The Nevv Testament of Iesus Christ, translated faithfully into English, out of the authentical Latin, according to the best corrected copies of the same, diligently conferred vvith the Greeke and other editions in diuers languages; vvith arguments of bookes and chapters, annotations, and other necessarie helpes, for the better vnderstanding of the text, and specially for the discouerie of the corruptions of diuers late translations, and for cleering the controversies in religion, of these daies: in the English College of Rhemes

CHAP. XVI.

The obstinate Pharisees and Sadducees, as though his foresaid miracles were not sufficient to proue him to be Christ, require to see some one from heauen, 5 Wherevpon forsaking them, he warneth his disciples to beware of the leauen of their doctrine: 〈◊〉〈◊〉 and Peter (the time now approching for him to goe into lewrie to his Passion) for confessing him to be Christ, he maketh the Rocke of his Churche, geuing fulnes of Ecclesiastical power accordingly. 21 And after, he so rebuketh him for∣dissuading his Crosse and Passion, that he also affirmeth the like suffering in euery one to be necessarie to s••luation.

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[verse 1] AND there came to him the Pharisees and Sad∣ducees tempting:* 1.1 and they demaunded him to shevv them a signe from heauen.* 1.2 ✝ [rightJustify 2] But he an∣svvered & said to them, when it is euening, you say, It vvil be faire-vvether, for the elemēt is redde. ✝ [rightJustify 3] And in the morning, This day there vvil be a tēpest, for the element doth glovve and lovvre. The face therfore of the element you haue skil to discerne: and the signes of times can you not? ✝ [rightJustify 4] The * naughtie and aduouterous gene∣ration seeketh for a signe:* 1.3 and there shal not a signe be gi∣uen it, but the signe of Ionas the Prophet. And he left them and vvent avvay.

✝ [rightJustify 5] And * vvhen his disciples vvere come ouer the vvater,* 1.4 they forgot to take bread. ✝ [rightJustify 6] Who said to them,* 1.5 Looke vvel and bevvare of the leauen of the Pharisees & Sadduces. ✝ [rightJustify 7] But they thought vvithin them selues saying, Because vve tooke not bread. ✝ [rightJustify 8] And IESVS knovving it, said, why do you thinke vvithin your selues O ye of litle faith, for that you haue not bread? ✝ [rightJustify 9] Do you not yet vnderstand,* 1.6 neither do you remember * the fiue loaues among fiue thousand men, and how many baskets, you tooke vp? ✝ [rightJustify 10] neither the * seuen loaues, among foure thousand men, and hovv many maundes you tooke vp? ✝ [rightJustify 11] Why do you not vnderstand that I said not of bread to you, Bevvare of the leauen of the Pharisees & Sadducees? ✝ [rightJustify 12] Then they vnderstoode that he said not they should bevvare of the leauen of bread, but of the doctrine of the Pharisees and Sadducees.

✝ [rightJustify 13] And * IESVS came into the quarters of Caesarea Phi∣lippi:* 1.7 and he asked his disciples,* 1.8 saying, ″ whom say men that the Sonne of man is? ✝ [rightJustify 14] But ″ they said,* 1.9 Some Iohn the Baptist, & othersome Elias, and others Hieremie, or one of the Pro∣phets. ✝ [rightJustify 15] IESVS saith to them, But vvhom do you say that I am? ✝ [rightJustify 16] Simon Peter ansvvered & said, Thou art Christ the sonne of the liuing God. ✝ [rightJustify 17] And IESVS ansvvering, said to him, ″ Blessed art thou Simon bar-Iona: because flesh & bloud hath not reuealed it to thee, but my father vvhich is in heauen. ✝ [rightJustify 18] And ″ I say to thee,* 1.10 That ″ thou art *∷ 1.11 Peter: and ″ vpon this ″ Rocke vvil I ″ build my Church, and the ″ gates of hel shal not preuaile against it. ✝ [rightJustify 19] And I * vvil giue ″ to thee the ″ keies of the kingdom of heauen.* 1.12 And ″ vvhatsoeuer thou shalt binde vpon earth, it shal be bound also in the heauens: and vvhatsoeuer thou shalt loose in earth it shall be loosed also in the heauens. ⊢

✝ [rightJustify 20] Then he commaunded his disciples that they should tel

no body that he vvas IESVS CHRIST.

