which comprehend thre considerations. The fyrst putteth of fletyng matter. The second remoueth that which is fleeten. The third comforteth the veines, strayneth them to∣geather, and resolueth congeled blood, yee shal kepe of fleeting matter with defensiues, applyed vnder the knee, whiche may be such.

R. Bole Armoniacke, and clay,* 1.223 an. ʒ.iii. Dragons blood. ℥.i. Terra sigilata. ʒ.iii. make them in fyne pouder, and incorporate them with the white of two Egges: w^t ℥.i. of Oyle of Mirtine, and place it vnder the knee, byndinge it wyth a Roller indifferentlye fast. I saye indifferentlye faste, because to strayt bynding will mortify the member (which were worse then the for∣mer euil) neither to slack.* 1.224 For that is not able to presse the veines togeather neither inhibite the discente of the Melancholikk blood to the place. Ther∣fore let the bond be indifferent, so that the bloud be repressed, and the mem∣ber not mortifyed. When he haue so done, ye shall the day following, smite the veine, which appeareth aboue the holownes of the foote, makinge a large hole, that grosse blood may haue his passage & walke,* 1.225 or presse doune the blood with youre handes, beginning beneath the defensiue, til a greate part of the blood of the veins be auoyded. But note, that yee must bathe all the legge with hote water, before yee presse downe the blood. When the blood is emptied out, stoppe the vayne, and couer the whole legge with this

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plaister. R. Of Camomell, Melilote, and Wormewood. ana. M.vi. of Mir∣tilles. & red Roses, ana M.iii. of Cipresse Nuttes .xx, of Acatia. ℥.iii. of Branne M,* 1.226 iiii. of Beane meale, and of Lupyne meale. ana. li. ss. braye y^t is to be bray∣ed, and seeth them in new whyte wyne, and Barbours lye, wherein these thinges were sodden before Tamarike, Moline, Smallage, and rootes of Capers, and play altogeather, til it be lyke past: after this, put a little Uine∣ger to it, that it may the better cut the humoures, and so inrolle the whole legge therwith. This plaister (if a man consider it well hath power to dry, to comfort, to resolue, and to cutte thinne clammy matter, which be neces∣sary poyntes, in this troblesome accident. What wil ye more? If ye do thus, ye shal▪ dispatch and ridde your handes of it with honestye. But in case the defensiue so dry, and cause doloure, ye must chaunge the plaister, and com∣maund the pacient to kepe his legge higher thē his body, alway in his bed, that bloud descend not downe agayne. For this point is necessary, if he wil be cured of the mallady: accordyng to the populer prouerbe, Gamba al & lecto braso al pecto,* 1.227 which willeth the hand to be kept at the bosome, and the legge in the bedde. And when the pacient is somewhat amended, purge him a∣gayne: For otherwyse it wer to be doubted, lest he fall to an Idropsie, Pthi∣sicke, Phrensye, and doating. For the matter, whiche was wonte to des∣cende woulde be witholden, and in this case, his property is to ryse, & cause such accidentes, as Hippocrates sayth, to cure olde and antique emeroydes, if one be not left open, putteth the pacient in peril of an Idropsy, Pthisicke, & destruction of mynd. And in an other place he sayth, of men that be destrac∣ted.* 1.228 A frensy is loosed at the rysyng of the swelling veines. Wherfore if a frensy be dispatched at the prouocation of them: it is consequente that the stoppe of them, wil be cause of the same. Wherfore Aristotle hath this gene∣ral rule, in his boke of places. If the presence o•• a thing be good, the absence of the same is euill. Therfore to eschew this euil, we must purge the paci∣ent once euery moneth, wyth some purgatiue, which wil euacuate the Me∣lancholike humour. There be yet other thynges obserued, as by bynding & cuttyng of veines, which, what for Bocherly cruelty, and otherwyse daun∣ger of the pacient, I passe them ouer, syth I neuer practised them, nor ne∣uer intende to do the cures beyng so perillous, and ful of daungers.

Soarenes

What say you of a round vlcer, Good sir Chirurgian?

Chirurgi

SIr, as touching roūdnes in an vlcer, we nede not to say any thyng at all. For ye haue sufficientlye laboured the demonstratiue sciences,* 1.229 & haue, as I vnderstand right wel profited in them For ye can erect tryangles, cut ly∣nes, deuyde circles, yea, and square thē also, if it were neede: al be it, to this day, the true squarynge of a circle, hath not bene inuented. But to the purpose. If ye will deuyde the roundnes of an vlcer by the Dyameter, with a hoate Iron, or other Instrument, yee shal deuyde the compassynge of Uilles and small heres well ynough, which is one of the greatest lettes in the ensoundynge

Page 34

of an vlcer. And so shal you withstand the circuition: which done ye maye prosecute the cure of the cutte, burning, or otherwyse workyng to your ple∣asure. Now for that we haue rydde your hands of these troblesom acciden∣tes: we wil retourne to the cure of the capital vlcers, wherof wee made mention before. Wherof the virulent is fyrst.

Good Phisitions haue euer vsed to trye out fyrst, the cause of maladyes and to cutte them of, which done, the disease would easely be displaced.* 1.230 And in good fayth, this seemeth to be the very path way••, to artificiall curynge.

Wherfore we also, because we would not swarue from the right waye of our auncient mayster, wil fyrst declare the cause of a virulent vlcer, & then order the intention in y^e cure. The cause then of a virulent vlcer, is Cholerik humours, which become sharpe by reason of salt flegme mixt with choller, and after they gette virulency, by adustion and burninge. For virulency is not otherwyse bread, as sayth Auicen, but of the subtilnesse of hot watry humoures, which originally proceede of euil gouernaunce, and order of life.* 1.231 Therfore we wil fyrst appoynt the intencions which must bee obserued in their cure. They be fyue. The fyrst ordereth the lyfe, the second purgeth y^e humoure, the third kepeth the flux of humours,* 1.232 the fourth dryeth them that be already fleetyng. The fyft ensoundeth the vlcer, and comforteth the mē∣ber. In the fyrst we must forbid all sharp, pontike, salted, and hoate thyngs, which shal bee able to alter the blood, to heate, and adustion, as Ginger, Peper, Cinamon, and geue him chicken broth, Lettice and Borage, as al o∣ther things that moderate the blood, wherof Chicken broth is thoughte to be best. For it reduceth humours to equality, conserueth complexions, and refreshed the vertue. Al this is spoken for example, that ye maye take occa∣sion by this, to chuse and refuse thinges conuenient, and disconuenient. Ye shal purge the matter, if ye geue purgations, that is, things that draw cho∣lere, as Electuarium e succo Rosarum▪ Electuarium solutinum, Diaphaenicon or some other lyke in operation. The fluxe of humours is prohibited if wee apply this defensyue in the circuit of the vlcer, foure fyngers lesse or more for the same. The defensiue is thus receypted.

Take Bole Armoniacke, and Dragons bloude. ana. ʒss. Beane meale. ℥.i. pouder of Roses and Myrtylles,* 1.233 ana. ʒ.iii. Oyle of Mirt. ʒ.iiii. iuice of Hous∣leke ʒ.i. Weathers fatte, ʒ, ss. with a little Waxe: seeth the oyle and fatte, with the iuice, til the iuice be wasted, and then put to the remnaunt, makyng it to an oyntment, after the art, and order it as it was now sayd. And as for y^e drying of humous, vse the drying symples: how be it, there must be diuer∣sity in compoundyng of them, accordinge to the natures and complexions, wherof one may be thus.

Take ashes of Dill, of burnt Leade, and of Terra sigillata. ana. ʒ.i. Ly∣tharge of Syluer, Flowers of Pomgranettes, and vnholed Galles. ʒ i.ss of Creuis shelles, or house Snailes burnt, of Cerusse, ana. ʒ.ii. of roche Alome burnte. ℈ i. mingle theym all togeather, and pouder it fynely. whiche vse for dryinge. And if this profyte not, vse the redde pouder called Precipitatus doubtles, this wil rectify the vlcer, and digest it. And here note by the way, that digestion is not causyng of mater as some vn∣learnedly

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holdeth opinion but it is proportionating of humors to the natu∣ral heate,* 1.234 so that nature is animated, to expulse theym defyne it thus. Di∣gestion is an ingrossing of thin humours, and thinning of thicke thinges, with some preparance to the expulcing. And for this purpose, we compound hoat digestiues, in cold maladyes and colde in hoate. Finally, wee ensound with Vnguentum de Minio, Tripharmacon, Vnguentum Caphoratum, & de Ce∣russa: Or spread the defensiue aforsayd in the vlcer. This also that followeth is verye good.

Take oyle of Myrt ℥, ii. of Rosed Omphacine. ℥.i. of Weathers fatt ʒ.ii. of Uermilion ℥.ss. of Cerusse. ʒ.i. seeth them til they be black putting therto at y^e end. ℥.ss. of new waxe. And after it is taken of the fyre encorporat it with ʒ.iii. of Camphere, and ʒ.ii. prepared of Tuti, and so wil it be an oyntment, lyke a Cerote And this wil comfort the member amend the complexion, & bryng the vlcer to skinninge, Now for skynning of it, wash it with Alome water which was prescribed before in skynning of vlcers: But one thing I warn you of, if ye see that the vlcere be enlarged, with these drying medecines ye must lay thē apart, & vse easier medecines. The signe of to much drying, or ab¦stertion by oyntmentes wil be this. The sore wil bee lyke an apostumated sore, and the pacient shal fele payne, nyppyng and bytyng, as Auicen sayth, Wherfore I wil ye forget in no wyse,* 1.235 this token and sygne, because it will be much for your aduauntage,

Soarenes.

I pray you say som thyng of fylthy vlcers

Chirurgi.

IT is euident to see, what gluttonous, & rauening kynde of li∣uing we vse,* 1.236 by the alteration of our blood: which is not only altered to heate, and adustion, but also to foule rottennes. In good fayth, reason would we should foresee, that we fel not to such excessiue eatyng and drinking, wherof might insue, sharp fylthy, and corrupt humours, which, cause vlceration, when they come to y^e coniunct, and afterward feede the vlcer. Wel let them be theire own work∣men and drynke as they brew: we wil to our purpose. And fyrst let vs note what sordityes,* 1.237 fylthy and corrupt rottennes is. They defyne it, to bee a certen whyte thicke matter, congeled, propense vnto blacknes and lyke lyes This kynd of matter, properly requireth abstertion and skowryng, as vi∣rulency doth drying. Moreouer there be two kyndes. a playn and hollow fylthy vlcer, which requireth foure intentions: the fyrst ordereth the lyfe, the second purgeth the humors: the thyrd wypeth and s••owreth of the fylth: y^e fourth pertayneth to ensounding:* 1.238 ye shal order the lyfe, as in a virulent vl∣cer because these two differ not, but by the way of more or lesse. And ther∣fore the dyet shal respect, specially the quality, which we there respected in the order. Lykewyse must the purgatiue be as ther was sayd. And the filth shalbe skowred away with these medecines following. R. Of Rosed Hony strayned ℥.ii. of clere Terebintyne. ℥.iii. play them togeather, til they be wel myngled and then put a,* 1.239 q.ss. of Barly flower & a little Saffron to it. And it wil be a good mundificatiue, for y^t purpose. But if this shal not serue, let this follow.

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Take of clere Terebintine. ℥, iii. of Rosed Hony strayned ℥.ii. of the iuice of Smallage. ʒ.ss. seeth them te to the wasting of the iuice, then put q.ss. of Barly meale to it. ʒ, ss, of Frankensence, ʒ.i. of Sarcocol, and a lyttle Saffrō and let it be a soft abstersiue, that may be layed in the vlcere, with tentes: And if ye be sette besydes the stoole in this, then make this following. R. of cleare Terebintyne, of Rosed Hony strayned. ana. ℥.iii. Iuice of Planten. ʒ.ii. iuce of dogs toung. ℥.i, ss, of Sarcocol, Frankensence, Mirhe, and Aloes Epatike. ana. ʒ.i. play altogeather, til halfe the iuice bee wasted, But stir it continually, least it burne, After this let it be strayned, and appli∣ed in the vlcere, whether it be playn or hollow. But if the praye shal yet es∣cape your nettes, make this, wherewith doutles ye shal haue your purpose.

