The gentlemans academie. Or, The booke of S. Albans containing three most exact and excellent bookes: the first of hawking, the second of all the proper termes of hunting, and the last of armorie: all compiled by Iuliana Barnes, in the yere from the incarnation of Christ 1486. And now reduced into a better method, by G.M.

How the Frounce commeth, and a medicine therefore.

THe Frounnce commeth not by any thing soo∣ner than by feeding your hawke with vile and naughtie meate, as with porke, or else with cattes flesh, which is the worst of all: the cure there∣of is thus, take a siluer spoone and put the small end in the fire til it be hot, then hauing your hawke held fast, open her beake and burne the sore, then anoint it with the marrow of a goose which hath laine so long till it stincke and it will soone be whole, but if the frounce be waxed as great as a nut▪ then shal you find a worme therein, wherefore then you must cut it with a razor in this maner, let one hold the hawke and slit the sore, and you shall find there as if it were the maw of a pigeon, take it all out whole, and take a paire of sheares and cutte the hole of the sore, and make it as cleane as you can with a linnen cloth, wi∣ping the blood cleane away, then annoint the sore place with balme foure daies together, & afterward with populion till it be whole.

How the rie commeth, and the cure thereof.

The want of hot meate, and ignorance, not suffe∣ring your hawke to tire much, is that which occasi∣oneth the rie: the cure is, take dasie leaues and stamp

them in a morter and wring out the iuise, then with a pen put it in the hawks nares once or twice when she is small gorged, and immediatly thereupon giue her tiring and she will be sound: or else take parcely rootes and serue her with them in the same maner, and when she tireth hold rew in your hand with the tiring, and that will make her voide the naughtie humour, but it is dangerous to vse it too often for feare the iuice spirt into her eie and hurt her.

How the Cray commeth, and the cure therefore.

The Cray commeth by giuing your hawke meat washed in hote water when you want hote meate: it commeth by means of threeds in the flesh that the hawke is fed withall, for though you picke the flesh neuer so cleane, yet you shall finde threedes therein: the cure is, take and chafe with your hands the fun∣dament of your Hawke with luke warme water a long time, & after that take the poulder of saxifrage or else the poulder of rew, and a quantitie of Maie butter, and temper it well together till they be well mingled, then put it in a little boxe and close it fast, and as often as you feed your hawke a whole meale annoint her meate a little therewith, and that shall make her loue the meate the better, because of the ointment, and it will keepe her from the Cray, and from diuerse other sickenesses which ingender in a hawke. If you take the hote heart of a swine or of a pigge and feede your Hawke therewith two dayes together it will cure her.

Also, if you take porke and dippe it in the hote milke of a cowe and feede your hawke therewith, it will helpe the cray, and make her mute cleane.

Againe, porke with the marrow of the bone of the buttocke of a swine, being giuen both together shall make her mute well and cleane.

Also, if you vse her now and then vnto fresh but∣ter, you shall finde it passing good for the cray.

Also, one meale, or two at the most, of the hote liuer of a pigge will make her mute wel, but beware you giue her not too great a gorge thereof, for it is a perillous meate.

Also, take the white of an egge, and beate it well with a spoone till it be like water, then let the meat which shall be for your hawkes supper lie in steepe therein all the day before, and at night feede her therewith, and that which shall be for her dinner in the morning, let it lie all night and if the meate that is so steeped be porke, it is much better, for so it hath beene approoued.

Medicines to enseame your Hawke.

Take the roote of rasue and do it in cleane water, then lay the flesh therein to steepe a great while, and after giue it to your hawke to eate, and if she do eate thereof, doubt not but it will take away her greace, neither shall she much bate therefore.

Also, take puliall and garlike, and stampe them well together, and wring out the iuice into a dish, and then wet the flesh therein and feed your hawke

there with, and within foure daies without all faile it▪ will clense and enseame your hawke, but bee sure euery day to make new iuice, and alwaies when you feede her, wet your meate therein. Also take the iuice of parcelie moris, otherwise called parcelie rootes, aad the iuice of hysope and wash your flesh theeein, and your hawke shall bee enseamed kindlie without anie great abate to your hawke.

