The booke of faulconrie or hauking for the onely delight and pleasure of all noblemen and gentlemen: collected out of the best aucthors, asvvell Italians as Frenchmen, and some English practises withall concernyng faulconrie, the contentes whereof are to be seene in the next page folowyng. By George Turberuile Gentleman.

Of the cauterising instruments and tooles, vvhere∣vvith Falconers do seare their Havvkes in desperate cures, when nothing else vvill serue the turne but fire, the last refuge of all others.

[illustration] depiction of instruments and tools

HAuing sundrie times in my collection of Falconrie, spoken of cawterie, to be bestowed vpon Hawkes, according to the diuersitie of their diseases and hurts, it shall be very needefull for me here in the later ende of my third booke, to set down the proportion and shape of the yrons, which are proper to y^t mat∣ter, and maner of cure, being a very necessary thing for euery good Falconer to haue those yrons about him continually to serue his turne.

Wherefore I say, that the cawterising yrons, are made in foure maners, and beare foure seuerall kinds of shapes, as by their peculiar pictures and portraitures may be seene.

[ A] Wherof y^e first assigned to this charact (A) doth serue to cau∣terise y^e hed of a hauke, bicause it is round, & somewhat playne on the toppe.

[ B] The second, signed with the letter (B) shall seerue to cawte∣rise y^e nares, without danger or hurt to y^e little stert y^t groweth vp in the midle of the nares, for that it is round, and hollow at the toppe.

[ C] The third, which is (C) is a cawterising button to burne or seare the head of a Hawke, and with that other deuice on the backe side, to cut the skin vnder the nares if neede be.

[ D] The last, signed with the character (D) is often times vsed to cawterise and enlarge the nares of a Hawke, & therefore is made so small & sharp at the poynt, y^e better to enter y^e nares.

Of these tooles and instrumentes, it behoues you to haue larger, and lesser, according to the varietie and proportion of your Hawkes, for that y^e Falcon and Goshawkes head being more huge than the Sparowhawkes, it shall not bee good, nor cōuenient to cawterise thē all w^t one selfe yron, of one bignes, but to shift your toole, according to the qualitie of the Hawke.

Ouer and besides all these tooles aforesaid, a Falconer must haue his paire of kniues, one streight poynted, the other ben∣ding at the toppe, a splatter, his coping yrons, a payre of Si∣zers, and a Surgeons instrument, to serue his vse in all disea∣ses of a Hawke, about hir beake and pownces.

Thus muche I accompt sufficient as touching Hawkes, & birds of pray, so as now there remayneth nothing more, but the French Falconers opinion of diseases and cures, and last∣ly, one small treatise and very necessary discourse, as touching the diseases that happen to Spanells, with the cure of the sayd mischiefes, which shall be the very last part of all this col∣lection of Falconrie.

Though I like the Italian Gentleman very well, for hys

singular skill and iudgement in Falconrie, yet neuerthelesse, bycause I find sundry things very good and necessarie in the French practisioners, which maye stande you in stead, (as well for manning & lewring, as also curing your diseased haukes) for whose only benefite I vndertoke the collection of this my booke. And partly, for that the French Gentleman shall not growe iealous of mee, that I skorne his skill, in regard of the learned and delicate Italian, waying them both indifferent∣ly, if I find them both to deserue like due commendation and praise: I haue heere offered to your viewe and iudgementes sundrie French mens opinions, and inuentions, as touching this Arte of Falconrie, crauing you to iudge the best, both of them and me: of them your neighbours for their first inuenti∣ons: and of me youre countrie man, for my late collection: whose paynes bestowed heerein, shall be nothing but a plea∣sure, if I may find my selfe guerdoned with good liking and deserued thankes from you. And so I committe you ouer to the discourse it selfe, withoute anye farther circumstaunce or protestation.

How to keepe and mayntayne all manner of Hawkes in health, good plight and liking.

TO keepe Falcons and all maner of birds of pray in health, the chiefe Falconers saye, y^t they must neuer haue a great gorge gyuē thē, specially of grosse meates, as Beefe, Porke, & such other y^t are hard to be put ouer and endewed. Moreouer you must beware in any wise that ye feede them not with the flesh of any beast that hath lately gone to rutte, for y^t will kill them, and yee shall not perceiue how. I fynde by experience, that the giuing of great gorges, and the feeding of them with such sorts of fleshe, (specially colde,) dothe destroy and surfit moe Hawkes than all other mischaunces that can happen to them. And therefore I warne all Falconers to beware howe

they ouergorge their Hawkes: and if they be driuen to feede them with grosse flesh for want of better, let it be well soaked in cleane water, and afterward sufficiently well wroong. It must be done in Sommer with colde water, and in Winter with suke warme water, and it must not be wroong too muche with the hande: for the massinesse of the fleshe, and the looce∣nesse of the water, will cause them to put ouer and to indew the sooner and more spedily. And it will cause them to haue the larger panels, whereby they shall the better scowre them∣selues downeward of the glitte, and grosse humors. And thys is to be vnderstoode of all grosse fleshe wherewith yee shall be fayne sometimes to feede your Hawkes: but not of any other feeding that is light and of good digestion. For yee must haue discretion to reward your Hawke now and then with some good liue and warme meate, or else shee maye bee brought too lowe. Neuerthelesse the seruing of your Hawkes with washt meate (as is sayde before) is the way to keepe them in healthe.

Of Aloes Cicotrina, wherewith you must make scowrings for youre Hawkes.

I Tell you further, that to maintayne youre Hawkes in good plight, & to keepe them from all diseases, you must euery fif∣teene days, giue thē y^e mountenāce of a beane of Aloes Cico∣trine, which must bee put into them, wrapped vp in a little of the flesh, or of the skinne of a Henne, to the intent that the taste of the Aloes which is very bitter, be not felt of them. And whē your Hawke hath swallowed it downe, beare hir vpon youre fiste, the better to cause hir to keepe that whiche is giuen hir, which done, let hir afterward cast vp the water & slime whyche she hath in hir body: and take vp the rest of the Aloes againe which she hath cast, and let it not be lost, for it is good and will serue for another time. Then set your Hawke in the Sunne

or against the fire hooded, and feede hir not till two houres af∣ter, at whiche time you shall giue hir a reasonable gorge of some liue birde or fowle. And the said medicine must be giuen in the morning after that the Hawke hath cast.

Of common pilles that are giuen to Hawkes for laxatiue medicines or downe∣warde scowrings.

NEuerthelesse in stead of the sayd Aloes, ye may at youre discretion vse common pilles, suche as Potecaries giue men to make them loosebodyed. And many are of opiniō, that they be much better thā that other of Aloes: for the pilles driue downeward and scowre more strongly and with greater ef∣fect. Yet notwithstanding, ye may vse eyther of those two, making thē at your pleasure. Of the said pilles you shall giue your Hawke one or two, after as the quantitie of them is, and when she hath taken them, set hir by a fire, or in the Sunne, and feede hir not for the space of two houres after, at whyche time ye shall giue hir some quicke and liue thing to feede vp∣pon: For the taking of the pilles will set all hir body out of temper and tune. And so ye shall keepe your Hawkes in good plight, state and health.

Another vvay to scovvre by medicine.

* 1.1TAke Aloes Cicotrine, and graines of Filander, otherwise called Stauesaker, and Cassia Fistula, as much of the one as of the other, to the mountenance of a beane, togither, & whē ye haue beaten it into powder put it into a Hennes gut of an inch long, tied fast at both ends: then conuey it into hir in the morning, so as she may put it ouer, and that must be after shee hath cast, if she had any casting at al. Then set your Hauke by the fire or in the Sunne, and feede hir with a quicke chicken, or some other liue warme meate two houres after, as is said afore: and so your Hawkes shall be kepte in good plight & state. And it is to be noted that you must not giue so muche to

a Goshawke, for they be not of so strong and churlish nature and mettell as other Hawkes are: & much lesse to a Sparow∣hawke, bycause she is not able to brooke so strong a medicine, as the Goshawke is. And therefore you must beare in mynde that your giuing of the said things to your Hawkes must bee according to their natures and strengths, by the good discreti∣on of suche as through their noble disposition doe place their care, pleasure, and minds, vpon such things.

To make a Hawke cast when she kee∣peth it too long.

FOrasmuch as Hawkes do sometimes keepe their casting too long and cannot put it vp: or else it may now and then fall out that a man knoweth not whether they haue any casting or no: in such cases, you must giue your Hawke a little Aloes, and then she will cast it togither with the slime and filth that hindred the casting of it. And for want of Aloes, giue hir the mountenance of a beane of the roote of Celendine in two or three pellets, and it will ease hir out of hād. And to further the matter, it shall not be amisse to giue hir one spoonefull of wa∣ter, wherin the Celendine rootes haue bin stieped some space: for the bitternesse thereof will force hir to cast.

Of the bathing of Havvkes.

IF you mind to keepe your Hawkes in tune and state to flee well, you must make them bath oftentimes, and you muste set water by thē, though they list not to bathe. For somtimes a Hawke is desirous to bowze and take of the water by rea∣son of some chaunce, or for some heate of hir body, or of hir li∣uer: and then is water good and auaylable to set hir agayne in good plight and health: whiche thing you shall lightly per∣ciue by that, that the Hawke will make countenaunce of more cheare and reioyce more. When your Hawke is bathed (whe∣ther it bee Goshawke or Falcon,) lette hir be throughly well

wetherd at the fire of in the Sunne. And if shee happen to bee washed, or sowst with raine, or otherwise, let hir be throughly weatherd as is said afore, least she surfet by cold, specially whē she commes from the field and from hir fleeing. For then is she cōmonly marrde for lacke of good order, and looking too, in somuch that therevpon insew the Pantas, and other disea∣ses. And therefore when the Falconer perceyueth the tyme to be daungerous for his Hawke to take such maner of colde, as in winter time after hir flight, or by taking wet in flying: he must first weather hir well at the fire or in the Sunne, and then giue hir fiue cloues of Maces in hir casting, and that wil heate hir againe.

To keepe Hawkes from inconuenien∣ces which they take of themsel∣ues, or which happen to them vnwares.

FVrthermore, to preserue Hawkes from mischiefes whyche they take lightly by cold or otherwise: when ye haue bathed and wetherd them, beware of setting them in cold and moyst places, but choose some warme and drie place, and with some clothe roll the pearch or billet that they stand on. For diuers times when Hawkes haue beaten and broosed them selues at the encounter, with great toyle in the field or at the riuer, they be so tyred, and take cold so lightly, and do so chafe their feete, that if ye should set them downe in that plight, vpon a stande of stone or wood, their legges and feete would swell, by reason of the humors that would fall down and distill from y^e higher parts, and by that meane breede gowtes, as happeneth in mē by like disorder. For suche diseases light not to men nor yet to Hawkes, but for want of good heede and looking too whē they haue distempered themselues by anye immoderate exercise. When such diseases light vpon poore Birdes, they be hard to

be cured, vnlesse a man haue very good skill to order them, and to prouide remedie for them.

How men should make their Hawkes to tire euery day.

I Say further, that the good Falconers and suche as haue a care to vse theyr Hawkes well, and to keepe them in health, must make them to tire towardes the euenings before they let them iouke. When your Hawke hath put ouer and indu∣ed, afterward in giuing hir casting, you may well at youre discretion gyue hir (if you list) a little Aloes Cicotrine in hir casting, or else some commō pill, and that doth greatly scowre the head, and doe hir much good. And that must be done eyther once a weeke, or twice in three weekes: and the sayd medicine is giuē diuers times by such as like not to giue their Hawkes tiring. Neuerthelesse I say that tiring in the morning af∣ter the Hawke hath cast, is very good. And if the tyring be of plumage, keepe hir from eating of feathers (as well as you may) for feare least she take casting before the euening: for to∣wards night it is no daunger, for then of common course shee is to haue casting. Let hir tire against the Sunne, snyting and sewing hir beake a little at your discretion, after as you find your Hawke lowe and poore, vntill you intend to go to your pastime. I haue knowen many Falconers that neuer make their Hawkes to tire, saying that it is but a custome, and needelesse: but I say the contrary. For inasmuche as the Hawke is exercised by reasonable tyring, shee becommeth the helthyer and the lighter both of body and of head, by all mo∣derate exercises, yea and she is the better in state also as you may perceyue. And I beleeue that the opinion of such as saye so, proceedeth of nothing but of slouth and of small loue whych they haue to their Hawkes. Therfore forget not to make your Hawke to tyre against the Sunne in the morning: for it rid∣deth them the better of the watry humors that descend out of

their heads, if either before the doing of it or after, you set them vpon a pearch against the Sunne, that they may tricke and enoyle themselues at their pleasure. This done, ye may sette them in their accustomed places. And bicause some Falconers are so slouthfull (as is sayd afore) that they will not make their Hawkes to tire, and othersome haue not leysure always to do it: in stead of tyring, I will giue them a remedie that follo∣weth to ease them of their watery humors which they haue in their heads for want of tiring. Take Agarike beaten into powder, and Ierapigra, with a little Saffron, and make a pill of it as bigge as a beane, and put a third part lesse of Iera∣pigra than of Agaricke to binde your pouder togither. Let that pill so made be put into hir wrapped in Cotton, towards euening when she hath indued hir gorge and is emptie, ma∣king hir to receyue it three or foure dayes togither. And you may vse this medicine from mooneth to mooneth at youre dis∣cresion: And by the opinion of all Falconers, ye may giue this pill for all vnknowen and hidden diseases, for which you know none other remedie.

Another receyt to keepe and mayntaine youre Hawkes in good healthe.

IF you intend to keepe and maintayne your Falcons and all other Hawkes in health, take Germander, Pelamountayne, Ba∣sill, Grimelsede, and Broome flowres, of each of them halfe an ownce: of I sop, of Saxifrage, of Polepodie, and of Horsemintes, of eache of them a quarter of an ownce: of Nutmegges, a quarter of an ownce: of Cucubes, Borage, Mūmy, Moge∣wort, Sage, of the four kinds of Miraholans, Indorum, Kebu∣lorum, Beliricorum, and Embelicorum, of eache of them halfe an ownce: of Saffron an ownce, and of Aloes Cicotrine the fifth part of an ownce. All these things confect to a powder, and

at euery eygth day or at euery twelfth day giue your Hawkes the quantitie of a beane of it with their meate. And if they will not take it so, put it in a Hennes gutte tied at both ends, or else after some other meanes, so as ye cause them to receiue it downe. And if they cast vp the fleshe againe by force of the powder, let it no more be giuen them with fleshe, but in the foresayd maner of the gutte, and lette them stand emptie one houre after. And according as you see your Hawke disposed, make hir to vse this medicine, to skowre hir of the euill hu∣mors that are in hir body, bred of feeding vpon naughty flesh, which ingendreth suche humors and causeth many diseases in Hawkes.

That the diseases whiche Hawkes haue in their heads, do commonly come of giuing them too great gorges, and of foule feeding: the meane of knowe it.

THe chiefe Falconers saye and agree, that the diseases in Hawkes heads do most commonly breede of giuing them too great gorges, especially of grosse and ill flesh. For when a Hawke hath too full a gorge, she cannot well put it ouer and indue it, wherevpon it falleth to corrupting and stincking in hir gorge by lying too long there, and speciallye, more in a Hawke that is lowe and poore than in one that is high, and full of flesh, insomuch that she is forced to cast it all stincking. And if she happen to put it ouer so stincking, it atteynteth and rotteth hir panell, by meanes whereof the fume and stinch as∣cend vp to hir head, and there close and stuffe vp hir eares, and the passages of hir pipes and head, so as the humors whiche were wonte, cannot passe away as they were ac∣customed, by reason whereof the head swelleth inordi∣nately.

For the humor seeketh issue and vent eyther at the eares, or at the nares, or at the throte: for wante whereof the Hawke falles in daunger of death if shee haue not speedy re∣medie. And to discerne this disease of the head, the Hawke will sniffe often, and shet hir eyes towards night, and some∣times shet eft the one and eft the other eye, and make as though she iowked with woorse cheere than shee was wont to doe: and then must you beware that shee swell not betweene the eye and the beake. And if she do, then cauterize hir in that maner that is set downe hereafter. Whensoeuer the humor makes a shew to sew out at the Hawkes eares, at hir nares, or at hir throte, then is shee in perill of deathe, if shee bee not holpen presently.

The remedie of the sayde disease.

YOu muste take the larde of Bakon that is not restie, nor ouer olde, and of the fattest of it make slyces, as it were to larde Partridges, and suche small birds, and let them steepe in freshe colde water a whole night, chaunging the water three or foure tymes. Then take the marowe of beefe well picked, and suger once boyled and clarified, and of those three things being eche of like quātitie, with the quantitie of a lyttle beane of Saffron in powder, well mingled togither, make pilles of the bignesse of a beane, and giue them to your hawke, causing some body to caste hir, and opening hir beake by force, if shee will not take them otherwise. This done, set hir by the fyre, or in the Sunne, and anone ye shall see howe she will skowre and slyse by casting vpwarde and downwarde the grosse hu∣mors wherwith hir bodie is ouercharged. And when she hath muted well three or foure tymes, let hir be taken from the fire, or out of the Sunne, and set vpon hir pearche in hir accusto∣med place, and let hir not be fedde till twoo howers after, and then allowe hir of a chicken or mutton but halfe a gorge. Let

hir be thus dealt withall three dayes togither, making hir to tyre euery day agaynst the sunne both morning and euening. And foure fiue or sixe days after, giue hir euery day a cloue of Mace in hir casting, and she shall recouer.

