An abridgement of the notable woorke of Polidore Vergile conteignyng the deuisers and firste finders out as well of artes, ministeries, feactes & ciuill ordinaunces, as of rites, and ceremonies, commo[n]ly vsed in the churche: and the originall beginnyng of the same. Co[m]pendiously gathered by Thomas Langley

The third booke. (Book 3)

The fyrst Chapiter. ¶The inuencion of husbandry with other thinges concernyng the same.

HVSBANDRY or tyllynge the ground Diodo∣rus sayeth,* 1.1 was excogitat by Di¦onisius amonge the Egyptians,* 1.2 In Grece & A∣sia by Triptole∣mus: as Iustine writeth,* 1.3 in Italy Sa∣turnus: but Virgil wytnesseth, that Ceres was fyrst inuentrice of it. Ne∣uertheles Iosephus declareth that it was perceiued and founde by Cain Adams eldest sōne.* 1.4 In the beginnyng men liued by Acornes,* 1.5 and other fru∣tes of the yearth tyl Ceres, as Plinie telleth, taught thē of Athens, Italy, & Sicilie to sowe corne, whiche afore grewe among other herbes. Diodo∣rus referreth the inuencion of it to Isis. Albeit, Iustine affyrmeth that Triptolemus found it in the tyme of Herichtheus kyng of Athens, but Di¦odorus

saieth he lerned of Ceres, and had commaundemente to teache it a∣broade. In Italy Saturne instituted sowyng as Macrobie testifyeth, Pi∣tumnus taught men fyrst to mucke & compasse their land, and his brother Pilumnus taught menne to bake and grynde,* 1.6 but Plinie saieth that Arge∣us a kyng in Grece taught menne to dunge their lādes in the tyme of Ho∣mere.* 1.7 And Hercules afterwarde pu∣blished it in Italy. Diodorus witne∣seth that Dionisius the seconde yo∣ked oxen to the plough fyrst, wheras afore it was laboured by hande,* 1.8 Bri∣ges an Athenien, or as some reporte Triptolemus, & some say one Osiris found the plough: Trogus dyd saye that it was Habis kyng of Spayne that taught fyrst to plowe and sowe.* 1.9 Instrumentes of husbandry, as Vir∣gyl supposeth Ceres founde out,* 1.10 but we must take it that these men afore rehersed dyd teache it fyrst in sundry places, for it is manyfest that afore their tyme the Hebrues and Egypti∣ans had knowledge of this science, As Iacob, when there was a greate derth of corne in Canaā, sent his son∣nes

into Egipt to bie grain. And ther¦fore without doubt the Hebrues dyd fyrste fynde out the waye of tyllyng corne, grindyng with other rustical instrumentes: Syues & sarces of here we••e found in Fraunce,* 1.11 as Plinie tel∣leth, and bultres of linnen in Spaine In Egipt they were made of fenne ri¦shes, and bulrishes.

The .ii. Chapiter. ¶Wyne, oyle, honye, chese, and strange trees brought into Italy.

DIODORVS saieth y^t Dionisius dyd fyrst per∣ceiue the nature of the vyne,* 1.12 and taught men af Grece to plant it, and to presse wyne out of the Grape as Sa∣turnus dyd in Italye: Some saye it was Icarus father of Penelope that founde it in Athens,* 1.13 And was after∣ward slain of the husbandmen, when they were dronken. Athenaeus in one place writeth that Oresteus sonne to Deucalion fyrst foūd the vyne about the moūt Aetna in Sicilie: In another place he saieth that it was found at y^e cytie Plithina in Egypt.* 1.14 Aruntes

a Tirhene banished out of his coūtre by Lucinon,* 1.15 whō he brought vp of a chyld, caried fyrst wyne into Fraūce Seculus the sōne of Ventus inuented the fyrst food of men of the trees, and Eumolphus an Athenian taught the maner of orderyng of them, but afore all these Noe was the fyrst that ei∣ther tylled the lande,* 1.16 or planted the vyneyarde. And when he had dronke of the fruit of y^e grape, he was dron∣ken. Wyne tauernes were set vp fyrst by the Lidians a people of Asia,* 1.17 whi∣che also foūd diuerse games. Staphi∣lus (as Plinie sayeth) deleied wyne fyrst.* 1.18 Drynke that is made of barlye whiche we cal ale, and was the com∣mon drynke of the Egyptians, was diuised by Bacchus: And he taught it to suche nacions, as had no grapes growyng. And for y^t cause England, Scotlande, Irelande, Fraunce, and Germany, and all that border on the west and north seas vse this drynke, Albeit, the Germanes put hoppes in it, and cal it bere. In Grece, as Dio∣dorus holdeth opiniō Pallas shewed the Oliue,* 1.19 and the way to make oyle. And Aristaeus gathered fyrst y^e crud∣des

of mylke, and made chese, honye. And the oyle mylle, as Plinie witnes¦seth, notwithstandyng the Oliue was afore Noes fludde, and Moses speaketh of oyle that was vsed in sa∣crifices, wherby it may be perceiued that oyle was inuented of the Iewes Iustine sayth Gargorus kyng of Cu∣retes found the fashion of gatheryng of honye,* 1.20 * 1.21 he dwelled in the forrest of Carchesia in Spain. Ther grewe no Oliue in Italy, Spayne, nor Affrike In the tyme of Tarquinius Priscus the .C.lxxiiii. yere of the cytie. And afterwarde y^e .cccc.xl. yere of the cytie there were some, howbe it they were nere the sea. But in dede honye was gathered fyrst of the Hebrewes shepherdes.* 1.22 The cheritres L. Lucul∣lus brought out of Ponthus the yere of the Cytie .vi.C.lxxx. Zinzipha & Tuberes .ii. kyndes of appletrees S. Papinius cōueighed out of Siria and Affrike into Italy in y^e tyme of s. Au∣gustine. The Plane tree, the Laurel tree, the Fygge tree, & apple trees, w^t other which is not nedeful to reherse wer brought in by diuers men, whose names are not spoken of by any auc∣tours.

