The gentlemans academie. Or, The booke of S. Albans containing three most exact and excellent bookes: the first of hawking, the second of all the proper termes of hunting, and the last of armorie: all compiled by Iuliana Barnes, in the yere from the incarnation of Christ 1486. And now reduced into a better method, by G.M.

Now to speake of Armes diui∣ded ouerthwart.

HEre now it followeth to speake of armes diuided ouerthwart, the which parti∣tion is done in many and sundry man∣ners, that is to say, plaine, ingrailed, ir∣rased, inuecked, indented, nebulated, and vndated, as in the armes before quar∣tered, and parted:

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

and first I wil begin with the plaine armes of this sort, which I shew in this Scutchion, & shall be blazed in this sort, Portat arma partita ex trāsuerso plana de auro et asureo, in the French, Il port partee trans∣uersee d'or et d'azure: Hee beareth gold and azure parted ouerthwart: now you must knowe, that here is no doubt of the first rule that is, that a man should beginne at the point of the shielde, for heere is as much colour of golde as of azure.

Of Armes irrased ouerthwart.

Now will I speake of an other manner of partiti∣on of colours in Armes, as shal appeare by this scutchi∣on of armes ouerthwart ir∣rased▪

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

and it shal be saide of him that beares this armes, in Latine, portat arma partita ex transuerso, irrasa de auro et rubeo, in French, Il port partee transuersee irrasee d'or et gules, in English, He beareth armes parted ouerthwart, irrased of gold and gules.

Of Armes parted ouerthwart indented.

Of armes indented and parted ouerthwart I doe meane to speake, and they be called indented, by reason of the intermizture of the colours in such man∣ner of indentings:

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

and such armes are blazed in this ma∣ner, Portat arma partita ex transuerso indentata de auro et asureo, in French, Il port partiee de trauers d'or & d'azure endentee, in English He beareth golde and azure parted ouerthwart and indented.

And now to speake more of Armes parted ouer∣thwart, it shall be needelesse being sufficiently de∣clared before in the rules of Armes quartered and parted, holding this maxime, inutilis est repetitio vni∣us ad eiusdem: And I do beleeue it shal be hard to find many more Armes parted at length or ouerthwart than bee heere rehearsed, neuerthelesse, if any bee found, the same rules shall be obserued in them as are before rehearsed.

Of Armes borne in a chiefe.

Now some men there be, who would haue these Armes which heere I haue set downe in this scutchion to be termed parted armes:

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

but in this they erre very much, for that there is no equall partition of colours, nor any likenesse in diuid∣ing the same, for in Armes parted, it is alwayes requi∣red, that the colours should be equall in quantitie, which altogether faileth in this, because three partes of the sheelde be of one co∣lour: therefore this coate shalbe blazed in this wise, Portat de argento et caput scuti de asureo cum duabus maculis perforatis de auro, in French, Il port d'argent vn chiefe d'azure et deux mulletties partees d'or, in English, He beareth siluer a chiefe of azure and two mullets perforated of golde.

And moreouer, you shall vnderstand, that no Armes can rightly be called parted Armes: But if they be of two colours, once parted, and no more: for in these Armes paled, or party paled, as in this scut∣chion heere set downe ap∣peares, although they be of two colours:

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

yet for that these Armes be diuersly di∣uided in the forme of pales, they be called paled armes, which coate is truely thus blazed, Portat arma palata de auro et asureo, in French, Il port palee d'or et azure, in English, Hee beares pale gold and azure.

Of Armes paly vndated.

Armes paly vndated be often borne when as the pales thus mixe themselues with other colours, wherewith they be borne, with a kinde of swel∣ling like vnto waues, as is shewed heere in this scut∣chion,

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

which Armes are rightly blazed thus, Portat arma palata vndata vel vndosa de rubie et argento▪ in French il port palee vndee de gules et argent, hee beareth paly vndated of gules and siluer.

Of armes paled, irrased, or crooked.

And you shall vnderstand, that these paled armes be borne diuersly, and in diuerse manners, as is she∣wed in this Booke, yet shal you hardly finde them in a stranger sorte than in this scutchion which heere I set downe, when the two co∣lours paly are mixed in this rased and crooked manner:

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

Therefore it shal be saide of him which doth beare this coate, Portat arma palata tor∣tuosa de nigro et argento, Il port pale daunsete de sable et d'argent: Hee beareth pale crooked sable and sil∣uer.

Of armes plaine barred.