When the three dayes are paste, wherin you haue so scow∣red hir, take a little pepper beaten into very fine powlder, and mingling it with vineger in a sawcer, open hir beake, and rubbe the roofe of hir chappe therewith, and likewise put a droppe or twayne of it into hir nares, and set hir by the fire or in the Sunne, and you shall see how mightily it will open hir head. Howbeit you must not giue this medicine to a Hawke that is very poore, for she will not bee able to brooke it. And within an houre or two after, feede hir with a chickens leg: and after let hir haue twice a day at hir houres a reasonable gorge, and let the sayde powlder be giuen hir no more but once.

In stead of this powlder, some giue thys medicine follo∣wing, whyche you maye gyue also if you thinke good: that is to witte, a little Stauesacre, howbeit that it is very strong, if there be not skill vsed to delay the strength of it. Where∣fore if you mynde to giue your Hawke of it, giue hir not past three or foure graynes of it wrapt in a cloth or in lint, whiche you must breake afterwarde and beate into powlder. Then take a little cleane water in a dishe, and put your powlder in it, and mingling it togither in manner of a Sirop, put three or foure droppes of it into your Hawkes nares, and sette hir in the Sunne or by the fire as is sayd afore, if it be colde. That done, then by Martins aduice take pitche if you will, to the mountenance of a beane, whyche you must warme be∣twixt youre handes, and afterwarde cleane it to the roofe of hir beake, rubbing it ouer with a little of the powlder of Stauesacre and Pepper, till shee feele the pitche well vppon hir Palate: and by and by in laboring to shake off the sayde pitche and water from hir Palate, shee will cast: and let hir cast hir fill till shee bee throughly scowred. And when yee

thinke shee is scowred sufficiently, take away the sayd pitche if it bee not falne off already, and set your Hawke to the fire, or in the Sunne as is sayd in the medicine of the Pepper, and feede hir with some good meate one houre after.

And to recomfort youre Hawke after all these medicines, yee maye giue hir foure or fyue Cloues of Mace as is sayde afore, after as the bignesse of them is, whyche you must firste brooze a little, and put into hir casting. For the Cloues so giuen are singularly good for Hawkes against all Rheumes and humors of the head, so that it maketh them to haue a good breath and keepeth it from stincking, by setting theyr whole bodies in a temperate heate. And the Cloues being so gy∣uen euery eight daye, is ynough to keepe a Hawke from all rhewmatike diseases of the head, and from all other diseases that come of cold.

Of a confirmed Rewme that commeth of colde.

NOw that I haue spoken of the disease of the head whyche commeth oftentimes of gyuing too greate a gorge or of fowle feeding, I will speake of the Rhewme or pose whyche breedeth of the coldnesse of the brayne, and vpper parte of the head. The Hawkes that haue this disease, indure suche payne as they cannot holde open their eyes. And of this disease spring many other griefes, as the pinne and the webbe in the eye, whereby they lose theyr syght: and sometimes they lose their syght withoute hauing the pinne and webbe in theyr eyes. Besides that, there followeth the hawe in their eyes as in the eyes of a Horse, and sometimes also the pip in their tungs, and another disease whiche is called the Efforcyllons in the Frenche tong (I knowe not what Englishe tearme to bestowe vppon it.) And moreouer the swelling of the roofe of their pallate whyche is called the Vuila, an ill disease, whereof

breedeth the Cancre. All these diseases are very daungerous and put Hawkes in great hazard, if there be not skill to reme∣die them betimes. And Master Amé Cassyan sayth that suche diseases breede of flewme whiche is in the bodies of Hawkes, as I sayd afore of the other Rhewme: and that fleume com∣meth of setting them in moyst and colde places. Also some∣tyme it commeth of bringing them home colde and wet out of the fieldes, and of setting them downe vppon their pear∣ches withoute drying or warming them at the fire or in the Sunne.

The remedie of those diseases is first and formost to caw∣terise them in manner following. Fashion a little yron with a rounde heade like a peaze, (whiche is called a button) and make it in manner redde whote in the fire, but yet not ouer∣whote: (for yron is very violent if it be too much het.) Caute∣rise hir therewith on the toppe of hir head, bycause the griefe and disease is there grounded. Cause your Hawke to be well cast, that you maye cawterize hir at youre ease, and pleasure, for you must beware of burning hir too deepe, and therefore that ye may be sure to do it well, mayle your Hawke fast, and pull off a fewe of hir feathers. Assoone as you haue done so, take another yron with a poynte as sharpe as the tooth of a combe, and put it in the fire as afore sayde, and therewith pierce hir nares in y^e middes. Thē two or three days after, take another flat yron of a finger broad, heate likewise red whote, and cauterise your Hawke againe therewith handsomly as it were betweene the eye lid and the horne of the beake, and do it with the sharper side of the yron: not that the yron ought in∣deede to haue any edge, but rather by all reason to be blunt. And take good heede that the fire touch nother the ball of hir eye nor hir nares, and therefore see that ye gard hir eye with a wet cloute to keepe it from the smoke. All such maner of fires must be giuen towards the euening, before Hawkes are sup∣ped, when they are emptie, for otherwise y^e handling of them would make them cast their gorges. When all is done as it

should be, halfe gorge your Hawke, or somewhat lesse with warme meate. And the same daye make prouision of suche Snayles as are among vines, or among Fenill, and suche as haue gray shelles, they are the best, for men are wont to eate of them. Steepe fyue or sixe of them in the milke of an Asse, or of a Gote, or else (for want of that) in womans milke, and let it be done in a good large glasse well couered, that they creepe not out.

The next morning breake the shelles, and wash them in newe milke as it commeth from the Cowe: then giue foure or fiue of those Snayles to your Hawke, after that they bee of bignesse. And assoone as that is done, set hir against a fire or the Sunne, and remoue hir not away till she haue muted four or fiue times. And if she can abide the heate well, let hir alone still, for it doth hir much good. After noone fede hir w^t a Hennes legge or with some small birds, or with a Ratte or a Mouse, whiche are best of all, and then set hir in a warme place and giue hir not too great a gorge. When euening commes, that she hath indued & put ouer hir meate, take fiue or sixe Cloues of Mace, broken asunder, and wrapped in a peece of flesh or a pellet of cotton, and make hir to receyue it by fayre meanes, or fowle, by opening hir beake, and conueying it into hir. Con∣tinue this medicine foure or fiue dayes, and your Hawke shall recouer. Afterward make hir to tire euening and morning and let hir feeding be styped in milke as is sayde afore of the Snayles, for the milke scowreth hir body within, and is very nutritiue, and will quickly bring hir to be hie, and in fleshe agayne.

Another medicine that Mallopin giueth in stead of the other aforesayd.

TAke the powlder of Saffron and Camomill, of eache the mountenance of a little peaze, & when ye haue mingled thē

togither, put thereto Larde that is neither restie, nor ouer sal∣ted, and steepe them a nyght and a day in three or foure chan∣ges of water, and then washe the Larde throughly in faire li∣coure. That done, take Suger clarified, and the Maree of a Beefe. Of the things aforesayde, take as muche of the one, as of the other, so as you may make fiue or sixe balles of the big∣nesse of a Beane. Then myngle the sayde mixtures, and the powders togither, and euery morning gyue your hawke one of the balls, tyll all be spente: and as is sayde afore, sette your hawke by the fire, or in the Sunne, & feede hir not by the space of an houre or twayne after: at which time you shall gyue hir either a Hennes legge, or some small birdes, or a Rat, or some Myce. And in the morning, when she hath well indewed, giue hir foure or fiue cloues of Maces lapped in a little flesh, or in the skinne of a Henne, or in pellettes of Cotton. And so may you cauterize hir before the sayde medicin, after the ma∣ner that I haue shewed before in the former receyte of the Snayles, so you draw hir meate in Mylke, or in fresh butter.

For the disease of the eares, whiche commeth of the Rhewme and colde.

SOmetimes there happeneth another disease to hawkes, by reason of moysture of the heade, whiche is called the disease of the eares, bycause there yssue out certaine humors by them. And ye shall know the disease by this, that the hawke will oft times wrythe hir heade backe, and maketh not so good cheare, as she shoulde do, and is more vnlustie. Wherefore search and peruse hir eares, and you shall finde the disease there. The remedie whereof, by Master Amé Cassians deuise, is this.

Take a little long yron, rounde at the ende as a peaze, and Oyle of sweete Almonds, or for lacke of that, Oyle of Roses, whiche is muche better, if you can come by it. Then heat your yron in the fire, neyther glowing red, nor very hotte, and put

it into the Oyle, and of that oyle so heat with the yron, droppe a little into your hawkes eares, putting the yron a little into them, that they be not stopped. For then of suche incon∣uenience happeneth oftentymes the Canker to the brayne, which is incurable, & killeth the hawke. And beware of thru∣sting the yron to farre in, or of beeing too hotte, for else you may kill hir. You must continue the ministring of this Oyle, foure or fiue daies, alwaies wiping away the humors gently, that yssewe out of hir eares, & alwaies respecting hir casting, whither it be cleane or no. And if you list to skowre hir with a common pyll or twaine, they wil ease hir heade maruelously well, and doe hir exceeding muche good: or if you do it with the sayde balles of Larde, Suger, and Marow of Beefe, it is good likewise, for you may vse eyther y^e one or y^e other at your pleasure.

Of the disease of the eylyddes, whiche commeth of the rewme and colde.

ANother disease happeneth to Hawkes, in the eyelyddes, whiche causeth a swelling vnder the the eylydde, betweene the eye & the feare of y^e beake (we haue no proper speach for it) if ye remedie it not betymes, it wyll swell rounde about: and thereof commeth the Hawe in the eye, whiche will ouergrow the eye, & stoppe it. And assure your selfe it is a signe of death, if it growe too long. For I haue seene many dye of it in my tyme, for lacke of remedie. Now by Master Amé Cassyans o∣pinion, the remedie is this. Heate the little rounde yron that I spake of afore, & cauterize hir with it softly vpon hir heade, as is said for y^e Rewme. Likewise with y^e other cutting yron seare hir betweene the eye & the beake. Also pierce hir nares with the lyttle yron, and afterwarde gyue hir the medicine of the Snayles, after the manner aforesayde, foure or fiue dayes togyther. And for wante of that medicine, you maye

vse the other, of Larde, Suger, and the Marow of Beefe mingled with the powder of Saffron and Camomill.

Of the Hawe in the eye, whiche commeth of moysture, and colde, and howe it happeneth.

MOreouer somtimes there growes a great disease in their eyes, which is named the Hawe, and commeth after the same manner that it commeth in horses: namely, sometyme by a blowe, or a stripe, sometyme by a disease in the heade, & moste commonly by hurting of the eye with the streyghtnesse of the hoode, or by some other misfortune, which cannot some∣times be eschewed. And you shall discerne the cōming of this disease, by seeing a little filme growing vp from the bending of hir beake, and couering hir eye by little and little. And this filme is somewhat blacke afore, and is called the Hawe, which putteth out the eye, if it once ouergrowe the ball of it. To re∣medie the same, take a little needle y^t is very sharpe poynted, and fine threeded with a silke threede, and therewith take vp the Hawe handsomely, and cut it with a little slicer, as horse-leaches do too horses, but beware that you cut it not too muche, for hurting of the eye, which you must washe with Rose wa∣ter three dayes togither. In these cures of diseases that grow in the eyes, there must be great care vsed, for feare of a greater mischiefe, bicause of the dayntinesse of the place.

Of a blowe giuen to the eye, or of some other mischaunce.

SOmetime the eyes of hawkes are hurt by some mishappe, some stripe, or otherwise, as I sayde afore. Against such vn∣looked for mischaunces, Master Amé Cassyan giueth clere Fe∣nell water, & Rose water, as much of the one as of the other, & therwith washeth y^e eye twyce or thrice aday. Master Malopin

in his booke of the Prince,* 1.2 willeth to take the iuyce of Celon∣dine, otherwise called, Herbe Arondell, or Swallowes herbe, & to conuey it into the eye. And if it be not to be had greene, to take it drye, and to beate it into pouder, and to blow it into hir eye with a quill, and this shall recure the hawke.

Of the Filme in the eye, which some call the Veroll, or the Pinne and webbe.

THere is another disease in the eye, called a Filme, whiche commeth sometimes of disease in the head, & of Rhewmes that distill into the eyes, and sometimes of standing too long, or too close hooded, whiche hapneth through the fault and ne∣gligence of suche as haue the bearing and ouersight of them. For the remedie heerof, Master Martin sayeth, that ye muste take Celondine, and bray it, putting thereto Hoonie and fresh butter, and of eche of those three gyue your hawke a like por∣tion with a hotte gorge, and moreouer put the powder of Pepper and Aloes in hir eye. Or else (as sayeth Master Amé Cassian) you muste giue hir the foresayde medicine of Larde, Suger, and Marow of Beefe, three or four dayes togither, to skowre hir, setting hir by a fire, or in the Sunne, and feeding hir after it with some lyue fowle, and keeping hir out of the wind, & from standing colde, or moyste. After she is so skow∣red, if ye see that the webbe shewe it selfe muche, cauterize hir vpon the vpper part of hir head, and likewise a little betwene the eye and the beake, after the manner aforesayde. When all this is done, squirte a little Rose water into hir eye, and if nede be, minister thereto the powder or the iuyce of Celondine, otherwise called Herbe Arondell, as is sayde afore. This dis∣ease of the Pinne & webbe, is of some men called the Veroll, for the remedying whereof, they burne the shell of a Tortoyse in a newe pot, and beate it into fine powder, whiche they serce through a fine cloth. Then take they a Cockle of the sea, which

is fashioned like a Hart, and burning it throughly in the fire, make it into fine powder, & serce it likewise. And finally they take Suger Candie in powder. These three powders myxte togyther in equall portions, they vse to put into their hawkes eyes tyll they be whole.

Master Michelin telleth of one other receyte for the sayde disease, which is this. Make a little hole in the top of an egge, and powre out the white of it: then coyle cleare Rose water, and Sanguis draconis, well togyther, and fill vp your egge with them, and stirre them throughly with a smal sticke. Afterward wrappe vp your egge in paste, and stoppe vp the hole of it, that nothing get out: which done, set it so clozed in the fire, till the paste become blacke and redde at the taking it from the fire. Then take out that which is within it, and beate it into pou∣der, and serce it through a fine cloth: and of that powder you may vse to put in your hawkes eye till it bee cured, washing hir eye now and then with water of Fenell, and of Roses.

Master Mallopin makes another medicine for the same dis∣ease, which is this. Take the dung of a Lyzart, (which is cal∣led a Prouinciall) and beate it into powder, with Suger Cā∣die, somewhat more in quantitie than the other, mingling thē both togither. He sayeth, that this powder is much better than all the others, whereof you may vse as is sayde afore, conuey∣ing into your hawkes eye water of Roses, and of Fenell.

For the disease that breedeth in hawkes beakes, commonly called Formica.

DIuers tymes there growes a disease vppon the horne of hawkes beakes, which eateth and fretteth the beake from the heade. Master Amé sayeth, it is a woorme that eateth the horne of the beake within, by reason whereof the Hawke is in greate daunger, if shee bee not holpen in tyme. Yee shall perceiue it by this, that the horn of the beake waxeth rug∣ged,

and the beake beginneth to ryue and cliue from hir head. Master Amé Cassian giueth this answere and remedie there∣vnto. Take the gall of an Ore, (or of a Bull, whiche is bet∣ter than of an Oxe) and alltoo beate it, and breake it in a dishe, and put thereto the powder of Aloes Cicotrine, and myngle them well togither. Then noynte the horne of your hawkes clappe or beake therewith, and the very place where the Formica growes, twyce adaye. But beware that you touche neyther hir eyes, nor hir nares. And continewe your so doing, till she be throughly cured, and lette hir bee bathed with Orpiment & Pepper, to kepe hir from vermine & Mytes.

For the disease that breedeth in the Nares of Hawkes.

ANother disease bredeth in Hawkes nares, so as they swell exceedingly: and sometyme vppon the horne of the beake there ryseth a cruste, at y^e remouing whereof the flesh is found to be raw vnderneath the clappe, insomuche that diuers times they loose y^e one half of their beake. Master Amé Cassian saith, y^t the hawke hath smal Mites in hir heade, which creepe downe alōgst hir beake, & entring in at hir nares, do brede y^e sayd dis∣ease: & that y^e hawke feeling them, & being molested therwith, thrusteth hir talants into hir nares. Or else it happeneth som∣times, that a cast of hawkes do buckle & crab togither, & therof breedeth the sayde disease. Master Amé Cassian prouideth for it this remedie following.* 1.3 Make little matches of paper, of the bygnesse of the tag of a poynt, & let your hawke be cast hand∣somely, & set your matches on fire with a candle, & seare your hawke vpon the place swollen, taking good hede that you do it not too roughly. Which being done, annoynt it the next mor∣ning with a little Hennes grease, and so will it heale well, & hir beake and nares will not be stuft, but remaine open. Ne∣uerthelesse ye must be fayne sometimes to touche hir with an yron, which is more daungerous than the other.

The disease called the Frownce, whiche breedeth within hawkes beakes, and in their tongues.

