The Nevv Testament of Iesus Christ, translated faithfully into English, out of the authentical Latin, according to the best corrected copies of the same, diligently conferred vvith the Greeke and other editions in diuers languages; vvith arguments of bookes and chapters, annotations, and other necessarie helpes, for the better vnderstanding of the text, and specially for the discouerie of the corruptions of diuers late translations, and for cleering the controversies in religion, of these daies: in the English College of Rhemes

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The Nevv Testament of Iesus Christ, translated faithfully into English, out of the authentical Latin, according to the best corrected copies of the same, diligently conferred vvith the Greeke and other editions in diuers languages; vvith arguments of bookes and chapters, annotations, and other necessarie helpes, for the better vnderstanding of the text, and specially for the discouerie of the corruptions of diuers late translations, and for cleering the controversies in religion, of these daies: in the English College of Rhemes
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"The Nevv Testament of Iesus Christ, translated faithfully into English, out of the authentical Latin, according to the best corrected copies of the same, diligently conferred vvith the Greeke and other editions in diuers languages; vvith arguments of bookes and chapters, annotations, and other necessarie helpes, for the better vnderstanding of the text, and specially for the discouerie of the corruptions of diuers late translations, and for cleering the controversies in religion, of these daies: in the English College of Rhemes." In the digital collection Early English Books Online. https://name.umdl.umich.edu/A16049.0001.001. University of Michigan Library Digital Collections. Accessed June 17, 2024.

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Page 553

THE SECOND EPISTLE OF PAVL TO THE THESSALONIANS. (Book 2 Thessalonians)

CHAP. I.

He thanketh God for their increase in faith and charitie, and constancie in persecution (assuring them that they merite thereby the kingdom of God, as their persecutors do damnation:) 11 and also praieth for their accomplishment.

[verse 1] PAVL and Siluanus and Timothee: to the churche of the Thessalonians in God our Father and our Lord IE∣SVS Christ. ✝ [leftJustify 2] Grace to you and peace from God our Father and our Lord IESVS Christ.

[leftJustify 3] Vve ought to giue thankes al∣vvaies to God for you brethren, so as meete is, because your faith in∣creaseth excedingly, and the charitie of euery one of you aboundeth tovvards eche other: ✝ [leftJustify 4] so that vve our selues also glorie in you in the churches of God, for your patience, and faith in al your persecutions and tribulations, vvhich you sustaine ✝ [leftJustify 5] for an example of the iust iudgemēt of God, that∷ 1.1 you may bec 1.2 counted vvorthie of the kingdom of God, for the vvhich also you suffer. ✝ [leftJustify 6] if yet it be iust vvith God to repay tribulation, to them that vexe you: ✝ [leftJustify 7] and to you that are vexed, rest with vs in the reuelation of our Lord IESVS from heauen vvith the Angels of his povver,* 1.3 [leftJustify 8] in flame of fire, giuing reuenge to them that knovv not God, & that obey not the Gospel of our Lord IESVS Christ. ✝ [leftJustify 9] vvho shal suffer eternal paines in destruction, from the face of our Lord and from the glorie of his povver: ✝ [leftJustify 10] vvhen he shal come to be∷ 1.4 glorified in his sainctes, and to be made mar∣uelous in al them that haue beleeued, because our testimonie

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concerning you vvas credited in that day. ✝ [rightJustify 11] Vvherein also vve pray alvvaies for you, that our Godc 1.5 make you vvorthie of his vocation, and accomplish al the good pleasure of his goodnesse & the vvorke of faith in povver, ✝ [rightJustify 12] that the name of our Lord IESVS Christ may be glorified in you, and you in him, according to the grace of our God, and of our Lord IESVS Christ.

CHAP. II.

He requireth them, in no case to thinke that Domesday is at hand, repeating vnto them, that there must before come first a reuolt, secondly the reuelation also of Antichrist him self in person, and that Antichrist shal not permit any God to be vvorshipped but onely him self: that also vvith his lying vvonders he shal vvinne to him the incredulous Ievves. But Christ shal come then immediatly in maiestie, and destroy him and his. 13 Therfore he thanketh God for the faith of the Thessalonians, 15 and biddeth them sticke to hi Traditions both vvritten and vnvvritten, & praieth God to cōfirme them.

[verse 1] AND vve desire you,* 1.6 brethren, by the cō∣ming of our Lord IESVS Christ, and of our congregatiō into him: ✝ [rightJustify 2] that you be not easily moued from your sense, nor be terrified, neither by spirit, nor by word, nor by epistle as sent by vs, ″ as though the day of our Lord vvere at hand. ✝ [rightJustify 3] Let no man seduce you by any meanes, for ″ vnlesse there come c 1.7 a reuolt first, and ″ the man of sinne be reuealed, the sonne of perdition, ✝ [rightJustify 4] vvhich is an aduersarie & is ″ extolled,∷ 1.8 aboue al that is called God, or that is worshipped, so that he sitteth ″ in the temple of God, shevving him self as though he were God. ✝ [rightJustify 5] Remember you not, that vvhen I vvas yet vvith you, I told you these things? ✝ [rightJustify 6] And now ″ vvhat letteth, you knovv: that he may be reuealed in his time. ( ✝ [rightJustify 7] For novv the mysterie of iniquitie vvorketh: only that he vvhich novv holdeth, doe hold, vntil he be taken out of the vvay.) ✝ [rightJustify 8] And then that vvicked one shal be reuealed * vvhom our Lord IESVS shal kil vvith the spirit of his mouth:* 1.9 & shal destroy vvith the manifestation of his aduent, him, ✝ [rightJustify 9] vvhose com∣ming is according to the operatiō of Satan, ″ in al povver, and lying signes and vvonders, ✝ [rightJustify 10] and in al seducing of iniquitie to them that perish, for that they haue not receiued the cha∣ritie of the truth that they might be saued. ✝ [rightJustify 11] Therfore ∷ 1.10 God vvil send them the operation of errour, to beleeue

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lying: ✝ [leftJustify 12] that al may be iudged vvhich haue not beleeued the truth, but haue consented to iniquitie.

