The historie of Xenophon containing the ascent of Cyrus into the higher countries. VVherein is described the admirable iourney of ten thousand Grecians from Asia the Lesse into the territories of Babylon, and their retrait from thence into Greece, notwithstanding the opposition of all their enemies. Whereunto is added a comparison of the Roman manner of warres with this of our time, out of Iustus Lipsius. Translated by Ioh. Bingham.

THE FIRST BOOKE OF THE HISTORIE OF XENOPHON, TOVCHING THE Ascent of CYRVS the younger, out of Asia the Lesse, into the Higher COVNTREYS. (Book 1)

DARIVS and PARISATIS had two Sonnes, of whom the eldest was named Artaxerxes, the younger Cyrus. And when Darius fell sick, and suspected he should not liue long, he de∣sired to haue a sight of both his Sonnes. The eldest happened then to be present; he se••t for Cyrus from the Prouince whereof he had made him Satrapa or Ruler, and had declared him Generall of all the people, that vpon Mu∣sters resorted to the plaine of Castolus.* 1.1 Cyrus therefore iourneyed vpward to his Father, taking with him Tissaphernes as a friend, and hauing for his Guard 300 armed Grecian Foot, vnder the leading of Xenias the Parrhasian. After the death of Darius, and crown∣ing of Artaxerxes, Tyssaphernes accused Cyrus to his Brother,* 1.2 as though he intended treason against him: who being easily perswaded and indu∣ced to beleeue, caused Cyrus to be apprehended, with intent to put him to death. But his Mother made intercession for him, set him at libertie, and remised him to his gouernment. He hauing been thus in perill, and dishonoured, deliberated after his departure, how to exempt himselfe from his Brothers subiection, and to make himselfe King in his Brothers stead. Their Mother Parisatis inclined more to Cyrus, louing him bet∣ter than she did Artaxerxes, that reigned. And Cyrus, if any were sent to him from King Artaxerxes, won them so by his courtesies, that they de∣parted better affected to him, than to the King. Besides, he had that re∣gard of the Barbarians, which were about him, that he both made them good Souldiers, and purchased their loue. As for the Grecians, he waged them as secretly as he could, to the intent to take his Brother altogether

vnprouided. When therefore he made leuies of such, as should lye in Garrison in his Cities, he commanded the Captaines of the Garrisons, euerie man apart, to wage as many, and the best Peloponesians they could, vnder pretence,* 1.3 that Tissaphernes sought to surprise the Cities: For the Ionian Cities were before deliuered to Tissaphernes by the King, but then they all reuolted to Cyrus, excepting only Miletus. And Tissaphernes be∣ing in Miletus, and perceiuing they also would turne, and take part with Cyrus, put some to death, some other he chased and banished out of the Citie. Cyrus receiuing these banished men, and gathering an Armie to∣gether, besieged Miletus both by Sea and Land, seeking to restore them to their Countrey. And this was also another pretence of raising an Armie. Besides, he sent to the King, and desired him, that being his Brother, the rule of those Cities might rather be committed to him, than to Tissaphernes; wherein he was seconded by his Mother, so that the King perceiued not, that reason was intended against him at any hand, but imagined, that Cyrus waged that Armie to warre against Tissaphernes; for which warre, he was not greatly sory, because Cyrus sent to the King the Tribute of those Cities, whereof Tissaphernes had the command. Another Armie was collected for Cyrus,* 1.4 right ouer against Abydus, in this manner. Clearchus was banished from Lacedemon, he came to Cyrus, and Cyrus, after conference and acquaintance with him, both admired the man, and besides, gaue him 10000 Daricks. Clearchus taking the gold, leuied an Armie therwith, and passing out of Cherronesus, warred vpon the Thracians, that inhabit aboue Hellespont, thereby aduantaging greatly the affaires of the Grecians; and so much in deed he did aduantage them, that the Cities of Hellespont willingly furnished him with money to main∣taine his Armie. So that this Armie also was not descried to be held on foot for Cyrus. Further, there was one Aristippus a Thessalian, a a 1.5 guest to Cyrus, who being ouerpressed with his Countrey-men of the contrarie faction, came to Cyrus, & requested him to spare him 2000 Mercenaries, and three Moneths pay, alleaging, that thereby he should be able to ouer∣come his aduersaries. Cyrus furnished him with 4000 men, and sixe Moneths pay, desiring him withall, not to agree with his aduersaries, till they two had had conference together. So againe this Armie in Thessaly was not perceiued to be kept on foot, and nourished for Cyrus. Further, he commanded Proxenus the Boeotian, who was his friend, to bring vnto him as many men as he might, vnder pretence of warring against the Pisidians, that spoyled his Countrey; and Sophaenetus the Stymphalian, and Socrates the Achaean, who likewise were both his guests, to come to him with as many men, as they could make, vnder colour, together with the banished Milesians, to make warre against Tissaphernes, which also they did. Cyrus, after he was resolued to ascend into the higher Prouinces, gaue out, that his purpose was to chace the Pisidians wholly out of the Countrey, and so assembled both his Barbarian and Grecian troopes, as if it had been against them. And he commanded Clearchus, with the Armie which he led, to come vnto him, and Aristippus to compound with his

aduersaries, and afterwards to send him that Armie of his likewise. And Xenias the * 1.6 Arcadian (whom he had appointed Generall of the Merce∣naries, which he laid in Garrison in the Cities) to bring vnto him those Troops, leauing behind so many only, as should be sufficient to guard the Cittadels. Likewise he sent for those that were at the siege of Miletus, and inuited the banished men to his seruice, promising, if his affaires had good successe, not to giue ouer till he had restored them to their home. They with ioy accepted of his proffer, (for they trusted him) and there∣upon came to Sardes.* 1.7 Xenias gathered together the Mercenaries in the Cities, and brought them to Sardes, being in number about 4000 armed foot. Proxenus came with 1500 armed, and 500 light armed foot. Sophenetus the Stymphalian, with 1000 armed. Socrates the Achaean, with about 500 armed. Pasion the Megarean, with 300 armed, and 300 Targetiers (or Peltasts.) This last, and Socrates, were of those that besie∣ged Milet. These Troops came to Cyrus to Sardes. Tyssaphernes hauing intelligence hereof, and conceiuing that the preparation was greater than fitted the warre against the Pisidians, hasted with as much speed as he could, towards the King, hauing with him about 500 Hors-men. And the King, as soone as he heard by Tyssaphernes, of the Armie that Cyrus had raised, made contrarie preparation. Cyrus with the Forces afore¦mentioned, marched from Sardes. He marched into Lydia, 22 a 1.8 Para∣sangs in three encampings, and came as farre as the Riuer Maeander, the bredth whereof is b 1.9 2 Plethors. A Bridge was layd ouer the Riuer vpon six Ships ioyned one to another. Passing ouer here, he made one encamping in Lydia, hauing marched eight Parasangs, and came to Colosse, a great, rich, and well inhabited Citie, where he remained seuen dayes. Hither Menon the Thessalian came to him with 1000 armed Foot, and 500 Dolopian, Aenian, and Olynthian Peltasts, or Targetiers. From thence he marched in three encampings, 20 c 1.10 Parasangs, as far as Celaene, a great, rich, and well inhabited Citie of Phrygia. Here had Cyrus a Palace, and a great Parke, full of wilde Beasts, which he hunted on Hors-backe, when∣soeuer he was disposed to exercise himselfe, and his Horses. Maeander runneth thorow the middest of the Parke, the Fountaines whereof arise within the Palace. It runneth also thorow the Citie Celaene. The great King hath also a strong Palace in Celaene, vnder the Citadell, vpon the Spring of the Riuer Marsyas, which Riuer runneth thorow the Ci∣tie, and falleth into Maeander. The bredth of Marsyas, is 25 foot. It is said, that Apollo pulled the Skin of Marsyas ouer his head (who conten∣ded with him about Wisdome) and hung it vp in the Denne, where the Spring of the Riuer Marsyas ariseth, and that thereupon, the Riuer is cal∣led Marsyas. The report is, that Xerxes flying out of Greece after his ouerthrow, builded the Palace, and the Citadell of Celaene. In this place, Cyrus rested 30 dayes, and Clearchus, the exile of Lacedemon, came vnto him with 1000 armed Foot, and 800 Thracian Targetiers, and 200 Cre∣tan Archers; and Sosias the Syracusian, with 1000 armed Foot; and So∣phaenetus the Arcadian, with 1000 armed Foot. Cyrus tooke muster,