✝ [leftJustify 21] From that time IESVS began to shevv his disciples, that he must goe to Hierusalem, & suffer many things of the Ancients & Scribes & cheefe-Priestes, and be killed, and the third day rise againe. ✝ [leftJustify 22] And Peter taking him vnto him, began to rebuke him, saying, Lord, be it farre from thee, this shal not be vnto thee. ✝ [leftJustify 23] Who turning said to Peter, Goe after me∷ 1.13 Sa∣tan, thou art a scandal vnto me: because thou sauourest not the things that are of God, but the things that are of men. ✝ [leftJustify 24] Then IESVS said to his disciples,* 1.14 If any man wil come after me, let him denie him self, and take vp his crosse, and follow me. ✝ [leftJustify 25] For he that will saue his life, shal lose it. and he that shal lose his life for me, shal finde it. ✝ [leftJustify 26] For what doth it profite a man, if he gaine the vvhole vvorld, and sustaine the damage of his soule? Or vvhat permutation shal a man giue for his soule? ✝ [leftJustify 27] For the Sonne of man shal come in the glorie of his father vvith his Angels: and then vvil he render to euery man according to his ″ vvorkes. ⊢

✝ [leftJustify 28] Amen I say to you,* 1.15 * there be some of them that stand here,* 1.16 that shal not taste death, til they see the Sonne of man comming in his kingdom.

ANNOTATIONS CHAP. XVI.

13. Whom say men.] Christ intending here to take order for the founding,* 1.17 regiment, and stabi∣litie of his Church after his decea••e, and to name the person to whom he meant to geue the general charge thereof, would before by interrogatories draw out (and namely out of that one whom he thought to make the cheefe) the professiō of that high and principal Article, That he was the sonne of the liuing God. Which being the ground of the Churches faith, was a necessarie qualitie and condition in him that was to be made Head of the same Church, and the perpetual keeper of the said faith and al other points thereon depending.

14. But they said.] When Christ asked the peoples opinion of him, the Apostles al indifferently made answer: but when he demaunded what them selues thought of him, then loe Peter the mouth and head of the whole felowship answered for al. Chrys. ho. 55. in Mat.

17. Blessed art thou.] Though some other (as Nathanael Io. 1, 49) seeme to haue before beleued and professed the same thing for which Peter is here counted blessed, yet it may be plainely ga∣thered by this place,* 1.18 and so S. Hilarie and others thinke, that none before this did further vtter of him, then that he was the sonne of God by adoption as other Saincts be, though more excellent then other be. For it was of congruitie and Christes special appointment, that he vpon whom he intended to found his new Church, and whose faith he would make infallible, should haue the preeminence of this first profession of Christes natural diuinitie,* 1.19 or, that he was by nature the very sonne of God a thing so farre aboue the capacitie of nature, reason, flesh and bloud, and so repug∣nant to Peters sense and sight of Christes humanitie, flesh, and infirmities, that for the beleefe and publike profession there of he is counted blessed, as Abraham was for his saith: and hath great promises for him self and his posteritie, as the said Patriarche had for him and his seede. Accor∣ding as S. Basil saith,* 1.20 Because he excelled in faith, he receiued the building of the Church committed to him.

1••. And I say to thee.] Our Lord recompenseth Peter for his confession, geuing him a great reward, in that vpon him he builded his Church. Theophilactus vpon this place.

1••. Thou art Peter.] Christ (in the first of Iohn v. 42) foretold and appointed that this man then named Simon,* 1.21 should afterward be called Cephas, or Petrus, that is to say, a Rocke, not then vttering the cause,* 1.22 but now expressing the same, videlicet (as S. Cyril writeth) For that vpon him is vpon a firme rocke his Church should be builded. Wherevnto S. Hilarie agreing saith, O happie foundation of the Church in the imposing of thy new name. &c. And yet Christ here doth not so much call him by the name Peter or Rocke,* 1.23 as he doth affirme him to be a rocke: signifying by that Metaphore, both that he was designed for the foundation and ground worke of his house, which is the Church: and also that he should be of inuincible force, firmitie, durablenes, and stabilitie, to sustaine al the windes, wa••es, and stormes that might fall or beate against the same. And the Aduersaries obie∣cting against this, that Christ only is the Rocke or foundation, wrangle against the very expresse Scriptures and Christes owne wordes, geuing both the name and the thing to this Apostle. And the simple may learne by S. Basils wordes,* 1.24 how the case standeth. Though (saith he) Peter be a rocke, yet he is not a rocke as Christ is. For Christ is the true vnmoueable rocke of him self. Peter is vnmoueable by Christ the rocke. For Iesus doth communicate and impart his dignities, not voyding him self of them, but holding them to him self,* 1.25 bestoweth them also vpon others. He is the light, and yet, 2 You are the light: he is the Priest, and yet he 3 maketh Priests:* 1.26 he is the rocke, and he made a rocke.