Take of Barbours lye. ℥.iiii. of redde pouder Principitatus. ʒ i.ss. of Rosed Hony strayned ℥.ii. mingle them wel togeather,* 1.240 and doubtles ye shal scowre anb drye the vlcer with this abstersiue. Some haue also vsed this mundi∣ficatiue with good effecte. Take the iuice of Smallage. ℥.viii. the iuice of A¦grimony. ℥ iiii. the iuice of Planteine. ℥.ii. suger rosate, ℥, x. boyle these a sea∣son, then cast into them the meale of Barly, Lupines, and Fenigreeke. ana. ℥.i Boyle them then to the consistence of an ointmente, & at the end, put in. ℥.i, of Terebintine,* 1.241 & vse this to thy honour in clensyng & mundifying a sore or woūd frō matter. For wheras there be but two moistures bred in an vlcer, as Galen wryteth, wherof the one requireth abstertion, y^e other drying: both are respected and considered in this medecine, as it may easely appeare, if a man consider the symples wel. Now yee shal incarnate the sore with oynt∣mentes. that contrary the straunge quality of the vlcere: as with hoate if the vlcer be cold, and with cold, if it be hoat. For what is ensoundinge of dis¦continued partes, but to rectifye the qualitye, whych shorteth and hynde∣reth the vertue nutritiue, and to qualify the complection of the member?* 1.242 For if ye doe thus, nature beyng fortifyed, wyll of her selfe cause flesh to growe, as it appeareth not onely in man, but also in brute beastes. And therefore, I compound no other ointments in this case, than were ordered before, in the cures of hoat & cold vlcers, whither ye may resort, when ye shal neede. Thus mutch haue I sayde, of the plain filthy vlcer. Now wil we to the ho∣low and cauy vlcer.

Why should men maruayle, if men of olde tyme, came to the knowledge of Natures sickenes and causes, for asmutch as they were taught. euen by the leading of nature, which they of that tyme, more diligently obserued thā we doe: And therefore. they came to meruaylous great knowledge, which we in these daies, attaine not vnto, because we obserue not in like case. I say this, in consideracion of a Moulde warpes moinyng vnder Grounde, whych gaue me occasion to obseruacions, in a cauie vlcere••. For because I was present, where a Gardener stopped the mouth of the earth, or hole, where afterwards, because the cause was not remoued,* 1.243 seuen Moldwar∣pes came out by sundry tymes. Truely I noted it, thinkyng it worthye of consideracion in the cure, wherefore, when we be mynded, to handle thys cure in his ryght kynd, we must try out the cause, whych wee seeke by hu∣mours, accidents. and qualities of the matter. And therfore, when ye mynd the cure of anye sutch Ulcere, consyder aduysedly, whether anye of

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the foresayde accidentes be the cause, why the sore refuseth ensoundinge. And if any such be found there, and ye thinke that the accidentes, be the ve∣ry le••te:* 1.244 retourne then to the correction of that accident whiche hyndreth your purpose, and when ye haue amended that, ye shal haue your desyre. Now if the cause be found in none of them, then marke the matter, whe∣ther it be sanious, virulent, or fylthy, and then according as ye fynd it, so re∣sort to the cure of the Capitall vlcers, and worke as is there appoynted, for in so doing, you shalbe assured to quite your selfe of it. On thother syde, if humours be the cause, which is lightly perceiued, by the colours of the flesh, ye must purge them: For if it bee ruddy and itching, it declareth Choler. On the other part, if it be whyte, it is a token of Flegme, and so of Melancholy if the coloure be dimme and broune. Wherfore if ye shal alway behaue your selfe thus in your working, ye shal not stay, but haue your eye stil to y^e mark, wherat you entend to shoote.

Here should we speake of a festerd vlcer, vnlesse we had talked of y^t mat∣ter, when we treated of the accidentes of vlcers, where ye shal find the cau∣ses of it, and the cure, Therfore ye must make your repayre thither, when nede requireth, and not loke that I should double it agayne. Now haue I, my frend, payed my debt, and discharged my bonde, according to my promise it shal be your part to beare with my trauel, and to take my dilligence in good worth. And though my stampes be not so fyne, to coyne such rych mo¦ney, paraduenture as ye loked for: yet haue I labored diligently to geue you currant money, with which I trust to content you. Wherfore thus remain, that ye be dilligent labourers in this, and then within smal tyme yee shall swim without Corke, and trauerse great streams, by the ayde of these thin∣ges. But if here after ye shal looke, to be holden vp by the chinne (which I thinke not) ye must procure and retayne some other. For I may not attend vppon you, for businesse that I haue my dere frend sorenesse.

Soarenes

TO say for my selfe, and my fellowes (which I may because I know their myndes) we thanke you, as far as we be a∣ble to say or think for your faithful paiment, brotherly loue and gentle curtesy. Ye haue so fynely coygned al, so order∣ly layd it forth, euery some by it selfe, and so gently deliuer it, that wee cannot chose, but allow it, and highly comend it. But one thing greeueth me (I think it doth my fellowes also) y^t ye leaue vs in the streame to swimme without helpe. Ye know righte well gentle Chirurgi, what a nomber of Gulphes be in the streame of Chirurgi, which ye haue not medled withal, and this requireth the helpe of an expert workmā, Wherfore we shal desyre you, to graunte vs some ayde. Certaynly we wil repayre to you agayne. for other things, which we wil shew you at your leasure.

Chirurgi

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WEl youre desires may do much w^t me, howbeit I may not promise at this present, al your desires or requestes, but of y^e hed I wil say some thing.

Soarenes.

Mary we pray you, shew vs the cures of the head, when it is wounded & in peril. For the hed is the prince of mēbers, whose cures are most hard, & so bid you fare wel.

Chirurgi.

NO man, deare Soarenes. that coueteth to gratify other,* 1.245 vseth to make lyghte of his frendes requestes, but rather imbraceth them with al dearnesse of mynd, specially if the thing truly asked, shalbee righteous and honest, or bryng the party, who is required to no hindraunce For if those poyntes should appere in any request, theire petitions woulde seeme dishonest, and worthy of repulse. For why, honesty and righteousnes should not please the desyred, more then the desyrer. Uerely men should bee far of from the way, if they thought, that iustice and honesty might be ac¦quyred by other mens losse, and discommodity. Wherfore seynge we consi∣der that the matter, which we couet to get al our estimation (for we desire to heare you talke of the maladyes, that come of a cause▪ primatiue in the head, with their cures) shal be no lesse to you profitable, than to oure selues quiet of conscience.

Soarenes.

WHy should we not boldly require this, namely, syth both of vs, you to declare, and we to hear, be most at leasure at this present time? We haue also good cause our selues in that our cōscience doth stirre, and encourage vs forth besydes the charitable loue, which we owe amonge our selues one to an other miserably afflicted, in such causes. Again if we did demaunde any thing rashly, perchaunce euen that, which should be pleasaunt to other men, might worthely be de∣nayed vs, for why, rashnes semeth to import two thinges: vnrighteousnes in the demaunder, or els vanity in the thing demaunded, yet for as muche as our sute is right iust and honest, and you pleasaunt Mayster Chirurgi. gentle and free harted to your frendes: let it be your wil and pleasure to re reason with vs concerning the matter, to the intent we through your apt and wyse communication, may declare so many daungers in y^e head (wher vnto these commom practicians, rushe out on with al haste, as doth Tom a Bedlem in his naked prograce) and also redresse the same, if anye suche chaunce vnder our symple playne handes. For you are the Man, as wee do thinke, who is skilful to cure hurtes in the head, and auoyde daungers in the same. And thus did we perceyue right wel, not onely at other tymes but specially in the places, where wounded menne are kept, wher yee helped greuous and perillous chauces in the hed. Go to then gentle mayster and follow your frendes desyre, which be in great loue with you. And thus do∣yng, ye shal doe vs presently great pleasure, and vnto our posterity.

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And al be it, yee cannot receiue worthy rewarde at our handes, for so great a benefyt: yet the almighty God, who doth suffer no good turne to be vnre∣warded, nor vice vnpunished, wil recompence your payne, and prosper you in your Actes and deedes, who euer bee praysed, for himselfe and his woorkes Amen.

Chirurgi

THe begynning of your matter, al be it, I did wel perceiue it, yet by means y^e tale was somwhat long, it was almost fallen out of my remembrance, I being now feeble, and fallen into decay with much labour of mynd, and anguish that I take for my pore frends. For according to the debt of our corrupt nature, they are decessed, and haue geuen vp their Soules, to whom the merciful God, not in respecte of their good dedes, but at the contemplacion of his owne bountiful clemē¦cye, graunte endles rest and saluation with his sayntes and elected. But yet as farre as I can remember, I noted in some, what we are bound to doe for our frendes and acquaintance, in consideracion of our familier con∣uersation with them. Of truthe we are not ignoraunte, dear frends, howe harde a thing it is for vs, at this present, to satisfy your desyre, speciallye, for as much as my mynd doth not only take care, but melteth away in floods of sorrowe, for the great affliction I daily feele. Is it possible, that I should content youre desyres with lyke wordes as I vsed, when I talked of woundes, apostumations, & vlcers? Uerely, I would I might gratify you, so that ye should couet no further in the matter. But alas, I am racte and tormented within my selfe, when I feele and consyder, myne insufficiencye and vntowardnes. But yet, lest I should be seene to turne my backe, and geue my dearest frendes a repulse or an vltimum vale (who be as myne own eyes) yet I wil take the matter for youre sakes vppon me. Neuerthelesse, this would I desyre & obtain at your hands, that none should interrupt me in my tale: but in such places, where I ende my whole matter. For the time is very short for our discourse, which we mynd to fynish. And certaynly, If I thought otherwyse, nothing were better to me, than to be questioned w^t in euery doubt, which you shal not neede.

Soarenes.

GEntle syr, ye haue most happely preuented vs. For the matter which wee were appoynted, to get at your hands or euer we came hether, by prayer or fauor, y^t haue you offred of your selfe Therfore seyng we are agreed of the matter, sette on a Gods name, and luckelye make the onset. For there may not be gre∣ater pleasure to vs, then to heare your woordes, and maner of talke, so y^t the precious fruite and profyt, which we looke for in especial, be preferred, for that is the matter.

Chirurgi.

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I Noted, deere Soarenes, and your friendes, that R. R. in hys famous worke, vnder whose banner I s••rued most & gat all that I haue, at his handes, or not wythout hys espe∣cilall fauour: dyd fatherly admonishe hys Schollers, and hearers, that they should to theyr possibility, try & s••arche out, the causes of diseases. Otherwise, they should attempt, to cure one thyng for an other, and gieue Chalke for Cheese.* 1.246 And if they dyd so, they should greatly erre in the cure or rather prouide a beare, to help theyr Pacients to theyr graue. Wherefore, I haue determined wyth my selfe, sith your will is so, that I shall daunger my selfe in the matter, to re∣cite vnto you the sicknesses, whych happen in the head, wyth theyr causes. And thys doe I, to th'entent we fall not vnaduisedly in that, had I wiste, whereof we mencioned before. They be fyue in number, that is to say,* 1.247 a∣postumacion, vlcer, wounde, bruse, and breaking. But as touching apostu∣macions, and Ulcers wythout, wee wyll heere make no further a do, be∣cause we haue sufficiently spoken of them before, in our former treatise of Woundes: whereunto yee may repayre at your pleasure. But as for bru∣ses, Woundes, and Breakynges, wee wyll lay our Foundacion, as farre as our Wit shall extende. Yee haue the Maladies, wherefore, wee may proceede to the causes and cures.

And fyrst, we wyll begin at a Bruse or Crushing,* 1.248 whose causes be falles and strokes, whereof followeth the member of the continuaunce broken. And here we vse thys terme, of the continuaunce, broken, or bruse: after a large maner, for euery riuing or frushing of mans fleshe, whych may bee two wayes, that is to say, by meanes of a Wounde, & wythout a Wound, As a bruse, whych shall be wythout Wounde, may easely be cured, except the bone, whych is vnder it, be riuen, the skin remayning whole & sounde. Whych hurte, the sicke himselfe, wyll shewe to the Chirurgian, by certayne sygnes, as by often scratching, or touching of the place wyth the Nayles, or by some other meanes. But if it be so, that yee cannot be persuaded,* 1.249 by the Pacientes shewing: or if ye be dryuen to and fro, and reasoning the mat∣ter wyth your selfe, as in sutch cases, mens myndes be pluckt, now hether, now thether. Yee must consider the smiter, of what strength and force, he might be of, & where wyth the stroke was inflicted: as in lyke maner the place also, whether any thing fell on the head, from an hygh. For the higher that the place is, and the mightier the smiter, so mutch the greater & worse must the bruse be deamed. For heauy thyngs. falling towards theyr naturall place, are founde of greater force & violence, at y^e ende of theyr dis∣cent & fall, than at y^e beginning, when they were fyrst losed of theyr staies.* 1.250 These thynges considered, ye shall make incision vnto the scalpe, ruling the same after sutch sort, as shall be declared afterward, when wee speake of ryuinges of the scalpe, wyth depression of the bone. On the other syde, yee gesse by the sayd sygnes, that the bone remayne sounde & vnbroken, then set al your intent, to the cure of y^e bruse: which shal stand in a resolutiue medi∣cine, being somewhat bynding wythall, if ye stand in feare of putrefaction.

