Cyrupædia The institution and life of Cyrus, the first of that name, King of Persians. Eight bookes. Treating of noble education, of princely exercises, military discipline, vvarlike stratagems, preparations and expeditions: as appeareth by the contents before the beginning of the first booke. Written in Greeke by the sage Xenophon. Translated out of Greeke into English, and conferred with the Latine and French translations, by Philemon Holland of the city of Coventry Doctor in Physick. Dedicated to his most excellent Maiesty.

THE FOVRTH BOOKE. (Book 4)

CHAP. I.

How the King of Assyria died in fight: King Croesus and the Assyrians fled; and Cyrus purposed to follow in chace.

CYRVS having staied there long enough with his armie and made open shew, that ready they were to fight if any would issue forth, seeing none to come abroad, withdrew his power so farre as he thought good and there encam∣ped; Now when he had set his Corps du guard, and sent out his espialls before, himselfe having assembled his sol∣diers, in this manner spake unto them. My friends, yee that are Persians, First, the Gods above I laud and praise to my full power, like as I suppose yee all doe: For, atchieved we have this day both victorie and safetie. In regard whereof bound we are to retribute gifts unto their Majesties, in to∣ken of thankes, even out of all that ever we have. And as for you, I cannot choose but commend you every one: For, looke what service there is exploi∣ted, the same hath beene performed to the honour of you all. But as concer∣ning due recompense in particular, when I am certified by those, of whom meet it is I should enquire, of what desert every one is, I shall endevour both in word and deed to conferre rewards upon each one respectively. And verily, as tou∣ching this Centurion here Chrysantas, who was next unto mee, I need not to learne of others, as knowing my selfe very well how hee hath borne him∣selfe: For, as in every point else hee hath done his devoyr, like as of you all I suppose no lesse: so when I had caused the retreat to bee sounded and called unto him by name, albeit hee had his sword up ready to smite his enemie, hee presently obeyed, and leaving that undone which hee went about, did as he was commanded: For, not onely retired he in person, but readily charged the rest to doe the same: in so much as he brought his owne company without daunger of the voley, ere our enemies wist that we gave ground at all, even before they could draw their bowes, or launce their javelins against us: and so he is both safe himselfe, and by his obedience hath saved his owne men also. As for others, quoth he, I see some in deed wounded, of whom when I

have better considred what time they were hurt, I shall then deliver my doome. But Chrysantas being so brave a man of action, so wise withall, and sufficient as well to rule as to be ruled; him, I say, at this present I ordeine a Colonel over a thousand. And whensoever God shall give me a good hand againe, I will not then be forgetfull of him. And I would have you all, quoth he, to remem∣ber thus much and make use of this journey. For, whatsoever erewhile ye have seene in this fight, never ceasse to thinke upon, that ye may alwaies judge with∣in your selves, whether it is running away, or preesse rather, that saveth your lives? Also, whether they that fight willingly, be sooner freed from warre, or those who are unwilling? Likewise, what pleasure it is that victory bringeth. For none of these points may ye best determine, as having made proofe and seene the experience, considering the service is so lately performed. And verily by continuall meditation hereof, yee shall prove the better. Now therefore, as religious, valiant, and temperate men, take your suppers. Offer sacred libations to the Gods, beginning with a triumphant* 1.1 song, and withall have an eye and due regard to that which is commaunded. Thus said, he got up to horsebacke, and rode away untill he was come to Cyaxares: Where, after rejoycing with him as requisite it was, upon mutuall congratulation for their common victory: when he had seene how things went there and asked of him what need he had of his service, he rode backe from thence to his own armie. As for Cyrus and his souldiers, after they had supped and appointed a sufficient watch, they betooke themselves to rest.

But the Assyrians, whose Soveraine Commaunder was slaine and with him the very flowre and best of his souldiers, were all in great heavinesse yea and many of them by night slipt away and fled out of the Camp. Which when Craesus and the rest of their Allies perceived, they sorrowed all very much (for every thing was dolorous) but this troubled them most in generall, that throughout the armie, all the prime company of those that should have beene their Leaders were out of heart, void of counsell and at their wits end. Where∣upon in the night season they abandoned their tents and departed. When day appeared and discovered how naked of fighting men their Camp was: Cyrus presently advanced thither first with the Persians. Now, the enemies had left behind them, many Sheepe, many Kine and Oxen, and besides many waggons full of much treasure and goods. Then repaired thither all the Medes likewise, who were with Cyaxares, where they dined. Dinner being done, Cyrus called unto him his owne Centiniers, and unto them made this Oration. My souldiers, what benefits and how great, presented here unto us by the goodnesse of God seeme we to let slip out of our hands? For now, your owne selves see, that the enemies for feare of us be fled. And if they, being fortified strongly within their hold have quit the same, and are runne away, how may any man imagine, that they will stand to it, if they see us on even ground in the plaine field? Also, they that durst not hold out when they had no experience of our valour; how shall they be able now to abide us, defaited as they are already and having suf∣fred so many displeasures at our hands? And how shall their greatest cowards be willing to sight with us, whose most valiant men lye slaine upon the ground before us? Hereat, said one of the Company, why then doe we not with all speed pursue them, seeing so great availes comming towards us so evidently? Because, quoth Cyrus, we want good horses: whereas the very best of our

enemies, and such, as most fit it were now, either to kill or to take prisoners, hie them homeward apace well mounted on good coursers? And those verily by Gods helpe, able were we to put to flight, but in following the chace, shall never overtake. Why then, say they, goe you not to Cyaxares, and impart so much unto him? Say you so? quoth he, Then follow mee all, that he may know, yee are generally of this minde. So they all both followed Cyrus, and also declared what they thought meet as touching the matter they required. Cyaxares, partly for that they made the motion first, somewhat envied them: and partly because he thought he should doe well for himselfe, if he did not enter into daunger a second time (for surely he gave himselfe to joy and mirth, and saw many of the Medes doe the same) answered in this manner.

CHAP. II.

The opinion of Cyaxares, to divert Cyrus from following the traine of his victorie.

I Know nephew Cyrus both by report, and also by that which I have seene my selfe, that yee Persians of all other men study most, not to set your minds upon any pleasure unsatiably. But verily, for mine own part, I thinke it much more behoovefull, in the greatest pleasure to be continent and hold a meane. And what is it, that presenteth greater contentment to men, than good successe, which at this time is falne unto us? If we therefore being now in hap∣py case, can soberly and wisely keepe the same, we may perhaps live unto our old age in felicitie without all daunger. But if wee are never satisfied there∣with, pursuing still one good fortune in the necke of another: take heed, least that befall unto us, which, they say, many navigatours have found at sea; who meeting sometime with a good gale of wind and fortunate voyage, would ne∣ver make an end of sayling, untill they were cast away and so perished. Sem∣blably, many men, (by report) having obteined one victory, by coveting to winne another, have lost the former. For, truly if our enemies who are fled, were fewer in number than we, it might peradventure be safe for us to pursue them being so few. But now, consider with how small a troup of them wee all fought, when we gained the upper hand? The rest were not at the battaile nor strucke one stroke: whom if we force not to draw sword, they not knowing us nor themselves, for want of skill and for cowardise will be glad to escape and be gone: But if they perceive once, that they shall be in as great jeopardie by running away, as by tarrying still, and have no hope of safety but in their swords point, beware we urge them not even against their owne wils and pur∣pose, to beare themselves like valiant men. For, this you must know, that you are not so desirous to take their wives and children prisoners as they be to save them. Consider also, that wild swine when they are espied by the hunter run away, (many though they be in number) with their young pigs: but if a man hunt or chace any of their young ones, they will flye no longer, no though there be but one of them and no more, but assaile him that goeth about to catch the same. And verily, the enemies at this time beeing enclosed within their strength, give us leave to skirmish with as many of them as we thought good our selves: but in case wee joyne battaile with them in the broad and open

plaine, when they shall learne, divided apart as erewhile, some to confront us, others to flanke us on the one side and the other, and some againe to set upon us behind in the tayle: See then whether every one of us have not need both of many eyes, and also of as many hands? Furthermore, I would not wish, quoth he, for my part, seeing as I doe the Medes solacing themselves in myrth, to withdraw them from their delights, and force them to hazard their lives in a doubtfull piece of service.

CHAP. III.

How Cyrus obtained of Cyaxares part of the Medes forces: and with them and the Hyrcanians togither that yeelded unto him, pursued the Assyrians in their flight.