18. And vpon this rocke.] Vpon that which he said Peter was, wil he build his Church: and therfore by most euident sequele he foundeth his Church vpon Peter. And the Aduersaries wrang∣ling against this,* 1.27 do against their owne conscience and knowledge: specially seing they know and confesse that in Christes wordes speaking in the Syriake tonge, there was no difference at al betwene Petrus and Petra: yea and that the Greeke wordes also though differing in termination, yet signifie one thing, to wit,* 1.28. a rocke, or stone, as them selues also translate it. Io. 1, 42. So that they which professe to follow the Hebrew or Syriake and the Greeke, and to translate immediatly out of them into Latin or English, should if they had dealt sincerely, haue thus turned Christes wordes, Thou art a rocke, and vpon this rocke: or, Thou art Peter, and vpon this peter wil I build my Church: For so Christ spake by their owne confession without any difference. Which doth expresly stoppe them of al their vaine euasions, that Petrus the former word is referred to the Apostle: and petra the later word, either to Christ only, or to Peters faith only: neither the said original tonges bearing it, nor the sequele of the wordes, vpon this, suffering any relation in the world but to that which was spoken of in the same sentence next before: neither the wordes folowing which are directly addressed to Peters person, nor Christes intention by any meanes admitting it, which was not to make him self or to promisse him self to be the head or foundation of the Church. For his father gaue him that dignitie, and he tooke not that honour to him self, nor sent him self, nor tooke the keies of heauen of him self, but al of his father. he had his cōmission the very houre of his incarna∣tion.* 1.29 And though S. Augustine sometimes referre the word (Petra) to Christ in this sentence (which no doubt he did because the terminations in Latin are diuers, and because he examined not the nature of the original wordes which Christ spake, nor of the Greeke, and therefore the Aduersaries which otherwise flee to the tongs, should not in this case alleage him) yet he neuer denieth but Peter also is the Rocke and head of the Church, saying that him self expounded it of Peter * in many places, and alleageth also S. Ambrose for the same in his hymne which the Church singeth. And so do we alleage the holy Councel of Chalcedon,* 1.30 Act. 3 pag. 118. Tertullian, de praescript, Origen, Ho. 5 in Exo. S. Cyprian, De vnit. Ec. S. Hilarie, Can. 16 in mat. S. Ambrose, Ser. 47. 68. li. 6 in c. 9. Luca. S. Hierom, Li. 1 in Iouin, & in c. 2 Esa. & in c. 16 Hier. S. Epiphanius, In Anchor. S. Chry∣sostom, Ho. 55 in Mat. S. Cyril, Li. 2 c. 12. com. in Io. S. Leo, Ep. ••9. S. Gregorie, Li. 4 ep. 32 ind. 13. * 1.31and others: euery one of them saying expresly that the Church was founded and builded vpon Peter. For though sometimes they say the Church to be builded on Peters faith, yet they meane not (as our Aduersaries do vnlearnedly take them) that it should be builded vpon faith either separated from the man, or in any other man: but vpon faith as in him who here confessed that faith.

1••. Rocke.] The Aduersaries hearing also the Fathers sometimes say, that Peter had these pro∣mises and prerogatiues, as bearing the person of al the Apostles or of the whole Church, deny absurdly that him self in person had these prerogatiues. As though Peter had been the proctor only of the Church or of the Apostles, confessing the faith and receiuing these things in other mens names. Where the holy Doctors meane only, that these prerogatiues were not geuen to him for his owne vse, but for the good of the whole Church, and to be imparted to euery vocation accor∣ding to the measure of their callings:* 1.32 and that these great priuileges geuen to Peter should not decay or die with his person, but be perpetual in the Church in his successors. Therfore S. Hierom to Damasus taketh this Rocke not to be Peters person only, but his successors and his Chaire. I (saith he) folowing no cheefe or principal but Christ,* 1.33 ioyne my self to the communion of Peters chaire, vpon that rocke I know the Church was built. And of that same Apostolike Chaire S. August. saith, That same is the Rocke which the proud gates of Hel do not ouercome. And S. Leo, Our Lord would the Sacrament or mysterie of this gift so to pertaine vnto the office of al the Apostles, that he placed it principally in blessed S. Peter the cheefe of al the Apostles, that from him as from a certaine head he might poure out his giftes, as it were through the whole body: that he might vnderstand him self to be an aliene from the diuine mysterie that should presume to reuolt from the soliditie or stedfastnes of Peter.