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For what soeuer is brused or frushed, must needes putrefy, as Galen wry∣teth. But I suppose, yee are mynded to aske me a question. How it is, that resolutiues should be applied in bruses, wherein is great concurse, & shew∣ing of matter, for asmutch as repercussiues should rather be vsed, as was sayd, at the beginning of sutch matters. Yee haue well and trimly doub∣ted at the matter: for thys shal make mutch for the cure of a bruse in great perill, whereof yee shall diligently marke, that effusion of bloud doth im∣mediately follow vpon a bruse, because the veynes be violently cut of, and the mouthes op••ned. And the bloud whych shal so once be Isshewed forth, can neuer returne backe, into the veynes agayne. Wherefore, seeing it is wythout the vessels,* 1.251 it must needes putrefy. & so consequently, corrupt and rot the Fleshe. For thys purpose gentle resolutiues, being bynding things wythall, must be applyed at the beginning: whhere the one resolueth the bloud, and the other being contrary in working, closeth the veyne, that no more come forth. And hereof appeereth the ignoraunce, and ouersight of these Emperikes, and vagabonde Chirurgians. For they mynister repercus∣siues, at the beginning of euery bruse, wythout resolutiues: whereof fol∣loweth incision of necessity, if they wyll auoyde putrefaction. And there∣fore I wyll geue you the medicine, whych euer is vsed in sutch cases, that yee fall not in the lyke reprehension and shame.

Take Camomell, Melilot, Bran. ana. M.i. of Beanes, Lupines, and Barly meale. ana. ℥.ij. of Mirtilles. M.ij. of Cipresse nuttes .xv. bray sutch thinges as ought to be brayed fynely, and then seeth all in new Wyne and Barbers Lee, vnto the tyme it be lyke a Cerote. And at the ende, yee shal put these Oyles to the same, that is, of Dill, of Camomell, and of Mirte. ana. ℥.i. But note, here the Oyles must be vsed, where no putrefaction is. For in case of putrefaction, I would vtterly forbid them. Then play them agayne, tyll the Oyles be well incorporated: & afterward apply it warme. Marke well thys medicine. For it were a long matter, and to mutch for one day, to recite to you, how many haue beene cured, by the helpe of thys medicine alone.* 1.252 But if the bruse be concurraunt wyth a wounde, or euer yee worke in the matter: yee must diligently consider wyth your selfe, whether the rim or pannicule, whych from out forth, couereth the scalpe, be cut or not. And if it be not cut, the wounde must be cured, as we shew∣ed in the treatise of Woundes, sauinge that the digestiue must be made, wyth Rosed Omphacine and yolkes of Egges, ouer whych yee must euer apply thys medicine, whych we aboue recited. For it wyll keepe of putre∣faction, and harde corrupted bloud. And after thys maner, proceede forth in the cure, till sanious matter be generated, that done, lay aparte the dy∣gestiue and apply an abstersyue, in hys place. Whych may be made thus.

℞. Of cleere Teretintine. ℥.ij. of Syrupe of Roses. ℥.i.ss. of Plantayne water.* 1.253 ℥.ss. play them together, till y^e water be wasted, and then put there∣to. qss. of Barly meale, and a little Saffron as may be able, to colour the mundificatyue. But take it of the fyre, or euer yee put to the meale, and s••e it be well styrred, vntill it be well incorporated togeather. Now, when yee haue thus done, yee may vse it, and apply euer the same Vnguentum Ba∣silicum, after thys descripcion.

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Take oyle of Roses and Camomell. ana. ℥.iij. oyle of Mirtine.* 1.254 ℥.i.ss. play them togeather, till they acquire theym a blacke hugh, and then put these drugges to them, of cleare Terebintine. ℥.ij. of Shyp pitch. ℥.i. of new waxe ℥.ij ss. And play them agayne a little, and so take it of the fyre, and stirre it continually▪ till it be thicke. And for asmutch as these woundes, by reason of mutch sensibility of the part, be oftentymes vexed wyth an Erysipelas: thys place asketh to shewe, how we may withstande that troublesome malady.* 1.255 And to thentent ye may so do, note this, concerning an Erysipelas, or Chole∣rike apostumation, and Prynt it deepely in mynde. It is this. An Erysipe∣las may happen, by reason of boyling of the humour, or for that, that corrup¦ted matter, is retayned wythin. Whych thing we sawe our selues come to passe, by reason of matter, abyding wythin, in one worthy capitayn. Now this thyng is cured by purging of the cause: As Hippocrates sayth, Quaecun∣que aegretudines ex plenitudine fiunt, euacuatio sanat.* 1.256 If it be sharpened and cha∣fed, through heate & boyling of the Cholerike humour: anoynt it with Vn∣guentum Rosatum and lute the woūde wyth y^e same, as the best learned Chi∣rurgians dyd vse. For if mordicacion or heate be caused, by meane of Oynt∣ments: it will be pacified through coldnesse, whych is in y^e Medicine. After ye are at poynct wyth thys, couer the whole hole wounde wyth thys.

R. of Rosed Omphacine, and oyle Mirtine. ana. ℥.ij. of Vnguentum Ro∣satum. ℥ i. of Populion. ℥.ss. of whyte Waxe. ℥.iij. and melt all at the fyre: this done and prepared, infuse a lynnen cloth in the same oyntment, and see it be all to weated in it, and then take it forth, and cast it in colde water, y^t it may be thicke agayne. This cloth also must bee applied to the heade,* 1.257 for feare of a noying of the place: and be applyed where the hayre was shauen of. Moreouer, ye shall forme and shape one other cloth, after the same man∣ner, with the sayd oyntment, so that ye may make permutacion, at euen and mornyng, of the clothes. But if the panicule or rimme be cut, and the bone discou••red, ye shall neede more dilygence and circumspection, whiles ye search, whether the bone be clouen, or riuen in pieces. And if neyther of these faults be found, then is nothyng els to bee done,* 1.258 otherwyse than in woundes. sauyng y^t thys pouder shalbe sprinckled, where the bone was dys∣couered & opened. R. Aloes epatike, Sarcocoll, Myrrhe, ana. ʒ.iij. Fran∣kēsence. ʒ.i.ss. Flowerdeluce. ʒ.ss. & let it be made into fyne pouder, for y^e sayd vse. And as for farther prosecution of the matter, ye shall do as in y^e cure of woūdes. But in case y^e bone be riuen, an other maner of cure wyll hand∣fast you: whych wyll be farre distant, & vnlyke the former. And to the in∣tent ye may be able, to ascertayne your selfe, in sutch cliftes & reuinges, ye shal here note the sygnes & tokens, that follow clites, & riuings of aboue.

These thyngs be signes of a broken bone, vomityng, daslyng of eyes,* 1.259 ver∣tige or swinyng, blyndnes and fallyng. All whych must be vnderstand, to happen at that present, when the stroke was giuē. And sometyme an apo∣plexie, a dumpysh priuacion of sense, and a feuer with a vehement horroure and colde doe ensue. Now were the pacient taken of a Feuer, withoute Colde, there were no great Daunger in the matter, for that accydente

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commeth ofttyme, of a priuate cause, whych mooueth the accident. And where it is not possible. but the body should be replet, or vacant of super∣fluous humours, so it cannot be, but there should insue great difference, at that diuersity. For if thys kynde of breakyng, occupy a vacant body, the Paci••nt wyll be wythout Feuer: But if it fall to a repleat Body, laden wyth euill humours, the Physicians may thyncke the stroke to be daun∣gerous, and hard of cure. For wee haue thys lesson of Auicen, saying: all Woundes,* 1.260 and Ulcers be daungerous. whych chaunce vpon superfluities of a wayward, and froward Body. And albeit, it be daungerous, if the Pacient be taken wyth a Feuer, at the beginning, yet is the matter more to be suspected, if he be inflamed wyth Feuers, three or foure dayes, after the stroke was gieuen, because thys should spryng of putrified Bloude, re∣tayned wythin the Scalpe vppon the Rimmes, whych thyng is knowen by the increasing of the accidentes. Notwythstandinge, thys may bee also, whē sanious matter is a generating. For why, Hippocrates affyrmeth in hys Aphorismes,* 1.261 that Dolours, and Feuers wyll happen, more at Gene∣rating of matter, than when it is generated. But thys may easely be dis∣ceuered: For here the accidents fall and be a layed, but there they be aug∣mented and increased, Therefore, when sutch accidentes shall insue vppon a stroke, euen the same day, ye may well Iudge, that the breache or brea∣kyng is complet. Whych if yee mynde to cure rightly, yee shall forthwyth prouyde these thynges before your eyes. Fyrste, when the matter is come to that poynct, that ye must make incision, feare not to cut the Wounde, after the maner of a triangle, or one ryght angle, or els of a crosse, and re∣mooue the Fleshe from the Bones.* 1.262 When ye haue so done fill vp y^e wound wyth small quisettes, well weate before in the whytes of Egges. Howbe∣it, note and obserue this alwayes, that the quisettes, whych shall touch the bone, must be weate in hoat Wyne, for feare of altering and spotting of y^e bone: better than if they were weate in whytes of Egges, by reason of the coldnes. For why, Hippocrates saith. Frigidum inimicum neruis, ossibus, cerebro & spinali medullae: calidum vtile & amicum. Colde is an Ennemy to the Sy∣newes,* 1.263 Bones, Teeth, Brayne, and the Nuke, or Marowe of the Backe, but heate is profitable and friendly: and therefore colde must be kept from the Skull, least we stumble at that blocke by errour, Now thys operaci∣on fynished, yee shall geue the Pacient in commaundement, to rest him selfe after that maner vntill the next morning, prescribinge hym an order, how he shall rule himselfe, & hys diet. Hys dyet shalbe to eate Wheat bread, or tryed and boyled Barly wyth Almonde mylke,* 1.264 and drynke boyled Borage water, for y^e space of foure dayes: and after the fourth day is past, geue hym Wheaton, for Barly bread, dipped in Chicken broth, or broth of Mutton of the Weather, least the sycke be ouermutch weakned, with the slender diet. Now the next day, returne to your Pacient, & open his woūd gētly, whych done, search the Bone well and warely, wyth a searcher of seluer, whych must neyther be to blunt, to ouer runne the rimmes, or clifts neyther so small or fyne, that it should enter into them. Yee shall search it thus. Draw the Searcher to and fro, pretely vppon the Bone: and if it slyde playnly wythout stay, it is a sygne the Scalpe is saulfe and sounde.

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But if it stay, and fynde some let, ye may then think well,* 1.265 that the bone is clouen and cut. But now, in as mutch as we speak of rimmes, and because they be dyuers, this place requireth, to distincte them properly, or euer we medle further in the cure.

Fissures or Chinkes, be caused in the heade two wayes: with a thyng, whych geueth a blunt stripe, or els wyth a thing, whych cutteth.* 1.266 If it bee wyth a thyng, that giueth a blunt stripe, the thyng properly, is called a clift or a ryuing. And if it be wyth a cut, it is called a chynke or a clift. And all these varry in length, shortnes, largenes, and smalnes, they vary also other∣wyse. For euery of them, I say, the chinke and clift,* 1.267 may be wyth depressi∣on of the bone, or wythout depression. For an instrument, whych cutteth, may cause depression, namely, if it be thicke or blunt. And albeit, they agree in the former poynctes, yet they differ in this, that is to say, the clift, which is caused by a bruse, is euer thought to be with penetracion, or through go¦ing and percing of the bone, where it is not a lyke alway in a cut or incisi∣on. I say this of mens scalpes, and not of chyldren. For in chyldren, which be within seuen yeare of age: we may be deceyued, as we see by experience. For why, sutch sculles will be infolded,* 1.268 because they be not yet hardned ne strengthned: and moysture also aboūdeth in them, whych property is not founde in mens scalpes that are come to ripe age. For mens Scalpes wyll ryue. and be cut through, rather than be infolded, by reason of the hardnes, and drought of the Bone. Wherefore, men that are come to hardnesse, are depryued of this, which is founde in tender age. And after what sort, eue∣ry of these may be cured, we shall declare orderly, when we haue fyrst pre∣mysed the intencions, whych must needes be obserued, if we intend ware∣ly, to eschue daungers in sutch cases. And as soone as we shalbe at poynct wyth thys, wee shall accomplyshe our promise, both of a ryuing or clyft, wyth the depression of the bone.