VPon this speech Cyrus briefly replied: You shalt not need, [good Vn∣kle] to compell any man: onely let me have them who will follow me as voluntaries, and peradventure we shall returne, bringing unto you and to every one of these your friends, that which will give you all good con∣tentment. Follow we will not in chace the maine multitude of our enemies (fot how possibly should we encompasse and take them?) but if we may light upon any piece of their armie dismembred from the rest, or upon a skirt and remnant thereof, we shall fetch it in and bring the same unto you. Moreover, thinke this, quoth he, that we at your request are come a great journey, and all to gratifie and doe you pleasure; You therefore in all equity are to requite us in the like: that we also may in some sort make up our owne mouthes, and so re∣turne home with good pillage; and not depend all of us, upon your pay and treasure. Then said Cyaxares, If any one will of his owne accord beare you company, I would acknowledge my selfe beholden also vnto you. Send there∣fore, quoth Cyrus, with me one of these here who deserveth to be trusted most, that he may declare unto the Medes from you, what you commaund. Goe to, said Cyaxares, take of all these any one, whom you will chuse. Now, it hapned that the Median Gentleman was there present, who in times past had claimed kinred of Cyrus and gotten so many kisses of him. Then Cyrus forthwith, This man here, quoth he, without more adoe shall serve my turne. Content said Cyaxares, let him wait upon you: and withall, he charged the party, to deliver thus much in his name, That whosoever would, might goe with Cyrus. Thus Cyrus taking the man with him, went out: and when he was gone forth, he pre∣sently said unto him: Now verily shall you make knowne whether you spake truth or no, when you said you tooke much pleasure in beholding me. Say you so? quoth the Median, Then will I never forsake you. And are you willing said Cyrus to impart as much to others likewise? Then the man bound it with an oath and said yea by Iupiter that I will: and bring it so about in the end, that even you shall be as willing to looke upon me also. Then being thus sent from Cyaxares, as he declared otherwise right cheerefully this errand to the Medes, so he added this moreover, that he would never depart from so noble, so excel∣lent, so goodly a person, and that which passed all the rest, descended from the race of the Gods.

Whiles Cyrus was busie about these affaires, there arrived, as it were by the

providence of God, certaine Embassadors from the Hyrcanians. These Hyrca∣nians border upon the Assyrians. A nation verily nothing populous (which is the reason that subject they were unto the Assyrians) howbeit, reputed then, (as they are no lesse at this day,) good horsemen. In which regard also the Assy∣rians employed them, as the Lacedemonians did the Scyrites, making no spare of them, but putting them to all paines taking and adventures. And at this very time, they had charged them to keepe the Reare (and in number they were a∣bout a thousand horse) to the end that if any damage hapned behind, they first, should undergoe it before themselves. These Hyrcanians, because they were to march hinmost, had their waggons also and their families behind all the rest. For, the nations of Asia, the most part, in all their expeditions, use to goe to warre with their whole housholds. And in this manner served the Hyr∣canians at that time. Who now considering well with themselves, what hard and servile warfare they were put to under the Assyrians: also that now their Soveraine Lord being slaine, they were all foyled and discomfited, their whole armie in great feare, their Associats out of heart, ready to faint and forsake them; casting, I say, these things in their minds, they thought they had a fit time and opportunitie offred to revolt, if togither with them Cyrus and his for∣ces would make head afresh and set upon them. Hereupon they dispatched their messengers unto Cyrus. For, now by reason of this battaile, his name was up and his fame much encreased. These that were sent, related unto Cyrus what just cause they had to hate the Assyrians: if therefore at this time he were dis∣posed, to make an invasion they would become both Associates, and leade the vaward also in this journey. Withall, they recounted unto him, in what state the enemies stood, the rather to incite him thereby to take this expedition in hand. Then Cyrus questioned with them in this sort: Thinke yee, quoth he, that we shall be able yet to overtake them, before they put themselves into their strong holds? For we take this for a great infortunitie of ours, that they have so secretly in the night escaped from us. This spake he because he would have them to conceive an excellent opinion of him. Who answered, That ear∣ly the next morning they might reach them, if they made speed and went light∣ly appointed. For, by reason, say they, of their great multitude, and heavy carriages, they march but slowly: and besides, for that they sate up and watched all night before, they had now rid but small ground forward, and pitched their tents betimes. Then replyed Cyrus, Can ye put in any pledge for our assurance, that yee speake the truth? Wee will, say they, forthwith ride away, and even this night bring hostages with us for your better securitie. Onely doe you assure us in the name of God, and give us your right hand, that we may make report to others, what wee have received from you. Then hee faithfully promised them, that if they performed bona fide, what they had said, he would use them as his trusty and assured friends: neither would he ranke them inferiour in place either to the Persians or to the Medes. And even at this very day, a man shall see the Hyrcanians put in trust and bearing office of state, as well as Persians or Medes, such as are thought of best worth. After they had supped, Cyrus led forth his armie before day light was gone, and commaunded those Hyrcanians to give attendance there and to march onward togither with him. As for the Persians, they all in generall, as requisite it was, speedily came forth, and Ti∣granes also with his owne Regiment. Of the Medes, some entred this journey,

for that having beene children when Cyrus was a child, were now become his friends: others, because they had beene his companions in hunting, and were much delighted in his good behaviour: some againe in token of thankfulnesse unto him because he seemed to have delivered them out of great feare: others also upon good hopes, that seeing hee bare himselfe so valiantly, hee would prove afterwards a fortunate, and mightie Prince. There were besides divers of them willing now to doe him some reciprocall pleasure and service for the good turnes which hee had procured unto any whiles hee was brought up a∣mong the Medes. And verily, (as he was of a kinde and courteous nature), he had procured for a number of them at his Grandsires hands many favours. Last of all, a great sort of them, after they had seene the Hyrcanians and heard a rumour spred abroad, that they would be their Leaders to bring them unto great wealth, went forth for to get somewhat. Thus the Medes in manner all, followed him: unlesse they were such as hapned to be of the Domesticall traine of Cyaxares: For, these onely remained, togither with those that were their vassals and followers. As for all the rest, full gladly and cheerefully, they did put themselves forward in this journey, not I say as men constreined, but as meere voluntaries, and who to gratifie him, of their owne accord went forth. When they were now abroad upon the way, first hee commeth out unto the Medes, whom he praised: and prayed withall, Imprimis, that the Gods would vouchsafe to be propitious guides both to them and his. Item, To graunt him such favour as to bee able to render unto them condigne recompense for this their affectionate love unto him. In conclusion, hee gave order, that the foot∣men should lead the march: and then he commaunded the horsemen to fol∣low. Moreover, if in any place they rested or stayed in their journey, he char∣ged that some should ride unto him, to know from time to time what was ex∣pedient to be done. After this, he willed the said Hyrcanians to lead formost. Who asked him in this manner, Why? Sir, tarry not you and expect untill wee bring our hostages: that you also, having taken pledges of us for the bet∣ter securitie of our troth, may then set forward? And he, by report, made this answere. Even, for that I consider, we doe all carry the assurance of our faith, no otherwise than in our hands and hearts. For, at this point and thus provi∣ded seeme wee to be, that if yee be true of your word unto us, we have suffici∣ent power and meanes to doe you good: but if yee be false and deceive us, we take our selves to be in that state, as we need not be in subjection unto you, but yee rather (if the Gods will) shall be thrall unto us and at our devotion. And verily, quoth he, yee Hyrcanians, because yee say, your countrymen use to march hinmost, therefore when ye see them once, give us knowledge that they be of your nation, to the end wee may spare them. The Hyrcanians hearing this, led the way as he commaunded: and withall admired his princely heart and magnanimitie. Neither stood they any more in feare of the Assyrians or of the Lydians or yet of any other their Allies and Confederates. And as for Cyrus himselfe, he supposed, there lay matter of no small moment every way in them, were they present with him or were they absent. Now as they mar∣ched and night drew on, reported it is, that a cleere light shining from heaven, appeared evidently unto Cyrus and his host, in so much as they all conceived a reverent feare of the Divine power, and a confident boldnesse besides against the enemies: and, for that they were lightly appointed and went apace, by good

reason they made, that night, a great journey, and by breake of day in the very twy-light, approched neere unto the Hyrcanians maine regiment. Which when the messengers above-said perceived, they signified unto Cyrus that those were their countrimen: And hereof, said they, have we sure intelligence, as well by their marching hinmost, as by the number of fires which they make. Whereupon hee sent one of these two unto them, commaunding him in his name to deliver this message: That if they were his friends, they should with all speed come and meet him holding up their hands aloft. Some likewise of his owne men he sent with him, whom he commaunded to say unto the Hyrca∣nians, That as his men should see them comming towards him, so they also would doe the like againe. Thus, one of the messengers tarried still with Cyrus, and the other rode forth to the Hyrcanians. During the time that Cyrus waited to see what the Hyrcanians would doe, he caused his armie to stay the march. Then the Chieftaines of the Medes togither with Tigranes galloped hard unto him, demaunding what they were to doe? unto whom he made answere, This troupe next unto us is the regiment of the Hyrcanians: unto whom one of their messengers, accompanied with some few of our men in gone for to signifie un∣to them, that if they meane to be friends, they should meet us bearing up all of them their right hands. Wherefore, if they so doe, receive them yee, eve∣ry one in his place friendly giving them your right hands, and bid them be of good cheere. But if they either take weapon in hand or goe about to flie, doe your best, quoth he, to dispatch them at first, so as not one of them remaine a∣live. These were the directions of Cyrus. Meane-while the Hyrcanians, having heard what the messengers said, were exceeding glad, and quickly mounting on horsebacke repaired toward them holding up their hands as they had warning so to doe. Semblably the Medes and Persians did put forth their hands, wel∣comed them and bade them take a good heart. Then Cyrus, Wee for our parts, quoth he, beleeve now and trust you Hyrcanians: and even so ought yee to be affected to us ward. But first of all, Tell us this, How farre hence is the place where the principall rulers and puissance of our enemies maine armie are•• They answere, somewhat above a Parasang.

