The rogue: or The life of Guzman de Alfarache. VVritten in Spanish by Matheo Aleman, seruant to his Catholike Maiestie, and borne in Seuill

CHAP. IV.

Guzman de Alfarache deliuereth a learned and witty Discourse, conceyued by himselfe, against the Uanity of Honour: touching by the way vpon the Vices of Seruants, of Shop-keepers, of Notaries, of Proctors, of Iudges, of Artificers, of Apothecaries, of Physicians, and of Lawyers.

I Haue made a long and a tedious digression, and am well witting thereof to my selfe. But I would not haue thee make it a matter of wonder; for the necessitie that enfor∣ced me therevnto, was very great. And if two or more hurts meet in one and the selfe-same body, it is good dis∣cretion to succour the more important, not being vnmind∣full in the meane while of the lesser. So doth it often oc∣curre in Warre, and in all other things whatsoeuer. I assure thee by the faith of an honest man, that I am not able to tell thee, which of the two were the greater, either that which I did let alone, or that which I tooke in hand, con∣sidering how much both of them imported, and of what consequence they were. But let vs redeeme the Pawne that stands ingaged, and returne againe to our former matter, following the pursuite of that Discourse, of whose foo∣ting, we haue found the pricks already.

It was my hap one day to beare in my basket, (which I brought from the Shambles) a quarter of Mutton, for a certaine Hosier, or Gentleman Taylor. I had by chance at that time about me, certaine old a 1.1 Coplas, or Ballads, which (in a kind of broken tune) still as I read this or t'other line, I fell a sing∣ing, as I went along. My good Master hauing (as it should seeme) listened vn∣to me, look't backe on the sudden, and smiling, said; How now (my totter'd Raskall) a pox take you for a ragga-muffin, can you reade, you Rogue? Yes marry can I, Sir, (quoth I) I thanke God, I can reade reasonable well, but my writing is better then my reading. Sayst thou me so, Boy? And with that he intreated me, that I would teach him to write his name, or to make some marke, that might serue for a subscription, or vnder-signing (hee cared not * 1.2 which) for either would serue his turne. I pray Sir (said I) what good can this doe you? What can you benefit your selfe, by hauing learned to make a bare marke, and no more? Me thinkes you should haue no great vse for that a∣lone, vnlesse you could write too. Yes marry haue I, Sir (quoth he,) for I haue much worke goes through these hands, of such and such great men, I make all the cloathes their children weare (and there by the way, he reckons me vp a bead-roll of these and these Lords) and therefore I would very faine, (if I knew how) learne to write my Name, or to make my Marke, that (if occasion were offered) I might not be taken for an Asse, and say (like a foole as I am) when I am call'd to subscribe, Indeed, Sir, you must pardon mee, I cannot write. And so this businesse broke off as abruptly, as it began. And I making a large Soliloquium, and meditation to my selfe, went on a good while with the same after this manner.

Heere (Guzman) thou shalt see, what a kinde of thing Honour is, seeing it * 1.3 is conferred on such as these: It is, the sonne of Nothing; the Child that knowes neither father, nor mother; the Earth's off-spring, beeing raised out of the dust thereof; it is a fraile Vessell, full of cracks, of flawes, and of holes, vncapable of containing any thing in it, that is of any moment or worth▪ Fa∣uour hath indeuoured to mend this broken Bucket, and to stop the Leakes thereof with clouts and with rags; and putting therevnto the rope of priuate interest, now they draw vp water with it, and it seemeth to bee very be∣neficiall * 1.4 and profitable vnto them. It is one of Peter the Taylors sonnes, whose

father, howsoeuer he got it, were it well, or were it ill, made a shift to leaue him something to liue vpon. Or like vnto that other, who by stealing from others, got wherewithall to giue, and where-with to bribe, and suborne. These are the men that are honoured now adaies, they speake high language, and vtter arrogant words, and presse into all your great Assemblies, and prin∣cipall meetings, as if they were the only men, and none but they. These now take the vpper hand, sit downe first, and take place of all men, whom hereto∣fore you might haue ranked amongst your Muletters, or scarce so good men as they.