Some vse to lay their flesh in water almost a day, and to giue the same to the hawke at supper, and that which so lieth all night to giue to her in the morning, and thus to feede her in the mue before she be drawne about a month or sixe weekes, and so to enseame here ere shee come to the fist, which is very good, and when shee hath cast her sercell then is the time to begin to feede her in that manner.

A medicine to make a hawke cast which is troubled with casting in her bodie.

Take the iuice of Saladine, and wette a peece of flesh therein to the bignesse of a nut, and giue that peece to the hawke, and it will presently make her cast the old casting, and saue the hawke.

A medicine for a hawke that wil soare.

Wash the flesh that your hawke shall feede with in the iuice of fenell, and it will take away that pride

from her, and make her to leaue hir soaring, whether shee be leane or fatte, and many times a hawke will soare, only for want of bathing.

A medicine for a hawke that is lowsie.

Take quickesiluer and put it in a basen of brasse, and put thereto saladine and ashes and mingle them well togither til the quicke siluer be slaine, and mixe therewith the fatte of bones, and annointe the hawke therewith, and hang it about her necke till it fall away, and that shall kill the lice. Also powder of orpment blowne vpon a hawke with a pen will kill the lice.

Also take a peece of a rough blanket vnshorne, and hold it to the fier till it be thorow warme, and then wrap the hawke therein, and holde her softlie for hurting her in your handes, and all the lice will creepe into the cloth.

Also hold her in the sunne in a faire day, and you shall see the lice creepe out vpon her feathers, then take a knife and wet the one side of the blade there∣of with your mouth, and alwaies as they appeare lay the wet side of the knife vpon them, and they will cleaue thereto, and so you may kill them.

A medicine for a hawke that will cast flesh.

Put the flesh that your hawke shall eate in faire water, and feede her therewith three daies, and shee shall hold her flesh at the best.

A medicine for an hawke that hath lost her courage.

An hawke that hath lost her courage, a man maie knowe if hee will take good heede, for this is her manner, when she is cast to a fowle, she flieth a way∣ward, as if shee knew not a fowle, or els shee will pursue it a little way, and immediatly giue it ouer, then for such a hawke, this is a good and an approo∣ued medicine: take of oile of Spaine, and temper it with cleare wine and the yolke of an egge: which being done, put biefe therein, and giue to your hawke thereof fiue morcels and then set her in the sunne, and at the euening feede her with an olde hot doue, and if you doe but feede her thus three or foure times, you shall finde that the hawke was ne∣uer more lustie, or of better courage in her life, then shee will be. Others make a powder of meckles, which stincketh, and puts the powder on the flesh of a peacocke, and mingles the blood of the peacocke with the powder, and so giues it to the hawke.

A medicine that a hawke lie not in the mew for vnlustines.

Take ferne rootes which grow on an oake, and oake apples, and make a iuice of them, and feed your hawke therewith three or foure times, and shee will leaue her lying.

A medicine for a hawke that hath the teyne.

An hawke which hath the teyne is easily known if a man take heede, for this is her manner, shee will pant more for one batting, then an other hawke will for three, and if shee should but flie a little she would loose her breath, whether she be hie or lowe, and al∣waies shee is of heauie cheere, the cure whereof is thus, Take a quantitie of the rednes of ••assell with the pouder of a rasne, and peper, and somewhat of ginger, and make thereof with fresh grease three pel∣lets, then holde the hawke to the fier, and when shee feeleth the heate, make her to swallow those pellets by force, then knit fast her beake that shee cast them not out, and in doing this thrise, shee will bee sound.

Also take rasne and rubarbe, and grinde them to∣gither, and make a iuice thereof and wet your hawkes meate therein, and giue it her to eate, and it will cure her. Also take Alysaunders and the root of a primrose, and seeth them in butter, and giue your hawke three morsels euery daie vntill she be whole.

A medicine for a hawke that cast wormes at her fundament, what wormes soeuer they bee.

Take the lymaile of iron and mingle it with the

flesh of porke, and giue it your hawke to eate three daies togither and it will cure her.

A medicine for the Aggrestine.