The .iii. Chapiter. ¶Who named beastes, instituted sacri∣fices, huntyng, fait, pultries.

* 1.23BEASTES after they were all created in theyr kynde were named by A∣dam with the same na∣mes, that they bee nowe called:* 1.24 Hiperbius sonne to Mars kil∣led them fyrste, but I had rather re∣ferre that to Abel Adams sonne: for he dyd fyrst offre to God the fyrst be∣gotten of his flocke,* 1.25 and from him it spredde abroad among the Hebrues, and also other countries.* 1.26 Of al other swyne were the fyrst that were sacri∣ficed of the Gentiles. In the sacrifi∣ces of Ceres godesse of corne, as Va••∣ro witnesseth. In leages of peace, & in Mariages: At lengthe they came to suche outragious crueltee, that they sacrificed mē.* 1.27 Fleshe was not vsed to be eaten vntyl the tyme of Noe: and then God permitted it, but many coū∣tries long after that, forbare & kepte great abstinence from fleshe: As in the golden world vnder Saturne men

onely lyued by fruytes of the yearth. The priestes of Egypt refrayned frō fleshe, egges, and mylke, bycause,* 1.28 as they thought, egges were but tendre and softe fleshe, and mylke was blod sauyng that the coloure was turned. And the Essenes in Iurye, & Iupiters priestes in Crete eat neuer fleshe. Bā∣kettyng dyshes and delycates were made in Ionia,* 1.29 and then the euyl cu∣stome was takē vp by other coūtries: Albeit there were lawes made in La∣cedemony by Lycurgus, and in Rome by Fannius. For the abolishyng of suche excessiue feastyng, I would some good man would prescribe now a daies a lawe to be precisely obser∣ued of all men, for I thynke there ne∣uer was such riot in feastyng as ther is in this tyme.* 1.30 Huntyng & fishyng the Phenicians found. Salt and the vse therof was perceiued by Misor & Selech. In Rome Q. Hortensius did fyrst setfurth a Pecocke at y^e Augurs feast.* 1.31 Pultries of al kynd of fou∣les were instituted by Marcus Laeli∣us Strabo a knight of Brundusie. And Alexander Emperour had also suche pultries. Warrens and parkes

wer made fyrst by Fuluius Hirpinu•• And now they be euerywher vsed but most cōmonly in Englād to the great domage of good pastures, that might feed other cattel. The Wolfe, y^e mino¦taure,* 1.32 the horse, the bore, were cogni∣saunce of the Romanes armies: And Caius Marius in his seconde consul∣shyp appointed the Egle for a badge of his armye and legyon, with many other nowe a daies, whiche be in cote armours of noble men.

The .iiii. Chapiter. ¶Who found flaxe and wolle with suche instrumentes and artes as long to the same, and sylke.

* 1.33LYNNEN or Flare, as Plinie saieth, was found by the beautyfull Ladye Arachne of Lidia, & she taught also the waye of knyttyng nettes to take beastes,* 1.34 * 1.35 fyshe, & foules, Minerua in∣structed the people of Athens fyrst in spinnyng & weuyng wolle: but in one place Plinie semeth to ascribe y^e feate of weuyng to y^e Egyptians. The wal¦kers

or fullers craft was inuēted by Nicias a Megarien:* 1.36 The Lidians in Sardes died wolle fyrst.

¶Spindels for wolle were fyrst in∣uented by Closter sonne to Arachne. ¶Hangynges of arryse whiche be vsed in halles or chambers Attalus king of Asia, deuised:* 1.37 & Pallas taught the vse of clothyng or apparel, as Di∣odorus writeth, & Eusebius sayeth one Vso a Silician borne,* 1.38 made fyrst clothyng & apparel for men of beastes skinnes: but in dede Adam whō God dyd fyrst create,* 1.39 made the fyrst lether coates for himselfe & his wyfe Eue our old mother, leauyng therby a pa∣tron to al his posterite of that crafte.

The shomakers art one Boethoius found.* 1.40 Attalus taught men fyrst to weue golde in clothes. And the Phri∣gians inuented broderyng.* 1.41 The Gre∣kes deuised the mantyle,* 1.42 and the He∣trurians found the roobes of estate. And mynglyng of diuerse colours in apparel,* 1.43 was the inuēcion of the Ba∣bilonians. Sylke,* 1.44 whiche in al coun∣tries is occasion of muche dissolut be hauour in apparel, was found of the Cerites growyng on theyr trees, and

with wetyng they combe it of and make it fyt for their vses.* 1.45 Spinnyng and weuyng of sicke that commeth of wormes, Pamphila the doughter of Platis diuised it the Ile Coo. Pur∣ple colour was found as Pollux wit¦nesseth by this occasion. As Hercu∣les beyng in loue with a beautyfull lady named Tyro, walked on the sea clyffes, his greyhound chaunsed to fynde a shel fishe called a purple, and when he had eaten it, the oryent co∣loure of the blodde remayned on his snowt: whiche freshe colour the lady espiyng threatened Hercules that he should neuer company with her more onelesse he brought her a clothe died with that preciouse coloure. Then Hercules willyng to accomplishe his ladies wyll sought the purple fyshe, and caried the blod to his souereigne lady. And thus beganne the purple colour among the Tyrians.

The .v. Chapiter. ¶Buildynges made of clay, bricke, stone, with other matters.