THe Frownce proceedeth of moyst & colde humors, which de∣scend from the hawkes head to their palate, and y^e roote of y^e tōgue. And of y^t cold, is ingendred in y^e tongue y^e Frownce, otherwise called (of the French mē y^e Barbillons, or Sourchelons.) by meanes of which they loose their appetite, & cānot close their clap, whereof they oftentimes dye: & that disease is named y^e Eagles bane. For as I reported to you in y^e first parte of this collection, the Eagle seldome when dyeth of age, but onely by meane hir beake doth ouergrowe, so as she cānot feede & gorge hir selfe. Yee may perceiue this disease by losse of hir appetite to feede. And to know it the better, open your hawkes beake, & looke on hir tongue, whither it be swollen or no: And if there appere not that disease, open hir beake againe within a while after, & see if there be any likelyhoode of it, and so may yee ea∣sily discrie the mischiefe. For remedie wherof the sayde Master Mallopin sayeth, that you must take Oyle of swete Almondes, or Oyle Olyue washt in foure or fiue waters, and with that Oyle annoynt hir throte and hir tongue three or four times a day with a feather, for fiue or sixe dayes togither. And if your hawke cannot feede, lette hir meate be cutte and shredde into very small pellets. This done, open hir beake gently, and make hir to receyue it downe, by conueying a small stycke into hir throte, gyuing hir not paste halfe a gorge at a tyme, and that muste bee eyther of Mutton, or of some lyue fowle, Henne, Chicken, or suche lyke: fiue or sixe dayes after, open hir beake handsomely agayne, and with a payre of sharpe Sissers, cutte off the typpes of the Barbillons, till the bloude followe, but yet beware of cutting away too muche. After this, annoynte and moysten wel hir throte with syrope of Mulberies, called of the Apothecaries Diamoron, and then annoynte hir with Oyle of sweete Almondes, or with Oyle Olyue, tyll she be recured.

Of the disease called by the Frenche men, Escorchillons, a kinde of frownce or Canker.

* 1.4SOmetimes there happeneth a disease to hawkes, whiche is called the Escorchillons, a harde disease to bee discerned. It breedeth commonly of a Rhewme, confirmed in the heade, from whence spring many other diseases, (whereof I haue made mention in the Chapter of Rhewmes in the heade, and of the disease called (the Barbillons,) whiche breedeth in Hawkes tongues,) as the Pyppe doth, the disease of the pa∣late, and the Canker, which are very daungerous diseases and deadely. If yee wyll knowe the Escorchillons, let your hawke be caste handsomely, and open hir beake, and force downe hir tongue with your fingers ende, so as you may see hir winde∣pype, and a little beneath hir windepype yee shall finde the Escorchillons, lyke three or foure sharpe prickes growing one agaynste another, that sometymes the Hawke cannot caste, by meane thereof. And that is a perfect waye to knowe this euyll. Furthermore, in the same place, and on eyther syde of the windepype, yee shall finde twoo small stertes of deshe, whiche are naturall to all Hawkes. But at the lower ende of them doe growe vp manie lyttle prickes, whiche are the cause that a Hawke can not well caste in the morning, in∣somuche that sometymes shee is fayne to caste hir casting by peecemele, and not whole. And that is another assurance of the sayde disease, whiche maye bee well cured and remedied bothe togyther.

The remedie which Amé Cassyan gyueth for this disease, is sette foorthe in the former Chapter by Master Mallopin, where hee wylleth you to take Oyle of sweete Almondes, or Oyle Olyue, &c.

The disease of the Canker which breedeth in the throtes and tungs of Hawkes.

YE must vnderstande that the Canker breedeth of fowle fee∣ding your Hawkes, not washing of their meate in colde water in Sommer, and in warme in Winter, whiche ingen∣dreth in their guttes grosse slimy matter. And when those hu∣mors come to be moued, they fume vp into the head, and (so di∣stilling agayne) ingender heate of the lyuer, which breaketh out in the throte and the tung, and there ingender the Canker. You shall discerne this disease by the feeding of your Hawke, for in taking hir meate she letteth it fall, and afterward hath much a∣doe to swallowe it. Therefore let hir beake be anoynted, and you shall find the disease of the Canker. Master Amé Cassian giueth this medicine for it. Take Oyle of Almonds or Oyle Olife washed as is sayd afore, and anoynt well hir throte with it twice or thrice a day. That done, giue hir the sayd medicine of Sugre, Lard, and marrowe of Beefe three dayes togither, and feede hir with Mutton or with Pullets or Hennes flesh dipped in the foresayd Oyle, but ye must not washe your Oyle of Al∣monds. After this, you must behold and regard the Canker, and if you find it white, take a small yron made at the one ende lyke a Rasor, and at the other end edged and sharp. And if hir tung be very much ouergrowen with the Canker, slit & open it hand∣somly alongst the side of hir tung, and with your Raser scrape away the whitenes softly which you see there. Then take a little Cotton or lint to drie and drinke vp the bloud of hir tung, and see that none be left. And if the other side of hir tung happen to be so too, slit it likewise: which done, take the iuyce of Mayden∣heare, and lay vpon it. And for want of that herbe, take a little bineger, or rather the iuyce of a Lymon which is much better, and wash hir meate in Oyle till she be throughly recured. Ma∣ster Michelin giueth another remedie which is this. Anoynt wel hir throte and tung with Sirup of Mulberies (otherwise called Diamoron) two or three dayes togither, after whiche take of the foresayd good Oyle: Then take the powder of Brimston and

of sugre candie, or of other white suger mingled well togither of eche a like, and put a little thereof vpon the Canker: for it you should lay much, it would fret the tung too sore. And this maner of dealyng is better for a confirmed Canker, than any other. Therfore wash hyr meate with the oyle aforesayd, and feede hyr with mutton, or the flesh of Hennes or pullets.

Of a kinde of Pippe that is in a Hawke.

THe Pippe cōmeth chiefly of cold and moystnesse of the head: and sometimes of feeding your hawke with euill and rotten flesh, without washing it and making it cleane in warme wa∣ter in the winter, and in colde water in the Sommer. Whereof ingendereth slimy & grosse humors in the bodie, which ascend vp to the head & ingender the pip on the tip of the tung as ye see cō∣monly fall out in chickens. And ye may perceiue this disease by your hawkes often sniting, & by making a noyze twice or thryce in hyr snyting. M. Amé Cassian sayeth, that to remedie this di∣sease, you must caste your hawke gently, & looke vpon the tip of hir tung: and if ye finde hir to haue the pippe, ye must scoure hir with a pill made of Agarik and Ierapigra, giuen two or three dayes togither with hir casting towards night, and that will rid hyr of the rhewme in hyr head, the rather if she be made to tyre against the sunne in the mornings, as is sayd afore. M. Malopin in his booke of the Prince, sayeth, that to cure the Pippe, ye must binde a little cotton vpon a stickes ende, and dipping it in sweete rosewater washe well hir tung with it: and afterwarde an∣noynt it three or foure dayes with oyle of Almonds, and oyle olife well washed as is before sayd: and when ye haue done so, ye shall finde the Pippe all white and soft. Then take an awle, and with the poynt of it lift vp the Pippe softly, remouyng it as women do Pippe their Chickens. Howbeit ye must not re∣moue it till it be full rype: for if yee take it to greene, you shall hurte your hawke. And looke that you wet hir tung and palat twyce or thryce a day with the foresayd oyle, till she be through∣ly cured.

Of the disease of their palat which falleth of swelling by reason of moysture of the head.

SOmetimes it happeneth that the palates or roofes of hawkes mouthes are swollen, and looke whytish: which commeth of moysture and cold wherwith their heads are surcharged. And ye may perceyue this disease by that they cannot close their beakes, and by that they looke not so cherely as they were woont to do, ne can put ouer, or endew their meate but with greate payne. To cure your hawke of this disease, you muste open hir beake, where you shall finde the roofe of hir mouth whytish and swol∣len. And if you find it not so, you must searche hir beake to dis∣cerne if she haue any other disease there that lettes hir to shet it: for sometimes their beakes growe more on the one side of the clappe than on the other, so as they cannot close thē. The remedie that M. Amé Cassian giues for this euill, is this: The hawkes that are so diseased must haue the sayd pilles of Larde, suger, and maree of beefe, giuen them euery morning, one or twoo, for foure or fiue dayes space togither, and aboute an houre or two after, feede them with some poultrie or mutton drawen through the foresayd oyle. And after those dayes, open hir beake againe and softly scrape of the whytenesse: and if ye finde the swellyng aba∣ted, then do none other thing to hyr but onely continue your a∣noynting of hyr with the sayd oyle. But if ye perceiue the swel∣lyng to ryze to high, ye may launce or pricke it, but ye muste be∣ware that yee stryke not to deepe, for ye may soone kill your hawke. Afterwarde lay the iuyce of maydenheare to it, and continue it till it be throughly cured, and alwayes drawe hir meate in the sayd oyle, or else in milke or butter.

For the disease of the iawes.

THe disease of the iawes cōmeth either of drawing the hoode to streyt, or for that it is to close & streyt of it self. And y^t causeth the Rewme to droppe downe out of the hawkes head vpon hyr

gummes & iawes, (if we may so terme them.) You shall know it by this, that she can neyther open nor shet hir beake.

M. Michelins medicine for the same.

ANnoynt well the gorge, iawes, and nares of your hawke with oyle of sweete Almondes three or foure dayes togither, and for want of that, take oyle Olife washt in two or three wa∣ters, and drawe hir meate through it as is sayde afore, and giue hir pilles of Lard, sugre and marie of a beef, or else common pilles to scoure hyr bothe vpward and downeward.

Of the Hawke that hath broken hir clappe, by some mischaunce.

AN other inconuenience befalleth Hawkes by the negligence of such as kepe them: for in their feeding there cleaneth or re∣mayneth some peece of flesh in their iawes or in the roofe of their mouth, or on some place or other of their beake, whiche marreth their beakes, so as it is enforced to fall away in sliuers and pee∣ces. This hapneth for want of wiping their beakes as they ought to be after their feeding, by meane whereof both hir clappes grow so much, as at length it falleth to breaking and ri∣uing, if it be not remedied in time. And thereof breedeth this dis∣ease which we call (Formica Corrosiua) wherby the beake becom∣meth brittle and is vtterly marred. Master Amé Cassian apoin∣teth it this remedie following. Looke into your Hawkes beake, coping it and keping it very cleane, and if you find any Formica corrosiua there, remoue it. That done, anoynt the horne of hir beake with the bloud of a Snake or an Adder, and the bloud of a Henne, mingled togither, to make it to grow the more speedy∣ly. Also let the meate which she eateth be cut in small pellets, for otherwise she cannot feede. And yet for all that, ceasse not to flee with hir. Within .xv. dayes or three weekes after, when ye see hir beake begin to grow agayne, cast your Hawke handsomely, and cope hir nether clappe that the vpper clappe may ioyne order∣ly vnto it, as it should do of his owne nature.

Of the falling sicknesse, whiche hapneth to hawkes as well as to men, and other liuing things.

THe chiefe Falconers say, that the falling sicknesse happeneth too hawkes, through a fumyng heate that ascendeth vp from the liuer to theyr heads, and maketh them to fal downe vpon the suddayne. M. Mallopin sayeth, that to remedie this disease, the hinder part of their head must be pervsed & sought, where a man shall finde two little pittes, whiche muste be cauterized with a wyer of brasse. And if that help not, then must you cauterize hyr dayntely vpon the head with the foresayd round yron, or else you may hap to kill hir. This done, drie redde Lentils in an ouen, and make them into fine powder: then take the filyng of yron, the finest of it, as much of the one as of the other, and mingle thē bothe togither with honie, and make it in little balles of the big∣nesse of a peaze. Then giue your hawke two or three of them, puttyng them as farre into hir gorge as you can, and holde hir vpon your fist at the fire or in the sunne til she haue made a mute or twayne, and let hir haue no meate till noone, and then serue hir of a Pigeons wing, dealing so with hyr seuen or eight dayes togither: In the night let hyr be kepte alwayes abrode, and in the day times in the darke, with water continually before hir.

M. Amé Cassyan teacheth another medicine: that is to wit, that the skinne of theyr heades muste be launced right ouer a∣gaynst the foresayde pittes, where there are little veynes whiche muste be taken vp with a silke threede, and annoynted ouer with the bloud of a Chicken. Whiche beyng done, ye must gyue hir the foresayde pilles seuen or eight dayes togither, takyng good heede that ye set hir not neere any other hawkes, and that your hawking gloue be very cleane. For that kynde of diseaze is con∣tagious, and will soone passe from one hawke to another, by fee∣ding on the gloue whereon another hath bene fedde before. And by night lette hir stande in the winde and open ayre, and by day in darke places, with water alwayes afore hyr, as is already taught you.

Of another falling euill which first breedeth in the necke and in the gorge of a Hawke.

IF you perceyue your hawke to haue a swollen necke & gorge, & that she panteth more strongly in the mornings at one time than at another: assure your selfe that she hath the falling euill. Martin sayeth, that you must take Sanguis draconis, Nutmegs, that kinde of Mirabolans, whiche are called Kebuline, Cloues, Cynamon and Ginger, of eche two pennie weight, and ma∣king it all into fine powder, strew a quantitie of it euery mor∣ning vpon hir meate, supping hir euery night with a ratte or a mouse, three or foure dayes togither, and that will make hir whole and sounde.

Of the Fistula, a grief that proceedes through payne of the head.

YE shal perceyue when your hawke hath y^e Fistula, by the rū∣ning of hir nares & by the streaming downe of y^e humors frō hir head. For y^t which disease, Martin alloweth this remedie. Ye must cast your hawke handsomly, and deplume hir head behinde in the backer parte, and anoynt it with butter and swynes bloud togither. And you shall finde a vayne that cōmeth downe to hir eyes, whiche you muste cut, and knit it againe with a redde silke threede, anoynting it well and throughly with butter & swynes bloud for nine dayes togither, and then it will recouer hir.

For the swymming in the head of a Hawke.

IF your hawke gape much and beate hyr wings, then be yee sure that she hath y^e swymming in y^e head. The remedie wher∣of is this. Take a fine needle that is sharpe poynted, and when ye haue well het it in the fire, pearce hir nares with it through on bothe sides, and beware that ye go not awrie, for so ye may do hyr great harme. Then anoynt it with Oyle and butter togi∣ther, and it will recouer hyr, by meane of the vente that you shall giue the humour by the nares.

For all maner of diseases in the head, and special∣ly for the ache that is in a Hawkes head.

WHensoeuer your hawke hath any great disease or payne in hyr head, take sixe graynes of pepper, foure of Staues∣aker, and fiue cloues, & beate them togither into sine powder, and feede hir but three dayes togither, with warme meate mingled with it, and she shall recouer. And for want of that, ye may vse the fine powder that is mēcioned heretofore. And if your hawke will not be fedde with it, let it be conueyed into cotton or into a a Hennes skin, to take away the sent of it, & feede hir with none other than warme meate, and such as is light of disgestion. For the diseases of the head, do so weaken hyr appetite and stomacke, that she cannot put ouer, nor indew hir meate. And to the ende she may the better indew it, giue hir but small meales till she be throughly recouered. And if she will eate the yolke of an egge, droppe vpon it some of the sayde powder, and giue it hir with whote meate, and so ye shall recouer hir. Here are sundry re∣ceytes and medicines, whiche I neuer haue proued, and therefore I can warrant little of them: but neuerthelesse I finde them in my French Authors, and therefore am so ventrous to place them here in this collection of remedies for hawkes: leauing them o∣uer to the desirous Falconer, that hath a wil to practise vpon his hawke. For store (they say) is no sore, & among many there must needes fall out some good and wholesome receytes. Wherfore iudge discretely of all: and make proofe of suche as you lyke: Experience is the mother of skill.

Of the stone, and how and wherof it cōmeth.