and numbred the Grecians in this Parke,* 1.11 and found them to be 11000 armed, and about 2000 Targetiers, or Peltasts. From thence, he mar∣ched in two encampings, 10 Parasangs, and came to Peltae, a Citie well peopled, there he remained three dayes, during which time, Xenias the Arcadian solemnized the Playes, called Lycaea, and proposed games. The games were Golden rubbers. Cyrus was present and beheld that exercise. From thence, in two encampings, he marched a 1.12 12 Para∣sangs, and came as farre as the Market of the Ceramians, a Citie full of people, the last of the Countrey of Mysia. From thence, in three en∣campings, he marched b 1.13 30 Parasangs, as farre as the Citie called the Plaine of Cayster (a Citie well peopled) where he stayed fiue dayes. By this time, there was due to the Souldiers more than three Moneths pay, which they often demanded, gathering themselues together before Cyrus his doore. But he put them off with hopes, not without manifest signes of discontentment in his countenance. For it was not Cyrus his manner to hold vp payment, when he was furnished with money. Here Epiaxa, the Queene of Syennesis the King of Cilicia, came to Cyrus, and was said to bring vnto him great summes of money, wherewith he payd the Souldiers their entertainment for foure Moneths. This Cilician Queene, had a Guard of Cilicians, and Aspendians, about her. The report went, that Cyrus was verie familiar with her. From hence, in two en∣campings he proceeded * 1.14 10 Parasangs, euen as far as Thymvrium, a well inhabited Citie. Neere the way leading to this Citie, there is a Fountaine, called the Fountaine of Mydas King of Phrygia, where the fame is, that Mydas hunted the Satyr, mingling the water of the Fountaine with wine. From thence, in two encampings, he marched 10 Parasangs, and came to Tyriaeum, a Citie full of people; He remained there fiue dayes. Whilst he was there, the report goes, the Cilician Queene requested him to shew her his Armie, whose request, he being desirous to satisfie, tooke a muster of the Grecians, and Barbarians, in the Plaine neere adioyning. He comman∣ded the Grecians to order, and range themselues according to their won∣ted manner of embattailing, euerie Leader directing his owne Souldiers. They were therefore ordered c 1.15 foure in depth. Menon, & those with him, had the right Wing; Clearchus, and his Souldiers, the left; The other Commanders, the middest. Cyrus, and the Queene, he in his Chariot, she in her Coach, rid vp and downe, and first viewed the Barbarians (who passed by, and aduanced in Troops, and Companies) and then afterward the Grecians. They had euerie man a Brazen Head-peece, a Scarlet Coat, Greues, and a polished and bright Target. When he had passed by all, staying his Chariot before the middest of the Phalange, he sent Pigres his Interpreter, to the Grecian Coronels, willing them to command a Charge (as if they were to giue vpon the Enemie) and to moue forward with the whole Phalange, who gaue warning hereof to their Souldiers. No sooner therefore had the Trumpet sounded, but they straightwayes ad∣uanced, d 1.16 holding out their weapons as in a Charge, and then mending their pace, and giuing a shout, they fell of themselues into a Plaine,

running toward their Tents.* 1.17 Both the other Barbarians were taken with sodaine feare, and also the Cilician Queene forsooke her Coach, and the Market-folke, leauing their wares behind, shifted away euerie one to saue himselfe. The Grecians not without laughter, held on forward to their Tents. The Cilician Queene wondred not a little at the beautie and order of the Armie, and Cyrus tooke as much pleasure to behold the Barbari∣ans put into such a feare by the Grecians. From hence, in three encam∣pings, he marched 20 Parasangs, and came to Iconium,* 1.18 the last Citie of Phrygia. He stayed there three dayes, and from hence, he marched in fiue encampings thorow Lycaonia, 30 Parasangs.* 1.19 He suffered the Gre∣cians to spoile this Countrey, as Enemie. From hence Cyrus sent away the Cilician Queene by the neerest way to Cilicia, and with her he sent Menons Regiment, and Menon the Thessalian himselfe. Cyrus, with the rest, marched thorow Cappadocia, 25 Parasangs in foure encampings, as farre as Dana, a great, wealthy, and well peopled Citie.* 1.20 Here he remained three dayes, within which time, he put to death Megaphernes, a Persian, the Kings Purple Dyer, and another Ruler of great authority, charging them with Treason against himselfe. From hence they attempted to breake into Cilicia, but the entrance was so narrow,* 1.21 that more than one Chariot could not passe at once, and withall, exceeding steepe, and vnpassable for an Armie, in case resistance were made. The fame was, that Syennesis had planted himselfe in the highest of the Straights,* 1.22 to de∣fend the passage, which was the cause, that the Armie staid in the Plaine one day. The next day, there came a Messenger bringing tydings, that Syennesis had left the Straights, after he perceiued that Menons Troopes were alreadie beyond the Mountaines in Cilicia, and heard that a Fleet of Lacedemonian Gallies, and another of Cyrus, were vnder saile, to passe from Ionia to Cilicia, vnder the leading of Tamon. Cyrus ascended the Mountaines without resistance of any Man, and found the Tents yet standing, of those that were in guard of the Mountaines. From thence, he descended into a great, beautifull, and well watered Plaine,* 1.23 and reple∣nished with all manner of Trees, and with Vines. It beareth abun∣dance of Sesamum, and Panick, and Millet, and Wheat, and Barley.* 1.24 It is inuironed on euerie side from Sea to Sea, with abrupt, and high Moun∣taines. Descending from this Mountaine, in foure encampings, he mar∣ched 25 Parasangs, thorow Cilicia as farre as Tarsus, a great,* 1.25 and rich Citie of Cilicia. In that Citie was the Palace of Syennesis, King of Cilicia. Thorow the middest of this Citie, runneth the Riuer named Cydnus,* 1.26 being 200 foot in breadth. The Inhabitants thereof, excepting such as bought and sold, left the Citie, and fled to the Mountaines with Syennesis. But the Inhabitants of Solos, and Issos, which stand neere the Sea, held themselues to their homes. Epiaxa, the Wife of Syennesis, arriued at Tarsus, fiue dayes before Cyrus. But in the tops of the Mountaines, that stretcht towards the Plain,* 1.27 two 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 (or Companies) of Menons Regiment were lost. Some say, that being busie in pillage, they were cut off by the Cilicians; Other some, that they were left behind not able to find the rest

of the Troops, nor the waies which they were to passe, and were lost in wandring vp and downe. Their number was about 100 armed Foot. The rest comming to Tarsus, sacked the Citie, and the Palace in it, in a rage for the losse of their Companions. Cyrus entring the Citie, sent for Syennesis, who returned answer, that as he neuer yet had committed himselfe to the hands of a Man better than himselfe, so he would not now begin. In which minde he continued, till his Wife perswaded him to the contrarie, and till he had taken assurance from Cyrus. After that they met, Syennesis gaue Cyrus great summes to vphold his Armie. Cyrus againe gaue him gifts, such as he thought honourable, and much estee∣med amongst Kings; As namely, a Horse with a golden bitt, a Chaine of gold, Bracelets, a Sword decked with gold, a Persian garment, and freedome of his Land from spoile; As also, restitution of the Slaues, which were taken in spoile by the Souldiers, wheresoeuer he could find them.* 1.28 Cyrus, and the Armie, remained here 20 dayes, for the Souldiers plainly denied to goe any further, imagining now they were led against the King, which they said, was no part of their agreement. Clearchus was the first that went about to force his Souldiers to proceed, but they, as soone as he offered to goe forward, cast Stones at him, and at his carriage Beasts.* 1.29 And surely he hardly escaped stoning. But afterward perceiuing it was in vaine to vse force, he called his Souldiers to an assembly; and first he stood weeping a good time, which they seeing, wondred at, and kept silence. Afterwards he spake thus:

My fellow Souldiers, wonder not that the present state of this businesse toucheth me to the quicke, for Cyrus hath made himselfe mine Host, being banished out of my Coun∣trey, and not only done me other honours, but also giuen me 10000 Darickes: which I taking, hoorded not vp for mine owne priuate vse, and pleasure, but disbursed them vpon you. And first I made warre vpon the Thracians, and with your helpes reuenged the wrongs they did vnto Greece, chasing them out of Cheronesus, whilst they endeuoured to take that Land from the Grecians. But when Cyrus called for me, I tooke you with me, and went to Cyrus, to the end in his need to shew my selfe thankful for his former kindnesse and fauours towards me. But since you please to goe no further, I must of necessitie either forsake you and apply my selfe to his friendship, or deceiue his hopes, and remaine still with you. For my part (I know not whether I am in the right or not) I will rather chuse you, and with you partake such fortune as God shall send. Neither shal any man euer say, that I led the Grecians against the Barbari∣ans, & embracing the friendship of the Barbarians betrayed the Grecians. And because it pleaseth you neither to be perswaded by, nor yet to fol∣low me, I will follow you, and with you willingly vndergoe whatsoeuer shall happen. For my resolution is, that you are my countrey, my friends, and my fellowes in Armes, and that with your presence, I shall be hono∣rable, wheresoeuer I become: Being depriued of you, I shall neither be able to pleasure a friend, nor to be reuenged vpon an enemie. Wherefore I would haue you thinke assuredly, that whithersoeuer you goe, thither

will I goe with you.

Thus he spake. His owne Souldiers, and others hea∣ring these words, and that he purposed not to goe against the King, com∣mended him much, and aboue 2000 of Xenias, and Pasions Souldiers ta∣king with them their Armes and Carriages, came and encamped with Clearchus. Cyrus doubting the sequell of these things, and somewhat aggrieued in his minde, sent for Clearchus, who refused to goe vnto him, but secretly without the Souldiers knowledge willed him to be of good courage, for he doubted not, but all should be well. Onely he desi∣red him to send for him once more, albeit he signified before hand, that he would denie to come. Afterward, gathering together his owne Souldiers, and the other that quartered with him, and as many besides as list to heare, he said thus:

My fellow Souldiers, the affaires of Cyrus with vs, and ours with him, stand almost vpon one foot, and carrie no great difference: For neither are we his Souldiers any more, because we follow him not, nor yet is he to giue vs any more entertainment. I know well he thinketh himselfe much wronged by vs, which is the cause I refused to goe vnto him, when I was sent for, especially being ashamed, & touched in conscience, that I had deceiued his hopes. Further I feared lest lay∣ing hands vpon me, he might perhaps inflict some seuere punishment for the wrong I haue done him. I am therefore of opinion, that it is high time for vs not to sleepe, nor be carelesse of our selues, but to take coun∣sell what is to be done: for if we be forced to stay here, it is to be consi∣dered, after what sort we may stay with most safetie: If to depart, how we may most securely depart, and how recouer things necessarie for our iourney. For without these, neither Ge••erall, nor common Souldier is able to atchieue any thing. As for Cyrus, where he is a friend, he is a sure friend, and highly to be prised; where an enemie, no man more sowre, nor more enemie-like. Besides, he hath Forces of Foot, of Horse, and Shipping, which we all see, and verie well vnderstand, as being quartered not farre from his Campe. So that it is high time for any man to vtter what he thinketh.