MEN at the fyrste lyued lyke wyld beastes in ca∣ues and wyldernes, and also fed on fruytes and rotes of the yearth: but after they had perceiued the commo∣ditie of fyre, and felte therby a great comforte agaynste the vehemencye of colde:* 1.46 some beganne to edify cotages of boughes of trees, and some digged caues in the mountaynes, and by of∣ten experiencyng of suche meanes they attained to a greater perfection in buildyng. And afterward (as wit∣tes of men be inuentiue) they learned to fashion buildyng with walles that they set vp with long proppes.* 1.47 And dyd wynde them aboute with smale roddes and so dawbed them: and to kepe out the stormes, they couered them with reede, boughes or fenne sedges. Thus in processe of time they came to the arte of buildyng,* 1.48 whiche as Diodorus saieth, is ascribed to Pallas: but I can rather thinke that either Cain or els Iobal sonne of La∣mech found out this craft.

Houses of claye, Doxius sonne of Gēllius dyd fyrst inuent and set vp,

takyng example at the swallowes nest.* 1.49 Brycke buildynges were inuen∣ted by Euryalus and Hyperbius two brethrē of Athens, as Plinie iudgeth, albeit Diodorus referreth it to Vesta daughter of Saturnus. Epimenide•• of Crete fyrste vsed to hallowe his house and feldes with expiations.* 1.50 Tyle and slate to couer houses were the inuencion of Sinyra sonne of A∣griopa in the Ile of Cipres.* 1.51 * 1.52 Stone delues or quarels were foūd by Cad∣mus in Thebes, or as Theophrast writeth in Phoenice. Albeit I thinke the inuēcion of suche artes may more iustly be ascribed to Cayn or the po∣sterite of Seth:* 1.53 whiche did make two pillers one of brycke and another of stone, and wrote in them al the art of Astronomy, at which tyme I suppose pillers and brycke were fyrste made, wherby it appeareth that the cast of buildyng hath bene from the begin∣nyng of the worlde. Neuertheles, I denye not but these afore named dyd begyn edifiyng in sundry countries.

* 1.54Marble was vsed in buyldyng at Rome of riche men to shew their sūp∣tuouse magnificence. As M. Scaurus

beyng aediles caused .ccc.lx. pillers of marble to be caried to the makyng of a stage wheron an Enterlude should be played: but Lucius Crassus was fyrst that had pyllers of Marble. M. Lepidus made the gates of his house with Marble of Numedie,* 1.55 not with∣out reproche. He was consul the yere of the cytie .cccccc.lxxvi. Mamurra a knight y^t was master of Iuli.* 1.56 Caesars workes in Fraunce, pynned fyrst the walles of his house with brokē mar∣ble. In grauyng Marble Dipoenus Scylus borne in Crete floryshed fyrst, afore kyng Cyrus reigned in Persie.

The .vi. Chapiter. ¶Who made the fyrst citie, tentes, temples, and pyttes.

WHEN men wer som∣what clamed of their vplādishe behauoure by reason y^t thei were refreshed of their ex∣treme colde by fyre & suche houses as they had deuised,* 1.57 they gathered them sub∣staunce & goddes to the sustentacion of their housholdes and families.

But after they perceyued that migh∣tie and strong men did inuade and dis¦poile them of suche stuffe as they had they knytte them selues together in a companye, and dwelled in one cir∣••uite, whiche they walled about and named it a cytie. Notwithstandyng, there is muche diuersitie of opinions among writers whiche was fyrst. For Plinie sayeth Cecrops buylded the fyrst Cytie, and called it by his owne name Cecropia,* 1.58 whiche was afterwarde called Athens.

Strabo writeth that Phoroneus builded fyrst Argos:* 1.59 The Egyptians say, that Diospolis in their countrie was long afore: whiche is credible to be so bycause they be a verye aun∣cient nacion. Trafon fyrst made wal∣les: towers, (as Aristotle saieth,) the Cyclopians edifyed:* 1.60 but Theophrast thynketh the Phenicians buylded them.

And Vergil referreth that feate to Pallas. But to say the trueth Cain (as Iosephus declareth,) made the fyrst Cytie,* 1.61 and named it Enochia af∣ter his sonne Enoch. And the yong men that came of Noe his linage by

the aduyse of Nembroth buylded the fyrste towre of an exceadyng heyght whiche was called afterwarde Ba∣bylon.* 1.62

Tentes Iobal sonne of Lamech inuented, notwithstandyng that the Phenicians affirme that the nepheu∣es of Seculus found them.

Temples,* 1.63 as Diogenes supposeth were found by Epimenides in Crete. But Victruuius affyrmeth that one Pythius a Carpenter made the fyrste Temple in Prienne in the honoure of Pallas:* 1.64 Herodotus saieth that the E∣gyptians instituted the temples fyrst In Rome, Romulus builded the fyrst temple in the worshyppe of Iupiter Seretrius.* 1.65 To almightie God Sa∣lomon kyng of the Hebrues builded the fyrst temple thre thousande, an hundreth and two yeares after the creacion of Adam in Ierusalem.

Pyttes Danaus dygged fyrst, as Plinie teacheth, after he came out of Egypte into Argos a countrye of Grece.* 1.66 Neuerthelesse to tell the verye origynall of them, Isaac hys shepherdes dygged the fyrste pyttes,* 1.67 as appeareth in Genesis. And Moses

caused pittes to be digged in the wil∣dernes when he dyd conduct the Is∣raelites out of Egypte,* 1.68 whiche was. ccc.lxxxxiii. yere afore that Danaus, came into Argos, neither was it Da∣naus but his doughters that dygged the pytte at Argos.

The .vii. Chapiter. ¶The Laborynthes, turrettes, sundry fashions of burials.

