The historie of Xenophon containing the ascent of Cyrus into the higher countries. VVherein is described the admirable iourney of ten thousand Grecians from Asia the Lesse into the territories of Babylon, and their retrait from thence into Greece, notwithstanding the opposition of all their enemies. Whereunto is added a comparison of the Roman manner of warres with this of our time, out of Iustus Lipsius. Translated by Ioh. Bingham.

THE SEVENTH BOOKE OF THE HISTORIE OF XENOPHON, TOVCHING THE Ascent of CYRVS the younger, out of Asia the Lesse, into the Higher COVNTREYS. (Book 7)

WHat the Grecians did in their Ascent with Cyrus vntill the battell, and what, after Cyrus was slaine, in their iourney till they came into Pontus, and what marching on Foot, and sailing out of Pontus, till they had passed the mouth of Pontus, and came to Chrysopolis in Asia, is described in the former discourse. After this Pharnabazus fearing that the Armie would inuade his gouernment sent to Anaxibius the Admirall (who then happened to be at Byzantium) and desired him to transport it out of Asia,* 1.1 promising him in that respect to doe, whatsoeuer he required at his hands. Anaxibius sent for the Coronels and Captaines to Byzantium promising to giue them pay, if they would come ouer to him. The other Coronels said,* 1.2 they would aduise, and returne him answer. But Xenophon answered, that he purposed to leaue the Armie, and saile away.* 1.3 Anaxibius com∣manded him first to come ouer with the Armie, and gaue him libertie to depart afterward at his pleasure; which Xenophon assented vnto. In the meane time Seuthes the Thracian sent Medosades,* 1.4 and desired Xenophon to be a meanes and furtherance to the transportation of the Armie, adding he should not repent himselfe in so doing. Xenophon answered, that the Armie without all question was to come ouer, and in regard thereof Seuthes need not giue any thing either to him, or to any man else. After the transportation, quoth he, I am to depart. Let him therefore addresse himselfe in such sort, as he thinketh best, to those, that remaine behinde, and shall be most for his purpose. So all the Armie came ouer to Byzan∣tium. Anaxibius gaue them not pay according to his promise,* 1.5 but made

proclamation,* 1.6 that taking their Armes and baggage, they should depart out of the Citie, as if he had a purpose to send them away, and to take muster of them. Hereupon the Souldiers we•••• disco••ten••, because they wanted money to make prouision for their iourney, and they made no great ha••••e in trussing vp their baggage. Xe••••ph•••• being become now a Guest to Cleander the Gouernour, went to him and saluted him, hauing in minde ••o take shipping presently. You shall not doe so, ••oth he: If you doe, you will be blamed: For alreadie they lay the fault vpon you, that the Armie is so slow in departing the Citie. Yet am not I in fault, quoth Xenophon: For the Souldiers wanting victuall and money for their iourney, are in that regard loth to leaue the Citie. Yet would I counsell you, quoth he, to goe out, as though you meant to march with them, and when the Armie is out of the Gates, to depart, whither you list. Let vs goe then to Anaxibius▪ quoth Xenophon, and take order accor∣dingly. Comming to him they told, what they had resolued. He willed them so to doe, and that the Souldiers should presently issue with their baggage; and further to signifie, that whosoeuer appeared not at the musters, and view to be taken, should thanke himselfe, if any thing fell out contrarie to his expectation.* 1.7 Hereupon the Coronels first went out, and after them the rest; and now were all out but a few, and Ereo••••••s stood at the Gates readie to shut them and put in the barre, assoone as all were gone. Anaxibius calling then the Coronels and Captaines to him, said: For prouision, you may take it out of the Thracian Villages. There shall you finde plentie of Barley, and of Whea••, and other victuall. Af∣ter you are furnished, march on to Cherronesus, where Cynisous shall giue you your pay. Some of the Souldiers ouer-heard these words, or else some of the Captaines reported them to the Armie. The Coronels as∣ked Seuthes,* 1.8 whether the Countrey were enemie, or friend, and whether they were to march ouer the holy Mountaine, or in circle thorow the middest of Thrace. During this conference the Souldiers snatching vp their Armes ran with full speed to the Gates,* 1.9 minding to enter within the Wals. Et••onicus and those with him, when they saw the armed come running,* 1.10 shut the Gates, and made fast the barre. The Souldiers beat at the Gates crying, they were extremely wronged, thus to be thrust out to the enemie, and threatned to breake the Gates asunder, if they opened them not of their owne accord. Other some ran along by the Sea side, and climbed vp the wall by the great stones, that were laid betwixt the Sea and the wall, to breake the violence of the waues. There were of the Souldiers, that remained yet within the Citie, who when they saw the stirre about the Gates,* 1.11 cut asunder the barres with axes, and set the Gates wide open. Xenophon beholding what was done, fearing left the Armie should fall to spoile,* 1.12 and worke inestimable damage to the Citie, to him, and to themselues, ran amongst the rest, and in the crowd was carried within the Gates. As soone as the Byzantians perceiued, that the Armie had entred the Citie by force, they fled out of the market-place, some toward the ships, some to their houses. They that were within the Citie

fled out, and some put the Gallies afloat, hoping to finde safetie in them. All accounted themselues lost, none otherwise, than if the City had beene taken by the enemie. Anaxibius fled to the Sea, taking a Fisher-boat, and recouered the Castle, from whence out of hand he sent for succour to Chalcedon, thinking the Garrison of the Castle insufficient to make the place good against the Armie. The Souldiers, when they saw Xenophon, said to him: Now (ô Xenophon) it is in your owne hands to make your selfe a man; you haue a Citie, you haue Gallies, you haue riches, you haue so many men; now, if you please, you may doe vs good, and we will make you great. You say well, quoth Xenophon,* 1.13 and I will follow your counsell; onely if this be your desire, put your selues in order of battell without delay. Both himselfe gaue this command, and he wil∣led the other Coronels to giue direction to imbattell the Souldiers, thereby to still and appease the vproare.* 1.14 They putting themselues in or∣der, the armed stood in short time fiftie deepe, and the Peltasts ran to both wings. The place was fit to embattell in, called Thracium, being void of houses, and an euen plot of ground. After they had laid downe their Armes, and were still, Xenophon called the army together, and made this speech vnto them:

I maruell not (ô Souldiers) that you are angry, & thinke you haue cause of discontent in regard of the deceit, that is vsed towards you. But if we giue reines to our anger, and seeke reuenge vpon the Lacedemonians, that are present, and put the Citie, that is blamelesse, to sacke, cast in your mindes, what will be the issue. And what kinde of war this will be, they may iudge, that haue seene, and remember the euents of things lately passed. For we, the Athenians, entred into war against the Lacedemonians, and their Allie••, being owners of no lesse, than foure hundred Gallies, which were in part abroad, in part in our Arsenall. And albeit that the Citie had much riches,* 1.15 and a yeerely re∣uenew arising from the Citizens, and from strangers, no lesse than 1000. talents, and besides was mistresse of all the Ilands, and possessed many Cities in Asia, many in Europe, and amongst the rest this Byzanti∣um it selfe, where we now are, yet were we ouercome, as you all know. Now then what can we expect to befall vs, the Lacedemonians and Achae∣ans being linked in societie, and the Athenians and all their confederates, that then were, being of the partie; Tissaphernes, and the other Barbari∣ans on the other side of the Sea our enemies, and the great King most of all other, whose kingdome we sought to bereaue him of, and to take his life, if we could. All these things being so, is any man so simple to con∣ceiue, that wee sh••ll haue the vpper hand? For Gods sake let vs not be franticke, nor cast away our selues shamefully in becomming enemy to our fathers, friends, and kinsfolke. For they liue all in the Cities, which will make warre against vs. Which warre will not want a iust ground, considering we sought not to possesse any Barbarian Citie, albeit we won them by force, and now we put to spoile the first Grecian Citie, to which we are arriued. For my part, I wish my selfe 1000. Fathoms vnder the ground, before I see so shamefull an act committed by you; and I

would counsell you, being Grecians, to seeke things right and iust not by force, but by obedience to them, that are rulers of the Grecians: which if you cannot obtaine, yet is it not fit, that because we are wronged, we should therefore depriue our selues of Greece. And now I am of opinion, that we are to signifie to Anaxibius, that we come into the Citie, not to vse any violence, but, if it might be, to obtaine some friendship at his hands: If not, to shew vnto him, that we depart not being deceiued, but obeying his command.

* 1.16 These things were decreed, and they sent away Hieronymus the Elaean, and Eurylochus the Arcadian, and Philesius the Achaean to deliuer the message. In the meane time, while they remained in the place, expecting their messengers returne, came Cyrotades a Theban, who was no banished man from Greece,* 1.17 but went from place to place de∣sirous to haue the command of an army, offering himselfe to any Citie or Nation, that needed a Generall. He then comming to the army, told them, he would lead them to that part of Thrace, which was called Delta, where they should inrich themselues with the spoile of the Coun∣trey: and if they would accept him for their Generall, he would bounti∣fully bestow meat and drinke vpon them. The Souldiers at the same time heard his proposition, and the message of Anaxibius, who returned answer,* 1.18 that they should neuer repent themselues of their obedience to him: for he said he would signifie it to the Magistrates of his Citie, and be readie to gratifie them to the vttermost of his power. Hereupon the Souldiers tooke Cyrotades for their Generall, and went out of the walles. Cyrotades appointed to be with the army, the next day bring∣ing with him sacrifice, a soothsayer, and meat, and drinke for the ar∣my. When they were departed the Citie, Anaxibius shut the gates, and made Proclamation, that whatsoeuer Souldier hee found in the Citie, hee would sell him as a slaue. The next day Cyrotades came with sacrifice, and a soothsayer; 20. men followed him laden with barley meale, other twenty with wine, three with oyle, one that bore as great a burden of Garlicke as he could, another of Onions. Laying these things downe, as it were to be diuided amongst the souldiers, he sacrifi∣ced. Xenophon in the meane sending to Cleander, desired him to get leaue for him to come within the walls, and to take shipping to saile from Bi∣zantium. Cleander came vnto him: With much adoe, quoth he, I haue obtained that which you desire. For Anaxibius said: it would not sute well, that Xenophon should be within the walls, and the Armie without so neere to the Citie;* 1.19 especially the Bizantians being at diuision amongst themselues, and ill-minded one against another. Notwithstanding he willed you to come in, if you minded to saile away with him. Xenophon saluting and bidding the Souldiers farewell, entred the Citie with Cle∣ander. Cyrotades found no good successe in his sacrifice the first day, nor did he distribute any thing to the Souldiers. The next day he brought the beast to the Altar, and stood crowned, as though he meant to sacri∣fice. Timasion the Dardanian, and Neon the Asinaean, and Cleanor the Or∣chomenian told Cyrotades, it would be in vaine to sacrifice in hope to be