Hauing spoken thus, he held his peace. Then arose some of their owne accord, who deliuered their opinions. Other some by his subornation, shewed the impossibilitie of going or staying, without the good will of Cyrus. One making semblance of hasting into Greece with all speed, aduised to chuse other Generals quickly, in case Cle∣archus refused to leade away, and to buy things requisite for the iourney (for there was a Market, said he, in the quarter of the Barbarians) and immediatly to trusse vp their baggage, and goe to Cyrus, and require Shipping, to depart in: And in case he refuse to giue them, to desire a guide to leade vs thorow the Countrey as friends. If he refuse that also, then presently to put the Armie in Battell array, and to dispatch away some, to seise vpon the height of the Straights, that neither Cyrus preuent vs, nor yet the Cilicians, abundance of whose persons and goods, we haue preid and carrie with vs. Thus much spake he. Then answered Clearchus in this manner: Let no man once imagine, that I will take vpon me the place of Generall ouer this Armie (for there are many things that

disswade me from it) But if you shall thinke good to chuse any other man, I will not faile to obey him to my vttermost; that you may see, I know as well to be commanded, as any man else whosoeuer. After Clearchus, another arose, shewing the simplicitie of him, that aduised to require Shipping of Cyrus, as though he had no further vse for it, and what a shallownesse it would be, to require that of a Generall, which if he granted, his enterprise should be quite ouerthrowne. And if we were in any thing to trust the guide, that Cyrus should giue vs, why commanded we not Cyrus to take the top of the Hils for vs? For my part, I would be thorowly aduised, ere I went into Ships of his prouiding, lest he sinke both vs and them; and would feare his guide, left he leade vs to a place, from whence there were no comming off. I had rather goe hence with∣out Cyrus his knowledge, if there were any meanes to hide my depar∣ture from him: but that is a thing impossible, as also I say, these are all idle conceits: for my aduice, I would thinke it expedient, to send fit men with Clearchus vnto Cyrus, to enquire, wherein he will be pleased to vse our seruice, and if the action be like vnto those, wherein he hath heretofore imployed Strangers, to follow him, and to shew our selues no worse, then they were, that heretofore ascended to his father with him. But if the enterprise seeme greater, and of more labour, and more perill, than other former enterprises haue been, to desire him either to perswade vs, and so to leade vs with him, or else to yeeld to our perswasions, and friendly to dismisse vs. For so both in following him, we shall follow as friends, readie to doe him seruice, and in returning, returne with safetie. What answer he maketh, I thinke necessarie to be reported to the Armie, that we may consult vpon it accordingly. This was decreed by the whole assembly, and chosen men sent with Clearchus to make demands to Cyrus, according to the resolution of the Assembly. Cyrus answered, that he had newes, that Abrocomas an enemie of his, was at the Riuer Euphrates, which was about 12 encampings from thence: That he went against him, and if he found him there, he would be reuenged vpon him; if he fled away, we will deliberate then, said he, what is to be done. The chosen men made report hereof to the Souldiers, who albeit they had a suspition, they were led against the King, yet decreed to hold on. When they demanded of Cyrus an augmentation of pay, hee promised them halfe as much more as they had before,* 1.30 namely, in stead of one Da∣rick the month, a Darick and an halfe to euery souldier. But all this while no man heard in publike,* 1.31 that they were led against the King. From thence he marched ten Parasangs in two encampings, as farre as the Ri∣uer Pharos, whose bredth was 300 foot. From thence in one encam∣ping a 1.32 fiue Parasangs, and came to the Riuer Pyramus, whose bredth is a furlong. From thence in two encampings, b 1.33 15 Parasangs, and came to Issos, the last Citie of Cilicia, a Citie situated vpon the Sea, being well peopled, large and rich. There he remained three daies. Here out of Pelo∣ponnesus came to Cyrus 35 Ships vnder the command of Pythagoras the Lacedemonian. The Admirall of the whole Fleet was Tamos the

Aegyptian, who brought with him 25 other of Cyrus his Ships from Ephesus, with which hee had before besieged Miletus, because that Citie tooke part with Tissaphernes: and this Tamos followed Cyrus against him. Cherisophus the Lacedemonian came with these Ships,* 1.34 whom Cyrus had sent for by name, and brought with him 700 armed foot, with which he serued Cyrus. The Ships anchored hard by Cyrus his Tent. Whilest the Army rested here, the Grecian Mercenaries, which were vnder the pay of Abrocomas, being in number 400 armed foot, reuolted from him, and came to Cyrus, and serued against the King. From hence in one encamp∣ing hee marched fiue Parasangs, euen to the streights of Cilicia, and Syria.* 1.35 These were two walles, of which Syennesis, and a guard of the Cilicians had the defence of the inmost next to Cilicia: The other next Syria was defended by a guard of the Kings souldiers. Thorow the middest of these two runneth the riuer called Kersos, being of the bredth of a hun∣dred foot. The whole distance betweene the two walls is three furlongs, and it admitteth no passage by force, the neather way toward the Sea be∣ing narrow and fenced with strong walles, and the vpper nothing but in∣accessible rockes. In either wall there is a gate set. This passage was the cause that Cyrus sent for his ships, that in them he might transport armed foot both without and within the gates to force a way, if it were so that the enemy sought to make good that place, which he thought Abrocomas with his souldiers, that he had in great number, went about to doe. But Abrocomas did it not: For as soone as he heard, that Cyrus was aduanced into Cilicia, he returned with all speed out of Phoenicia to the King,* 1.36 hauing with him, as it is reported, an army of thirtie Myriads of men. From hence he marched in one encamping thorow Syria fiue Parasangs, euen as farre as Myriandrum a Citie inhabited by the Phoenicians,* 1.37 and situated vpon the Sea. This towne is a place of trafficke, and many ships of bur∣then rode in the Hauen. There he remained seuen daies,* 1.38 and Xenias the Arcadian Coronell, and Pasion of Megara shipping themselues, and their goods of most esteeme, sayled homeward discontented (as it was thought by most) because Cyrus suffered Clearchus to keepe their souldi∣ers, which refusing to goe any further against the King, remoued into his campe, with intent to returne into Greece. As soone as they were out of sight, the rumour went that Cyrus pursued them with gallies, and some wished they might be taken, as men that had vsed trechery: Other some pittied them, and feared their danger in case they were taken.* 1.39 Cyr••s calling the Coronells together, said, Xenias and Pasion haue forsaken vs.

But let them know for certaintie, that neither they are so secretly fled, but that I am informed whither they are gone, nor yet that they are out of my reach, for I haue gallies enow that will easily (if I list) fetch vp their ship. But indeed it is not my purpose to pursue them: neither shall it be said, that I vse the seruice of any man so long, as he is willing to follow me, and when he is desirous to be gone, arrest him, and intreat him ill, and spoile him of that, he hath. But, as I said, let them goe, and vnderstand, that they deale worse with vs, than wee with them: And al∣beit

I haue their wiues and children at Tralles in custodie, yet shall they not be defrauded, but haue them safely deliuered into their hands, in re∣spect of their former seruice to mee.

So much Cyrus. The Grecians hearing the worthy disposition of Cyrus, euen those that before were slacke and backward in the iourney, followed him now more willingly and cheerefully.* 1.40 From thence in foure encampings he marched twentie Parasangs to the riuer Chalos, a riuer a 1.41 100 foot broad, which was full of great tame fish, which the Syrians thinke to be gods, and therefore suffer them not to be harmed no more than they doe Pigeons. The villages wherein they encamped pertained to Parisatis, being giuen to her for her maintenance.* 1.42 From thence in 5 encampings, he marched 30 Parasangs, as farre as the head of the riuer Daradaces, which was 100 foot in bredth: there was the Palace of Belesis, who sometimes gouerned Syria, & a very large and beautifull Parke stored with all kinde of fruit, and wanting no∣thing that growes at any time of the yere. Cyrus cut downe the trees ther∣of and burned the Palace. From thence in three encampings he marched fifteene Parasangs,* 1.43 euen as farre as the Riuer Euphrates, whose bredth is three furlongs. A great and rich Citie is built vpon Euphrates, which is called Thapsacus, where the army remained fiue daies. Cyrus sending here for the Commanders of the Grecians told them, that his purpose was to lead against the great King, willing them to signifie so much to the soul∣diers, and to perswade them to follow. They calling an assembly, decla∣red all that was deliuered vnto them. The Souldiers were offended with the Commanders, alleaging they knew as much before and concea∣led it, and refused absolutely to stirre a foot forward, vnlesse they had such rewards assured them,* 1.44 as the other Grecians had that before ascen∣ded vp with Cyrus to his father: who notwithstanding went not to fight, but onely waited vpon Cyrus when his father sent for him. The Com∣manders reported those things to Cyrus, who promised to giue euery man fiue pounds of siluer as soone as they came to Babylon,* 1.45 and to conti∣nue their whole pay vntill they were sent backe and came into Ionia. Most part of the Grecians yeelded to these conditions. But Menon, before it was knowne what the other souldiers purposed to do, & whether they would follow Cyrus or no, called his owne Regiment apart, and spake vnto them in this sort.* 1.46

My Companions (quoth he) if you will be ruled by mee, you shall without danger or labour be more esteemed of Cyrus than all the rest. What then would I haue you doe? Cyrus at this in∣stant is intreating the Grecians to follow him against the King. This is therefore my counsell, that wee passe ouer Euphrates before it appeare what answer the other Grecians will deliuer vnto Cyrus. For if they re∣solue to follow him, it will seeme that you that first began to passe, are the cause thereof, and Cyrus will both thanke and reward you, as the most forward of all the rest (for he knowes how to doe it as well as any man) but if they resolue the contrarie, we will all returne ouer the riuer backe againe. So shall it come to passe that Cyrus will vse vs both for Garrisons, and for Commanders, as the most obedient and most faith∣full

souldiers of his Armie, and if there bee any thing else you shall re∣quest of him, I assure my selfe you shall finde him your especiall friend.