1••. Build my Church.] The Church or house of Christ was only promised here to be builded vpon him (which was fulfilled, Io. 21, 1••.) the foundation stone and other pillers or matter being yet in preparing, and Christ him self being not only the supereminent foundation but also the founder of the same: which is an other more excellent qualitie then was in Peter, for which he calleth it my Church: meaning specially the Church of the new Testament. Which was not per∣fectly formed and finished, and distincted from the Synagogue til whitsunday, though Christ gaue Peter and the rest their commissions actually before his Ascension.

18. Gates of hel.] Because the Church is resembled to a house or a citie, the aduersarie powers also be likened to a contrarie house or towne, the gates wherof, that is to say, the fortitude or im∣pugnations shal neuer preuaile against the citie of Christ. And so by this promis we are assured that no heresies nor other wicked attempts can preuaile against the Church builded vpon Peter,* 1.34 which the Fathers call Peters see and the Romane Church. Count (saith S. Augustine) the Priests from the very See of Peter, and in that order of fathers consider vvho to vvhom hath succeeded. that same is the rocke vvhich the proud gates of Hel do not ouercome.* 1.35 And in an other place, that is it which hath obtained the toppe of authoritie, Heretikes in vaine barking round about it.

19. To thee.] In saying, to thee vvil I geue, it is plaine that as he gaue the keies to him, so he builded the Church vpon him.* 1.36 So saith S. Cyprian, To Peter first of al, vpon vvhom our Lord built the Church, and from vvhom he instituted and shevved the beginning of vnitie, did he geue this povver, that that should be loosed in the heauens,* 1.37 vvhich he had loosed in earth. Wherby appeareth the vaine cauil of our Aduersaries, which say the Church was built vpon Peters Confession only, cōmon to him and the rest, and not vpon his person, more then vpon the rest.

19. The keies.) That is, The authoritie or Chaire of doctrine, knowledge, iudgement and dis∣cretion betwene true and false doctrine: the height of gouernement,* 1.38 the power of making lawes, of calling Councels, of the principal voice in them, of confirming them, of making Canons and holesom decrees, of abrogating the contrarie, of ordaining Bishopes and Pastors or deposing and suspending them, finally the povver to dispense the goods of the Church both spiritual and tem∣poral. Which signification of preeminent power and authoritie by the vvord keies the Scripture ex∣presseth in many places:* 1.39 namely speaking of Christ, I haue the keies of death and Hel, that is, the rule. And againe,* 1.40 I vvil geue the key of the house of Dauid vpon his shoulder. Moreouer it signifieth that men can not come into heauen but by him, the keies signifing also authoritie to open and shut, as it is said Apoc. 3. of Christ, who hath the key of Dauid, he shutteth and no man openeth. By which wordes we gather that Peters authoritie is maruelous, to whom the keies, that is, the power to open and shut heauen, is geuen. And therfore by the name of keies is geuen that supereminent power which is called in comparison of the power graunted to other Apostles, Bishops aud Pastors, plenitude potestatis, fulnes of power. Bernard, lib. 2. de considerat. c. 8.

19. Whatsoeuer thou shal bind.) Al kind of discipline and punishment of offenders, either spi∣ritual (which directly is here meant) or corporal so farre as it tendeth to the execution of the spi∣ritual charge, is comprised vnder the word, bind. Of which sort be Excommunications, Anathe∣matismes, Suspensions, degradations, and other censures and penalties or penances enioyned either in the Sacrament of Confession or in the exterior Courtes of the Church, for punishment both of other crimes, and specially of heresie and rebellion against the Church and the chee••e pastors therof.