Presupposing then the regiment of lyfe, these be the chiefe and pryncipall intencions about thys cure: that is to wit, to conserue the complexion of the member in hys proper state, to prohibite Apostumacions, and to apply locall medicines fit for the purpose. Certes we may conserue the complexi∣on, and rectify it, if it be decayed, wyth Emplasters,* 1.269 as Auicen wryteth in the chapiter, of the wounding of the skin of the head. Et principium quidem consistit in emplastris, & erit rectificatio. &c. The beginning standeth in plasters, and so will the rectification be soone had. We shall preuent or put of apo∣stumacions, if we shall worke the thynges, whych the Pacientes strength shalbe able to abyde and suffer, as we haue commaundement in the same place. And doubtles, the disposicion of the Body, shall away wyth it well inough, if we proceede no farther than till the cause of apostumation, be in∣tercepted and cut of. These be the causes of an hoat apostumacion, Siphac,* 1.270 a gobbet of a bone, pryckinge the vtter Rimme, whych is called Dura mater, annoyaunce of tentes, colde approaching to the Rimmes, or Pannicules, plenty of meate and Drinke, and the secret euill (as they call it) whych I vnderstand, to be a certayne malignity of Complexion, and superfluities of froward bodyes: which we shall preuent & cut of by purgation and bloud

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letting. The Pacient shall bee purged, according to the signification of his vryne.* 1.271 For why, that wyll shewe the humour, whych is excessyue in y^e bo∣dy, as we sayd in the cure of Ulcers. And as touching bloud letting it hath, as hee sayth, two intencions: the one to make euacuacion, and the other to prohibit, or wythdrawe. But where we treate of bloud letting, I pray you of good Fellowshyp, note thys well: for it shall greatly make for the preseruacion, and sauegard of your Pacient, whych is soare, and for your selfe also.

* 1.272Note, deerely beloued, that it may chaunce, that the sycke come vnder your handes, the same day he was wounded, or els after the fourth. From the fyrst day vnto the fourth exquisytely, you may vse dyuers bloud letting, because thys is the tyme, when matter causing Apostumation, vseth to flow▪ & turne agayne to y^e place. And thys bloud letting must bee made in the common veyne, called Mediana, of the opposite arme. Here yee shall dyli∣gently marke, and take heede, that yee erre not, in the signification of thys worde opposite, as some haue, whych were not seene in thys worde at all. For thys word opposite,* 1.273 signifieth contrariety, as when a thynge is placed, ouer agaynst the contrary part. Wherefore, the partes of the ryghte syde, may not properly be opposite one to an other, wythin themselues, but parts of the right syde, to the partes of the left. Thys wyll appeere in the shape of mans body, whych is erected and fygured, after the maner of a Qua∣drant, albeeit, it bee not fully square and shaped wyth equality of corners, as is a true quadrant or square.* 1.274 Now it is euident, that thys quadrangle, in maner is measured, wyth two Diameters, whych also properly bee op∣posite. So hauing respect to thys quadrangle, it shall be an easy matter to see▪ on whether part the veyne shall be opened. And thys bloud letting, as we sayd before, is made for two purposes, according as the cause requireth, that is to weete, to make euacuacion, or els to diuert or turne away the bloud to the opposite part, If your entent be to turne a syde the bloude, it must be done in the opposite part.* 1.275 For example: When the Wounde is in the left syde, a veyne of the ryght syde shall bee opened: & contrarily, when the Wounde is in the ryght syde, a vayne of the left, whych must bee the common. On the other part, if your purpose be onely to make euacuation, yee shall worke the feate in the vayne, whych is most proper to the parte wounded. As bee the vaynes in both handes, called Cephalicae, that is. the head vaynes: whych wyl voide matter and bloud from the ••ead. Where∣fore, they doe amysse, and euilly, yea, maliciously, who indifferently take bloud of the one, or other hand at the beginning, where the intent should be to diuert, and turne away the bloud by fleubotomy. For they make eua∣cuation, and turne not away the bloud, to the contrary part, and so conse∣quently cause they the feebled member,* 1.276 to bee more feeble, and decayed in sutch wyse, that other members send thyther theyr superfluityes, as hee sayth, Quicquid delirant reges, plectuntur Achiui: What fault so euer bee com∣mitted amongest the hygh counsayles, the poore People suffereth for it. For it is certayne, that the member is feebled, as soone as it is wounded.

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Wherefore in so doing, they open the way to apostumation whyles they thyncke to preuent and stop it, and become occasion of the Pacients death. And thus craftely worke the Emperikes, and Heathen Uagaboundes, co∣ueting not onely to slea, and sup the Chrystian bloud, but vtterly to extin∣guishe the Chrystian name, if it were possible. Yet a Gods name, wee can abyde to call them vnto vs, and intertayne them wyth al gentlenes, where we should not only forbid them the arte, but also treade them vnder oure feete, and make them bond Slaues, as the Turkes doe vs Chrystian men, when they take vs, and vse vs worse than Dogges.

Now, in case the Body bee full, and replenished wyth humours,* 1.277 ye shall let your Pacient bleede agayne, in the same place, where yee let him bloud before. But if the apostumation were in the clensing places, as vnder the arme holes, Flankes, and eares, I would in no wyse let my Pacient blede, for that malady: because I fynde not, why I shoulde so doe. For an Apo∣stumacion may not a rise, in the emunctory places, but by euilnesse or ma∣lignity of some pryncipall member, or by reason of the superfluities of some member adiacent. If the place be apostumated through matter, expelled from a principall member: Fleubotomy were not to the purpose, because the matter myght bee reuoked inwarde, whych Nature had put forth. Neyther should it be well to the purpose also, if the swelling came of super∣fluityes, of y^e next parts thereunto. For we should put the matter from the vnnoble and petite member, and burdein agayne the pryncipall wyth it, whereof would ensue great inconueniences and daungers. Wee bee also fobidden to vse repercussiues, for feare of the lyke daungers, in the sayde emūctory or rūning places. But if I had occasion (in as mutch as we liue, and haue a doe wyth nyce, foolishe, and wylfull people, which cal for things to theyr saufety, in sutch wyse, that we must woorke agaynst our Rules, to satisfy theyr lustes) I would open in that case, the Basilica, or lyuer veine. And it shall make no matter, whether yee open the veyne in the ryghte syde, or left, so the Apostumation bee in the vpper part of the body: but in case the apostumation be in the lower part,* 1.278 bloud may bee taken from the Lyuer veynes, in the foote of the opposite parte, accordinge as yee shall thyncke it most conuenient. Howbeit, it wyll be surer, and farther from pearill, to take bloud of the Lyuer, in the same parte of the Foote. For it were ieoperdy, least some humidite, retayned in the glandeous Fleashe, might by stirring and angering of the matter, cause Apostumations. Wel, I haue sayd inough, as touching bloud letting, now wee wyll to the lo∣call Medicines, whych shall be declured in the cure. Wherefore, let vs come to the cure of a breacke in y^e Scalpe, namely of a clyfte, or a ryuing: and fyrste here marke thys Fygure for bloude lettynge, heere after thys place.

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[illustration]

Under y^e ton are .iij. veines, which ar good to be opened a∣gainst Apople¦xia Angina, & stopping of y^e sprits of aspe∣ration, and re∣spiraciō, and al the euils of the mouth, tōgue, and throate.

R: The veine cal∣led Sciatica, & cōmeth frō be∣neth the Knee▪ downward, & are .ij. in num∣ber. & are good to be opened in warme water to help y^e swel∣ling of the se∣cret members & also y^e payne called Sciatica.
Q: Saphena, com∣meth from the holownes vn∣der the kne, as Sciatica doth. It is in y^e in∣side of y^e ancle and is opened for the Splene Matrix. &c.
P: The vaine of y^e forehead, to be opned against frensy Megrē ache in the hed forgetfulnesse, &. soarenesse in the eyes. &c. 〈◊〉〈◊〉 this vain sprin¦geth from the outward thro∣ate veine.
O: Vena externa or Cephalica in the arme, is opened with a large cut, not dep to let forth grosse matter, and to clense the head, from al greeues, as falling sicknes dimnes of head. &c.
A.: Mediana. which is in the myddest is the chief or gain or spring of the bloude, it must bee o∣pened to helpe the sides, Mi∣drife, stomack, hoat feuers &c
D: Vena interna. or Basilica, cōmyng from the heart and lyuer, by this veyne is a sy∣new like to it, in which is cō¦tayned y^e spy∣xite of lyfe, & vnder y^e same are mighty si∣newes, there∣fore it is peri∣lous to open y^e veyne but by great know∣ledge, but it help to be ope¦ned agaynst pleuricy, pesti¦lence. &c.
B: A braunch of Cephalica in the hand.
H: Funis brachij.
G: Saluatella.
E: These .iij. last are of smale force to ••open, because little bloud doth cū from thē, but yet to open these smal vai¦nes in warme water, doth helpe Apo∣plexia.

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But yet or euer we take the cure in hand, I think it mutch appertayning to our duety, to shewe what way we mynde to follow in the cures. For I haue found two, after Auicen, whereof the one doth only moyste, and the o∣ther only dry. But to say truth, neyther of them liketh me, by it selfe alone. For if I vsed the way of moysting, in a bruse, I might well doubt of pu∣trefaction, because thys way greatly promoteth putrefaction. For it is done wyth oyles, and yolkes of Egges,* 1.279 whych cause putrefaction in a bru∣sed place. On the other part, the way of dryuyng downe, wyth Aqua vitae, & the pouder, whych Auicen describeth in the Chapyter, De incisione cutis, before alledged, doth not fully content me, though it haue two parts: whereof the one defendeth from putrefaction, but y^e other parteth not the brused. There¦fore, because I would not fall into eyther extreamity of onely drying, or on∣ly moystyng▪ I haue gathered a certayn way of them both, consistyng be∣twene them both. For it shall altogether haue vertue, to dry and to moyst, because as I iudge, medycines for the head, must actually moyst, and drye potencially. For by the help of drought, we preserue the complexion of the bone, and pannycles whych be dry of complection, as Galen wryteth. And by moysture, wee procure dygestion, if any thyng were turned and brused. All these thynges shall we obtayne, wyth Rosed Hony strayned, Aqua vitae, & the pouder, whych we shal order in y^e cure. Neyther must you maruayle at the matter, my frend Soarenesse, and your Felowes, as dyd one, when he heard a man say, that Hony was moyst in feeling, and drying in vertue and workyng. Uerely of hys corpulency, if I may so say, it moysteth, but as touching his qualityes & vertue, hys operacion is drying. But it was no wonder, that the young Phylosopher, dyd not perceyue the matter: Alas he had not yet read ouer bookes of simples, neyther the Prynciples of Phi∣losophy. Lady Ignoraunce caused him to muse, but not to search the cause, as did the Phylosophers, as Aristotle wryteth, in his supernaturals. He woulde not haue marueyled, if hee had read Aristotle concerning the mynglinge of the Elementes: whereby hee shoulde haue easely per∣ceyued, that Hony is of the Qualityes, whereof I reported it to be, by reason of the complection in mynglyng, if it bee aduisedly consydered, according to his essence and Nature. And if there shall bee any man, whych shall not perceyue throughly, the Nature of the Symples, con∣tayned in Medicines, yet let hym assuredly perswade hymselfe, that I wyll descrybe no other way of Cure, than I haue wrytten, and haue got thereby, both profyt and good well spent tyme: yee haue heard the cautelles and prouisions, whych I recken necessary. Nowe wyll I or∣derly descrybe you the cure.

Then, when yee fynde a Clift, by reason of a Bruse, yee shall obserue thys order: if ye mynde to cure it rightly, in hys kynde. Fyrste,* 1.280 before all other things, cōsider whether it be wyth depression, & infolding of y^e bone, or not. For if it be with depression, or infolding, all that, whych is brused, must needes be taken forth: because it woulde otherwyse prouoke some

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apostumacion. For why, in that case it coulde not be otherwyse, but some gobet of bone would be vnder the scalp, pricking the vtter rimme, or Dura mater. And in thys case heare them not, whych shall counsayle & perswade, to remooue part of the brused, and to leaue part. For these men cannot re∣moue the whole cause, in as mutch as in euery little part of y^e brused bone, may be some shiuer, whych by priking wyll come to apostumacion. There∣fore to auoyde, and eschue the sayd cause, let vs take forth all the brused. But if the clift be founde, wythout depressing of the bone, ye may not cut out altogether, but only make an hole in that part, where the matter shall most easely come forth. And to the performaunce of thys worke, yee haue three proper instrumentes,* 1.281 the Sawe, the Chesill, and Wimble, amongest whych we haue most neede of the Wimble, because I fynde in it more cō∣modity than in other instrumentes.

