The historie of foure-footed beastes Describing the true and liuely figure of euery beast, with a discourse of their seuerall names, conditions, kindes, vertues (both naturall and medicinall) countries of their breed, their loue and hate to mankinde, and the wonderfull worke of God in their creation, preseruation, and destruction. Necessary for all diuines and students, because the story of euery beast is amplified with narrations out of Scriptures, fathers, phylosophers, physitians, and poets: wherein are declared diuers hyerogliphicks, emblems, epigrams, and other good histories, collected out of all the volumes of Conradus Gesner, and all other writers to this present day. By Edward Topsell.

OF THE GOAT Male and Female.

THe male or great Goat-Bucke, is called in Haebrew Atud, and the lesser Seir, and Zeir. The Chaldee translateth it Gen, 13. Teias-i••ij and Numb. 15, Ize, the Arabians Te∣us and Maez: the Persians Asteban and Busan; the Graeci∣an, Tragos, of deuouring or rauening in meat, according to the verse:

Tragus ab Edendo quod grana fracta pane. [ 20]

Also Chimaron and Enarchan: the Latines Hircus, and som∣time Caper, which word properly signifieth a gelded-goat, as Martiall vseth it in this verse:

Dum iugulas hircum factus es ipse Caper.

The Italians Beccho, the Germaines Bock, and for distinction sake, Geissbocke, and Reech¦bock; and Booeck, the Spaniards Cabron, the French Bouc, the Illyrians Kozell.

The reason of the Latine word Hircus, is deriued of Hirtus (signifying rough) by rea∣son of the roughnes of their bodies. And it is further to be vnderstoode that the generall kind of goats (which the Latines distinguish by Hircus, Capra, and Hoedus) that is, by their sex, or by their age: the Haebrewes cal them singularly Ez, and plurally Izim, Numb. 15 [ 30] for a goat of a yeare old, you shall read Izbethsch neth. The Chaldee vseth also the general word Oza, the Arabian Schaah, the Persian Buz, and whereas Leuit, 16, Seir is put for Ca∣per a gelded goate, there the Chaldee rendereth it Zephirah, the Arabians Atud, and the Persian Buzgalaie. And in the same chapter you shal read Azazel, which Dauid Kimhi ren∣dereth for the name of a mountaine nere Sinai, where goats vse to feede and lodge: and the Septuagints translate it Apopompaion, signifying emission or sending away, and for this cause I suppose, that when the scape-goa•• was by the priest sent out of the Temple, hee went to that mountaine, and therefore the word Azazel seemeth to be compounded of Ez, a goat, & Azal Iuit, that is, he went; for the scape-goat went & carried away the euil.

The Graecians cal the female goat Aix, which seemeth to be deriued of Ez the Haebrew [ 40] word. The Arabians Dakh and Metaham, as I find in Autcen, the Saracens An se, the Itali∣ans, Peccho, changing, B. from the male into P. and the Spaniards Capron, the French Che∣ure or Chieure, the Germaines Geiss, the Illyrians Koza, and the Tuscanes at this day call a female goat (Zebei.) And this may suffice for the names of both male and female.

Their nature is to be declared seuerally, except in those thinges wherein they agree without difference, and first of all: the male is rightly termed Dux & maritus Caprarum the guide and husband of the females, and therefore Virgill saith of him not improperly, Vir gregis ipse Caper. The hee••goat is the husband of the flock: and except in his genitals and horns he differeth not in any proportion or substance from the female. His hornes are longer and stronger then are the females, and therefore vpon prouocation he striketh [ 50] through an ordinary peece of armor or shield at one blow: his force and the sharpenes of his hornes are so preg••able. He hath many attributes among the learned, as left-sided, a∣ged, greedy, bearded, swift, long legged, horne-bearer, captaine of the flocke, heauy, rough, hoarse-voiced, rugged, vnarmed, vncleane, strong-smelling, lecherous, bristle••, wanderer, vile, wanton, sharpe, stinking, two-horned, and such like: whereby his nature and qualities are so deciphered as it needeth no long treatise of explication.

There is no beast that is more prone and giuen to lust then is a Goate, for he ioyneth in copulation before all other beastes. Seuen daies after it is yeaned and kiddened, it be∣ginneth and yealdeth seede, although without proofe. And seuen monthes old it engen∣dereth to procreation, and for this cause that it beginneth so soone, it endeth at 5. yeares, and after that time is reckoned vnable to accomplish that worke of nature. When the E∣gyptians wil describe fecundity or ability of generation, they do it by picturing of a male Goate.

That which is most strange and horrible among other beastes is ordinary and common among these, for in them scarce the Brother ioyneth with the Sister, and a Camell can [ 10] neuer he brought to couer his dam: but among these the young ones being males, couer their mothers, euen while they sucke hir milke. If they be fat, they are lesse venerous then being macilent or leane. Herodotus declareth that in his time a Goat of Mendesia in Egypt, had carnal copulation with a woman in the open sight of men, and afterward was led about to be seene. When they desire copulation they haue a proper voyce wherewithall (as it seemeth) they prouoke the female to loue. This is called in Italy Biccari, & Biccarie, which the Venetians apply to al lecherous companions as commonly as a prouerb, and this they neuer vse but at that time. By reason of his lust his eies sink deepe into the corners of their holes (called Eirqui) and Apuleius with other Grammarians do deriue the word Hircus wher∣by this beast is called, from that disposition.

[ 20] By drinking salt water they are made desirous and apt to procreation. At that time they fight mutually one with another for their females, and it is a terme among the late writers, to call those men Hirci-Goats which are contented to permit other men to lye with their Wiues in publique, before their owne faces for gaine, because they imagine that such is the property of Goates. But I know not with what reason they are moued heereunto, for there is a memorable story to the contrary.

In Sibaris there was a young manne called Crathis, which being not able to retaine lust, but forsaken of God and giuen ouer to a reprobate sence, committed buggery with a female Goate, the which thing the maister Goate beheld and looked vpon, and dissem∣bled, concealing his mind and iealousie for the pollution of his female. Afterward finding the said young man a sleepe, (for he was a shepherd) he made all his force vpon him, and [ 30] with his hornes dashed out the buggerers braines. The man being founde dead on this manner, and the Goat which he had rauished deliuered of a monster, hauing a mans face and a Goates legs, they called it Siluanus, and placed it in the rank of idoll Gods, but the wretched man himselfe was buried with more honor then beseemed, for they gaue him a Noble funerall, and finding a riuer in Achaia which mingled water with another, they cal∣led it Crathis, after the name of that vnnatural and beastly monster; wherupon also came the Italian Crathis which Strabo remembreth. By which story it is euident, that iealous riuality resteth as wel in Goats as in men of more reasonable capacity and vnderstanding.

The females desire of copulation is no lesse then the males, for while they suck they ad∣mit the male, and at the seuenth month they conceiue. The best time of their admission to procreation [ 40] is about the end of Autumne (according to Columella his opinion.) They are not filled the first day of copulation, but the second, or third, and those which are ioyned in Nouember doe bring forth their young in the spring when all thinges grow fresh and greene: wherefore if they chance to be slack, and not willing to engender or couple, their keepers vse this sleight or pollicy, to procure and stir vp their lust. They rub their vdders with Nettles vntil they constrain blood, & afterward with a handful of salt and nitre, or else with pepper or Myrrhe; after which rubbing, their desire of copulation much increaseth, and it maketh the female to prouoke the male and vndergo him more willingly; and this thing also procureth in them aboundance of milke (as Aristotle affirmeth) he had seene tryed by making experiment thereof vpon the brests of Women, virgins, and widdowes: [ 50] And generally all the keepers of Cattell doe heerewith rubbe their genitals, for the furthering and prouoking in them carnall copulation, with the things aforesaid.

They being filled and with young, they carry them in their belly fiue monthes before deliuerance. After three yeares olde the female ceaseth to retaine in her selfe or confer to her Kids the strength of nature, and the male after foure, so that it is not a part of good

[illustration]

husbandry to keepe their young which they bring forth after those years, but rather to kill them and make them away; So also it is not good to keepe their firstinges, or those which are first of all engendered, but rather the second or 3. seed of procreation. Some of them bring forth twins, and some more, as it is reported of the Goates of Egypt, which bring forth fiue at a time, because they drinke of the fruitfull riuer of Nilus: for the Goat-heards of the country do giue thereof to their cattle, and fetch it into all parts of that region, and in Illeria they breed twice a yeare, bringing forth sometime three, foure, or fiue at once, but 3. at a time are neuer to be kept, but killed & eaten, for they are accounted not worth their bringing vp; onely cold maketh them to suffer abortementes, and sometimes they [ 10] bring forth monsters like to other cattle (for al little beasts are more apt to engender mon∣sters then the greater.)

Concerning the time that they beare yong, it is in Italy 8. years, and being fat they are not apt to conceiue, wherefore they make them leane before they admit them to their bucks. One male is sufficient for ten femals, and som (saith Varro) prouide but one for 15. (as Menas,) and other but one for 20. (as Murus.) Ther is no creatur that smelleth so strong¦ly as doth a male Goat, by reason of his immoderate lust, and in imitation of them the la∣tines call men which haue strong breaths (Hircosi) Coatish: whereupon Plautus saiteh to an old lecherous fellow which could not keepe his lips from slauering of women,

Cum sis iam aetatis plenus, anima foetida Senex hircole tu osculere mulierem.

[ 20] And therefore Tiberius Caesar who was such a filthy and greasie-smelling old man, was cal∣led (Hircus Vetolus) an olde Goate, in the Atellanican comaedie. They coniecture of men that haue hairy legs to be vnchast and full of lust, by reason of their similitude with a goat, and those which haue shril and clamorous voice, the Grecians cal (Margoi) that is (Block-heads.) Those which haue eies like to goats they call Aegopoi Goat-eies, that is very red eies. The Egyptians affirm that their femal goats when Sirius the star in the beginning of dog-daies riseth with the sun, do continually looke vpon the east, and that their attentiue obseruation is a most certaine argument of the reuolution, that is the appearance and de∣parture of the said dog-daies. The like things do the Libians report of their Goates con∣cerning that star, and moreouer that they foresee and foreshew chaunge of weather, for [ 30] they depart from their stables, and run wantonly abroad before showers, and afterwarde hauing well fed of their owne accord returne to their folds againe.