YOu must vnderstād y^t there are .ij. sorts of diseases in hawks, called by the name of the stone: & scarsly dothe the one come without the other. The one keepth beneath in their tuels, & the other in their bowels & panels: & they may be cured bothe togi∣ther. Some cal this disease y^e Cray. And M. Amé Cassian saieth that the stone or Cray commeth by the eating of filthie flesh, & by meane of foule feeding. For it burneth & drieth in theyr bowels,

(as I sayd heretofore in the diseases of the head) bicause the filthe which they haue gathered in their panels inflameth their Liuer, which doth so drie vp the substance of the guttes, that they cānot mute, but must needes die of it, if they be not cured. Some say that this disease cometh of giuing them washt meate whote be∣fore it be throughly cold, & that is like ynough: for a hawke likes not of water and bloud both togither at once. The stone in the fundement cometh of the filthe whiche the hawke shoulde mute, which thickeneth & lies bakte at the tuell: by meanes wherof she becomes so poore, that she cānot mute or slyse from hyr, & so must needes die. Yet notwithstāding I haue often seene, that when a Falcon is high and lustie, she will slyse it out well ynough by meane of hir strength. And ye may perceyue when she hath the stone, by that she muteth with peyne & by drops, which is a signe that she needeth to skowre that matter, whereof the stone dothe grow. And when she muteth at twice, & a third time after that, it is a token that the stone is throughly confirmed in hyr guttes & panel. Moreouer, when ye see that hir tuell is chased, & but little droppes from hyr, and that the feathers of hir trayne are much fi∣led with hir muting, and that she is euermore picking with hyr beake about hir tuell, be ye sure she hath y^e stone in hir tuell, which we cal the stone Craye. Againe when she muteth and maketh as though she would iouke vpō your fist, & in hir eyes is more trou∣bled thā of ordinarie: doubt not but that she hath the stone cray. And bycause she cannot ridde it, she is in daunger, if she be not lookte too in time. The remedie thereof by the iudgement of M. Amé Cassyan, is this: take a slyce of Larde (or a pellet of Sope, wet in salet oyle) of the bignesse of a goose quill, and an inche long, and put theron the powder of Aloes cicotrine: which done, cast your Hawke handsomly, and conuey it into hir tuell as ye woulde giue a man a suppositorie: and if the Larde be too ten∣der and softe to handle, sticke it vpon a Hennes feather, so as the feather appeare not through the Larde (for so may yee do hir greate harme with the feather) and so conuey it vp into hyr tuell, drawyng away the feather gently, and leauing the Larde behind, and haue snayles in a readinesse to giue hir immediatly

after ye haue applied the sayde deuise. And for lacke of Snayles, giue hir the forementioned pyll of Lard, mingled with marrow and suger, and set hir in the Sunne, or by a fire, without feeding of hir till one houre after noone. And if she indure well to be by the fire, or in the Sunne, let hir alone, for the heate is very good for hir. After this, giue hir somewhat more than halfe a gorge of a yong pullet, or if ye can come by any Myce or Rats, nothing is better. But let hir not stand in the ayre or in the wynde, except the weather be fayre and warme. At night when she hath in∣dewed well, giue hir foure or fiue cloues of Mace broken, and lapped vp in a little cotton, or in the skynne of a Henne: and do so three or foure dayes, sauing the suppositorie or pellet afore∣sayde, for it will serue twice well ynough. And thus shall you skoure your hawke throughly. Looke well to it, that she cast not vp the cloues of Mace, for they be singular good for hawkes in all respectes, specially for all humors that surcharge their heades, and generally for all Filanders and wormes. And if you mynd to rid a Falcon cleane of the Cray, and of the sayde disease: giue hir meate steeped in Goates mylke, or in other mylke, and do so foure or fiue dayes together: for the sayde mylke is verie good a∣gainst the Cray. In the booke of the Prince, there is another re∣ceyt, for this disease of the Cray or stone. That is to wit: Take the gall of a Pigge of three weekes old, and conuey it into your hawkes beake, so as she maye take it and swallowe it downe whole without breaking, and take heede that she cast vp none of it againe. Afterwardes, giue hir a little piece of the Pigges fleshe, of the bignesse of a Beane, and let hir stande emptiepan∣neld vpon the same vntill night, setting hir in the Sunne or by the fire. This medicine is verie good for all byrdes of praye that are encombred with the Craye or Stone. Neuerthelesse, if a Gossehawke or a Sparrowhawke haue that disease (so it be not too sore) giue it hir nor more but once. But as for other hawkes that are of stronger mettel, ye maye giue it them thrice. And when euening is come, feede your hawke with a pullet, or with mutton, or with small birdes, and the nexte morning steepe hyr meate in Goates mylke, or womans mylke, feeding hir so three

dayes together with small gorges, and she shall be sounde. And if you will not or can not vse the sayde Receypt, ye may take a little oyle Olyf, and somewhat lesse Honnye, and wette your hawkes meate therewith, for it is good to helpe that disease. Some put the sayde things into a Hennes gut tyde fast at both endes, bycause a hawke will take it the better: and naturally she likes not oyle with hir meate.

Master Michelin sets downe another medicine which is this. Take Larde, marow of beefe, Suger clarified and once boyled, and Saffron in pouder, or eache a like quantitie, prouided that the Lard be first stieped in vineger four and twentie houres, and the water shifted three or foure times, and set abroad in the open ayre. Of the which things confected together, ye must make pylles of the bygnesse of a Beane, whereof you shall giue your hawke one or two, setting hir in the Sun or by the fire, and fee∣ding hir with poultrie or with mutton, allowing hir but reaso∣nable gorges, foure or fiue days together, & giuing hir Maces as afore: for they can not but do the hawke great pleasure in euery condition and part. Master Michelin teacheth another receipte for this disease, specially for Gossehawkes and Sparowhawkes, which I haue tryed ofte.

Cut a Sheepes hart in small pieces, and when ye haue let it lye stieping all night in Asses mylke, Gotes mylke, or womans mylke, put a little boylde Suger into the milke, and gorge your hawke reasonably therwith three days together. And assure your selfe, that this medicine is very excellent for the Cray, & without danger for all manner of hawkes. M. Martine sayth in auouch∣ment of this matter, that when a hawke cannot well mute with hir ease, it betokeneth & plainely sheweth that she hath the stone Cray. For remedy wherof, take the heart of a Hog, and a quan∣titie of his sewet minced very small, and make them into pouder togither, & giue it the hawke in hir meate three days successiuely.

Againe, I haue seene some take the white of an egge, or the whole egge, with a little Saffron in pouder, well coyled and beaten together, which being bestowed vpon the hawkes meate, hath cured hir.

Mallopin sets downe yet one other receit more. Put the iuice of (water Cressyes) in a Hennes gut of one inche long, tyed at both ends, and force your hawk to receiue it. Which done, set hir in the Sunne or by the fire, and feede hir not till noone, at which time giue hir but halfe a gorge of hote meate, bicause of the me∣dicine, which hath set al hir body out of temper. Let this he done two or three dayes, and if you find the medicine to haue scowred and takē much at the first of your hawke, giue hir lesse and lesse, and so shall she recouer. The booke of Princes setteth downe yet one other remedie for the same disease, that ye might put it in vre whiche soeuer liked you beste. Take a penny weight of Persley seede, as much of Smallage seede, a dramme of boylde Suger, a penny weight of Stauesaker, of Wheaten branne one dram, and halfe the shell of an egge. Put them altogether into a good large psnet full of water, and seethe it till it be consumed to the one halfe, and then streine it through a cloth. Then take of Cassia Fistula one dramme, and of Turbith one penny weight, of Hermodactils two pennye weight, and of Aloes Cicotrine three penny weight. Beate all these into fine pouder, & put them into the water, wherein the other mixture was boyled, and make thereof a Clyster in the bladder of a Pygge.

Then take a great quyll of a Goose or of some other byrde, and thereof make the necke of your Clysterbagge fast tyed to the bagge, that nothing maye issue out of it, and so giue your hawke the Clyster, as you haue seene it giuen to men at theyr neede. This done, set your hawke in the Sunne or by the fire, and keepe hir emptie till noone, at which time giue hir a pullets legge, and so she shall recouer no doubt.

For the disease called the Filanders which happen in the bodyes of Hawkes: and first of such as are in their gorge.

THe chiefe Falconers say, that all hawkes haue the Filanders at al times, & are neuer w^tout them, like as it is saide that no

horse is without the Bottes. There are foure kyndes of Filan∣ders, and one other kynde of Filanders, of which I will speake hereafter in their due places. And with all these sortes of Filan∣ders, some hawkes are more pestered than other some. The cause of them is eyther their feeding on grosse and foule meates, which ingender & increase those Filāders in them, or else for that infly∣ing either y^e field, or the riuer, they breake some smal veines with∣in their bodies, at the encounter, by seazing too violently vpon their praye. By reason whereof the bloud bursteth out into their bowels, and there dryeth and clottereth, whereof breede the sayd Filanders in great aboundance. Afterwarde by reason of the stinch of the sayde bloud so clottered and bakte, being corrupted and putrified in the bulke bycause it is out of the proper vessels and vaynes where it ought to be, the Filanders runne about see∣king the cleanest places of the bodie, to shunne the sayd noysyme stinche, and creepe vp either into the hawkes heart, or into hir gorge, so as she dyeth of it. Againe, some men saye, that their hawkes dye of the diseases of the heade, or of the Craye, when in deede they dye of the Filanders or (which is worsse) of the (Ai∣gnilles) a kinde of Filanders for whiche we want an englishe terme. I wil speake first of those Filanders that craule vp to the hawkes gorges, and from thence to the holes in their palates whereat the hawkes do breathe, and by them into their braynes, wherby they be in danger of death. Ye may perceiue this incon∣uenience in the gorge by this, that when you haue fedde your hawke, the Filanders feeling the sweetnesse and tast of the flesh, doe styrre and craule about in suche wise, as you shall see your hawke oftentimes gape. By reason wherof it commeth to passe that nowe and then she casteth hir gorge. Againe, ye may know by this, that your hawke will be strayning at them with hir ta∣lons. Therefore cast hir gently, and looke into hir throate, and you shall see them crawling there. To kill the sayde Filanders, master Amé Cassyan sayth thus: take a great Radysh roote, and make a hole in it, and fill it with water, and set it in embers ve∣rie hote, putting fresh embers to it continually by the space of halfe an houre or more, till it be throughly well boyled, and as

your water diminisheth, fill it alwayes vp againe, howebeit that the Radishe yeeldeth water ynough of his owne nature. Then put the Radishe into a dyshe, stampe it and presse out all the iuyce quite and cleane. This done, put the quantitie of a Peaze of Saffron made into pouder into the sayde water, and washe your hawkes meate therewith when yee feede hir, and giue hir but halfe a gorge. And if she will not feede on it, let hir be kept emptie, till she be verye greedie and eger: doe thus to hir three or foure dayes together, and you shall kyll the Filanders, and make your hawke sounde.

Of the Filanders that are in hawkes bowels, and in their reynes.

YE shall discerne that the Filanders are in hir bowelles and guttes, by hir heauie cheare and playnt in the nighte, for she will crye, and make a mournfull noyse. Also ye may perceyue it by this, that when ye take hir on your fist in the morning, she will stretch hir selfe more strongly than she is wont to do of or∣dinarie, and somtimes she wil make as though she would iouke vppon your si••te, and she will be busie with hir beake about hir backe right ouer againste hir raynes. When ye see these signes, assure your selfe that eyther the Filanders or the (Aigailles) doe trouble hir: and if she haue not helpe of them betimes, they will kill hir, for I haue seene many dye of that disease. Master Amé Cassian giueth this remedie for that mischiefe.

Take Lentilles, of the reddest that you can finde and parche them at the fire, and make fine pouder of them, with the pouder of Wormeseede, lesse by one halfe than of the pouder of Lentils, and mingle and temper them well together, and make thereof a playster, dryuen (vppon cloth or leather.) Then deplume your hawke in the place where hir griefe is, and lay the playster to hir panell, changing it euerie day, for foure or fiue dayes space to∣gether, and she shall be cured.

If ye like not that receipt, Master Michelin giueth you ano∣ther, which is this. Take the leaues of a Peach tree, of Rew, and

of Wormeseede, and of those thre being brayed together, streyne out the iuyce, and afterwarde take then pouder of Wormewood, and put it into the iuyce, and lay it vpon your hawkes reynes playsterwise twice a day, euening and morning, for foure or fiue days together, & it will kil the Filanders, and saue your hawke.

Master Amé Cassian telleth yet one remedie more. Take (saith he) a cloue of Garlyke pylled, and giue it your hawke in a hens skynne, and it will heale hir.

Of the Filanders or wormes that are in hawkes legges and thighes, whiche the Frenchmen call Vers.

THere is another manner of Filander called the (Vers) which commeth sometimes vpon hawkes that are lately taken, by setting them vpon a pearche vnhooded or vnse∣led, for they fall to beating of them selues with so great force, that they breake the veines of their legs. And this hapneth speci∣ally rather to Hagard hawkes, than to soare hawkes. By mea∣nes whereof the bloude of those veynes so broken, poureth and distilleth along their legs and pannels, betweene the skinne and the fleshe, and there lying in lumpes, doth conuert to wormes, whereof the hawke dieth. This disease may come also by hir ba∣ting ouermuch vpon the fiste, where through she bruseth hir selfe violently: and sometimes he that beareth hir furthereth it by his rashnesse & impaciencie. And ye may perceiue that y^e Filanders & wormes are in your hawkes legges or bowels, by this: They plume themselues oftentimes, yea, & the pendant feathers of their thighes and of their panels, fal off voluntarily. Master Mallopin sayth, that the remedie for this disease, is to washe your hawkes thighs & bellie twice a day, for foure or fiue dayes together, with the foresaid medicine of the leaues of the Peachtree, of Rew, & or wormeseede, and with the wormeseede it selfe.

For the disease called in french the (Aiguils) an e∣uill worse than the Filanders, for which I know no apt English terme, and therfore must borow the french terme of mine Author.

THere are found a kynd of Filanders which are called (Ai∣guilles) bycause they be sharpe like a needle, shorter and more perillous than are the great Filanders, for as much as in seeking the cleanest partes of the body, to shunne the stinch and filth, they pearce the bowels & creepe vp to the hart, so that your hawke pe∣risheth of them, if she be not regarded in time. Ye shall perceiue this disease by hir shrinking and snyting vpō the lure, as also by hir grasping with hir foote more strongly in the mornings than she was wont to do, & againe by the often picking & beaking in hir braile feathers, & neare hir tuell. M. Mallopin giueth this re∣medie folowing. Take Stauesaker beaten into pouder, the herbe of Barbarie, otherwise called in greek Pestora, & Aloes Citotrine, of each a like quantitie, coyled altogether into pouder, and giue your hawke the quantitie of a Beane thereof, lapped vp in some part of a Hennes skinne, or in cotton. Which done, set hir in the Sunne or by the fire, and at noone allowe hir but halfe a gorge. You maye giue hir of this pouder three or foure dayes, so she be not too lowe already: for if she be not somewhat highe in fleshe and in life, she will not be able to beare and brook it. And if this medicine cure hir not, take this that foloweth, which is of master Mallopins deuice also. Burne Harts horne well raked in the em∣bers, & when it is waxen cold, beate it into pouder. Then take y^e like quantitie of Lupins made into pouder, as ye had of y^e harts horne, & asmuch againe of the pouder of Wormseed, as of both y^e other, & halfe asmuch Aloes Cicotrine, as of the Harts horne, and half asmuch Tryacle as of Aloes. Mingle al these togither with Honny by litle & litle, & force it to that thicknesse, y^t ye may make balles of it to the bignesse of a nut, whereof ye shall giue your hawke euery day one, by the space of fiue or sixe days, allowing hir but half a gorge after it. And if your hawke cast it again, let it be lapped in a litle cottō or in a hens skin, y^t she feele not y^e bit∣ter tast of it. M. Amé Cassian giueth yet another remedy, which is the medicine made heretofore for the Filanders, that is to wit, Rew & Wormwood, of each alike, and asmuch of the Peachtree leaues, as of thē both, with a litle pouder of Wormseede infused in the iuyce of the said herbs. Then fill a Hennes gut of an inche long, therwith tied fast at both ends, and giue it to your hawke.

You maye vse any of all these at your owne discretion and pleasure.

When a hawke gapeth inordinatly vpon the fiste of hir keeper.

A Hawke will nowe and then sall to gaping, eyther vpon hir keepers fist, or vpon the pearche, and specially when she is set in the Sunne being somewhat hote. And this gaping maye be vnderstoode and construed two wayes. The one is w••en she doth it of hir owne nature, but that is not so ofte as the other which commeth by mischance, and that eyther of colde that she hath taken, or of some moyst humor that destilleth downe into hir gorge. Some are of opinion that the hawke which vseth it often, is diseased with the Filanders, which creepe vp and downe in hir gorge before she be fed, or after she hath indewed, as I haue declared in the chapter of Filanders of the gorge.

The remedie by Mayster Amé Cassians aduyce, is to take the pouder of Wormeseede and of Wormewoode, of eache a∣lyke, and one quarter lesse of Aloes Cicotrine, and of these three pouders mingled together, to gyue your hawke the mounte∣nance of a Beane in hir casting, lapped vp in a Hennes skyn, or in any such like deuice.

Of Apostumes that breede in Hawkes.

WHen a hawke hath any Apostume in hir bodye, ye shall knowe it by the stuffing of hir nares, and by hir inordi∣nate panting, whiche accident commeth sometymes by rushing rashely into bushes, or by bating too muche vppon the pearche, and moreouer by ouer free encounter with hir praye Nowe when she is so brused and chafed, and taketh colde vpon it, Apo∣stumes breede thereby, bycause the mischiefe is not knowne and looked vnto afore hande, Mallopin in his booke of the Prince gy∣ueth this remedie.

Take the white of an egge well beaten, and the iuyce of Cole∣wortes well broosed, as much of the one as of the other, and giue it your Hawke in the morning, in the small gut of a henne, and set hir by a fire, or in the Sunne, and at noone feed hir with mut∣ton, or with a Pullet. The next day take Rosemarie dryed, and beaten into fine powder, and bestowe it vpon hir meate reaso∣nably. For other three dayes giue hir Suger, and three dayes next after that, plie hir againe with hir sayde powder, letting hir stande warme day and night, and feeding hir with good meate: and the likelyhoode is great she shall be recouered.

Of a Hawke that hath hir Liuer inflamed.

THe inflamation of the Liuer happeneth sometymes through the negligence of such as haue the keeping of Hawkes. For they feede them with grosse and naughtie fleshe, such as is stale and stinking, without making of it cleane, by meanes whereof proceedeth the sayde inflamation of the Liuer. Also it happeneth for want of bathing when neede is, and for lacke of water, which they ought to haue, or with ouerfleeing of them, when they bee emptie panneld. Ye shall perceyue this disease by theyr feete: for they will be chafed, and the colour of their chappes will be chaunged, and looke whitishe through the heate of their Liuer. And if yee finde hir tongue scorched and scalded blacke, it is a signe of death. To remedie this mischiefe, make the medicine of Snayles steeped in Asses milk, or Gotes milke mentioned in the Chapters of the diseases of the heade, and of the stone: and giue your Hawkes of it three or foure days in the mornings. And if ye cannot get that medicine, ye may vse the other that is made of Lard, Marrow of beef, and of boyled Suger, with a little Saf∣fron, foure or fiue dayes togither euery morning, as is sayde be∣fore. For the scouring of hir will ridde and abate hir heate. And all that while for seuen or eight dayes, feede hir with poultrie, or with mutton, steeped in milke: for milke is verie good for the heate of the Liuer. And you must beware you feede hir not with

Pigeon, nor with other grosse fleshe, for breeding hir to inordi∣nate heate. Master Amé Cassian sayth yet further, that to allay the sayd heate in Hawkes, it is very good to steepe or wet theyr meate in Endiue, or Nightshade water: and likewise in white whey newly and lately made. And that this maner of feeding must be continued foure or fiue dayes, till the Hawke be well scoured. And that if the hawke haue a desire to bowze the sayde whey, ye must let hir take hir fill. Master Amé Cassian sayeth moreouer, that when your medicine hath scoured your hawke af∣ter the maner, and hir tongue is not aught in the better tune, ye must take oyle Olife washt in two or three waters, and bath hir tung & throte therwith with a feather, three or foure times in the day, for foure or fiue dayes togither, and gently scrape hir tung and throte with a deuise of siluer, or of other mettal for that pur∣pose. And although shee neither can feede nor will, yet shee must not be giuen ouer, but haue meat gently conueyed into hir gorge by small morsels, and thrust downe lowe ynough with a fine sticke, that she may take it: for she cannot swallowe hir meate by reason of the swelling of hir tung, and therefore she must bee assisted in maner aforesayde. Master Michelin sayth furthermore, that to comfort and strengthen the Liuer withall, ye must steepe Rubarb in a dishfull of colde water all night, and the next mor∣ning washe hir meate therewith, continuing so by the space of foure or fiue dayes togither.