As before hath already beene spoken of paled armes, nowe I intend to speake of Armes barred: and you shall vnderstand, that Armes in this sorte may be barred in sundrie manner of wise. But first I doe intend to speake of Armes plaine barred: in the blazing of the which, it is altogether vnnecessa∣ry to say, hee beareth Armes plaine barred. But onely in blazing an other coate, to shew how that differeth from plaine barred armes, for some be bla∣zed with a lion, greyhound, or other beast, and some

be powdered with crosse crossets, mullets, crescents, small birds or other diffe∣rences.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

But blazing the plaine Baron, you shall saie thus, portat arma barrata de argento et nigro, in french, Il port barre d'argent & sa∣ble: in English hee beareth barry siluer and sable.

Of barred armes vndated.

As in the coats of armes before declared and spo∣ken of, quartered, parted, and paled, so haue you like∣wise armes barred vndated, as heere is shewd to you in this scutchion:

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

the co∣lours meeting togither in the manner of waues, which coate you shal blaze thus: portat arma barrata vndata nigro et albo: in frēch, Il port barri verree de sa∣ble & argent: in English, he beares barri vndated of sable and siluer.

Of barred armes inuecked.

Barred armes inuecked are borne of diuerse gen∣tlemen with colours inuecked: how they be borne barry wise, I shew you how in this scutchion: and

he which beareth these colours in this wise shall bee said to beare thus:

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

Portat arma barrata de coloribus ru∣bio et albo inuectis, in french, Il port barri verre de gules & d'argent, hee beareth barri inuecked of Gules and siluer, and I beginne with gules because that coloure is the first in the right corner.

Of armes barry crooked or sharpe.

There bee some which beare armes crookedlie barred as appeareth in this scutchion, and you shall make the like difference in this, as in the eolours borne in armes, paled af∣ter the same maner,

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

and he which beareth these armes shall bee saide to beare in this sort: Portat arma barra∣ta tortuosa de nigro et auro: in French, Il port barri d'auncete du sable & d'or: he beareth barry crooked sable and golde.

Of armes bendi barred.

Now to speake of armes bendie barred so called, because the two colours bee ioined togither bendy wise, as is shewd to you by example in this scutchion,

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

and therefore it shall bee said of him which beareth these armes. In latin, Portat arma bendaria de rubeo et auro. Il port barri bendee de gules & d'or: he beareth bar∣ri bended of gules and gold.

And you must be ware and haue an especiall care in blazing armes paled barred or bendy, otherwise you may easily mistake, and be deceiued in the same, for that coat is rightly paled in, which the pales of both colours be equal in number, and if so be they be not equall as I prescribe, you cānot in blazing tearm them paled: & I find in diuers coats two pales of one colour, & three of another, as in this scutchiō which here I set downe, where as the gules seemeth to bee only the field,

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

therefore the gentleman which bea∣reth these armes shall bee saide to beare this: Portat duos palos aureos in campo reu∣bio: Il port de gules, e deux pales d'or, he beareth gules two pales of gold.

And you shall commonly and vsually finde in armes a barre betwixt two little barres or barrets as we tearme them in armorie both the lines or little barres, beeing of the same colour of the great barre betwixt them:

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

as you per∣ceiue by this scutchion which coate shall bee thus blazed: portat vnam Barram et duas Barrulas de albo in campo de Reubio: in french, Il port de gules vn barree & deux barrelettee d'ar∣gent: in English hee bea∣reth gules, one barre be∣twixt two little barrets of siluer.

Of armes barred with barrets flourie.

And those barres or small lines be sometimes flo∣rished, as here in this scutchion you maie see, and so called florished, for that they be made in the man∣ner of floure deluces,

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

which coate shall bee bla∣zed in this maner, portat v∣nam barram et duas barrulas floridas albas in scuti de asurio: il port d'azure vn barree et deux barrilettes floritees d'argent: he beareth azure, a barre betwixt two barrelets of siluer.

Of bends borne in armes.

And now comming to speake of bendes borne in armes, you must vnderstand that it is called a bende which beginneth at the right corner of the sheelde and descendeth to the left, as here I shew in this scut∣chion which is a note suf∣ficient to shewe the diffe∣rence betweene a bende, & a fisure or little staffe of which it shall bee spoken of hereafter.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

And of him which beareth these armes it shall be said thus: portat vnam bendam de Reubeo in campo de aureo: in french, Il port d'or, vn bend de gules: he beareth gold a bend of gules.