Concerning the description of their seuerall parts, it is good to follow the direction of Cossinius, first to looke to their age (as is before said) if men desire to prouide Goates for heard-breed and profit, so as their Kids may be like them, and they beare young or conti∣nue procreation eight yeare•• at the least. And for their outward parts, let them be firme, great, well compacted, full of muscles, and the superficies of their whole body be soft and equall, without bunches or indentures: therefore a thicke haire, two dugges hanging vn∣der their snout or chin, are good signes of the best Goats.

[ 40] There are two kinds of Goates, one horned, & of this sort the long-sharp-horned, beasts, with broad foreheades, are the most approued, and by the circles of their hornes their age is discerned: But the vnhorned are best for breed, procreation, and milke, and such are the Caspian Goats, which are for the most part white, flat nosed, and little of growth. Their eies are very deepe in their heads, and therefore their sight sharp, strong, and con∣tinuall seeing bright and cleare in the night, but the colour of their eyes variable, like to the colour of their bodyes; The males haue moe teeth then the females, for the females want their vpper teeth: But males and femals haue large beards vnder their chins, & this is called Aruncus, (saith Eryngus) but the reasow heereof is, because that when a Goat is ta∣ken by the beard and drawne out of the fold, all the residue stand amazed, and so also when any of them hath eatan Sea-holly (cald Eryngium:) so that Aristotle confoundeth Eryngi∣um for Aruncum and so taketh one for another. Once in Lemnos there was a Male-goate [ 50] which had so much milk wrung out of his papes growing betwixt his legs, that therewith a Calfe by licking it receiued the beestings, but afterward the male Kid begotten by the same Goate had the like vdders, whereat the owner being much amazed, because it was a prodigious thing, for his satisfaction asked counsell at the Oracle, from whom he recei∣ued

[illustration]

[ 10] [ 20] [ 30] [ 40] [ 50] this answer, that it betokened nothing but plentifull encrease of his cattle. The fe∣males haue two vdders vnder their loines next to the smal of their belly, except the Libian Goates and their vdders lye vnder their breast or forepart of their belly, like an Apes. In Naxus the Goates haue greater gals then in any other part of the world, and the forepart is held prodigious: on the contrary; in Chalcis the Goates haue no gall at all. They haue many bellies and a round melt which thing no other horned-beast hath except a sheepe. The males haue harsher haires then their females, and the Libian Goates haue haire as long as womens, and very rough curled, which the inhabitants sheare of euery year, and therewith the ship-wrights make gable ropes: but in Cilicia and Phrygia, they sheare them

and make the stuffe called Zambelot: and another kind of cloth called Mathaliaze. In Ara∣bia they make tents of cloth compiled of Asses and goates haire, and it seemeth that Cili∣cia receiued his name of this kind of cloth, which is called in Latine Cilicium, or else that this cloth was first inuented among them, wherevpon it receiued that denomination; but among the Grammarians and Poets, Lana Caprina, (Goates wooll) grew to a prouerbe, to signifie a thing of no weight or moment, as it is in Horace:

Alter rixatur de lana saepe caprina propugnat nugis armatus.

There are another sort of Goates which are called Syrian Goates, and of some Mambrin Goates, and most commonly Indian Goates; because they are most noble in that coun∣try, [ 10] and that in Coytha; and likewise in the Region of Damiata, for Mambre is a Mountaine neere Hebron, from whence it is probable, that the word Mambrin commeth; wherefore I haue thought good to expresse the figure both of the greatest of that kind, as it was taken by Antonius Musa Brasaualus, Physitian to the Noble Duke Hercules de este, at Ferraria, by one of these Goates brought thither to be seene.

[illustration]

[ 20] [ 30] [ 40]

THese lesser were found

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pictured in an old ma∣nuscript in Germany, which booke did in∣treate of the holy land. The greater Goate I coniecture to be the same which Leo Afer calleth Adi∣main, and is founde in Mauritania, [ 50] being as tall as an Asse, and hath very long broad eares pendant, and vnder them next to their neckes two thinges like dugges or pappes, which hange downe from their throate, and these are most fruitefull in milke, and with these the Libians plowe, and keepe them in stead of Kie and other Cattle,

for they milke them, and of their milke make Butter and Cheese; their haire is very short, & they very gentle and familiar, so that the saide Leo affirmeth, that when he was a young man, and loued those rash and wanton sports wherewithall youth are delighted, hee gotte vp vpon one of these, and rode quietly vpon the back of it aboue a quarter of a mile. They keepe being wilde in the deserts of Lybia, and if at time they stray or wander into Nymidia, and the fieldes thereof, it is accounted by the people and inhabitauntes, a prodigious and monstrous thing.

The lesser kind I coniecture to be the right Mambrine or Syrian Goat, although some of the late writers call it an Indian Goat, the reason is, because (as hath been said) they cal al strange beasts by the names of Indians, if they find them not in their owne countrey. The [ 10] eares of it are large and broad, as the picture describeth, and such eares haue the Goates of Gallia-Narbon, being at the least as broade as a mans spanne, they are of colour like wilde-Goates, their hornes verye sharpe, and standing not farre distant one from the other, and haue stones like a stone horse, being in al other parts not vnlike to the vulgar and common Goat.

Some curious heardsmen (as Alcmaeon and Archelaus) haue deliuered to the world, that goats take breath thorough their eares, and Phyles approueth their concept, because hee had scene an experiment of a Goat, that his mouth and nostrilles being stopped fast, neuer∣thelesse he seemed not to be troubled for want of breath: and for this also is alleadged the authority of Oppianus, who writeth of certaine wilde goats called (Aegari,) that they haue [ 20] a certaine hole or passage in the middle of their heade, betwixt the hornes, which goeth di∣rectly vnto the liuer, and the same stopped with liquid Waxe, suffocateth or stifleth the beast.

If this be true (as I woulde not any way extenuate the authority of the writer) then it is very likely that some haue (without difference) attributed to all kinds of Goats that which was propper to this kinde alone, for the former opinion is not reasonable: Neuerthelesse•• leaue euery man to his owne liberty of beleeuing or refusing.

There is no beast that heareth so perfectly and so sure as a Goat, for he is not only holp in this sence with his eares, but also hath the organ of hearing in part of his throate, where∣fore when the Egyptians describe a man which hath an excellent eare, they expresse him [ 30] by a goat. There are some kind of goates in Illyria which haue whole hooues like a horse, and these are onely founde in that Region: In all other Nations of the worlde, they are clouen-footed.

The vse of their seueral parts is singular, and firste of al to beginne with their skinne, the people of Sardinia (as saith Nymphiderus) nourish goates for their skinnes, whereof they make 〈◊〉〈◊〉 garments, being dressed with the haire vpon them, and they affirme strange vir∣tue in them▪ namely that they heat their bodies in the Winter, and coole them in the sum∣mer, and the haires growing vppon those skinnes are a cubit long, therefore the man that weareth them in Winter time, turneth the hary side next to his bodie, and so is warmed by it: and in Summer, the raw side, and so the haire keepeth the sunne from piercing his skin [ 40] and violence of heat: And this also is vsuall in Sueuia, where the women weare garments of Goats haire in the winter, and also make their childrens coats thereof, according to Virgils saying in Moreto,

Et cinctus villosae tegmine Caprae.

For this cause the Merchants buy them rough in those parts of Sauoy neer Geneua, and their choyse is, of the young ones which die naturally, or are kild, or els such as were not aboue 2. years old. The Tirians in the Persian war, wore vpon their backes goat-skins. In auncient time they made hereof Diphtera, that was a kind of parchment, wheron they wrote on both sides, and had the name in Greeke from that vse: which Hermolaus by a metaphorical allu∣sion, (called Opistographi.) From the vse of these in garments, came the apellation of harlots [ 50] to be cald Pellices, and a whores bag was called Penula-Scortea, such a one is vsed by pilgrims which go to visit the church of Saint Iames of Calec, and such Carriers or foote-poastes had wont to vse in their iournies, which caused Martiall to write thus:

Ingrediare viam coelo licet vs{que} sereno An subitas nusquam scortea depit aquas.

The Sandals which men were wont to weare on their feete in the East Countries, were also made of Goats skins, and there was a custome in Athens, that men for honour of Bac∣chus, did dance vpon certain bottels made of Goats skins, and ful of wind, the which were placed in the middest of the Theatre, and the dauncer was to vse but one Leg, to the in∣tent that he might often fall from the slippery bottels, and make the people sport; where∣vnto Virgill alluded this saying:

Mollibus in pratis vnctos saliere pro vtres.

There is also a Ladanum tree in Carmania, by the cutting of the barke whereof there yssu∣eth forth a certaine gumme, which they take and preserue in a Goats skin; their vse in war [ 10] wherein the Souldiers were wont to lie all winter, and therefore we read that Claudius the Emperour had giuen him thirty tents of Goats skinnes for his Souldiers attendant vpon the iudges: and the Marriners also by these defended themselues from the violence of stormes vpon the sea: and so I leaue this part of the beast with remembrance of that which is written in holy scripture Heb. 11. that the people of God in ancient times did fly away from the rage of persecution, being apparelled or rather meanely disguised in goat skins, being charitably holped by the beastes, that were cruelly put to death by wretched men.