[leftJustify 13] But vve ought to giue thākes to God alvvaies for you, brethrē beloued of God, that he hath chosen you first-fruites vnto saluation, in sanctification of spirit and faith of the truth: ✝ [leftJustify 14] into the vvhich also he hath called you by our Gos∣pel, vnto the purchasing of the glorie of our Lord IESVS Christ. ✝ [leftJustify 15] Therfore brethren stand: and holdc 1.11 the ″ traditiōs vvhich you haue learned, vvhether it be by vvord, or by our epistle. ✝ [leftJustify 16] And our Lord IESVS Christ him self, and God & our father vvhich hath loued vs, and hath giuen eternal con∣solation, and good hope in grace, ✝ [leftJustify 17] c 1.12c 1.13 exhort your hartes, and confirme you in euery good vvorke and vvorde.

ANNOTATIONS CHAP. II.

. A though the day.]* 1.14 The curiositie of man fed by Satans deceites, hath sought to knovv and to giue out to the vvorld, such things as God vvil not impart to him, nor be necessarie or pro∣fitable for him to knovv: so farre, that both in the Apostles daies and often aftervvard, some haue feined reuelations, some falsely gathered out of the Scriptures, some presumed to calculate and coniecte by the starres, and giuen furth to the vvorld a certaine time of Christes coming to iudge∣ment. Al vvhich seducers be here noted in the person of some that vvere about to deceiue the Thessalonians therein. And S. Augustine (in his 80 Epistle ad Hesychium) proueth that no man can be assured by the Scriptures of the day, yere, or age, that the end of the vvorld or the second Aduent shal be.

. Vnles there come a reuolt first.] Though vve can not be assured of the moment, houre, or any certaine time of our Lordes cōming,* 1.15 yet he vvarranteth vs that it vvil not be before certaine things be fulfilled, vvhich must come to passe by the course of Gods prouidence and permission before, vvhich are diuers, vvhereof in other places of Scriptures vve be forevvarned. Here he vvarneth vs of tvvo specially, of a reuolt, defection or an apostasie, and of the comming or reuelation of Anti∣christ. Vvhich tvvo pertaine in effect both to one, either depending of the other, and shal fall (as it may be thought) neere together, and therfore S Augustine maketh them but one thing.

This apostasie or reuolt, by the iudgement in maner of al auncient vvriters, is the general for∣saking & fall of the Romane empire. So Tertullian li. de resur, carnis. S. Hierom q 11 ad Algasiam. S. Chrysostom ho. 4. and S. Ambrose vpon this place, S. Augustine De Ciuit. Dei li. 20 c. 19. Al vvhich fathers and the rest * Caluin presumpkously condemneth of errour and follie herein,* 1.16 for that their exposition agreeth not vvith his and his fellovves blasphemous fiction that the Pope should be Antichrist.* 1.17 To establish vvhich false impietie, they interprete this reuolt or apostasie to be a general reuolt of the visible Church from God, vvhose house or building (they say) vvas sodenly destroied, and lay many yeres ruined, and ruled onely by Satan and Antichrist. So faith the foresaid Arch-heretike here, though for the aduantage of his defence and as the matter els vvhere requireth, he seemeth (as al their fashion is) to speake in other places quite contrarie: but vvith such colour and collusion of vvordes, that neither other men nor him self can tell vvhat he vvould haue or say. And his fathers Vvicleffe and Luther, his fellovves and folovvers Illyricus, Beza, and the rest, are (for the time of the Churches falling from Christ) so various among them selues, and so contrarie to him, that it is horrible to see their confusion, and a pitieful case that any reasonable man vvil folovv such companions to euident perdition.

But concerning his errour and falshod of the Churches defection or reuolt,* 1.18 it is refuted suffi∣iently by S. Augustine against the Donatistes in many places. Vvhere he proueth that the Church shal not faile to the vvorldes end, no not in the time of Antichrist: affirming them to deny Christ, and to robbe him of his glorie & inheritance bought vvith his bloud, vvhich teach that the Church may faile or perish. Li. de vnit. Ec. c. 12. 13. De Ciuit. li. 20. c. 8. In Psal. 85 ad illud, Tu sou Deus

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magnus. ps. 70 Conc. 2. & Psal. 60. De vtil. cred. c. 8. S. Hierom refuteth the same vvicked Heresie in the* 1.19 Luciferians, prouing against them, that they make God subiect to the Diuel, and a poore mise∣rable Christ, that imagine the Church his body may either perish or be driuen to any corner of the vvorld. both of them ansvver to the Heretikes arguments grounded on Scriptures falsely vnder∣stood, vvhich vvere to long here to rehearse. It is ynough for the Christian reader to knovv, that it is an old deceite and excuse of al Heretikes and Schismatikes, for defence of their forsaking Gods Church, that the Church is perished, or remaineth hidden, or in them selues onely and in those places vvhere they and their folovvers dvvel: to knovv also, that this is reproued by the holy Do∣ctors of the primitiue Church, and that it is against Christes honour, povver, prouidence, and promis.