Generall of the Armie, vnlesse he gaue prouision to maintaine them. He bid, that the prouision should be diuided amongst them;* 1.20 when he could not furnish out so much as would serue euery Souldier for one dayes prouision, he tooke his sacrifice with him, and renounced the Generals place. Neon the Asinaean, and Phryniscus the Achaian, and Timasion the Dardanian remained with the Armie, and leading it to the Thracian vil∣lages about Byzantium encamped there. The Coronels were diuided amongst themselues, Cleanor and Phryniscus wishing to leade the Armie to Seuthes (for he had wonne them, giuing the one a horse, the other a woman) Neon to Cherronesus, imagining, if they were vnder the Lacede∣monians, he should be chiefe Commander. Timasion the Dardanian was desirous to passe it ouer againe into Asia, hoping thereby to be restored to his countrey, which the Souldiers likewise desired. Much time being spent herein, many of the Souldiers selling their armes in the countrey thereabout forsooke the Armie, other dispersed themselues into the neighbour Cities. Anaxibius was filled with ioy, hearing that the Ar∣mie went to wracke. For that comming to passe, he conceiued he should gratifie Pharnabazus. Anaxibius now sailing from Byzantium encoun∣tred at Cyzicus Aristarchus the successor of Cleander gouernour of By∣zantium. He told Anaxibius, that Polus, his successor in the Admirals place, was only not arriued at Hellespont. Anaxibius willed Aristarchus, if he found any of Cyrus his Souldiers at Byzantium, he should sell them for slaues. Clearchus sold none; nay rather those that were sicke,* 1.21 he in pitie made much of, and compelled men to take them into their houses. But Aristarchus hasting to Byzantium, as soone as he came there, sold no lesse than 400 of them for slaues. Anaxibius sailed to Parium, and sent to Pharnabazus expecting an answer according to their composi∣tion. He, after he perceiued, that Aristarchus was come Gouernour to Byzantium, and that Anaxibius was no more Admirall, regarded Anaxi∣bius little, and practised the same with Aristarchus concerning Cyrus his Souldiers, that he had before concluded with Anaxibius. Hereupon Anaxibius calling Xenophon vnto him,* 1.22 willed him with all his cunning to saile to the Armie, and keepe them together, and to gather as many as he could, of those that were dispersed, and leading them to Perinthus to transport them into Asia with all speed. He gaue also a Galley, and a letter to Xenophon, and sent an expresse messenger to command the Pe∣rinthians to furnish Xenophon with horse, and send him with all speed vn∣to the Armie. So Xenophon sailing away came to the Armie. The Soul∣diers entertained him with ioy, and streightway followed him willing∣ly, being in hope to passe ouer out of Thrace into Asia. Seuthes hearing that Xenophon was come, sent Medosades by Sea vnto him, and intreated him to bring the Armie into Thrace, promising whatsoeuer he thought would tempt him to giue way vnto his request.* 1.23 Xenophon answered it was impossible to be done. Medosades, after this answer was giuen, rode away. When the Grecians were come to Perinthus, Neon separating his Regi∣ment from the rest of the Army, encamped apart, hauing about 800 men.

All the rest of the Armie set downe together hard by the walls of Perin∣thus.* 1.24 Xenophon in the meane time practised all he could, to get shipping for the speedy transportation of the Armie into Asia. Whilest this was doing, Aristarchus the Gouernour, arriuing from Byzantium with two Gallies at the perswasion of Pharnabazus,* 1.25 commanded the Saylers not to receiue so much as one Souldier aboord. And comming to the Ar∣mie, forbade them to passe ouer into Asia. Xenophon told him, that it was the commandement of Anaxibius, and he sent him purposely about this businesse. Aristarchus replied, that Anaxibius was not Admirall, and I, quoth he, am Gouernour here; if I take any of you vpon the Sea, I will sinke you. Hauing said thus much, he entred within the walls of the Ci∣tie. The next day he sent for the Coronels and Captaines of the Armie. They being now neere the walls, it was told Xenophon, that if hee went into the Citie,* 1.26 he should be apprehended, and either suffer there, I wot not what, or else be deliuered into the hands of Pharnabazus. He hea∣ring this sent in the rest; for himselfe, he said, he would aske counsell of the gods by sacrifice; and departing he sacrificed, demanding whether the gods would be pleased,* 1.27 he should leade the Armie vnto Seuthes, or no. For he saw he could not safely passe ouer into Asia, especially since the man, that forbade the passage, had Gallies at command; and he liked not to be shut vp in Cherronesus, and to haue the Armie brought to ex∣treme want of all things. Besides, in the place where they were, they must obey the Gouernour, and yet be destitute of prouision. About this businesse was Xenophon. The Coronels and Captaines returning from Aristarchus, brought word, that he willed them now to depart, and come againe in the euening. Hereupon the fraud seemed more apparent. Xe∣nophon therefore, when he saw the sacrifice to be faire both for him and the Armie to goe to Seuthes without danger, taking Polycrates the Athe∣nian Captaine with him,* 1.28 and a man from euery the Coronels (except Neon) such a one as euery one trusted most, rode that night to the Camp of Seuthes, which was 50 furlongs distant; and comming vp to the Campe,* 1.29 they found fires, and no man neere them. And first they imagi∣ned, that Seuthes had remoued his Campe, but when they heard a noise, and Seuthes his Souldiers calling one to another, they conceiued, that Seuthes had caused the fires to be made before his night-guards, that in the darke the Sentinels might not be seene,* 1.30 and yet those, that had ac∣cesse to the Campe, might not be hidden, but plainly discouered by the light of the fires. Which when he perceiued, he sent the Interpreter, which he brought with him, to signifie to Seuthes, that Xenophon was there desirous to speake with him. They asked, whether it were Xeno∣phon the Athenian, and whether he came from the Armie? and when he answered, he was the same, they returned dancing. A little while after came about 200 Peltasts, and taking Xenophon and his company with them, they led them to Seuthes. He was in a Castle carefully guarded, and the horse round about the Castle were bridled. For in the day time he fed his horse, by night he had them in a readinesse for feare. It is

reported that Tereus one of his auncestors hauing a great Armie in this countrey, lost many of his Souldiers, and was lighted of all his baggage by these men. They are the Thynes,* 1.31 who are said to be the most warlike of all the Nation, especially by night. When they came to the Castle, Seuthes willed Xenophon to come in with any two he should choose. Be∣ing within they first saluted, and then according to the Thracian manner drunke hornes of wine one to another.* 1.32 Medosades was then present with Seuthes, whose seruice he vsed in all Emb••ssages. Xenophon began then to speake: You sent Medosades to me (O Se••thes) first to Chalcedon, in∣treating me to be a meanes to transport the Armie out of Asia, and pro∣mising, if I brought it to passe, to require my seruice, as this Medosades signified vnto me. Speaking thus much, he asked Medosades, if it were not true. Medosades said, it was so. Then came Medosades to me the second time, after I came from P••rion to the Armie, promising, if I brought the Armie to you, that you would otherwise vse me as a friend & brother, and also giue me the Townes you possesse by the Sea-side. He asked Medosades, whether he spake not this also. Yes, quoth he, I spake it. Goe to now; report what answer I made you at Chalcedon. First,* 1.33 you answered, quoth he, that the Armie was to come ouer to Byzantium, and that in respect thereof there needed not any thing to be giuen to you or to any man else; and you said, you were to depart as soone as you came ouer; and it fell out as you said. But what answer made I at Selymbria? You said it was not possible to be done, because the Armie was to march to Perinthus, and there to be transported into Asia. Now am I here, said Xenophon, and this Phryniscu•• one of the Coronels, and this Polycra∣tes one of the Captaines, and without the Castle are the most trusty friends of all the other Coronels (except of Neon the Laced••monian) To giue credit therefore vnto our negotiation, it will be good, that you call for them to be present here within. And you Polycrates ••ell them from me, that I would haue them leaue their armes without, and you likewise leaue your sword there, and so come in. Seuthes hearing this, said, he distrusted no Athenian: for he knew they were his kinsfolke, and he reck∣ned them in the number of his faithfull and well-affected friends. When they that should, were come in, Xenophon asked Seuthes, wherin he purpo∣sed to vse the seruice of the Armie. Seuthes spake thus:

Mesades was my father, vnder whose gouernment were the Mela••dop••ans, the Thynes,* 1.34 and the Thranipsans. When the affaires of the Odryssians began to be trou∣bled, my father being driuen out of this countrey fell sicke, and died, and I was brought vp as an orphan by Med••ous, that now reigneth. Af∣ter I grew to a few yeares, I could not endure to sit, and looke vpon an∣other mans table. Wherefore being at his table, I humbly besought him to afford me such forces, as he could, that I might be reuenged vpon them, that had eiected vs out of our patrimony, and not alwaies liue like a dog waiting at his table. Hereupon he gaue me those men and horse, which you shall see as soone, as it is day. And now I spend the time with these spoiling and driuing preies out of my fathers countrey. But if you

ioyne with me, I hope (the gods being friends) easily to recouer my kingdome. And this is the cause, wherefore I craue your aid.