And as I shewed you before of certaine little bars borne in armes, in the like manner are certain little bends borne in armes, and they bee called bendils or bendilets:

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

and where a bend is charged in armes with two such bendils, as heere I shewe you in this scutchion, you shall thus blase the coate: portat vnam bendam et duas bendulas de au∣ro in campo de asuro: Il port

d'azure vn bend & deux bendilets d'or, hee beareth azure, a bend betweene two bendilets of golde. And these bends be sometimes florished as is shewed be∣fore in the coate of barres and sometimes the bendi∣lets be found inchained, & somtimes powdred with mullets, & somtimes with other differences which were needlesse to be shewed here.

Of armes paly bended.

And certainely the best manner of bearing of sun∣dry armes in one shielde, is in these bends especially for him that hath a patrimony left him by his father, and other lands descending to him by his mother, to which lands of his mother armes are appropriate of olde time, and that the Armes with lande fall to her by discent, then maie a man beeing heire if hee will, beare the armes of his father in his shielde, and in such a bend beare his mo∣thers armes, in such forme as appeares in this,

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

and it shall be saide of him which beares these armes, in latin thus, Portat arma palata de argento et reubio cum vna benda de nigro, Il port palee d'argent & de gules & vn bend du sable: he beareth palee of siluer and gules, with a bend of sable.

And sometimes we find these bends charged with three mascules or mullets of gold.

Of armes bendy fusilled.

Moreouer there be found in armes other certaine bends much differing from these as here I will shew you in this scutchion, of a bend fuselled of the man∣ner of which fusels I will speake on hereafter.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

And it shall be said of him which doeth beare these Armes, Portat vnam bendam fusilla∣tam in campo de asurio: il port vn bendee fusillee d'or, he beareth azure, a bend fusil∣led of gold.

Of borders in armes.

There are diuers and sundry borders founde in armes, of which some be plain, some engrayled, some talented, some plain powthered, some checked, some gobonetted, some inuec∣ked, of which euery one shal be spoken of in order.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

But first I wil speake of plain borders as appeareth in this scutchion, and it is tearmed a plaine bordure where it is of one cou∣lour alone. And thus it

shall be said of him which beareth this coate, portat tres rosas rubras in campo argenteo cum vna bordura de reu∣beo, Il port d'argent trois Rosis de gules & vn bor∣dure de gules: he beareth siluer, three roses of gules and a border of gules.

Of armes bordered en∣grailed.

Armes with a border engrailed are vsually borne as I shall shewe you in this scutchion which heere I set downe, and it shall bee needlesse for me to shewe you what ingrayling in armes is, hauing sufficientlie declared the same in other coates already blazed.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

But nowe comming to speake of armes with a bordure engrayled, I wil blaze this coate which heere I set downe, portat arma de auro fimbriata siue bordurata de ni∣gro ingradata, cum tribus ma∣culis perforatis de nigro: in french: Il port d'or trois mullettes perforatees de sa∣ble vn bordure engraylee de sable: he beareth golde three mullets perforated of sable and a bordure en∣grayled of sable.

Of armes bordered, tallanted, or besanted.

There are also borne in Armes a Bordure besan∣ted or tallented, as in this scutchion, which heere I set downe:

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

but it shall bee needelesse in blazing to ex∣presse the colour of the tal∣lents or lessantes, because they be euer of gold: there∣fore it shall be saide of him which beareth this coate, Portat vnum signum capitale de rubio in campo albo borduratum cum rubio talentatium, Il port d'argent vn cheueron de gules bordure de gules talentee, in English, Hee beareth siluer a cheueron of gules bordered with gules talented.

Of armes bordered hauing two cheuerons.

And oftentimes we finde in armes, that bordures are borne powdered in di∣uerse manners, sometimes with mullets, sometimes with crossets, otherwhiles with besants, and diuers o∣ther changes.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

And then it is called a border powdered with that which is in the border, and these signes, as

mullets, roses, and other are not comprehēded with∣in any number in blazing exceeding the number of nine. And thus it shall be said of him which beareth these armes, Portat scutum de Rubio cum duobus signis capi∣talibus de Albo & vna bordura puluerisata cum talentis: Il port de gules deux cheuerons d'argent & vn bor∣dure de gules powdree talentee, hee beareth Gules two cheuerons of siluer and a border powdered with Besants.

Of a border checkered.

We haue yet another bordure in armes which is called a border checkered: and so called, because it is checkerwise in two colours, as here appeares in this scutchion,

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

and it shall bee saide of him which beares these armes in this maner: Portat vnam crucem rubinam planam in campo argenteo cum vna bordura scaccata de nigro et argento: Il port d'argent vn crois plain de gules borduree checkee du sable & d'argent, he beareth sil∣uer, a plaine crosse of gules, a border checkie with sil∣uer and sable.