Martin giueth yet one other medicine, which is this: Take a Pullets gut, thrice the length of your little finger, & cutting it in three peeces (which you must tye fast at eyther end) fill them with Oyle of Almonds, or oyle Olife, and thrust them into hir throte so as she swallow them one after another: and within an houre after gorge hir reasonably with a yong Pullet. And the next morning take the seedes of Rushes, and the scrapings of Iuorie, and the dung of Sparrowes, of eche two pennie weight, and make therof a powder, and season your Hawkes meat therwith, and it will pleasure hir. And these two medicines are to be vsed when a hawke is not very fowle within, for if she be, then are the other former medicines better.

Of the Canker which breedeth of ouer great heate in the Liuer.

IF a Canker happen in the throte or tongue of a Hawke, by meanes of the heate of the Liuer: Make hir the foresayde me∣dicine of Snayles, or that of Larde, as it is deuysed before, gyuing hir hir meate sowst in Mylke, or Oyle of sweete Al∣mondes, or Oyle Olife: and let the Canker bee washt twice or thrice a day, tyll it wexe whyte and rype. Then wyth your Instrument scrape it cleane awaye, that nothing of it re∣mayne. And if there happen to bee any deade fleshe in it, put powder of Alome, or the iuyce of Lymons in it, and plye it still with the sayde Milke or Oyles, till she bee throughly recu∣red. And to make newe flesh grow vp againe, put to it a little honie of Roses.

Of the Pantas of the gorge.

BYcause many menned speake of the disease of the Pantas dy∣uersely, and yet knowe not what it is: I will shewe three maner of Pantases wherewith Hawkes are diseased. The first in the gorge, the seconde commeth of colde, and the thirde is in the reynes and kidneys. The first kinde of Pantas commeth of ba∣ting vpon the perche, or vpon the fyst of him that beareth them, by meanes whereof some little veynes of the Liuer breake, and the bloud poureth out vppon the Liuer, which dryeth and clod∣deth into small flakes, and those rysing vp afterwarde when the Hawke bateth agayne, doe stoppe the passages and windepype, and thereof commeth the Pantas. And sometyme when the Hawke bateth, those flakes doe so ascende into hir throte, and lie ouerthwart it, that shee presently falleth downe deade: in∣somuche that some holde opinion it is the Pantas that maketh Hawkes to dye sodenly. For proofe whereof, open your hawke when shee is deade, and yee shall finde this maladie in hir throte. Maister Amé Cassian gyueth no medicine to thys Pantas in the gorge, bycause it cannot be ministred to hir,

neither by hir throte nor otherwise. For the disease holdeth hir in the verie windepipe, whereby the breath passeth in and out. Ne∣uerthelesse his counsell is to cloze vp the Hawke in some conue∣nient Chamber, with Lattis windowes, so as shee may not get out, and to set hir two or three perches, that shee may flee from one to another, and haue the Sunne shine in vpon hir if it be pos∣sible, and she must haue alwayes water by hir. And when yee feede hir, hir meate must be cut in small pellets, and haue ney∣ther feather nor bone in it, least she streyne hirselfe in tyring, and she must haue but halfe a gorge at once, and but once in a day. This is his counsell and aduice for this mischiefe.

Of an other Pantas that commeth of colde.

AN other Pantas commeth of colde when Hawkes take wet in fleeing the fielde, or the Riuer, and are not weathered af∣terwarde, nor set in a place where they may stande warme. A∣gaine this disease commeth by standing where smoke or dust may annoy them. And ye shall knowe the Pantas, by your Hawkes panting, for that shee cannot drawe hir breath as shee should do. Mallopin sayth that to remedie this disease, ye muste take the filings of yron, and meale of Lentils, of eche like quan∣titie, which you must temper togither with honie till it bee lyke paaste, that ye may make it in little balles as bigge as a peaze. Whereof you shall giue your Hawke two or three euery mor∣ning, and after noone feede hir with good meate, but not with beefe: which dyet you shall allowe hir three or foure dayes. And if she amende not, season hir meate with powder of Orpiment two or three dayes.

Master Michelin giueth this medicine following: Take Maydenheare, which groweth lightly at the heades of pondes and pittes, and therewithall the rootes of Persley, the rootes of Smallage. Of all these take like portions, and boyle them in a good bigge pot that is newe. Then streyne the water through a Colander, and put thereto a quantitie of clarified Suger, with a

little marrow of Beefe, and stirre them all togither, and thereof giue your Hawke a portion in the morning, and as much at E∣uen, with a small tunnel, or otherwise with a spoone or other fitte deuice foure or fiue dayes togither, and let hir not feede till noone be past, then giue hir of Pullettes fleshe without bloud, dipped in Oyle of sweete Almondes, or Oyle Olife washt in two or three waters: and when ye haue so sowst hir meate, let it also bee seasoned with a little Saffron and Suger. And foure or fiue dayes after, if neede be, giue hir on hir meate the powder of Or∣piment without Oyle other three or foure dayes. And afterward ye may returne againe to your oyle of Almondes, or oyle Olife, till your Hawke be throughly recured.

Of the Pantas that is in the reynes and kidneys.

IT happeneth sometymes that when a Hawke hath bene reco∣uered of some great greefe by good keeping and intendance, af∣terwarde she waxeth euill againe, and falleth to panting, wher∣of breedeth this disease of the reynes and kidneys, in maner of a Canker, as bigge as a beane, which swelleth bigger and bigger, in such wise, that shee falleth to casting some part of hir meate. This Pantas differeth muche from both the other: for it will leaue hir seuen or eight dayes, & then vexe hir again more strong∣ly. And somtymes it will take hir but from Moneth to Moneth, so as shee shall beare it oute a whole yeare. It is discerned by this, that when shee panteth, shee stirreth hir reynes more than hir Pinions, whereas in the other shee styrreth more hir Pini∣ons, than hir reynes. Againe to knowe it truely when it com∣meth and goeth euerie seuen or eight dayes, if your Hawke chaunce to die, rippe hir and you shall finde a knubbe of the big∣nesse of a small Beane full vpon the reynes and the small of hir backe, whereof that disease proceedeth.

Maister Cassian gyueth this remedie for it. Yee must take the rootes of Capers, of Fenell, of Smallage, and of Parsley, and boyle them togither in a newe Potte, to the consumption

of a thirde parte. Then take an olde Tyle, the older the bet∣ter, and make powder thereof. When you serue your Hawke, feede hir with fleshe stieped in the water of the sayde rootes, a quarter of an houre or thereaboutes aforehande. In the morning when ye giue hir of that washt meate, giue hir none of the pow∣der, and at night washe not hir meate with the sayde water, but besprinckle it with the powder, so competently as she maye receyue it, and giue hir not at any time aboue halfe a gorge: let this be done nine or tenne dayes, or more. If yee see that your Hawke amende not, continue it still: for then was the disease verie much confirmed, and the Hawke had borne it out long, and it is hard to bee cured. But if yee take the disease when it is newe and greene, plye hir diligently with this Medicine, and it will helpe hir.

Of the Hawke that is morfounded by some mischaunce.

* 1.5SOmetimes it falleth out that Hawkes are morfounded by some mischaunce, and sometimes also by giuing them to great a gorge, specially when they be wette. For then they cannot in∣dewe nor put ouer theyr gorges, and so they surfeyte, bycause their meate conuerteth into slyme, and grosse humours which o∣uerthrowe their appetite, by meanes whereof they come often∣tymes to theyr bane. Yee shall knowe the disease by this, that if yee giue your Hawke a great gorge, specially ouer night, the next morning she will haue no lyst to hir breakefast, but be∣commeth colde, and so falleth into great disease. Mallopin in his booke of the Prince, giueth this medicine for it. When yee perceyue hir to be so morfounded, and to haue lost hir appetite, giue hir no meate that day, but set water before hir, and let hir bowze or bathe at hir pleasure. When shee hath bathed and is weathered agayne, throwe hir a liue Pigeon, and let hir kill it, and take as much of the bloud of it as shee lysteth, but let hir not eate past one of the legges at that tyme. Afterwarde set hir downe on some high thing, with water by hir, and beware of gi∣uing

hir any great gorge. Then for foure or fiue dayes togy∣ther giue hir fiue or sixe cloues of Maces, lapped vp in a hennes skinne, and that will recouer hir.

Of the disease that is called the priuie and hidden euill in a Hawke, for vvhich vve haue no speciall terme.

SOmetymes Hawkes perishe for want of knowledge of some secrete disease that happeneth to them, and therefore I will tell you how you shall know it. The Hawke that hath that disease is alwayes greedie to feede, insomuch that when ye haue giuen hir a great gorge in the morning, shee will haue indewed it out of hande, and if ye giue hir another at Noone, shee will put it ouer by and by, and if yee giue hir the thirde at night, shee will dispatch that quickly also, and the more shee feedeth, the more greedie and nippie shee is. This disease commeth of this, that when your Hawke is verie poore and lowe in state, and you desi∣rous to set hir vp quickly, thinking to bring hir in good plight with great gorges, you feed hir with Pigeons and other fleshe, which she cannot indew, by reason of hir pouertie & weaknesse, for want of heate in the liuer: the heate whereof is the cause of all kindly digestiō & indewing. Also you may know this disease by hir often muting which is waterish & thin, & besides she doth slise further thā she is wot to do, by reason of spedy induing hir meat.

Maister Mallopin in his booke of the Prince, sayeth that for remedie of this disease, yee muste stiepe a sheepes heart cutte in small peeces all one night in Asses milke or Goates milke, and the next day giue your hawke a quarter of it in the morning for hir beaching, as much at noone, and the rest at night, forcing hir to receyue as much of the milke as ye can, and continue it fiue or six dayes togither, till yee see hir mute kindely. Then feede hir rea∣sonably with good meate, stieped in Oyle of sweete Almondes, continuing it for three or foure dayes space twice a day. And as ye find your Hawke to mend, so increase hir meales by little and little, till shee bee in as good plight as she was before, alwayes

continuing the sayde Mylke: for some are of opinion that milke is good for all diseases of a Hawke. Master Amé Cassian saith, that to remedie this disease, yee must take a Tortoys of the land, and not a water Tortoys, and stiepe the fleshe of it in womans milke, Asses milke, or Goates milke, and giue your Hawke a quantitie of it for a beaching three or foure tymes, and a little more at hir feeding tymes sixe or seuen dayes togither. After∣warde feede hir with sheepes heartes stieped in Womans milke, by little and little at once, till shee bee recouered: and let hir not stande in a dampishe or moyste place, but in warme pla∣ces in the Winter, and in coole places in Sommer, and al∣wayes hooded.

Of the disease and weaknesse in the reynes.

WHen your Hawke cannot iumpe the length of hir lynes and Criance to your fist, or from your fist vp to the perch, nor bate with hir wings: Ye may well thinke that she hath the disease of the reynes. Therefore maister Cassian willeth you to chop a Hares skinne haire and all in verie small and fine peeces, and to mingle it with Cattes fleshe, and to feede your Hawke with it seuen or eight dayes togither: and if shee indew it, shee shall recouer of hir disease.

Of Havvkes that haue the ague or feuer.

TO knowe whither your Hawke haue the Ague: Marke whe∣ther hir feete bee more swollen than they were woont to bee or no: if they bee, then hath shee the Ague. To remedie this mischiefe, Michelin sayeth, you muste mingle Arsenicke and Capons greace togyther well sprinckled with Vineger, where∣of you must make a little Ball, whiche you muste cause your Hawke to take by casting hir, and vse it in such wise as she may keepe it, and it will ridde the Ague.

Of the Havvke that voydeth vvormes.

IF a Hawke voyde Wormes, by maister Martins aduice yee muste make this Medicine following. Take of the fine fy∣lings of yron and strewe it vpon your Hawkes meate, which (if you doe well) must bee Porke: and feede hir so three or foure dayes wyth that kynde of flesh so seasoned, and it will cure hir.

Of the Teynte in a Hawkes feather, and hovve many kindes of it there be.

HItherto ye haue read of the inwarde diseases of Hawkes: Nowe I will tell you of the outwarde accidentes: and first will speake of the Teynte, whiche the Frenche Falconers call Taigne, the Italians, Zignuole and Tarmae, whereof there are three sortes. The first is when theyr principalles or long fea∣thers beginne to droppe off, by meanes whereof many Hawkes are marred and cast awaye, without knowledge howe to helpe it. Maister Amé Cassian sayeth, that this commeth somety∣mes of the Lyuer, and of the excessiue heate of the bodye, by meanes whereof small pymples ryse vppon theyr wings, or on their traynes, whiche afterwarde cause theyr feathers to droppe off, and when they are gone, the holes where they stoode doe cloze agayne, wherethrough the Hawke doeth perishe, if shee bee not remedyed. This disease is contagious, and one of them will take it of an other, and therefore yee muste not let the Hawke that is affected with it, stande neare a Hawke that is sounde, neyther must you touche or feede a sounde Hawke on the Gloue whereon a sicke Hawke hath beende fedde. And yee shall knowe that shee hath that disease, by hir often picking with hir beake vppon hir principall feathers of hir wings and trayne, and by theyr dropping awaye. Therefore cast your Hawke, and let hir bee well perused, and yee shall fynde the sayde disease. For remedie whereof, Maister Martin, and

Maister Cassian say, you must cast your Hawke, and when you haue sound the small pimple whence the feather dropt first, you muste get a little sticke of Firre, whiche is by nature gummie and fatte, make a little pegge of it, not sharpe at the foreende, nor thruste it in with violence, but softly as you may. And if ye can get none of that Woodde, then take a grayne of Bar∣lye, and cutte of the forepoynt of it, and annoynt it with a lit∣tle Triacle, or Oyle Olife, and conuey it into the hole, so as it may sticke a little out, and the hole not cloze togyther, and stoppe agayne. Then with a small Launce or Penknife you muste slitte the pimple, and let out the redde water which you shall finde there. After this take Aloes Cicotrine in powder, and put it into the gall of an Oxe, coyled in a dishe, and with those two mingled togyther, annoynt the slitte rounde aboute: and beware that there come nothing in the hole where the fea∣ther grewe, for it mighte doe the Hawke great harme. This done, take of the reddest Lentilles that you can come by, and lesse than halfe so muche of the fylings of yron, and mingle them togyther with Honie, and thereof make Pilles as bigge as a Peaze, and giue your Hawke two or three of them euerye Morning. Then set hir by a fyre, or in the Sunne, and after Noone giue hir a reasonable good gorge of a Pullet, or of Mutton, and if yee lyst yee maye giue hir of those Pilles towardes the Euening also. Let hir meate bee stieped in milke as is sayde heeretofore, fiue or sixe dayes togyther, and looke alwayes to the incysions that yee made, and shee shall bee recouered.

An other remedye Martin gyueth for the same disease. Annoynt the place wyth some good Bawlme where the fea∣thers fell awaye, and the Teynte will dye out of hande, and freshe feathers supplie the place agayne. And hee sayeth more∣ouer, that you muste take the powder of Petre of Alexandria whiche is solde at the Potecaryes, and mingle it with Vineger, and annoynt the diseased place with it three or foure tymes, and it will be whole.

The seconde kinde of Teynte whiche fretteth the principals

of a Hawke to the verie Quill, commeth (as the cheefe Falco∣ners affirme) of ill keeping, when they haue not their due in∣tendance, beeing neyther bathed nor scoured, nor kept in whole∣some places. And therefore we are forbid to keepe a Hawke in a sluttishe corner. Againe, sometymes both in the mew and out of the mewe it happeneth that by feeding them with filthie and lothsome fleshe, they become full of filth both within and with∣out, whereof breedeth suche a sort of Wormes, as doe vtterlye frette asunder and marre their feathers. The three chiefe Falco∣ners say, that for this seconde Teynt which fretteth the feathers of a Hawke, in sort that they become like stickes, yee must take vine shredds, and make therof as strong Lie as ye can, and wash your Hawke once a day with it throughly: and when she is weathe∣red againe, annoint all hir feathers with honie out of the combe. Then make powder of Sanguis Draconis, and Roch Alom verie small, and powder the foresaid Quils therwith, and your hawke shalbe recured. Or else take a Mole of that sort which breedeth in Medowes, and put hir in a new earthen pot well couered and stopped, and set it on the fire one whole day: which done, take hir out againe as she is, and make hir into powder very small. And when ye haue bathed your Hawkes feathers throughly with the sayd Lee, by and by bestrow hir feathers with the powder of the Mole a certaine time togither, and it will pleasure hir.