* 1.69LABORINTHES which we may cal Ma¦ses, were certain intri¦cate & wyndyng wor∣kes with many entri∣es and dores, in suche sort that yf a mā were once entred, he could not yssue oute, without ether he had a perfect guide or els a clewe of thredde to be his cō∣ducte. There were foure of them moost notable as it is reported:* 1.70 The fyrst was in Egypte, and was called of some the palace of kyng Motheru∣des, of some the sepulthre of Meres: but there bee other that saye, it was buylded in honoure of the sonne by

kyng Petesucus or Tithoes, albeeit Herodotus saieth it was the commō toumbe of the kynges of Egipt: this stoode a litle from the Poole of My∣rios.* 1.71 The second was made in Crete by Daedalus at the commaundement of kyng Minos, wherein Theseus of Athens slewe the Minotaure. The third was wrought in the Isle Lem¦nos by Zmilus, Rhodus,* 1.72 and Theo∣dorus carpēters of the same countree

The fourthe Porsena kyng of the Hetrurians caused too bee made and sette vp in Italy for his sepulchre,* 1.73 it was all of free stone & vaulted. The high steples or turrettes that the E∣gipciās cal Pyramides, wer betwene Memphis and Delta twoo citees of Egipte, of suche highte,* 1.74 that it was meruaill how the stone and morter could be caried so high. One of them that was greatest, was the worke of three thousande and .lx. menne. in .xx yere, at the coste of kyng Chemis,* 1.75 whom Herodotus nameth Cheopis, Chabreus brother to the same kyng made the second turret not equall in hight. The thirde, kyng Mycerinus caused to bee wrought .xx. ••ote shor∣ter

then his fathers was.* 1.76 The occa∣siō that thei wer made, as Plinie tel∣leth, was leaste the people should bee idle, and Iosephus saieth the Egipci∣ans enforsed the Hebrues to buylde those Pyramides, bicause thei should bee in subieccion too theim, and that thei might bee made slaues and drud¦ges: or els leaste the kynges should leaue so muche treasure to their suc∣cessours, that it might moue them to sedicion or treason. Mausoleum that was the toumbe of Mausolus kyng of Caria,* 1.77 * 1.78 his wife Artemesia builded moste sumteously, and for that faith∣full loue that she bare to hym, she re∣maigned a widowe all her life tyme. The maner of buriall in diuerse coū∣trees is of sundry fashions:* 1.79 as y^e Mas¦sagetes & Derbians iudge theim that die in sickenesse verie wretches, and therfore when their parentes, & kins∣folke waxe aged, thei strangle theim and eate theim, supposyng that it is better that thei should eate them, thē y^e wormes.* 1.80 The Albanes, that dwell by the mount Caucasus, take it to be a mortall crime if thei regard or once name theim that bee ded. The Thra∣cians

kepe solemnely the funeralles of the ded corps of men with greate ioye & solace:* 1.81 bicause thei bee dispat∣ched by the death of the miseries hu∣mane, and rest in felicitee e••e••ne: and cōtrariwise at the birth of their chil∣dren thei make greate sorowe and la∣mentacion, bicause of the calamities that thei must sustain in this misera∣ble life. The women of Inde take it for a greate honesty and triumphe if thei maie bee buried with their hous∣bande:* 1.82 for it is graunted to her that loued hym beste, there bee other di∣uerse maner of buriynges emong the Paganes and Heathen people, whi∣che for so muche, as thei excede the bondes of humanitie, & haue in them no hope of resurreccion at this pre∣sente I omit and ouer passe thē. The Romaines,* 1.83 bicause the dedde coarses that died in externe battaill were af∣ter their buriall digged oute of the grounde, instituted the maner of bur∣nyng the carcases of menne departed whiche rite was executed on Sylla chief of al the house and kyndrede of the Corneliās,* 1.84 whiche feared leste he should bee serued as he had vsed Ma∣rius.

Thei had also in Rome a maner of deifiyng or hallowyng their em∣peroures ded bodies,* 1.85 after this sorte Whē the emperour was ded and his body reuerently buried with greate exequies, thei fourmed an Image of the emperour, pale as though he wer sicke, and laied it at the gate of the palace in a bed of Iuory,* 1.86 and the phi∣sicions resorted thither to the bed .vi daies continually, the lordes of the senate, and noble ladies and matrōs stādyng on euery side of the bed. The seuēth daie the young lordes and no∣bilitie bare hym on their shulders in the bed▪ first into the old place of iud∣gementes called Forum Vetus and then into the felde named Campus Martius where thei chose their ma∣gistrates and highe officers: where thei laied hym in a tente buylded for the nones, like a towre and filled it with drie woode and swete oyntemē∣tes, and after thei had finished the ri∣tes and ceremonies of their lawe, he that should succede, in the empire put a fire brande to the tente, and then o∣ther laied to the fire good plēty. And by and by after all was burned, thei

let flie an Egle out of the top of the turret, whiche, as thei supposed, ca∣ried the solle of the emperour to hea∣uen, and from thence furth thei hono¦red hym as a God. Commendacions to the worship of ded bodies at fune∣rales,* 1.87 Valerius Publicola first made in y^e praise of Brutus, and that was long afore the Grekes had any, not∣withstandyng Gellius writeth that Solon ordained that lawe in Athens in the tyme of Tarquinnins Priscus.* 1.88 The Romaines vsed to praise the wo¦men at their burialles bicause on a time thei wer contented to giue their goldē iuelles to make a boulle to sēd to Delphos, to the God Apollo.* 1.89

The .viii. Chapiter. ¶Who made spires called Obelisti, the markes of the broches, the Egipci∣ans letters, firste Sanctuary.