The souldiers hearing this, yeelded to his perswasion, and passed the ri∣uer before the other could resolue vpon an answer. Cyrus perceiuing they were passed ouer, was glad at heart, and sent Glous vnto them, wil∣ling him to say in his name; Cyrus at this present praiseth and commen∣deth you, but he will indeuour to giue you cause hereafter to praise him, else would he not haue you thinke him to be Cyrus. The souldiers filled with great hopes, wished him good successe in all designes. It is said, he sent rich presents vnto Menon. This done, he passed the riuer,* 1.47 and the whole Armie after him, and not a man was wet aboue his brests in wa∣ding ouer. The Thapsacens report that the riuer was neuer passed ouer on foot before, but with shipping alone, which Abrocomas had burnt, to the intent to hinder Cyrus in his passage. This seemed to be a miracle, and that the riuer gaue way to Cyrus, portending hee should be King. From thence in nine encampings hee marched fiftie Parasangs thorow Syria▪ and they came to the riuer Araxes,* 1.48 where were many villages re∣plenished with Corne and Wine. There remained they three dayes, and made prouision of victualls. From thence in fiue encampings in the wil∣dernesse he marched thorow Arabia 35 Parasangs,* 1.49 hauing Euphrates on the right hand. The territorie of this Countrey was a Plaine all ouer, e∣uen like vnto the Sea, but full of wormewood, and if any shrubs or reeds grew there, they yeelded a sweet sauour like vnto spices, but there was not a tree to be seene. Of vntamed beasts, the most were wilde Asses,* 1.50 and not a few Ostriches. There were also Bustards and wilde Goats. These asses being chaced first fled on afore, and afterward turned and stood at a gaze (for they were much swifter than a horse) & again did the like when a horse came neere them. So that it was a matter impossible to take them, vnlesse the horsemen hunted with their horses placed in distance, and taking the chace one from another. The flesh of them being caught is in taste like a red Deere, sauing that it is a little more tender. No man could lay hand vpon an Ostrich, and the horsemen that gaue her chace soone quitted it. For she runs away flying vsing her feet for course, & lifting vp her selfe with her wings, as it were with the sailes of a ship. As for the Bu∣stards, they are easily caught if a man sodainly spring them: for they both make a short flight as Partriges doe, and are soone weary. The flesh of them is very delicate & pleasant. Proceeding on thorow this country the Armie came to the Riuer Masca, which carrieth 100 foot in bredth.* 1.51 Here was a great Citie, but dispeopled, named Corsote, which hath the Riuer Masca running round about it, where they staied three daies ma∣king prouision for the Armie. From hence in thirteene encampings in the wildernesse Cyrus marched 90 Parasangs,* 1.52 hauing Euphrates on his right hand, & came to the streights. In these encampings many carriage-beasts were lost for want of food. The inhabitants digging out and fashioning milstones about the riuer, carried them to Babylon and sold them, buying with the price victualls to maintaine their liues. The Army

was now destitute of victuall, neither was there any to be bought else∣where than only in the Lydian market amongst the Barbariās that follow∣ed Cyrus, where a a 1.53 Capitha of meale was sold for foure Sicles: a Sicle is va∣lued at 7 Attick b 1.54 Oboli, & a half, and a Capitha containes 2 Atticke Chaenices. The Souldiers therefore fed vpon flesh. These encampings were a great distance one from another, & they fell out to be the longer because Cyrus was forced to march on till he came either to water or fodder. And if it chanced that the way leading thorow streights or mire were hardly passa∣ble for the Chariots, Cyrus would stay with the best and gallantest of his traine, & command Glous or Pigres to take some of the Barbarian army, & draw the Chariots out of the mire. And in case they seemed too slow, he would,* 1.55 as it were in anger, command the strongest of the Persians that followed him, to put to their hands and free the chariots. There might a man haue beheld no smal peece of obedience. For casting off their skarlet cloaks (called Candyes) in the place where euery one stood, they hasted, as if a man should runne for a wager, euen against the steepnesse of hills, be∣ing clad with rich coats, and embrodered breeches, & some of them with chaines of gold about their neckes, and bracelets about their wrests; and yet with these leaping quickly into the mire, they hoysed, and brought out the wagons sooner than a man would haue imagined. In a word, Cyrus spared no manner of diligence all the way to haste the iourney for∣ward, staying in no place vnlesse there, where he must needs furnish him∣selfe with prouision, or else set downe for some other necessary cause; conceiuing the more speed he made, the rather he should surprise the King, and fall vpon him at vnawares; and the more he loitered, the grea∣ter Armie the King should be able to raise. For it was easie for any man that would marke, to perceiue, that the Kings dominion was strong in largenesse of Territories, and multitudes of men, but weake in length of waies, and separation of his forces, in case warre were roundly moued against him. Beyond Euphrates, and the encampings in the wildernesse, there was a great and rich Citie, the name whereof was Carmanda, out of which the Armie made their prouision passing ouer in boats,* 1.56 which boats were contriued vpon the sudden in this sort:* 1.57 The skins which they vsed for couerings, they filled with light hay and chaffe, binding and sowing them so close that the water could not come into the chaffe, and vpon those, they went ouer and got prouision, which was wine pressed out of Palme nuts, & corne called Millet, whereof there was great plentie in this country.* 1.58 Here a controuersie falling out betwixt a Souldier of Cle∣archus and another of Menons Regiment, Clearchus commanded Menons Souldier to be beaten, iudging him to be in the wrong. This Souldier went to his owne quarter, and complained hereof to his companions, and they hearing what had passed, grew discontent and angry with Clear∣chus. The same day Clearchus going to the passage of the riuer, and there viewing the Market, rid backe to his owne Tent with small attendance thorow Menons quarter. Cyrus was not yet arriued, but was vpon the way comming forward. It fortuned at the same time that one of Menons

Souldiers was hewing Wood, who seeing Clearchus passing by, threw his Hatchet at, but missed him, then threw one Stones, and so another, and then many more, raising a great cry. Clearchus fled to his owne quarter, and forthwith commanded his Souldiers to take Armes. The armed Souldiers he commanded to stay there,* 1.59 resting their Targets against their knees; the Thracians, and the Hors-men, of which he had aboue 40 in his quarter (the most part Thracians) he tooke with him, and galloped against Menons Souldiers; so that both they, and Menon himselfe, were put in a feare, and some ran to their Armes, others stood still, doubting what the sequell would be. Proxenus his turne was to come in the reare that day, with his whole Regiment of Armed,* 1.60 who presently thrust his Troopes in betwixt them both, and laid downe his Armes, entreating Clearchus to forbeare. Clearchus contrariwise was angry be∣cause being so neere stoning, Proxenus vsed so calme words in his extre∣mitie of danger, and willed him to depart from betweene them. Whilest they stood vpon these termes, Cyrus came vp, and was certified how things went, and presently arming himselfe,* 1.61 and attended with most of them that were about him, he galloped in betweene, and spake thus:

Clearchus, and Proxenus, and you the rest of the Grecians that are present, you know not what you doe; For if you fall to fight among your selues, you may well thinke, that this day you shall cut me a peeces, and your selues not long after me. For if our affaires goe ill, all these Barbarians that you see, will be greater enemies to you, than they, who are with the King.