What then, quoth Xenophon, can you giue the army, the Captaines and the Co∣ronels, if we come? Speake it, quoth he, before this company, that they may make report to the rest of the army. He promised to a common Souldier a Cyzicene,* 1.35 two to a Captaine, foure to a Coronell, and as much land, as he desired, and yoakes of oxen, and a walled towne situa••e by the Sea. But if endeuouring this, we bring it not to passe, and some feare arise from the Lacedemonians, if any of vs come vnto you, will you receiue him into your countrey? He answered: yea I will hold them as my brothers, and place them in seats, and make them partakers of all I shall possesse. But to you, Xenophon, I will giue my daughter, and if you haue a daughter, I will buy her after the Thracian manner, and will giue her Bisanthe lying vpon the Sea-coast to dwell in, which is the goodliest countrey I haue. Hearing these things, and giuing and taking hands, they rode away, and before day, came to the Campe, and euery one re∣turned answer to them, from whom he was sent. When it was day, Ari∣starchus called againe the Coronells and Captaines, who thought it not good to come at Aristarchus,* 1.36 but to call an assembly of the army. All came together, except the Souldiers of Neon, who were about ten Fur∣longs from the rest. Being assembled, Xenophon arose, and spake thus:

We cannot (ô Souldiers) saile ouer, whether we would, by reason that Aristarchus with his Gallies hindreth vs; so that it is not safe for vs to go aboord. He also commandeth vs to make way thorow the Holy Mount by force, and so to come to Cherronesus: which if we do, he faith he will no more sell vs for slaues, as he did in Bizantium, nor yet beguile vs, but will surely giue vs our pay; nor shall we need to looke about vs, as wee doe now, being destitute of necessary prouision. Seuthes promiseth, if you will come vnto him to vse you kindly. I would haue you therefore to consider, whether you will stay here, and debate of these things, or march away to a place, where you may refresh your selues with victualls. I am of opinion, seeing we neither haue money to goe to market, nor are suffered to take victuall without money, that we were best to returne to the villages which were allotted vs, and hauing there such things, as we want,* 1.37 to heare the propositions of such, as desire your seruice, and to chuse that, which shall be most expedient for your selues. You, that like hereof, hold vp your hands.

All held vp their hands. Goe then, quoth he, and presently trusse vp your baggage, and when you are commanded, follow your leaders. After this Xenophon led, and the army followed. And albeit Neon, and other from Aristarchus endeuoured to perswade them to returne, yet they would giue no eare. When they had now mar∣ched about thirtie Furlongs,* 1.38 Seuthes met them. Whom when Xenophon saw, he desired him to draw neere, that in the hearing of the multitude they mought conferre about some things, which tended to the good of the army. Being come vp, Xenophon said: We are now marching thither, where we may finde food. There, after we haue heard, what you, and

this Lacedemonian will say, wee will resolue vpon that, which shall seeme best for vs. If therefore you will lead vs to a place, where we shall haue plentie, we shall be the more beholding vnto you, and thinke you make vs your guests. I know, quoth Seuthes, where many villages stand not farre asunder, which abound in store of prouision, and are no fur∣ther off, than we may well reach by dinner time. Lead then, quoth Xeno∣phon. They came to the villages in the afternoone, and the Souldiers assembling, Seuthes vsed this speech:

I desire you (•• Souldiers) to take entertainment of me. I promise euery one of you a Cyzicene for his monthly pay, and to a Captaine, and a Coronell as much,* 1.39 as is vsually giuen. Meat and drinke you shall haue of the ••ountrey, as you haue now. Whatsoeuer is taken from the enemy, I will challenge, as mine owne, that disposing of it, as I shall thinke best, I may make vp your pay. We of our selues shall be of force sufficient to giue chace to the enemy, that flyeth: with your helpe we shall easily ouercome those that resist. Xenophon then asked him, how farre from the Sea he desired the army should march. No further than seuen daies iourney, quoth he, and oftentimes selfe. After this it was permitted, that any man, that would, might speake.

Many said, that Seuthes propounded things not to be con∣temned. For it was Winter, and no man, though he would neuer so faine, could get home by Sea, and wanting mony to buy things necessary,* 1.40 they were not able to remaine in a friends countrey, and in the enemies it was safer to stay and be nourished in the company of Seuthes, than be∣ing alone, especially so many commodities offering themselues. Besides, to haue pay was a thing found, ere it could be looked for. Xenophon ad∣ded, if any man be of a contrarie minde, let him speake; if not, let a de∣cree be made hereof. When all were silent, they gaue their consent,* 1.41 and a decree was made accordingly. Xenophon therefore presently informed Seuthes, that the Souldiers would take entertainment of him. After this the rest quartered, euery man, as the lot fell to his company,* 1.42 but Seuthes called the Coronels and Captaines to supper in a village hard by. Com∣ming to the doore, where they should sup, they found one Heraclides a Maronaea••; he insinuated himselfe to each of them, who, he thought, was able, and had to giue Seuthes; and spake first to certaine Parians, that came to make a league with Medocus the King of Odryssians, bring∣ing with them gifts for him, and for the Queene. He told them,* 1.43 that Me∣docus liued in the countrey, that was twelue daies iourney from the Sea, and that Seuthes with the helpe of that army would be master of the Sea, and being their neighbour, would bee able both to pleasure, and hurt them. If you be wise therefore turne the gifts, which you bring, to Seu∣thes, and it will be better, than, if you presented them to Medocus, that dwelleth so farre off. Thus he perswaded them. Then he came to Ti∣masion the Dardanian (for he heard, he had cups and carpets taken from the Barbarians) and said: It was the manner, when Seuthes bid any to supper, that the guests inuited, offered presents vnto him. He, quoth Heraclydes, if he become great in this kingdome, will be able either to

restore you to your countrey, or else to make you rich here. Thus admo∣nished he euerie one, before they entred to supper. He came likewise to Xenophon and said: You are both of the greatest Citie, and of greatest name with Seuthes; and it may be, that Seuthes will thinke you worthy to possesse cities and land in this countrey, as many of your countrey∣men haue done heretofore. It is fit therefore for you to honour Seuthes with the richest presents. For I know, the royaller your presents be, the more gratuitie you shall obtaine at his hands. Xenophon hearing this was displeased in minde. For he brought no more out of Pari•••• with him, than a boy, and money to defray his charges. When the greatest men of Thrace, th••t were then present, and the Coronels and Captaines of the Grecians, and the Ambassadours sent from Cities, were entred into sup∣per, they set downe all in a ring. Then were three-footed kettles brought in for them all.* 1.44 They were about twentie in number, full of flesh cut in peeces, and of great loaues of leauened bread, pierced thorow and faste∣ned to the flesh. The tables, as the custome is, were set neerest to the strangers. Seuthes first of all taking the loaues next him, broke them into small peeces, and the flesh likewise, and threw the peeces to whom hee thought good, reseruing to himselfe no more tha•• a taste. The other, that had the tables standing by them, did the like. There was amongst the rest an Arcadian, Aristos by name, a notable eater. He not regarding that which was cast vnto him, taking a loafe of the bignesse well-nigh of a pecke in one hand, and a peece of flesh on his knees, fell a eating. Hornes of wine were carried about, and euery man tooke them. Ari∣stos, when hee that filled the wine came, and offered it to him, seeing Xe∣nophon forbeare eating, goe, giue it him, quoth he, for he is at leasure, and I not. Seuthes hearing the voice, asked the filler of wine, what he said, who when he told him (for he could speake Greeke) the whole compa∣ny fell a laughing. The cups now walked thicke about, and a Thracian vpon a white horse came in, and taking a full horne, said: Seuthes, I drinke to you, and giue you this horse, whose backe when you are vpon, you may easily take, whomsoeuer you chace, and retiring, need not feare any enemie. Another brought in a boy, and drink∣ing in the same sort, gaue him to the King. Another, garments for his wife. Timasion drunke to him, and gaue him a siluer cup and a carpet worth ten pound. G••esippus the Athenian standing vp, said, That it was an ancient and a verie good custome, that they that had, should for honours sake giue to the King; and the King to them, that had not. So should I, quoth hee, haue wherewith to present and honour the King. Xenophon doubted with himselfe what to doe. For he was honoured, sitting in the next seat to the King, and Hera∣clides willed the wine-filler to reach the Horne vnto him. He was now well tippled, & therefore stood vp boldly taking the Horne in his hand, and said: I (ô Seuthes) giue my selfe vnto you, and all these my Com∣panions, to be your faithfull friends: and I giue none of them against their wils, but all so minded, that euerie one will striue to doe you more