The thirde kind of Teynt is knowne in Hawkes by the ry∣uing of their principal feathers throughout alongst the vpper side of the webbe of them. And that happeneth commonly for want of cleane feeding, and due attendance. To remedie this, Mallo∣pin sayth, that ye must take a greene Reede, and cleaue it all a∣longst, and scrape oute the pithe of it, and wring oute of it as muche iuyce as yee can, wherewith you muste moysten the sayde ryuen feathers all alongest the ryftes of them, and they will close and shette againe as before. And if anye feather hap∣pen to be dropt awaye, let a tente made of Fyrre or of a grayne of Barlye as is sayde heeretofore bee put into the hole of it, and vse it after the foresayde manner, and a newe feather will growe againe out of hande. If this deuise to cause a feather

to growe againe be not to your liking, you shall in this collecti∣on finde such as may content you.

Martin giueth another Medicine and aduice for the same, which is this: Take twopennie weight of Orpiment, and nine graynes of Pepper, and make it into powder, and cast it vpon hir meate, which must be reasonable warme. Againe, take three slices of Bacon, of that which is nearest the skinne, and let them bee so smal as your hawke may swallow them with ease: sawce them with a little honie, and strew of the powder of the filings of yron vpon the honie, and giue your hawke thereof three dayes togither. After which time take a yong Chicken, and before yee boyle it in wine, broose the breast of it, and open it with a sharpe knife or other instrument, that the bloud may follow. Then feed hir with the sayd Pullets flesh warme, steeped in Goates milke, or other milke. Practise this two or three dayes, and after∣warde therevpon giue hir good warme meate, and shee shall recouer.

Of the Hawke that indeweth not, ne putteth ouer as she should doe.

IT falleth out sometimes that a Hawke cannot well indew nor put ouer hir meate as she should doe, and that is onely bycause she is foule within, or hath taken some surfeyt, or else that when she was low and poore, hir keeper being desirous to set hir vp a∣gaine to hashly, gaue hir to great gorges, which she by reason of hir weaknesse was not able to put ouer and indewe, where∣through shee surfetted and forwent hir appetite of feeding alto∣gither. For remedie hereof, Mallopin sayeth ye must feede hir with light meates, and little at once, as with yong Rattes and Mice, or with great Rattes, for there is more substaunce in them than in the other, whereof yee muste giue hir but halfe gorges, that shee maye the sooner indewe them, and put them ouer. Or else feede hir wyth Chicken, or Mutton dipped in Goates milke, or otherwyse. And for wante of those, take the yolke of an Egge, and giue hir a quarter of a gorge thereof,

and when ye feede hir with the flesh of any liue byrde or fowle, steepe it well in the bloud of the same fowle, and it will doe hir much good. So shall your Hawke mount of hir flesh apace: if besides that, you doe also scoure hir with pilles made of Larde, Marow of beefe, Suger, and Saffron three mornings togither, and two houres after giue hir a reasonable gorge.

Another receyt which master Michelin giueth, saying. When a Hawke indewes not hir meate, ne putteth it ouer as she ought to doe, but hath surfeyted and wanteth naturall heate: Take verie pure white wine, and steepe hir meate in it luke warme, gi∣uing it hir by little & little oft tymes in the day, alwayes chaun∣ging hir meate, and see that it be light of digestion. Doe thus to hir till she be in better tune againe, giuing hir fiue or sixe cloues of Maces in the Euening wrapped in a little cotton, or in some other such like deuice: for that will warme hir head, & all hir other partes verie well, and let the Cotton bee dipped in odoriferous olde wine.

Of the Hawke that can neither cast vp hir meate, nor endew it as she ought.

ANother mischiefe is wont somtymes to light vpon Hawkes, namely that by taking ouergreat gorges, they can neyther indewe nor cast it againe, and also that many tymes a Hawke soareth away with hir pray, and feedeth so greedily vpon it by reason she was kept ouereager and sharp, that she can neither get it vp nor downe, and thervpon falleth in danger of death. Wher∣fore all men ought to vse discretion in feeding their hawkes, that they ouergorge them not.

Master Cassian sayeth that for remedie thereof, ye must set cleane water in a vessell before your Hawke, and let hir bowze thereof at hir pleasure. And if she list not: then take the quan∣titie of a Beane of Porke, of the fattest of it, and two parts lesse of powder of Pepper, with a little salte brayed verie small, and when ye haue mingled them all togither, make a little ball of it

as bigge as a Beane, and put it in your Hawkes beake, so as she may receyue it. Then set hir by the fire, or in the Sunne, and you shall see hir cast hir gorge. But let not the Hawke be too poore, to whom you intende to allowe this pill, for if she bee too lowe, she will hardly beare it.

Another medicine to make hir cast hir gorge.

RUb the roofe of hir mouth with a litle Vineger and Pepper, and she will cast by and by. And if ye list, ye may also con∣uey two or three droppes of the same into hir nares, and it will make hir cast hir gorge out of hande. And if ye see that the Vi∣neger and Pepper do vexe and distemper hir to muche after the casting of hir gorge, spirt a little fresh water with your mouth into hir pallat and nares.

Of the Havvke that casteth hir gorge ouer much, and cannot indew as shee shoulde doe.

MAny tymes it commeth to passe that when a Hawke hath fedde, she cannot keepe hir meate but falleth to casting, as soone as shee hath receyued it. This commeth of feeding hir with grosse, foule, and vnholesome meate not washed: or else for that she is foule in the panell, and so cannot indew by reason of the great store of filth that is within hir. Therefore ye must be∣ware that ye cut not hir meate with a foule knife, or with a knife that hath cut Onions, Leeks, Chibbols, or such other like things. To remedie this inconuenience, giue not your Hawke greate gorges. And to bring hir well in tune againe, scoure hir with the forementioned pilles of Larde, Marrow, Suger, and Saf∣fron, by the space of three dayes. And aboue all things, let not the Hawke that hath cast hir gorge be fedde a good space after it, but let hir stande emptie in the Sunne with water before hir to bowse at hir pleasure, for that will doe hir muche good. And when yee feede hir, giue hir at the fyrst time but a quarter of a

gorge, and at the seconde somewhat more, if shee keepe the first: and hir meate must be some liue foule, and good of digesti∣on, till she be brought againe to hir naturall plight. But if shee keepe not all hir meate, giue hir yong Rattes, or liue Mice: and for want of those, giue hir small byrdes till she bee recouered. If these foresayde things boote not, then by Mallopins aduice, take Coriander seede beaten in powder, and temper it with warme water, streyning it through a cloth, wash your Hawkes meate therewith foure or fiue dayes togither, and if yee haue no Co∣riander seede, take the iuyce of Coriander. And if your Hawke mende not yet for all thys: Followe the counsell of Maister Michelins heere insuyng. Boyle Baye leaues in whyte Wine till halfe the lyquor be wasted, and then let it coole with the leaues still in it. Which done, force a Pigeon by deuice to bowse so much of the Wine that she may die of it. Then imme∣diately feede your Hawke with the same Pigeon, and let hir not eate more than a legge of it.

Of the Havvke that hath lost hir appetite and vvill not feed, to make hir eager vvithout bringing hir lovv.

A Hawke doth sometyme lose hir appetite of feeding by some misfortune, as by taking to greate gorges towardes Eue∣ning, whiche she can not well indewe, bycause the nyghtes are colder than the dayes. Also shee may lose hir appetyte by be∣ing foule in the pannell, and diuerse tymes by coldenesse, or by some other disease whiche can not bee perceyued out of hande. For remedye whereof, Maister Mallopin sayeth, yee muste take Aloes Cicotrine, boylde Suger, and marrowe of Beefe, of eche alyke, sauing that there muste bee least of the Aloes, and when yee haue mingled them togyther, and made them in little Balles or Pilles as bigge as Beanes, giue of them to youre Hawke, and holde hir in the Sunne tyll shee haue caste vppe the slyme and fylthe that is wythin hir. And if it happen to skoure downewarde, lette it not trouble you,

for it will doe hir much good: and feede hir not till noone, at which time giue hir good meate, and serue hir so three dayes to∣gyther.

For the same disease, Michelin sayth you must take common Pilles that are giuen to purge men withall, and giue one or two of them to your Hawke in the morning, keeping hir hooded by the fire, or in the Sunne, looking to hir that she cast them not, (if it may be) to the intent they may cause hir to scoure downward. And the booke of the Prince sayth that it is good giuing of those Pilles to Hawkes in the beginning of September. For if they haue the Filanders, or any other inward disease, it scoureth them, and riddeth them of all mischiefes that may ensewe. Three or foure dayes after you haue giuen your Hawke these Pilles, if she haue yet no lust to feede, cast the filings of yron vpon hir meate three or foure dayes togither.

Master Amé Cassiansayth, that for the same disease, when you perceyue it, you must giue your Hawke a liue Stockedone, allowing hir leaue to seaze and tire vpon it, and to take the bloud of it at hir pleasure. And for want of a Stockdone, small birdes are good, and so be Rattes and Mice, so she haue them aliue. And if you will haue hir to indewe them quickely, giue hir but halfe gorges.

When Hawkes are low brought, a remedie.

IT happeneth sometymes that Hawkes are brought so lowe, that a man shall haue much a doe to set them vp againe. And that commeth through the fault of vnskilfull keepers, rather than any other thing. For some giue them yll meate, colde and vn∣washed. Also Hawkes doe happen to growe poore by some dis∣ease that their keepers are not ware of. Againe sometymes it happeneth that a Hawke soares awaye, and is lost foure or fiue dayes, and so becommes poore for want of pray. Master Cassian sayth, that if ye will set hir vp againe, ye must feede hir a little at once and with good meate, such as Rattes and Mice are, for they

they be lyght of digestion, or else with small birdes, which are good likewise, and of great nourishment. Pultrie also is good, but it nourisheth not so muche of his owne nature, as Mut∣ton doth.

Againe ye may set hir vp, (when she is low) in this maner folowing. Take a spoonfull or twaine of honie, three or foure of fresh butter, boyle them togither in a new pot of water, thē take Porke wel washed, & stiepe it in that water, giuing your hawke a good reasonable gorge of it twice a daye, warming your sayde water when you intend to fede your hawke. And if ye cā find any Snailes that breede in rūning waters, giue hir of them in the morning, and they will bothe skowre away the grosse slimie humors that are in hir panell, and also be a great helpe to set hir vp againe, (for they nourishe very well.) And if ye mind to make your hawke eager, and sharpe set, without bating hir selfe, take the hart and liuer of a Pye, and when ye haue made it into powder, make your hawke to eate it, and it will sette hir sharpe and eager. These are the opinions of the Frenche Falconers. You are to consider of them all, and to vse the most probable at your election and pleasure.

Of a Hawke that hath no liste to flee, and is become vnlustie or slouthfull.

NOwe and then it happeneth, that a hawke hath no lyst too flee, eyther bicause she is in euill keeping, that is to witte, of suche as knowe not howe to gyue hir hir ryghtes: as bow∣zing, bathing, and suche other things, whereof sometymes shee hath greate neede: or bycause the hawke is too hyghe, and full of grease, wherethrough shee becommeth coye: or contrarywise, bycause shee is too lowe and poore: or else by reason of some mishappe or disease whiche shee hath, that is vnknowen.. Therefore Master Cassian sayeth, if a hawke be vnlustie to flee, shee muste be vewed and perused by some one of good skill, and haue suche remedies ministred to hir, as she

hath neede of, as well for bathing, as for bowzing: For in a∣ny wise water muste bee sette before hir. And if shee bee high and not well enseamed, hir meate must be throughly washed, that it may skowre hir the better. Or else if ye lyste, ye may gyue hir the foresayde medicine of Larde, Marrowe, and Saffron. And if yee perceyue your Hawke to be sicke, or dis∣eased, ye may vse the remedies sette downe heretofore, accor∣ding to the seuerall natures of the diseases, tyll your hawke be in good plyght againe, as she was before.

Of the Hawke that hath broken hir wing by some mischaunce.

IT happeneth somewhile, that a hawke breaketh hir wing by mischaunce, as by bating against the ground, or otherwise. Master Mallopin sayeth, that when a Hawke hath hir wing broken after that manner, yee muste take Sanguis draconis, Bo∣le Armoniacke, Gum Arabicke, white Franckincense, whiche is called Olibanum, Masticke, Aloes Cicotrine, of each of them a like quantitie, and a reasonable quantitie of fine meale flower. Make a powder of all the sayde things, tempering it with the white of an egge, and make thereof a playster, and laye it to the hurte, when yee haue firste sette it right agayne. Then crosse hir wings one ouer another, as thoughe they were not broken, and maile hir well and faste, so as she may not stirre them, and lette the meate that you giue hir, be cutte in small pellettes. Remooue not the plaister for seuen or eight dayes, and when yee laye on another, in any wyse beware that that wyng bee not remooued: For if it bee neuer so lit∣tle remooued or displaced, your laboure is loste, and your Hawke marred for euer.

Therefore keepe hir in that order by the space of .xiiij. or xv. dayes, setting hir vpon a very softe Cushion, and lette hir meate bee good, and newe killed, and giue hir meetely good

gorges of it, for shee needes not to be kept lowe, to recouer hir health the better.

Of a Havvke that hath had some blovve or stripe vpon hir vving.

SOmetymes a Hawke hathe a strype on hir wing by some mishappe, so as shee cannot afterwarde holde it ryght, but it hangeth alwayes downe, and lolleth: Master Casian say∣eth, that yee muste take Sage, Myntes, and Pelamountaine, and boyle them all togyther in a new earthen pot full of good wyne, and when they bee well sodden, take the potte, and set it vppon hotte imbers, as close stopped as maye bee. Then make a rounde hole of the bygnesse of an Apple, in the clothe that your potte is stopped withall, for the steame to issew out at. Whiche done, take your Hawke vpon your fiste, and holde out hir hurte wing handsomely a greate whyle ouer the hole, that it may take the fume whiche seameth vp out of the potte. Afterwarde, lette hir be well dryed by keeping hir warme by the fire, for if she should catche sodaine colde vpon it, it would becomme woorse than it was before. Vse hir thus twyce a∣daye, for three or foure dayes togyther, and shee shall bee recouered.

Of the Havvke that hath hir vving out of ioynte.

WHen a Hawkes wing is out of ioynte, yee muste take hir handsomely, and put it vp, so as ye may sette it in his ryght place agayne. Whiche done, laye a playster to it, made of Sanguis draconis, Boli Armeni, Masticke, and flower tempered togyther with the white of an egge, and maile hir vp, letting it lye by the space of fiue or sixe dayes, and it wyll bee whole.

Of a Havvke that hath hir pynion broken.

IF a Hawke chaunce to haue hir pinion broken by treading vpon hir, or by striking agaynst some thing, Master Mallo∣pin sayeth, that there is no better remedie, than the foresayde Receyte, made for hir wing broken: and that if neede be, shee must be mayled, that it may the better ioyne togither againe, and the playster renewed euery fiue dayes. Or else let the hurt be splented by and by, and bounde vp with conuenient deuises for the purpose, giuing hir hir meate cut in smal pellets, & lette hir continue maled, that she trouble not hirselfe with tyring.

Of the Havvke that hath hir legge or thyghe broken.

TAke Firre or Frankincense, pill of the barke of it, and beate it into powder, and mingle it with the white of an egge: & if ye can, put in also a little Sanguis draconis, & make a plaster of it. Then deplume your hawkes thygh, and lay the playster to the broken place, taking good heede that yee binde it not too straight, for feare of fluxe and repaire of accidents to y^e place, for so ye may do hir greate harme. And for want of Firre, or Franckincense, take the barke of an Oke: for Firre is not to bee had in many places. Afterwarde renewe your playster euery fiue or sixe dayes, till your Hawke be throughly whole, alwayes cutting hir meate to hir, as aforesayde, and keeping hir hooded. And if it bee broken beneath the thyghe, laye the same playster to it, taking good heede, that ye binde it not too harde: for in so dooyng yee maye make hir foote to wither a∣way, and mortifie the member, whiche is a very greate ne∣gligence. For hawkes are dayntie birdes, and dayntily to be dealte withall.

Of the Hawke that is wounded with a stripe, or some other misfortune.

IF a Hawke happe to bee wounded by an Eagle, or any o∣ther byrde of praye, by crabbing togyther, or by encounter in fleeing: or by a iobbe with the truncke of a Crane, Hea∣ron, or other water fowle: or by taking some greater blowe agaynste a tree or Rocke, whereby shee is greately payned, and in daunger to bee marred, if there bee not skyll to helpe hir with speede. By Master Amé Cassians aduise, take the iuyce of the herbe called Culuerfoote, otherwise named Herbe Roberte: and if yee finde your Hawkes strype to bee greate and blacke, and yet that it hath no greate gashe, you muste make incision, and slytte the skinne a little more by your dis∣cretion, that ye may the more easily conuey in the sayd iuyce. That done, laye a leafe of the same herbe vpon the wounde, to couer it, spreading the feathers handsomely againe ouer it, and lette it not bee remooued .xxiiij. houres after. And know yee, that the sayde herbe hath suche vertue, that what wounde soeuer you laye it on, it shall neuer swell nor ranckle. For wante of the herbe it selfe, take of the powder of it, and put it into the wounde, keeping it alwayes cleane, by washing it with a lyttle white wine, as is aforesayde. And if ye see that the iuyce or powder of that herbe doe no good, take the medicyne that Mallopin speaketh of. Take Oyle of Roses, and Capons greace, of eache a lyke quantitie, with a lyt∣tle lesse Oyle of Violets, and lesse of Turpentine by the one halfe, and confecte them all togyther. Then take Ma∣sticke and Franckincense in powder, of eache alyke: and if yee can finde the sayde herbe called Culuerfoote, drye it, and beate it into powder also: and when you haue serced your powders, putte them into the sayde Capons greace, and styrre them togyther with a stycke, tyll they bee throughly incorporated, and so shall your Vnguent bee perfecte. And the chiefe Falconers saye, you muste make handsome tentes

of Cotton, bestowing on them this vnguente, and so applie them to y^e wounded places of your hawke from time to time, tyll they be recured. And if the Hawkes skinne be muche bro∣ken or torne, yee must sowe it vp handsomely, leauing a little hole in one side for an issew, which you must keepe open with a tent noynted with the foresayd vnguente, till it be through∣ly whole.