Behold, how many good men haue with-drawne themselues from the Court, and liue a priuate and retyred life at home? How many habits of St. Iago, Calatraua, & Alcantara, sowne with white threed? How many of the ancient Nobilitie of Zayn Caluo, and Nunno Rasura, trodden vnder feet? * 1.5

Tell me I pray, who is that that giues honour vnto some, and takes it from other some? Marry, it is more or lesse wealth. O what a braue Canon is this, to qualifie a man? what an excellent Rector, what a learned Schoole∣master? How discreetly doe they graduate a man, what a good examination doe they take, before they preferre any! Tell me once more I pray: What dif∣ference is there in their Obligation, between him that cōmeth fairely (as thou saidst before) by an Office; and him that buyes an Office, whose money only (without any other merit) hath inthroned him in the Sancta Sanctorum of the world? Whence comes it to passe, that the man that is discreet, noble, ver∣tuous, well descended, of a sound and sober iudgement, long practice, & more experience, a true Master of his Art, should (by being depriued of his due preferment,) remaine poore and needy, shut vp in a corner, excluded from businesse, afflicted, and peraduenture inforced to derogate from his owne worth, and to doe that which is not agreeable to his disposition, that he may auoid the incurring of a worse inconheuience? Thou hast put too hard a taske vpon me, considering that slender satisfaction, that I am able to giue thee: But I shall tell thee, according to my talent, and as the poorenesse of my vnderstanding shall giue me leaue.

When I consider thereon, as a thing properly appertaining vnto God * 1.6 (whose iudgements are inscrutable, and hidden both from men and Angels) I shall not inter-meddle, or straine my selfe any further therin, then the shortnes of my apprehension shall be able to reach vnto. Which is; That he very well knoweth, how to proportion his gifts, and to giue vnto euery one so much as is needfull for him, for his saluation. And therefore when a man shall faile of such or such an Office, or misse such or such a preferment, God saw it was not so fitting for him, for causes best knowne vnto himselfe, or for that hee fore-knew that it would be a meanes to worke his condemnation, whom he is willing to saue, because he hath predestinated him to a better place.

And this is as much as can be said concerning him, who doth not obtaine that, which he deserueth. But for that Fauorite, or person of Power with his Prince, that shall either be a blocke in this mans way, or strippe him of the Office that he worthily holdeth, who is not a Iudge of the inward intentions, nor of the hearts of men, neither is able to examine them; but must goe vpon trust, and make his iudgement by externall and outward things, (which he can only see and know) doth often-times tread awry, and peruert and wrest things to an ill sense: If it may be lawfull for vs to speake in a rusticall phrase; applying the language of heauen, to that here on earth, I say, that vpon the margent of this great mans Account, God doth (as we vse here to doe, when we will marke a thing the better, and looke more narrowly into it) shut one of his eies, to make his sight the surer, when he mindes to hit the marke hee aimes at. I say then: I wil demand of these men, what cause they had to do this wrong, knowing that my threatnings are out against them? O ye Iudges

of the earth, because ye haue iudged vnrighteously, I haue prepared for you a hard and insufferable punishment: I will reside in the Synagogue of the gods, and I will iudge them. O, what a griefe is it, how many thousands of pitties, that these men (knowing this to be true) will aduenture to come be∣fore that vpright and true Iudge, when the Accusation is certaine, which is brought in to condemne them; and the restitution now wanting, which they ought to make; without the which, their sinne cannot be forgiuen them; and yet would not, when time serued, take order to make amendment for so foule a fault▪

True it is, that peraduenture there were not some wanting, that would whisper them in the eare, and say; Sir, you may doe this very well, and not sinne, it is not a thing that ought to trouble your conscience, you did well, (which is no more then euery wise man would doe, were he in your place) in bestowing this Office, on that kinsman, that acquaintance, that friend, or seruant of yours, which are neerest vnto you. But (to speake the truth) thou couldst not doe it; for thou didst remoue it from it's right place, and put it into that, which was vnfit, and improper for it. Looke ouer thy Cardes a lit∣tle better, thinke well on this businesse, and then thou wilt tell me (my friend) that it was an errour in thee, and that thou couldst not doe it; And because thou couldst not do•…•… it, thou didst sinne; And because thou didst sinne, it was not well done. Doe not listen to the words of fooles, nor of flatterers, in a thing that concernes thee so much as this doth: it were better for thee that thou wouldst gird vp thy loynes, and looke vnto that which may doe thee hurt, and seeke in time to preuent it, lest the remedie come too late. For there are some Confessors, that will giue large Absolutions, who are like vn∣to Taylours, who will tell thee, that the garment which they haue made for thee, fits thee very well; but thou knowest better then they, whether it wring thee or no, whether it be too streight, and vneasie for thee, and how it sitteth to thy body. And God doth permit, because thou didst not seeke after one (whilest thou wast liuing, and in place of authoritie) that should tell thee the truth; at the time of thy death, when thou art in thy last agonie and an∣guish of soule, thou shalt not meet with that true friend, that shall then tell it thee, but rather sooth thee vp to thy condemnation. Looke about with thine eies, open wide thine eares, and suffer not these busie Bees of Satan, to put honie into them, nor there to swarme and in-hiue themselues. For these their sweet words will but leade thee on in the high and ready way to damnation.