Of borders gobonated.

Moreouer and besides the armes which I haue spoken of with borders, there is a border gobonated as in this scutchion next following: and it is called gobinated for it is made of two colours in quadrats or quadrately of blacke and white, and whosoeuer beareth these armes, shall be said to beare thus: Portat de argento et duas bendas de nigro cum vna bordura de albo et nigro gobinata: Il port d'argent: deux bendees de sable, & vn bordure de sable & d'argent: he beareth siluer, two bendes of sable with a bordure gobinated of siluer and sable:

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

and this same bordure bare that noble prince the Duke of Glocester, brother to that famous warriour, King Henry the fifth, the which royall Duke bare in his coate the whole armes of France and England quarterly with a bordure gobi∣nated of siluer & sable, as in this scutchion set down.

Of bordures inuecked.

There bee yet Bordures in armes of two coulours inuecked as heere in this scutchion ap∣peareth, and the reason why it is tearmed in∣uecked: I haue shewed you in other armes be∣fore: then of him which beareth these armes it shall

bee saide thus:

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

Portat arma quarterata de rubee et auro, cum vna bordura de argento et nigro simul inuectis. Il port quarti∣lee de gules et d'or ouesque vn bordure verre d'argent et du sable: He doth beare quarterly gules and golde with a bordere inuecked of siluer and sable.

But of these bordures there hath risen some doubt amongest such as haue pretended themselues to be skilfull in Herauldrie, as in the armes of the Earle of March, as heere in this scutchion:

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

there hath gro∣wen a question, whether this shoulde be called a bor∣der or not: but some haue affirmed, that Roger Mor∣timer Earle of March when as hee liued bare Armes in this manner: Portauit arma palata, barrata, et contra∣conata de asureo et auro, cum vno simplici scuto de argento, in French, Il port pale barree girone d'azure et d'or et vn escu simple d'argent, in English, He doth beare pale barrie countercoined of azure and golde with a simple sheelde of siluer.

And this opinion before rehearsed in the blazing hath pleased many, the which in no maner of wise can be true, for if these armes (as it is sayde before) were countercoined, then the lowest corner or coine of the Armes, that is, the lowest point of the sheelde shoulde not be of one colour as it is of a∣zure.

But besides these proofes before rehearsed, it is certaine, that in all armes countercoyned, all the coines of what colour soeuer they be, meete toge∣ther by their points in the middest of the sheelde, as in the next scutchion it shall be shewed: Therefore (in mine opinion) except greater aucthoritie can be shewed to the contrary: but they shall thus be bla∣zed, Portauit arma barrata, et caput scuti palatum et an∣gilatum de asurio et auro, cum scuto simplici de argento, Il port barree vn cheiff palee cunectee d'azure et d'or et vn estu simple d'argent: in English, Hee beareth barrie and a chieffe paly angulated of azure and gold with a simple sheelde of siluer.

Of armes countercoined.

There be diuers families which beare Armes coun∣tercoined, as heere in this scutchion appeareth,

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

and these armes be called coun∣tercoined, because the coins meete all together in one point in the middest of the sheelde, for euery border

triangular is properly more of length, then of bredth wherefore the opinion of such as said that the armes before spoken of belonging to the Earle of March, were palie barry, and counter-coyned are to be re∣prooued, because the colours accord not, as of neces∣sity they shuld accord, if the aforesaid opinion were true. Therefore it shall be said thus of him which beareth these armes: Portat arma contraconata de asureo et albo: Il port Girone d'azure & argent▪ he beareth countercoynd of azure and siluer.

Of armes pyled.

For as much as we haue spoken of armes in which the colours meete togither in the midst of the shield now it followeth of cer∣tain armes in which three pyles meete togither in one point,

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

as in this scut∣chion which shall be thus blazed: portat tres pilas ni∣gras, in campo aureo: Il port d'or trois piles de sable, hee beareth golde three pyles of siluer.

Of balles in armes.

Neuerthelesse you must note the difference in the blasing of these armes before, and those that come after, when you blase them in the latine tongue, for sometimes this woorde pila in latine is taken for a peece of timber to be put vnder the pillor of a bridge as in the scutchion before, and sometimes this word pila is taken for a ball such as wee plaie with, then it is called pila manualis, as in this scutchion,

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

other∣whiles a foote ball which is in latin pila pedalis, there∣fore it shal bee said of him which beareth these armes in latin, Portat tres pilas ar∣genteas in campo reubio, Il port de gules trois peletees d'argent: hee beareth gules three balles of siluer.