If the Aduersaries had said that this reuolt vvhich the Apostle foretelleth shal come before the vvorldes end,* 1.20 is meant of great numbers of Heretikes & Apostataes reuolting from the Church, they had said truth of them selues and such others,* 1.21 vvhom S. Iohn calleth Antichristes. And it is very like (be it spoken vnder the correction of Gods Church and al learned Catholikes) that this great defection or reuolt shal not be onely from the Romane empire, but specially from the Ro∣mane Church, and vvithal from most points of Christian religion. not that the Catholike Chri∣stians, either in the time of Antichrist or before, shal refuse to obey the same, but for that neere to the time of Antichrist and the consummation of the vvorld, there is like to be a great reuolt of kingdoms, peoples, and Prouinces from the open external obedience and communion thereof. Vvhich reuolt hauing been begunne and continued by Heretikes of diuers ages, resisting & hating the Seate of Peter (vvhich they called cathedram pestilentia,* 1.22 the chaire of pestilence, * in S. Augustines daies) because it is Christes fort erected against Hel gates and al Heretikes, and being novv vvon∣derfully increased by these of our daies the next precursors of Antichrist as it may seeme, shal be fully atchieued a litle before the end of the vvorld by Antichrist him self, though euen then also, vvhen for the fevv daies of Antichristes reigne the external state of the Romane Church and pu∣blike entercourse of the faithful vvith the same may cease, yet the due honour and obedience of the Christians tovvard it, and communion in hart vvith it, and practise thereof in secrete, and open confessing thereof if occasion require, shal not cease, no more then it doth novv in the Christians of Cypres and other places vvhere open entercourse is forbidden.

This is certaine and vvonderful in al vvise mens eies,* 1.23 and must needes be of Gods prouidence, & a singular prerogatiue, that this Seate of Peter standeth, vvhen al other Apostolike Sees be gone: that it stood there for certaine ages together vvith the secular seate of the Empire: that the Popes stood vvithout vvealth, povver, or humane defense, the Emperours knovving, vvitting, and seeking to destroy them, and putting to the svvord aboue thirtie of them one after an other, yea and being as much afraid of them as if they had been amuli imperij, Competitors of their Empire, as S. Cyprian noteth (epist. 52 ad Antonianum. num. 3) of S. Cornelius Pope in his daies, and Decius then Emperour: againe, that the Emperours aftervvard yelded vp the citie vnto them, continuing for al that in the Emperial dignitie still: that the successors of those that persecuted them, laid dovvne their crovvnes before their Seate and sepulcres, honouring the very memories and Relikes of the poore men vvhom their predecessors killed: that novv vvel neere these 1600 yeres this Seat standeth, as at the beginning in continual miserie, so novv of long time for the most part in pros∣peritie, vvithout al mutation in effect, as no other kingdom or State in the vvorld hath done, euery one of them in the said space being manifoldly altered. It standeth (vve say) al this vvhile (to vse S. Augustines vvordes de vtil. cred. c. 17.) Frustra circumlatrantibus haereticis, the Heretikes in vaine barking about it, not the first Heathen Emperours, not the Gothes and Vandals, not the Turke, not any sackes or massakers by Alaricus, Gensericus, Attila, Borbon, and others, not the emulation of secular Princes, vvere they kings or Emperours, not the Popes ovvne diuisions among them selues and manifold difficulties and dangers in their elections, not the great vices vvhich haue been noted in some of their persons, no al these nor any other endeuour or scādal could yet preuaile against the See of Rome, nor is euer like to preuaile til the end of the vvorld dravv neere, at vvhich time this reuolt (here spoken of by the Apostle) may be in such sort as is said before, and more shal be said in the Annotations next folovving.

. The man of sinne.]* 1.24 There vvere many euen in the Apostles time (as vve see by the 4 Chapter of S. Iohns first epistle and in the vvritings of the aūcient fathers) that vvere forerunners of Anti∣christ, and for impugning Christes truth and Church vvere called antichristes, vvhether they did it by force and open persecution, as Nero and others either Heathen or Heretical Emperours did, or by false teaching and other deceites, as the Heretikes of al ages, in vvhich common and vulgar ac∣ception S. Hierom saith, al belonged to Antichrist that vvere not of the communion of Damasus then Pope of Rome.* 1.25 Hiero. ep. 57 ad Damas. and in an other place, al that haue nevv names after the peculiar calling of Heretikes, as Arians, Donatistes (and as vve say novv, Caluinistes, Zuin∣glians, &c.) al such (saith he) be Antichristes. Dial. cont. Lucifer. c. 9. Yea these later of our time much more then any of the former, for diuers causes vvhich shal aftervvard be set dovvne. Neuer∣thelesse they nor none of them are that great Aduersarie, enemie, and impugner of Christ, vvhich is by a peculiar distinction and special signification named, the Antichrist, 1 Io. 2. and the man of sinne.