When you see your hawke hurt her feete with her beake, and pulleth her traine, then she hath the aggrestine, the cure is, take merde of a doue, and of a sheepe, and of an allow, and strong vineger, and do all softly, in a brasse bason and mingle them well to∣gither, so as they may serue three daies togither, and giue her the flesh of a coluer or stocke doue with ho∣nie and the powder of peper, and then set her in a darke place, and doe so nine daies, and when you see new feathers come in her taile let her bathe, for she is sound.

A medicine for the crampe, and how it commeth.

For the crampe in a hawkes winges, take a white loafe of breade somewhat colder then it commeth out of the ouen, and holding the hawke softlie for feare of hurting her, cut the loafe almost thorough out, and displaie her winge easilie and hold it be∣tweene the two partes of the loafe, and let it bee so held the space of halfe a quarter of an houre and shee shall be eased. The crampe commeth to an hawke by taking of cold in her soreage, wherfore it is good to keep a hawke warme both when she is yong and old: and this medicine is approued good at all times whether she be yong or old.

A medicine to make a hawke mew timely without hurt.

There are in woods, or in hedges wormes called adders, which be by nature redde, and there are also snakes of the same nature, and they are very bitter, take two or three of them, and cut off their heades and the ends of their tailes, then take a new earthen potte which was neuer vsed, and cutting them into small gebbets, put them therein, and in leasurely sort let them seeth a good while, and let the pot be close couered so as no aire may come out, or go in: and let those peeces seethe til they be all turned to grease, then cast it out and doe away the bones, and gather vp the grease and put it in a cleane vessell, and as oft as you feede your hawke, annoint her meate there∣with, then let her eate as much as shee will, and by meanes of that meate, shee will mew at your plea∣sure.

Also take wheate, and boyle it in the broath that the Adders were sodden in, and when you see it be∣ginne to breake, take it out and feede hens and chi∣kens therewith, and with such hennes and chikens feede your hawke.

A medicine that a hawke fall none of her feathers.

Take powder of canell, and the iuice of frankcost, with the iuice of paranie, and wette therein three or foure peeces of flesh, and make your hawke to swal∣lowe

them, and in vsing this often, it will pre∣uaile.

Also take the skinne of an Adder or a snake, and cut it into smal pieces and temper it with hot blood, and make your hawke many times to feed thereon, and she will not mew.

For the gowt in the throate.

When you see your hawke blowe manie times, and that it commeth not of batting, then maie you bee assured that shee hath the goute in the throate: the cure whereof is, take the bloode of a peacocke and incense Mirabolana, and cloue gilleflowers▪ ca∣nell and ginger, and take of all these a like, and min∣gle them with the peacockes blood, and seeth it till it be very thicke, and thereof make morcels, and giue your hawke thereof euery daie at midmorne, and at noone.

For the gout in the head and reines.

When you see your hawke cannot endue her meate, nor remount her estate, then it is like she hath the gout in the heade, or reines: the cure whereof is, take momyan, otherwise called momy of the appo∣ticaries. And the skinne of an hare, and giue it to your hawke to eate nine times with the flesh of a colt, and if shee can holde that meate it will cure her.

A medicine for the falera.

When you see your hawkes talents waxe white, then is it a signe shee hath the falera, the cure is, take a blacke snake and cut away the head and the taile, and take the middle and frie it in an earthen pot, then take the grease and saue it, and annoint the flesh of a peacocke therewith, and giue it to the hawke for to eate eight daies togither, but if you haue not a peacocke, take a stocke doue, and after the eight daies end, giue her a chicken, wash a little chiefly the tenderest part of the breast, and she will be whole.

For the crampe in the thigh, legge, or foote of a hawke.

When you see your hawke lay one foote vpon another, then is it a signe shee hath the crampe, the cure thereof is, draw her blood vpon the foot which lieth vpon the other foote, and vpon the legge also, and it will extinguish the crampe.

For the cough, or pose.

For the cough, take pouder of bayes, and put it vpon the flesh of a stockedoue, & giuing it to your hawke it will helpe her.

For the podagree.