And you must note this, that such balles haue all coulours, but the coulour of golde, for if they bee of golde, you shall terme them besants.

Of tortels in armes.

There be also tortelles that be little cakes which

be greater than balles, as in this scutchion appeareth,

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

which tortelles be euer of a greater compasse than the balles in the Armes before set downe: and hee which beareth these tortels shal be said to beare this, in latine, Portat tres tortellas rubias in campo aureo, Il port d'or et trois torteulx de gules, in English, Hee heareth golde three tortelles of gules. And you must note this, that Balles, Besants, and Tortelles in Armes are alwayes whole round figures, and not perfo∣rated.

Of Fountaines and Welles borne in armes.

There be certaine other round figures borne in armes, of white mixed sometime with azure, some∣time with sable vndated, or after the manner of waues, which markes or figures be called fountaines or welles: and therefore ca∣ry the colour of that which they represent, like water troubled with the winde:

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

And of him which beareth these armes thus it shall be saide, Portat tres fontes in

campo viridi, Il port di vert et trois fountains: he bea∣reth vert three fountaines.

Of Rings borne in Armes.

Now after these round figures aboue rehearsed, there be other which bee perforated as rings or an∣lets, as is shewed vnto you in this scutchion:

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

And of him which beareth these armes, it shal be saide thus: Portat tres anulos aures in cam∣po nigro: in French, Il port du sable et trois anulettes d'or, in English, He bea∣reth sable and three rings of golde.

Of Tracts in Armes.

Hauing spoken before of bordures in armes, now it followeth to intreate of Tracts or lines: and first of a simple tract, as in this scutchion heere set downe,

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

and it is called a tract or line because it drowneth not the colour of the sheeld, but that the same appeareth as well within the charge as without, as it were repre∣senting the bordure of a

sheelde, Portat vnum tractum simplicem planam auream in campo asurio, in French, Il port d'azure vn tracee plein d'or, He beareth azure a plaine tract of gold.

Of a tract ingrailed on both sides.

A tract or line is sometimes engrailed on both sides, as heere in this figure appeareth,

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

and it shall bee saide of him which beareth these Armes in this wise: Portat vnum tractum ex vtra∣que parte ingradatum de auro in campo rubeo, in French, il port de gules vn tracee en∣graile de chestim coste d'or, in English, Hee doth beare gules with a tract ingrailed on both sides of golde.

Of a tract double and flourished.

This tract is sometimes borne double and flouri∣shed, as in the armes of the King of Scotland, and as heere in this scutchion ap∣peareth:

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

which armes bee blazed in this manner, in Latine, Portat duplicem tra∣ctatum cum floribus gladioli contrapositis vno leone rapaci de reubio in campo aureo, in the

French, Il port d'or vn double tracee flouretee countree et vn lion rampant de gules, in English, He beareth a double trace flourished contrary, and a lion ramping of gules.

Of Tracts triplatite and quadriplatite.

Also you shal finde more diuersitie of these tracts before rehearsed, for there are some families which beare these tracts triplatite, as in this figure:

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

and of him which beareth this coate in this sort you shall say thus: Portat tractum tripl••tatum de albo in campo aureo, in french, il port d'or vn tracee triplee d'argent, He beareth gold a trace triplatite of siluer.

Of a tract simple of two colours inuecked.

There bee other families which beare a tract sim∣ple with two colours inuecked, as heere I haue set downe in this scutchion,

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

and the possessour thereof shall be said to beare in this wise: Portat vnum tractum simplicem de coloribus asureo & argenteo inuectis in scuto aureo: in French, Il port d'or vn trace simple verre d'azure et d'argent, in English, Hee beareth gold a tract simple inuecked of azure and siluer.

Of fisures or staues.