Master Michelin setteth downe another medicine, say∣ing, that if a Hawke happen to haue a strype or a wounde, you muste plucke awaye the feathers rounde aboute the hurte place, and that if the wounde bee so deepe, as it can by no meanes bee stytched vp: ye muste put of the powder hereaf∣ter following, into it. Take Sanguis draconis, white Franckin∣cense, Aloes Cicotrine, and Masticke, and of those foure be∣ing all in like quantitie, make a fine powder, and laye it vpon the wounde, and afterwarde annoynt it rounde aboute with Oyle of Roses, or Oyle Olyue warme to comforte it. And if the wounde bee not so large, but that it may well be stytched: sowe it togither agayne, leauing a little hole for an issewe. Then make a playster with the whyte of an egge, and hauing firste annoynted it with the sayde Oyle, laye of the powder vppon the sore, and put a tente in it dypped in the sayde vnguente, to keepe the issewe, and laye your playster vpon it, dressing it after that manner styll, till your Hawke be sounde.

There is yet another medicine very good and auaylable, whiche is this. Take the powder of fine Canell, whiche is nothing else but Cinnamon, and put it in the wounde, sup∣ping it afterward with good Oyle of Roses, or Oyle Oliue.

Another medicine of master Cassians making.

TAke halfe an ownce of Masticke, a quarter of an ownce of Bole Armoniacke, halfe an ownce of Roses, an ownce of

Capons grease, an ownce of Oyle of Roses, an ownce of Oyle of Violets, and a quarter of an ownce of virgin waxe. Of all these, let the things that may be molten, bee molten to∣gither: and let those things that are to be beaten into powder, be beaten to fine powder. And when ye haue streyned all your liquors into a newe pot, put your powders into them, stirring them about w^t a sticke, till they be well incorporated togither, taking good heede that ye put not too much fire vnder your pot, and so shall your vnguent be perfect. Whiche you may vse in handsome pleggets for your hawke, tenting hir w^t smal tents dipped in the same vnguent, after the maner mentioned in the former receyte, till she be throughly recured.

And if your Hawke be hurte or broosed without any skinne broken, take the powder of Mummie, myngled with the bloud of a wood Culuer, or of a Pullet, and conuey it into hir throte, so as she may receyue it downe, and twoo or thre houres after, gyue hir a reasonable gorge of good meate. If the broose bee apparant, annoynt it with good oyle of Roses, and if nede re∣quire, for the largenesse or sorenesse of hir woundes, let hir bee mailed, as is afore sayde, for hir more quiete, and more spee∣dy recouerie.

Of the Hawke that hath swollen feete.

IT happeneth diuers times, that hawkes haue a swelling in their feete, & that commeth by chasing of their feete in fleeing their praye, & in striking it, & by taking cold vpon it, for want of rolling the perche with some warme clothe: or rise bicause they be full of grosse humors, and fowle within, whiche hu∣mors beeing remooued by their labour and trauell in fleeing, drop downe vpon their feete, and there swell, specially in Sa∣cres more thā in any others. For they be of their owne nature very heauie Hawkes, and haue grosse feete. Againe, it happe∣neth sometimes that a Hawke pricketh hir selfe vpon a thorne by russhing into bedges & bushes ouer ventrously, wherevpon

followe suche swellings as are daungerous, and harde to bee cured. Therefore Master Cassian sayeth, that when a hawke is in that taking, she muste be skowred three mornings togither with the pilles of Larde, Marowe, Suger, and Saffron, and sette in the Sunne, and fedde twoo dayes after with some good meate. Then must ye take Bole Armoniacke, & Sanguis draconis, lesse by one halfe, & make it in powder, & temper them wel to∣gither with the white of an egge, & Rose water, and annoynt hir feete with it three or four dayes twice aday, setting hir v∣pon some cloth to keepe hir feete warme. And if this medicine do hir no good, take this that followeth.

Mallopin sayeth, that if a hawkes feete be but swolne, & haue not any knubs in the ball of the foote, take a payre of Sizzers or coping yrons, & cope the talons of hir swolne foote, till the bloud folow which done, take Capons grease, oyle of Roses, & oyle of Violets, of eche alike, & twice asmuch of Bole Armo∣niack. Whē ye haue mingled thē all wel togither, make therof an vnguent, & anoynt your hawkes feete therwith twice aday til they be throghly whole, alwaies setting some soft & warm thing vnder hir fete. And if this do hir no good, then trie the re∣ceites aboue mentioned, till your hawke be throughly recured.

Of the swelling in the legges or thighes.

SOmetimes a hawke hath hir legges swollen, and sometime hir thighes, & not hir legges: & that cōmeth either by ouer∣laboring hir selfe in fleeing, or by ouermuch seazing hir praye, and by taking colde vpon it. Also by like labour and bating, the humors beeing styrred within hir, droppe downe to hir thyghes and legges, and thereof commeth this swelling.

* 1.6Wherefore firste let your hawke be skowred with y^e pilles made of Larde, Marow, Suger, & Saffron, then roste nyne or ten egges hard in their shells, & when they be cold agane, take the yolkes of them, & breake them with your hande in an yron possenet ouer y^e fire. Thē take an yron Ladle, and stirre them

handsomly without ceassing, and when yee see them become blacke that ye would thinke they were mard and burnt, boyle them still, which done, gather them togither and presse out the Oyle of them, then heate them againe as before to presse out as much Oyle of them as is possible, and put it vp in a glasse. And when ye mind to vse it for the sayd disease, ye muste take tenne droppes thereof, put thereto three droppes of vinegre, and three of Rose water, and mingle them well togither. Thys medicine is singular good against al swellings of their thighs, legges, and feete, and moreouer it suppleth and mollifyeth their finewes. But first ye must anoynt the swellings with a little Adiantum, and afterward with your Oyle prepared as aforesayd, till your Hawke be cured.

Of the svvelling in a Havvkes foote, vvhich vve tearme, the pin, or pin Goute.

DIuers times there rise vp knubbes vpō y^t feete of Hawkes, as vpon the feete of Capons, which some call Galles, and some Goutes. They come sometimes of the swelling of the legges and thighes, which I haue spoken of before, or of other diseases that breede of the abundaunce of humors within the Hawke, which must first be scowred with the last mentioned pilles three or foure dayes togither. And Master Amé Cassian sayth, that when a Hawke hath the sayd pinnes and gowti∣nesse in hir feete, ye must make round matches of paper as big as the agglet of a poynt, and seare or cauterise the pin rounde about. And if the knubbe sticke farre out, yee maye slit it ma∣ne••ly with a whot sharpe knife, and put a little slise of fatte Lard into the slit to keepe it open, and set your Hawke vpon a little heape of very fine salt. And if there growe any dead fiesh in it, lay the powder of glasse, and two parts of Hermoda∣ctils vpon it, and when the Sore is skowred, anoynte it with Swines greace, and hony togither, always laying salt vnder

hir feete to the end of your cure. And to remedy the same, Mal∣lopin in his Booke of the Prince sayth, that when a Hawke is gowty or hath the pin on hir feete, ye must take of Rew three ownces, of Barberies three ownces, of Colewort leaues three ownces, of Oyle of Violets a reasonable quantitie, of Tur∣pentine two ownces, of Sheepes sewet as much shall serue, of the fatte of a yong Pullet one ownce and a halfe, of Virgin waxe one ownce, of Masticke one ownce, of white Frankin∣cence one ownce, of Opopanax one ownce, and of Alome two ownces. First strayne out the iuyce of the sayde Herbes brayed togither, then put thereto all youre other mixtures made into powder. Which done, melt all your sewets togither in a new earthen potte, and put your iuyces and powders therevnto, stirring them continually with a sticke ouer a soft fire, and so cooling them by little and little, whereby your vnguent wyll become perfect, and you may keepe it two yeares good. And whē ye occupie it, spread it plaisterwise vpon lether, or linnen cloth, laying it vpon the pin Goute, remouing it each other day till it be whole, for xv. dayes togither. And if the pin open not of it selfe, slit it and open it with a little sharp launce of steele made whot, then clenze the filthie matter and quitture, and so shall your Hawke recouer assuredly.

Master Cassian setteth downe another good and wel tried receyte for the same, which is this: Take a quantitie of Tur∣pentine, halfe as much white Sope, making the Sope into powder. That done, make asshes of vineshreddes, and take therof somewhat lesse than of the powder of y^e Sope. Set these three mixtures togither vpon the coles in a new pot, and stirre them softly with a sticke till they be incorporate togither. Thē make plaisters thereof, and bestowe them on the pinnegoute, so as they may not fall off, nor be remoued by the Hawke, shif∣ting them euery two dayes till fifteene dayes be past, and that the disease growe to maturation. Afterward you may slit the pinne, drawing out all the matter and quitture cleane, but let your launce be somewhat hote wherewith you slit it, and if

the pin open of it selfe it is better. After this, you must ap∣plie another plaister of Diaculum magnum, whiche you shall find at the Apoticaries: for it is a great drawer, and if it haue any dead flesh in it, lay a little Verdegrece to it, for that is a corrosiue, and a fretter.

Martin sayeth, that to soften the pinne on the Hawkes foote and to make it growe to a head, yee muste take the rootes of Flower deluce, which beares the blewe leafe, drie it and beate it into powder, and make thereof a Salue with honie of Ro∣ses, and lay it to the pinne till it be throughly whole.

Master Cassian sayth further, that if your Hawkes feete bee chafed and fall to swelling, take the fyling of yron beaten into powder, to the mountenaunce of a beane or twayne, and the quantitie of a beane of a gad of steele fyled into powder, and twice as much of the barke of an Oke as of the fyling of yron, of which barke of the Oke, you must take away the vttermost part, and of the rest make fine powder, serced through a cloth. When yee haue mingled all these powders togither, boyle them in a new potte with a potle of good vineger, to the con∣sumption of a third part. Then let it settle, and put the cleerest of it alone by it selfe, and the groundes of it also by it selfe in a long narrow bagge, that the Hawke may rest both hir feete vpon it. And with the water ye may vse to bath hir feete euery day three or foure times aday. Likewise yee must wette and refresh the bagge with the same water, that the grounds may lie the closer vnder the feete of the Hawke, whych must stand vppon it night and day till she be recured. And truely thys is good for all manner of griefes and swellinges of the feete.

Martin is of opinion that you must take halfe an ownce of Aloes and the white of an egge, with halfe an ownce and two penny weighte of Glewe, mingle them all togi∣ther, and put them in presse, so as all maye bee residence, and make thereof a playster, and laye it to youre Hawkes

feete till there be some issue and vent, then anoynt them with soft Sope. And when there hapneth any rupture, take Salt∣peeter and Alome, of each two penny weight, making it into powder, bestowe it vpon the broken place to fret the dead flesh away, for this is a good corrosiue for that purpose.

Of the Havvke that eateth avvay hir ovvne feete.

THis inconuenience hapneth to Merlions in chiefe, aboue all other Hawkes, and to fewe or none else that I cā reade of. Master Cassian sayth it is a king of Formica which maketh them to eate their feete in that order. For remedie heereof, make youre Hawke a Coller of Paper to conuey about hir necke, so as she may not touch hir feete. Afterward take an Oxe gall, mingle it with a reasonable good quātitie of Aloes, and anoynt youre Hawkes feete therewith twice or thrice a∣day, foure or fiue dayes, and it shall doe hir pleasure, and pre∣serue hir from this euill. If that do hir not good, then by Ma∣ster Cassians aduice, take Swines dung, and putting it on a Tyle, set it to the fire or in an Ouen, bake it till ye may force it into powder. Whiche done, wash your Hawkes feete with the purest and strongest vinegre that ye can find, afterwarde bestow hir feete in the same powder, doing so twice or thrice aday for xiiij. or xv. days till she be throughly recured.

The maner of the taking vp of Havvkes veynes vvhen an humor droppeth dovvne too fast on their feete.

WHen yee intende to stoppe the veynes that feede ill hu∣mors in your Hawkes feete, let hir be hand somly cast, then away with hir pendant feathers. After that, force hir leg a little with your finger, and you shall see a good pretie bigge

veyne vnder the knee. Hauing found the vayne, take a needle and raise vp the skin a little, and make an issew at your dis∣cretion: but take good heede that ye touch not the veyne. That done, take the Clee of a Bitttor, or of some other bird whatso∣euer, wherewith do lift vppe the veyne, and drawe youre silke threede vnder the veyne vppon the Clee, and knit it on the side towards the leg to the kneeward: for if ye cut it towardes the thigh aboue the knot, ye spoyle your Hawke. Do no more to hir, but let it bleede as much as it will, remembring the nexte morning to anoynt it with Oyle, or Capons greace. And bee ye sure that the taking vp of veynes is good and nedefull. For afterward the humors powre not downe vppon their legges and feete. I thought good to set ye downe this maner of ta∣king vp of vaynes, bycause I haue vsed it my selfe, and reco∣uered many Hawkes thereby. For when a Hawke hath the veynes of eyther thigh once taken vp, the disease can no more returne, for want of the wonted supply of moyst humors, and crude matter that flowed vnto the place.

The maner of scowring, and vsing youre Hawkes when they are to be cast into the mewe.

WHen the time is come to cast Hawkes in the mewe, it is requisite and needefull to scowre them and to make them cleane. For diuers times we see, that fowle feeding of Hawkes in lewring and fleeing time, ingendreth the Filan∣ders and other diseases in them, whereof they perish for want of care and cure in due time. Wherefore Master Michelin sayth that when ye intend to cast your Hawke into the mewe, ye must make three pittes of the bignes of a beane, of the fore∣sayd mxture of Larde, Marowe, Suger, and Saffron, which you may giue hir three mornings togither, not feeding hir in two houres after, but suffring hir to gleame. Then giue hir

some good flesh and reasonable gorge, setting hir all the while at the fire, or in the Sunne. And for other three mornings af∣ter that, you must giue hir the mountenance of a beane of A∣loes Cicotrine when she hath cast, keeping hir likewise by the fire or in the Sunne, and she will cast the Aloes with grosse slime and filthy stuffe. Likewise, Aloes being giuen towardes night enwrapped in hir casting, is very good against the Filā∣ders. This done, and performed, as I haue tolde you, ye may cast hir into the mew.

Master Amé Cassian sayth that for the same purpose ye must conuey the quantitie of halfe a hazel nutte of Ierapigra into a hennes gutte, knitte fast at both ends, and force it into your Falcons throte, holding hir on the fist by the fire or in y^e Sun, till she haue skowred, and so keepe hir emptie and voyde till noone, at what time shee muste be allowed of some good hote meate a reasonable gorge: the next morrow feede hir well and after those two dayes cast hir into the mew without any moe ceremonies or circumstance.

Artelowch aduiseth you, that the mewing of a Hawke na∣turally, with yong Rattes, Mice, Dogges flesh, Pigeons, Rabbets, and other holesome fowles, is farre better, than to vse any arte in the matter, or suche superstitious practises, as you may perhaps reade some, and heare of many. Truely I am of his opinion, and so doe perswade you, that will mewe youre Hawkes in good order: for haste in that case, maketh waste, as in all other things.

The best thing that you may do, when you meane to caste hir into the mew, is first, to skowre hir well, after that manner that I haue shewed you in this booke, to cope hir well, and to set hir vp in flesh before you cast hir into the mew, to discharge hir of al disease as neare as you can, to rid hir of mites & lice, being once in the mew, to set hir water sometimes, to feede hir with liquide and laxatiue meates now and then, and to o∣mit none of those instructions, which I haue collected for you out of the Italian Falconers: for they are very good obserua∣tions,

specially for soare Hawkes, and Nyasses.

But in the French man Artelowch, I finde one necessarye note for a Haggart, which is this.

The Haggart (saith he) is not to be cast loose into the mew, but to be mewed on the fiste, for otherwise she woulde become too coye and strange, and if she fall to bating and beating hir selfe for heate, then must you hood hir vp, or bespowte hir with colde water, the nexte way to make hir leaue bating. Thus must you continue hir on the fiste, till she begin to shed hir fea∣thers, then shall it bee good to set hir downe, and tie hir to a stone, or pearch, as you do the rest. And after she hath mewed, and commes to flee, then if you let hir stand on a blocke, or bil∣let, cased and rolled with cloth, you shall do very well.

Goshawkes, Tiercels, & Sparowhawkes, must be mewed as Falcons, saue that they wil not be borne on the fiste, but be at libertie in the mewe, and very clenly serued.

Before you draw your Hawke out of the mewe, fifteene or twenty dayes, you must begin to bate hir of hir diet, the sooner and better to enseame hir, by restraint of hir ful feeding, which she had before, for otherwise, there woulde followe surfet and repletion, than which there is no more daungerous euill.

It is no slender part of skill, so to vse a Hawke in the mew, as she may bee quitte of all mishappes, that befall hir in the mewe, if she bee not well attended and regarded, during the time she is in the mew.

The maner hovv to deale so vvith a Havvke in the mevv, as she may auoyde the mis∣chaunces of the mevv, vvhich sun∣dry times do happen, as vvell diseases, as other harmes.