But to returne againe vnto these kinde of men, in respect of God, I doubt not of their punishment; And in regard of man, I must plainely tell thee, that they open the doore to murmuration, and giue occasion to the people, to speake thereof in publike, not sticking to vtter (as I said before) those ends which I thought should haue beene kept secret: taking pittie and compassi∣on of so many merits, so ill rewarded; and of so dis-proportionable an Ex∣change as this, in seeing the euill, by euill meanes, to be in highest esteeme: and the good, by reason of their goodnesse, to be excluded, and shut out of all. But I can assure you, that God hath numbred all the haires of their head, and will not suffer one of them to fall to the ground. Though men therefore may chance to faile them, yet let them comfort themselues with this, that they haue a good God to friend, that will neuer forsake them. This is the World, and thus things goe.

I therefore will neither haue Empire, nor Dignitie; I will not haue Ho∣nour, I will not so much as once looke vpon it. Keepe thy selfe as thou art, (Guzman:) continue (my honest friend) the same man still. Let others (a Gods name) be the Councell of the Common-wealth, the Oracles of the State; let them neuer thinke vpon thee; Enter not into that place, whence

thou canst not get out, when thou wouldst: Doe not put thy selfe into that danger, which may bring a continuall feare with it; Desire not to haue too much, lest it chance to be taken from thee; nor too little, lest thou bee driuen to beg; Doe not pretend any thing by way of flatterie: Doe not in∣tangle thy selfe in many businesses, lest they should disquiet thee: Seeke to be the Vsufructuarie, and free inioyer of thy life, that by vsing of it well, thou maist liue safe in thy estate. Why shouldst thou keepe a stirre, and trouble thy selfe for that, which to morrow is to be no more, and when it is at the most, is of no iong continuance? What doest thou, or any man else know, is become of the Mayor-Domo to King Don Pelayo, or of the Chamberlain to Conde Fer∣nan Gonçales? They had honour, and they held it, but neither of them, nor that, is any memory remaining. So shalt thou the next day be forgotten, as if thou hadst neuer beene at all. Why then is there so much greedinesse, so much thirst, and so much coile; one for his belly, (for to so great a Vanitie are w•…•… now growne, that to eate and waste much, is held no small reputation) ano∣ther for his backe, and a third for honour?

No, no, these things are not for thee, and if thou offer to trouble thy thoughts with them, thou shalt not liue to be an old man, or else thou shalt be old before thy time. Leaue, leaue off, I say, the swelling pride of these huge Gyants, and thrust them vp against the Walls; let them stand there, as Bug∣beares to fright children, as being good for nothing else.

Cloath thy selfe in the winter, with that which may keepe thee Warme; and in the Summer, with that which may couer thee, not going too slouenly, nor too pompously▪ rather decently then richly; Eate no more then may suf∣fice nature, preferring moderation before excesse, for whatsoeuer is more then necessary, is meerely superfluous. For by it, neither the rich man liues, nor the poore man dies. But the diuersitie and abundance of meates, is rather a dis∣ease then otherwise, breeding viscous and slimy humours, whence arise grie∣uous sicknesses, and mortall Apoplexies.