OBelisti,* 1.90 whiche maie bee called lōg bruches or spi∣res, wer great and houge stones in Egipte made of masons from the botome smaller and smaller of a large lēgth, and were consecrated to the Sonne, bicause thei bee long muche like the

beames of the sonne. The first of thē was instituted by Mitres,* 1.91 whiche rei¦gned in Heliopolis, beyng commaun¦ded by a vision too make it, and so it was recorded and writtē in thesame. Kyng Sothis set vp foure that were euery of theim,* 1.92 xlviii. cubites long: Ramises (in whose tyme Troy was destroyed) reared vp one fourty cubi∣tes of length,* 1.93 & another of eight hun∣dred and nyntene foote, & euery side was foure cubites broade. Ptolomae∣us Philadelphus made one at Ale∣xandria of fourescore cubites.* 1.94 And Phaeron set twoo in the temple of the Sonne of an hundred cubites length a pece and foure cubites broade,* 1.95 on this occasion: It fortuned that this kyng for a greate cryme that he had committed, was stryken blynde, and cōtinued so tenne yeres, and after by reuelacion at the citee Bucis it was tolde hym that he should receiue his sight, if he washed his yies with the water of a woman, that was neuer defiled with any strange manne, but was alwaie contente with her hous∣bande. Firste he tried his owne wife, and afterward many other til at the

last he receiued his sight, and maried her by whose vryne he was healed, and recouered his sighte, and all the other with his first wife he caused to bee burned at once. Then for a remē∣braūce he made his oblaciō with the twoo foresaied spires in the tēple of the Sonne.* 1.96 Augustus Caesar brought two of these broches into Rome and sette one in the greate Tilte yarde or Listes, if I maie call Circus in those termes, the other he sette in the felde called Campus Martius: In these broches for the moste parte wer writ¦ten Images of beastes,* 1.97 wherby their posteritie and successoures mighte perceiue the renowme of suche prin∣ces, and the maner of their vowes and oblacions.

FOR the Egipcians vsed the I∣mages of beastes in the steade of let∣ters, and as Cornelius writeth,* 1.98 thei declared their myndes by the figu∣res and shappes of beastes, as by the Bee they sygnified a Kyng rulyng his commons with greate modera∣ciō and gentlenesse,* 1.99 * 1.100 by the Goshauke thei mente spidie perfourmaunce of their affaires.

* 1.101Sanctuary (as Stacius writeth) made firste by Hercules neuewes in Athēs, and was called the temple of mercie. From thence it was not law∣full to take any manne violētly, that repared thither for ayde and comfort notwithstādyng Moses whiche was lōg afore Hercules did institute three franchised tounes,* 1.102 wither it was per¦mitted for theim to go, that had doen any murther vnware or by chaunce∣medly. Next after hym Romulus or∣dained a sanctuary in Roome to en∣crease his citezens,* 1.103 and to haue more numbre too buylde the citee. There was a sāctuary in the Isle Calauria dedicated too Neptune,* 1.104 and another in Egipte at Canobicus consecrated to Hercules,* 1.105 & another to Osyridis, & in Siria one halowed to Apollo. And there bee many at this daie in chrstē∣dome, and namely in Englande: but now the libertie and numbre of them is sore minished,* 1.106 bicause thei wer oc∣casion of greate crimes & enormites.

The .ix. Chapiter. ¶Of Theatres, and Amphi∣theatres, and Bathes.

THEATRES wer cer∣tain places,* 1.107 as scaffol∣des with pentises, wher∣in the people of Athens stoode to beholde the en∣terludes that were shewed, and thei were made like halfe a circle with benches one aboue another, that thei might without any impedimente see the places.* 1.108 Dionisius did firste insti∣tute theim in Athens: in the middes of the scaffolde or theatre stoode the stage, wherin Comodies, Tragedies, with other shewes were exibited too the common sorte. Of theim the Ro∣maines toke example to make suche scaffoldes: whiche Quintus Catulus caused to bee couered with linen clo∣thes, and hanged it with silke,* 1.109 where as afore thei had no vaulte to bere of the sonne or raine. But Marcus Scau¦rus beeyng Aedil, that is,* 1.110 hauyng the ouersight of all publike and priuate buyldynges, made the firste in Rome that endure•• for the space of thirtie daies, it was made vp with pillers of Marble.* 1.111 Caius Curio at his fa∣thers buriall builded twoo theatres of timber after suche a fashion that

thei might in time of enterludes stād one cōtrary to another in suche wise that neither plaie should disturbe o∣ther: and whē it liked hym he turned theim together and made an Amphi∣theatre,* 1.112 whiche was a roūde scaffold full of benches of diuerse hightes: wherin he set furth a game of swerde plaiers. Pompeius Magnus made y^e firste standyng Theatre of free stone, after the patron that he sawe at Mi∣tylene, when he had subdued Mithri∣dates Kyng of Pontus. Caius Iulius Caesar buylded the firste Amphithe∣atre in the felde consecrated to Mars,* 1.113 In this were sette furthe shewes of wylde beastes, and swearde players: for the maner was that suche, as wer condemned too deathe, or taken pri∣soners in warre should bee cast there to the wylde beastes to bee deuoured and slayne. It was strawen with sande,* 1.114 leaste the bloude of those that were slayne should defile theim that foughte, or discourage their heartes: and therefore, there were certayne appoyncted too tosse and strawe the sande.* 1.115 The place called Circus, that wee maie call Listes or Tilte yardes

wer places walled about with stone of a greate length, wherin was vsed coursyng and Iustyng, and tourne∣yng on horsebacke and on foote by champions and chalengers: thei wer firste named in Tarquinius Priscus reigne, and that was called the grea¦test.* 1.116 After that twoo other wer made one by Flamminius, and the other by Nero.

THE firste coursyng, Iustyng, and runnyng with other exercises in the Listes were what tyme Spurius Marcius,* 1.117 Philippus wer consuls the yere of the citee fiue hundred three∣score and seuen.

HOATE Bathes or Stues wer vsed firste priuately of all menne ac∣cordyng to their degree and habilite bycause of the preseruacion of helth as thei pretended:* 1.118 but in processe thei buylded common Bathes and hoate houses too sweate in,* 1.119 and the nobles did Bathe and wasshe with the com∣mōs, and finally without any shame menne and women were permitted moste lasciuiously to bathe together moste notable bathes were thei that

Agrippa,* 1.120 and Nero, and Titus Ve∣spasianus with other Emperoures made, as Iulius Capitolinus wry∣teth, thei were bothe greate and also gorgeously dressed like citees & bigge tounes with all places of oportunite too mainteigne excessiue riote in all sortes of menne.