Hauing spoken of Bendes and their differences, now wee will speake of fisures or staues: the which doe euer beginne at the left corner of the sheelde be∣neath, contrary to bendes, which beginne at the right and are drawen to the left:

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

And you shall vnderstand, that these fisures bee borne as many and sundry wayes, as bendes be: There be fi∣sures plaine, engrailed, in∣uecked, and fusillated, as I

haue saide before in the place of Bendes: And these staues Bastardes are woont to beare, or should beare them: but most commonly wee do call it a fisure, because that it doeth cleaue the Armes in two parts, signifying thereby, that the bastard is diuided from the inheritaunce of his father. And such a Bastarde is forbidden for to beare the whole Armes of his fa∣ther, because of the reuerence of blood: There∣fore if hee will beare them, hee must beare them with this difference, thereby to shew his bastardie, from the naturall and lawefull heire of his father: and when you haue any such fisure in Armes in∣grailed, inuecked, or fusillated, you shall blaze the same as is already taught you in the Chapiter of Bendes going before. And the bastard the which beareth these Armes shall be saide to beare them in this manner: in Latine, Portat vnam fisuram siue bacculum aureum in campo asurio, in French, Il port d'azure vn fees d'or, in English, He beareth azure a fisure or staffe of golde.

Of Armes borne with a head or a chiefe.

And you must knowe, that it is called a head or chiefe in Armes, when as the highest part of the sheelde is of one colour or diuerse, and that it doe not extend vnto the middest of the sheelde, as it is shewed you in this scutchi∣on.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

And this chiefe is of∣ten borne in armes, by rea∣son that oftentimes men haue landes descended vn∣to them by their mothers, and that hee as heire to her may beare the Armes be∣longing to his mother, the which oftentimes they doe carrie in this sort: But if hee be a man well descen∣ded, and hath inheritance by his father, then may he beare his fathers coate in such a chiefe, and his mo∣thers in the lower part of the shielde. And in this manner it shall be saide of him which beareth this coate, Portat vnum signum capitale de nigro in campo au∣reo cum vno capite rubio et tribus talentis in eodem, in French, Il port d'or vn cheueron de sable et vn cheef de gules et trois besantes in le mesmes: in English, hee beareth golde a cheueron of sable with a cheefe of gules and two besants therein.

And there are some noble families which beare

in a sheelde of golde (as is saide before) a cheueron of sable, or some other colour, and three red roses or white, or some other deuises or markes, as crosses, cressents, birdes, flowers, in a cheefe some of sable some of other colour with mullets or such like, and there shall euery one be blazed in his order, as the field and colours require, as if some man happely shal beare thus: he beareth sable, a cheueron of golde, three roses of gules in a cheefe of azure: or three mullets of vert perforated, and thus of all other dif∣ferences.

Of armes paly with a quarter or canton of another colour.

Now there be some families which doe beare in their armes one quarter or canton of an other diffe∣ring from the colour or colours of the sheelde, as heere you may perceiue in this scutchion:

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

which, whosoeuer beareth shall bee saide to beare in this manner: in Latine, Portat arma palata de asureo et auro cum vna quartera ermetica, in French, Il port palee d'a∣zure et d'or vn quater d'er∣mine, in English, He bea∣reth paly azure and golde with one quarter ermine.

And you must euer be respectiue to the colour of that pale which should ascend to the right corner of the sheelde, if that quarter were not there, and in that colour you must euer beginne to blaze those Armes as if that canton were not.

Of Armes checkered.

Now to speake of armes checkered, as in this scutchion I shew you, and they be termed checkes when they be made of two colours in the manner of a checke boorde,

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

and these armes are borne with ma∣ny differences, with cheefe, quarters, cheuerons, and bendes, as shall be shewed you heereafter, but first these armes are blazed thus, in Latine, Portat arma scakata de asurio et auro, in french Il port skakke d'azure et d'or, in English, he bea∣reth checke of azure and golde.

Or cheuerons borne in Armes.

Nowe to speake of cheuerons borne in Armes, which in Latine are called, Signa capitalia vel ligna,

and indeede they be a couple of sparres ioyned to∣gether, as in this scutchion heere set downe you may perceiue,

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

which signes, as it should seeme were first borne of Carpenters or Ar∣chitects, and the reason is, because a house is neuer made perfect vntill that the sparres be laied: and some∣times two be borne, some∣times three, and sometimes foure, as it is knowen: and of him which beareth these Armes it shall bee saide thus, in Latine: Portat de rubio et dua signa capi∣talia de auro cum tribus talentis, in the French, Il port de gules et deux cheurons d'or et trois talentes: in English, he beareth gules two cheuerons of golde with three besants.

Of a cheueron engrailed.

Also this cheueron is sometimes borne ingrailed, as heere in this scutchion is set downe:

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

which then shal thus be blazed, in Latine, Portat vnum signum capitale ingradatum de albo in campo a∣surio, in French, Il port d'azure vn cheueron d'ar∣gent engraylee, in English, Hee beareth azure a cheueron of siluer engrayled.

Of cheuerons transmuted.