CHAP. IIII.

The exhortation of Cyrus to his whole Armie, inciting them to follow the chace of his enemies, with the Cavallery of the Medes.

WHich when Cyrus heard, Goe to then, my deere friends, quoth he, Persians, Medes, and yee Hyrcanians, (for now speake I to you as unto Allies and partners with us.) Now ought we to know for certaine in what state we stand: namely, that if we now become faint hearted and demeane our selves cowardly, we shall incurre the most grievous calami∣ties that be. For, our enemies know full well, wherefore we are come: but if we shall fiercely set upon our enemies and give the charge with courage and manly resolution, yee shall see them soone like unto fugitive slaves, that are found out and apprehended againe, some to court us in humble and suppliant manner cry∣ing us mercy, others to take them to their heeles: some againe so maskared, as

they will not be able so much as to thinke either of the one or the other. For, as men once discomfited, they will state and looke upon us: and suspecting no∣thing lesse, than that we are comming, they being neither set embattailed nor provided to fight, will be surprised. If therefore we desire to sit at supper fee∣ding merrily, to passe the night sleeping quietly, and in a word, hereafter to live pleasantly: let us give them no respit, either to consult or prepare any good thing for themselves, no nor so much as to know at all that we be men: but thinke onely, that nought else is come among them but bucklers, courtill-axes, glaives, browne-bills and bloudy wounds. And yee Hyrcanians, quoth he, step forward upon them, and make way before us, that by the sight of your armour, we may be in covert and unseene as long as possible it is. But, when I am come close to the enemies armie, leave with me* 1.2 every of you a corner of horsemen, to use as need requireth so long as I abide here with the armie. And such of you as are Commaunders, chiefe-Officers and of the elder sort, see you ride close in a thicke squadron togither, when yee charge them, if yee be wise: least haply yee light upon their massive troupes, and so be borne downe by vio∣lence. But, suffer the younger gallants to follow the chace, and let them have the killing of the enemies. For, this is the safest way now, that we leave as few of our enemies alive as may be. And if it come to passe (as it hapneth to many winners) that we quite overthrow their fortunes, and breake their backes for ever, take heed we must, that we fall not to pillage. For, he that so doth, is no more a valiant souldier, but a base souldiers page, and such an one, any man that will may use as his slave. This also ought we to know, that nothing is more gainefull than victory. For, the victour presently carrieth all away with him at once, men, women, money and goods, yea and the whole countrey withall. Furthermore, this one thing would be thought upon especially: How we may hold and reteine victorie.* 1.3 For, in it even the rifler and spoyler himselfe is com∣prised. To conclude, remember this among the rest, in your chace, that yee returne to mee while it is day-light. For, bee it once darke, wee will receive none.

Cyrus having thus said, sent every man to his owne* 1.4 companie; commaun∣ding them withall, that when they were thither come, each one should signifie as much to their Decurions. For, seeing that these Decurions stood in the Front, they might easily heare: who likewise were bidden every one to intimate as much unto their severall Denaries under their charge. Thus the Hyrcanians led the Vaward. Cyrus with the Persians conducted the maine battaile in the mids, and so marched. As for the Horsemen, he marshalled them as meet it was, on both sides like wings.

CHAP. V.

How Cyrus defaited the Assyrians againe, and tooke prisoners, Kings, Lords and other souldiours a great number. The order that he gave, how to bee provided presently of victuals without confusion and trouble.

WHen it was day light, the enemies, some wondred and were astoni∣ed at these occurrents: others perceived at the first what the mat∣ter was: some told it as newes: others cryed out: some unloosed their horses: others fell to trusse up bag and baggage, some flung armour and weapons from of their beasts backs: others did on their harnois: some leapt on horsebacke, others bridled them: some mounted their wives and women into wagons: others caught up their things of greatest price to save them: some againe were taken in the manner as they were hiding the same in the ground: but the most part tooke their heeles. And we must thinke, that many and sun∣dry things they did, save this onely, that there was not one of them fought, but perished without fight. Croesus the Lydian King had sent away before in the night (for that it was the hote summer season) his wives in Carroches, that du∣ring the coole aire, they might travaile more easily: and himselfe followed hard after, with his horsemen. Likewise did, by report, the Phrygian Poten∣tate who ruled that Phrygia which lieth upon Hellespont. But when they un∣derstood by those that fled and overtooke them, how the world went, them∣selves fled also as fast as ever they could. The KK. of the Cappadocians and Ara∣bians, who were next hand and made some resistance, unarmed and without their curaces, the Hyrcanians put to the sword. The most part of those that lost their lives were Assyrians and Arabians. For, being within their owne land, they made slowest haste, and went least forward. Whiles the Medes and Hyr∣canians made havocke and execution (as it was no other like) following the chace as they did and having still the upper hand, Cyrus commaunded those Cornets of horsemen which were left with him, to ride about the Campe: and whomsoever they saw going forth armed, to kill them ou••••ight: but to those who stayed within, he made proclamation, That what souldiours so ever of the enemies armie, were either Horsmen, Targuatiers or Archers, they should trusse up their armour and bring it forth, leaving their horses still at their Pavilions. But as many as did not this, they should forthwith lose their heads.

Meane while with their arming swords ready drawne, they stood in order of battaile round about the tents. They therefore that had armour, brought it forth and flung the same from them into one place where Cyrus had appointed, which they set on fire and burnt, who had commandement from him so to doe. Cyrus then, considering, that thither they were come unprovided altogither of meat and drinke, without which impossible it is, that either an expedition should hold out or any other feat of armes be exploited: and casting about, how hee might most speedily and in the best sort be therewith furnished; thought with∣all, how necessary it is for all those that undertake warfare, to have some one man, who should take charge of Pavilion and lodging, yea and purvey victuals ready for souldiers against their entrie into the Campe. Knowing therefore

that by all likelihood such as these, at this present especially might be found in the* 1.5 Campe, for that now they would be busied in providing necessaries; hee commaunded by proclamation all those* 1.6 Campe-officers to shew themselves: and if any such minister were wanting, the most auncient in every tent to come forth and appeare: and herein not to faile nor disobey at their utmost peril. They seeing their Lords and Masters to yeeld obedience, forthwith themselves obey∣ed also. When they were come in place, First hee commaunded them to sit downe, who had in their tents more provision of victuall then would serve for two moneths. After he had seene them, he bad those likewise to sit, who had one moneths victuall: and then, all in manner sat them downe. Now when he had learned thus much, he spake unto them in this manner. Goe to then, good fellowes, quoth he, whosoever of you doe hate miseries, and desire to have any good at our hands; looke to it with all diligence that there bee in every tent, double so much victualls as well meats as drinks provided, both for master and man, for Captaine likewise and souldiours, as yee were wont daily to provide. See also, that all other things be ready prepared, which may set out and furnish a feast: For, there will be here anon those, who after they have gotten the up∣per hand of their enemies, will thinke it meet that they have all necessaries plen∣teously and to the full. Know yee therefore, that it will bee for your owne good, if yee entertaine them so, as they have no cause to complaine. When they heard this, they performed diligently what they were enjoyned to doe Then Cyrus called togither his owne Centurions againe and made such an ora∣tion as this unto them.

CHAP. VI.

How Cyrus communed with his Centiniers, perswading them to sobriety, and to stay for their fellowes who were in the pursuite: and how they raised a great booty of men, women, and goods.