❧The .x. Chapiter. ¶Who founde the Carpenters craft, and instrumentes of thesame, Vesselles of diuerse measures.

* 1.121OAEDALVS, after the mynde of Plinie, firste inuented the art of Carpentrie, with these instrumentes fo¦lowyng, the Sawe, Chippe axe,* 1.122 and Plū∣line, wherby the euenes of the Squa¦res bee tried whither thei batter or hang ouer, the Augore, or Wymble, and Glewe to ioyne bordes togither. The Squire, the Line, the Shaue, the Pricker or Punche were deuised by Theodor a Samian. Notwithstan∣dyng Ouide writeth, that Talus Dae¦dalus sister sonne inuented bothe the Compasse,* 1.123 & also fashioned the Saw

after the patron of the backe bone of a fishe:* 1.124 or as Diodorus saieth by the exāple of the chawe bone of a serpent he founde also the Shaue, & for suche benefites, as he did shewe & bestowe to the vse and profite of men, he was highly commended:* 1.125 but Daedalus en∣uiyng that a boye beyng but his prē∣tise should excell his master, cast hym doune out of a towre (as Ouide wit∣nesseth) and slewe hym. Pythagoras a Samian diuised also another maner of rule or Squire, then this that wee vse commonly, fitte for all maner of buildynges as Victruuius declareth in the .ix. booke.* 1.126 Penthesilea quene of Amazons is reported to haue found the Axe. Albeit I thinke the inuenciō of this arte is more worthy to bee re∣ferred either to the Hebrues, whiche occupied suche artes afore Daedalus tyme and in specially in makyng of the tabernacle whiche was curiousli wroughte, or els to the Tyrians, that were in that faculty farre aboue the Hebrues.* 1.127 For whiche cause Salomō wrote to the kyng of Tyre for worke men to buylde the temple. Makyng of hollowe vesselles as Barelles or

hoggesheddes Speusippus imagined vesselles of Osiare or wicker as bas∣kettes,* 1.128 hāpers with suche like Ceres did first diuise as Seruius writeth.

¶The .xi. Chapiter. ¶Who ruled firste on the sea, founde shippes, marchandise.

STRABO writeth that Minos Kyng of Crete had the firste rule of the sea:* 1.129 but Diodorus saith that Neptunus had the Empire of it afore hym,* 1.130 for he inuen∣ted the feat in rowyng in boates,* 1.131 and made a nauie, and was made Admi∣rall of it by his father Saturnus. And Plinie reporteth that Kyng Erych∣thras diuised boates first and rowed in theim in the red sea,* 1.132 some saie thei were ordaigned by the Troianes in the narowe seas called Hellespon∣rus, some thynke thei were inuented in the English sea,* 1.133 and couered with lether and hides of beastes. Danaus was the firste that vsed any shippe when he sailed oute of Egipte into Grece:* 1.134 as Plinie recordeth, although some suppose the Samotraciens, and some Atlas that founde it. But too

speake the trueth Noha was the first that made the shippe wherein he pre∣serued from daunger of the water al the liuyng creatures that wer saued too multiplie the worlde:* 1.135 and that was the patron that all other made their shippes after. Iason firste made the Galey,* 1.136 whiche Sefostris kyng of Egipt vsed after hym, and Erythaeus made the Barge with twoo ordre of Dores on a syde,* 1.137 Amocles or Corin∣the, that with three course of Dores on a side: the Carthagiens, that with foure, & Helichthon of Salamis, that with fiue dores on a side, whiche the Romaines made in the firste battaill Punike Zenazoras Syracusane diui∣sed that, with sixe rowe of dores. Hip¦pius a Tyrian conceiued the makyng of the lighter or marchauntes shippe the Cirenens inuented the Noye or Gallion.* 1.138 Phoenicians the keele or de∣mie barke, the Rhodians the brigan∣tyne, Ciprians the barke. Germanes the boates of one pece, Illirians the Cocke boate or Lighters. Rudders wer founde by the Copians, and the broade Dores the Plataeans diuised. Sailes Icarus foūd, albeit Diodorus

saieth it was Aeolus:* 1.139 Daedalus fo••••e the Maste, and the crosse pece where vnto the saile is fastened. Fery boa∣tes the Atheniens or the Salaminiēs founde, close galeres were founde by the Thasians, the Tyrrhenes diuised y^e ancores, and Eupalamius made it with twoo pointes or tethe, but some referre it to Anacharsis, whiche also inuented the Grapull or Tacle of a ship.* 1.140 The stemme of the ship Pisaeus imagened. Tiphys founde the strene after the example of the Kyte, whi∣che in her fliyng turneth al her body with the turnyng of her taile. Minos made y^e first battaill on the sea.* 1.141 Mar∣chandise was firste instituted for too certifie menne of necessaries, by the waie of exchange: but after, whē mo∣ney was coyned, it was occupied more for mennes priuate welth then for any cōmon profite, and for y^t cause Cicero calleth it a vile and seruile crafte.* 1.142 Albeeit Plutarche witnesseth that Thales, Solō, Hippocrates, and Plato ••erquented this art. The Car∣tagiēs found it,* 1.143 as Plinie writeth in the .vii. booke, but Diodorus saieth it was Mercurie that founde it. And

Plinie in the .x. booke saieth that Li∣ber otherwyse called Dionisius inuē¦ted the trade of marchaūdise,* 1.144 & ther∣fore it is to be thought that the Car∣tagiens lerned the cast of marchaun∣dise of Dionisius. But the Hebrues (as Iosephus witnesseth) vsed biyng and sellyng in the tyme of Noe,* 1.145 & Io∣seph was sold to marchauntes, & ca¦ried into Egypte. The Lidians were fyrst mercers & cariers abrob of stuffe as factours and brokers do with vs.* 1.146

The .xii Chapiter. ¶Who instituted stewes, diyng of heare, barbours with other thinges.