In the next place the milke of Goats commeth to be considered for that also hath bin, is, and wil be of great account for Butter and Cheese, which the writers call Tyropoeia, and [ 20] Virgill celebrateth the singular commendation both of the Woll and of the milke in these verses;

Haec quoque non cura nobis leuiore tuenda Nec minor vsus erit quamuis Milesia magno Vellera mutentur Tyrios incocta rubores Deusior hinc soboles hinc largi copia lactis Quo magis exhausto spumauerit vbere mulctra Laeta magis pressis manabunt flumina manonis Nec minus interca barbas, incanaque menta Cyniphij tondent hirei setasque comantes [ 30] Vsus in Castrorum: & miseris velamina nautis.

Therfore their milk is profitable for Butter, although inferior to a Cows, yet equall to a sheepes, and the heardsmen giue their goats salt before they be deliuered of their young, for this maketh them abound in milke Others with Goats milke preserue their Wine from corruption by sowrenes; first they put into their wine the twentyeth part so much as is of the Wine, and so let it stand in the same vessell couered three or foure daies, after∣ward they turne it into a sweet and fresh vessell, and so it remaineth preserued from all an∣noyance of sourenesse.

Cheeses made of Goats milke were wont to be called Velabrenses Casei, because among the Romans they were made at Velabrum, and that with smoke, whereupon Martial made this [ 40] Distichon;

Non quemcunque focum nec fumum caseus omnem Sed velabrensem qui bibit: ipse sapit.

Aristotle and Iulius Pollux doe commend the Sicilian Cheese, which was made of sheepe and Goats milke together, and by Athaeneus it is called (Caseus Tromilicus) and by Simoni∣des Stromilius. In Rhaetia of Heluetia there are excellent Cheeses made of Goates milke and cow-mile mixed together. The milke also of a Goat mixed to a womans milke is best for the nourishment of man, because it is not too fat, yet Galen saith if it be eaten without Hony, water, and salt, it curdleth in the belly of a man like a cheese and strangleth him; and [ 50] being so vsed it purgeth the belly: from thence came the fiction of the Poets, that Iupiter was noursed by a Goate, and that afterward in his warre against the Titanes or Giants, he slew that Goate by the counsell of Themis and wore her skin for an armour, and so hauing, obtained victory placed the Goate among the stars, wherupon she was called Aixourania, a heauenly Goate, and so Germanicus Caesar made this verse vpon him, and Iupiter him∣selfe was called Agiochus:

—Illa putatur Nutrix esse Iouis si vere Iupiter infans Vbera Cretae mulssit fidissima Caprae Sydere quae claro gratum testatur alumnum

The flesh of male Goats is not wholsome for mans body, but the flesh of a female in the spring and fall of the leafe, by reason of the good nourishment may be eaten without dan∣ger. They are worse then bul-beefe, because they are sharper in concoction and hotter, wherefore if they disgest not well, they increase melancholy. The liuer of a Goat being eaten, doth bring the falling sicknesse, yet being salted a good space, and then sodde with [ 10] Vine braunches or other such broad leaues, to keepe them asunder, and some wine pou∣red into the water when they are almost sod, they become very sweet and delicate meate; and therefore the Athenians praised the Lacedemonians, that in their feast which they cal∣led Copidae, they slew a Goat; and held it for a deuine meat.

Also Clitomachus an Academicke of Carthage, relateth of a certaine Thebane Champion, which excelled in strength all the Champions of his time, and that he did eat continually Goats flesh, for it is very strong and remaineth a long season in the body, & doth much good being disgested, notwithstanding the strong and ranke smell thereof, otherwise it is dangerous as is already said, therefore Fiera hauing commended the Kydd, when hee commeth to speake of the Goat, he writeth thus:

Cum male olet siccat, fit iam caper improbus, absit [ 20] Et Cadat ante focos victima Bacche tuos.

But Pliny affirmeth, that if a male Goat eate Barley-bread or Parsneps washed, the same day that he is killed, then there is no poison in his flesh: the stones of a Bucke-goat, resist concoction, and beget euil humors in the body: wherefore such a banket is cald in Greek (Tragos Hulibertas) for Goats after their copulation, haue an euil flesh, not fat, but dry, and the remedy to make their flesh sweeter, is to geld the male when he is young and ten∣der, for so his temperature is amended by a cold and moist constitution.

The inhabitants of Portugall eat Goats flesh, and account it delicate meat; especially such as dwell in the mountaines. In Germany they make of it a kind of meat which is cal∣led Klobvvsst, and is prepared on this manner: they take a Goats Hart newly taken out of [ 30] his bodie, and slit it into small peeces, and break six Egs vpon it, and the crums of white bread, seasoned with spices and Saffron, and so put into a bagge, and sod or roasted: af∣terward they are serued vpon the table, and strewed ouer with kitchen suger.

The guts being salted are called (Hilla) which the French stuffe like pudinges, and call them (Saulcisses) from whence commeth our English sawsadge; of this sewet and fatte of Goats are the best candles made, because it is hard and not ouer liquyd. The bloode of a Goat hath an vnspeakable propertie, for it scoureth rustie yron better then a file, it also softneth an Adamant stone, and that which no fire is able to melt; nor yron to break, be∣ing of such an inuincible nature, that it contemneth al violent things, yet is it dissolued by the warme blood of a Goat. The Load-stone draweth iron, and the same being rubbed [ 40] with garlicke, dieth and looseth that propertie, but being dipped againe in goats blood, reuiueth and recouereth the former nature.

Osthanes, prescribeth for a remedy of loue, the vrine of a Goate to be mingled with Spicknard, and so drunk by him which is ouercome with that passion, assuring him there∣by that they shall fal in as great lothing as euer before they wer in louing. With the hoofs of a Goat they driue away Serpentes, and also with the haires by burning and perfuming them in the place where the Serpents lodge. With the hornes of goats they make Bowes, for in Delos there was dedicated the horn of a Goat, which was two cubits long and a span▪ and heereat ought no man to wonder, for that noble bow of Pandarus which Homer com∣mendeth, [ 50] was made of a horne of a female Goat.

Affricanus declareth, that in auncient time they made fruitful their Vine-yards by this meanes: they tooke three hornes of a female goat, and buried them in the earth with their points or tops downeward, to the root of the Vine stocks, leauing the hollow tops, stan∣ding a little out of the ground, and so when the raine descended, it filled the hornes, and soked to the roote of the Vine, perswading themselues thereby that they receiued no

small aduantage in their Grapes. The gaul of a Female-goat put into a vessel and set in the carth, is said by Albertus to haue a naturall power in it to draw Goates vnto it, as though they receiued great commodity thereby. Likewise, if you would haue white haires to grow in any part of a Horse; shaue off the haire and annoint the place with the gall of a Goat, so shall you haue your desire. The Sabcans, by reason of the continuall vse of Mir∣rhe and Frankinsens, grow to a loathing of that sauour: for remedy of which anoyance, they perfume their houses by burning stirackes in goats skins. And thus much for the se∣uerall parts of a goat.

There were in ancient time three kindes of Heards-men which receiued dignity one [ 10] aboue another; the first were called (Bucollici) Neat-heards, because they keepe the grea∣ter Cattell: the second were (Opiliones) Shepheards, of their attendaunce vpon sheepe: the third, last, and lowest kind, were termed, Aepoli and Caprarij, that is (Goat-heards) or keepers of Goates, and such were the Locrentians, who were called Ozolae, because of theyr filthy smell, for they had the most parte of their conuersation amonge other beastes.

A Goate-heard or keeper of these cattle must be a sharpe stearne, harde; laborious, patient, bold and chearefull, and such a one as can easily run ouer the rocks through the Wildernesse, and among the bushes without feare or griefe, so that he must not follow his flocke like other heards, but goe before them: they must also be light and nimble, to follow the wandering goats, that runne awaie from their fellowes, and so bring them back [ 20] againe, for Goates are nimble, mooueable, and inconstant, and therefore apt to depart awaie, except they be restrained by the heard and his Dogge. Neither haue Goates a Captaine or Bell-bearer like vnto sheepe, whom they follow, but euery one is directed after his owne will, and heerein appeareth the pride of this beast, that he scorneth to come behind either catell or sheepe, but alwaies goeth before; and also in their owne heardes among themselues, the Bucke goeth before the Female, for the reuerence of his beard (as Aelianus saith) the labor of the goat-heard must be to see his cattel well fed abroad in the day time, and well foulded at night, the first rule therefore in this husbandry is to deuide the flockes, and not to put any great number of them together, for heerein they differ from sheep, who loue to liue together in multitudes, as it were affecting society by which [ 30] they thriue better, and mourne not so much as when they are alone: but goats loue singu∣larity, and may well be called Schismatiks among Cattell, and therefore they thriue best lying together in small numbers, otherwise, in great flockes they are soone infected with the pestilence, and therefore in France, they care not to haue Magnos Gregos sed plures: not great flocks, but many.

The number of their flocke ought not to exceede fifty, whereupon Varro writeth this story of Gabinus a Roman Knight, who had a field vnder the suburbes containing a thou∣sand Akers of pasture ground, who seeing a poore goat-heard bring his goats euery day to the citty, and receiued for their milke a peny a peece, he being led with couetousnesse, proponed to himselfe this gaine, that if he stored his said fielde with a thousand Milch-fe∣male-goates, [ 40] he also should receiue for their milke a thousand pence a day; whereupon he added action to his intent, and filled his fielde with a thousand goates, but the euent fell out otherwaies then he expected: for in short time the multitude infected one another, and so he lost both milke and flesh, whereby it is apparant, that it is not safe to feed great flocks of these cattell together.

In Indian, in the Region Coitha, the inhabitants giue their milch-goates dried fishes to eate, but their ordinary foode is leaues, tender braunches, and boughes of trees, and also bushes or brambles; whereupon Virgill wrot in this mauner:

Pascuntur vero siluas & summa Lycaei [ 50] morentesque rubos & amantes arctua dumos.