Moreouer in these markes or signes of cheuerons there be found borne transmuted and of diuerse co∣lours, as in this scutchion which here I set downe it appeareth:

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

and the cheue∣rons borne in this sort shall thus be blazed, in Latine, Portat arma quarterata de nigro et argento cum vno signo capitali de dictis coloribus transmutatis, Il port quartilee de sable et d'argent vn cheuron chan∣gee loin de laltre: in English, Hee beareth quarter∣ly fable and siluer with a cheueron of the saide co∣lours transmuted.

Of cheuerons transmuted or counterchan∣ged the long way.

There be also cheuerons borne in Armes trans∣muted after the long way, as it may most plainely appeare in this scutchion,

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

& shall be blazed thus: in latin, Portat arma partita secundum longum de coloribus aureo et ru∣beo cum vno signo cvpitali de di∣ctis coloribus transmutatis, in French, Il port partee du loin d'or et de gules vn che∣ueron changee lun de laul∣tre, in English, Hee bea∣reth

party after the long way two colours gold and gules with a cheuron of the said colors transmuted.

Now to speake of this coate which heere in this scutchion I set downe,

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

I haue knowen some doubt arise about the same among such as pretended to haue great skill in armorie, some holding one opinion, some an other about blazing of the same: neuerthelesse, I do not thinke it a thing wher∣of there shoulde growe so great a question: and thus I blaze this coate, in La∣tine, Portat duas partes capit••s scuti de reubio & caeteram partem de albo admodum signi capitalis et tres rosas de co∣loribus transmutatis, in French, Il port les deux par∣tees du cheif de gules et le troiseme d'argent partees in maniere de cheuron et trois roses l'un de laltre, in English, Hee beareth two partes of the head of the sheeld gules, and the third part siluer in the manner of a cheueron, and three roses of the same colours transmuted.

Of fusils borne in armes.

There hath sundry noble families borne fusils in their armes: amongst the number of which my L of Glocester that noble prince vncle to king Henry the sixt was one, who bare in his armes three fusils of gules in the maner of a bar in a field of siluer: which armes this Duke bare, by reason of certaine landes

belonging to the mount:

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

And here in this same scut∣chion I haue set downe the like coate in forme althogh not in their colours: the which shall be blazed after this manner, in Latine: Portat de reubio et tres fusillos de argento, in the Frenche, Il port de gules et trois fu∣sills d'argent, in English, Hee doeth beare gules three fusilles of siluer: and otherwhiles these three or foure fusilles be borne in maner of a pale.

And this is to be noted, that if these fusilles doe exceede the number of nine, you shal say euermore, the Armes bee powdered with fusilles: and so ge∣nerally if any such markes or signes be borne aboue the number of nine, you shal say, the coate is pow∣dered with the same.

Of one fusill borne in Armes.

Sometimes one fusill is borne in Armes, as heere in this figure it appeereth:

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

yet haue I heard some He∣rauldes doubtfull thereof: Neuerthelesse I knowe the armory is good, and such a coate is truely thus blazed: in Latine, Portat de rubio cum vno fusillo de auro, in French,

Il port de gules vn fusill d'or, in English, he bea∣reth gules a fusil golde.

Of a fusill of diuerse colours.

Also these fusilles are sometimes borne of diuers colours, as here in the scutchion set downe appea∣reth:

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

but yet it is more doubtfull how these Armes shoulde bee blazed than the other: but you shall blaze them thus, in Latine, Portat arma partita ex trans∣uerso de albo et nigro cum vno fusillo ex eisdem coloribus trans∣mutatis, in French, Il port partie de trauers d'argent et sable et vn fusil de mesmes colours lun de laultre: in English, He beareth armes parted barry of siluer and sa∣ble with a fusill of the very same colours transmu∣ted.

Of fusilles in the manner of a bend.

And you shall finde, that such fusilles are often times borne in the manner of a bend, as you shall

perceiue in this scutchion:

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

which armes are thus to be blazed, in Latine, Portat vnam bendam fusillatam de au∣ro in campo rubio, in French, Il port de gules vn bend fu∣sill d'or: in English, Hee beareth gules a bend fusil∣led of golde.

Of a barre fusilled.

Also you shall finde in armes in the manner of a barre fusilled, as in this scutchion it doth appeare:

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

and it shall be saide of him which beareth such Armes, in Latine, Portat de reubio cum vna Barra fusillata de ar∣gento, in French, Il port de gules vne barre fusillee d'argent: in English, He beareth gules a barre fusil∣led of siluer.