Fyrst, it will lightly make y^e hole, yea, and that without mutch molesting of the Pacient: whych thyng cannot be done, without raspatory. Againe it wyll make an hole,* 1.282 and euentacion, meete for the Passage of matter. Howbeit, there is one great discommodity, in thys instrument, whych is, it wyll lyghtly pearce the Brayne, if it bee not handled of a ryght experte Worke man, in that behalfe. But thys chaunceth vnder hys Handes, who alwayes turneth the Wimble about, after one maner fashyon, where he should vse a trimmeling kynde of moouing the Wymble, for if the Wimble passe through. by the rounde moouing, and so touch the Dura mater, it will cut and rent the same, which doth lyghtly happen in a tremblyng mouing. For if it touched the Dura mater, it myght wel prycke her, but not pearce her through.* 1.283 Wherefore, it would leaue her whole and sounde. And therefore, who so would exercise thys feate, ought to haue a light hande, and witty head togeather, wyth a sad Iudgement, and not to be taken from among them, that haue vsed to handle grosse matters, and occupacions: as Dig∣ging, or Plowing, heauing of Tymber, and currying of Horses. For theyr handes be hardened wyth labours, and may not lightly feele when it is through the bone, if they lay lode on theyr worke. And therefore thys work must be done, wyth most exquisite diligence, and circumspection, least wee slea Men, whyles we labour to preserue them. For thys cause, you must gieue some attendaunce to them, whych handle thys woorke manlike: so that ye may the better, and wyth more sauegard, attempt thys cure after∣ward. Now, as soone as the scalpe shalbe holed, ye shal wyth al speede pos∣sible,* 1.284 power in so mutch Rosed Hony strayned, as shall be able to couer the rimme of the Brayne. Thys hast is made, least the Ayre be entred in, and made alteracion in Caphelica, next power Aqua vitae vpon the Hony, till the hole shalbe fylled, whereunto ye shall cast so mutch of thys pouder, as may ryse the depth of a Knyffes thicknes, from the Rimme.

R. Aloes, Epatike, Sarcocol, Mirrhe, ana. ʒ.i.ss. Incense. ʒ.i. Dragons bloud. ʒ.ss· and. ℈.ss. of Saffron myngle them together, and ponder them fynely, for the vse we spake of. All thys doe we, to saue the Complexion of the bone, and pannicles, after the mynde of Auicen, and Galen, as is alledged before. When ye haue thus done, take so mutch of a Sponge, as may bee

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sufficient to fill the hole: and thys is done for two considerations. The fyrst is, to exclude the noyaunce of tentes.* 1.285 For a Sponge wyl gyue place to the stretchyng of the brayne, and tentes can not, but somewhiles cause apostumacion, by reason of their resistaunce and stubbernesse. The other cause is, that the matter is sone drawen forth, from the pannicles. For it myght alter, if it remayned any whyle, or els be imprisoned, whych is no rare and straunge thyng, to see daily in the cures of these lyght and commō Practicians. After al thys, fil the wounde wyth Aqua vitae, pouder, & linte: applying vpon the same a peece of cloth, anoynted wyth Vnguentum Basili∣cum aboue described, to the intent the medicines be retayned there. And when yee haue acccomplished all these thynges in order, lay thys plaster on the head shauen.

Take Camomell, Melilote,* 1.286 ana. M.iij. Mirtilles .M.ij. Cipresse nuts .xv. red Roses, and Wormewood. ana. M.i. Beane meale, & Lupine meale, ana. ℥.iiij. Bray all that ought to bee brayed, and seeth them altogether▪ in newe, whyte Wyne, and Barbers Lee, of lyke porcions, vnto sutch time as it shall be lyke a Cerote. After thys, spreede it on a cloth warme▪ and ap∣ply it to y^e head. Thys plaster is vsed for many purposes. Fyrst, to comfort the head, by strengthing of the complexion, next to defende from colde, and rectify the ayre, whych is inclosed. Thys is it that Auicen sayth:* 1.287 Oportet vt vehemens caueatur f••igus, et••am in aestate, quoniam in eo est timor magnus. Yce must beware of vehemēt colde, though it were in Sommer, because there is great feare in it. He meaneth that the Ayre must bee rectified, namely, whych entreth into the head, at the opening of the Scalpe. For some wyll go in. whether yee wyll or not to fulfill the roome, in as mutch as nature cannot suffer any place to be vacant, or empty, as the Phylosopher doth wryte. He meaneth not that the whole ayre of the Chamber, oughte to be rectifyed, as some Practicians thincke, and woulde fayne be seene to be circumspect in the matter. Thyrdly, to procure digestion. Fourthly,* 1.288 to drawe sanious matter, as soone as it is generated, and retayned in the Sponge, Fifthly, to resolue the matter, whych is wont to cause Apostu∣macion. For oft tymes (as sayth Galen, whom Auicen citeth) apostumaci∣on foloweth whatsoeuer instrument ye vse, whych yee shall preuente and eschue, if ye apply the former plaister on the head. And thys may easely ap∣peare, if a man consider diligently, the Simples in the playsters. Now, thus shall you proceede in the cure, vnto sutch tyme as the Cicatrice shall be produced: alway iterating and renewing, the former medicines, as of∣ten as they shalbe olde, and dismitted. But in asmutch, as the fleshe grow∣eth here aboue hys place, ye shall represse and keepe it downe, wyth Roche Alum brent, applying it alway, in the circuite of the superflous flesh. But moderate the Alum in small quantity, that it cause no dolour,* 1.289 by reason of his vytinge, & mordicacion. Thys is the selfe same maner, whych hether∣unto hath bin vsed in cures, wherewyth haue bin holpen aboue many hundred persons, in our tyme: but I neede not heere make rehearsall of theym, sith a manyfest thyng shall neede no Witnesses. But I say, I re∣member one thing, whych was almost forgotten negligently, and is neces∣sary

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to be obserued about opening of a scalpe, whych is thys. When yee open the scalpe, in sutch cures, and make an hole for the foresayd purposes: be you ware that yee touch not any seame of the scalpe.* 1.290 They bee fyue in number, two vncomplet and false, and three true seames. The fyrst is na∣med Coronal, of a crowne, because the crownes be worne in that place, & it is in the former part of y^e head: the second Lambda or Lauda, lyke y^e Greeke letter, λ, which is in the hinder part of the head. The thyrd true seame, Sa∣gittal,* 1.291 like an arrow, vnder the partyng of the haire, whence one ende tou∣cheth the seame Coronall, and the other Lambda, in the hynder part: the two false seames, be at sydes in the regions, or plattes in the temples, Now in case any clyfte or chynne, touch eyther of the two, we must vs•• mutch dili∣gence, and c••rcumspection. Note here also, that clyftes and chynnes, may chaunce in the sayd seames: either in length, whych is, when the clyft to∣gether wyth the seame, make .iiij streyght angles: or els in breadth. If it chaunce in length, the bone must needes be bored, and holed on both sides, of the seame, because the particion of Dura mater may not ••ee touched in the Woorke. I say it must needes be holed on bothe sydes for as mutch as it may be, that bloud be fallen from the veines, in both partes, and there be congeled. For if we would feele, or worke in the seame where Dura mater is bound and stayed (as do they,* 1.292 whych come fro practice to Chi¦rurgi) we might well feare and doubt, of suffocacion of the brayne, because the rimme being losed, should presse it downe, and so choake it. And that we should make no sutch loosing of Cephaljca in the place, we are admoni∣shed by Cornelius Celsus, in the Chap. De calua••iae curatione. Howbeit, he do∣eth it in consideration of Hippocrates confession, where to the profit of hys posterity, he confesseth that he was deceyued, working in a seame. Where fore, yee shall not worke in any seame, least yee be deceyued, as was Hippo∣crates, Prynce of Physicions. But if y^e fissure or membrana chaunce in bredth yee shall make holes in the same, in both sides of the seame: alwayes obser∣uing thys, that neyther particion, neyther seame be touched at all. When these holes be made, yee shall finishe the Cura, according to the order and maner, as was before prescribed. And as for the thinke, yee shall doe in lyke maner, if ye be assured, that it perce and run through the scalpe. On the o∣ther syde, if it go not through that part of the scalpe, whych they call vitrea tabula, that is, the Glassy table but only come to the Spongious bone: Ye shall proceede to the cure, wyth Aqua vitae, and the pouder alone, whych shalbe sufficient. Now if yee list, ye may playne and abate the bone▪ about the riuen place, whereof wyll followe sooner incarnacion, and causing of the Cicatrice. These be rules, and orders in y^e cures, whych are not mutch vsed in hard maladies proceeding of a cause primitiue. Nowe therefore, haue you that, whych ye so earnestly haue required: A gifte in myne opi∣nion, as great as my poore knowledge is able to bryng to passe shortly for the help of mankinde, whych is in Soarenesse, but yet I dyd keepe these thynges long wyth my selfe, to the intent I myght once at least, so soone content your myndes. But whether I haue so done, as myne entent was,

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I am vncertayne. For why, I am become in these treactises, as one that buildeth hys house in the middes of the Market steede, about the whych, as touching the heyght, and breadth, among the lookers thereupon aryse alteracion, & controuersy, whereas the Builder thought hys worke of con∣uenient proporcion. So feare I, least perchaunce my doing, shall seeme to some, abiect and base, and to some other, to obscure or darke. But certes, in asmutch as I am not able to please al sortes, I thought it best, to retaine the meane way in speaking, specially sith I neuer lyked, to flye ouer y^e tops of trees: but playnely to go a soft pace, & as it were wyth a leaden foote, to the intent, that who so listed to ouer get me, myght the easier attayne thereunto, wythout paynefull trauell in theyr Iourney. And thus gentle Soarenesse: wyshing God to sende thee health, and vs to meete meryly agayne: I make an ende wyth a Cautery good for thy purpose: and a rule to help the stone.

Soarenesse.

But fyrst how make you the red pouder, for the parting water?

Chirurgi.

YOu must make it thus. ℞. Of water wherewith Goldsmithes doe seperate golde and siluer, whych is greene,* 1.293 when it hath se∣perated the mettalles: of thys take. ℥.vj. of Quicksiluer. ℥.iiij. myngle them together, and put them eyther into a little stone Limbecke, or Still, or els into one of Uenice glasse, well luted wyth clay, bothe the head of the Still, and the parte whereupon it standeth, and also the receyuer, whereinto it droppeth, that none passe away. Distill it on a softe fyre, in a close▪ Furneyce. Your parting water is thus made.

R. Salt Peter, Alum Roche, and Romayne Uitriall, ana. l i.ij. beate them together in a Morter, then put it into a double glasse, well luted, or so stopped, that no ayre do transpire, or go forth: thys wyll make a singu∣ler good Water, drop one gutta or drop vppon the grounde, and you shall see it boyle, as though it were on the fyre. These are profitable, to the worke of Chirurgj, in foule soares, and Ulcers: here is good occasion my∣nistred, to speake of making of Medicines. But I referre that, to the booke of Compoundes, where there are not onely good store of them, but also good medycines, no lesse profitable to Chirurgj, than needefull to Phi∣sicke.

Soarenesse.

Now how make you Lee, to open, in the maner of a Cautery?

Chirurgi.

MAke it after thys fashion.* 1.294 R. A prety rounde Tub of two gal∣lons, wyth a hole in the bottome. stopped, put into thys Tub, ashes of the Ashe tree. Make a hoale in the middes, to put in a pottell or more, of vnslecked Lyme, and powre vpon it quick∣ly hoat Lee, as mutch as shall couer the Lyme, and wyth all speede couer it wyth Ashes, that y^e ayre may be kept in, for two dayes: the

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thyrd vnstop the hole, and let the water distill, from the Lyme and Asshes, and keepe thys in a close Uessell. Thys wyll quickly open any part that is soare, as apostumacions wythout payne: and if an Egge wyll not sinke in it, but fleete, then it is good Lie, for the purpose.

Soarenesse.

THere are good pouders, profitable to your Arte, I pray you learne mee some of them, to clense dead Flesh: and as for y^e booke of Compoūds, I wyll reade that at more leysure.

Chirurgi.

* 1.295I Wyll teache you to make a trosse, to clense rotten Fleshe, whych is. R. Water of Plataine. ℥.vi. Mercury well sublimated, & made in pou∣der. ℥.ss. Seeth them in a little Pan, to the consuming of the fourth part: then let it stand .xij. houres, after kneade it with a little▪ Beanemeale, and roul•• them vp into a trosse. Note also, that you must mingle so mutch Uermilion, wyth the Beanemeale, as wyll colour it: dry thys trosse, in an Ouen, or hoat Sunne.

Soarenesse.

How make you a potenciall Cautery?

Chirurgi.

TO make a Cautery. R. Of the strongest Sope Lie, asmutch as wyll suffyse,* 1.296 put it in a brasen Kettle. Put thereunto. ʒ.i ss. Romayne Uitri∣all, let all seeth vntill the Lyquor be consumed, then gather vp the Fome, that doth remayne: and keepe thys to open Apostumacions. For in ope∣ning wythout payne, thys doth excell all other.

Soarenesse.

BUt that the tyme is farre spent, and I haue put you to mutch paynes, els I would haue learned some thyng, to haue taken away Grauell & Stone, from the Kidneys, Raynes, and Bladder.

Chirurgi.