WEE are not ignorant, goods Friends, that you may now if yee will take your dinners before our Associats that are absent, yea and enjoy those meats and drinks, which are right exquisitly pro∣vided. But I am not perswaded, that this dinner and refection of ours, will profit us more, than if it may appeare, that we are carefull of our fellowes and confederates: neither can all this good cheere make us so much the stronger, as this one thing would doe, to wit, if we might be able to cause our Allies to be forward in ayding us. If therefore, we should seeme so to vilipend those who now follow the chace and execution of our enemies, fighting still with them that make head, as that before we know how they speed, we should dine and make merry, I feare me, as we shall be noted openly for lewd persons, so wee shall weaken our selves, when we misse their aide. But to have such a care of those that take paines and expose themselves unto daungers, as that when upon their entry into the Campe, they may finde food ready and all things necessary▪ This say I, were a feast alone, and would make us much more jocund and jo∣viall, than if we went by and by to fill and pamper our bellies. Consider fur∣thermore, quoth he, that although it stood us not upon, in modestie to have

any regard at all of them, yet ought we not at any time, to give our selves to belly cheere and drunkennesse. For, as yet we have not fully atchieved those exploits which we enterprised, but all things now are come to the very pitch and doubtfull point which requireth carefull diligence. For, we have in the campe enemies in number farre more than we be our selves, and those loose, and at liberty, whom peradventure it were fit to be guarded surely still: yea and care would be had, that there be such as may purvey us necessaries. Moreover, our horsemen are away, who verily disquiet our minds and make us to muse where they be: and when they are returned, whether they will stay with us or no? therefore, in mine opinion, such meat and drinke we are at this time to take and stay our stomacks with, as a man may thinke most meete and expedient, thereby neither to be full of drowsie sleepe, nor surprised with inconsiderate folly. I wote well likewise, that much treasure there is and other goods in the camp: of which I know it is in our power to convert to our proper use as much as we list, how ever the same be common, as well to those who were with us at the winning thereof as to our selves. But I doe not thinke, it would turne more to our gaine, for to seize the said goods into our owne hands, than if we shew our selves true and just unto them, and in so doing purchase thus much, as that they shall be more fast and assured friends unto us than now they are. In these respects therefore, I thinke it good to commit the dispose and distribu∣tion of these monies and goods, to the Medes, Hyrcanians, and Tigranes at their returne: and say they deale the lesse part among us, yet to reckon even it our gain & advantage. For, by reason of lucre growing to them ward, more willing they will be to remaine with us. As for our selves, if at this time we should re∣gard our owne commodity before theirs, verily it would gaine us wealth to last but a small while. But to let this pillage goe by, and in lieu thereof to have and hold such things, whereof riches doth arise, this is it in my judgement, which may yeeld both to us and to all ours, more durable and perpetuall wealth. For this cause also, quoth he, I suppose when we are at home in our owne countrey, we doe inure our selves to master and keepe downe our bellies: to forbeare likewise unlawfull and unreasonable games: that when need re∣quires, we might use the same to our weale and commodity. And verily, where we may shew our institution and bringing up in greater matters, than these now presented unto us, I cannot see. And herewith made Cyrus an end of his speech. This advise of his, Hystaspes a Persian and one of the above-named Peeres appro∣ved, and said as followeth. An indignity and shame it were ô Cyrus: if we ma∣ny times in hunting should continue without meat and all for to take some wild beast, and the same peradventure but little worth: and now when we are in the pursuite of a world of wealth, we be our owne hinderance by those things that rule lewd men, and are subject to the good: so as wee should not seeme to per∣forme what we ought and befitteth us best to doe. Thus agreed Hystaspes with the opinion of Cyrus, and all the rest allowed thereof. Goe to then said Cyrus, Since we concurre in one and the same mind, Send every Caporall out of his owne band five of the tallest and best men to goe round about, and as many as they see busie in purveiance of necessaries, to command them; but whomsoever they perceive slacke in this behalfe, against them to proceed with more severi∣ty, than if they were their very masters. And thus verily did Cyrus and those with him. As for the Medes, some of them who overtooke certaine waines

which had gone before, and turned them backe, brought them full loden with such commodities as the armie had need of. Others tooke and brought away with them* 1.7 Chariots and Carroches, wherein were passing faire women: part∣ly lawfull wives and in part* 1.8 concubines, such as for their singular beauty were carried about and went with the Campe. For, the manner is of all the nations in Asia, even at this day whensoever they make any warlike expedition, to take with them along, the most precious things they have: saying, That they are the more eger of fight, when their most leife and deerest jewels are about them. For, there is a certeine necessitie imposed upon them, manfully to protect and defend the same, and even so in very deed perhaps it is: or peradventure thus they doe, to satisfie their lusts and pleasures. Now Cyrus, when hee saw what feats the Medes and Hyrcanians had exploited, check'd, as it were, and rebuked himselfe and his whole traine: in that others at this time seemed to outgoe them in valour, and to winne somewhat: whiles he and those about him sit still in a place farre remote from performing good service, doing just nothing. And in truth, they that came away with this said bootie, had no sooner shewed unto Cyrus what they brought, but they rode forth eftsoones, to pursue the rest of the enemies: For so said they, we have expresse commaundement from our Pro∣vosts and Rulers. Cyrus albeit he was stung herewith, yet bestowed hee this bootie safe, and laid it up every thing in due place. Then assembled he once a∣gaine his Centiniers; and standing so as he might be heard whatsoever he spake, made this oration unto them.

CHAP. VII.

Cyrus consulteth with his Centiniers, about mounting footmen on horsebacke: and erecting a Persian Cavallerie, with the horses taken from the enemie in the warres.

MY good friends, Wee all, I suppose, doe know, that if we may at∣chieve those matters, which fortune at this time presenteth unto us: as, there shall accrue much profit unto the Persians all in common: so the greatest part of good right will be ours, by whose travaile the service is done. But, how we should be Lords thereof, being not of sufficient strength to enjoy and hold the same, unlesse we have a Persian Cavallerie of our owne, truly I cannot yet see. For, consider I pray you with mee, that wee Persians are furnished with those weapons, wherewith we may seeme to foyle and dis∣comfit our enemies at close fight: but when wee have once routed them, what Horsemen, what Archers, what Targuaters, or what Darters, can we either take prisoners or kill as they flie, wanting horses as we doe? And why should either Archers, or Darters, or Horsemen, be affraid to assaile us and worke us mischiefe, so long as they know for certeine, that they stand in no daunger to receive hurt from us, no more than from the very trees that grow fast in the ground? Which being so, is it not evident, that those men of armes who now assist us, doe thinke that all these preies which now are taken, be no lesse their owne than ours? yea and perhaps more too, so helpe me Iupiter. Thus there∣fore stands the case now, and it cannot otherwise be: But if wee may provide our selves of a Cavallerie, out of our owne nation, not inferiour to this of theirs,

is it not very apparant unto you all, that we shall be able to doe as much against our enemies without them as now we doe with them? and besides, finde even them more modest in their carriage and respective towards us? So that wee shall need the lesse to care whether they will stay with us, or bee gone, seeing that without their helpe we shall be sufficient of our selves. Well, Let this goe by: For I thinke no man will gainesay this opinion, but that it is every way and simply better, for the Persians to have Horsemen of their owne. But hap∣ly yee thinke with your selves, How this may be brought about? If then, we desire to set up a Cavallery, let us take into our consideration what we have to∣ward it, and what we want? Horses we have these here, in number many, taken already in the Campe, bridles we have for to rule and keepe them in; with o∣ther things besides meet for those to occupie, that have horses. We have more∣over all that a man of Armes needeth to use: For defensive armour, brest plates to protect our bodies: For offensive weapons, Darts and Iavelins which wee may launce from us, or keepe still in our hands as we please. What lacke wee then? Belike, men we have need of: but of them we are best sped. For, no∣thing is so much our owne, as we our selves be ours. But peradventure, some man will say, we are not skilfull in horsemanship. Neither was there, I assure you, any one of them cunning in that which now they can skill of, before hee was taught the fear of it. And haply another will object and say, that they lear∣ned it when they were young children. But I pray you, good Sir, Whether are children more apt and of better capacitie, to learne such things as are told and shewed unto them, than men growne? or whether when they have lear∣ned them, are childrens bodies or mens, more able to put the same in practise? Now, for our selves wee have such opportunitie to learne, as neither children nor any other men have so much. For, wee shall not need to be taught the feat of shooting, as children are▪ considering that we know it already: not the sleight of darting; for wee can doe it well enough. Nor is it with us as with o∣ther men: who are, some, troubled about tillage and husbandry: others hin∣dred by trades, arts, and occupations: and some againe letted with domesticall affaires: Whereas wee, are not onely induced by time and leasure, to 〈◊〉〈◊〉 martiall feats, but also driven thereto upon necessitie. Moreover, it is not in this, as in many other warlike points, which may well be profitable, but yet are difficile and hard. For, is it not more easie and pleasant to ride our journeys, then to goe them on foot? When there is required expedition and speed, is it not a great pleasure, to be streightwaies with a mans friend? yea and in the pursuit of man or beast, quickly if need requires, to outstrip and inercept them? Is not this also very handsome and convenient, that what armour soever is to be worne or weapon borne, a mans horse should carry both it and him? For, truly it is all one to weare, and to beare the same. Now for that, which we may seeme to feare most, namely-least if wee be put of necessitie, to try the fortune of a battaile on horsebacke, before wee have atteined to the exquisite skill of riding, wee prove neither good footmen nor sufficient horsemen: This is not so hard a matter but it may be well avoided. For, when and wheresoever we list, we may soone alight and fight on foot: neither shall we in learning to ride, forget our footmanship or the service thereto belonging. Thus spake Cy∣rus: and Chrysanta••as seconding his speech, delivered his mind after this sort.