Clearchus hearing these things, came againe to himselfe, and both of them moderating their choller, laid their Armes downe in the place.* 1.62 Proceeding in their iourney from hence, they discouered the footing, and dung of Horses. It seemed the number of the Horse, was about 2000, which going before our Campe, burnt the Fodder, and all other things profitable for vse. Orontes a Persian, neere a ••in to the King, and deemed one of the best Souldiers of Persia, did seeke in former times to betray Cyrus, making warre against him; but being after reconciled to Cyrus, he iournied with him now, and profered,* 1.63 that if Cyrus would let him haue 1000 Horse, he would either by ambush cut off the Scouts of the Enemie, that burnt the Countrey, or would take many of them aliue, and so inhibit their burnings, or at least disable them to report to the King any thing touching the Armie of Cyrus. Cyrus hearing this, held it a matter of importance, and therefore he willed him to take a parcell of Horse out of euerie Troope. Orontes thinking these Horse were readie at his call, writ a Letter to the King, that he would come vnto him with as many Horse, as he could get; Onely he desired, it would please the King, to giue charge to his Hors-men to receiue him as a friend. Besides, he added in his Letters many remembrances, & tokens of his old friend∣ship & faith to the King, and deliuered the letter to a trustie Messenger, as he imagined; who as soone as he receiued it, shewed it to Cyrus. When Cyrus had read the contents, he caused Orontes to be apprehended, & cal∣led into the same tent wherein himselfe was, seuen of the most honorable

Persians he had about him, & commanded the Grecian Leaders, to bring vnto him some number of their armed Foot, whom he appointed to lay downe their Armes at his Tent.* 1.64 They as they were commanded, brought with them about 3000 armed Foot: Cyrus then called Clear∣chus also into Councell, who seemed to him, and to the rest, to be of farre greater reputation, than any other of the Grecians; And he, after ••e came forth,* 1.65 told the Historie of Orontes Iudgement, to his friends, and how it was carried: for secretnesse in this businesse was not enioyned. Clearchus reported then, that Cyrus began after this manner:

My friends, I haue called you together, that consulting with you about this Orontes, I might doe that, which is most iust, both before God, and Men. My Fa∣ther at the first gaue him to be vnder my command; afterward by com∣mandement of my Brother, as he professeth, hauing in possession the Citadell of Sardes, he made warre vpon me; but I pursued him with armes so neere, that he thought it best to forbeare bearing armes against me, and afterward receiued his, and gaue him my right hand in token of reconciliation. He added, Was there any thing, Orontes, I wronged you in after this? Orontes answered, Nothing. Then Cyrus asked him againe, Did not you afterward, being not wronged by me, as your selfe confesse, reuolt to the Mysians, and spoile my Countrey to your vttermost power? I did, said Orontes. And when you found your selfe too weake, did you not fly to the Altar of Diana, saying, you repented of that you had done, and desired pardon, and gaue and tooke of me assurance of no further enmitie betwixt vs? Orontes acknowledged this also. Wherein then (quoth Cyrus) haue I wronged you, that you sought to betray me the third time? When Orontes confessed, he was not wronged; Cyrus asked him, Doe you confesse then, you haue done me wrong? I must needs, quoth Orontes. Then Cyrus asked him againe, will you henceforward then be enemie to my Brother, and friend, and trustie to me?

Although I should, answered he, I shall not seeme so to you. After this, Cyrus said to those that were present: You haue heard, what this man hath done, and said; Begin Clearchus, and giue first your iudgement vpon him. Then said Clearchus:* 1.66 Mine aduice and counsell is, that he be forthwith dispatched out of the way, that we be not troubled with keeping him, and that he hinder vs not to doe good to those, that willingly would be∣come our friends. To this aduice the rest assented. Afterward by com∣mandement of Cyrus, all they that were present, and his kinsmen also, rising vp, tooke hold of Orontes girdle, as of one condemned to die, and men appointed for the purpose led him forth: When he came out, those that were wont to bow to him with reuerence, made then also obeisance, albeit they knew,* 1.67 he was led to die. But being conueighed to the Tent of Artapata, one of the most trustie Mase-bearers of Cyrus, from that time forward, no man saw Orontes aliue, or dead, nor could report the manner of his death (some being of one imagination, some of another) nor yet was there made any Graue or Monument for him. From thence in three encampings,* 1.68 he marched 12 Parasangs, thorow the Countrey of

Babylon.* 1.69 In the third encamping, Cyrus about midnight tooke musters of the Grecians, and Barbarians, in the Plaine where they then were (for he thought, that the next morning, the King would come with his Ar∣mie, and bid him battell) and gaue to Clearchus the command of the right Wing of the Grecians; and to Menon the Thessalian, the left; himselfe ordered his owne people. After musters ended, as soone as it was day, there came Fugitiues from the great Kings Campe, and brought newes to Cyrus touching the Armie of the King. Cyrus calling together the chiefe Commanders, and the Captaines of the Grecians, consulted with them, how he might best order his Armie for fight, and admonished, and incouraged them in these words:

I made choice of you (ô Grecians) to be my Companions in Armes, not because I wanted, or might not haue had plentie of Barbarians, but I chose you for that I esteemed you better, and more to be valued than many multitudes of Barbarians. Shew your selues therefore men worthy of the libertie you enioy, in re∣spect whereof, I hold you also happie. For I would haue you know, that I prise libertie aboue all things I possesse, and aboue many more of grea∣ter worth, than those, I possesse. But to the end you may vnderstand what fight you are at this present to vndergoe, I will in few words declare it vnto you. The number of the enemie is great, and they charge with a great cry. Endure the first, and I am ashamed of the rest: and, am like∣wise ashamed, what manner of men you shall finde the Inhabitants of these Countreys to be. And in case you shew your selues men, and be couragious, and valiant, whosoeuer desireth to returne to his home, I will so send him away, that at his returne, his fellow Citizens shall haue cause to enuie his good hap. But I thinke so to vse the matter, that many shall rather chuse to remaine, and take such part as I shall haue, than to returne home to their Countreys.

Hereupon Gaulites a Fugitiue of Sa∣mos, but faithfull to Cyrus, replied; There are (ô Cyrus) that say, you make large promises by reason of the perill at hand; but in case the suc∣cesse be good, you will forget all. Other some,* 1.70 that although you re∣member, and would, you cannot performe what you promise. Cyrus hearing these things, answered,

My Fathers Kingdome stretcheth toward the South so farre, that for heat, no man is able to inhabit; toward the North, that no man can inhabit for cold; the middlemost parts, are vn∣der the gouernment of my Brothers friends. If we get the victorie, I can doe no lesse, than establish you my friends in the possession of them. So that I feare not (if my iourney prosper) not to haue enough, where∣with to pleasure euerie one of my friends, but I feare rather, I shall not haue friends enow to pleasure. But to you, ô Grecians, to euerie one of you, I will giue ouer and aboue my promise, a Crowne of Gold.

They that heard these things, were much more forward than before, and rela∣ted them to the rest. Many both of the chiefest Commanders, and also some other of the Grecians, went in to Cyrus, demanding what should be their reward, in case they won the day; whom Cyrus sent away full of good hopes. About that time, Clearchus asked Cyrus, Doe you thinke

(Cyrus) your Brother will hazard a battell?* 1.71 If (quoth Cyrus) he be the Sonne of Daerius and Parisatis, and my Brother, I shall neuer obtaine the things, I seeke for, without fight. Here the Grecians being in Armes, were numbred to be a 1.72 10400 Armed, and 2400 Targetiers, the Barbarians with Cyrus b 1.73 10 Myriades, Sythed Chariots about 20. The enemie was said to be 120 Myriades, and about 200 Sythed Chariots. Besides, there were 6000 Horse vnder the leading of Artagerses; they were ranged before the King. There were foure Rulers, or Generals, or Leaders, of the Kings Armie; of whom, euerie one had 30 Myriades vnder his charge; to wit,* 1.74 Abrocomas, Tissaphernes, Gobryas, and Arbaces. But of this number, there were no more, then 90 Myriades present in the battell, and 150 Sy∣thed Chariots. For Abrocomas, although he posted with all speed out of Phoenicia, came fiue daies after the battell. The Fugitiues from the Kings Armie, brought this information to Cyrus before the battell; and those of the enemie, that were intercepted after the battel, confirmed the same. From hence Cyrus in one encamping, marched 3 Parasangs; his whole Armie, both Grecians & Barbarians, being in battell array: for he thought the king would haue fought that day, because at the end of this halfe daies iourney,* 1.75 he found a deepe Trench cast, the bredth whereof was fiue Fa∣thomes, the depth three Fathomes. The trench ran vp into the Countrie 12 Parasangs, thorow the Plain euen as far as the wall of Media, where the Channels begin, that are deriued out of the Riuer Tygris, being in number foure, each of them 100 Foot in bredth, and verie deepe, so that Ships of burthen doe saile in them. They fall into Euphrates, euerie one distant a Parasang from other, and euerie one hauing a Bridge laid ouer it of the bredth of 20 Foot. A narrow way was betwixt the Riuer Euphrates, and this Trench. The great King caused this Trench to be cast for a Fortification, assoone as he heard that Cyrus was on foot. Cyrus and his Armie passed ouer this narrow way, and were come within the Trench. The great King ioined not battell this day, but many Tracts of men and beasts, that retired, might hereabouts be euidently perceiued. Vpon the same day, Cyrus calling to him Silanus the Diuiner of Ambracia, gaue him 3000 Daricks, because 11 daies before offering Sacrifice he told him, that the King would not fight within ten daies. If he fight not within ten daies, quoth Cyrus, he will neuer fight; but if thy saying proue true, I promise to giue thee 10 Talents, and he gaue him that gold then, because the ten daies were past. Now seeing the King did not hinder the passage of Cyrus his Armie ouer that Trench, Cyrus, and the rest, were strongly perswaded, that he determined not to fight, which was the cause, that Cy∣rus had not so great care of his march the next day; and he aduanced the third day after sitting in his Chariot, and the most of his Armie mar∣ched confusedly, and many of the Souldiers Armes were put vpon the Waines, & vpon the cariage beasts. Now it was the time, the Market was full, and the place of encamping, where they should quarter, was at hand, when Patagyas a Persian, one of the faithfullest of Cyrus his Traine, was seene to come vpon the spur, his Horse dropping with sweat, crying out