When your Hawkes feete are swollen shee hath the podagree, the cure is, take fresh Maie butter and as much of oile oliue, and of allume, and chafe them well together at the fire, and make thereof an oint∣ment and annoint her feete foure daies together, and set her in the sunne, and giue her the flesh of a catte, and if you see it auaile not, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 the cutting of a vine, and wrappe it about the swelling, and let her sit vppon a colde stone, and annoint her with butter till she be whole.

For inward sickenesse vnseene.

A man may knowe by the cheere and vnpleasant∣nesse of an hawke this infirmitie, but yet it is strange to knowe things which a man can not see, in what sickenesse or what maner they be greeued, and chief∣ly when a man knoweth not whereof it commeth, the cure is, feede your hawke well vpon a henne, and then make her to fast two dayes after to empty her bowels well, the third day take hony sodden, and fill her body full, and binde her beake that she cast it not out againe, and then set her out in the sunne, and when it draweth towardes euening, feede her with some hote foule, for I haue heard my maisters say, if this helpe her not, then nothing will.

For the passion which go shawkes haue fasting.

Take the roote of small rushes and make iuice of them▪ and moistening your flesh therein, let your hawke eate it.

For Hawkes that are wounded.

Take away the feathers from about the wound, and take the white of an egge and oile oliue & min∣gle them togither and annoint the wound therewith bathing it in white wine, but if you see any dead flesh arise then put into the sore Escome salt till it be eaten away, after take insence and wax, as much of the one as of the other and mixe them together on the fire, and when you will annoint the sore, warme it, and then annoint the place with a penne till it be cleane skinned, but if the dead flesh encrease, lay venecreeke thereon, and it will cure it sound.

For the Artetike.

When you see your hawke fat about the breast, it is an vndoubted signe she hath the artetike, where∣fore let her blood in the originall veine, and after giue her a frogge to eate, and it will helpe her.

For a Hawke that is troubled in her bowelles.

When your hawke is troubled in her bowels, you shal know it by hir eies, for they wil be darke, and she

will looke vnpleasantly, and her muting will defile her fundament: the cure is, annoint her meate with the poulder of cammell and ferne, let her eate it and no other.

For the gowt in generall.

Giue your hawke three or foure meales of a new slaine vrchine and it will instantly helpe her.

For mites.

Bathe your hawke in the iuyce of wormewoode, and it will kill all her mites.

To make a hawke flee craftily al the yeare.

When you go to the field in the latter end of haw∣king, and desire that your hawke shal flee craftily, vse her in this sort, let hir kill a foule, and let hir plume it as much as she will, and when she hath plumed i∣nough, go to her so as you fright hir not, and reward hir on the foule, and after that you may cast her on a pearch, and by that incouragement shee will vse her craft all the yeare.

For the stone.

Anoint hir fundament with oile & with a holow straw put in the pouder of allum: also take an hearbe which is called Castis lardder, and annoynt the in∣side of her mouth, and it wil help her. Also take small flam••s rootes and polipody, and the nerues of spi∣nage and grinde them well, and seeth it in butter, and

straine it through a cloth, then make three pellets as bigge as a nut, and put them in your hawkes mouth in the morning, and looke that shee be voyde, and then let her fast till the euening, then feede her by lit∣tle and little till she be whole.

A medicine for vermine.

Bathe your hawke in the iuice of fennell rootes, and it will kill vermine of what sort soeuer.

For the rheume.

When you see your hawke shut her eies and shake her head, then hath she the rheume in her head, there∣fore giue her the larde of a goate the first day, and the second giue her epatike with the flesh of a chicken, and it will helpe her.

A medicine to keepe hawkes moist that are drie.

Take the iuice of horehound, and wet your hawkes meate therein, and feede her therewith once or twice, and then shee will bee moist enough in∣wardly.

For sickenesse in the intrailes of Hawkes.