CHAP. VIII.

How Cyrus by the counsell and advise of his most politick Captaines, ordeined in 〈◊〉〈◊〉 armie, a troupe of Horsemen, serving upon the Assyrians horses: and intended to set at large all his prisoners.

TRVLY for mine owne part, quoth he, so desirous I am to learn•• the feat of riding, that were I once a horseman, I would thinke that ever after I had wings and flew. For now, being as I am, it would content me passing well, if striving a-vie with any man to run a race on even ground, I could but get afore him by the head, and if seeing a wild beast running by me, I might so aime mine arrow or levell my dart as to strike and hit him, before he be gotten a great way of. But were I set once on horsebacke, I should be able to kill a man, so farre of as I could see him, and in chacing of wild beasts, I would not doubt to confront and kill some at hand, to strike others also aloofe with my javelin, as if they stood still. For, although man and beast both of them run swiftly, yet drawing nigh togither, they seeme as though they stood. And verily mee thinks of all living creatures I can admire most and wish to re∣semble the Hippocentaures, if ever any such were; as who in fore-cast, used mens prudence in managing that which was to be done, their hands: in taking that which fled, and in overthrowing whatsoever stayed and stood still, the swiftnesse and strength of an horse. Therefore, if I were an horseman, I would I trow be furnished with all these togither. For, having humane reason and un∣derstanding of mine owne, I mought bee able to foresee all: in my hands I should be able to beare and weld my weapons: with my horse-feet to pursue, and with his strength, to lay my concurrent along. Neither yet should I be so conjoyned and growne togither unto my horse, as Hippocentaures are. And indeed better is it, thus to be, than so united and concorporate. For, the Hip∣pocentaures I suppose, were ignorant, how to use many good things invented by men, as also how to enjoy many pleasures and delights, which horses natu∣rally have: whereas I, having learned once to ride, shall whiles I am on horse∣backe, performe in some sort what belongs to an Hippocentaure: and when I am alighted on foot, dine and suppe, weare my clothes, and doe as other men doe: what else therefore shall I be but an Hippocentaure divided one while, and compounded againe another while? Besides, in this one point more, I shall have the vantage of an Hippocentaure and excell him. For whereas he saw be∣fore him with two eyes, and heard with two eares onely, I certeinly shall guesse at things with foure eyes, and have the ynkling and intelligence of them by the meanes of foure eares. For, it is said, that an horse, by the fore-sight of his eye, warneth a man of many occurrents, yea and advertiseth him no lesse, by the foreknowledge that he hath with his eares. Enroll mee therefore in the list with them, that would most gladly be horsemen. And us also, for Gods sake, said all the rest. Then Cyrus, Seeing we are so fully accorded, What if we make a law unto our selves, that it shall be a shamefull reproch, for any of them to whom I shall give horses, to be seene abroad on foote, be the journey that they take, great or small? that men may thinke us to bee very Hippocentaures in∣deed? Thus when he had proposed this law, they all gave their assent and ena∣cted

the same. Hereupon it is, that ever since that time, unto this present day, there is not a man of worth and haviour among the Persians, seene by his good will to goe on foot. Thus debated they these matters, and discoursed as yee have heard. By which time it was past noone: and then, the Median and Hyr∣canian horsemen, came riding towards them, bringing both horses and men whom they had taken prisoners. For, they did not put any one of them to the sword, who had delivered up their weapons. Being come, Cyrus demaunded of them, First, whether they were all safe? And when they answered yea▪ he asked them what they had exploited? Who made report of their service done: and how valiantly they had performed every thing in particular, they stucke not to set out to the full, in most brave words. Now when Cyrus had with plea∣sure heard all that they were disposed to relate, he fell afterwards to praising of them likewise, in these termes. Certes, it appeareth very well, my good friends, that yee have borne your selves right manfully. For, surely yee are now farre greater, fairer and more terrible to see to, than heretofore. He enquired more∣over of them, how great a journey they had made? and whether the country were inhabited or no? Who made answer, that they had ridden over a great ground: that the land throughout was inhabited, and replenished with Sheepe, Goats, Neat, Horses, Corne and all good commodities. Then, quoth he, two things are we to looke unto. The one, that we may have the soveraintie over them who possesse this wealth: the other, that they remaine where they be. For a countrey well peopled is a rich possession and worth much: whereas, if the same lye desert and abandoned of men, it must needs be destitute also of all good things. I know full well, that slaine yee have those which made resi∣stance: Wherein yee did well, I assure you (for this is it that chiefely main∣teineth victory) but such as yeelded yee have taken prisoners and brought a∣way: Whom if we let goe, wee shall, as I thinke, doe well for our owne be∣halfe. For, first we need not now to take order how to beware of them, how to keepe them in safe custodie, or to finde them food, and with hunger truly we will never kill them. Then, if wee set these at libertie, we shall still meet with more captives. For, Conquer wee once the country, all the dwellers therein will be our captives. Yea and the rest will the sooner tarry, chusing rather to obey, than to fight it out, if they see these remaining alive and let goe at large. This is mine opinion. If any man see farther into the businesse, let him speake his minde. But they having heard his advise, agreed, that the same should be done accordingly. Cyrus therefore calling unto him the said priso∣ners, spake thus unto them.

CHAP. IX.

The speech of Cyrus to the Assyrian prisoners at their deliverance.

YEE have now Sirs for this time saved your lives, by yeelding obedi∣ence: and if hereafter yee doe likewise, there shall no hurt befall unto you: unlesse it be this, That the same Prince shall not be your Ruler who was heretofore. For otherwise, the same houses yee shall inhabit, the same land yee shall till, with the same wives yee shall cohabit, and as ye doe at this present, of your owne children yee shall have the government. But against

us, yee shall not beare armes, no, nor against any other whomsoever. And if any one beside doe offer you injury, we will our selves be sure in your quarrell and defense to fight. And, for our securitie that no man shall sollicite and excite you to take any warre in hand, present your armour here unto us. Looke, how many of you bring the same in, they shall have peace, and all things before named without fraud or covin. But whosoever shall not lay downe their war∣like armes, upon them will we warre out of hand. Will any one of you come to us in friendly manner, and be seene either to performe any action and to teach us ought? him will we entertaine, and intreat, as one deserving well of us: as a friend I say, and in no wise as a slave. Thus much, quoth he, would I have you both to know, your selves, and also to intimate unto others. Now if yee for your parts be willing to condiscend hereunto, and yet some other will not con∣sent, lead yee us against those, to the end that we may rule them, and not they us. When he had thus said, they with great reverence did obeisance unto him, and withall promised so to doe. After that they were departed, Cyrus spake in this wise, It is time now ô yee Medes and Armenians both, that we all goe to our suppers. And behold, we have prepared for you the best cheere we could get. Goe your wayes therefore and send us halfe your bread that is purveied and ready made, for there is sufficient provided for both. As for* 1.9 meat beside and drinke send us none. For we have thereof with us enough prepared alrea∣dy. And yee Hyrcanians, quoth he, bring these men to their lodgings; the chiefe and principall Commaunders to the best and largest, (yee know whither well enough) the rest as yee shall thinke most meet and convenient. Take yee also your suppers your selves where yee best like. For, the tents are kept safe and untouched for you, and therein is provision to serve you as well as them. And this know yee both, that for all matters without doores, wee will for you keepe watch and ward this night: Looke yee your selves to those things that are within the pavilions, and therein bestow your harnois and weapons. For, they be not yet our friends all, that are in the said tents. So the Medes and Ti∣granes his souldiers washed (for all things were prepared to their hands) and af∣ter they had shifted their clothes went to supper. Their horses also had forage and provender enough. Moreover they sent unto the Persians of their bread halfe a loafe to every one: but neither cates* 1.10 nor wine thereto did they send: supposing that Cyrus and his companie had sufficient thereof, because himselfe had said, he was well stored therewith. But indeed Cyrus meant by* 1.11 Cates, Hunger, and by drinke, the water of the river running thereby. Then Cyrus having caused the Persians to take their suppers, for that now by this time the night drew on, sent many of them divers wayes by five and ten in a company, commaunding them to lye close and in covert round about the tents. For, thus he thought, that these would serve both as a good watch and guard, to keepe backe any that from without attempted to enter in: and also by this meanes whosoever intended to make an escape out of the campe, and convey money away with them, they should be intercepted and taken in the manner. And even so in very truth it fell out. For, many fled, and many were apprehended. As for the money found about them, Cyrus left it behind, for those to have, who had taken paines to attach them, but the men themselves he caused to bee killed: Whereby it came to passe afterwards, that you could not easily, would you never so faine, have found one going out of the Campe by night. Thus

verily the Persians bestowed their time: whereas the Medes fell all the while to drinking, banquetting, piping and revelling in all kinde of jollitie to the full. For so many things and of such varietie were taken, as that the watchmen had worke enough, to employ themselves thereabout.