in the Persian and Greeke Language; that the King was hard by with an huge Armie readie, and prepared for fight. This newes made a great confusion, and as well the Grecians, as all the rest, imagined they should be charged in this disorder. Cyrus leaping from his Chariot, put on his Curace, and getting on Hors-back, tooke his Darts in his hand, and com∣manded the rest to Arme, and euerie man to take his place.* 1.76 Then with great diligence they ordered themselues, Clearchus in the point of the right Wing, by the Riuer Euphrates, Proxenus next vnto him, and the other after Proxenus. Menon, and his Regiment, had the point of the left Wing of the Grecian battell. Of the Barbarians, about 1000 Paphlagonian Hors-men stood by Clearchus on the right hand, and all the Targetiers of the Grecians. On the left hand of the whole Phalange, Arieus, Cyrus his Lieutenant Generall, and the remnant of the Barbarians. Cyrus himselfe held the middest with 600 Hors-men, which were armed with great Cu∣races and tases, and all of them with Caskes, except Cyrus alone. Cyrus stood waiting the fight with his head vnarmed: It is said, that other Per∣sians also, when they hazard battell, fight with their heads vnarmed. All the Horse that serued vnder Cyrus, had both Frontlets and Brest-plates; the Hors-men had Grecian Swords also. It was now mid-day, and the enemie was not yet come in sight; but when mid-day was past, first a dust appeared like vnto a Cloud, and a little while after, a kinde of black∣nesse spread ouer the whole Plaine. When they came somewhat neerer, a man might discerne the shining of Brasse, and their Speares, and array were easily discouered. And on the left Wing of the enemie,* 1.77 were pla∣ced Hors-men armed with white Curaces, who were reported to be vnder the command of Tissaphernes, next to whom were placed the Wickar Targetiers, and hard by them armed Foot, that caried long Woodden Targets, reaching downe to their feet. They were said to be Aegyptians; then other Hors-men, and other Archers, all according to their Nations; and euerie Nation was cast into a Plesium (or square battell) full of men, and before them, the Sythed Chariots,* 1.78 distant a good space one from ano∣ther. These Chariots had on the sides Sythes prominent, and bearing straight forth from the Axeltrees, and some from the former Seat of the Chariot, with their points turned toward the ground, to the end to cut a peeces whatsoeuer they met, and strooke vpon. The Kings purpose was to send them with high speed against the rankes of the Grecians, to breake and rent them in peeces. Cyrus in a speech (heretofore deliuered) ex∣horting, and encouraging the Grecians, gaue them to vnderstand, it should be enough only to endure the cry and shout of the Barbarians. But he was therein greatly deceiued; for they aduanced not with a cry, but with as great silence, and quietnesse, as was possible, continuing still in an equall and slow pace. Cyrus at this time galloping vp to the right Wing with Pigres his Interpreter, and with three or foure more, cried out to Clearchus, to lead the Grecians against the middest of the enemies battell,* 1.79 because the King was there; for if it be ouercome, quoth he, there is no more for vs to doe. Clearchus seeing the middest of the battell, and

hearing from Cyrus, that the King was farre without the point of the left wing of the Grecian Phalange (for the king so abounded in multitude, that all the middest of his battell stretched, and was extended without the left Wing of Cyrus his Troopes) would not for all that draw away the right Wing from the Riuer,* 1.80 fearing to be ouerfronted, and incom∣passed on both sides: but answered Cyrus, He would haue a care, that all things should goe well. In the meane time, the Barbarians Army ad∣uanced equally, but the Grecians remaining in the same place, increased still, and ordered their Troops, as they came on. And Cyrus putting forth a little before the rest, viewed both Armies at a good distance, ca∣sting his eyes sometimes vpon the enemie, sometimes vpon his friends, whom when Xenophon the Athenian, being amongst the Grecians, percei∣ued, he spurred his Horse to meet him, and when he was come vp, as∣ked, if he would command any thing; Cyrus pausing a little, said, Tell all your people, that the beast sacrif••ced, and the inwards, promise vs good lucke. In speaking this, he heard a murmuring, that ran along cleane thorow the Grecian Troopes, and asked, what noise it might be, and what it meant; Xenophon told him, the Word was now giuen the second time. He m••ruailed who had betraied the Word, and asked, what the new Word was;* 1.81 Xenophon answered, Iupiter the Sauiour, and Victorie: which Cyrus hearing, I accept it, said he, and let it be so. After he had thus spoken, he returned to his owne pla••••. And now the two Phalanges were not aboue three or foure Furlongs one from another, when the Grecians sang the Paan,* 1.82 and set forward against the enemie. The part of the Phalange which aduanced, swelled toward the Front, as it had been a waue of the Sea, and the hinder part began to follow apace, and all shouted (as they are wont in a Furie Martiall) and all ran on at once.* 1.83 Some also report, that they beat their Pikes vpon their Targets, to the end to scare the Horses. Before they came within an Arrowes shot, the Barbarians turned their Horses, and fled. The Grecians followed the chace with all speed, and cryed one to another, not ••o run and haste too much, but to follow in good order. The Chariots, void of guides, were caried, some vpon the enemies themselues, some vpon the Grecians, who vpon a forecast opened, and let them passe thorow; yet were there some that were ouerthrowne for feare, as it is wont to happen in a Horse race, who notwithstanding were reported to haue had no harme, nor yet any other Grecian in this whole fight, one only excepted, who was strucken with an Arrow in the left side. Cyrus seeing the Grecians haue the victo∣rie against their aduersaries, and hotly pursuing them, reioiced much, and was now worshipped of those,* 1.84 that were about him, as King. Notwith∣standing, he brake not out to follow the c••ace, but keeping by him his Troope of 600 Horse close serred, he obserued what the King had in intention to doe.* 1.85 For he knew well, that his place was in the middest of the Persian Phalange, as it is the manner of all the Persian Commanders, to leade in the middest of their Troopes, conceiuing that they are there in greatest safetie, both because their strength is equally diuided on both

sides of them, and in case of Commands, the Armie may receiue di∣rections in halfe the time it should, if they were else-where placed. So the King being then in his Station in the middest of his Phalange, and yet without the point of Cyrus his left Wing, and seeing no man to fight against him on the contrarie part, nor yet against the Troopes, that were ranged before him, he wound and turned his battell to the left hand, to the intent to ouerwing and encompasse in his aduersaries; which Cyrus perceiuing, and fearing lest comming on the backes of the Grecians, he should cut them in peeces, he galloped forth, and met him in Front,* 1.86 and charging with his 600 ouercame, and put to flight the 6000 that were ordered before the King; and with his owne hands (as the report goeth) slew Artagerses, one of the Generals of the King.* 1.87 They were no sooner put to flight, but Cyrus his 600 pursuing hotly, were dispersed here and there, except a few, that were left with him, who were for the most part such, as vsually sate at his Table: being accompanied with these, he espied the King, and the Troope, that was about him, and by and by, after he had said, I see the Man, he flew out directly against him,* 1.88 and strooke him on the Brest, and wounded him thorow the Curace, as Ctesias the Physitian reporteth, who reporteth also, that he cured the wound. Whilest Cyrus was thus in fight, one with a Dart hit him a sore blow vnder the eye. The King, and Cyrus, and their Followers in de∣fence of either of them thus coping together, Ctesias (for he was pre∣sent) telleth the number of those, that died about the King; and Cyrus himselfe was also slaine,* 1.89 and eight of his best Followers lay dead vpon him. Artapata, one of the faithfullest of Cyrus Mase-bearers, was said, after he saw Cyrus fallen, to haue alighted from his Horse, and cast him∣selfe vpon him. And some affirme, that the King commanded him to be killed vpon Cyrus; others report, that he killed himselfe, drawing out his owne Sword. For he had a gilt Sword, and wore a Chaine, and Bracelets, and such other Ornaments, as the best of the Persians wore, being of great esteeme with Cyrus for his loue and faithfulnesse towards him. Thus died Cyrus,* 1.90 a man by the opinion of those that had ac∣quaintance with him, of the most Kingly disposition, and most worthy to beare rule, of all the Persians, that succeeded the Elder Cyrus. For first,* 1.91 being but a Child, and brought vp with his Brother, and other Children, he was thought to surmount them all in all things. For all the Children of the best sort of Persians, haue their education at the Kings Gate,* 1.92 where a man may learne much temperance, and where no kind of filthinesse is to be heard or seene; and the Children haue daily conuersant before their eyes, those that are honoured, or disesteemed of the Kings. So that being yet but Children, they learne to rule, and to obey. There Cyrus seemed to be the aptest to learne of all, that were of his age, and to be more obedient to the Elder sort, than those that were farre his inferiours. Besides, to be a great louer of Horses, and to vse them with great skill, and to delight, and be studious of warlike exercise, and of shooting, and darting. When he was in the flower of his age, he