seruice, than my selfe. And now they are here wishing nothing more, than to beemploied, and to vndergoe perill for your sake; with the helpe of whom (if the gods will) you shall both recouer and also enioy your Fathers Kingdome; and not only it, but many Horse, many men and faire women, whom you shall not need to spoile, and take from them, what they haue, but of their owne ••ree will they will bring gifts vnto you. Seuthes standing vp pledged him in a full Horne, and drunke it out, and he cast here and there the flesh that was before him. After this the Cera∣suntines came in, who vse Flutes and Trumpets made of the raw Hides of Oxen playing in measure, as the vse is vpon the Instrument called Magade. Seuthes himselfe stood vp and casting forth a martiall cry,* 1.45 leaped forward nimbly, shunning, as it were, a dart, that seemed to be cast at him. Iesters also came in. When the Sun was now readie to set, the Grecians arose from their seats, signifying, it was time to dispose the watch, and to giue the word.* 1.46 They desired Seuthes to take order that no Thracian entred the Grecian quarter by night; because, said they, there are some Thracians, that are enemies, some, that are friends, both to you, and vs. When they went out, Seuthes also stood vp nothing lesse than like a drunken man; and comming abroad, he called the Coronels to him, and said: The enemie yet knoweth not, that you are entertained by me.* 1.47 If therefore we goe against them, before they feare to be caught, or prouide to defend themselues, we shall easily gaine both prisoners and plentie of riches. The Coronels commended his aduice, and willed him to leade on. He replied, that they should make themselues readie, and stay, where they were. When it is time, quoth he, I will come vnto you, and taking you and the Peltasts with me, by the helpe of the gods, I will be your guide. Xenophon said: Consider, I pray,* 1.48 seeing we are to march by night, whether the Grecian manner be not best. In the day time the light-Armed, or Horse, according to the nature of the place, haue the Vant of the Armie; in the night the vse of the Grecians is to giue the leading to the slowest. For so the Armie is easiliest kept together, and it is soonest espied, if they breake. But being seuered, they often fall one vpon ano∣ther, and through ignorance doe, and suffer hostilitie. Seuthes answered, You say well, and I will follow your order, and giue you old men the most experienced in the Countrey for Guides, and my selfe bring vp the Reare with the Horse. For I can soone be first, if need be. They gaue for the Word Pallas, because of their kinred. After this was spoken,* 1.49 they tooke their rest. About midnight Seuthes came vnto them with his Hors-men being Curaciers, and with the Peltasts in their Armes, and after he had giuen them Guides, the armed Foot marched first, the Peltasts followed, and the Hors-men came in the Reare. When it was day Seu∣thes galloped vp to the Front, & much commended the Gr••cian manner. For I my selfe, quoth he, marching in the night, albeit but with a few, haue oftentimes had my Horse distracted from my Foot. Now are we by breake of day all together in one place, as it ought to be. But it is best, you stay here, and rest your selues, I will scout abroad. Speaking thus

much, he galloped along the Hill, following a way, that lead forward. When he came to much Snow, he began to looke about, whether there were any foot-steps of men comming forward or backward. When he could discerne no tract, he straight returned and said: All will be well (ô Souldiers) if God will: For we shall fall vpon the enemie and take them at vnawares. But I will goe before with the Horse, to the end, that if I see any man, I may stay him, lest he scape from vs, and giue warning to the enemie. Follow you, and if you f••ll farr•• behinde, direct your selues by the tract of the Horse. After we are ouer these Mountaines, we shall come to Villages, that are many in number, and rich. Abou•• noone he was vpon the top of the Mountaines, and discouering the Vil∣lages, he came vpon the spur to the armed Foot, saying: I will send the Horse downe into Champeigne, and the Peltasts into the Villages: fol∣low you, as fast as you can, that, if any resistance be made, you may come in to succour. Xenophon hearing this, alighted from his Horse: When Seuthes asked him, why he alighted, when most haste was requisit; I know, quoth he, you shall not haue need of me alone, and these ar∣med will more willingly run, if I leade on foot. After this Timasion ioined with him hauing fortie Horse or thereabout.* 1.50 Xenophon comman∣ded them, that were 30 yeere old, taking with them their armes alone, to come out of the body vnto him; with whom he posted on. Cleanor lead the rest of the Grecians. When they were come to the villages, Seuthes galloping vp, said: It is as you said, Xenophon, we haue caught the men. But my horse haue left me, & giuen chace one one way, another another, and I am afraid, lest the enemy gathering together, make head, and worke vs some mischiefe. Some of vs must stay in the Villages also. For they are full of men. But I, quoth Xenophon, will take the top of the mountaine with those I haue. Command you Cleanor to stretch out his Phalange along the champeigne by the villages. When this was done, they gathered together into the champeigne about 1000 slaues, 2000 oxen, and 10000 other cattell.* 1.51 There they quartered that night. The next day Seuthes burning all the Villages, and leauing not so much as a house, to the end to strike a terror into other of that Nation, and to signifie what they were to expect, if they yeelded not, departed thence. And he sent Heraclides to sell the prey at Perinthus, thereby to raise pay for the Souldiers. He and the Grecians encamped in the Plaines of the Thynes, who forsaking their houses fled to the mountaines. The Snow was great, and the cold such, that the water frose, which was carried for sup∣per,* 1.52 and the wine likewise in the vessels; and the nosthrils and eares of many of the Grecians were si••dged with the rigour thereof. And the cause was then perceiued, why the Thracians wore fox-skins vpon their heads and ea••••s, and (sitting on horsebacke) coats not only vpon their breasts, but also vpon their thighes, and put on gownes, that reach to their feet, and refuse the vse of cloakes. Seuthes sending some of the prisoners to the mountaines, gaue them to vnderstand, that vnlesse they descended to inhabit their houses, and acknowledged him for their

King, he would fire their Villages also, and their corne, and cause them die of hunger. Hereupon the women, and children, and old men came downe; the younger sort quartered in the Villages at the foot of the mountaines. Which when Seuthes had intelligence of, he commanded Xenophon to follow him with the youngest of the armed foot. And be∣ginning to march in the night, they came to the Villages by breake of day. The most part of the enemy escaped away, by reason that the mountaine was neere.* 1.53 As many as were taken Seuthes killed with darts. There was one Episthenes an Oly••thian, a louer of boyes, who seeing a faire boy now first come to mans estate, that had a Target, and was ready to be executed, ranne to Xenophon, and beseeched him to be a meanes to saue the faire boy. Xenophon stepped to Seuthes, intreating him not to kill the boy, and told him withall the fashion of Episthenes,* 1.54 and that he once raised a company with no other intent, than to see, if any were faire amongst them, that with them he might shew himselfe a braue man. Seuthes asked: Episthenes will you die for him? He hol∣ding out his necke, Strike, quoth he, if the boy bid, and I will hold it for a fauour. Seuthes asked the boy, whether Episthenes should be strucken in his stead. The boy would not suffer it, but humbly sued, that neither of them might be put to death. Then Episthenes taking the boy in his armes, Now, quoth he, Seuthes, you and I must haue a pull about this boy: For I will neuer let him goe. Seuthes smiling gaue him leaue to doe what he list. He thought it best to encampe in that place, lest they of the moun∣taines should be releeued with victuall out of the Villages; and himselfe descending into the Plaine, quartered there. Xenophon hauing with him his chosen Souldiers encamped in the vppermost Village neere the mountaines; and the rest of the Grecians not farre off, in that part, which the Thracians call the mountainous countrey. Many daies passed not, before the Thracians descending from the mountaines practised with Seuthes about pledges and agreement; and Xenophon came vnto Seu∣thes, and told him that the Campe was seated in dangerous places, and that the enemie was neere at hand. I had rather, quoth he, encampe else-where, than in these streights, where all are in perill to be lost. Seu∣thes willed him to be of good cheere, shewing him the pledges, which were brought vnto him. Some also descending from the mountaines, intreated Xenophon to be a meanes of peace. He was content, and bid them be of good comfort, and promised they should haue no harme, as long as they would be obedient to Seuthes. All that they did, was to no other end, than to spie and discouer, what was done in the Campes. So ended this dayes worke.* 1.55 The night following the Thynes descending from the mountaines gaue a Camisado. The housholder of euery house was the leader.* 1.56 For otherwise it would haue beene hard to haue found the houses of the Villages in the darke, which were set round about with great Palizados because of the cattell. When they were come to the doores of euery house, some threw in darts, other some laid on with clubs, which they were said to carry to the end to breake off the heads

of the pikes, some fired the houses, and called Xenophon by name, wil∣ling him to come out, and die, vnlesse he had rather be burnt. The fire was now seene vpon the roofes of the houses, and Xenophons heauy ar∣med were yet within, ready notwithstanding with their Targets, Swords, and Head-peeces. And when Silanus the Macestian, who was 18 yeares of age, gaue a signe with the Trumpet, presently they also, that were lodged in other houses,* 1.57 leaped forth with their drawne swords in their hands. The Thracians fled immediatly, casting, as their manner is, their Targets at their backs; but whilest they climbed ouer the Palizadoes, some hung by the Targets, and were taken, some slaine by mistaking the goings out. The Grecians followed the chace. Yet there were of the Thynes, which returning backe in the darke, wounded with darts such as ran by a house that was on fire, ayming out of the darke against the light; and they wounded Hieronymus, Enodias, and Theagenes, all Captaines, yet was no man slaine. There were some that had their baggage burnt. Seuthes hasted to rescous, with the first seuen horse he could recouer, ha∣uing a Thracian Trumpeter; & as soone as he perceiued what was in hand, he caused the trumpet to sound all the way he came, which also strucke a feare into the enemies mindes. When hee came to the Grecians, hee tooke them by the hands, and said, that he thought he should haue found many more slaine. Xenophon desired, that the Hostages might be deliuered vnto him; and that Seuthes would be pleased to goe with him against the mountaine, or else to giue him leaue to goe with his owne forces alone. The next day Seuthes deliuered the Hostages to Xenophon being old men, and the best, as it was said, of the Mountainers; and ioy∣ned his owne forces to Xenophons. Seuthes had now thrice as many folke, as he had before. For the Odrysans, hearing of his good successe, came in numbers to serue him. The Thynes, when they saw from the moun∣taines many armed, many Peltasts, and many horsemen, descended and humbly sued to compound, and promised to doe, whatsoeuer they were commanded, and to put in good assurance. Seuthes calling Xeno∣phon, told him what they said, and added, he would make no attonement, if Xenophon would be reuenged of their Camisado. Xenophon answered, he had sufficient reuenge, in that he saw them now slaues, which were before free. But he would counsell Seuthes hereafter, in taking Hostages, to take those that were able to doe him most harme,* 1.58 and to leaue the old men at home. So all the Thracians of the countrey came vnder Seuthes his subiection.* 1.59 They marched from thence against the Thracians, that lie aboue Byzantium, and inhabit the Territorie called Delta. This coun∣trey was neuer subiect to Mesades, but it had beene vnder Tereus the Odrysian, that liued many yeeres agoe. Heraclides came hither hauing with him the price of the spoile, and Seuthes causing three paire of Mules (for there were no more, the rest being yokes of Oxen) to be brought forth, calling Xenophon, offered them vnto him, the rest hee parted amongst the Coronels and Captaines. Xenophon made answer, that he would be content with that, which he should bestow vpon him here∣after:

now, quoth he, giue to the Coronels and Captaines, that follow you with mee. So Ti••••si•••• the Dard••••i•••• had one paire, Cleaner the Or••h••menian one, and Phryniscus the Achaya•• one. The yo••es of Oxen he distributed amongst the Captaines. The moneth was now out, and yet the Souldiers had no more than twenty daies pay.* 1.60 For Heraclydes said, he could sell the prey at no greater price. Xe••••ph•••• therefore being discontent told Heraclides, that he seemed not to regard Seuthes so much, as he ought. For if you did, quoth he, you would haue come with full pay, although you had taken it vp at interest, and if not otherwise, euen by selling your owne clothes. Hereupon Heraclides grew angry, and fea∣red to be turned out of Seuthes his friendship, and from that day for∣ward sought to bring Xenoph•••• in disgrace with Seuthes. The Souldiers also laid the fault vpon Xe••••ph••••, that they wanted their pay; and Seuthes was displeased with him, because he was so earnest a suiter in the behalfe of the Souldiers. And whereas he wonted to say, that as soone as hee came to the Sea-side, he would deliuer to Xe••••ph••••, Byza••the, and Gani••, and new castle, hence forward he neuer spake word of any such thing. For Heraclides calumniated that also,* 1.61 alledging it was not safe to deliuer such holds into the hands of one, that had an Armie. In the meane time Xenophon aduised with himselfe, what was best to be done in following Se••thes in warre against the vpper countries. But Heraclides bringing in the other Coronels vnto Se••thes, counselled them to say, that if need were, they could leade the Armie vpon seruice as well as Xe••••pho••, and promised he would take ship, & within few daies bring in two moneths pay; only he desired them to goe forward in Seuthes his seruice. Tima∣sion answered, if you would giue me fiue moneths pay, I will not serue without Xenophon. Phryniscus and Cleanor said the like. Whereupon Se••thes gaue hard words to Heraclides,* 1.62 for that he had not brought in X••nophon. So was Xenophon sent for alone. Xenophon perceiuing the sub∣tlety of Heraclides, and that it was to bring him into suspicion with the other Coronels, tooke vnto him all the other Coronels and Cap∣taines, and went to Se••thes. When all were agreed to proceed in the seruice, they marched forward thorow the countrey of the Thracians, that are called M••li••••ph••gi, as far as Salmydesson, leauing Pontus on their right hand. Here many ships sailing into Pontus are shaken and cast on shore, the place being shallow and muddy. The Thracians inhabiting that part, setting vp marks and bounds along the Sea, take euery man within his precinct the wreck of that which is cast on shore. Before they had parcelled, and bounded out the ground, they are said to haue killed one another striuing about the prey. Many beds, many chests, many bookes are found there, and many such other things, as Saylors vse to conueigh in woodden vessels. After these places were brought vnder Seuthes his gouernment, the Armie returned. Now had Seuthes a grea∣ter Armie of his owne, than the Grecians were. For many more of the Odrysians were come downe vnto him, and alwaies as he subdued any countrey, the people of the countrey ioyned themsel••e•• to his seruice.

They encamped in the Plaine aboue Selybria,* 1.63 about 50 Furlongs from the Sea, and no pay was yet seene to come. So the Souldiers were••ore offended with Xenophon,* 1.64 and Seuthes much estranged from him, and so much indeed, that when he came to speake with him, Seuthes would make, as though he had much businesse. About this time, two moneths being scarcely spent, came Charminus the Lacedemonian, and Polinicus sent from Thymbro, and brought newes that the Lacedemonians were min∣ded to make warre vpon T••ssaphernes▪ and that Thymbro had ••lready ta∣ken ship to prosecute that warre, and had need of this Armie, and added that euery Souldier should haue a Daricke the month, euery Captaine two, euery Coronell foure. As soone as the Lacedemonians were come, Heraclides hearing, that they addressed themselues to the army, straight∣waies told Seuthes, that it came well about for his affaires. For the Lace∣demonians, quoth he, stand in need of the armie, and you need it not. Seu∣thes hearing this, willed the messengers to be brought in. When they said, they came about the armie, he answered, he willingly yeelded it in∣to their hands, and desired to be friend and confederate with the Lacede∣monians; He then inuited them to be his guests, and feasted them royal∣ly. But hee neither inuited Xenophon, nor any other of the Coronels. When the Lacedemonians enquired, what Xenophon was for a man, he an∣swered, that in other things he was not ill, but he loued the Souldiers too much,* 1.65 and for that cause fared the worse. They replied: But is he not one, that can sway the Souldiers, which way he thinketh best? Hera∣clides answered, Yes▪ Will he not then oppose against vs, if we seeke to lead the Souldiers away? If making small account of him, you call them together, quoth Heraclides, and promise them pay, they will not stay here, but haste away with you. How shall we then assemble them, quoth they? Wee, quoth Heraclides, will bring you vnto them to morrow morning betimes; and I know, that as soone, as they see vs, they will gather toge∣ther willingly. This day so ended. The next day Seuthes and Heraclides brought the Lacedemonians to the armie, and the armie assembled toge∣ther. The Lacedemonians said: Our City is resolued to make warre vpon Tissaphernes, who hath wronged you. If therefore you will goe with vs, you shall both reuenge your selues vpon your enemy, and also haue eue∣ry one of you a Daricke the month for your pay, a Captaine twice, a Co∣ronell foure times as much.* 1.66 The Souldiers gladly heard this newes; and by and by there stood vp an Arcadian accusing Xenophon. Seuthes remained there to heare what the issue would be, and hee stood within hearing, hauing an Interpreter with him, albeit he also of himselfe vnder∣stood the most part of that, which was spoken in Greeke. Then the Ar∣cadian said: We (ô Lacedemonians) had beene with you long agoe, if by Xenophons perswasion we had not beene brought hither,* 1.67 where lying in the field this sore Winter, we neither night, nor day, haue taken rest. He in the meane time hath the fruit of our labour. Se••thes hath priuately made him rich and defrauded vs of our pay. So that if I, that speake first, If I, said he, might see him stoned to death, and punished, for leading vs

into this countrey, I should account my selfe satisfied of my pay, and not be grieued hereafter with any thing, that is past. After him stood vp another, and then another. Hereupon Xenophon spake thus:* 1.68

What may not a man expect, when I am accused by you of that, wherein my con∣science witnesseth with me, that I haue beene most desirous to doe you good. I was now returning home, when hearing, that it was not well with you, nay rather, that you were brought to all extremitie, I returned to doe you seruice, and to assist you in any thing, I could. After my comming, Seuthes sending many messengers vnto me, and promising many things, in case I perswaded you to come vnto him, you know, I refused and led you thither, from whence, I thought, you might with most facilitie be transported into Asia. For I held it the best course, and knew you most desired it. But when Aristarchus with his Gallies in∣tercepted our passage, I thereupon called you together, as it was need∣full, to consult, what was to be done. You would not then heare Ari∣starchus, that commanded you to march into Cherronesus, but yeelded to Seuthes, that desired to entertaine you; and it was not one, but all of you, that desired to goe with Seuthes, and all of you made the decree. Say then, wherein I haue wronged you, hauing led you to the place, whither you all desired to goe? But when Seuthes began to defraud you of your pay, if I then commended him, or allowed of his dealing, you haue good cause to accuse & hate me. But if before that time I was most in his fauour, and now furthest out, is it right, that preferring you, before him, you should accuse me for that, which is the cause, that he and I are at difference? But you will say, now I haue gotten from Seuthes, that, which was yours, I may cast a faire colour before your eies. Is it not then manifest, that if Seuthes haue giuen me any thing, he hath so giuen it, that hee meant not to lose it, and yet pay you your due? I should thinke, that in bestowing on me the lesse, his purpose was to hold the greater from you. If your opinion be such, you may if you please, make the negotiation betwixt him and me void, by demanding your pay. For it is plaine, that if I haue beene bribed, he will demand the bribe againe, in case, I performe not the contract. But my conscience telleth me, that I am farre from intercepting any thing of yours. For I sweare vnto you by all the gods, and the goddesses, that Seuthes hath not performed to me, that he promised me for mine owne particular. Hee is present, and heares, and knowes whether I forsweare my selfe or no. And, that you may maruell the more, I haue not receiued so much as other Coronels, nor so much as some Captaines. And why haue I done this? Mine opi∣nion was, the more I suffered pouertie with him, the more he would be my friend, when his abilitie was greater. Now I both see him in prospe∣ritie, and know, what disposition he is of. Some will say: Shame you not to be so childishly deceiued? Truly I should be ashamed, if I were ouer∣reached by an enemie. But it is more shame for a friend to deceiue, than to be deceiued. And if there be any caution to be vsed toward a friend, I know you all haue carefully endeuoured, not to giue occasion of with∣holding