They loue to feede on the Mountaines better then in the vallies and greene fieldes; al∣waies striuing to licke vp the yuie or green plants, or to climbe vpon trees, cropping off with their teeth all maner wild herbs, and if they be restrained and inclosed in fields, then they doe the like to the plants that they find there, wherefore there was an auncient law a∣mong the Romans, when a man let out his ground to farme he should alwaies condition

and except with the farmer that he should not breede any Goate in his ground, for their teeth are enemies to all tender plantes: their teeth are also exitiable to a tree, and Pliny and Varro affirme, that the Goate by licking the Oliue tree maketh it barren; for which cause in ancient time, A Goate was not sacrifized to Minerua to whom the Olyue was sa∣cred.

There is no creature that feedeth vpon such diuersity of meat as Goats, for which cause they are elegantly brought in by Eupolis the olde Poet, bragging of theyr belly cheare, wherein they number vp aboue fiue and twenty seueral things, different in name, nature, and tast: and for this cause, Eustathius defended by strong argument against Disarius, that [ 10] men and cattell which feede vpon diuers things, haue lesse health then those beasts which eate one kind of fruite alone. They loue Tameriske, Alderne, Elme-tree, assarabacke, and a tree called Alaternus, which neuer beareth fruit but only leaues: also three leaued-grasse, yuie, the hearbe Lada, which groweth no where but in Arabia, whereby it commeth to passe, that many times the haire of Goats is found in the gumbe called Ladanum, for the peoples greedy desire of the gumbe, causeth them to wipe the iuyce from the Goates beard.

For the increase of milke in them, giue them Cinquefoyle fiue daies together before they drinke, or else binde Dittany to their bellies, or (as Lacuna translateth the words out of Affric••nus) you may lay milke to their bellies, belike by rubbing it thereupon. The wild Goats of Creete, eate dittany aforesaid against the stroks of Darts: and Serapion auoucheth [ 20] by the experience of Galen, that goats by licking the leaues of Tamariske, loose their gall, and likewise that he saw them licking Serpents which had newly lost their skins, and the e∣uent therof was, that their age neuer turned or changed into whitenesse or other externall signes thereof.

Also it is deliuered by good obseruation that if they eate or drinke out of vessels of Ta∣mariske, they shal neuer haue any Spleen; if any one of them eate Sea-holly, the residue of the flocke stand still and will not goe ••orward, till the meate be out of his mouth. The Grammarians say that Chim••ra was killed by Bellerophon the son of Glaucus in the Mountain Lycius, and the reason heereof is, that the Poets fained Chimaera to bee composed of a Lyon, a Dragon, and a Goate, and in that mountaine all those three were kept and fed: for [ 30] in the top were Lions, in the middle were Goats, and also at the foot thereof Serpents. If they suffer heate or cold they are much endaungered, for such is their nature that they auoide all extremity, and the females with younge are most of al molested with cold. If they haue conceiued in the Wynter then many abortementes or casting their young fol∣loweth.

In like sort it hapneth if they eate Walnuts (and not to their full) vnripe, therefore ei∣ther they must be suffered to eate of them to saciety, or else they are not to be permitted to them.

If at any time they eate Scammony, Hellebore, Lesseron, or Mercury, they are much troubled in their stomach, and loose their milke, especially the white Hellebor. The publi∣cans [ 40] in the prouince of Cyrene haue all the gouernment of the pastures, and therfore they permit not Benzwine to grow in their country finding thereby greate gaine; and if at a∣ny time their sheepe or goats meete with any braunch thereof, they eate it geedily, but the sheepe immediatly fall to sleepe and the goates to Neezing. Agolethros and Sabine are poyson to Goates. The Herbe called in Greeke Rhododendron, and may be english∣ed Rose-tree, is poyson goates, and yet the same helpeth a man against the vemon of Serpents.

The prickle or spindle tree (called also Euonimus) which groweth in the Mount Occy∣nius (cal••ed Ordyno) about the bignesse of a pine-apple-tree, hauing soft leaues like the same, and it budde••h in September, and the flower is like to a white violet flower, this kil∣leth [ 50] Goates, except they be purged with black Hellebor imediately after they haue eaten thereof. The Egyptians when they wil describe a man deuouring sheepe or Goats, they picture the herbe Curilago or Conyza, because it also killeth them. Also as Clodrysippus af∣firmeth they auoide Cumin, for it maketh them mad or bringeth vpon them lethargies, and such like infirmities.

He auoydeth also the spettle of man, for it is hurtfull to him, and to the Sea-fish Scolopen∣dra, and yet he eateth many venemous herbes and groweth fat thereby; and this also may be added, that Goats grow fat when they are with young, but by drinking of Honey they are weakened, and indaungered of death. Concerning their drinke, it is necessary for a skilfull Goat-herd to obserue the nature of the beast, and the best time and place of their watering, according to the saying of Virgill:

—I••be•• fronde••tia Capris Arb••ta sufficere, & fluuios prebere rerentes.

[ 10] In the Summer they are to be watered twice a day, and at other times once onely in the afternoone: but it is reported of the Goats of Cephalenia, that they drinke not euery daie like other goats, but onely once or twice in six moneths, and therefore they turne them∣selues to the winde or cold aire of the sea, and by gawning, sucke into their mouths or bel∣lies that which serueth them instead of water. When the sun declineth, they lie and looke not vpon one another but on the contrary, and they which lodge in the fields take vppe their rest among their acquaintance. But if they be vsed to fold or house, they remember it, and repaire thither of their owne accord: which thing caused the Poet to write in this maner:

Atque ipsae memores rede••ntin tecta, suosque [ 20] Ducunt: & graund•• superaut vix vbere limen.

Concerning their stables or houses to lodge in for their defence against the colde, the diligent heard-man must obserue, that nothing must be layed vnder the Goat to lie vpon, and it is best to make his stable vpon stones, or some such hard flower, and the same must bee kept and turned drie euery day from annoyance of their dung, for that hurteth their heads. It is good to set the window of their stable to the Sun, and from the wind, according to the counsell of Virgill;

Et stabula a ventis hyberno opponere soli, [ 30] Ad medium conuersa diem cum frigidus olim Iam cadit extremoque irrorat Aquarius anno.

Although goats be stronger then sheepe, yet they are neuer so found, for in buying and selling of them, he was neuer accounted a wise man, that either hoped to buy, or promi∣sed to sell without fault. It was sufficient in open market places, when and where goats wer to be sold, to promise, Hodie capras recte esse & bibere posse & eas licite habere, that is, that the day of their sale they were well, and could drinke, and they were his owne, and it was lawfull for him to haue them.

But farther no man was vrged, for (Archelaus sayth) they are euer febricitante, because their breath is whotter, and their copulation more fiery, and therefore their heardmen [ 40] must not be vnprouided of good and sufficient medicine to helpe them, and not onely a∣gainst their naturall diseases, but also their continual horn-wounds which they giue one a∣nother by their often fightings, and also when they aspire to climb vpon steepe and cra∣gy pointed rockes or trees, they often fall and are wounded, in such cases they haue no such Physitian as their keeper, whose bagge and box must be as an Apothecaries shoppe to yeelde continuall remedies to all their agreeuances.

The best meanes to preserue them in health next to a good diet and warme lodging, is, to plant Alysson neere to their stabling houses. And their continuall ague spoken of before is profitable to their body, for when it departeth and leaueth them, presently they perish [ 50] and die. Sheepe and Goats haue a natural foresight of the pestilence or murrain, of earth∣quakes, and of wholesome temperate Weather, and of aboundance and store of fruites; but neither of both shall bee euer infested by the pestilence, if you giue them the power of a Storkes Ventricle or mawe one spoonfull therof in Water euery day.

And whereas all other kind of Cattell when they are sicke consume and pule away by

little and little, onely Goates perish suddenly, insomuch as all that are sicke are vnreco∣uerable, and the other of the flocke must be instantly let blood and separated before the infection ouerspread all, and the reason of their sudden death, is because of their a∣boundance of foode, which ministerth speedy flaxe for the fire of their disease to burne. At such times they must not feede all the day long, but onely thrice or foure times a day be led forth to grasse, and brought in againe to their stables.

If any other sicknesse annoy them they are to be cured with reede, and the rootes of white Thorne beate together with yron Pestles, and mingled with raine Water, and so giuen to the Cattell to be drunke: but if this medicine helpe not, then either sell them a∣way, or else kill them, and salt them till you minde to eate them. Goates are not troubled [ 10] with Lice or Nits but onely with Tickes.

There is a certaine Wine called Melampodion, the report is that one Melampos a shep∣herd had it reuealed vnto him, to cure the madnesse of a Goates: it is made of blacke Elle∣bor, and goats milke. Goats are also molested and subiect to the falling sicknesse and this is knowne by their voyce and cold most braines; and therefore the Roman priests were commaunded too abstaine from touching such beasts.

They are also troubled with the gowt; the Female-goate easeth the paine of her eyes by pricking them vpon a Bul-rush, and the Male-goate by pricking them vpon a Thorne, and so pituitous matter followeth the pricke, whereby the sight is recouered without a∣ny harme done to the Apple; and from hence it is supposed, that the Physitians learned [ 20] their Parakeutesis pricking of so••e eies with a needle.

The Females neuer winke in their sleepe, being heerein like the Roe-buckes. There are certaine birds (called Capri-mulgi) because of their sucking of Goates, and when these or any of them haue sucked a Goate she presently falleth blinde. If at any time she be trou∣bled with the Dropsie, an yssue must be made vnder her shoulder, and when the humour is auoyded, stop vp the hole with liquid pitch. They drinke the seede of Seselis to make them haue an easie deliuerance of their younge, and for that cause Columella prescribeth a pinte of sod corne and Wine to be infused into their throates in that extremity; their other maladies being like vnto sheepe, we will reserue their description and cure to that History. [ 30]

These Goates haue in auncient times beene vsed for sacrifices, not onely by the So∣ueraigne commaunde of almightye God, but also by the practise of Heathen people, for their perfect sacrifice which consisted of a Ram, a goate, a Hog, and a Bull, was called He∣catombe and Tryttis.