greatly loued hunting, and shunned not danger, when he came to en∣counter with wilde beasts. And when on a time a Beare set vpon him, he feared her not, but buckling with her, was pulled from his horse and receiued those wounds, the skarres whereof he after carried about him, and yet slew her at last. The man, that first came in to his rescue, he re∣warded with royall gifts, and made him more happy, than many others of his time. Afterward when he was sent by his father, and made Sa∣trapa (or Gouernour) of Lydia, and of the greater Phrygia, and of Cap∣padocia, and was declared Generall of the people, that were to assemble and be mustred in the Plaine of Cast••lus,* 1.93 he gaue all men to vnderstand, that he esteemed nothing more, than to keepe faith with whomsoeuer he made league, agreement, or promise. Wherefore the Cities vnder his command beleeued him in all he spake, and particular men euery where beleeued him. And if an Enemie were to come in at any time vpon Cyrus his word, he was easily perswaded of his assurance and safetie; which was the cause, when he moued warre against Tissaphernes, that euery Citie willingly chose to take part with Cyrus, rather than with Tissaphernes, Milet onely excepted: which feared him, for that he would not forsake, but gaue incouragement to the fugitiues of their Citie. For he declared both in deed and word, that after he had once receiued them into his friendship,* 1.94 howsoeuer their number, or fortune afterward fell out to be, he would not cast them off. Besides he made it euident, that in case any man shewed him kindnesse, or were malitious against him, he would doe all he could, to goe beyond him in either of both. And there were, that reported this wish of his, namely, to liue so long, as to be able to ouercome his friends in kindnesses, his Enemies in reuenge. Therefore many men were content to giue vp their riches, Cities, and bodies into his hands,* 1.95 rather than into any mans, tha•• liued in our age. Neither could it be truly said, that he suffered wicked and loose persons to scorne him. For that kinde of people he punished seuerely, and in the common waies were often to be seene men without feet, and hands, and eyes; so that in Cyrus his gouernement both Grecians and Barbarians behauing themselues orderly, might walke, where they list without feare, and car∣ry such things with them, as they thought fitting for their iourney. By all mens confession he extraordinarily honoured men skilfull in the Art Military.* 1.96 The first warre he had, was against the Pisidians and Mysians: Himselfe therefore leading an Army against those countries, if he saw men willingly offer themselues to danger, he made them gouernours of the Country, which he conquered, and honoured them besides with other gifts. Whereby it appeared, that valiant men were happiest, and cowards accounted, as it were, their slaues. And for this cause many willingly put themselues into, and prouoked danger, especially if they imagined, that Cyrus should haue notice thereof. Whosoeuer it was that shewed to the world any notable example of Iustice, he much rather in∣riched him, than those, that fished for gaine out of vniust dealing. There∣fore both many other things were rightly administred by him, and also

he had an army, that might truly be called an Army. For the chiefe Commanders and Captaines resorted vnto him no•• for monies sake, but because they knew, that the seruice of Cyrus was much more to be prised, than their monthly pay. Now his seruants that executed his commands with dexteritie and diligence,* 1.97 he suffered not to goe vnre∣warded. Wherefore the ••ame went, that there was no kinde of worke to be thought vpon, wherein the seruants and workmen of Cyrus did not excell. Ifhe found a man to be a good husband in augmenting his owne wealth without oppression, or in garnishing the Prouince, which he gouerned, with new reuenewes, he was so farre from taking from him, that he gaue him more to that, he had. So that men gladly tooke paines, and boldly held, what they had gotten, and none concealed from Cyrus, the things he possessed. For he seemed not to enuy them, which in open shew were rich, but would often vse the goods of such, as concealed and kept them close. What friends soeuer he chose,* 1.98 and found well affected to him, and iudged able to effect that, which he desired, by the confes∣sion of all men he vsed most obsequiously. For as he needed friends to be fellow-workers of his designes, as he conceiued: so himselfe endeuou∣red to be to his friends, the best fellow-worker of that, which he thought, euery one of them desired. I haue many causes to thinke, he had more presents made vnto him, than any one man of that age whatsoeuer. All these he distributed especially amongst his friends, hauing consideration of euery mans manner of life, and of their need. The things that were sent him for ornament of his bodie, or else fo•• warre, or for other trim∣mings and beautifyings; of these he is reported to haue said, that his owne body could not vse them all, and that his opinon was, that friends well adorned were a mans greatest ornament. But it is no maruell, that being of greater ability he ouercame his friends in kindnesse. This rather seemeth a maruell, that he went beyond them in care, to gratifie and doe them good. For Cyrus oftentimes, when he happened vpon extraordi∣nary pleasant wine, would send them flaggons, with this message: Cyrus hath not tasted more pleasant wine a long time; he hath therfore sent this to you, and desireth you to day to drinke it out with those, that you loue best. Oftentimes also he sent halfe geese, and halfe loaues, and such like, willing the messenger to say, the taste of these pleased Cyrus, and there∣fore he would haue you also to taste them. If at any time there were small store of fodder, it was easie to him to furnish himselfe, by reason of the multitude and diligence of his seruants. Being then so furnished, he vsed to ••end part vnto his friends, and willed them to giue that fodder to the beasts, vpon which they rid, lest they might suffer hunger, af∣ter they had trauelled in carrying his friends. If he iournied any whither in the sight of many, he would call his friends to him, and finde talke with them of purpose, that it might appeare, who they were, that he ho∣noured. Out of which I may truely coniecture, that no man was be∣loued of more either Grecians, or Barbarians, than hee. Let this al∣so be a testimony hereof, that no man sought to flye from Cyrus

(who was but a seruant) vnto the King (that was Master of all) except only Or••••••es (who also found the man, whom he thought his sure friend, more friend to Cyrus than to himselfe) but many after the enmitie brake out betwixt the two Brothers, yea, some whom the King loued best, left him,* 1.99 and came to Cyrus, beleeuing the rewad of Vertue was greater with Cyrus, than with the King. That he was both good himselfe, and could giue true iudgement, who were faithfull, louing, and constant, it is a great argument, that chanced at the end of his life; For when he died, all his friends, and such as were partakers of his Ta∣ble, died fighting ouer his body, sauing onely Ariaeus, he was Commander of the Horse on the left Wing, and, when he percei∣ued, that Cyrus was fallen, fled with the whole Troopes vnder his com∣mand. There the head and right hand of Cyrus were cut off. But the King and his folke following the chace chanced vpon the Campe of Cyrus. The Troopes of Ariaeus made stand no where, but fled out of the Campe to the place, where they last before quartered. The way thither was accounted foure Parasangs in distance:* 1.100 But the King and his Armie spoiled both other things, and tooke Cyrus his Phocean Concu∣bine, called the Wise, and Beautifull. For the Milesian, younger in yeeres than the other, being in hand to the Kings people, escaped away naked to the Grecians, that stood armed by the Baggage; who hauing put them∣selues in order for fight, flew many of the Spoilers, though some of them also were slaine. Notwithstanding they fled not, but saued hir, and saued all whatsoeuer both good•• & men, that were within their custodie. Here the King and the Grecians were 30 Furlongs asunder;* 1.101 th••se last, giuing chace to those enemies that stood against them, as if they had been Con∣querors of the whole Armie enemie; the other, rifling the Campe of the Grecians, as if their whole Armie had gained the victorie. But when the Grecians vnderstood, that the King and his Armie were amongst their Baggage, and the King heard by Tissaphernes, that the Grecians had ouer∣come those, that were opposite against them, and that they proceeded forward giuing chace, he gathered together his dispersed Troopes, and put them in order of battell. And Clearchus calling to him Proxenus (for he was the next vnto him) consulted, whether it were better to send away some few, or whether with their whole Forces they should go to succor the Campe. In the meane time, the King appeared againe, aduancing forward (as it seemed) vpon the reare of the Grecians: the Grecians whee∣ling about their battell,* 1.102 prepared themselues to march on, and to receiue the Kings charge that way. But the King aduanced not, but as before he passed by without the left Wing, so he returned backe againe the same way, taking with him those, that fled to the Grecians during the time of sight, as also, Tissaphernes, and his Troopes: for Tissaphernes fled not in the first encounter,* 1.103 but gaue vpon the Grecian Targetiers by the Riuer side, yet killed he no man in giuing on, for the Grecians opening their battell spee∣dily, left a passage for Tissaphernes, striking and darting at him, and his, as they passed thorow. Episthenes the Amphipolitan, was Captaine of the

Targetiers, esteemed a man of good direction; therefore Tissaphernes de∣parted, as hauing the worst; and making toward the Grecian Campe, met the King there, and both ioining againe their Forces, aduanced forward. After they were now come as far as the left Wing of the Grecians, the Gre∣cians feared the enemie would charge their Wing, and so wrapping in their battell on both sides, cut it in peeces.* 1.104 They therefore thought fit to draw out that Wing in length, and to apply and set their backes against the Riuer. Whilest they were in this consultation, the King changing the forme he was in, ordered his Phalange against them as at first, aduancing as though he meant to charge. And the Grecians seeing the enemie at hand, and ordered for fight, began the Paean againe, and moued forward with much more alacritie, than in the first fight. The Barbarians receiued them not, but fled with greater speed than before. They followed the chace vn∣to a certaine Village, where they made Alt. For aboue the Village, was a hill, vpon the which the Kings Forces were rallied, and stood with their faces toward vs, being no Foot, but Horse alone, and so many as couered the hill. A man could not see what was to be done; some said, they dis∣cerned the Kings Standard, a golden eagle with her wings displaied as on a little Target fixed to the end of a long woodden staffe. When the Gre∣cians aduanced thither also, the Horse forsooke the Hill, not in Troopes, but dispersedly, some scattering here, some there, in the end, all vanished away. Clearchus therefore ascended not the hill himselfe, but making Alt with the Armie at the foot of the hill, sent Lucius the Syracusian and ano∣ther, willing them to get vp the hill, and to discouer, and make report to him of that they saw. Lucius galloped vp the hill, and after he had taken view, returned and told him, that the enemie fled vpon the Spur. Whilest these things were in doing, the Sunne was almost set. Here the Grecians made a stand, and rested themselues, laying downe their Armes;* 1.105 and withall, they wondred they saw not Cyrus, nor any man that came from him; for they knew not, that he was dead, but imagined, that either he followed the chace, or else hasted forward to take in some place of im∣portance, & they consulted, whether it were better to remaine still in the place where they were, & to cause their baggage to be brought to them,* 1.106 or to returne vnto the Campe. At last, they resolued to depart, and about supper time they came to the campe, and so the day ended. When they came there, they found the most of their other goods rifled, and especial∣ly the meat and drinke, and the wainesladen with flower & wine, which Cyrus had prepared to releeue the Grecians,* 1.107 in case the Armie should at a∣ny time be driuen to penurie, and need. They were, as was said, 400 waines, which the Kings Armie spoiled, so that the most part of the Gre∣cians were supperlesse, as also they wanted their dinner that day: for the King came in sight before the Army could rest themselues, and take their dinner. Thus therefore they passed that night.