Twice, thrice, nay foure times happy art thou, who risest in the morning * 1.7 when thou wilt, and at what houre thy selfe listeth, without once thinking of seruing, or being serued by any body; for although it be a trouble to haue a Master, it is also a trouble to haue a seruant, as you shall here by and by. At noone, feed freely, dinesecurely, runne not vpon the score with thy Cooke, nor be indebted to thy a 1.8 Dispensero, send not for thy Coales from the Mer∣chants Sellar, where they gather b 1.9 wet and moisture, in stead where of they will bring thee in dust and stones, wherewith thou wilt be coozened; for there are more deceits in the world, then thou or any man else knowes, saue God alone. Seeke not to excell in brauerie, affect not too much neatnes; feare not euery spot that may fall vpon thy clothes, be not in loue with rich Imbroderies; be not too carefull to keepe, nor too fearefull to lose. Bee not enuious nor suspicious; Let no occasion moue thee to lie; Doe not purchase preferment by vndermining of others, nor worke not another mans Ruine, to worke thy selfe into fauour. Thinke it fitter for thee to goe alone, then ac∣companied; a quicke, then a slow pace: rather laughing then weeping; ea∣ting then dancing; without being noted by any. That is the best Tauerne to thee, where thou meetst with the best Wine: And that the best Cookes shop, where thou lightest on the best morsell: In the Market place, thou maist make choice of the best seat, and so thou maist the like at all publike Feasts. In the Winter, get thee into the Sunne, in the Summer into the shade. Thou maist couer thy Boord according to thine owne minde: thou maist make thy Bed, according to thine owne liking; without paying one pennie either for the making or standing of it: And maist choose, whether any man shall see thee, disquiet thee, or contradict thee. Keepe thy selfe aloofe from Law-businesses: liue a stranger to Sutes & Actions: free thy selfe from false Witnesses, for feare

they should part thy goods amongst them, and become masters of all that thou hast. Let no man be able to aske thee a penny; keepe thy selfe safe from Decrees; Beware how, and whom you trust, and vpon what termes: but a∣boue all, (which will be no small glory vnto thee) take heed, how thou be∣com'st a surety for any man. Giue no cause to haue any executions come out against thee; nor thou to doe the like against others: Shunne all contentions and debates, and all manner of suites in Law. Last of all, rest thou satisfied and contented, so that nothing may oppresse thee, nor breake thy sleepe, that thou maist rise betimes in the morning to thinke vpon those things that may turne to thy good, by reforming what is amisse.

All men can not doe all that they would; yet our good God is not forget∣full of the poore, hauing opened a way vnto him, whereby he may liue con∣tented; * 1.10 not giuing him more cold, then his body is able to beare, suting his cō∣stitution, according to his cloathes; so that he may passe in this world, as well as the rich, if he will but order and gouerne himselfe aright. But this life is not made alike for all men: And vndoubtedly, the first inuenter must be a most fa∣mous Philosopher; for so happy a reposednesse, is to bee supposed to haue it's beginning from some singular wit. And to speake truely, that which is not so, costeth much trouble. And those that doe not so passe through this life, are the men that suffer, and pay for all:

Walking through this world with many disturbances, contentions, and molestations; flattering, idolatrizing, carrying things away with a strong hand, plotting of tricks, violently haling by the haire, that, which neither ought to be suffered, nor is fit to be effected, or any way in the world to bee borne withall; shutting their eyes all this while against that, which it con∣cernes them to see; but are very sharpe-sighted in looking to their profit, no∣thing shall passe by them then: They are Linxes, and Eagle-ey'd, when their prey is before them, though it were better for them in these things, to bee as blind as the Beetle, or the Mole: For then they begin to lay their Nets, to pitch their Hayes, fall a setting of Lime-twigges, watching how to put themselues forward, by making of Pit-fals, wherein to to intrap men, thinking to raise them∣selues, by the fall of others. For they doubt not of their owne comming for∣ward, if they can but once come to thrust others backe. Vanity of Vanities, and nothing but Vanity.

O what a grieuous thing is it, that a man should suffer such a number of ca∣lamities, and for no other end onely, but to vphold his frayle and vnfortu∣nate * 1.11 honour from falling? And he that thinkes he hath surest possession of it, liues but with so much the greater care to repayre and maintaine it. I retur∣ned againe and againe to consider thereon, neuer ceasing, nor neuer inough sa∣tisfied with the repeating of this saying: Happy, thrice happy thou, who hast wrapt Honour in a Coffin of Lead, and with strong cords, tying heauy stones therevnto, hast buried it in the Sea, whence it may neuer rise vp any more, nor appeare vnto the world.