from you that, which he hath promised you. We haue neither wronged him in any thing, nor fore-slowed his affaires, nor for feare left any thing vndone, that he hath commanded. But you will say, assu∣rance, that he should not deceiue, though he would, was then to be ta∣ken. Heare, I pray you, that which I would neuer say against him, were not you too vniust and vnthankfull toward me. For you may remem∣ber, in what case you were, when I led you to Seuthes. If you were dis∣posed to goe into Perinthus, did not Aristarchus the Lacedemonian shut the gates against you, and keepe you out of the Citie? Encamped you not in the field? Was it not the middest of Winter? The market, you had, how was it furnished? What monie had you wherewith to buy? You must remaine in Thrace; for the Gallies lay at anchor forbidding your transport. Remaining there, you must be in the enemies countrie, where there were many Horse and Peltasts. You had armed Foot in∣deed, with which approching the village wee might haue seised vpon corne, though not much; but chace we could not giue, nor take slaues, nor cattle. For I was with you, and neither saw many Horse, nor Pel∣tasts. In this necessitie if I ioined Se••thes vnto you, who had both Horse and Peltasts, when you wanted both, had I not deserued well, albeit I had procured you no pay? For after you were assisted with them, found you not more plentie of come in the villages, because the Thracians were driuen to a speedie flight? And you failed not of captiues and cattle; nor saw we an enemie, since we had Horse, whereas before he followed vs boldly with Horse and Peltasts, and suffered vs not to disperse in little troopes, or to take prouision in any quantitie. If therefore he, that wrought this securitie for you, had added no pay vnto it, this would haue beene the greatest wrong, you had suffered; and for this were he in your iudgement vnworthy to liue? But now how depart you? Spent you not the Winter in plentie of all things? And for ouer-plus, had you not that, which was giuen you by Seuthes? You haue all this while liued vpon the enemie, and neither seene any of the Armie slaine, nor miscar∣rying aliue. Besides, if you haue done any thing praise-worthy, against the Barbarians in Asia, you hold your reputation still, and haue added a new praise by ouercomming the Thracians, against whom you warred in Europe. Truly I affirme, you ought to giue thankes to the gods, as for a benefit, for that, for which you are now angrie with mee. And this is the case, you stand in. Consider further how it is with me. I when I first departed for my countrie, departed from you with your good liking and commendation, and as one, that for your sake, had reputation amongst the rest of the Grecians. Besides, I was in credit with the Lacede∣monians. For otherwise they would not haue sent me to you againe. But now I goe away accused by you to the Lacedemonians, and for you am in hatred with Seuthes, whom, hauing followed with you, I hoped to haue found a readie receiuer of me and my children, when need should haue beene. And yet you, for whom I am hated of them, that are much more mightie, than my selfe, for whom I cease not, no not euen now, to doe

all the good, I can, you I say, that are thus affected toward me, haue me neither running away, nor forsaking you. But if you doe that, which you threaten, know, that you shall put to death a man, that hath broken many a sleepe for you, that hath done many exploits, and beene in many perills with you, and both in part, and in the whole (by the helpe of the gods) hath erected with you many a Trophie against the Barbarians, and taken care, that no Grecians should hold you for enemies; so that now you may goe without controlment, whither you lift either by Sea or Land. Howbeit because you haue the world at will, and may faile whi∣ther you of late desired, and they, that are of most might, stand in need of you, and you are offered pay, and the Lacedemonians the men, that now are esteemed most powerfull, are come to be your leaders, you haue found a time to take away my life. This was not your minde, when you were in distresse; O you men, that are so kinde rememberers of your well deseruers. Then you called me father, and promised al∣waies to bee mindfull of mee, as of your Benefactor. But yet you must not imagine, that these men, which are come for you, are destitute of reason and vnderstanding. For, as I conceiue, they will not thinke the better of you, seeing in what manner you behaue your selues toward mee.

After he had spoken thus much, hee kept silence. Then Charminus the Lacedemonian stood vp and said: I see no iust cause,* 1.69 you haue, to be angry with this man: my selfe can giue him this testimo∣nie, that when I, and Polynicu•• asked Seuthes, what Xenophon was for a man, he had nothing else to blame him in, but that he loued his Souldi∣ers too well, for which cause he was in lesse esteeme with the Lacedemoni∣ans, and with him. Then Eurylochus the Lusatian borne in Arcadia stan∣ding vp, said: I am of opinion (ô Lacedemonians) that you may doe vs much kindnesse, if you will be pleased to effect this first worke of a Ge∣nerall to procure our pay of Seuthes, will he, or nill he, & not to leade vs away before we haue it. Polycrates the Athenian stood vp, and spake for Xenophon: I see (ô Souldiers) Heraclides here present,* 1.70 who taking the prey, which we got, and selling it, neither gaue the price to Seuthes, nor to vs; but stole it, and keepeth it himselfe. If we be wise therefore let vs call him to an account. For he is no Thracian, but a Grecian, and hath wronged Grecians. Heraclides hearing this was put in a feare, and com∣ming to Seuthes; If, quoth he, we loue our selues, let vs be gone out of their fingers, and getting on Hors-backe they spurred to their Campe. After this Seuthes sent his Interpreter Ebozelmius to Xenophon entreating him to stay behinde with 1000 Armed,* 1.71 and promised to deliuer vnto him both the Sea Forts, and also the other things, which he offered vnto him, and willed the Interpreter to tell him in secret, that he heard of Poly∣nicus, that if the Lacedemonians once got him, he was sure to die by the hands of Thymbro. The same newes was sent to Xenophon by many of his Hosts, and that he was accused, and was to take heed. He hearing this tooke two sacrifices, and offered to Iupiter the King, demanding whether it should be better for him to remaine and rest vpon the conditi∣ons

propounded by Seuthes, or to depart with the army. It was answered, he should depart. Afterward Seuthes remoued his Campe further off. The Grecians quartered in Villages, wherein they might make their best prouision to goe to Sea, which Villages were giuen by Seuthes to Medo∣sades.* 1.72 When Medosades saw the goods of these Villages consumed by the Grecians, he grew displeased; and taking with him an Odrysian one of the chiefest of them, that came downe to Seuthes, and about fiftie Hors-men, he came and called Xenophon out of the Grecian Campe; who came forth accompanied with some of the Captaines, and with other, such as he thought good. Then, quoth Medosades, You offer wrong (Xenophon) in wasting our Villages. Therefore we forewarne you, I from Seuthes, and this man, from Medocus, the King of the vpper Countrey, to depart hence: otherwise you shall not carie it so. For if you harrie the Countrey so, we are resolued to defend our Countrey, as against enemies.* 1.73 Xenophon, hearing these things, said:

I would hardly an∣swer your accusation, were it not for this young mans sake. We, before we were your friends, ranged this Countrey at our pleasure, wasting what we thought good, and burning what we thought good. And you, when you came Embassador to vs, rested in our Campe without feare of any enemie. Your selues were not in the Countrey, and when you came into it at any time, you remained in your quarters with your Horse bridled, as in a Countrey of enemies, that were too strong for you. Afterwards you became friends to vs, and by our meanes got the posses∣sion of the Countrey: and now you seeke to chace vs out of the Land, which by our furtherance you conquered by force (for as you know the enemie was not of strength sufficient to driue vs out) and not only giue vs no gifts for our well deseruing, but as much, as in you lieth, suffer vs not to quarter here at our departure. And speaking these things you neither reuerence the gods, nor this man, who seeth you now suddenly made rich, whereas, before the time you ioined with vs in friendship (as your selfe confessed to me) you led your life in robberie. But why speake you these things to me? For I haue no longer the command: You, men forsooth worthy to be admired, haue deliuered ouer the Armie to the Lacedemonians, not calling me to counsell, that as I offended them, in bringing it to you, so by rendring it vp to them againe, I might be recon∣ciled, & win their fauour.

When the Odrysian heard these things, he said: The rehearsall of these passages (ô Medosades) strike me vnder the earth; and had I knowne before hand, what your propositions would haue bin, I would neuer haue followed you hither. For King Medocus will haue no good opinion of me, if I should ioine with you in chacing away your be∣nefactors. Then Medosades (for he was grieued to see the country spoiled) desired Xenophon to call the two Lacedemonians. He taking with him such as he thought meet, went to Charminus and Polynicus, and said, Medosades would faine speake with you: and desire you (as he did me) to depart the countrey. Now I conceiue, you may, if you please, be a meane••to recouer the Armies pay, by telling him, that the Armie besought you to

procure it from Seuthes either with or ••gainst his will; and said, that when they had receiued 〈◊〉〈◊〉, they would willingly follow you,* 1.74 and that they seemed to haue good ••ight to that they demanded, and ••hat you promised them not to depart before they recouered their right. The La∣cedemonians answered, that they would speake, both what they were in∣fo••med, and any thing else, which they thought to the purpose, and pre∣sently they went forth, taking such with them as they liked of Charminus comming where Medosades was, said: Haue you any thing to say to vs, Medosades? If not, we haue to say to you. Medosades then very hum∣bly, I, quoth he, and Seuthes desire this, that being friends we suffer no ho••tilitie at your hands. For what harme soeuer you doe to these coun∣trey folks, you doe it to vs, whose sub••••cts they are. The Lacedemoni∣ans answered, we are ready to depart, as soone as they, by whose meanes you enioy the land, are satisfied for their pay. If no••, we come to assist them, and to punish such, as wrong them contrary to their oath. If you be the men, we will begin to doe right upon you. Then said Xenophon: Are you content, Medosades, to giue them in whose countrey you are, seeing you say they are your friends, authoritie to determine, whether you, or we, shall leaue the countrey. He would not heare of that, but desired the two Lacedemonians to goe to Se••th••s about the pay, and thought that Seuthes would not denie it. If not,* 1.75 to send Xenophon with him, and promised to set to his helping hand. Besides he desired forbea∣rance of burning the Villages. Thereupon they dispatched Xenophon away, with such other men, as they thought conuenient. When he came to Seuthes, he vsed this speech:* 1.76