19. Loose.) To loose, is as the cause and the offenders case requireth, to loose them of any the former bandes, and to restore them to the Churches Sacraments and Communion of the faithful and execution of their function, to pardon also either al or part of the penances enioyned, or what debtes so euer man oweth to God or the Church for the satisfaction of his sinnes for∣geuen. Which kind of releasing or loosing is called Indulgence: finally this whatsoeuer, excepteth nothing that is punishable or pardonable by Christ in earth, for he hath committed his power to Peter. And so the validitie of Peters sentence in binding or loosing whatsoeuer, shal by Christes promis be ratified in heauen. Leo Ser. de Transfig. & Ser. 2. in anniuers-assumpt. ad Pontif. Hilar. can. 16. in Matth. Epiph. in Ancherato prepe initium. If now any temporal power can shew their warrant out of scripture for such soueraine power, as is here geuen to Peter and consequently to his suc∣cessors, by these wordes, whatsoeuer thou shal binde, and by the very keies, wherby greatest souerain∣tie is signified in Gods Church as in his familie and houshold,* 1.41 and therfore principally attributed and geuen to Christ * who in the scripture is said to haue the key of Dauid, but here cōmunicated also vnto Peter,* 1.42 as the name of Rocke: if I say any temporal potestate can shew authoritie for the like soueraintie, let them chalenge hardly to be head not only of one particular, but of the whole vniuersal Church.

27. Workes.) He saith not,* 1.43 to geue euery man according to his mercie (or their faith) but ac∣cording to their workes. August. de verb. Apost. Ser. 35. And againe, How should our Sauiour re∣ward euery one according to their workes,* 1.44 if there were no free wil? August. lib. 2. cap. 4. 5. 8. de act. cum Foelic. Manich.

Notes

• * 1.1

  Mar. 8, 12.
• * 1.2

  Luc. 12, 54.
• * 1.3

  Mat. 12, 39.
• * 1.4

  Mar. 8, 14.
• * 1.5

  Lu. 12, 1.
• * 1.6

  Mat. 14, 17. 15, 34.
• * 1.7

  The Gospel vpō SS. Peter and Paules day Iun. 29. And in Ca∣thedra Petri Ro∣ma, Ian. 18. & Antiochia Febr. 22. And Petri ad vincula Aug. 1. And on the day of the creation and coronation of the Pope, and on the Anniuer∣sarie thereof.
• * 1.8

  Mar. 8, 27.
• * 1.9

  Luc. 9, 18.
• * 1.10

  Io. 1, 42.
• ∷ 1.11

  That is, a Rocke.
• * 1.12

  Io. 21, 15.
• ∷ 1.13

  This word in Hebrew signi∣fieth an aduersa∣rie, as 3 Reg. 5, 4. and so it is ta∣ken here.
• * 1.14

  THE GOSPEL for a Martyr that is a bishop.
• * 1.15

  Mar. 9, 1
• * 1.16

  Luc. 9, 27.
• * 1.17

  OF PETERS PRIMACIE.
• * 1.18

  Hilar. can. 6 in. Mat. & li. 6. de Trinit.
• * 1.19

  Chrys. ho. 55 in Mat.
• * 1.20

  Basil. li. 1 adu. Eu∣nom.
• * 1.21

  PETER.
• * 1.22

  Cyril. li. •• c. 12 Com. in Io.
• * 1.23

  Hilar. in hunc lo••ū.
• * 1.24

  Basil. li. de poenit.
• * 1.25

  2 Mt. 5. 14.
• * 1.26

  3 Luc. 22. 19.
• * 1.27

  Thou art Ce∣phah, and vpon this Cephah.
• * 1.28

  rocke.
• * 1.29

  Aug. li. 1 retr. c. 21. 〈…〉〈…〉 in Ps. 69. de verb.
• * 1.30

  Do. sec. Io. ser. 49. ser. 15. 16. 26. 29 de San∣ctis. An∣not. in Iob c. 30.
• * 1.31

  Theodor. li. 5 haer. Fabul. c. de. poenit.
• * 1.32

  Hiero. ep. 7, to. 2.
• * 1.33

  Psal. cont. part. Do∣nat. to. 7. Leo ep. 89.
• * 1.34

  Psal. cont. part. Do∣nati.
• * 1.35

  De vtil. ••••ed. c. 17.
• * 1.36

  Cyp. epist. 73.
• * 1.37

  Greg. li. 4. ep. ••2. ind. 11.
• * 1.38

  The dignities of the keies.
• * 1.39

  Apoc. 1.
• * 1.40

  Esa. ••2, 22
• * 1.41

  Esa. 22.
• * 1.42

  Apoc. ••.
• * 1.43

  Good workes.
• * 1.44

  Freewill.