The booke of falconrie or havvking for the onely delight and pleasure of all noblemen and gentlemen : collected out of the best authors, aswell Italians as Frenchmen, and some English practises withall concerning falconrie / heretofore published by George Turbervile, Gentleman.

For the disease called the Filanders which hap∣pen in the bodies of Hawkes: and first of such as are in their gorge.

THe chiefe Falconers say that al hawks haue the Filāders at all times, & are neuer w^tout thē, like as it is said that no

horse is without the Bottes. There are foure kinds of Filan∣ders, and one other kind of Filanders, of which I will speake hereafter in their due places. And with all these sorts of Filan∣ders, some hawks are more pestered than other some. The cause of thē is either their féeding on grosse & foul meats, which ingender & increase those filanders in thē, or els for that in fly∣ing eyther y^e field or the riuer, they breake some small veines within their bodies, at the encounter, by seazing too violentlie vpon their prey. By reason wherof the bloud bursteth out into their bowels, & there drieth and clottereth, whereof bréede the said Filanders in great aboundance. Afterward by reason of y^e stinch of the said bloud so clottered and bakte, béeing corrup∣ted & putrified in the bulke, because it is out of the proper ves∣sels & vains where it ought to be, the Filanders run about sée∣king the cleanest places of the body to shun the said noysome stinch, and créepe vp eyther into the hawks heart, or into her gorge, so as shée dyeth of it. Again, some men say, that theyr hawkes die of the diseases of the head, or of the Cray, when in déed they die of the Filanders, or (which is worse) of the (Aig∣nilles) a kind of Filanders, for which wee want an English terme. I will speake first of those Filanders that craule vp to y^e hawkes gorges, and from thence to the holes in their palates, whereat the hawkes doe breath, and by them into their brains whereby they be in danger of death. Ye may perceiue this in∣conuenience in the gorge by this, that when you haue fed your hawke, the Filanders féeling the swéetnesse & taste of the flesh, do stirre and craule about in such wise, as you shall sée your hawk oftentimes gape. By reason wherof it commeth to passe that now and then she casteth her gorge. Again, yée may know by this, that your hawke will bee strayning at them with her talons. Therfore cast her gently, and looke into her throat, and you shall sée them crawling there. To kill the said Filanders, M. Amè Cassian sayth thus: take a great Radish roote, and make a hole in it, and fill it with water, & set it in embers ve∣rie hote, putting fresh embers to it continually by the space of halfe an howre or more, til it be throughly well boyled, and as

your water diminisheth, fill it alwayes vp againe, howbeit that the raddish yéeldeth water inough of his owne nature. Than put the raddish into a dish, stampe it and presse out al the iuyce quite and cleane. This done, put the quantitie of a Pease of saffron made into powder into the saide water, and wash your hawkes meat therewith when yée féede her, and giue her but halfe a gorge. And if shée will not féed on it, let her be kept empty till shée bée very gréedy and eager: doe thus to her thrée or foure dayes together, and you shall kill the Filan∣ders and make your hawk sound. [If you wash your hawks meate in the distilled water of Sauin,* 1.1 it will kil the Filanders in any part whatsoeuer, or any other wormes.]

Notes

• * 1.1

  Additio