The reason why Swine and goates were sacrificed among the heathen, was because the Swine dig vp the earth with their Noses, and rooted out the Corne, they were sacri∣ficed to Ceres; and the Goates spoile the Vines by biting, for which cause, they sacrificed him to Bacchus; that so the drunken God might bee pacified with the bloode of that Beaste, whose hallowed grapes hee had deuoured: Whereuppon the Poet Wryteth [ 40] thus:

Sus dederat poenas exemplo territus horum Palmite debueras abstinuisse Caper Quem spectans aliquis dentes in vite permentem Talia non tacito dicta dolore dedit Rode caper vitem tamen hinc cum stabis adaras In tua quod spargi cornua possit, erit.

When they sacrificed a goate in Graecia, they tried him by giuing him Pease or cold water to drinke, which if he refused, they also refused him for sacrifice, but if he tasted it, [ 50] they tooke and offered him.

Martiall hauing seene or rather heard of a Countrey priest, sacrifising a goate, and being assisted by a Countrey man, when the beast was slaine the priest commaunded the poore countrey man to cutte off the stones, Teter vt immunda carnis abiret odar, to let the vnwholsome vapour of the vncleane flesh out of the body. Afterward the priest be∣ing

busie about the sacrifice, and stooping downe to the carkeise of the beast, his coddes appeared behinde him betwixt his legges, the which when the countrey man saw, hee sud∣denly cut them off with his sharpe knife, thinking that the auncient ceremony of fasting required this to be done: whereupon Martiall wrot this Epigram,

Sic modo qui Tuscus fueras, nunc Gallus aruspeae Dum ingulas hircum factus es ipse caper.

The Mendesians worshipped Goates both males & females, because as they imagine they were like to their God Pan. The Egyptians also deified the male goate for his genitall members, as other nations did Priapus. The Gentiles had also a brazen goate, where∣upon [ 10] Venus rode in brasse, which picture they called (Pandemon) and Venus (Epitragia,) I thinke that lust could not be better described then by this emblem, for venereous per∣sons will suffer their whoores to doe any disgrace vnto them, for their carnall pleasure. And thus much for these male and female goates, now follow the stories of the wilde goates and the kids in order.

OF THE GOATE, CALLED [ 20] by PLINY a DEERE.

[illustration]

[ 30]

THere is no man that shall see this beast, but will easily yeeld vnto my opinion, that it is a goate & not a deere, the hair, [ 40] beard and whole proportion of body most euidently de∣monstrating so much, neither is there any difficultie herein, except for the horne which turne forward at the point and not backward, which thing yet swarueth not so much from a goate as from a deare, and therefore can be no good reason to alter my opinion. There are of this kinde as Doctor Cay affirmeth in the Northerne part of England, and that figure which is engrauen at Rome in a marble piller being a remem∣brance of some Triumphe which Pliny setteth forth, differeth in no part from this beasts description and proportion. Yet I take it that it may be brought into England from some other nation and so be seene in some Noble mans house, but that it should be bred there, [ 50] I cannot finde any monument of authoritie, but rather I coniecture the same to be bred in Spain. Of these kinds there are three Epigrams in martiall whereby is declared their mutuall fights killing one another: their feare of dogges, and their flesh desired both of men and beasts.

The first Epigram describing their wilfull fight one killing another and so sauing a labour to the hunter, for they kill themselues to his hand, is thus.

Frontibus aduersis molles concurrere damas, Spectauere canes praedam stupuit{que} superbus, Vnde leues animae tanto caluere furore? Aspicis imbelles tenent quam fortia damae In mortem paruis concurrere frontibus audent Vidimus & fati sorte iacere pari Venator cultro nil superesse suo Sic pugnant Tauri sic cecidere viri.

The second Epigram is a Dialogue speaking to the Emperour, who tooke care to encrease [ 10] his game, seeing not onely men were enemies to them but they also to one another, where∣vpon he writeth this distichon;

Praelia tam timidis quanta sit ixa feris Vis Caesar damis parcere, mitte canes.

The thirde Epigram is a complaint of their weake and vnarmed state, hauing neither teeth like Bores, not hoenes like Harts to defend themselues, but lie open to the violence of all their enemies:

Dente timetur Aper defendunt cornua ceruum Imbelles damae quid nisi preda sumus. [ 20]

These are of a whitish yellow colour on the back, and are nourished sometime for the plea∣sure, and somtime for the profit of their possessors, for they wil suffer hunting like a Deere and also be tamed for milke like a Goat. And heere of I finde no other especiall mention a∣mong Authors beside that which is already rehearsed.

OF THE WILDE GOAT, AND THE figure of the Heluetian Alpian wilde or Rocke-Goat.

[illustration]

[ 30] [ 40]

WIlde-goats are transfigured into many similitudes, and also dispersed in∣to many countries beyond the seas and in the Alpes, the picture of the Alpine wilde Goat is heere set down. They are also to be found in Italy, in the mountaines of Fiscela and Tetrica, insomuch as the tame goats which [ 50] are nourished there, are said to be deriued of these wilde goats, these are calld Cinthian Goats, because they are bred in the mountaines of Delos called Cinthus. There are of these which are found in the tops of the Libian mountaines as great as Oxen, whose shoulders and legges abound with loose-shaggy haire, their shinnes small, their faces are rounde, their eies are hollowe and hard to be seene.

Their hornes crooking backward to their shoulders, not like other Goats, for they stand farre distant one from another: and among all other Goats they are indued with a most singuler dexterity of leaping, for they leap from one top to another, standing a great way asunder, and although many times they fall downe vpon the hard rocks, which are inter∣posed betwixt the Mountaines, yet receiue they no harme: for such is the hardnesse of their members, to resist that violence, and of theyr hornes to breake their fals, that they neither are offended thereby in head nor legs.

Such are the Goates of Soractum as Cato Writeth, which leape from Rocke to rocke, aboue threescore foote: of this kind are those Goates before spoken off in the History of [ 10] the tame Goat, which are thought to breath out of their eares, and not out of their No∣strils; they are very swift and strong horned, the loue betwixt the Dammes and the Kids in this kind, is most admirable; for the Damme doth most carefully educate and nourish her young, the younge ones againe, doe most thankefully recompence their mothers carefulnesse, much like vnto reasonable men, which keepe and nourish theyr owne pa∣rents in their old decrepit age, (which the loue of God and nature doth enioyn them) for satisfaction of there owne education, so doe these young wild Goates, toward their owne mothers: for in their age they gather their meate and bring it to them, and likewise they runne to the riuers or watering places, and with their mouthes sucke vp water, which they bring to quench the thirst of their parentes: and when as their bodies are Ruffe and vg∣lye [ 20] to looke vppon, the younge ones licke them ouer with their tongues, so making them smooth and neate.

And if at any time the Damme be taken by the Hunters, the young one doth not for∣sake her till he be also insnared: and you would thinke by the behauiour of the imprisoned Damme towards her young Kids, and likewise of the Kid towards his Damme, that they mutually contend one to giue it selfe for the other: for the dam forseeing her yong one to houer about her in the handes of her enemies, and continually to follow; with sighes and teares seemeth to wish and perswade them to depart, and to saue themselues by flight, as if they could say in the language of men, Fugite filij infestos venatores ne me miseram capti materno nomine priuate; that is to say, Runne away my sons, saue your selues from these harmefull and greedy Hunters, least if you be taken with me, I be for euer depriued of the [ 30] name of a mother. The young ones againe on the other side wandering about their mo∣ther, bleate forth many a mournefull songe, leaping to the Hunters and looking in their faces, with pittifull asspects, as if they said vnto him; we adiure you (oh Hunters) by the maker of vs al, that you deliuer our mother from your thraldome, and in sted of her take vs hir vnhappy children, bend your hard harts, feare the lawes of God which forbiddeth innocents to be punished, and consider what reuerence you owe to the olde age of a mo∣ther; therefore againe (we pray you) let our liues satisfie you for our dammes liberty. But poor creaturs, when they see that nothing can moue the vnexerable mind of the hunters, they resolue to dye with her whom they cannot deliuer, and thereupon of their owne accord, giue themselues into the handes of the Hunters, and so are led away with their [ 40] mother.

Concerning the Libyan goates before spoken off, which liue in the tops of Mountaines, they are taken by nets, or snares, or else killed by Darts and arrowes, or some other art of Hunting. But if at any time they discend downe into the plaine fieldes they are no lesse troubled, then if they were in the waues of some great water. And therefore any man of a slow pace may there taken them, without any great difficulty.

The greatest benefit that ariseth from them is their skinne and their hornes, with their skinnes they are clothed in Winter time against tempests, Frostes and Snowe, and it is a common weede for Shepherds, and Carpenters. The hornes serue them in steed of buc∣kets, to draw Water out of the running streames, wherewithall they quench their thirst, [ 50] for they may drinke out of them, as out of cups; They are so great, that no man is a∣ble to drinke them off at one draught, and when cunning artifficers haue the handling of them▪ they make them to receiue three times as much more.

The selfe same things are Wryten of the Wilde Goates of Egypt, who are said neuer

to be hurt by Scorpions. There is a great Citty in Egypt (called Coptus) who were wont to be much addicted to the worship of Isis, and in that place there are great aboundance of Scorpions, which with their stings and poyson, do oftentimes giue mortall and dead∣ly woundes to the people, whilest they mourne about the Chappell (for they worship that Goddesse) with funeral lamentation: against the stinging of these Scorpions: the E∣gyptians haue inuented a thousand deuises whereof this was the principall: At the time of their assembly, they turne in wild fem: goats naked among the Scorpions lying on the ground, by whose presence they are deliuered and escape free from the woundes of the Serpents, whereupon the Coptites doe religiously consecrate these female Goats to de∣uinity, [ 10] thinking that their Idoll Isis did wholy loue them, and therfore they sacrificed the males but neuer the females.