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the sonne of perdition,* 1.26 the Aduersarie, described here & els vvhere, to oppose him self directly against God & our Lord IESVS CHRIST.* 1.27 The Heathen Emperours vvere many, Turkes be many, Here∣tikes haue been and novv are many, therfore they can not be that one great Antichrist vvhich here is spoken of, and vvhich by the article alvvaies added in the Greeke, is signified to be one special and singular man:* 1.28 as his peculiar & direct opposition to Christs person in the 5 chapter of S. Iohns Gospel v. 43: the insinuation of the particular stocke and tribe vvhereof he should be borne, to wit, of the Ievves (for of them he shal be receiued as their Massias Io. 5. v. 43.) and of the tribe of Dan.* 1.29 Ire. li. 5. Hieron. com. in c. 11 Dan. August. q. in Ios. q. 22:* 1.30 the note of his proper name Apoc. 13: the time of his appearing so neere the vvorldes end: his short reigne, his singular vvast and destruction of Gods honour and al religion, his feined miracles, the figures of him in the Pro∣phets and Scriptures of the nevv & old Testament: al these & many other arguments proue him to be but one special notorious Aduersarie in the highest degree, vnto vvhom al other persecutors, Heretikes, Atheistes, and vvicked enemies of Christ and his Church, are but members and seruants.

And this is the most common sentence also of al aūcient fathers. Onely Heretikes make no doubt but Antichrist is a vvhole order or succession of men. vvhich they hold against the former euident Scriptures and reasons, onely to establish their folish and vvicked paradoxe, that Christes cheefe Minister is Antichrist,* 1.31 yea the vvhole order. Vvherein Beza specially pricketh so high, that he maketh Antichrist (euen this great Antichrist) to haue been in S. Paules daies,* 1.32 though he vvas not open to the vvorld. Vvho it should be (except he meane S. Peter, because he vvas the first of the order of Popes) God knovveth. And sure it is, except he vvere Antichrist, neither the vvhole or∣der, nor any of the order can be Antichrist, being al his lavvful successors both in dignitie and also in truth of Christes religion. Neither can al the Heretikes aliue proue that they or any of them vsed any other regiment or iurisdiction Ecclesiastical in the Church, or forced the people to any other faith or vvorship of God, then Peter him self did preach and plant. Therfore if the rest be Anti∣christ, let Beza boldly say that S. Peter vvas so also, and that diuers of the aūcient Catholike fa∣thers did serue and vvorke (though vnvvares) tovvardes the setting vp of the great Antichrist, for so doth that blasphemous penne boldly vvrite in his Annotations vpon this place:* 1.33 and an English printed booke of late comming forth out of the same schoole,* 1.34 hath these vvordes: As for Leo and Gregorie Bishops of Rome, although they vvere not come to the ful pride of Antichrist, yet the mysterie of iniquitie hauing vvrought in that Seate neere fiue or sixe hundred yeres before them, and then greatly increa∣sed, they vvere deceiued vvith the long continuance of errour. Thus vvriteth a malapert scholer of that impudent schole, placing the mysterie of Antichrist as vvorking in the See of Rome euen in S. Peters time, and making these tvvo holy fathers great vvorkers and furtherers of the same. vvhereas an other English Rabbine doubted not at Paules crosse to speake of the self same fathers as great Doctors and Patrones of their nevv Gospel,* 1.35 thus: O Gregorie, ô Leo, if vve be deceiued, you haue deceiued vs. Vvhereof vve giue the good Christian Reader vvarning more diligently, to bevvare of such damnable bookes and Maisters,* 1.36 carying many vnaduised people to perdition.

4. Extolled.] The great Antichrist vvhich must come neere the vvorldes end, shal abolish the publike exercise of al other religions true and false, and pull dovvne both the B. Sacrament of the altar, vvherein cōsisteth specially the vvorship of the true God, and also al Idols of the Gentils, and sacrifices of the Ievves, generally al kinde of religious vvorship, sauing that vvhich must be done to him self alone▪ vvhich vvas partly prefigured in such kings as published that no God nor man but them selues should be praied vnto for certaine daies,* 1.37 as * Darîus and such like. Hovv can the Protestants then for shame and vvithout euident cōtradiction, auouch the Pope to be Antichrist, vvho (as vve say) honoureth Christ the true God vvithal his povver, or (as they say) honoureth Idols, and chalengeth no diuine honour to him self, much lesse to him self onely, as Antichrist shal do? He hūbly praieth to God, & lovvly kneeeth dovvne in euery Church at diuers altars erected to God in the memories of his Saincts, and praieth to them. He saieth or heareth Masse daily vvith al deuotion, he confesseth his sinnes to a Priest as other poore men do, he adoreth the holy Eucharist vvhich Christ affirmed to be his ovvne body, the Heretikes call it an Idol (no maruel if they make the Pope his Vicar Antichrist, vvhen they make Christ him self an Idol:) These religious dueties doth the Pope, vvhereas Antichrist shal vvorship none, nor pray to any, at the least openly.

4. In the temple.]* 1.38 Most auncient vvriters expound this of the Temple in Hierusalem, vvhich they thinke Antichrist shal build vp againe, as being of the Ievves stocke, and to be acknovvledged of that obstinate people (according to our Sauiours prophecie Io. 5) for their expected and pro∣mised Messias. Iren. li. 5 in fine. Hyppolyt. de consum. mundi. Cyril. Hieros. Cacech. 15. Author op. imp. ho. 49. in Mat. See S. Hierom in 11 Dan. Grego. li. 31. Moral. c. 11. Not that he shal suffer them to vvorship God by their old maner of sacrifices, (al vvhich he vvil either abolish, or conuert to the onely adoration of him self: though at the first to apply him self to the Ievves, he may perhaps be circumcised and keepe some part of the law) for it is here said that he shal sitte in the Temple as God,* 1.39 that is, he shal be adored there by sacrifice and diuine honour, the name and vvorship of the true God wholy defaced.* 1.40 And this they thinke to be the abominatiō of desolation foretold by Daniel, mentioned by our Sauiour,* 1.41 prefigured and resembled by Antiochus and others, that defaced the