IT hapneth diuers tymes that when Hawkes are in the mewe, some doe mewe well and some ill, so as some of

their owne nature, and some by mishap, do fall to be diseased, or otherwise breake their feathers, and cast them not all the yeere long. As touching this matter, Master Mallopin in hys booke of the Prince, sayth: that when youre Hawke meweth not well and kindly: go in May to a slaughter house where Sheepe are killed, and take the kernelles that are vnder theyr eares right against the end of the iawebone, of the bignesse of an Almond. Choppe ten or twelue of those kernelles very small and giue them to your Hawke with hir meate, finding the meanes, by some way or other, that she may receyue them and put them ouer. And when shee once beginnes to cast hir feathers giue hir no more of them.

Another vvay.

WHen ye meene to further the mewing of your Hawke, take of the Snayles that haue shelles, stampe them shelles and all, strayning them through a cloth, and with the Oyle that comes thereof wash hir meate two or three tymes. Also take of the Snayles that lie in running streames, gyue your Hawke of them in the morning: for that wil both scowre hir and nourish hir greatly, and setteth hir vp, and maketh hir to mewe apace. Master Michelin, in his Booke of the King of Cypres, sayth thus: Cut an adder in two partes and seeth him in water, and with that water and wheate togither fede your Pullets, Pigeons, Turtles, and other birds which you intende to allow your Hawkes that are slacke to mewe, and soone af∣ter they shall mewe their feathers apace.

Master Cassian sayth, that when a Falcon will not mewe, ye must take of Backes, otherwise called Reremice, and drie them so at the fire or in an Ouen, as yee may make them into powder, which you must bestow vpon your Hawkes meate. Also take little sucking whelpes, and feede your Hawke with the flesh of them, steeped in the milke or renet, whiche you shall find in the mawes of them: afterward shred the mawe it selfe

in small peeces, and force hir to take it, and she shall mew ve∣ry well, and timely. Likewise all maner of liue birds make a Hawke to mew well, for it is their naturall feeding, and ther∣fore best for them.

Martin sayth, that to mew your Hawke well, ye must sette water by hir once or twice a weeke, and also rost Frogges in the fire, making them into powder, and bestowing it vpon hir meate. Likewise small fishes chopped, and giuen with hir meate do further a Hawkes mewing very much. Thus do the french Authors write, I leaue them to youre experience, that lyste to follow the french fashion.

The maner of dieting and keeping Hawkes in the mewe.

WHen ye intend to cast your Hawke into the mew, yee must see the mew very cleane, then furnish your hawke with all hir implements, setting hir two or three times in the Sunne, taking good heede that hir furniture of hir legges bee not so streight, and vneasye, as she be driuen to be euer tearing at it. Also you must cast hir into the mew high, lustie, and in good plight, well skowred, and fed with good hote flesh. Again ye must now and then giue hir small fishes, specially to Gos∣hawkes, Sparowhawkes, and all other roūdwinged hawkes, bycause those fishes be (as my Author tearmeth them,) laxa∣tiue, and good to skowre, setting them water twice or thrice a week. For now and then they will bowze, by meanes whereof they discharge their bodies of humors, and also their bathing in it maketh them the better penned and the firmer. Yong Rattes, Mice, and Swallowes, are very good feeding for a Hawke, for they bee nourishing meates, and will keepe the Hawke in good plight. Therefore let your Hawke be mewed in a place that is cleane, handsome, and well kepte, for she wil reioyce, and delight greatly in it. Thus haue yee the manner of mewing your Hawke, after the opinion of the French.

The maner of drawing Hawkes out of the mewe.

WHen ye drawe your Hawkes out of the mewe, yee had neede to take heede that they bee not soo greasy: for sometimes when they be so, and set vppon the fiste vnhooded, they so take on, and heate themselues with bating, that they breake their greace within them, putting themselues in great daunger of death. Wherefore my counsell is, that all mewed Hawkes should be well attended and fed with washt meate, foureteene or fifteene dayes before they bee drawen out of the mewe, to breede resolution of glitte, and grosse matter, whydx is in their panels, whereof they shall skowre the most parte by doing as is aforesaid, and so shall ye quit them of all danger.

Mallopin speaking heereof in his booke of the Prince, sayth, that if a Hawke be huge and greasy, when she is new drawē, a man must not beare hir vnhooded. For yee may well vnder∣stand, that if she feele the sunne, the aire, or the wind, she light∣ly falleth to bating and stirring, by meanes whereof she hea∣teth hirselfe inordinately, and so runnes in daunger of deathe and spoyle by taking cold vpon it. Wherevpon the Petifal∣coners and Nouices, which know not what it meaneth, saye that the Hawke perisheth by meane of hir mewing and tho∣rough default. And therefore when a Hawke is to be drawen out of the mewe, she must be well attended, and lookte too, that hir meate be washt, and regard had that she be not ouergor∣ged. And if happely she loze hir appetite and list to feede, take Aloes Cicotrine, and the iuyce of Barberies, and force hir to receyue it in the gut of a Hen. Which done, hold hir vpō your fiste vntill she haue skowred, keeping hir emptie till noone: At which time giue hir some hote meate or bird, and the next day giue hir of a Hen, setting hir water to bathe: and assure youre selfe that this medicine is good against all wormes, and Fi∣landers that may breede in the body of a Hawke.

Mallopin sayth that whē ye draw a Hawke out of the mew,

ye must wash hir meate, feeding hir therwith by little & little, and allow hir such flesh as is laxatiue, that shee may haue the lesse ioy to keepe it long, or stand vpon it, and to the end she be not proude or ouerhaught of hir drawing out of y^e mew. And therewithall shee must be dayly plyed and borne on the fiste. Within few dayes after she is thus drawen, ye must skowre hir and ensayme hir with the foresayd medicine of Lard, Su∣ger, Maree, and Saffron, with a very little Aloes: for if ye cō∣fect it with too much Aloes, ye shall bring hir ouerlowe. Ther∣fore giue hir of it euery day a pill, for three dayes togither: and therevpon set hir in the Sunne or by the fire, keeping hir emp∣tie two or three houres after, then giue hir a reasonable gorge of a Pullet or of mutton.

Master Cassian sayth that some Falconers, after they haue ensaymed their hawkes in maner aforesaid, three or four days before they intend to flee, do giue them a pill of the bignesse of a beane, made in maner following. They vse to take a little Larde, with the powder of Pepper, and asshes fifted and ser∣ced, of each alike much, and make therof a ball, & conuey it into the hawkes beake, so as they inforce hir to take it down, if she wil not otherwise. Which done, they hold hir hooded by y^e fire or in y^e Sunne, making hir to keepe the pill as long as they can, & afterward do let hir cast it at hir pleasure. By this meane yee shall set y^t she wil cast grosse and flegmaticke humors, wherby hir panell and bowels will be discharged of much glit, and she become sound and cheereful, and ready to flee hir pray. And an houre or twayne after this, they feede hir with a liue chicken: for ye must note, that the pill which she hath receyued, hath di∣stempered hir very much. Neuerthelesse I must giue you war∣ning, that you must not so deale with a poore and low hawke, as ye would with a hawke that is high and in pride. In doing after this maner, your Hawke shall be lustie, and enioy hir all the yeare after. For hardly shal y^t hawke do hir parte in fleeing that yeare, whiche is not well skowred, & carefully ensaymed.

VVhen Aloes is to be giuen to Hawkes that are fleeing.

MAny are of opinion that when Hawkes are fleeing, they must haue Aloes Cicotrine giuen them from mooneth to mooneth, conueying the quantitie of a beane thereof into their meate, or into a Hennes skinne, to take away the bitternesse thereof, that they may keepe it as long as may be, before they cast it, then setting them al the while by a fire or in the Sunne, til they haue cast the slimie and grosse humors with the Aloes. And if ye minde to keepe your Hawke from the wormes and the Filanders, giue hir the mountenaunce of a peaze of Aloes euery eyght dayes in hir casting. Againe, ye must remember, that whensoeuer you perceyue youre Hawke waxe anye thing cold, to giue hir fiue or sixe cloues of maces, and they will skowre hir head of all watrie humors: moreouer beeing giuen at euening in a little cotton as yee giue the Aloes, they be very good and auaylable against all maner of Filanders.

Of the Hawke that hath hir talons broken.

A Hawke doth sometimes breake a talon by some mischance, and often by the rudenesse and churlishnesse of the Falco∣ner in vnseazing hir roughly from hir pray, in somuch that hir talon taryeth behind in the thing that she seazed on, and som∣times is quite broken or sliued from the flesh, by reason where∣of she is in daunger of spoyle, or at leastwise of lozing hir ta∣lon. When a Hawkes talon is so sliued off, as ther remaineth nothing but the tender part that was within it: make a little pretie lether gloue of the bignesse of hir stretcher or clea, and fil it with Capons greace and drawe it on, tying it handsomly to hir leg with two pretie strings, renuing it euery other day till the poynt of hir stretcher be well hardned againe.

And if a Hawke happen to haue but a peece of hir talon

broken off, so as some part of it remayneth still behind, let it be anoynted with the fatte of a Snake, and it will growe a∣gaine as the others. And if the Hawke be hurt by violence, so as the talon is become looce from the flesh, and falles to blee∣ding: then first of all cast the powder of Sanguis draconis vppon it, and it will staunch the bloud out of hand: and if it swell or rancle after it, then dresse it & anointe it with Capons greace or honie of Roses till it be throughly recured.

In these hurts of Hawkes talons, Martine giueth this coū∣sell following. Make little matches of paper and sere therwith the stretcher that hath lost his talon, and bind the cindre of the same paper with a little honnie to it, and let it so rest nyne dayes togither. And if the talon be quite bereft, put on the foresayd gloue with Capons greace, till the pownce be gro∣wen againe, and lette the Hawke rest till shee bee throughly sound. And if the Hawkes foote or leg chaunce to rancle, and growe to further inconuenience, confect the vnguent of Ca∣pons greace, Oyle of Roses, Oyle of Violets, Turpentine, powder of Frankinsence, and Mastik, and anoint the swelling therwith, and let hir rest till she be throughly recured.

Of the Hawke that layes an egge in the mewe, or out of the mewe.

SOmetimes Hawkes are with egge in the mewe, and efte without the mewe, whereby they fall sicke and are in greate daunger if there be not remedie had for it: whiche thing you shall easly perceiue by them in May and April, at which times they are wont to be with egge. To remedie this inconueni∣ence, let the Hawkes meate be washed in the vrine of a man∣child of sixe or seauen yeares old, eight or nine dayes togither, and that will keepe hir from laying. But if the egges be al∣ready full fashioned within hir, then to breake and dispatche them, yee muste (as Master Martin sayeth,) giue hir the yolkes

of a couple of egges reere rosted with butter, twice or thrice a weeke: and that muste bee done during the mooneths of May and Aprill. For besides that it will breake and wast away the egges within a Hawke, it is good also to set them vp when they be lowe in state, howbeit you must remember that when∣soeuer yee minister this medicine, yee muste giue them fleshe withall, for it is of great nourishment.

Againe, Mallopin sayth that to breake egges in a Hawke, ye must take of the liquor that bleedeth or oozeth out of vynes in March, when they be cut, and with that liquor wash youre Hawkes meate nine or tenne dayes, and the egges will con∣sume & waste away by y^t meanes, how greate soeuer they bee.

The maner of taking Hawkes in the Eyree.

FIrst you must beware that you take them not before they are somewhat woxen: for if ye do so, and bring them into a cold and moist place, they will haue a disease in the backe, so as they shall not be able to stand on their feete, and moreouer they shall be in daunger of vtter spoyle. Therefore they muste not be taken, till they be somewhat strong, and can stand well on their feete. And you must set them vppon some pearche or bayle of wood, that they maye by that meanes the better keepe their feathers vnbroken, and eschue the dragging of theire traines vppon the ground, for so shall they bee the better sun∣ned. Michelin sayth further, that to keepe Eyesse Hawkes from that inconuenience, specially when they bee taken ouer little, they must be kept in a drie and cleane place, & yee must strewe euery where vnder them the herbe, that in (Frenche is called Yeble) which hath a seede like Elder. This herbe is of nature whot, and good against the goute, and the disease of the reines which might befall them: Wherefore if ye will keepe Hawkes well that are new taken from out of the nest, if ye take them in

the morning, yee must let them stand emptie till noone: and if ye take them in the euening, yee muste not feede them till the next morrowe. And when yee feede them, giue them tender flesh, and after that, lette them not stand emptie any more too long for hindering their feathers, and tainting them.

Of Hawkes that haue lice, mites or other vermine.

IF ye will knowe whether your Hawkes haue lice, or mites, set hir in the warme Sunne out of the winde, and by and by ye shall easyly perceyue it: for they will crall out vpon hir feathers and swarme there. For remedie hereof take a quan∣titie of Orpinent beaten into very fine powder, and hauing mingled it with halfe asmuch powder of Pepper, lette youre Hawke be cast handsomly, that shee breake not hir feathers, then powder first the one wing and so the other gently, and finally all the whole carkasse of hir: after which, set hir vppon your fiste againe, bespoute hir, and squirt a little water on hir with your mouth, and set hir by a fire, or in the Sunne, till she be throughly wetherd. Afterward when ye intend to feede hir, wash hir beake to take away the sauor of the Orpiment, and beware that your Hawke be not poore, when you intende to vse Orpiment. Hauing thus done, you shall see that all the mites and lice will discouer them selues vpon hir feathers and die, eyther the Orpimēt alone, or the Pepper alone are as good as both of them togither to spoyle the mites. But here is the oddes, the Pepper maketh the mites to shewe themselues, and then the Orpiment murdreth them. When yee vse the Pepper alone, put thereto a thirde part lesse of Asshes, to abate the force of the Pepper, and so shall your Hawke be ridde of those vermine. And assure your self y^t no hawke which hath y^e mites (be she neuer so good) is able to do hir duetie & play hir parte, by reason of y^e anoyāce which she feeleth in hir feathers by thē.

And if ye would rid hir of the mites without washing hir, thē my Author bids you take a very old Mauis or Blacke bird, & hauing takē out al the greace that ye can find in hir, anoynt your Hawkes feete and the pearch whereon ye set hir there∣with, for all the Vermine will repaire downe to it: and ther∣fore shift hir out of hir place twice or thrice in the nighte, that she may be no more troubled therewith.

Of the Hawke that holdeth not hir wings vp so well as she should do, but lolleth them.

IF a Hawke that is newly taken, be set straightwayes vpon a pearch or vppon the fiste of one that hath no skill to vse hir, she ouerheates hir selfe with bating, and afterward catcheth suche colde vpon it, as shee cannot recouer or trusse hir wings close to hir againe, nor be able to flee well. Mallopin sayth, that to remedie this mischiefe, you must take of y^e best vineger that is to be gotten, & with your mouth spirt it vpon, and betwixte hir feathers, till she be throughly wet, taking good heede that none of it come in hir nares, and afterward set hir by the fire or in the Sunne, seruing hir so two or three dayes togither. And if she recouer, doe nothing else to hir, but if shee recouer not, let hir bathe, eyther of pleasure or of force, and shee wyll trusse vp hir wings to hir, by meane of striuing with hir selfe. Then let hir be set very warme by a fire or in the Sunne: for if she should chill vppon it, shee woulde become worse than before.

Of the Crampgout.

MArtin sayth, yee shall discerne the Crampgout by your Hawkes holding of hir one foote vpon the other, and by hir often knibbing and sobbing of hir foote with hir beake. For remedie whereof ye must cast hir handsomly and let hir bloud on the veyne that is betweene the foote and the legge, and af∣terward anoynt the veyne with Capons greace or with Oyle of Roses.

To keepe a Hawke from all manner of Goutes, the Frenche mans opinion is this.

BY Martins aduise, if yee doubte that your hawke shall haue the Goute, you must feare hir and cauterize hir, as hereaf∣ter followeth. Take a small yron with a rounde button at the ende, as bygge as a Peaze, heate it redde hotte, and feare hir therewith, first aboue the eyes, then vpon the toppe of hir head, and thirdly vpon the balles of hir feete. And this violent kind of dealing with hir, is the next and assuredst waye to do good in suche desperate diseases, if any helpe be to bee had. But my Italian Author Sforzino, giueth ouer a hawke that is troubled with the Goute, and thinketh there is small credit to bee got∣ten by the cure, bicause of the impossibilitie.

For the byting of avenemous beaste or woorme.

IF your Hawke be bitten or stung of a venemous beaste, or woorme, make hir to receyue a little Tryacle, and powder of Pepper, and afterward feede hir with hotte meate two dayes: and beware that she touche no water for twentie daies after. Or else burne a Frogge, and beate hir into powder, and put thereof vpon Cattes fleshe, and gyue it your Hawke.

These are straunge remedies and rare, and of the Frenche deuise. Giue your iudgement of them, and by tryall you shall knowe what they will do. I finde them in my Authour, and therefore do sette them downe, and not for any experience I haue had of them.

For the wound or byting of any beaste.

IF your hawke be hurt by any mischaunce, and the mouth of the wounde very small, ryppe it larger, and skowre it with white wyne, laying theron a playster of white Frankincense, and Masticke, and annoynte it rounde aboute with butter, Oyle of Roses or Oyle Olyue.

Notes

• * 1.1

  Stauesaker is called Filā∣der, bycause it loues a man, and wil cliue to him like the burre.
• * 1.2

  Arondell in Frenche, is Hirundo, a Swallowe, o∣therwise cal∣led Chelidon.
• * 1.3

  Here is lefte out the man∣ner of cau∣terizing a hawkes nares▪ bicause the Italian hath set it downe.
• * 1.4

  Escorcer in French, is to rippe off the rinde or skin of any thing, of which word this disease seemeth to be deryued.
• * 1.5

  Morfound is the Frenche worde which doth signifie on English the taking of colde.
• * 1.6

  How to make oyle of egges.