CHAP. X.

How Cyaxares envied the glory of Cyrus: and was wroth with the Medes. The answer that Cyrus made to him, and the Embassage which hee sent into Persia.

TO returne now unto Cyaxares the King of the Medes. He the very night that Cyrus made this rode forth, dranke himselfe drunke, togither with those who conversed with him and were quartered about him (like as in time of prosperity,) and also thought that the other Medes were all in their tents, except some few, because he heard so great a noise. For, the Medes do∣mesticke servants, as whose masters were now gone forth and absent, fell to quaffing riotously, yea and kept a great stirre with much howting, The rather, for that out of the Assyrians armie and campe they had sped themselves with wine and many other such things. But when it was day, and not one repaired into the Presence within his Royall Pavilion, but such as supped with the King overnight: and* 1.12 hearing withall, that the Campe was void of Medes and their horses: seeing also when he went out himselfe, that so it was: then fumed he and chafed both against Cyrus and the Medes also, for that they were departed and had left him desolate: whereupon he gave commaundement forthwith, (as he was, by report, cruell and* 1.13 unreasonable,) to one of those about him, to take his owne troupe of horsemen, and in all hast to ride unto Cyrus his host, and in his name to deliver this message. I did not thinke, that either you Cyrus, would have dealt with me so inconsiderately: nor if Cyrus had beene so minded, that yee Medes would ever have left me in this manner solitary. Now therefore if Cyrus will, be it so: But whether he will or no, See that yee with all speed make repaire unto me. Thus commaunded he. But the Captaine appointed to goe with this errand, replied thus unto him, And how, quoth he, my* 1.14 Lord shall I find them out? Why! quoth Cyaxares, How did Cyrus and those with him find out them to whom they went? Because Sir, quoth he, I heare say, that certaine Hyrcanians revolted from the enemies, and being hither come, went away as guides to conduct them in their journey. When Cyaxares heard this, he was much more wroth and angry with Cyrus, because hee had not acquainted him therewith: and he made the more hast to send unto the Medes, thereby to leave Cyrus more naked and destitute: And so, with greater menaces than before, hee cited the Medes peremptorily. Threatning the Captaine afore∣said likewise, if he delivered not this message stoutly and in sharpe termes. So, tooke he his leave that was sent, accompanied with some hundred horsemen of his owne, being angry in his heart that he went not himselfe this voyage with Cyrus. Now, as they were upon their journey, by reason of certaine turnings where the waies were divided, they chaunced upon a wrong by-lane, and so wandred out of the right way they wist not whither: in so much as they could not come unto Cyrus his armie, untill they hapned upon some of the Assyrians

whom they constrained to be their guides. By this meanes having espied the fires, they came thither about mid-night. Now, when they approached hard to the campe, the watchmen, according as they had in charge from Cyrus, would not let them in before day. But by day-breake Cyrus first sent for the* 1.15 Magi, whom hee commaunded to chuse forth, according to the usuall and solemne manner, offrings unto the Gods, for so good successe and so rich booties. And whiles they were busied hereabout, himselfe assembled the Peeres, and thus un∣to them said. My Friends and Countrimen, God presenteth unto us many good things; But we ô Persians, are at this time too few, for to have and hold the same. For, whether it be, that whatsoever we have gotten, because we shall not be able to keepe, the same must returne againe into the hands of others: or whe∣ther we leave some of our owne forces for the custodie of our winnings, it will be soone seene, that little or no strength remaineth with us: I thinke it good therefore, that one of you should with all speed go into Persia, both to enforme the State what I say, and to will them, with all expedition to send a power, in case the Persians desire to have the Dominion, and enjoy the fruits of Asia. Goe you therefore quoth he to one, Goe you I say that are most auncient, and being thither come deliver thus much: and say moreover, that how many souldiers so ever they send, after they become unto me, I will care for their finding and maintenance. What we have, your selfe seeth: and conceale I advise you no∣thing thereof. Of all this pillage here, what oblation I may send especially in∣to Persia, in decent manner and lawfully, (as pertaining to the Gods,) enquire that of my father; but as concerning the Common-wealth, consult with the chiefe Magistrates. Moreover, let them send certaine Overseers of what we doe: as also expositours unto us of such points as we aske and demaund. Thus quoth he make you ready, and take your owne* 1.16 band to accompanie you. This done, he called unto him the Medes. And at the same instant was the messenger above∣said of Cyaxares brought in and had audience. Who in the presence and hearing of them all, declared the indignation of Cyaxares against Cyrus, as also his threats unto the Medes. In conclusion, he said, That Cyaxares commaunded the Medes to depart, [from Cyrus] although he would have them to tarry: Which mes∣sage when the Medes heard, they kept silence, being in doubt and perplexity how they might disobey him, sending for them in this manner: and fearing as much on the other side, how to obey him menacing thus as he did; espe∣cially knowing his cruell nature. Then Cyrus, For mine owne part quoth hee, you the Messenger, and yee my Friends the Medes, I nothing marvaile, if Cy∣axares seeing our enemies then, to be so many, and not knowing now what we doe, be much troubled both for us and also for himselfe. But when hee shall once understand, that a number of our enemies be slaine and all the rest put to slight: First he will give over his feare, and afterwards acknowledge, that hee is not now left desolate when as his Friends thus destroy his foes. And how are we blame-worthy deserving so well of him, and namely enterprising nought of our owne heads? For, I perswaded himselfe, first to licence me to take you out with me in this journey: and yee againe, not as men very desirous to bee gone, asked him whether yee might goe forth? And so, come hither now yee are in deed; but commanded by him to goe forth, so many at least wise of you as thought not much and were not unwilling thereto. And therefore, as∣sured I am, that this anger of his will both upon these good exploits of ours be

concocted, and also with the ceassing of his feare vanish away and come to no∣thing. And you good messenger, quoth hee, for this time, because you have travailed hard and are weary, rest your selfe. As for you Persians, For that we expect these our enemies will be here, either to fight it our, or else to yeeld, let vs be bravely appointed in the best manner; for being thus seene, great likeli∣hood there is, that we sooner shall effect what we desire. As to you the Prince of the Hyrcanians, tarry you here, and commaund the Captains of your souldiers to see them armed. Which when the Hyrcanian Prince had done accordingly and was come vnto him: I take great pleasure [my Lord] quoth Cyrus, to per∣ceive, that not onely you are here present to shew your friendship, but also that you seeme unto me wise and politick. And verily, at such a time as this, the same I am certaine may much availe us. For, as the Assyrians be mine enemies, so they are now more malicious to you than to me. We are therefore on both parts so to consult, as that of those our Allies which be now present, none re∣volt from us; and that we may, if possible it be, procure more to side with us. Yee have heard how this* 1.17 Median here calleth away the Horsemen home: and if they depart, how shall we footmen onely remaine behind? Wherefore, both yee and I must order the matter so, that this messenger who thus calleth for them away, may be willing himselfe to stay with us. Doe you therefore find out a Pavilion and appoint it for him, wherein he may keepe and live right gal∣lantly, as being furnished with all necessaries whatsoever. For mine owne part, I shall devise to set the man about such businesse, as wherein hee will be more willingly employed, than depart from hence. Discourse you with him, what hope there is of great availes comming toward us and all our friends, if those matters speed well which are meet to bee performed. When you have thus done, repaire eftsoones unto me. So the Hyrcanian Potentate went his way and brought the said Median unto his tent. And the messenger addressed for Persia was there present, prest and ready to take his journey. Vnto him Cyrus gave in charge, For to say unto the Persians, what was declared in the former confe∣rence, but unto Cyaxares to deliver letters. And I will saith he, read unto you what I writ, that you may bee both privy thereto, and also able to avow the same, if any one doe enquire of you as touching their contents.

CHAP. XI.

The Missive of Cyrus to Cyaxares.