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worship of the true God by prophanation of that Temple,* 1.42 specially by abrogating the daily sacri∣fice, which was a figure of the only sacrifice and continual oblation of Christes holy body and bloud in the Church, as the abolishing of that, vvas a figure of the abolishing of this, vvhich shal be done principally & most vniuersally by Antichrist him self (as novv in part by his forerunners) through out al Nations and Churches of the vvorld (though then also Masse may be had in secret, as it is novv in nations vvhere the secular force of some Princes prohibiteth it to be said openly.) For although he may haue his principal seate and honour in the Temple and citie of Hierusalem, yet he shal rule ouer the vvhole vvorld, and specially prohibite that principal vvorship instituted by Christ in his Sacraments, as being the proper Aduersarie of Christes person, name, lavv, and Church, the prophanation and desolation of vvhich Church by taking avvay the sacrifice of the altar, is the proper abomination of desolation, and the vvorke of Antichrist onely.

S. Augustine therfore li. 20 de ciuit. c. 19. and S. Hierom q. 11 ad Algasiam. do thinke, that this sitting of Antichrist in the temple, doth signifie his sitting in the Church of Christ, rather then in Salomons temple.* 1.43 Not as though he should be a cheefe member of the Church of Christ, or a special part of his body mystical, and be Antichrist and yet vvithal continuing vvithin the Church of Christ, as the Heretikes feine, to make the Pope Antichrist (vvhereby they plainely confesse and agnise that the Pope is a member of the Church,* 1.44 &c. in ipso sinu Ecclesiae, and in the very bosome of the Church,* 1.45 say they;) for that is ridiculous, that al Heretikes vvhom S. Iohn calleth Anti∣christes as his precursors, should go out of the Church, and the great Antichrist him self should be of the Church, & in the Church, & cōtinevv in the same, and yet to them that make the vvhole Church to reuolt from God, this is no absurditie. But the truth is, that this Antichristian reuolt here spoken of, is from the Catholike Church: and Antichrist, if he euer vvere of or in the Church, shal be an Apostata and a renegate out of the Church, and shal vsurpe vpon it by tyrannie, and by chalenging vvorship, religion, & gouernement thereof, so that him self shal be adored in al the Churches of the vvorld vvhich he list to leaue standing for his honour. And this is to sitte in the temple o* 1.46 against the Temple of God, as some interprete. If any Pope did euer this, or shal do, then let the Aduersaries call him Antichrist.

And let the good Reader obserue,* 1.47 that there be tvvo special causes vvhy this great man of sinne is called Antichrist. The one is, for impugning Christes kingdom in earth, that is to say, his spi∣ritual regiment vvhich he constituted and appointed in his Church, and the forme of gouernement ordained therein, applying al to him self by singular tyrannie and vsurpation, in vvhich kinde S. Athanasius (ep. at Solit. vit. degentes.) is bold to call the Emperour Constantius being an Arian Heretike, Antichrist, for making him self Principem Episcoporum, Prince ouer the Bishops and Presi∣dent of Ecclesiastical iudgements &c. The other cause is, for impugning Christes Priesthod, vvhich is only or most properly exercised in earth by the sacrifice of the holy Masse, instituted for the com∣memoration of his death, & for the external exhibition of godly honour to the B. Trinitie, vvhich kinde of external vvorship by sacrifice no lavvful people of God euer lacked.* 1.48 And by these tvvo things you may easily perceiue, that the Heretikes of these daies do more properly and neerely prepare the vvay to Antichrist and to extreme desolation, then euer any before, their special he∣resie being against the spiritual Primacie of Popes and Bishops, and against the sacrifice of the altar, in vvhich tvvo the soueraintie of Christ in earth consisteth.

6. What letteth.]* 1.49 S. Augustine (li. 20 c. 19 de ciuit del.) professeth plainely that he vnderstan∣deth not these vvordes, not that that folovveth of the mysterie of iniquitie, and least of al that vvhich the Apostle addeth, Only that he vvhich holdeth novv, do hold &c. Vvhich may humble vs al and stay the confident rashnes of this time, namely of Heretikes, that boldly feine hereof vvhat∣soeuer is agreable to their heresie and phantasie. The Apostle had told the Thessalonians before by vvord of mouth a secret point vvhich he vvould not vtter in vvritting, and therfore referreth them to his former talke.* 1.50 The mysterie of iniquitie is cōmonly referred to Heretikes, vvho vvorke to the same, and do that that Antichrist shal do, but yet not openly, but in couert and vnder the cloke of Christes name, the Scriptures, the vvord of the Lord, shevv of holines, &c. Vvhereas Antichrist him self shal openly attempt and atchieue the foresaid desolation, and Satan novv ser∣uing his turne by Heretikes vnderhand, shal tovvard the last end vtter, reueale, & bring him forth openly▪ and that is here, to be reuealed, that is, to appeare in his ovvne person.

These other vvordes, Only that he vvhich novv holdeth, hold: Some expound of the Em∣perour, during vvhose continuance in his state, God shal not permit Antichrist to come, meaning that the very Empire shal be vvholy desolate, destroied, and taken avvay before or by his com∣ming: vvhich is more then a defection from the same, vvhereof vvas spoken before: for there shal be a reuolt from the Church also, but it shal not be vtterly destroied. Others say, that it is an admonition to al faithful, to hold fast their faith and not to be beguiled by such as vnder the name of Christ or Scriptures seeke to deceiue them, til they that novv pretend religion and the Gospel, end in a plaine breach, reuolt, and open apostasie by the appearance of Antichrist, vvhom al Here∣tikes serue in mysterie, that is, couertly and in the Diuels meaning, though the vvorld seeth it not, nor them selues at the beginning thought it, as novv euery day more & more al men perceiue they tend to plaine Atheisme and Antichristianisme.