I likewise beganne to thinke with my selfe, what a hurtfull thing in a Fa∣mily, * 1.12 is a villanous, an vngratefull, a coozening, and a lying seruant: where∣of now a-dayes, the world is too full. And if we shall briefely decipher forth vnto you such a manner of seruant, you shall finde him to be a Foole; a Slo∣uen; a carelesse Companion; idle, lazie; a bagge, fill'd with nothing but ma∣lice, and roguery; a Funnell, to powre in all manner of discord, and dissenti∣on; full of prattle, vpon euery slight occasion; and dumbe, in those things, that are of any moment; ignorant, in speaking; and impudent, in grum∣bling.

Shall I character forth vnto you a Maid-seruant, or a Nurse, that will serue * 1.13 for any thing? You shall haue her sluttish, theeuish; with a Brother, a Pa∣rent, or a Kinsman, euer and anon asking for her, troubling thy house with

dayly visits; for, and with whom, she returnes so many nights, euery weeke, by retayle; diuiding that time amongst them in parcels, which shee should lay out in the grosse in thy seruice; deuoted onely to the loue and seruice of her Sweet-heart: earnestly desiring to see her selfe made Mistresse of a Mantle: shee will looke for good maintenance, and be her wages neuer so good, that proportion will not serue the turne, but as she sees occasion, she will still bee grating more and more vpon thee: And you must ouer and besides, allow her her wine into the bargaine, because forsooth her stomake is weake, and cannot digest her meat without it. If wee will but looke out into the street, which way so euer we turne our eye, we see euery thing want some-what in the finenesse of it's Loy and true touch, all is false, and without law, nothing that is perfect, neither in weight, nor in measure.

And that this is true, looke into your Shambles, your Hucksters, and other * 1.14 shops of retayle in the Market-place; and then you will tell mee what a deale of coozenage they vse in the venting of their wares, and with what gainefull cunning they vtter their commodities. Besides, to what desperation doth a false, or corrupted Notary driue a man vnto? Against whom, euen truth it * 1.15 selfe hath not the power to preuaile. For the Stemme onely of his Quill, and the very nib of his Pen, is more dangerous against whom it is bent, then a strong-steeled Launce, or a Canon of Brasse, with all his batteries.

What thinke you of alying Attourney? a wrangling Lawyer? Both men of an euill conscience, full of tricks and of quillets, skilfull in deceiuing, cunning * 1.16 in plotting, and aboue all, wonderfull louers of delayes, making it their maine study to put off and prolong suites, that they may licke their own fingers, and fill their hungry bellies, at other mens cost.

What say you, to an obstinate and head-strong Iudge? one of those igno∣rant * 1.17 wilfull ones, who will not sticke perhaps to say of himselfe; I vnderstand my selfe well inough; I know what I speake; nor will I bee taught what to doe. When indeed, he neither vnderstandeth, nor knoweth, nor doth any thing that is fit, nor is well vnderstood by others. At the first, hee seemed milde and gentle (before hee was warme in his Office) like a Bull amidst a Heard of Cowes; but when he came forth, he appeared fierce, and full of rage, as if he had been stucke with darts, and his bloud drawne from him. He wore a garment, which for the shaping of it into fashion, setting the pieces hand∣somely together, and to make it fit for wearing, had need of more then a thou∣sand Scedules, and as many Passe-ports, as also the thread of Theseus; for it is a Labyrinth to enter into. O with what hunger is he affected! he thinkes hee shall neuer be full inough. So that I must say, nothing escaped his hand, were it little or great; the bare fell, or the whole Fleece. I found he offended in all: In this by an I; in that, by a No: In some things; by doing, in some things by not doing: Offending, not only in matters of Omission, but in sinnes of Com∣mission. Who, like the Lyonesse, can with lowd roarings put life into these little Whelpes, (these dead truthes) to the end, that by taking breath, some remedy might be had?

Let vs runne through all occupations; Looke I pray into your Taylor, with whom it is now growne to a custome, that you must pay something to the * 1.18 setting vp of their a 1.19 Signe, else your worke shall ne're be made an end of; or if it be, it shall be spoyled in the making, or they will filch so much of your stuffe from you, as shall lessen you Coat, and inlarge their Vailes.

Your, Mason, your Smith, your Carpenter, and all other Trades-men what∣soeuer, none excepted, doe all steale, all lye, all coozen: none of them deales truely, no not one. And which is worst of all, they take a glory therein, and thinke themselues, in so doing, to be iolly wise fellowes, and Masters of their craft; holding those that deale more honestly (if there be any such) to be sim∣ple men, and poore seely fooles, that want wit.