NOw the tenour of the said Epistle was this: Cyrus to Cyaxares Greeting. Neither have we left you desolate, [good Vnkle,] (For no man is then destitute of friends when he hath the upper hand of his enemies) nor in departing from you thinke we, that wee exposed you to any daunger. But the farther that we are from you, the more in our conceit wee worke your safety. For, they that keepe neerest unto their friends, provide not alwaies best for their security: but such as drive their enemies farthest of, those be they that set their friends in greatest surety. Consider moreover, how I have carried my selfe to∣wards you, and in what sort againe, you have dealt with me. Then, complaine of me and spare not. For my selfe, I brought unto you Auxiliaries and Con∣federates, not so many as you perswaded, but as many as possibly I could. And

you verily, whiles I was yet in our friends countrey, graunted unto me as many as I could by perswasion win: But now whiles I am in the enemies land, you call away not every voluntarie, but generally all without exception. Certes, at that time I thought my selfe beholden both to you and them: whereas now; you force me as to forget you, so to endeavour all that ever I can, to thanke and requite those wholly, that followed me: Howbeit for all this, I can not be like unto you. But even at this present, sending as I doe into Persia for an armie, I charge as many as shall come unto me, that, before they repaire unto us, if you stand in any need of them, they doe you service, not as they will themselves, but as it pleaseth you to employ them. And withall, I would advise you, youn∣ger though I be than your selfe, not to revoke your gifts, and take those things away which you have once given, least in stead of thanks, evill will and heart-burning be your guerdon: nor to summon in minatory maner, when you would have any one to repaire speedily unto you: ne yet when you give out, that you are forlorne, withall to threaten many; for feare, you teach them to vilipend and set light by you. As for us, we will doe our best to be with you so soone as we have with all expedition performed those exploits, which being once at∣chieved, we are perswaded will redound indifferently to the profit of us both. Farewell. Deliver this letter unto him, saith Cyrus; and if he aske you concer∣ning any of these points, answer accordingly to that which is therein written. For, as touching the Persians also I give you commission to doe as it is set down in writing. When he had thus said and given him the missive, he sent him away, with a charge so to make hast, as he knew that his speedy returne would be ex∣pedient. After this, immediately he tooke a survey of the Hyrcanians and Ti∣granes his souldiers all in armes: The Persians likewise were armed. By which time also certaine of the marches brought away their horses and presented their armour and weapons. But those hee willed to fling away their javelins into that place whither he had before commaunded the rest: and such as were ap∣pointed thereto, for to set them on fire, as many I meane, as they themselves had no need of. As for the horses, he charged those that brought them, to keep, and to tarry still themselves, untill some notice were given unto them what they should doe. But to the Captaines of the Horsemen and to the Hyrcanians, whom he assembled together, he made this oration.

CHAP. XII.

The oration of Cyrus directing his souldiours how they should part the spoilos: Also, how he mounted the Persians on Horsebacke.

MErvaile not my good Friends and loving Confederates, that I call you so often togither: For seeing our present state and condition is new, many occurrents therein are disordered and out of frame. And looke, what things be out of order, the same of necessity make worke for new trouble, untill they be well settled in their due place: At this time, much treasure wee have gotten, many men besides taken prisoners. And because neither wee our selves doe know, what goods properly belong to every of us, nor they, what severally they be owners and masters of: therefore a man shall hardly see very

many of them doing what they ought to doe: but all of them in manner, doubt∣full what is to be done. To redresse therefore this inconvenience, divide the said goods; and whosoever hath received a tent, stored sufficiently with meate and drinke, with servitours to attend, with hangings and counterpoints, with appa∣rell, with other furniture and implements, meete for a warlike Pavilion to bee dwelt in conveniently, thereto verily needeth no other addition but this, that the receiver know, he is to take charge of these things, as if they were his owne: but whose chaunce is it to meet with tents unfurnished of many necessaries, it is your part to see unto them, and to supply their wants. Certes, there will be yet, of many things, I know, a surplusage. For, our enemies had of all sorts above the proportion of our number. There came moreover unto me the Treasurers of the Assyrian King, and of the other Potentates, who said, they had under their hands gold in ready coine: making mention therewith, of certaine, tributes. Proclaime therefore and commaund, that they bring forth all before you, wheresoever yee sit downe and make abode: Terrifie them withall, in case any one doe not according to your commaundement. Now, when yee have recei∣ved the same monies: deale the same, to every horsman a double share, to a foot∣man a single, that yee may have, what yee need, and wherewith also to buy somewhat beside. Moreover, let proclamation be made forthwith in the mer∣cate place within the Campe, that no man wrong another. Also, that retailers and merchants may fell every man what wares and chaffer hee bringeth: and when he hath had utterance and made returne, that he fetch more, to the end that our campe may be well peopled and inhabited. And this verily they pro∣claimed out of hand.

But the Medes and, Hyrcanians, How shall wee, said they, without you and yours, distribute these things. To these words of theirs replied Cyrus in this manner: And are yee in deed, (my friends) of this mind, that when ought is to be done, we should all be present at every affaire? So that if either I negoti∣ate for you in any businesse requisite, or yee deale for me, wee shall not satisfie and content one another? And by what other meanes, shall we busie our selves more, and effect lesse, than by this? But, consider I pray you, quoth he, we have here kept these things for you, and yee beleeve, I doubt not that they have been well kept. Semblably, distribute yee the same: and wee will likewise beleeve, that they are very well distributed: and even so in other things againe, we will endeavour to doe somewhat else for the good of all in publike. First therefore quoth he, See how many horses we have here? and how many are a bringing to us? If we suffer them to be without riders, they will serve us in no stead, but put us to trouble in keeping of them. But if we set men upon their backs, wee shall be rid of trouble, end withall, augment our owne strength. Now if ye know any other to bestow them upon, with whom yee would more willingly hazard your selves and enter into daunger (if need be) than with us, let those have them. But if yee had lei••er that we stand to you and helpe at a pinch, before all other, give them unto us. For, erewhile, when yee made a rode and adventured with∣out us, yee did put us greatly in feare, that all was not well with you: and be∣sides, yee caused us to be much affraied for that wee were not where yee were. But if we receive horses, follow you we will: and if, fighting on horsebacke to∣gither with you, we may be thought to doe you better service; there shall be no courage not forwardnesse wanting on our behalfe. But, in case we shall be

thought to stand you in better stead on foot: soone will we alight from our hor∣ses, and straight waies be with you as footmen: and as for our horses, devise we will whom to deliver them unto. Thus said he: and thereto they made answer in this wise. Wee, Cyrus, neither have men to backe these horses, nor if we had seeing it is your mind so to have it, would we preferre any course to be taken be∣fore this. Here therefore take you these horses unto you, and doe with them what you thinke good. I accept them, quoth Cyrus, & in the name of God, and ina lucky houre be it spoken, Let us from henceforth become men of armes: and now divide yee the common spoile. But first and formost quoth he, call out of the whole for the Gods, what the* 1.18 Sages [or Priests] shall direct you unto. Then, set by for Cyaxares that wherein yee thinke to gratifie him most. Where∣upon, they smiled and said: Then must we needs chuse out for him some faire and beautifull Ladies. Goe to then, quoth he, select those women, and what else yee please. And when as yee Hyrcanians have made choise for him, See what lieth in you, quoth he, That all these Medes who so willingly on their owne accord have followed me, have no cause to complaine. Yee Medes like∣wise, esteeme and honour these who became our first Associates, that they may thinke they have done well for themselves in siding with us and seeking our friendship. Moreover set out some part of every thing, for the messenger sent from Cyaxares, both for himselfe and also for his traine. Intreat him likewise to stay a while with us, saying, that I would very faine have it so: to the end, that when he hath better intelligence of every thing, he may relate the truth unto Cyaxares. As for the Persians, quoth he, that are about me. Whatsoever re∣maines, as superfluous, when your selves be gallantly furnished, the same shall suffice them. For, we I may tell you, have not beene over want only brought up in deinty delicates, but after an homely and rusticall manner: whereby, haply, yee would make good game at us, if any rich or goodly apparell were hung up∣on us: like as, quoth he, I wote well we should make you very good sport, and moove you to laugh right heartily, as we sit on horsebacke, and namely, as I sup∣pose, when we take falls and lie along on the ground. After this, they for their parts went to the division of the booty, laughing heartily at this mention of ri∣ding and horsemanship. But Cyrus having sent for the Centurions, commaunded them to take the horses togither with their harnoise and keepers, to take them I say by tale, equall in number to the souldiers, as they fell out by lot unto them, according to their bands and companies. He caused also proclamation to bee made, that if there were any slave in the armie of the Assyrians, Syrians or Arabi∣ans, or out of Media, Bactriana, Caria, Cilicia and Greece, or from other countries whatsoever, by force brought thither, he should shew himselfe. Which pro∣clamation being heard: many willingly made their appearance. Then Cyrus chose out of them those that were* 1.19 best favoured, and said unto them, That be∣ing now become free, they were to beare armes and weapons, such as hee would put into their hands; and for other necessaries he promised to take order, that they should have sufficient. So he brought them directly to the Centuri∣ons, unto whom he recommended them, with commaundement, to deliver un∣to them, light bucklers and* 1.20 slender swords: that having the same about them they might follow with the horses: and to receive for them allowance of vi∣ctuals and other necessaries as well as for his owne countrimen the Persians. But the said Centurions with their cuiraces and launces, to be alwaies on horse∣backe,

wherein himselfe gave the first example: Also, that every one of them should set over the footmen of the Peeres, another Captain in stead of himselfe, so he were of the ranke of the Peeres aforesaid.