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9. In al povver.]* 1.51 Satan vvhose povver to him is abridged by Christ, shal then e let loose, and shal assist Antichrist in al maner of signes, vvonders, and false miracles, vvhereby many shal be seduced, not only Ievves: But al such as be deceiued and caried avvay by vulgar speache only, of Heretikes that can vvorke no miracles, much more shal folovv this man of sinne doing so great vvonders. And such both novv do solovv Heretikes, and then shal receiue Antichrist, that deserue so to be forsaken of God, by their forsaking of the vnitie and happie fellovvship of Saincts in the Catholike Church, vvhere onely is the Charitie of truth, as the Apostle here speaketh.

15. Traditions.] Not onely the things vvritten and set dovvne in the holy Scriptures, but al other truthes and pointes of religion vttered by vvord of mouth and deliuered or giuen by the Apostles* 1.52 to their scholers by tradition, be so here approued and els vvhere in the Scripture it self, that the Heretikes purposely guilfully,* 1.53 and of il cōscience (that belike reprehendeth them) refraine in their translations, from the Ecclesiastical and most vsual vvord, Tradition, euer-more vvhen it is taken in good part, though it expresse most exactly the signification of the Greeke vvord: but vvhen it soundeth in their fond phantasie against the traditions of the Church (as in deede in true sense it neuer doth) there they vse it most gladly.* 1.54 Here therfore and* 1.55 in the like places, that the reader might not so easily like of Traditions vnvvritten, here commended by the Apostle, they translate it, Instructions, Constitutions, Ordinances, and vvhat they can inuent els, to hide the truth from the simple or vnvvarie Reader, vvhose translations haue no other end but to beguile such by art and conueiance.

But S. Chrysostom (ho. 4 in 1 Thes 2.)* 1.56 and the other greeke scholies or commentaries say herevpon, both vvritten and vnvvritten precepts the Apostles gaue by tradition, and both be vvorthy of obseruation. S. Basil (De Sp. Sancto c. 29 in principio.) thus, I account it Apostolike to continevv famely euen in vnvvritten traditions. and to proue this, he alleageth this place of S. Paul. In the same booke c. 17 he saieth, If vve once go about to reiect vnvvritten cus∣toms as things of no importance, vve shal, are vve be avvare, doe damage to the principal partes of the faith, and bring the preaching of the Gospel to a naked name. And for example of these necessarie tradi∣tions,* 1.57 he nameth the signe of the Crosse, praying tovvards the east, the vvords spoken at the eleuatiō of sheavving of the holy Eucharist, vvith diuerse cerimonies vsed before & after the consecration, the halovving of the sont, the blessing of the oile, the anointing of the baptized vvith the same,* 1.58 the three immersions into the font, the vvordes of abrenuntiatiō and exorcismes of the partie that is to be baptised &c. Vvhat scripture (saith he) taught these and such like? none truly, al comming of secret and silent tradition, vvherevvith our fathers thought it meete to couer such mysteries.

S. Hierom (Dialog. cont. Lucif. c. 4. et. ep. 28 ad Liiniū.)* 1.59 reckeneth vp diuers the like tra∣ditiōs,* 1.60 vvilling men to attribute to the Apostles such customs as the Church hath receiued in diuers christian countries. S. Augustine esteemeth the Apostolike traditions so much, that he plainely affirmeth in sundrie places, not onely the obseruation of certaine festiui∣ties, fastes, ceremonies, & whatsoeuer other solemnities vsed in the Catholike Church, to be holy, profitable, and Apostolike, though they be notvvritten at al in the scriptures: but he often also vvriteth, that many of the articles of our religion and pointes of high∣est importance, are not so much to be proued by scriptures, as by tradition▪ namely auou∣ching that in no vvise vve could beleeue that children in their infancie should be bapti∣zed, if it vvere not an Apostolical tradition. De Gen. ad lit. li. 10 c. 23. Tradition caused him to be∣leeue that the baptized of heretikes should not be rebaptized, notvvithstanding S. Cy∣prians authoritie and the manifold scriptures alleaged by him, though they seemed neuer so pregnant. De bap. li. 2. c. 7. By tradition onely, he and others condemned Heluidius the heretike for denying the perpetual virginitie of our Lady. And vvithout this, be the Scriptures neuer so plaine,* 1.61 no Arian, no Macedonian, no Eutychian, no Pelagian, no Zuinglian vvil yeld. We must vse tradition, (saith S. Epiphanius har. 61 Apostolicorum.) For the Scripture hath not al things: and therfore the Apostles deliuered certaine things in vvriting, certaine by tradition. and for that he alleageth this place also of S. Paul. And againe haer. 55. Melchised There be boundes set dovvne for the foundation and building vp of our faith, the tradition of the Apostles, and holy Scriptures, and succession of doctrine, so that truth is euery vvay insed.