Finis Libri Primi.

Notes

• * 1.1

  A city of Lydia.
• * 1.2

  The occasion of the diffe∣rence betwixt the Brethren for the trea∣son, see Plu∣tarch in vita Artaxerxis.
• * 1.3

  Peloponesus was that part of Gree••e which is now called Mo∣nea.

  Ionia, a part of Asia the Lesse. Miletus, a Citie of Car••a.
• * 1.4

  Abydus, a Citie lying vpon Hel∣lespont, right a∣gainst Sestos.

  A Darick, was a peece of gold of the value of thirteene shil∣lings.

  Cherronesus, an Island ioyned to the Conti∣nent of Euro∣paean Thra••••, on∣ly by a Necke of Land.
• a 1.5

  〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, a guest, amongst the Grecians was one of another Citie or Nati∣on, that a man admitted into his house, and lodged.

  Thessaly, a coun∣trey of Greece. Boeotia, that part of Greece where the citie Thebes stood. S••ymphalus, a ci∣tie of Arcadia. Achaia, a coun∣trey of Pelopo∣n••sus.

  Pisidia, a Coun∣trey of Asia.
• * 1.6

  Arcadia, a Countrey of Peloponesus.
• * 1.7

  Sard••s, a Citie in Lydia.

  Armed, 11300. Light armed, 2300.

  Megara, a Citie in Greece.

  The Grecians that serued Cy∣rus.
• a 1.8

  A Parasang containeth 30 Stadia, or Fur∣longs, 8 Fur∣longs goe to a Mile, so a Para∣sang is 3 Mile three quarters. 22 Parasangs a∣mount to 82 Miles and a halfe, which being diuided by 3, the quoti∣ent will be 27 and a halfe, so he marched euerie day 27 miles & a halfe.
• b 1.9

  Plethrum, is 100 Foot.
• c 1.10

  67 Miles & a halfe. 22 Miles and a halfe e∣uerie encamp∣ing. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.
• * 1.11

  13000 Armed, and light ar∣med.

  37 Miles and a halfe. The day, 18 miles and more.

  These Games were first insti∣tuted in the honour of Pan, god of Arcadia. Young men ran naked in them. Liuius, l. 1. They were cal∣led Luper••alia a∣mongst the Ro∣••••nes, vide 〈◊〉〈◊〉 A••cadi is, 〈◊〉〈◊〉. 456. num••••o. 3••. 517. num. 40.
• a 1.12

  ••5 Mil•••• Eue∣••y day 22 m••les and a halfe.
• b 1.13

  A g••eat March if it be not mistaken. It amounteth to 112 miles in all. And to more than 37 mile a day. Epiaxa, the Queene of Ci∣licia.
• * 1.14

  37 Miles and a halfe. 18 miles euerie day and aboue.
• c 1.15

  〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. Cl••••••chus, the Chiefe of the Grecian Com∣manders in the le••t Wing.

  A muster of the Army of Cyrus. No Cu••aces.
• d 1.16

  〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.
• * 1.17

  The Grecians put the Barba∣rians in feare.
• * 1.18

  22 Miles and a∣boue, a day.
• * 1.19

  20 Miles and a∣boue, a day.
• * 1.20

  23 Miles and a halfe, and vp∣ward.
• * 1.21

  The entrance into Cilicia.
• * 1.22

  Syennesis, King of Cilicia.
• * 1.23

  Cilicia.
• * 1.24

  A kind of Indi∣an Corne.
• * 1.25

  23 Miles and vpward, a day.
• * 1.26

  Cydnus. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.
• * 1.27

  Lochos, signifi∣eth here a Companie: in Aelia••, it is vsed for a File.
• * 1.28

  The Grecians refuse to goe any further.
• * 1.29

  Clearchus art in drawing them further.
• * 1.30

  20 s. and 6 d.
• * 1.31

  37 miles, and a half. 18 miles & vpwards a day. Three Plethers.
• a 1.32

  18 Mile and vpwards. 600 Foot.
• b 1.33

  28 Miles and more a day.
• * 1.34

  Che••isophus, who afterwards was one of the Co∣ronells.
• * 1.35

  18 Mile and more.

  The streights of Syria.

  The Riuer Chersos.
• * 1.36

  Abrocomas his armie 300000. men.
• * 1.37

  18 Mile and vpward.
• * 1.38

  Xenias & Pasion, two Coronells, forsake Cyrus without leaue.
• * 1.39

  The lenitie of Cyrus.
• * 1.40

  75 Miles, 18 miles and more the day.
• a 1.41

  A Plether. The gods of the Syrians.
• * 1.42

  22 M••les and vpwards a day. A Pl••ther.
• * 1.43

  56 Miles. 18 And more the day. Thapsacus.
• * 1.44

  Vnder the lea∣ding of Xenias.
• * 1.45

  〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 amongst the Greciās was of the value of 58 s—4 d. the whole summe is-14 li. 11 s-8 d.
• * 1.46

  Menons subtilty.
• * 1.47

  Euphrates a deepe riuer.
• * 1.48

  187 Mile and vpwards; aboue 20 mile a day.
• * 1.49

  Arabia.
• * 1.50

  Wilde Asses. Ostriches. Bustards.
• * 1.51

  A Plether.
• * 1.52

  337 Miles and a halfe, which amounteth to 25 Miles and vpward the day
• a 1.53

  A Capitha con∣taineth halfe a pecke of our measure.

  A Chaenix a quarter of a pecke.
• b 1.54

  Obolus Atticus is taken for pe∣ny farthing of our money.
• * 1.55

  The cause of long marches.
• * 1.56

  Carmanda.
• * 1.57

  Boats for a shift.
• * 1.58

  Seditious Soul∣diers put all in danger.
• * 1.59

  〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.
• * 1.60

  The Coronels mar••hed by turnes. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.
• * 1.61

  Cyrus stilleth the contenti∣on.
• * 1.62

  〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.
• * 1.63

  A faire pre∣tence of a trai∣tor.
• * 1.64

  〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.
• * 1.65

  The manner of proceeding in iudgement a∣gainst Orontes.
• * 1.66

  His condem∣nation.
• * 1.67

  His execution.
• * 1.68

  45 Mile, 15 a day.
• * 1.69

  Ordering of the battell.
• * 1.70

  The largenesse of the Persian Kingdome.
• * 1.71

  Cyrus foot were 112800.
• a 1.72

  〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.
• b 1.73

  Euery Myri∣ade is 10000.
• * 1.74

  The king•• foot 900000.
• * 1.75

  A Fathome containeth two yards.
• * 1.76

  The order of Cyrus his battel. The place of the Comman∣ders. Of the battell of Gre∣cians.

  Light armed of the Grecians. Ariaeus is after∣ward called General of the Horse.

  〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.
• * 1.77

  The order of the Persians. The arming of the Aegyptians.
• * 1.78

  A Plesium. Battalions. The place of the Chariots. See my Notes vpon the 11 ch. of Aelian.
• * 1.79

  Plutarch ac∣counteth this a fault in Clear∣chus, in vita Ar∣taxerxis.
• * 1.80

  Remedy a∣gainst ouer-winging.
• * 1.81

  The Word.
• * 1.82

  A Militarie Song.
• * 1.83

  Alexander gaue direction to his souldiers to doe the like. The victorie of the Grecians.
• * 1.84

  Cyrus warinesse in his good successe.
• * 1.85

  The place of the K. of Persia in a battell.
• * 1.86

  Horse in front.
• * 1.87

  An error in too ••arnest pursuit.
• * 1.88

  Cyrus his valor.
• * 1.89

  The death of Cyrus.
• * 1.90

  The praise of Cyrus.
• * 1.91

  His childhood.
• * 1.92

  The K. of Persi∣aes Gate.
• * 1.93

  His keeping of his word.
• * 1.94

  His thankful∣nesse.
• * 1.95

  Strictnesse in punishment.
• * 1.96

  His esteeme of Souldiers.
• * 1.97

  Loue & kind∣nesse to his seruants.
• * 1.98

  To his friends.
• * 1.99

  The loue that all men bore to Cyrus.
• * 1.100

  15 Miles. The Gre••ian Ca••pe taken by the King.
• * 1.101

  Three Mile & three quarters.
• * 1.102

  〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉
• * 1.103

  Tissaphernes chargeth the Grecians.
• * 1.104

  Remedy a∣gainst encom∣passing.
• * 1.105

  〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.
• * 1.106

  The Grecians return to their Campe.
• * 1.107

  Cyrus his pro∣uision for the Grecians.