AT thys present, I haue no tyme conuenient, to serue that turne at large: it requireth no small trauell. For like as among all mor∣tall euills, the Stone is the greatest: so the cure is most cunning. Notwythstanding, I shall by Gods grace intreate, hereafter at large,* 1.297 the diet, the proper medicines, cure, and cutting of the stone. But yet in the meane tyme, let the Pacient keepe hym warme. Eate no salt fyshe, or Fleshe burnt, rosted meates, hard Cheese, or slimie thyngs, ingenderers of viscious humours, grosse or clammy▪ Or drynke hoat Wynes, or eate Uenison, or any water Foule, or bee costiffe bellied, or keepe theyr Backe hoat. &c. The signes of the Stone are euident, as paynes in the Raynes, Bladder, Yarde, Loynes. &c. Wyth paynfull lamenting and crying, stop∣ping of the Uryne. &c. The causes are many, as of Parentes, of euill Diet, wyth many euill accidentes. The vryne often tymes doth declare the euils of those partes, as Hippocrates in the thyrd part of the .ix. of hys Aphoris∣mes affirmeth,* 1.298 saying: Si sanguinem aut pu•• mingat, renum aut vesicae exulceratio∣nem significat. To make water, or pisse bloud, or els filthy matter: it signify∣eth

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Soares and Byles, eyther in the Raynes, or els in the Bladder: and assuredly, sutch Soares, and Ulcers,* 1.299 come from the stone the whych doe excoriate, fret, cut, and cause both Bloude and Matter wythout vryne, to come forth at the Yarde. But sometyme pure bloud is pissed, of the brea∣king of a Ueyne: and sometime from Women, for the secret infirmity, or naturall passion, through clensing of termes. But grauell in the Uryne,* 1.300 be∣tokeneth the stone in the Bladder, sayth Hippocrates. lib. iij. Aphorism. Qui∣bus in vrina velut arenuae subsistunt, ijs vesica laborat. calculo. Furdermore, it is skant possible, for olde people to be helped in the Raynes, or Bladder,* 1.301 for y^e stone. Specially in great glotonous people, as Drunkardes with Ale and Beere: or els them, which were neuer satisfied with Lechery in theyr youth &c. Howbeit, to speake a little, for the help thereof, two thynges must bee considered. Fyrst, the preseruatiue. Secondly, the curatiue.* 1.302 The preserua∣tiue, by good Dyet, and wholsome regyment of Lyfe, as what yee do eate, the maner of eating and drinking. The tyme, the place, the quality and the quantity of the sayd meates and drinkes: as meate of light digestion cleane Bread wythout Bran. Not to bee to mutch hoat or colde, neyther mutch trauell, or sitting still idle, but good exercise. &c. And note, when the stone is in y^e Bladder, then it is harder than that whych is in the Raynes, and more burnt. Now, if your grauell come of heate,* 1.303 or through hoat ac∣cidents, as wyth hoat Wynes, Labour. &c. Then follow. C. Galens Sy∣rupe, whych is most excellent also, in thys our age, and is thus made.

R. Syrupe of Endiue, of Sorell, of water Lillies, ana. ℥.v. the Waters of Fenell, of Endiue, ana. ℥.i. mingle them together, and geue the Pacient to drynk, Morning and Euening: and anoynt the Raynes, wyth Galens colde oyntment, whych is wrytten in the Compoundes.

Soarenesse.

But what remedy, when the Stone commeth of colde?

Chirurgi.

GALEN must put to hys helping hande, whych wylleth,* 1.304 when sutch contraries do happen, when nature is so chaun∣ged from heate into coldnesse, or if it were colde from the beginning: then to help wyth warme thynges, to dissolue, and thys was hys reamedy. R. Theriacae Galeni. ʒ.i. Syrupe of the Barkes of the Citri. ℥.i. warme water,* 1.305 as of Carduus Benedictus. &c. ℥.ij. mingle them together, and geue your Pacient, or take it your selfe ten dayes: For it is no lyght trifling Medicine, but most effectu∣all, and substanciall, inuented by Galen. And lyke as in hoat burning of the stoue, to drynke cleane Whay, or Butter mylke is good,* 1.306 and to eate Pur∣slen: euen so in the case of coldnesse, Hares fleshe sodden with Capers, and young Nettles is best, and a morninges to eate halfe an Ounce of newe drawen Cassiafistula myngled wyth Suger: and to drynk Whay of Goats mylke. Oh that Men would foresee, the euilles agaynst Nature, as Fe∣uers, Poxe, Leapers, Goutes, Stone, Cankers. &c. And take in hande to helpe them, in theyr fyrst Spryng, for then they would bee soone helped.

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As example. Fyre and Water, are good Seruauntes, but euill Maysters. For if they get the victory, who can rule them? the proofe is manifest: for it is easy to quench a fyre in the beginning:* 1.307 but when it hath gotten holde, of the Thacke, Sparres, Beames. &c. then it is to late. So when vyle humours haue incensed the bloud. Ueynes. &c. And haue gotten the vyc∣tory, rebelling against good nature: then it is eyther to late, or els to hard, to put them away, and bring nature agayne, to hys good estate. Yet it hurteth little the Physicions, Chirurgians, and Apothecaries, to vtter theyr knowledge, and also theyr Wares, wyth promises fayre and false, in mat∣ters past cure. For golde hath no corrupcion, although it be gotten wyth a corrupted Conscience: But to our matter. Take thyngs in due tyme, for tyme wyll neuer be called againe, do what you can. Howbeit while as the body is yet lyuing, there is left some help to releeue, or repayre it agayne: and in sutch case of grauel, or y^e stone, what haue euer done more pleasure, than Clisters, or Enemaes, mynistred beneath at the Fundament? nothing truly, cutting excepted. Yet in cutting, vnlesse the Chirurgian be very cun∣nyng,* 1.308 the Pacient wil soone cry: Quare de vulua eduxisti me? And although the Chirurgian haue great knowledge, yet one Pacient doth skant scape a∣mong an hundred, happy man by hys dole. On the other side, there be sutch bodyes, when they are newly clensed, and deliuered from Grauell, or the stone: eftsoones the bodies are sutch, that they haue it agayne as paynful∣ly, as at the first tyme. And some of those bodies, haue the property of the North wynde, in drying, or turning into dust: And other some haue the property of Frost,* 1.309 to coagulate, to make colde, and turne soft thynges into hardnesse, as Ise is. Therefore in sutch euilles doe thus. Make a Clyster after thys maner.

R. Milium ••olis, or els the Berryes of Alkakengi. ℥.vi. cleane running wa∣ter.* 1.310 l i.iiij. seeth thys vntill the Water be halfe consumed, then strayne it, of thys water take a Pynte or more, for your Clister, putting thereunto the Oyles of Dill, Camomell, and new Butter, ana. ℥.ij. and a little Salt: thus is your Clister fynished, and made, mynister it warme but not skal∣dyng. Though thys seeme a playne Clister, yet it is marueylous good in working: and clenseth not only grauell, but also helpeth the Cholicke, and paynes in the Guttes. When. yee haue mynistred thys, then followinge wythin three dayes, mynister thys, for it is of great vertue.

R. Of the decoction of Mallowes, Pari••tory, Colewortes, Holihocke, Smalage,* 1.311 Sitrach, Polipodium, Carduus benedictus. Alkakengi feede of eche lyke quantity of these. l i.i. Oyles of Dill, of Camomell, of Lilles, ana. ℥.i.ss. Butter. ℥.ij. Hiera simplex. ʒ i. and a little Salt, mingle all togeather, and warme put into the Clister bladder, and Mynister, as is aforesayd. If you haue not thys choyce of Oyles, you may take cōmon oyle of Oliues. Thys Clyster is most excellent good, for the stone and grauell: it hath ver∣tue to open, cleanse, waste, and skower wythout daunger, peryll, or hurt. When thys is done speedely, haue thys Cataplasme at hande, and warme apply it to the payned place: whether it be in y^e Raynes, or the lowest parte of the Belly, or Flanks, let it be done oftentyme, haue two in store, to lay vn∣to the place warme, one after an other, it is thus made in good order.

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℞. The Leaues, and Stalkes of Prassium, of Mallowes, of Holyhock ana. M.iij. sodden in the Broath,* 1.312 wherein a Weathers head hath bin sod∣den. Seeth herein also the rootes of Mallowes, well beaten in a Morter. l.i. the Muscilage of Fenigreeke, and Flaxe seede. ana. l.v. then let it bee strayned forth strongly, to thys Iuyce put the Oyles of Dill, Camomell, whyte Lyllyes. ana. ℥.iiij. freshe Butter. ℥.vj. Hony. ℥.v. boyle all togea∣ther in a cleane Pan, put in Bran of Barly, and Meale, temper all wyth a stycke, vntill it come to the thicknesse of soft Paste, spread it in two se∣uerall Cataplasmes, and warme apply one of them after an other, to the dolorous place. And when one is colde, then apply on th'other oftentimes, thys is of a singuler operation: wyth thys, that great learned Man, may∣ster Doctor Marianus hath done mutch good,* 1.313 and thys I haue also proued many tymes. Then to make y^e matter perfect, geue your Pacient to drynk Benedictae laxatiuae ʒ.vj. tempered wyth cleane odoriferous, warme whyte Wyne, a quarter of a Pynte or more, when thys is done: wrap hym in warme clothes, wyth head well couered, and so let hym sweat. And thys clenseth the Raynes, and Bladder, equall wyth any other: except you wyl hasard your Lyfe, in cutting. Furdermore, note a great secret, whych I do disclose for the sake of mankynde. Let the Pacient haue the stilled Wa∣ters, of Saxifrage, Parietary, Persily, Filipendula, and Smalage, altoge∣ther. ana. ℥.iij. and put into thys water, thys precious pouder following.* 1.314 ℈.i.ss. or. ℈. R. Persily rootes cleane washed and scraped, I meane theyr ryndes, and Persily seede, ana. ʒ.vj or more, and. ʒ.viij. of the Flowers of Iringium, or the Sea Thistil, and also Iringium rootes, and the rootes of Carduus Benedictus. ana. ʒ.ss. Cut your rootes fynely and thyn, and put all together in a close vessell, into the Ouen, vntill they bee dry, and then make pouder: keepe it close from Ayre. And when occasion doth serue, temper your foresayd quantity into your Waters, or els wyth whyte Wyne or Chicken broth, drynk it warme. Also note well thys Syrupe for y^e stone, wherein y^e Pacient may take euery second nyght warme.* 1.315 ℥.ij. R. Rootes of Holyhocke. ℥.iiij. the Leaues of Mallowes, Filipendula and Parietary. ana. M.ij. the seede of Persyly, Fenegreeke, and Flaxe. ana. ℥.i. Iuiubes in number .xxx. cleane scraped Lyquoryce. l.i. the rootes of Sparagus, Carduus Benedictus, Iringium, Persyly, and Fenyll. ana. ℥.ij.ss. seeth all these in .x.l j. wayght of cleane running, or Well water, vnto the thyrd part be wasted: then strayne it, and put vnto thys Decoction. l.i.ss. of cleane whyte Su∣ger, styrre it, and make your Syrupe, and keepe it in a close double Glasse. These foresayd thynges are excellent good, to bee sodden in cleane whyte Wyne, puttyng thereunto. l.i. of the whyte Guaicum rased, and put in a Uessell of three gallons, made close in the mouth: and so put into a fayre great hollow Caldron of water, and so to seeth foure houres, then take it from the fyre, and let it stand vntill it bee colde. Then open it, and strayne it, and keepe it close, to drynke at all tymes.

And thus also hath Rychard Bulleyn, a zealous Louer of Physike,* 1.316 more for the consolation & help of th'afflicted sicke people, being poore, then for y^e

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lucre and gayne, of the Money of the Welthy and Ryche, written. Thys Man I say, although he professeth comfortable Cordialles, and Heauenly Medicines for the Soule, being a Deuine: yet he hath good Experience of many Infirmities, and Sicknesses, infecting the Bodyes of Mankynde, and hath done many goodly Cures, whych I doe leaue vnwrytten, both for the proiixity of tyme, and also for that no adulacion, flattery, or any pri∣uate affection should appeere, or be suspected in him the aucthour hereof to∣wardes hym the sayd Rychard Bulleyn, because hee is hys naturall borne Brother: but to the matter, hys Medycine for the Grauell in the Raynes, and Stone. And thus hee wryteth in hys prety Worke, which if it please GOD, shall hereafter come abroade to the profit of the commō wealth, of the Englishe Nation. And thys is hys compendious order: Sayth hee, the great Dolour, Phlegmon, or Ulcer of the Raynes by the whych Raynes, Uryne is conueyed into the Bladder. &c. or the Stone in the Bladder: doe cause great paynes in making of Uryne, whych Uryne is often stopped, or els pisseth little at once, with excoriation, and Bloude. Where grauell, and ragged stones, comming of grosse, salt, hoat matter, viscuous humours: after long hoat burning Feuers, euill Diet, Cheese, olde poudered Beefe, Bakon, Uenison, salte Fishe, hoat Wynes haue bin vsed in Diet. The stone is oftener in the Bladders of the leane hoat Men, which haue larger vesselles, then in fat persons hauing small vesselles, and colde moyst fat bodies. &c.