VENVS,* 1.147 which was begotten of the froth of the sea (as Poetes fame) was a common harlot, and brothel of her body, and had ma¦ny children by sundry men, as by Mars she had Harmonia, by Mercury, Hermaphroditus, by Iu¦piter, Cupido, by Anchises, Aeneas: And bycause she alone wold not seme to be an hore,* 1.148 she ordeyned in Cypres that women did prostitute thē selfes

for mony to al that came. And Iustine telleth, that the maner of the maides of Cypres was to get their mariage good,* 1.149 by suche fylthy baudry. And to helpe furth the matter, one Melāpus brought out of Egypt into Grece the rites of Bacchus sacrifices, wherein men vse to company dissolutely with women in the nyght,* 1.150 in suche wyse that it is shame for christen menne to speake of, muche like oure shewes or daunces called maskes in Englande & bonefyres,* 1.151 as they be vsed in some partes of the realme. But Spu. Post∣humius, Albinus, and Q. Martius, abolyshed those feastes, I would all maskes and bonefyres were likewise banished from among vs christians. Albeit cōmon women wer long afore Venus tyme.* 1.152 For it appeareth in Ge∣nesis, that Iudas sōne to Iacob med∣led w^t Thamer his doughter in law, bycause he supposed she had bene an hoore by reason of her apparel. But to let that passe, yet it is pytie to se a∣mong christen men stewes & baudrye maynteyned, as though it were for a cōmon weale: & honorable matrimo∣ny so neglected & polluted without a¦ny

feare of God. This is a doctrin of the deuil, if there be any. In Moses lawes an aduontrer was stoned to death, and in Grece,* 1.153 in Rome and in Arabia, and diuerse other countries he was punished by deathe, & among christiēs it reigneth vnpunished: God wyl strike ones for al, therfore let the ministers of the law prouide a godly remedy. I would wishe that women would folowe the pagane Lucretia, or Hebrue Susanna, and men Ioseph,* 1.154 Medea found the diyng and coloryng of heare, and our women of England haue not forgotten it, and beside that make their foreheades by theyr me∣dicines broder then God made them,* 1.155 with other enormities, wherein some of the phisicians be greatly to blame, that teache suche thynkes to y^e frayle creature.* 1.156 They be ashamed of Gods creacion & handy worke in thē selues or els they would nor amend it.

Barbours to shaue and roūd, were instituted by the Abantes,* 1.157 bycause theyr enemies in warre shoulde haue no occasion to plucke them by y^• heare P. Ticinius Mena brought them in∣to Rome the .CCC.liiii. yeare of the* 1.158

buildyng of the cytie afore they were vnshauen. Africanus was wonte to be shauen euery day. There be many other thynges,* 1.159 whose auctours for antiquitie can not be knowen, & some bicause of the negligence of men that wyl not write suche thinges.

As no man can tel who beganne cloc∣kes, belles, the shypmans compasse, the gonnes styrops, cappes or bonet∣tes, for that is but newely inuented: bycause in olde tyme men wente bare heade,* 1.160 water mylles, organnes, & claricymbals, talowcandels, re∣claimyng of haukes, rynges, with many other, whiche for the auncientie, or o∣uersight of men be in extreme o∣bliuion.

¶The ende of the abrydge∣ment of the third booke.

Notes

• * 1.1

  Husbandry.
• * 1.2

  Dionisius.
• * 1.3

  Triptolemus
• * 1.4

  Cain.
• * 1.5

  Men liued by acornes.

  Ceres.

  Corne sow∣yng.
• * 1.6

  Bakyng and grindyng.
• * 1.7

  Dungyng land.
• * 1.8

  Yokyng oxen
• * 1.9

  Plough.
• * 1.10

  Instrumētes of husbandry
• * 1.11

  Siues and sarces.
• * 1.12

  Wyne.
• * 1.13

  Icarus.
• * 1.14

  Oresteus.
• * 1.15

  Aruntes brought into Fraunce.
• * 1.16

  Noe planter of the vyne
• * 1.17

  Wyne tauer∣nes.
• * 1.18

  Deleiyng of wyne.
• * 1.19

  Oliue oyle. Makyng chese.
• * 1.20

  Gargorus.
• * 1.21

  Gatheryng of honye.
• * 1.22

  Chery trees.
• * 1.23

  Adam named beastes.
• * 1.24

  Hiperbius.
• * 1.25

  Abel.
• * 1.26

  Swyne was most cōmēded in sacrifices.
• * 1.27

  Eatyng of fleshe.
• * 1.28

  Priestes of Egypte. Egges. Mylke.
• * 1.29

  Bankettes.
• * 1.30

  Huntyng. Fishyng. Salte.
• * 1.31

  Pecocke. Pultries.
• * 1.32

  Beastes that be badges.
• * 1.33

  Lynnen.
• * 1.34

  Arachne.
• * 1.35

  Knittyng nettes.

  Spinnyng Weuyng.
• * 1.36

  Fullers craft D••yng wolle Spindels.
• * 1.37

  Arrise clothe.
• * 1.38

  Vso. Apparel.
• * 1.39

  Adam made the fyrst coat of lether.
• * 1.40

  Shomakers craft.
• * 1.41

  Enbrodryng.
• * 1.42

  Mantyle.
• * 1.43

  Motleys.
• * 1.44

  Sylke.
• * 1.45

  Spinnyng and weuyng of sylke.

  Pamphila. Purple co∣lour.