I am come to you (ô Seuthes) not as a suiter for any thing, but only to shew, you haue no cause to be angry with me, for that I laboured to obt••ine the Souldiers pay, which you cheerefully promised at their first comming to you. For I thought it was no lesse profitable for you to giue it, than for them to take it; and I knew, that these men, next after the gods, were they that set you in so conspicuous a place, making you King of a large Territorie, and of much people, that whether you doe good or euill, it cannot be kept in secret. And I am of opinion, that it is a matter of great consequence in such a man, as you are, not to seem to send away your benefactors ingratefully, and without recompence, and of as great to be well spoken of by 6000 men; but the greatest is, not to derogate credit from your owne word. For I see the word of false men wande••••th vp and downe vaine, and weake, and void of honour. But such as are knowne to speake truth, obtaine as much by request, as other men doe by force, and in correcti∣ons their threatnings are as powerfull, as other mens punishments, and in promises they are beleeued no lesse, than they that giue assurance. You should doe well also to call to minde, what you gaue vs, when you made vs your confederates. I know you gaue nothing;* 1.77 but being beleeued to say true, you animated so many men to follow you, and to purchase you such a kingdome, as is worth not 50 talents (as much as is thought to be due to these men) but manif••••d times more. First therefore sell not

for that little money, that is due to the Souldiers, your credit, where∣by you haue purchased this Kingdome. Then I would haue you consi∣der, how highly you esteemed the compassing of that, which you haue obtained. I make no doubt if it were vndone, you would wish it effe∣cted, rather than to possesse much more riches than is demanded. For my part I hold it a greater affront and shame, now not to continue the possession, than at first not to haue gained it, by how much it is harder for a rich man to endure pouertie, than not to haue beene rich, and to fall from a Kingdome to a priuate estate, than at first, not to haue reigned. Doe you not know, that they, who are now your subiects, obey you at this time not for friendship, but for necessitie? and that they would at∣tempt their freedome againe, were they not held in by feare. Whether then thinke you, they will more feare and respect you when they see these Souldiers ready to stay, if you desire them, or quickly returne, if you need them, and that other besides hearing their good report of you, will attend your seruice, when you shall please to vse them; or if they con∣ceiue, that other will refuse you, because they beleeue you not, and these now here beare a better opinion of them, than of you? Nay they were brought vnder your subiection, not because they were fewer in number than we, but for want of good Commanders. Therefore there is dan∣ger also in this, lest they chuse some of them Commanders, who thinke they are wronged by you, or else the Lacedemonians, who are of more power, to whom the Souldiers wil doubtlesse be more zealous in seruice, if they compell you to render to them the arrerages of pay, and the Lacedemonians will sooner consent, because they stand in need of the Armie. This also is not obscure, that the Thracians brought vnder your subiection will more cheerfully take Armes against you, than with you. For if you preuaile, they must become your slaues, as they must be free, if you be ouercome. And accounting the Countrey your owne, whether thinke you it will be better preserued from spoile if these Souldiers re∣ceiuing their claime depart in peaceable manner, or if they stay here, as it were in an enemies Territorie, and force you to leuie more, than they are, against them, which must also be fed vpon the Countrey? Now for Money, whether imagine you, will be the greater expence to pay them that you owe, or this debt still remaining due, to wage other Souldiers by aid of whom you may ouer-master these? But the debt seemeth a great summe to Heraclydes, as he told me himselfe. Whether then is it not much easier now to take it vp and pay it, than it was to take vp the tenth part of it before we came vnto your seruice? For it is not the quantitie, that maketh much or little, but the abilitie of him that giues, or receiues; and your yeerely reuenue is now more, than the worth of all, you possessed before. These things did I forecast in minde, as your friend, that both you might seeme worthy of that, which the gods haue bestowed vpon you, and I not leese my reputation with the Armie. For you know well, that at this present I can neither harme an enemie, nor succour you hereafter, though I would neuer so faine: Such is the

affection of the Armie toward me. And I take your selfe, and the gods, that know all things, to witnesse, that I haue neither receiued any thing of you in regard of them, nor demanded ought of theirs to my priuat vse, no nor any of those things, you promised me. And I sweare further vnto you, I would neuer haue taken gift of yours, vnlesse the Souldiers had receiued that, which is their owne. For it would be a shame for me, ha∣uing been so much honoured by them, to procure mine owne aduantage, and neglect theirs. But Heraclides esteemeth all things trifles, saue only money, howsoeuer it is gotten. I contrariwise (ô Seuthes) thinke, that a man (especially a Ruler) can haue no fairer possessions, than Vertue, Iu∣stice, & Generositie. The possessor of these is enriched with many friends for the present, and enriched with other that hereafter will seeke for his friendship; and in good fortune he hath them, that will reioice with him; in ill, that will be readie to assist and helpe him. But if by my deeds you perceiued not, that I was your friend from my heart, nor yet knew it by my words, remember notwithstanding the words of the Souldiers. For you were present and heard, what was spoken by them, that sought to bring me into hatred; who charged me to the Lacedemonians that I made more account of you, than of the Lacedemonians, and for themselues like∣wise, that I more regarded your well-fare, than theirs. They said I had receiued gifts of you. And when they accused me of these gifts, do you thinke, they saw in me an ill affection toward you, or rather a desire to do you seruice? I am of this minde, that whosoeuer receiueth gifts, he ought to loue and esteeme of him, that is the giuer. Before I came to your ser∣uice, you entertained me kindly in countenance, and in words, and hos∣pitall gifts, & made no end of promises: now you haue compassed your desire, and are as great, as I can make you, seeing the small estimation the Souldiers haue me in, you dare contemne me. But I firmely beleeue, time will teach you, that this money is to be paid, and that you will giue no cause of complaint to those, that haue so well deserued at your hands. Only this is my desire, that when you pay it, you would haue a care to restore me to the same place with the Souldiers, wherein you found me at the first.

Seuthes hearing this, cursed him, that was the cause, why the Souldiers were not paid long before (euerie man imagined he meant He∣raclides) For I, quoth Seuthes, will pay the arrerages▪ and neuer had in minde to defraud the Souldiers of the least part of their due. Then spake Xenophon againe: Seeing it is your pleasure to make paiment, let me entreat you to doe it by my hands, and not to see me in worse case with the Souldiers for your cause, than I was, when I came to your seruice. Seuthes answered: You shall not by my meanes.* 1.78 But if you will stay with me and hold with you 1000 Armed, I will giue you the Townes, and other things I promised you. Xenophon told him, It could not be, as matters stood. But I pray, quoth he, send vs away. I know, quoth Seuthes, it will be safer for you to remaine here, than to depart. Xenophon againe replied: I thanke you for your care of me, but I cannot stay. Howbeit wheresoeuer I become, the more estimation I haue, it shall not be the

worse for you.* 1.79 Then, quoth Seuthes, I haue no money, but a little, viz. one Talent, which I will deliuer vnto you, but you sh••ll haue 600 Oxen, 4000 Sheepe, and 120 Captiues. Taking these, and the pledges of them, that wronged you, goe your waies. Then Xenophon smiling, said: If these suffice not to make vp the pay, whose Talent shall I say I haue? But seeing I cannot depart hence without danger, is it not better to stay here, and take heed of stones? For you heard their threatnings. So he remained there. The next day Seuthes deliuered that which he promised, and sent men to driue the cattell. The Souldiers in the meane time gaue out, that Xenophon was gone to remaine with Seuthes, and to receiue the things which were promised him. But when they saw him come,* 1.80 they reioyced, and ran to meet him. Xenophon as soone as he saw Charminns and Polynicus, You, quoth he, are the men that haue pre∣serued these things for the Souldiers, and I deliuer them into your hands, dispose you of the sale, and deliuer the price to the Souldiers. They taking and appointing men to sell them, raised money for the Souldiers,* 1.81 but not without imputation of much corruption. Xenophon came not neere, but openly made ready to goe to his countrey. For it was not yet signified vnto him, that he was banished, but some especiall men of the Armie came vnto him, desiring him not to depart, till he had conducted the Armie, and deliuered it vnto Thymbro. From thence they sailed ouer to Lampsacus, where Euclydes the Phliasian Soothsayer, the sonne of Cleagoras, who painted the dreames in the Lycaum, met Xe∣nophon. He was glad to see Xenophon in health, and asked him, how much gold he had.* 1.82 Who swore he had not enough to bring him home, vnlesse he sold his horse, and other things, which were about him. Eucly∣des beleeued him not: but when the Lampsacens sent hospitall gifts to Xenophon, and Xenophon offering sacrifice to Apollo, desired Euclydes to be at the sacrifice, Euclydes then looking vpon the Sacrifice, said; he belee∣ued now that Xenophon had no money: and I know, quoth he, if hereafter you happen to get any, you will haue an impediment, if no other, you will be an impediment to your selfe. Xenophon confessed this to be true. Euclydes proceeded:* 1.83 Iupiter Milichius, quoth he, will hinder you. He further asked him, whether he had sacrificed, as I, quoth he, am wont for you at home, and burne the whole beast. Xenophon said, he had not offred to that god all the time of his trauell. Euclydes aduised him there∣fore to sacrifice vnto the god, & your affaires, said he, will prosper better. The next day Xenophon marching on to Ophrynium sacrificed,* 1.84 and burnt whole Hogs, after his countrey manner. The same day came Bito•• and Euclydes to pay the Armie; and they were Xenophons guests, and t••ey re∣leased and restored to Xenophon (refusing to take the price of the redemp∣tion) the horse,* 1.85 which he had pawned at L••mpsacus for 50 Daricks, sus∣pecting he pawned him for need, because they heard that he delighted in him. Then marching thorow the Territorie of Troy, and passing ouer Ide, they came first to Antandrum, and then held on along the Sea side of Lydia to the Plaine of Thebe. From thence marching forward by Adra∣mytti••m