CHAP. XIII.

How Gobryas yeelded himselfe unto Cyrus, and related to him the dis∣asterous calamitie of his sonne: and required revenge for his death, upon the King of Assyria: which Cyrus promised to doe.

WHILES they were busied about these affaires, Gobryas the Assy∣rian an aged man, shewed himselfe on horsebacke with a brave re∣tinue of his men of Armes. And all these had bard horses, fur∣nished with armes and other equipage accordingly. Now those* 1.21 officers whose commission it was to receive the aforesaid armes and weapons, commaunded him and his companie to deliver up unto them their launces, that they might burne them as they did the rest. But Gobryas said, that hee was desirous to see Cyrus first. Whereupon the said officers, leaving all his other Horsemen be∣hind, brought Gobryas in person before Cyrus: who when he saw Cyrus, spake thus unto him. My Lord, I am by birth an Assyrian. A strong Castle I hold, and have the soveraine rule of a large territory. With a thousand horse I ser∣ved the Assyrian King, whom I friended loyally, no man more. Now sithence his hap hath beene (good Prince as he was) to be slaine by you; and seeing his sonne my most mortall enemie succeedeth him in the Empire; I am come unto you, humbly kneeling and falling downe prostrate at your feet. And here I yeeld and submit my selfe unto you, as your vassall, ready to doe you service, beseeching you to revenge my wrongs, and as much as lyeth in me, I adopt you for my sonne, as having no issue male of mine owne body begotten. For, the onely sonne and heire that I had, (my Lord) who, though I say it, was a gallant young Gentleman and vertuous withall, one who loved and honoured mee so as any child might doe, and by that dutifull honour make me his father a most happie man, him this Prince who now doth reigne, when as the late King his father had sent for him, intending to bestow upon my sonne, his owne daughter in marriage (and verily when I sent him from mee, I carried my head aloft, as one who looked to see my sonne another day affied to a Kings daugh∣ter) him I say the King that now is permitted to hunt and chace the best hee could, as counting himselfe a better horseman than he was by many degrees. So hee hunted with him as with his very friend. And when there was a Beare rowzed in sight and both of them followed the Game, the Prince who now reigneth, slung his dart from him, and as ill lucke was missed. But that sonne of mine, (alas the while) launced likewise, and in an ill houre, ywis, and un∣seasonably, hit his marke and overthrew the Beare. Whereat, for the present verily, the other (vexed though he was) kept in his envie. Againe, when upon the presenting of a Lion which encountred them, hee failed the second time (which was as I thinke no great mervaile) my sonne likewise as before, hapned to kill the Lion outright: and thereupon said, Certes, twice now togither have I darted and both times strucken, and laid the beasts along. Then verily at

that word, the wicked wight could no longer dissemble and conteine his envie, but catching a Iavelin out of one of his followers hands, ranne him into the brest, and so bereft my liefe and onely sonne of his life. Thus I poore wretch, in stead of a* 1.22 Spouse brought away a dead Corps; and aged as I was, enter∣red my best and deerest beloved sonne, in the very flowre of his yeeres, even when the Downe of his beard began to bud forth. But the murderer, as if he had slaine some mortall enemie, neither shewed at any time one token of repen∣tance: nor yet for this wicked act of his vouchsafed the dead now under ground any honour at all. His fat••er verily I must needs say, rued my wofull case, and openly shewed that he had a fellow-feeling of my calamitie. And there∣fore, had he lived still, I should never have come to you for to worke him any woe. For, hee was my singular good Lord, and many favours there passed from him to me ward, and I againe was his liege man and a faithfull servitour. But, seeing the Kingdome is now devolved upon the slayer of my sonne: sure∣ly, neither can I ever be well minded unto him, nor can he, I wore well, thinke that ever I will be his friend. For, well hee knoweth, how my heart standeth affected to him ward: and that as heretofore I lived merrily, so now despoyled of my sonne, I lead mine old age in sorrow and heavinesse. If it will please you therefore, to enterteine mee so, as that I may conceive some hope by your meanes to be revenged in any measure for my deere sonnes death, then shall I thinke my selfe to waxe young againe, and neither seeme to live with disho∣nour, nor to die in dolour.

When Gobryas had thus said, Cyrus made answere in this manner. If it may appeare, my Gobryas, that you thinke in heart, as you have spoken with your lips: I both receive you graciously as an humble suppliant, and also promise with the helpe of God to punish the murderer accordingly. But tell me now, quoth he, In case we doe thus much for you, and withall suffer you to be pos∣sessed still, of your* 1.23 walled forts, your country, and your armour, yea and to hold that power and authoritie which heretofore you have held, what service will you performe for all these favours? Who answered thus. My strong holds are at your commaund: and whensoever it pleaseth you, render them up to you I will, that you may dwell therein. The tribute issuing out of my Lands, which I payd to him, the same will I transferre and bring unto you. Whenso∣ever you shall need to make an expedition, I will goe to warfare with you, bringing with mee the forces of my country. I have besides, a daughter, a young damosell and a virgin, whom I love full deerely; and marriageable now shee is. Whom heretofore I thought to cherrish and bring up, to be a wife for this new King. But now, my daughter, with many teares and humbly up∣on her knees besought mee, not to bestow her upon the murderer of her bro∣ther. And of the same minde I also am. Now therefore I give you good leave, to deliberate of her no otherwise, than I my selfe would be thought to consult concerning you. Hereupon, Cyrus, In regard, quoth he, of these Capitualtions, and in confirmation thereof I give here unto you, truly and from my heart my right hand, and likewise take yours agai••e. The Gods bee witnesses betwixt us both.

After these contracts passed, Cyrus commaunded Gobryas to depart with his armour: and withall enquired of him how great a journey it was to the place of his abode? as minding to hold his progresse thither. If, quoth he, you set

out to morrow betimes in the morning, the next day after, you may lodge in my house. So Gobryas departed, leaving behind him a guide for the way. By this time also were the Medes come, having allowed unto the* 1.24 Magi what especiall things soever they said should bee put apart for the Gods. Chosen they had besides, First, for Cyrus a most goodly tent, also a Susian Ladie, who had the name to be the fairest in all Asia, and two Chanteresses most skilfull in Musicke. Secondarily, for Cyaxares, the same in kinde, but of a second sort. Moreover, they sped themselves to the full of other commodities as they needed, to the end they might want nothing whiles they warred. For, great plentie there was of all things. The Hyrcanians likewise tooke what∣soever they stood in need of, yea and the Messenger of Cyaxares they permit∣ted to share equally with the rest. As for those Pavilions which remained over and above, they delivered into the hands of Cyrus, for the use and behoofe of the Persians. As touching the money in coine, they said, they would then make partage thereof when they had gathered in all. Which duly they per∣formed. Well, thus they did, and thus they said. As concerning the portion selected for Cyaxares, Cyrus gave order to such as he knew to be most inward and familiar with him, for to receive and keepe the same safe. Now for those gifts, quoth hee, which yee conferre upon mee, I take them willingly. Yet, whose minde soever among you all stands most thereunto, hee shall use the same with all my heart. Then a certeine Median, who loved Musicke ve∣ry well. Truly Cyrus, quoth he, when I heard these musicall women sing whom now you have, I tooke great delight in hearing them. And if you would be so good as to bestow one of them upon mee, I should thinke it a greater plea∣sure to be a souldier here in the Campe, than to carry at home. Then, quoth Cyrus, and I give her thee with all my heart: yea and I take my selfe to be more beholden unto thee, for craving, than thou to me for having her of mee. So desirous am I to gratifie you all. Thus he that requested the woman, had her for his owne.

Notes

• * 1.1

  〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉
• * 1.2

  Armenians Medes, and Hyrcanian.
• * 1.3

  〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉
• * 1.4

  or Cent••••e.
• * 1.5

  Of the ••••••∣mies.
• * 1.6

  〈…〉〈…〉.
• * 1.7

  Or, Wagons
• * 1.8

  Ligbies
• * 1.9

  〈…〉〈…〉
• * 1.10

  Cate
• * 1.11

  〈◊〉〈◊〉
• * 1.12

  Cyaxares.
• * 1.13

  Witlesse, or undiscreete 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.
• * 1.14

  or Liege, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.
• * 1.15

  Priest
• * 1.16

  〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 a com∣pany of a hun∣dred, sometime a crue of ten or twelue.
• * 1.17

  Captaine or Messenger.
• * 1.18

  〈◊〉〈◊〉
• * 1.19

  〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 or, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉
• * 1.20

  〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 or, nak••••
• * 1.21

  or Sergeants. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉
• * 1.22

  B••idegroom. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉
• * 1.23

  〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉
• * 1.24

  Priests.