S. Irenaeus (li. 3. c. 4.)* 1.62 hath one notable chapter, that in al questions vve must haue recourse to the traditions of the Apostles: teaching vs vvithal, that the vvay to trie an Apostolical tradition and to bring it to the fountaine, is by the Apostolike succession of Bishops, but specially of the Apostolike See of Rome: declaring in the same place that there be many barbarous people, simple for learning, but for constancie in their faith most vvise,* 1.63 vvhich neuer had Scriptures, but learned onely by tradition. Tertullian. (li. de corona militis. nu. .) reckeneth vp a great number of Christian obseruations or customs (as S. Cyprian in many places doth in maner the same) vvhereof in fine he concludeth,* 1.64 Of such and such if thou require the rule of Scriptures, thou shalt finde none. Tradition shal be alleaged the author, custom the confirmer, and faith the obseruer.* 1.65 Origen also of this matter vvriteth in plaine termes,

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that there be many thinges done in the Church (vvhich he there nameth) vvhereof there is no easier reason to be giuen then tradition from Christ and the Apostles. ho. 5. in Numer. S. Dionysius Areopagita referreth the praying and oblation for the dead in the Liturgie or Masse, to an Apostolical tradition. in fine E. Hierarch. c. 7. parte 3. So doth Tertullian De coron. militit. S. Augustine De ura pro mortuis c. 1. S. Chrysostom ho. 3. in ep. ad Philip. in Moral. S. Damascene Sr. de defunctis in initio.

Vve might adde to al this,* 1.66 that the Scriptures them selues, euen al the bookes and partes of the holy Bible, be giuen vs by tradition: els vve should not nor could not take them (as they be in deede) for the infallible vvord of God, no more then the vvorkes of S. Ignatius, S. Clement, S. Denys, and the like. The true sense also of the Scriptures (vvhich Catholikes haue & heretikes haue not) remaineth stil in the Church by traditi∣on. The Crede is an Apostolike traditiō.* 1.67 Ruffin. in expo. Symb. in principio. Hiero. ep. 61. c. 9. Ambros. Ser. 38. Aug. de Symb. ad Catechum. li. 3. c. 1. And vvhat Scriptures haue they to proue that vve must accept nothing not expresly vvritten in Scriptures? Vve haue to the con∣trarie, plaine Scriptures, al the fathers, most euident reasons, that vve must either beleeue traditions or nothing at al. And they must be asked vvhether, if they vvere assured that such and such things (vvhich be not expressed in Scriptures) vvere taught and deliuered by vvord of mouth from the Apostles,* 1.68 they vvould beleeue them or no? If they say no, then they be impious that vvil not trust the Apostles preaching: if they say they vvould, if they vvere assured that the Apostles taught it: then to proue vnto them this point, vve bring them such as liued in the Apostles daies, and the testimonies of so many fathers be∣fore named neere to those daies, and the vvhole Churches practise and asseueratiō descen∣ding dovvne from man to man to our time▪ vvhich is a sufficient proofe (at least for a matter of fact) in al reasonable mens iudgement. specially vvhen it is knovven that S. Ignatius the Apostles equal in time, vvrote a booke of the Apostles traditions, as Euse∣bius vvitnesseth li. 3. Ec. hist. c. 30. And Tertullians booke of prescriptiō against Heretikes, is to no other effect but to proue that the Church hath this vantage aboue Heretikes, that she can proue her truth by plaine Apostolike tradition, as none of them can euer do.

CHAP. III.

He desireth their praiers, 4 and inculcateth his precepts and traditions, namely of vvorking quietly for their ovvne liuing, commaunding to excommunicate the disobedient.

[verse 1] FOR the rest, brethren, pray for vs, that the vvord of God may haue course and be glorified,* 1.69 as also vvith you:* 1.70 [rightJustify 2] and that vve may be deliuered from impor∣tunate and naughtie men.* 1.71 for al men haue not faith. ✝ [rightJustify 3] But our Lord is faith∣ful, vvho vvil confirme and keepe you from euil. ✝ [rightJustify 4] And vve haue confidence of you in our Lord, that the things vvhich vve commaund, both you doe, and vvil doe. ✝ [rightJustify 5] And our Lord direct your hartes in the charitie of God, and patience of Christ.

[rightJustify 6] And vve denounce vnto you, brethren, in the name of our Lord IESVS Christ, that you vvithdravv your selues frō euery brother vvalking inordinarly, and not according to the c 1.72 traditiō vvhich they haue receiued of vs. ✝ [rightJustify 7] For your selues knovv hovv you ought to imitate vs: for vve haue not been

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vnquiet among you:* 1.73 [leftJustify 8] * neither haue vve eaten bread of any man gratis,* 1.74 but in labour & in toile night and day vvor∣king, * 1.75 lest vve should burden any of you. ✝ [leftJustify 9] * Not as though vve had not authoritie:* 1.76 but that vve might giue our selues a paterne vnto you for to imitate vs. ✝ [leftJustify 10] For also vvhen vve vvere vvith you, this vve denounced to you, that if any vvil not vvorke, neither let him eate. ✝ [leftJustify 11] For vve haue heard of certaine amōg you that vvalke vnquietly, vvorking nothing, but curiously meddling. ✝ [leftJustify 12] And to them that be such vve denounce, & beseeche them in our Lord IESVS Christ, that vvorking vvith silence, they eate their ovvne bread.

[leftJustify 13] But you brethren * fainte not vvel-doing.* 1.77 [leftJustify 14] And if any obey not our vvord, note him by an epistle: ✝ [leftJustify 15] and do not companie vvith him, that he may be confounded: and do not esteeme him as an enemie, but admonish him as a brother. ✝ [leftJustify 16] And the Lord of peace him self giue you euerla∣sting peace in euery place. Our Lord be vvith you al. ✝ [leftJustify 17] The saluation, vvith mine ovvne hand, Paules: vvhich is a signe in euery epistle. so I vvrite. ✝ [leftJustify 18] The grace of our Lord IESVS Christ be vvith you al. Amen.