It is reported by Plutarch that wilde Goates doe aboue other meate loue meale and figges, wherefore in Armenia there are certaine black Fishes which are poyson; with the pouder or meale of these fishes they couer these figges, and cast them abroad where the Goates do haunt, and assoone as the beasts haue tasted them, they presently die. Now to the wilde Goat before pictured, called in Latine Rupi Capra and Capricornus, and in Greek a Gargos, and Aigastros, and of Homer Ixalon, of the Germanes Gemmes or Gemmuss, the Rhetians which speake Italian, call it Camuza, the Spaniards Capramontes, the Polonians Dzykakoza, the Bohemians, Korytanski Kozlik; that is to say, a Carinthian Goate, because that part of the Alpes called Carinthia is neere bordering vpon Bohemia. [ 20]

Bellanius writeth, that the French cal him Chambris, and in their ancient tongue Ysard, this is not very great of bodye, but hath crooked hornes which bend backeward to his back, whereupon he staieth himselfe when he falleth from the slippery Rockes or Moun∣taines.

These hornes are not fit to fight they are so small and weake, and therefore nature hath bestowed them vpon them for the cause aforesaid. Of all other Goats this is the least, it hath red eies, but a qu••cke eie-sight, his hornes are blacke, being nine or ten fingers longe, and compassed about with diuers circles, but at the top none at all, which is sharp and crooked like a hooke. They arise at the roote Paralelwise, that is by equall distance one from another, being hollow the bredth of ones Thumbe, the residue solide like the [ 30] Harts.

The Males in this kinde differ not from the Females, neither in horne, colour, or pro∣portion of body: they are in bignesse like the common Goate, but somewhat hier. Their colour is betwixt brown and red. In the Summer time they are red, and in the winter time they are browne. There hath beene seene of them which were white and blacke in distinct colour one from another, and the reason heere of is, because they chaunge colour many times in the year. There are some of them altogether white, but these are seldome found; they inhabit for the most part the Rockes or Mountaines, but not the tops like the Ibe••ks, neither doe they leape so far as the foresaid goats. They come down somtime to the roots of the Alpes, and there they licke sand from the rockes, like as the village tame goates to [ 40] procure them an appetite.

The Heluetians call these places in their naturall tongue Fultzen, that is Salares: about these places do the Hunters hide themselues and secretly with guns, bowes, or other such instrumentes they suddendly shoote and kill them. When they are hunted they step vp to the steepest rocks, and most inaccessible for Dogges, by that meanes prouiding their own safty: bu•• if the hunters presse after them and clime vpon the rocks, with hands, and feet, they leape from thence, from stone to stone, making their waie to the tops of the Moun∣taines, so long as euer they are able to goe or climbe, and then they hange by the Hornes of their heade, as if they were ready to fall, which caused Martiall to write thus: [ 50]

Pendentem summa Capream de rupe videbis Casuram speres decipit illa Canes.

Where the Poet attributeth that to the Roe which belongeth to the wilde goat, and there they hange many times till they perish, because they cannot loose themselues againe, or else they are shotte with guns, or fall downe headlong, or else are driuen off by the hun∣ters. From the day of Saint Iames they vse themselues to the coldest partes of the Moun∣tains,

because they vnderstand winter is approaching, making custome to be their shield against cold weather: there haue bene some of these made tame, so that they haue discen∣ded downe to the flocks of tame Goats, whome they do not auoide like the Ibex.

From these wilde goats hath that same herbe (called Doronicum) and of the Grecians, Doronieu, giuen a name among the Germaines Geniesseh Worts, that is, wilde-goats-herb, being excellent to cure the Collick, and therefore highly esteemed among the Arabians Graecians, and Mauritanians. It is hot and dry in the second degree, and the countrey peo∣ple in Heluetia do giue it against dizines in the head, because these wilde goats oftentimes feed vpon the same, and yet are neuer troubled with that infirmity, although they runne [ 10] round about the mountaines.

There are hunters which drinke the blood of this goat comming hot out of his body, immediately after the wound giuen, against that sicknes. The fat & milke of a wilde goat mingled together, haue cured one long sick of the Ptisick. The wilde goats of Creet, being wounded with poysoned Dartes, runne presently and eate of the hearbe Dittani, by the vertue and iuice whereof, they not onely auoid the arrow which sticketh in their skin, but also death, and cure the poyson.

OF THE KYD.

[ 20] HAuing formerly discoursed of seuerall kindes of Goates, now it fol∣loweth that we should also intreat of the Kid which is the yssue of a Goat; and first of the seuerall names therof. It is called in Haebrew Egedi, which because it signifieth also a Lambe, they put vnto it Haissim, and the plurall masculine is Gedaijm, and the feminine Gedi∣oth, Gen. 35. where the Caldean translation hath Gadeia, the Persian Bus-kahale, or else Cahali busan; for the Persians render Cahale for Sheter, in Haebrew Busan, for Issim. The Septuagints render Erifon, and vulgarly at this day, the Grecians cal him Eriphoi, but the truth is, that Eriphoi are kids of three or foure months old, and after that time vntill their procreation, they are called Chimaroi, [ 30] the Latines cal him Hoedi ab edendo, from eating (as Isidorus saith) for then their flesh is tender and fat, and the tast therof pleasant. The Italians call it Cauretto, or Capret∣to, and Ciauerello; the Rhetians which speak Italian, Vlzol: the Spaniardes Cabrito, the French Chereru, the Germans Gitse, or Kitslain, the Polonians Koziel.

It was a question whether nature would finish her parts vpon a young one out of the dams belly, wherefore a triall was made vpon a kid which neuer saw his dam, for vpon a season a dissexion was made vpon a Female-goate great with young, and out of her belly was her young one taken aliue, so as it could neuer see the mother; the same kid was put into a house where were many boales full of wine, oyle, milke, and Hony, and other ly∣quid thinges: there also lay beside him diuers kindes of fruits, both of the vine, of corne, [ 40] and of plants; at last this kid was seene to arise and stand vpon his feete, and as if somebo∣dy had told him that his Legges were made to walke vpon, he shooke off all that moist∣nesse which he brought with him out of his mothers belly, afterwardes he scratched his side with his foote, and then went and smelled at all the former vessels, and at last comming to the milke-boule, he supped and licked thereof, which when the behoulders saw, they all cryed out that Hipocrates rule was most true, Animalium naturas esse indoctas, that is to say, the natures of creatures are not formed by Art, but of their owne inclination.

There is nothing more wanton then a Kid, whereupon Ouid made this verse:

Splendidior vitro tenero lasciuior hoedo.

They often iumpe and leape among themselues, and then they promise faire weather, but [ 50] if they keep continually with the flocks and depart not from their mothers, or continually sucke and licke vp their meat: also they for-shew a storm, and therfore they must be gathe∣red to their folds, according to the Poets saying; si sine fine modoque:

Pabula delbent cum tutas vesper adire Compellat caulas monstrabunt ad fore nimbos.

If Geese swallow the haires of Kids or Goats they die thereof Kids are not to be separated from their Dammes, or weaned till they be three months old, at which time they may be ioyned to the flockes: they are nourished when they are young after the same manner as they be at a year old, except that they must be more narrowly looked vnto, least their las∣ciuiousnesse ouerthrow their age: and besides their Milk, you must giue vnto them three leaued-grasse, Iuy, and the toppes of lentiles tender leaues, or small twigges of trees: and whereas commonly they are brought forth in twinnes, it is best, to choose out the strong∣est headed kid for the flock, and to sel the other away to the Butchers. Out of the rennet of the Calues or Kids is the Coagulation. [ 10]

There was a certaine law (as appeareth by Baifyus) in the bookes of the ciuill Lawyers, that shooes should be made of the skinnes of Kids, as appeared by auncient Marble mo∣numents at Rome, which thing Martiall approueth in his verses to Phebus; shewing how time altereth al things and that the skins of kids which were wont to couer bald heads, are not put vpon bare legs; the verses are these that follow,

Oedina tibi pelle Contegenti Nudae tempore verticemque caluae Fefliue tibi phebe dixit ille Qui dixit c••put esse calciatum.

Out of the hide of a Kid is made good glue, and in the time of Cicero they stuffed beddes with Kids haire: their flesh hath been much esteemed for delicate meat; & for that cause [ 20] dressed and trimmed sundry waies; the best Kids for meate haue been said to come from Melos, or Vmbratia, or Viburtinum, which neuer tasted grasse, but haue more milke in them then blood; according to the saying of Iuuenall:

De viburtino veniet pinguissimus agro Hoedulus & toto grege mollior nescius herbae H••c dum ausus virgas humilis mordere falicti.

For this cause they may safely be eaten all the yeare long while they sucke, both of men of temperate and whot constitution, for they are lesse hurtfull then the Rammes, and doe easily disgest, and nourish temperately, for they engender thinne and moyst blood, and al∣so helpe all whot and temperate bodies, and they are at the best when as they are [ 30] neither too olde, that is aboue sixe monthes, nor two younge, that is vnder two monethes.

The red or sandy coloured are the best, yet is their flesh hurtfull to the Collicke. Si∣meon Sethi affirmeth, that if a man eate a kids liuer before he drinke in the morning, he shal not be ouer drunke that day. Celtus also prescribeth it in the sickenesse of the Holy-fire. They are wholesome, sod, roasted, or baked, but the ribs are best sodde. Platina teacheth one way whereby it was dressed in his time for a delicate dishe; they tooke some fielde Herbes and fat broath, twoe Whites of an Egge well beaten together, with twoo heades of Garlike, a little Saffron, and a little Pepper, with the Kiddes flesh, put all together into a dish rosted before at the fire, vpon a spitte (with Parsely, Rosemary, and Lawrel leaues) [ 40] and so serud out with that sauce, and set it on the table: but if they did not eate it before it was colde, it weakened the eye••sight, and raised vp venerial lust.