Some haue held opinion that such Armes began of Weauers, because this fusill or spindle is proper to their trade.

The difference betwixt fusils, mascules and lozenges.

And you must vnderstand, that the differences betwixt fusilles and mascules are these: first the fu∣sils be euermore longer and smaller than mascules, the mascules be euer broader, and not so long as the fusilles be, as you may perceiue by the mascules in this scuchion,

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

which I blase in this manner, in Latine, Portat de reubio et sex masculas de auro, in French, Il port de gules et sex mascules d'or, in English, Hee bea∣reth gules sixe mascules of golde, and very often you shall finde these mascules perforated.

Also there are Armes borne masculet, as in this figure following is shewed you: and you shall vn∣derstand that those armes be called masculet, in the which the aforesaide Mascules beginne most plen∣teously in the right angle of the shield, and are ended toward the left part, which indeed are paled, and are di∣uided into three pales, if they be rightly done:

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

and of him that beares these armes shalbe said, Portat arma mas∣culata de argento et asurio, Il port d'argent et d'azure ma∣sculee: he beares siluer and azure masculet.

Of lozenges, and how they be made.

Now to knowe the true and perfite difference betweene Mascules and Lozenges, you must take this for a generall information and instruction, that the lozenge euermore standeth vpright, so that one of his pointes is euer directly towardes the toppe of the sheelde, and his other point towardes the bot∣tome or lowest part of the same, and that both the pointes of the sides of the lozenge stand directly to∣wardes the sides of the sheelde: and standing right∣ly in the sheelde they doe stand in the fourme and manner of bends, as you most plainely perceiue in this scutchion which here I haue set downe:

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

And furthermore you must ob∣serue, that neither fusilles nor lozenges be euer found perforated.

Of a Saltary borne in Armes.

There is also a signe or marke borne in Armes which is called a Saltarie, and it is made in the ma∣ner of Saint Andrewes Crosse, as most plainely it appeareth in this scutchion here set downe.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

And this Saltarie was a thing vsed in olde times in parkes, which was of great compasse and largenesse to take Deere or wilde beasts in, which be∣ing once forced into the same, they coulde not get out againe. Wherefore in olde times these markes were giuen vnto rich coue∣tous men or great farmours, that in what manner soeuer they came by their wealth, could neuer bee forced to part from the same: Which coate is to be blazed in this wise, in Latine, Portat de asureo et vnum saltatorium de auro, in French, Il port d'azure vn saltiere d'or, in English, Hee beareth azure a saltarie of golde.

Of a sautory engrailed.

Now you must vnderstand that these sautories be otherwhiles ingrailed, as heere in this scutchion,

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

and then they be caled sauteries ingrailed: which armes are euer blazed: portat vnum sal∣tatorium ingradatum de auro in campo asurio, in French, Il port d'azure vn saltiere d'or engrailee: He beares azure a saltary of gold ingrailed.

Sometimes there are many sauteries engrailed in one sheelde, sometimes two, otherwhiles three, as in this scutchion appear∣eth,

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

and of him that beares these Armes thus it shall be saide: Portat vnam barram planam et tria saltatoria ingra∣data de auro in campo rubio, in French, Il port de gules vn barre plein et trois saltiers engrailees d'or: in French he beareth gules, one barre plaine, and three sauteries engrailed of golde.

Of Crownes in armes in maner of a pale.

And it is diligently to be noted, that speaking of such crownes in Armes, we must euer haue a regard howe they bee borne:

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

for sometimes they be borne in the manner of a pale, as you may see in this scutchion which is thus blazed, in la∣tine, Portat tres coronas de au∣ro palatas in campo asurio, in French, Il port d'azure trois corones palees, in En∣glish, hee doth beare azure three crownes of gold paled.

Of crownes borne barred.

These three crownes be sometimes borne barred, as appeereth in this scutchion,

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

and you shall blaze it thus: Portat tres coronas aureas in campo asureo, in French, Il port d'azure e trois corones barres d'or: in English, he beares azure three crownes of gold barred.

Of three Crownes borne in the corners of the shielde.

Now to speake of these three Crownes borne in the corners of the sheelde, as in the scutchion here set downe you must note, that this is the most wor∣thy fourme and manner of bearing such Armes, and the most auncient:

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

there∣fore you shall say of him that beareth these crownes in this wise, in Latine, Portat de asureo tres coronas au∣reas, in French, Il port d'azure trois corones d'or, in English, Hee beareth a∣zure three crownes of gold.