A hawke whose intrailes are ill is more than ordi∣narily sicke, for if she hold not her meat, but cast it, it is a token of foule glut or surfet of feathers taken in

hir youth, and appeares when she commeth to much fleeing shee will haue much desire to rest, and will sleepe when she putteth ouer her meate, and the flesh which she hath in her gorge if she cast it, will looke as if it were sodden, she will many times assay to put o∣uer her meate, but cannot: wherefore, if she cast it, she may be holpen, if not, she dieth: the cure is, take the rawe yolkes of egges, and when they be wel beaten, put thereto Spanish salt and honny, and wet therein the flesh which your hawke must eate for three days, but if shee refuse to eate it, then holding her, enforce her to swallow three or foure morsels euery day: or else vse this, take hony at the changing of the moon, and a keene nettle, and thereof make fine poulder, and when it is well ground, take the breast bone of a hen, and an other of a stockedoue, and hacke them with a knife. then doe away the skin, and lay there∣on the poulder, and all hote with the poulder feede her, do thus thrice, and it is enough.

For swelling.

If your hawke haue a felon swolne on her that a man may heale it, and keepe the hawke from death, doe thus, take the roote of comfory and sugar, of ech a like quantity, and seethe it in fresh greace, with a third part of hony, and then draw it through a cloth, and lay it to your hawke and it will helpe her.

For blaines in hawkes mouthes called frounches.

The frounce is a dangerous disease in hawkes, and bringeth her to death withholding her strength, and men say it comes of colde, which doth hawkes great hurt, making fleugme fall out of the head, her eies will swell and looke dead, and if she do want speedie help, nothing will kill sooner: take therefore of fen∣nell, mariall, and kersis, of each a like quantitie, then seethe them, and straine them through a cloth, and now and then wash the hawkes head therewith, and chiefly the roofe of her mouth, and it wil foorthwith help her.

For a hawke that hath the agrum.

When your hawke hath her mouth and cheekes blubbed, then she hath the agrum, therefore take a siluer needle and heate it in the fire, and burne her nares throughout, then annoint her with oile oliue till she be whole.

How to make a hawke great and fat.

Take a quantity of porke, hony, butter, and clari∣fied greace, and seathe them al together, and annoint flesh therein and feede your hawke therewith and it will fatte her, or else take the wings of an eued and feede her and keepe her from trauell, and it will fat your hawke though you vse nothing else.

For botches in the Iaw of a Hawke.

Cut the botches with a knife, that the matter may haue issue, and then mixe them and fill the hole with the poulder of arneme••t Ibrent, then on that pouder do a litle larde which is raised and it will heale it.

For a hawke that wil not reclaime.

Take fresh butter and put thereto sugar, and put it in a cleane cloth, and reclaime her to that, and keepe it in a boxe in your bagge.

For a hawke that is refrained.

When you see your hawke neezing, and casting matter through her nostrils or her nares, then doubt∣lesse she is refrained: the cure is, take graines of shaf∣felgree, and of pepper, and grinde it well, and temper it with strong vineger, and then put it into her nares and into the roofe of her mouth, then giue her hote meate to eate and she will be sound.

A medicine for hawkes that haue paines in their croups.

You shall take faire Morsum, and the poulder of gelefre, and mingle them together, and giue them to your hawke to eate, and if she hold it past the second day she will be sound.

〈8 pages missing〉〈8 pages missing〉

For the stone in the fundament.

When your hawke cannot mute then she hath the sickenesse called the stone, for cure whereof take the heart of a swine, and swines greace, and mixing it with the heart let her eate it.

A medicine for the drie frounce.

For this sicknes take the roote of polipody which groweth vpon oakes and seethe it a great while, then take it from the fire and let it stand vntill it bee luke warme, then wash your flesh therein, and feede your hawke three times and she will be perfitly sound.

A medcine for the wormes called Anguellis:

Take pressure made of a lamb which was yeaned vntimely, and make thereof three morsels, and put it in a gut of a stockedoue and feede her therewith, and looke the hawke be voide when you giue her this medicine.

Also take iuice of Dragons and put ful the gut of a pigeon, then cut it and part it so as a hawk may swal∣low it, which done, close vp her beake for feare of ca∣sting it vp againe: also, giue her the dowsets of a bucke, as hot as they can be cut out, and make poul∣der of the pizle, and cast it vpon the flesh of a cat, and feede her therewith and it is a present remedy.

FINIS.