The bloode also of a Kid was made into a bludding, and giuen to be eaten of them which haue the bloody-flixe. They haue also deuised to dresse a Kidde whot, and to fill his belly with Spices and other good things: likewise it is sod in Milke with Lawrell, with diuers other fashions, which euery Cooke is able to practise without the knowledge of learning.

And thus I might conclude the discourse of Kiddes with a remembraunce of their constellation in the Waggoner, vppon the Bulles Horne, which the Poets ob∣serue for signes and tokens foreshewing Rayn and Clowdy weather, according to Virgils [ 50] verse:

Quantus ab occasu veniens pluuialibus, Hoedi.

These Starres rise in the Euening about the Nones of October and in December, they were wont to sacrifice a kid with wine to Faunus. There is a byrd called Captilus which is a great deuourer of kiddes and Lambes, and the same also is hunted by a Dragon, for when

she hath filled hir selfe with these beastes, being wearied and idle, the Dragon doth easily set vpon hir and ouer take her. Also when they fish for the Worm seuen Cubits long in the Riuer Indus, they bait their hooke with a lambe or Kid, as is reported by Aelianus; and the auncientes were wont by inspection into the intrals of Kiddes, to declare or search into thinges to come, as Gyraldus amongst other their superstitious vanities rehear∣seth.

The manifold medicinall properties of Goates come now in the end of this story to be declared, and first of all it is to bee noted, that these properties are seuerall, both in the Male, female, and Kidde; and therefore they are not to be confounded, but as the dely∣gence [ 10] of learned Authors hath inuented, and left them seuerally recorded, so they re∣quire at our hands which are the heyres of such benificiall helpes, the same care and need∣full curtisie.

There are some which doe continually nourish Goates in stables neere their dwelling Houses with an opinion that they help to continue them in health, for the ancientes or∣dained that a man which had beene bitten or stroke by Serpents, and could not easily be cured thereof, should bee lodged in a Goates stable. The haires of a Goate-bucke bur∣ned and perfumed in the presence or vnder a man whose genitall is decayed it cureth him.

The poulder of a Wine bottell made of a Goates skinne with a little Rozen doeth not onely stanch the bloode of a greene-wounde, but also cure the same. The powder of the [ 20] Horne with Nitre and Tamariske seede, butter, and Oyle▪ after the head is shauen by an∣nointing it therewith strengthneth the haire from falling off, when it groweth againe and cureth the Alopecia, and a horne burnt to powder and mingled with meale, cureth the chippings in the head and the scabs: for taking away the smell of the arme-pits, they take the Horne of an old Goat and either scrape or burne the same, then adde they to it a like quantity of Mirrhe, the Goates gall, and first scrape or shaue off the haire, and afterward rub them therewith euery day and they are cured by that perfrication.

The bloud fryed in a panne, and afterwardes drunke with Wine, is a preseruatiue a∣gainst intoxications, and cureth the bloody-flixe, and the bloode in a Seare-cloath is ap∣plyed against the goute, and clenseth away all Leprosies, and if the bloode come forth of [ 30] the Nose without stay, then rubbe the Nose with this bloud of a Goate. It being fitted to meate cureth all the paines of the inward partes: being sodde vppon coales stayeth the loosenesse of the belly, and the same applyed to the belly mixed with fine flower, and Rozen easeth the paine in the small guts; the same mixed with the marrow of a Goate which hath beene fed with Lentiles cureth the Dropsie, and being drunke alone breaketh the stone in the reines, and with Parsly drunke in Wine also dissolueth the stone in the bladder, and preuenteth all such calculating grauell in time to come.

There is a Medicine called by the Apothecaryes Diuina manus, Gods hand, against the stone, and they make it in this manner. When Grapes begin to waxe ripe, they take a new earthen pot and poure into it Water, and seeth the same till all the scumme or earthy sub∣stance [ 40] thereof be eiected: & the same pot clensed, then take out of the flock a Male Goat of foure year old, or thereabouts, and receiue his blood as it runneth forth of his slaugh∣tered body into that pot, so as you let goe the first and last streame thereof to the ground and saue the residue: then let it thicken in the pot, and so being therein congealed, break it into many pieces with a reede, and then couering it with some linnen cloth, and set it a∣broad in the day time where it may gather dew, and then the next day set it abroad in the Sunne againe to exhale the same dew, (if in the meane time there fall no raine) then let it dry, and afterward make thereof a powder, and preserue it in a boxe, and when the euill pincheth, vse a spoonefull of it with Wine of Creete, and Philagrius commendeth the ma∣nifold benefit heereof, for he had often tryed it, and with a medicine made of an Affrican Sparrow mixed with this, he procured one to make water, and to void a great stone which [ 50] had not vented his vrine in many daies, and liued in the meane time in horrible paynes, and the same vertue is attrybuted heereunto, if it bee annointed neere the bladder, and

one be bathed in the warme aire and so oftentimes both the bath and the ointment be re∣iterated. Marcellus teacheth how one may make tryall of the vertue of this blood, for if he take a Male-goate, and put him vp close seuen daies, feeding him in the meane time continually with baies, and afterward cause a young Boy to kil him, and receiue his bloud in a bladder, and put in the said bladder sandy stones like vnto those that are engendered in the bladder of man, within short time he shall see those stones dissolued and scarce to be found in the bladder of blood, by which he confidently affirmeth, that nothing in the World is of like power to remooue the stone, but withal he willeth some superstitious ob∣seruations, as namely that he be killed by a chast person: and on a thursday or sunday or such like: but the conclusion is that the saide blood must bee dryed to powder in an Ouen, [ 10] and afterward prescribeth that three ounces heereof, one ounce of Time, one ounce of Peniroyall, three ounces of burned Polypus, one ounce of white Pepper, one ounce of Apian, and one ounce of Loueage-seede to be giuen to the party in sweet wine fasting, and hauing no meat in his stomack vndigested, and hauing digested the medicine he must eat presently.

And therefore if it be true as all antiquity and experience approueth, that the Goates blood breaketh and dissolueth the Adamant stone, then much more (saith Iacobus Siluius) may it worke vppon the stone in a mans bladder. The flesh of Goats decocted in Water, take away all bunches and kernels in the body. The fat of this beast is more moysT then a females or a kids, and therefore it is most strong in operation, to scatter, dissolue, and re∣solue [ 20] more then a sheep.

It cureth all fissures in the lippes mixed with Goose-greace, Rozen, Pitch, and the marrow of a Hart. Also if one be troubled with swellings in his Temples or in his Legges, let him vse of this sewet halfe a pound, and a pound of Capons-greace mixed therewith, and spreading it vpon a cloth like a seare-cloth, let him apply it to the sore and it shall help mightily.

Also when the necke of an Oxe swelleth, it hath been prooued for a golden remedy, to take and annoint it with Goates-greace, liquid Pitch, the marrowe of a Bugle or Oxe, and olde Oyle, and may as well be called Tetrapharmacum, as that of Galen made of Wax, Rozen, Pitch, and Goates-sewet. Also if the blood be fallen into Oxens Legges, it must [ 30] be let forth, or else it will breed the mange; and therefore first of all the place must be cut with a knife, and then rubbed with clouts wet in salt and oile, and last of all annointed with old sewet and Goats-greace.

Two ounces of this Goates-greace and a pinte of greene Oyle mixed together, and melted in a potte, and infused into one that hath the bloody-flixe, cureth him speedily: when the whot dung or fime of a Goate is mixed with Saffron and applyed to the gouty members Hydropicke, it worketh vpon them a strange cure: and some ad heerunto the stalks of Iuy beaten, Mustard-seed, and the flower of wilde Cucumber.

The Lyuer of this beast layed vppon a man that hath beene bitten by a mad Dogge, causeth him neuer to be afrayd of Water: the same being sodde, yealdeth a certaine ly∣quor, [ 40] and sore eyes being annointed with that liquor, within twelue times recouer; and drunke in sharpe Wine, and layed to the Nauell, stayeth the fluxe; also sod in Wine no scumme or froth being taken off from it, but permitted to ioine with it, helpeth the bloo∣dy-flixe.

The entralles of a Goate eaten are profitable against the falling sicknesse. The Gall killeth the Leprosie, al swellings and Botches in such bodyes, and being mingled with Cheese, Quicksiluer, and powder of sponge, and made as thicke as hony, taketh away the spots and burles in the face.

It also rooteth out and consumeth dead flesh in a wound, and also mingled with bran [ 50]

and the vrine of a Bull, cureth the scurffe in the head. Actius also teacheth women how to conceiue with childe, if she dip a purple cloth in Goats-blood, and apply it to her Nauell seuen daies, and afterwarde lie with a man in the prime and encrease of the Moone: the gall of a wilde Goat is commended priuately, for the helpe of them that are purblind, and for all whitenes and vlcers in the eies; and when the haires which trouble the eyes be pulled vp, if the place be anoynted with the gall of goates, the haire will neuer growe any more.

The melt being sod, helpeth the Flix, and the Spleene taken hot out out of the beastes belly, and applied to the Spleene of a man, doeth within short time ease it of all paine, if [ 10] afterward it be hanged vppe in any fume or smoake to be dryed. Albertus and Rasis say, that if a man eat two Goats stones, and presently lye with his wife, she shall bring foorth a male childe, but if he eate but one, then shall the child haue but one stone. The fyme de∣cocted with Honny, and layed to vlcers and swellinges, dissolueth or draweth them, and mingled with Vineger, is most profitably vsed to take away blacke spottes in the face.

And if hee which is sicke of the falling euill doe eate thereof fifteene pilles, or little Balles, it shall procure vnto him much ease. If it bee mingled with Mouse-dunge, toa∣sted at the fire and sprinkled with Honney, and so annointed vppon balde places, where you woulde haue the hayre to growe againe, and mingled with Vineger wherein a [ 20] sea-onion hath bin st••eped, and bound to the forehead or temples, asswageth the pain of the brain-pan.