  Hercules. Tyro.
• * 1.46

  Houses.
• * 1.47

  Making wal¦les of houses
• * 1.48

  Pallas in∣uented buyl∣dyng.
• * 1.49

  Brykeworke.
• * 1.50

  Blessyng of houses.
• * 1.51

  Tyle & slate.
• * 1.52

  Stone delues
• * 1.53

  Fyrst pillers.
• * 1.54

  Marble.
• * 1.55

  Gates of marble.
• * 1.56

  Mamurca pinned his house with marble.

  Grauers in marble.
• * 1.57

  Occasion of making cities
• * 1.58

  Cecropia.
• * 1.59

  Argos. Diospolis,
• * 1.60

  Walles. Towers.
• * 1.61

  Enochia.
• * 1.62

  Babilon. Tentes.
• * 1.63

  Temples.
• * 1.64

  Pithius.
• * 1.65

  Salomon.
• * 1.66

  Egyptians.
• * 1.67

  Pittes.
• * 1.68

  Isaac dig∣ged pittes. Moses.
• * 1.69

  Laborinthes.
• * 1.70

  Foure labo∣rinthes,
• * 1.71

  Crete. Dedalus.
• * 1.72

  Lemnos.
• * 1.73

  Porsena.
• * 1.74

  Piramides.
• * 1.75

  The greatest spire Chemis made.
• * 1.76

  The cause of makyng the spires.
• * 1.77

  Mausoleum
• * 1.78

  Artemesia.
• * 1.79

  Rites of bu∣riyng.

  Massagetes.
• * 1.80

  Albanes.
• * 1.81

  Thrariēs fa∣shion.
• * 1.82

  Women of Inde.
• * 1.83

  The Romai∣nes burned their dedde bodies
• * 1.84

  Sylla.
• * 1.85

  Deifiyng of the emperour
• * 1.86

  Herodian.
• * 1.87

  Commenda∣cions.
• * 1.88

  Solon.
• * 1.89

  Women had commendaci∣ons in Rome
• * 1.90

  Obelisti. Broches.
• * 1.91

  Metres.
• * 1.92

  Sothis.
• * 1.93

  Ramises.
• * 1.94

  Prolomeus.
• * 1.95

  Pheron.
• * 1.96

  Augustus Ce¦sar remoued twoo.
• * 1.97

  The maner of writyng in e∣gipte.
• * 1.98

  Emblemes.
• * 1.99

  A Bee.
• * 1.100

  Goshauke.
• * 1.101

  Sanctuaries Neuewes of Hercules.
• * 1.102

  Moses.
• * 1.103

  Romulus.
• * 1.104

  Calauria.
• * 1.105

  Egipte.
• * 1.106

  Sanctuaries in Englande.
• * 1.107

  Theatres.
• * 1.108

  Dionisius.
• * 1.109

  Coueryng of scaffoldes.
• * 1.110

  Edili••.
• * 1.111

  Caius Curio
• * 1.112

  Amphithea∣tres.
• * 1.113

  Iulius Ce∣sar buylded an Amphi∣theatre.

  The vse of the Amphi∣theatre.
• * 1.114

  Sand was strawen in the Amphi∣theatre
• * 1.115

  Circus.
• * 1.116

  Circus Ma∣ximus.
• * 1.117

  First iustyng in Rome.
• * 1.118

  Bathes pry∣uate.
• * 1.119

  Commō Ba∣thes.
• * 1.120

  Notable bathes
• * 1.121

  Carpentars arte.
• * 1.122

  Sawe. Chippe Axe. Plomlyne. Wymble. Glewe. Squire. Lyne. Shaue.
• * 1.123

  Compasse.
• * 1.124

  How y^e sawe was founde.
• * 1.125

  Dedalus slewe his neuewe for enuie.

  Pythagoras rule.
• * 1.126

  Penthesilia. Axe.
• * 1.127

  Tyrians wer connyng car∣pentars.
• * 1.128

  Barelles. Speusippus Baskettes. Ceres.
• * 1.129

  Who was ruler on the sea firste.
• * 1.130

  Neptune.
• * 1.131

  Rowyng in boates.
• * 1.132

  Erichthras diuised boa∣tes.
• * 1.133

  English seas
• * 1.134

  Firste shippe.
• * 1.135

  Noha made the first ship.
• * 1.136

  Galey.
• * 1.137

  Barges.
• * 1.138

  Lighter. Howe. Keele. Brigantyne. Barke. Boates of one pece.
• * 1.139

  Corke ••oate. Rudders. Sayles. Maste. Crosse pece. Ferry boates Ancores.
• * 1.140

  Grapull. Stemine. Sterne
• * 1.141

  Battaill on the sea.

  Marchādise.
• * 1.142

  Philosophi∣ers wer mar∣chantes.
• * 1.143

  Cartagiens firste mar∣chantes.
• * 1.144

  Dionisius taught the trade of mar¦chaundise.
• * 1.145

  Hebrues dyd bye and sel.
• * 1.146

  Lidians. Mercers.
• * 1.147

  Venus a com¦mon woman
• * 1.148

  Stewes.
• * 1.149

  Maydes of Cypres.
• * 1.150

  Bacchanalia
• * 1.151

  Maskes. Bonefyres. Spu. Post∣humius abro∣gated Bac∣chus feastes.
• * 1.152

  Cōmon wo∣men were of long tyme.
• * 1.153

  Punishment for aduoutry▪
• * 1.154

  Lucretia. Susanna. Ioseph. Diyng of heare.
• * 1.155

  Brode fore∣heades.
• * 1.156

  Bunglyng Phisicians are blamed.
• * 1.157

  Barbours.
• * 1.158

  P. Ticinius Mena.
• * 1.159

  Thynges whose auc∣tours be not knowen.
• * 1.160

  Atheneus in the .iiii. booke sayeth that C••essebius a barboure of Alexandria foūd out the orgānes, and bringeth the testimony of Aristotle.