ANNOTATIONS CHAP. III.

10. Neither let them eate.] It is not a general precept or rule, that euery man should liue by this handvvorke,* 1.78 as the Anabaptistes argue falsely against Gentlemen, and the Cal∣uinistes applie it peruersely against the vacant life of the Clergie, specially of Monkes and other Religious men. But it is a natural admonitiō onely, giuen to such as had not vvhere∣vvith to liue of their ovvne, or any right or good cause vvhy to chalenge their finding of others, and to such as vnder the colour of Christian libertie did passe their time idly, cu∣riously, vnprofitably, and scandalously, refusing to do such vvorkes as vvere agreable to their former calling and bringing vp. Such as these, vvere not tolerable, specially there and then, vvhen the Apostle and others (that might lavvfully haue liued of the altar and their preaching) yet to disburden their hearers, and for the better aduancement of the Gospel,* 1.79 vvrought for their liuing: * protesting neuertheles continually, that they might haue done othervvise, as vvel as S. Peter and the rest did, vvho vvrought not, but vvere found othervvise iustly and lavvfully, as al sortes of the Clergie preaching or seruing the Church and the alter, be and ought to be,* 1.80* 1.81 by the lavv of God and nature. Vvhose spiri∣tual labours far passe al bodily trauailes, where the dueties and functions of that voca∣tion be done accordingly: as S. Augustine affirmeth of his ovvne extraordinarie paines incident to the Ecclesiastical affaires and regiment: in steede of vvhich, if the vse of the Church and his infirmitie vvould haue permitted it,* 1.82 he vvisheth he might haue laboured vvith his handes some houres of the day. as some of the Clergie did euer voluntarily occupie them selues in teaching, vvriting, grauing, painting, planting, sovving, embro∣dering, or such like seemely and innocent labours. See S. Hierom ep. 114 seu praef. in Iob. and in vit. Hilario.

And Monkes for the most part in the primitiue Church (fevv of them being Priests, and many taken from seruile vvorkes and handicraftes, yea often times professed of bond∣men, made free by their maisters to enter into religiō) vvere appointed by their Superiors to vvorke certaine houres of the day, to supply the lackes of their Monasteries: as yet the

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Religious do (vvomen specially) in many places, vvhich standeth vvell vvith their profes∣sion. And S. Augustine vvriteth a vvhole booke (de opera Monachorum to. 3.) against the er∣rour of certaine disordered Monkes that abused these vvordes, (Nolite esse soliciti, he not careful &c. and Respicite vlatilia cali, behold the foules of the aire &c.) to proue that they should not labour at al, but pray only and commit their finding to God: not only so excusing their idlenes, but preferring them selues in holines aboue other their fellowes that did worke,* 1.83 and erroneously expounding the said Scriptures for their defence: as they did other Scriptures, to proue they should not be shauen after the maner of Monkes. Vvhich letting their heads to grow he much blameth also in them, See li. 2. Retract. c. 21. & op. Monach. c. 31. and S. Hieromes. ep. 48. c. 3. of Nonnes cutting their heare.

Vvhere by the vvay you see that the Religious vvere shauen euen in S. Augustines time, vvho reprocheth them for their heare, calling them Crinitos, Hearelings, as the Here∣tikes novv contrarievvise deride them by the vvord Rasos, Shauelings. So that there is a great difference betvvene the auncient Fathers and the nevv Protestant. And as for hand la∣bours, as S. Augustine in the booke alleaged, would not haue Religious folke to refuse them, vvhere necessitie, bodily strength, and the order of the Church or Monasterie permit or require them:* 1.84 so he expresly vvriteth, that al can not nor are not bound to vvorke, and that vvho so euer preacheth or ministreth the Sacraments to the people or serueth the altar (as al Religious men commonly now do) may chalenge their liuing of them vvhom they serue,* 1.85 and are not bound to vvorke, * no nor such neither as haue been brought vp before in state of Gentlemen, and haue giuen avvay their lands or goods, and made them selues poore for Christes sake. Vvhich is to be noted, because the Heretikes affirme the said Scripture and S. Augustine to condemne al such for idle persons.

14. Obey not.]* 1.86 Our Pastors must be obied, and not onely secular Princes, and such as vvill not be obedient to their spiritual gouernours, the Apostle (as S. Augustine saith) giueth order and commaundement that they be corrected by correption or admonition, By degradation, excommunication, and other lavvful kindes of punishments. Cont. Donatist. post collat. c. 4. 20. Read also this holy fathers answer to such as said, Let our Prelates commaund vs onely vvhat vve ought to do, and pray for vs that vve may do it: but let them not correct vs. Vvhere he proueth that Prelates must not onely commaund and pray, but punish also if that be not done vvhich is commaunded. Li. de correp. & grat. c. 3.

14. Note him.]* 1.87 Disobedient person to be excommunicated, and the excommunicated to be separated from the companie of other Christians, and the faithful not to keepe any companie or haue conuersation vvith excommunicated person, neither to be partaker vvith them in the fault for vvhich they are excommunicated, nor in any other act of reli∣gion or office of life, except cases or mere necessitie and other prescribed and permitted by the law: al this is here insinuated, and that al the Churches censures be grounded in Scriptures and the examples of the Apostles.

Notes

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