* 1.317The stone, sayth he, after the Mynde of Galen, in the Raynes is lighter, lesser, softer, and redder, declyning somewhat into Graynes, but in the Bladder, it is greater, heauier, harder, greeuouser, in colour whytishe, or more adust, and both these are daungerous, and skant curable. After one is .xl. yeare olde: as sayth Hippocrates. Aphoris. Quicunque nephretici sunt, non sanantur post quadraginta annos: Who so hath the passion in the Raynes, af∣ter .xl. yeares, is past cure: the regiment in the cure is double. The fyrste is, to prohibite the generacion of the stone. The second is to displace, or re∣mooue it, when it is growen. The fyrst intencion hath fyue thynges, not naturally, directly contrary agaynst the stone. As ayre, grosse, mysty, clou∣dy. &c. to be fled▪ for it doth ingender grosse matter.

Meates and Drynkes, as grosse Wyne, and salte meates, burnt, things, colde water, whych wyll bryng grosse matter, and breede the stone.

Labour immoderate, to mutch excercise, which ingrosseth the bloude:

Solitarinesse, mutch study, no trauell, or Lechery immoderate, which are great enemies to nature.

Great affliction of the mynde, watching, fasting. &c.

To help these euilles, doe thus, as followeth.

Use meates of light digestion, in due tyme, place, and order.

Moderate labour betwene meales, to help digestion, and make the bo∣dy strong: and to beware of Listes, Wrastlinges. &c. that wyll hurt the body, being vsed immoderately.

Page 46

Of all thynges to beware of Idlenesse, the mother of euilles, and nou∣risher of as many sicknesses to the body, as are caused through glottony: & specially, of to mutch copulacion carnall.

Use pleasaunte Musicke, and thynges to delight the spirites: for Me∣lancholie, whych is colde and dry, is a great furderer of the stone: & when these are done, vse these thynges followinge.

R. Syrupe of the two Rootes, Hony of Roses,* 1.318 Syrupe of Uinegar simple. Syrupe of Fenell, Syrupe of Saxifrage. ana. ℥.ss. the water of Fenill, of Wormewood, of Persiley, of Maydenhayre, of Alkakengi. ana. ℥.i. mingle them, and temper them▪ warme, and drinke thys oftentymes, mor∣nyng and euening, vntill the matter flegmatike be digested. Then vse this potion, to purge the sayd digested matter in this order following. R. Of the decoction of the foure great hoat rootes, into whom put these seedes,* 1.319 Per∣sily, Saxifrage, Anisseedes, Smalage, Fenell, Asparagus. ana. ʒ.i. seeth these together, then strayne it, and put into the same, Electuariae de Cassia, Diaca∣tholiconis. ana ʒ.iij. Diaphiniconis. ʒ.ij.ss. mingle theym in warme drynke, wyth Hony of Roses, to make it sweete, and drynke it warme in the mor∣nyng, wythin four dayes following, whych are of great vertue.

R. Pilles of Hiera Nicolai. ʒ.i.ss make fyue Pilles in number, rounde, new and gilted, and take them earely. Drynking the Broth of a Chicken,* 1.320 wythin .ij. houres following. Then apply thys Emplaster warme into the Raynes, the day next after your Pilles.

R. Crummes of two Manchets newe baken, and thyrty Fygges. three yellowe Yolkes of Egges,* 1.321 Saffron. ʒ.i. freshe Butter. ℥.ij. sweete Rose water. ℥.vi. let all stande in a Morter ten houres, then beate all wyth a Pestle. Then spreade it vpon a clothe, & very warme apply it to y^e Raines, renewe it still warme, and apply it to the Raynes agayne. Then haue at hand thys Clister following, to take after the Emplaster hath remayned, by the space of fifteene houres.

R. Oyle of Dyll. ℥.vi. clene whyte Wyne. ℥.vij. new freshe Butter. ℥.iiij Capons, and Duckes grease, wythout Salt,* 1.322 Cassiafistula newe drawen from the Cane. ℥.ss. the yolke of one Egge, wyth a very little fyne whyte Salt, temper all in a Pan, to the order for a Clister, and warme put it in∣to the Bladder, and so mynister towardes Euening, and assuredly these bee goodly reamedyes for the Stone. The whole Regiment for the stone, deuysed by the sayde Rychard Bulleyn, shall by Gods Grace, short∣ly come forth, to the profyte of the commmon People.

Page [unnumbered]

IN this place, good Reader, but y^e infortunate hap hath preuēted me wyth lets, else assuredly, I would haue wrytten at length, the whole large Anatomie of y^e body of mankinde: but here I do end, only wyth y^e names of these bones at this present time vntil hereafter, if God wil suffer me to doe more, I am then youres.

[illustration]

i. Os frontis. vel coronale.

ij. Ossa furcu••ae.

ij Ossa petiosa, vel lapidosa.

ij. Os laude.

i Os basilare, vel po∣lim••r••hon.

ij Ossa nasi.

ij. Ossa colatoris.

xx Ossa mandibulae, super.

ij. Ossa mandibulae infer.

xxx. Ossa spondilia. vera & mendosa.

ij. Parietalia

ij. Spatulae vtrius{que}. Humeri.

Os adiutorij.

ij. Focile vel radius.

xviij. Ossa manuum digito.

x. Ossa pectinis manum.

ij. Ossa focile minus brachorum.

xxiiij. Costae verae & non verae.

Malleoli.

vij. Ossa thoracis

i. Os cordis.

i. Os Epiglottale.

ij. Ossa ancarum.

ij. Patella & rotu∣la gen.

ij. Ossa ••haab tibiarum.

ij. Canna tibiarum.

ij. Os nauicularis, b•••• nauifama,

viij. Ossa planta pedis.

ij. Os balistae.

ij. Tubercula femoris

Os maius tibiae.

Crus.

Cubitus.

iij. Ossa cauda.

i. Ossa pectinis.

Ossa digitorum pe∣dum, quae 〈◊〉〈◊〉 sunt .xxvij.

Dentes numero xxxij &c.

A tergo & a fronte me finxisti. Psal. 139.

Notes

* 1.1

Sabius a fa∣mous Moun∣tayne in Italy Flora a God∣des of Flo∣wers a harlot of Rome. Borias the Northeast wynde

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* 1.2

Tragedies be¦gin euer euil & end the same.

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* 1.3

First seeke Gods kyng∣dome.

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* 1.4

Ignoraunce.

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* 1.5

Curtas••e.

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* 1.6

Soft Chirur∣gians make foule sores.

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* 1.7

Doctor Turner.

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* 1.8

Doctor Kaiu••.

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* 1.9

Sir Thomas Eliot knighte

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* 1.10

Thomas Faire Doctor

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* 1.11

Doctor An∣drowe Borde did see at Rome, no or∣der, gnashing of teeth, dw••l¦lyng in wret∣chednes Thomas Pannel.

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* 1.12

Doctor willi¦am Kuninghā

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* 1.13

What is called Chirurgia.

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* 1.14

Two kyndes of Chirurgia.

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* 1.15

An ignoraunt Surgean is a man ••lear.

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* 1.16

Chirurgi is become a Sā∣tuary.

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* 1.17

Of Uacabond Chirurgians worse then theeues. Linx can serue best of a••y cre¦atur••, and his vryne. wil turne into a stone H••im.

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* 1.18

The souldier is hurt more by an euil Surgion, thā by his enne∣mies wepons often it is so proued.

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* 1.19

The miseries of man, when he is hurt in body.

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* 1.20

Many god medecines are made of the Playne peo∣ple, to helpe in the absence of the Chirurgi∣ans.

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* 1.21

Dogge Leeches.

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* 1.22

The discripti∣on of an vn¦christ, or a U••••¦layn of natu•••• stryuing a∣gaynst grace▪ and vertue, vnprofitable for •• common wealth.

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* 1.23

Euil parentes what fruites they brynge forth, and to what end they come.

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* 1.24

For counter∣fayt Chirurgi¦ans.

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* 1.25

The vertue of Chirurgy.

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* 1.26

Eight things or propertyes of a good Chi¦rurgian.

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* 1.27

The Chirur∣gian is y^e best hand crafte in the world.

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* 1.28

Iob. 14.

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* 1.29

The Chirur∣gian, is natu∣res seruaunt.

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* 1.30

Nature wor∣keth three wayes to help her selfe.

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* 1.31

The strength of nature.

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* 1.32

Nature must be releeued by sundry mea¦nes in y^e tyme of daunger.

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* 1.33

Man is but myserable, & yet is quickly gone.

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* 1.34

Psalme. 50.

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* 1.35

Matth. 11.

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* 1.36

Eccle. 3

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* 1.37

Chryst is not couetous.

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* 1.38

A faythfull man belieueth wythout my∣racle, for fayth is not seene, but miracles are seene.

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* 1.39

Two manner of healinges.

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* 1.40

Esay. 38.4. Regum. 20

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* 1.41

Luke.

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* 1.42

Men doe vse prety tearmes for soule ••ores and call theim by one name, when thei are an other,

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* 1.43

Apostumatiō is compoun∣ded of three sundry euils.

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* 1.44

Breache of contynuaunce is, when the whole partes are cut, or bro¦ken.

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* 1.45

Three kindes of Apostuma∣cions, hoat, and colde.

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* 1.46

Howe to know Apo∣stumation.

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* 1.47

The aboun∣dance of bloud in the apostu∣mation.

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* 1.48

The cruelty of the Chol∣lerike apostu∣macion, but y^e bloudy apo∣stumation is gentler.

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* 1.49

Of cōtraryes of elementes.

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* 1.50

The quant••ty of the apostu∣mations.

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* 1.51

Sundry na∣mes of apostu¦mations, but in effect are but apostuma¦tions.

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* 1.52

Soares com∣pounded.

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* 1.53

Blynde Ba∣yard is bolde.

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* 1.54

Composition. Replecion, Complexion, what they are.

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* 1.55

Four notes in an apostu∣matiō, begin∣ning, augmē∣ting, state, & declining.

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* 1.56

Of resolutiō.

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* 1.57

Of repercus∣siues, when they are good.

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* 1.58

Foule bodies refuse reper∣cussiues, there¦fore they must 〈◊〉〈◊〉 clensed.

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* 1.59

What perill is in the applica∣tiō of a reper∣cussiue, al∣though in some case it is most best.

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* 1.60

What hurte ensueth of a repercussiue.

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* 1.61

What good∣nesse cōmeth of a repercus∣siue.

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* 1.62

Consider whither apo∣stumations chaūce in bo∣dies replete with humo•••• or empty.

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* 1.63

A good medi∣cine for an A∣postumation.

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* 1.64

A more excel∣••ent way to helpe an apo∣stumacion.

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* 1.65

Of an Em∣broche.

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* 1.66

A Cicatrice.

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* 1.67

Incision, how to make it.

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* 1.68

〈…〉〈…〉 a member 〈◊〉〈◊〉 the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 do rot••e.

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* 1.69

An abstersiue. A digestiue.

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* 1.70

How rebate flesh superflu∣ous.

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* 1.71

Cautery po∣tentiall.

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* 1.72

Foure inten∣tions, and sixe vnnaturall thinges to bee obserued.

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* 1.73

Fyue notable good thinges to be obserued in healinge

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* 1.74

No locall me∣decine ap∣plyed before y^e body purged.

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* 1.75

A goodly re∣percussyue.

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* 1.76

Auicenes me∣decine.

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* 1.77

An excellente plaster to as∣swage payne in a ••ore.

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* 1.78

How to make incision.

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* 1.79

How to drye humours that do abounde.

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* 1.80

Dolour and darcknes of complexion.

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* 1.81

What harme 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of an 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Chirur∣gian.

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* 1.82

A good em∣plaster.

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* 1.83

What the Chi¦rurgian muste doe.

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* 1.84

Example.

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* 1.85

Unguentum Egiptiacum of Auicen To••bate dead fleshe.

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* 1.86

A Chirurgiā must haue pro¦uidence to fore¦see cure.

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* 1.87

To alter com∣plexion in a sore.

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* 1.88

Choise of me∣decine is good

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* 1.89

A softninge Plaster.

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* 1.90

A potentiall Cautery.

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* 1.91

Of God be∣ginning and ending of all thinges.

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* 1.92

Mans secrete prouidence.

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* 1.93

Of woundes.

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* 1.94

The definitiō of a woūde.

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* 1.95

Two kyndes of Woundes. the one simple and the other double or com¦pound.

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* 1.96

What woūds be mortall

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* 1.97

Partes moste daungerous to be hurte.

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* 1.98

Woundes in the Muskels.

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* 1.99

Example.

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* 1.100

Of conuultiō mortall.

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* 1.101

A goodly note to be obserued when death is hande.

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* 1.102

What the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 must obserue▪

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* 1.103

Who so doth graunt to one absurditie, many one wil eftsones fol∣low.