Let vs looke a little backe, and see, if we shall not finde an Apothecarie in a * 1.20 blind corner, who because he will not be said to say I haue not such a thing, or so, nor discredit his shop; will not stick to giue you contrary Syrrops, counter∣fet Oyles, falsify'd Waters; you shall not finde one Drugge that is of true and perfect goodnes, or any Compound made according vnto the rules of Art; they mingle, baptize, and make confections (according to their owne liking) of differing qualities, and diuers effects, thinking (in their poore discretion) that there is but little difference betwixt the one and the other, though it bee contrary to all truth and reason. And thus doe they kill many a man, making of their Boxes, and their Vyals, Dags and Pistols; and of their Pils, Pellets; wherewith (as with so many Bullets) they lay vs dead on the ground.

But you will say, Master Doctor ouer-sets him, and that there is not an in∣gredient, * 1.21 but carries his eye, and direction with it, and therefore the dan∣ger is so much the lesse.

True: But if you doe not fee him well, he forgoes the cure; and if you doe fee him well, hee prolongs it: And so by this meanes, some, nay, many times, his sicke Patient mis-carries, and is sent vntimely to his graue.

And it is a thing worthy the noting, that Lawes being the Daughters of Reason, if you put a Case to a Lawyer, or aske his opinion, hee studies it, and will not resolue you, till he haue well and truely considered thereon, be∣cause it is a matter of goods, or of Land, which may concerne a mans ma∣king, or marring.

But your Physician, no sooner comes in to visit you, but presently by the touch of your Pulse, as soone as euer his finger hath felt it, hee in∣stantly knowes your disease, though it be vtterly vnknowne vnto him, and remoued as farre from his vnderstanding, as earth, from heauen. And then, (that hee may not betray this his ignorance) hee forthwith prescribes, and applyes such remedies vnto you, as are more truely meanes to bring you to your last home, then to restore you to health. Shall it not bee fit (if that Aphorisme of theirs bee true) that life is short, the Art long, experience deceitfull, and the iudgement hard and difficult, to goe on by little and little, as it were by degrees, till they bee thorowly entred thereinto, and become Masters of that which they would willingly cure, by studying that which they ought to doe therein? To treat of this, would aske a long dis∣course. All goes topsie-turuy; all Kim, Kam; all, is tricks and deuices; all Riddles and vnknowne Mysteries; you shall not finde man, with man; we all liue in ambush, lying in wait one for another, as the Cat, for the Mouse, or the Spider for the Fly; who roming carelessely vp and downe, suffers her selfe to be taken by a slender thread, whilest that venemous ver∣mine, seazing on her head, holds her fast, neuer leauing her, till shee hath kill'd her with her poison.

Notes

• a 1.1

  Coplas, son cartas que venden por las call•…•…, y en las plaças los cicgos.
• * 1.2

  A Taylor would faine learne to write his name, o•…•… to make his firma or marke. And the reason why?
• * 1.3

  Honour, what kinde of thing it is?
• * 1.4

  H•…•…, compa∣red to base per∣sons.
• * 1.5

  The more rich, the more honour.
• * 1.6

  Gods secrets con∣cealed from man.
• * 1.7

  Libertie, how pleasant a thing it is.
• a 1.8

  A Cater, that makes prouision for victuals.
• b 1.9

  In Spai•…•… they sell their coales by the pound.
• * 1.10

  The poore man may, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 himselfe well, liue happely.
• * 1.11

  What a trouble∣some thing Ho∣n•…•… i•…•…?
• * 1.12

  Bad seruants, what a ba•…•… they are to a house.
• * 1.13

  The wickednesse of 〈◊〉〈◊〉, and their 〈◊〉〈◊〉.
• * 1.14

  Falsehood in sel∣ling of wares.
• * 1.15

  Against Nota∣ries, Scriueners, &c.
• * 1.16

  Against Attour∣neys & Lawiers.
• * 1.17

  Against Iudges.
• * 1.18

  Against Taylors
• a 1.19

  The Spanish word is Pen∣don. And so it may signifie som∣thing giue•…•… to the Corporation. Against, Masons, Smithes, Carpen∣•…•…, &c.
• * 1.20

  Against Apothe∣caries.
• * 1.21

  Against Doctors of Physicke.