and Cert••nium (not farre from Atarna) to the Plaine of Caycus, they reached to Pergamus a Citie of Lydia. Here Hellas the wife of Gongy∣lus the Eretrian, mother of Gorgy•••• and Gongylus entertained Xenophon for her guest. Shee told him, that Asidates a Persian was in the Plaine. If you goe by night, quoth shee, with 300 men, you may take him, his wife, and children, and much riches. Shee gaue him for Guides her co∣sin germane, and Daph••agoras a speciall friend of hers. Xenophon there∣fore hauing these with him offered sacrifice. Agasias the Elaean sooth∣sayer being present, said, that the entrailes were faire,* 1.86 and that Asidates might be taken prisoner. They went to supper, and after supper Xeno∣phon taking the Captaines to him, that were his best friends, and had al∣waies beene faithfull vnto him, and therefore desiring to doe them a kindnesse, proceeded on his iourney▪ There went also with him, whe∣ther he would or no, other about 600 Souldiers. But the Captaines posted away before to preuent them of partage, as though the money had beene ready to their hands. Comming to the place about midnight, they suffered the slaues, that lay neere the Castle, and many other things to slip away, their care being only to take Asidates and his companie. When they could not take the Castle by assault (for it was high and great, and had many bulwarks & defendants expert in fight) they went about to sap the foot thereof. The wall was of the thicknesse of eight bricks.* 1.87 By breake of day it was pierced thorow, and when it was light one of the defendants strooke him that stood next, thorow the thigh with an Oxe-goad, and further with their arrowes they made it dangerous for any man to approach to the Tower, or come in sight. When those in the Castle made an outcry, and put out fire for a signe, Itabelius with his owne forces, and with the Garrison of Co••ania, being armed foot,* 1.88 and with about 80 Hircanian horsemen (which were in the Kings pay) and other Peltasts about 800 came to rescous. Oth••r also out of Parthenion, other out of Apollonia, and the neighbour Cities, being horsemen. Now was it time to thinke, how our Retreat should be made. Therefore ta∣king the Oxen and other cattell, and the captiues, and couching them within a hollow square, they hasted away,* 1.89 not so much thinking vpon the riches, as that (if they should depart, leauing that behinde them, which they had gotten) their Retreat might seeme a plaine running away; besides that, that the enemy would grow into heart, and the Soul∣diers be discouraged. Now they retreated fighting, as it were, for the prey. When Gongylus saw the Grecian•• so few, and the enemy, that pres∣sed them, so many in number, he by compulsion of his mother issued out with his owne forces to be partaker of the fray. And Procles out of Alisarna, and Teuthranias, who was descended from Demaratus, came likewise to rescous. Xenophons souldiers being ouerlaid with arrowes and Ilings, casting themselues into a Ring,* 1.90 to the end to oppose their armes against the arrowes, with much adoe passed ouer the riuer Caijcus, well∣nigh halfe of them being wounded. Amongst the number of whom was Agasias the Stymphalian, who continued the fight against the enemy

during the whole Retreat. Thus they came safe home, hauing 200 cap∣tiues, and cattell sufficient for sacrifice. Xenophon sacrificing the next day, led out his Armie by night, that he might goe as far as he could into Lydia, and giue no cause of feare to the enemie by being so neere, but make him negligent vpon his guard. Asidates hearing that Xenophon had the second time sacrificed about him, and that he was marching with all ••is Armie, went out of his Castle, and lodged in the Villages not farre from the Citie Parthenium. There Xenophons souldiers lighted vpon him,* 1.91 and tooke him prisoner, and his wife, and his children, and his horse, and all that he had. So that the former sacrifice tooke effect now. After∣ward they returned backe againe to Pergamus; and thenceforth Xeno∣phon had no cause to complaine of that god. For the Lacedemonians al∣so, and Captaines, and Souldiers consented to giue him an extraordinary share,* 1.92 of horse, and oxen, and other things; so that he was thereby able to gratifie a friend. Not long after came Thymbro, and tooke the Ar∣mie, and ioyning it to the rest of the Grecian forces made warre against Tissaphernes.

These were the Gouernours of the Kings Prouinces, that we iournied thorow: Artymas of Lydia, Artacamas of Phrygia, Mithridates of Lycao∣nia and Cappadocia; of Cilicia, Synesis; of Phoenicia and Arabia, Dernes; of Syria and Assyria, Belesis; of Babylonia, Roparas; of Media, Arbacas; of the Phasians and Hesperites, T••ribazus: The Carduchans, Chalybes, Chaldaa••s, Macrons, Choicans, Mosynaecans, Coitans, and Tibarens, are people vnder no mans subiection. Paphlagonia is ruled by Corylas, the Bithynians by Phar∣nabazus, the Europaean Thracians by Seuthes. The totall number of the Ascent and Descent is 215 Encampings, 1150 Parasangs, 34255 Furlongs.* 1.93 The time of the Ascent and Descent one yeere and three moneths.

FINIS.

Notes

• * 1.1

  Anaxibius the Lacedemonian Admirall.
• * 1.2

  Draweth the Armie ouer to Byzance.
• * 1.3

  Xenophons pur∣pose to leaue the Armie.
• * 1.4

  Seuthes King of Thrace sendeth to Xenophon.
• * 1.5

  The Armie at Byzance.
• * 1.6

  Anaxibius see∣keth to de∣ceiue the Ar∣mie.
• * 1.7

  The Army go∣eth out of By∣zance.
• * 1.8

  The Army fin∣deth the deceit of Anaxibius.
• * 1.9

  〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.
• * 1.10

  Returneth to Byzance discon∣tented.
• * 1.11

  Breake open a gate.
• * 1.12

  The feare of the Citie.
• * 1.13

  〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.
• * 1.14

  〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.
• * 1.15

  Xenophon stil∣leth the com∣motion.
• * 1.16

  Messengers to 〈◊〉〈◊〉.
• * 1.17

  ••••••otades o••fe∣••e••h himselfe Gener••ll.
• * 1.18

  The army go∣eth out of the Citie and fol∣loweth him.
• * 1.19

  Xenophon de∣parteth from the Army.
• * 1.20

  Cyrotades his prouision too scant.

  He renoun∣ceth his com∣mand.

  The Coronels of diuers mindes.
• * 1.21

  Cruelty of Anaxibius and Ar••starchus against the Souldiers. The faithles∣nesse of Phar∣nabazus.
• * 1.22

  Anaxibius sen∣deth Xenophon to the Army againe.
• * 1.23

  Seuthes desireth to haue the seruice of the Army.
• * 1.24

  The Army at Perinthus a Ci∣tie in Thrace.
• * 1.25

  Aristarchus hin∣dereth their passage into Asia.
• * 1.26

  Xenophons dan∣ger.
• * 1.27

  His sacrifice.
• * 1.28

  He posteth in∣to Thrace.
• * 1.29

  6 Mile and a quarter.
• * 1.30

  Fires before the Guards.
• * 1.31

  The Thynes.
• * 1.32

  Xenophon with Seuthes.
• * 1.33

  His propositi∣ons to Seuthes.
• * 1.34

  Why Seuthes desired the army.
• * 1.35

  The offers of Seuthes to the army.
• * 1.36

  Aristarchus sen∣deth for the Coronels, who refuse to come.
• * 1.37

  The army go∣eth to Seuthes.
• * 1.38

  Seuthes meets the army.
• * 1.39

  18 Shillings. Seuthes to the Armie.
• * 1.40

  Reasons why the Armie should follow Seuthes.
• * 1.41

  They agree to follow him.
• * 1.42

  Hee inuiteth the Coronels and Captaines to supper.
• * 1.43

  Gifts to the King.
• * 1.44

  The manner of sitting and ser∣uice at supper.
• * 1.45

  See Iul Poll. pag. 187. lin. 12.
• * 1.46

  The Watch.
• * 1.47

  Surprising the enemie.
• * 1.48

  The order of matching in the night.
• * 1.49

  Pallas is in Greeke Athe∣naea. From hence did Athens take the name, and Seu∣thes was of the blood of the Athenians by Progue, whom Tercus King of Thrace, one of Seuthes his an∣cestors maried.
• * 1.50

  Choice of soul∣diers by the age 〈◊〉〈◊〉 speed.
• * 1.51

  The prey.
• * 1.52

  The cold of the Countrey.
• * 1.53

  Seuthes execu∣teth his rebels.
• * 1.54

  Episthenes.
• * 1.55

  Spies of the enemy.
• * 1.56

  A Camisado by the Thynes.
• * 1.57

  The Thracians Peltasts.
• * 1.58

  Fit Hostages.
• * 1.59

  Constantinople which lieth in the European Thrace.
• * 1.60

  Want of pay.
• * 1.61

  Heraclides his calumniations.
• * 1.62

  The credit of Xe••••phon with the Coronels.
• * 1.63

  6 Mile and more.
• * 1.64

  The Army dis∣pleased with X••n••phon about pay.

  The Generall of the Lacide∣monians in Asia the lesse.

  The Army wa∣ged by the La∣cedemonians. 13. Shillings.
• * 1.65

  Seuthes his opi∣nion of Xeno∣phon.
• * 1.66

  13. Shillings.
• * 1.67

  Xenophon accu∣sed for the pay due to the Souldiers.
• * 1.68

  Xenophons de∣fence.
• * 1.69

  Charminus ex∣cuseth X••no∣phon.
• * 1.70

  Heraclides the with-holder of the pay.
• * 1.71

  Xenophon in danger from the Laced••moni∣ans. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.
• * 1.72

  Medosades an∣gry with the Grecians, com∣plaineth.
• * 1.73

  Xenophons answer.
• * 1.74

  The two Lace∣demonians are meanes to re∣couer the Soul∣diers pay.
• * 1.75

  Xenophon sent to Seuthes a∣bout the pay.
• * 1.76

  His words to Seuthes.
• * 1.77

  A Talent is va∣lued at 175 li. sterling, and 50 Talents are 875•• li. ster∣ling.
• * 1.78

  Seuth••s assen∣teth to pay the Souldiers.
• * 1.79

  The pledges of the Thracians that gaue the Camisado to Xenophon before.
• * 1.80

  The Armie sa∣tisfied.
• * 1.81

  Xenophon bani∣shed his coun∣trey for follow∣ing Cyrus, who was a friend to the La••edemoni∣ans.

  Lampsacus a Ci∣tie in Asia the lesse.
• * 1.82

  Xenophon not greedy of riches.
• * 1.83

  An Epithet gi∣uen to Iupiter, signifying fa∣uourable or gentle.
• * 1.84

  A Citie in the countrey Troas.
• * 1.85

  Xenophons horse released, being pawned. 32 li. 10 s.
• * 1.86

  Xenophon vpon an exploit.
• * 1.87

  Sapping of a Castle.
• * 1.88

  A signe for succour.
• * 1.89

  〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. Xenophons re∣treat.
• * 1.90

  A Ring. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.
• * 1.91

  Assidates taken prisoner.
• * 1.92

  Xenophon re∣wa••ded with a large portion.
• * 1.93

  4281 mile, and more.