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* 1.104

A small wound.

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* 1.105

Example.

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* 1.106

Pate Hardie the Scotte a good Chirur∣gian.

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* 1.107

Of the fyrst and second in∣tention.

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* 1.108

Matter doth couet digestiō

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* 1.109

His name was Iue, of Swasa in Cambrige¦shyre.

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* 1.110

A wound of a bruse.

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* 1.111

It is peryl∣lous to sew a wound com∣myng of the biting, or ren∣dyng of some beastes.

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* 1.112

Of wound•• of the muscles

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* 1.113

Of sinewes

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* 1.114

How to sewe a wound, and how not.

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* 1.115

The Chirur∣gian must looke plea∣sauntly vpon his pacient.

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* 1.116

A defensiue.

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* 1.117

Captaine 〈◊〉〈◊〉, Reede of the holy Iland.

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* 1.118

To clense the wound▪ and draw forth broken bones.

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* 1.119

When to let bloud on the contrary side of the body.

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* 1.120

Cold is an e∣uyll enemy to the sinewes.

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* 1.121

Abūerflue to clense and dry.

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* 1.122

A god ab∣stersiue. q.ss. is as mutch to say as wyl suffise

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* 1.123

A good oint∣ment for wounds.

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* 1.124

To ende a double woūd and begin ac∣cidents.

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* 1.125

Nature sub∣iect to many calamities.

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* 1.126

when the Chi∣rurgiā is put to shame.

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* 1.127

To correcte a smart wound.

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* 1.128

God giueth health.

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* 1.129

What an Ul∣cer is.

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* 1.130

All sores voi∣ding virulent matter are called Ulcers.

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* 1.131

Ulcers bee hard to cure that follow a sickenesse.

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* 1.132

Chirurgians do not agree.

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* 1.133

Ulcers in good comple∣xions, ••r sone cured.

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* 1.134

Fiue kyndes of Ulcers.

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* 1.135

Accidents in vlcers, their names.

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* 1.136

The fluxe of bloud procee∣ding of a pry∣mitiue cause.

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* 1.137

Distilling of Bloud from the veines.

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* 1.138

Of woun•••••• d••epe, and 〈◊〉〈◊〉 deepe.

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* 1.139

Repercussiues

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* 1.140

To stop a bleding vein.

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* 1.141

When to in∣carnate, and when to sepe¦rate a sor••.

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* 1.142

Of incision of small vei∣nes.

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* 1.143

Deepe incisi∣on hurteth the arteires.

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* 1.144

Euyll accy∣dents follow bledyng.

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* 1.145

Signes of death.

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* 1.146

A good prac∣tise.

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* 1.147

To staunche bloude.

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* 1.148

Sanguine. Chollorike, Apostuma∣cions.

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* 1.149

Anticedent, & Coniunc••••.

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* 1.150

Sanies is mat∣ter comming of corrupted bloud▪ or els putrifaction, and somtime it is taken for poyson.

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* 1.151

Stronge mē∣bers doe op∣presse the weake.

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* 1.152

Chirurgians must know Simples.

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* 1.153

Fooles wyth bookes, bee worse than vnlearned practicioners.

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* 1.154

Uariety o•• Simples.

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* 1.155

Auicen.

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* 1.156

C▪ Celsus.

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* 1.157

Sanious matter.

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* 1.158

Two sundry sortes of Ul∣cers.

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* 1.159

Ulcers hoat colde, and by∣ting.

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* 1.160

Aristotle a good note of Elements.

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* 1.161

Of exiccati∣ues.

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* 1.162

To knowe whether vl∣cers be hoat or colde.

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* 1.163

Vnguentum Album.

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* 1.164

To make the skin whole.

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* 1.165

How to make a Cicatrice.

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* 1.166

Three sundry intencions. Of regiment. Of matter. Of growing.

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* 1.167

An incar∣natiue.

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* 1.168

〈…〉〈…〉 fleshe.

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* 1.169

Auicen.

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* 1.170

Colde Ulcer.

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* 1.171

A defensiue.

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* 1.172

A sanatiue.

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* 1.173

A good foun∣dation.

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* 1.174

In healinge a compounde vlcer, marke the accidentes concurrant.

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* 1.175

Fyrst handle the accidentes in a cure, and note three thynges.

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* 1.176

Regimente of lyfe.

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* 1.177

Of vrine con∣sidered, in e∣uery sicke or soare man.

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* 1.178

Of radicall moysture.

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* 1.179

Apply con∣traries.

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* 1.180

The cause of superfluous fleshe.

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* 1.181

Auicens pro∣uidence.

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* 1.182

Soft Chirur¦gians make foule soares. yet Butcher∣ly manglers, ma••re all to∣gether.

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* 1.183

Quid, a good u••te.

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* 1.184

Example.

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* 1.185

Good coun∣sayle.

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* 1.186

How bold the Chirurgian should be in cure.

C. Celsus.
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* 1.187

A good pou∣der.

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* 1.188

To remooue an escharous scab or crust.

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* 1.189

Example.

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* 1.190

Breach of cō∣tinuaunce or hurting of the whole mēber.

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* 1.191

Alteration, what it is,

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* 1.192

Of dolour.

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* 1.193

Two causes of matter.

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* 1.194

Alteracion of extension.

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* 1.195

When to vse contraryes in hea••ing.

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* 1.196

Example.

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* 1.197

Apostumatiō concurrant with an vlcer

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* 1.198

Hoat and cold apostu∣macions.

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* 1.199

Hardnes of an vlcer

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* 1.200

To search the cause, and dis∣place the effect

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* 1.201

Thre causes of hardnesse.

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* 1.202

Imbrocasion.

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* 1.203

Corosion or bytynge.

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* 1.204

A good lini∣ment.

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* 1.205

A consumer of Flesh.

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* 1.206

Antecedent cō¦iunct.

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* 1.207

To make a ci∣catrice.

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* 1.208

Of putrefacti¦on or rotten∣nesse.

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* 1.209

How•• pa••iēt dyed by euil cure.

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* 1.210

Hypocrates.

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* 1.211

Remoue the cause, and the effect will cease.

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* 1.212

Galen.

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* 1.213

To helpe pu∣trifaction. A good mede∣cine.

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* 1.214

Of Bones which are cor∣rupted two thinges consi∣dered.

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* 1.215

A good obser∣uation.

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* 1.216

Auicen

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* 1.217

These figures are in the end.

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* 1.218

Alteration of the aire.

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* 1.219

Auicen.

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* 1.220

Of swellings the cause.

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* 1.221

Melancholik metas.

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* 1.222

Fyrst to the whole, then to the particul••r

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* 1.223

A defensiue vnder y^e knee.

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* 1.224

How to bynd a member

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* 1.225

To open a veine to purge grosse blood.

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* 1.226

A plaister for the Legge to resolue.

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* 1.227

Purge a sore man, after he is amended, for scare of dropsye. &c

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* 1.228

A conclusion.

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* 1.229

Geometricall measures in Chirurgi

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* 1.230

The cause of Soarenes, is first not consi∣dered.

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* 1.231

Ulcer Uiru∣lent, how it groweth.

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* 1.232

Fiue good in∣tentions.

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* 1.233

Euery goo•• defensiue.

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* 1.234

Digestion cau¦seth not mat∣t••••, but it is y^e proporciona∣ting of the hu∣mour.

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* 1.235

A signe of o∣uermuch dry∣ing a sore mē∣ber.

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* 1.236

Glotony is no smal ennemy to nature.

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* 1.237

Of filthy mat¦ter▪ what it is.

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* 1.238

Fower inten∣cions in twoo kyndes of vl∣cers.

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* 1.239

A good perfite mundification

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* 1.240

To skower •• dry al vlcers playn or hol∣low

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* 1.241

Contraries when to vse them.

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* 1.242

Nature nouri¦sheth her selfe

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* 1.243

An example of Calyus or Moldewarp.

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* 1.244

Amend an euil accidentes and then the cure wil prosper.

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* 1.245

Of honest re∣quest and frendshyp.

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* 1.246

Chalke for Cheese.

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* 1.247

Fiue causes that do hurt the head.

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* 1.248

The cause of bruses, what they are.

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* 1.249

How to finde out a s••r••pe by what to∣kens.

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* 1.250

Of incision in the heade.

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* 1.251

Of bloud rū∣ning the chief cause, and the hurt that doth follow the same.

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* 1.252

Many men haue bin cu∣red by this medicine.

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* 1.253

A good ab∣stersti••e for the head.

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* 1.254

Vnguentum Balilicum.

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* 1.255

Erysipelas is a hoatred, roūd inflamacion soare, or cho∣lerick voyle w^t a feuer in the body.

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* 1.256

Diseases cō∣ming of ful∣nesse. are hel∣ped by empti∣nesse.

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* 1.257

Clothes ap∣plyed to a woūded head.

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* 1.258

A pouder for the head.

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* 1.259

Sygnes of broken bones en the head.

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* 1.260

Daungerous woundes, how to know them.

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* 1.261

Hippocrates. Aphorismes.

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* 1.262

How to cut to the ende to heale.

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* 1.263

How colde hurteth.

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* 1.264

A dyet.

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* 1.265

How to serch a wound.

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* 1.266

Fissuries or chappes.

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* 1.267

A clift in the heade.

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* 1.268

A note. be∣twene a mans Scull, and a voyes.

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* 1.269

Auicen.

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* 1.270

What thing do anoy the brayn most,

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* 1.271

〈…〉〈…〉

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* 1.272

A goodly note 〈…〉〈…〉 cure.

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* 1.273

To let bloude on the contra∣ry part, why it must be by reason.

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* 1.274

M••n is made Geometrical∣ly in order.

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* 1.275

Example of bloud le••ting.

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* 1.276

Poore men are corrected, for great mēs faultes.

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* 1.277

When to let bloud, two tymes in one place, & why.

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* 1.278

If an apostu∣mation be in y^e midst of the vpper part of the body, then to bleede ey∣ther on y^e left arme, or else right, is well.

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* 1.279

When to dry •• whē to moyst a wound in y^e head.

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* 1.280

Beware of sharpe pric∣kyng bones in the head for hurting of y^e Brayne.

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* 1.281

Sawe, Che∣sill, and wim∣ble for the hed

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* 1.282

The Wymble is best to perse the heade, to purge forth matter, if it be vsed discreet∣ly.

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* 1.283

A witty heade and a steddy hand, is fit for a good Chi∣rurgian,

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* 1.284

Make hast in the ••ure of the head to defend y^e ayre, which wyll corrupt.

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* 1.285

Work 〈◊〉〈◊〉 in y^e 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of the head.

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* 1.286

A very good emplaster for the head.

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* 1.287

Take heede of colde, in a Wounde of the head.

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* 1.288

There is no place empty, for ayre filleth euery open place.

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* 1.289

To correct proude fleshe.

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* 1.290

Fiue seames in the scalpe.

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* 1.291

Sagittalis sine discriminalis.

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* 1.292

How suffoca∣cion in the Brayne may come.

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* 1.293

A goodly wa∣ter of greate strength, to se••perate metall good for to cō∣sume rotten fleshe.

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* 1.294

A good Lee for a Cautery

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* 1.295

A good pou∣der for rotten fleshe.

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* 1.296

A potenciall Cautery.

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* 1.297

For the stone a good regi∣ment.

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* 1.298

Hippocrates. Why matter commeth frō the yarde.

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* 1.299

Hyppocrates. why matter commeth from the yarde.

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* 1.300

Why men doe pysse bloud.

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* 1.301

A reward for Lecherie.

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* 1.302

Preseruatiue Curatiue.

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* 1.303

Galens Sy∣rupe for the stone.

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* 1.304

When the stone cōmeth of colde.

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* 1.305

Good potage, for the stone.

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* 1.306

Men do wante proui∣dence, to fore∣see their own euilles.

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* 1.307

Fire and wa∣ter be good seruauntes, but euill mai∣sters.

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* 1.308

Cutting of y^e stone, is peri∣lous.

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* 1.309

Example,

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* 1.310

A goodly Clister for to help the stoue

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* 1.311

Another syn∣guler good Clister.

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* 1.312

A good Ca∣captaine for the kene.

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* 1.313

A drynke for the stone.

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* 1.314

A most wor∣thy pouder for the stone.

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* 1.315

A Syrupe for the stone.

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* 1.316

Rychard Bul∣leyn hys prac∣tice for the stone.

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* 1.317

Two thinges considered in the stone, for the cure of the same.

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* 1.318

R. Bulleyns Syrupe for the stone.

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* 1.319

R. Bulleyns electuary for the stone.

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* 1.320

R. Bulleyns Pilles for the stone.

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* 1.321

R. Bulleyns emplaster for the stone.

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* 1.322

R. Bulleyns Clister for the stone.

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About this Item

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A LITTLE DIALOGVE BE∣tweene Soarenes, and Chirurgi.

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