The pastorall Carthaginians, to the intent that the humour flowing out at their Chil∣drens noses, may neuer hurt them, burne a vaine in the crowne of the head with Wooll, when they are foure yeare old, and thereby they conceiue that they are kept and conser∣ued in perpetuall good health: and if when they burne their children, they fell into a crampe, they eased them presently by casting vppon them the vrine of goates. When a man is thicke of hearing, mingle together the gall of an Oxe, and the vrine of a Goate, and infused into the eares, although there bee in them a verye mattery sub∣stance.

[ 30] Galen prescribeth this potion to euacuate that Water which lyeth betwixt the skinne by Vrine, if one drinke Hysope Water and the vrine of a goat: Likewise it helpeth the Dropsie, and the duste of an Elephauntes tooth drunke in this goates Vrine, it dissolueth the stone in the reynes and bladder, without all fearefull perill and daun∣ger.

The medicines arising out of the female goat are these, we find that the Female-goat, and the land toad being sodden together, are cures of singular woorth for the diseases of all liuing foure-footed-beasts. The (Magi) or wisemen say, that the right eie of a greene liuing Lizard, being taken out and his hedforthwith strok off and put in a goats skin is of a great force against quartan Agues. The ashes of a goats hide besmeared ouer with oile, taketh away the spots in the face. The same ashes made of a goates hide, recouereth the [ 40] blisters and gals of the feet. The shauiug of the Goates skinne, being rubbed with pum∣micestone, and mixed with Vineger, is an excellent approued good remedy for the smal pox

If a woman bleed ouermuch at the nose, let her breasts be bound with a thong made of a goats skinne. The same being sodden with the haire on it, the iuyce being soked vppe, staieth the belly. It is not good for those that haue the falling sicknesse to sleepe or lie in a goates skinne, if at any time the passion mooueth them to it; yet it is hurt∣full for their heade, by reason of the ranke smell, and not for any other particuler priuat cause.

[ 50] Goats haires being burnt, do appease all yssues of blood, which being mixed with Vineger they are good to staunch the bleeding at nose, and you may blow in their nostrils goats haires burnt and whole, and also myrrhe mixed with goats haires so burnt. The same also burned and mingled with pitch and Vineger, helpeth the bleeding at nose, and being put in the nose they stir vp lethargies.

The sauor of the Goats horne or of the haire doth the like, Goats dung in sweet water▪ doth expell the stone in the body, so doth the ashes of Goats haire in like mane••, which being burned and brused, and giuen in a medicine, they doe mightily helpe and recouer the strangury. It is also reported that Goats horne and the haires being burnt, will driue away Serpents: and their ashes soked or annoynted, is very good against strokes or sti••∣ging of Serpents.

To stay the flux in the belly, take the hairs that grow behind on the Goats sitting place, and burne them, which being tempered with beaten Barly and oile, must be perfumed vn∣der a mans seat.

Goats flesh being rosted by the fire where dead men are burnt, is good for those that [ 10] haue the falling sicknes. The same is a good remedie against the falling sicknes. It is good for such to absteine from Hogs flesh, beefe, or Goats flesh. They that drinke goats blood wax pale presently on it, which is excellent to get out spots of any thing: it also very good against those that are intoxicat with poyson, and therefore must be drunk with wine; and being sod with marrow, it is good against the same disease, so is the male-Goates blood. The roote of sinke-foyle drunke in wine, helpeth il humors. Goats blood also, either of the male or of the female, aswageth the inwards and the flowings or laskes of the belly: it is good for those that haue the Dropsie, being tempered with honye, and also sodden with marrow.

Some vse it against the bloodie Flix and paine of the belly, being also sodden with mar∣row, [ 20] it is good against the same disease. If you mix Goats blood with chisel sleept in broth and a little Rosin put into it, whereof make a plaister and lay it to the belly or other parts, and it recouereth any paine thereabouts.

The fat of the male Goat is more faster, and therfore good for those that haue the bloo∣dy flix. The substance of a Goat is fat, yet is not the fat of a Goat so moist as a swines, but for bitings, & those that are grieued in their bellie goats fat is better then swines, not be∣cause it hath more operation in it to expell the greefe, but by reason it is thicke, whereas the Swines greace will run about like oyle: neither is the fat of Kyds so warme and dry as female-Goats, neither the male-Goats so fat as the gelded Goats, in Latin called (Hircus) also female-Goats fat is more binding then the ••allow of Oxen, but the males fat is good [ 30] against Scorpions made in a perfume. It is also good for those that are poysoned with French green flyes called (Cantharides.) Being tempered with wax is taketh away the stin∣ging of Serpents, it helpeth any biting or wound: If a womans breast grieue her after her deliuery of child, let her seeth husked Barley and scallions, and the fat of a male-Goate, whereof let her drinke a little. Against the ach of the eies, take Goats fat and sheeps togi∣ther, with a little warme water.

Almost euerie greef of the body if it be no woūd, wil be more easily recouerd by plaisters, but if the greefe be as it were grounded, (or an old greefe) let it be burned, and vpon the place so scorched, put Butter or the fat of a male-Goat, it will also recouer and heal kibes and Chilblanes. It helpeth the kings euill, so doeth the fat of the female-Goates helpe the [ 40] same disease. The males fat mixed with Arsenicke, taketh away the roughnes of the nails: it also healeth the nailes of the Leprosie without any paine: it expelleth the Cartharid••ns being applyed with the iuyce of the grape that groweth on a wilde Vine. This goates fat is profitable to helpe any about the straightnes of their mouths or lips, being tempred with wax it allaieth sores and blisters, and with pitch and Brimstone it healeth them, and being applied with hony and the iuyce of a brambell, it cureth the swellings arising in the hands or fingers, especially in curing of fellons.

The fat of a Bull well salted, or if it be in an ach or griefe, dipt it in oile without salt, and so after the same manner is the Male-goats fat vsed, which being tempered with roses, ta∣keth away the wheales or blisters that riseth in the night, being also dropped into the ears [ 50] of one that is deafe, it recouereth him.

It helpeth the falling sicknes, putting thereto as much of the gal of Buls, iust of the same weight, and seeth it together, and then laie it in the skinne of the gall that it touch not the ground, and drinke it out of the water. It is also good against the stinging of Scorpions being applied with Butter and the meale of (Zea) warmed and washed with red Wine.

The broath that is confected of Goats fat sodden, is excellent for those that are trou∣bled with the Pthisicke, to sup now and then a fewe, also it helpeth the cough being tem∣pered with new sweet wine, that an ounce may be put in a goblet & so mixed with a branch of Rue. It being also sodden with husked barly, easeth those that haue fretting in the guts.

The same also sodden with barley flower and wine made of pomegranates and Cheese, let it be giuen to those that are troubled with the bloody flixe, and let them take it with the iuyce of husked barly.

Rasis also saith, that the fat of a fierce Lyon is of such singular account, that if a gly∣ster [ 10] be made of it, with the water of barly sod, either with the water of tosted meale, and boyled Sunach, and so dissolued with waxe, it is a most pretious remedy for the swelling of the inwards. But Goats fat doth much help the griefes of the inward parts that nothing commeth forth but cold water. The fat of the Buck-goat many vse (being sod with bread and ashes) against the bloody flixe, and also the she-goates fat being taken out of her back alone being a little cold, and then supped vp: Other allow the fat to be sodden with Bar∣ly flower, Cinnamon, annise, and vineger mixed together. The same fat taken so out of the backe mixed with barly bran, and Cinnamon, annise, and vineger, of each of them a∣like, and seeth thereof, and being strained giue it the patient that is diseased with the bloo∣dy flixe, and it shall most speedily help him.

[ 20] The same also mixed with Pellitory and Ciprian Waxe, may be laide to the gowte. Also sodden with Goates Dunge and Saffron, and layed on the gout it asswageth the griefe.

The marrow of the Female-goate, in the forth place next after the marrow of the Hart, the Calfe, and the Bull is commended of Dioscorides, but the last of all is the sheeps fat. The Harts is most renowned of all, next the Calues, then the Buck-goats, and last of all the Female-goats. To help the griefe of eies. Take the marrow of Goats, and annoynt your eies, and it will cure them. Goates blood sodde with marrow may be taken against all toxicall poyson.

Pliny saith, that theyr dung being annointed with Hony, is good for the watering or dropping of the eyes, and their marrow against aches. The blood of Goates, their mar∣row, [ 30] and their Liuer, is very good to ease the belly. Goates blood sodden with the mar∣row helpeth the blody flix, and those that haue the dropsie, and yet I think that the bucks is more effectual and of greater operation so it be eaten with mastick. Also the goats mar∣row is good for the eies of Horses.

The right Horne of a Goat is of some held to be of more effect then the other, which I rather hold to be superstitious, whatsoeuer other reason or secret quality the Horne may afford for the bitings of Serpents, take Goates horne and burne the haires of them, and the ashes of them soked in Water, and Goates Milke with the horne, and wilde Mar∣gerom, and three cups of wine put together, and being drunk against the stinging of an ad∣der expelleth the poison.

[ 40] The ashes of Goates horne being all annointed with Oyle, tempered with Mirtle, stayeth the sweating of the body. Harts horne and Goats being burned and (if it be requi∣site) is good to wash the teeth withall, and it will make them looke white, and the gums soft. It is also good against the bloody-flixe, and watering of the eyes in regard they are most vsuall.

Yet they neither asswage the griefes nor consume them, which are of a could and dry nature. Harts horne being burnt as also a Goates horne, taketh away bitings. Goates dung or the horne being burnt to ashes, and dipped in vineger, stoppeth the blood. The corrupt blood that commeth out of the Lyuer of a Bucke-Goate is more effectuall and of a better operation, and the ashes of a Goates horne or dung soked in Wine or vineger [ 50] and annoint the Nostrils, stayeth bleeding at the Nose. Goates Horne being burned at the end, and the pieces or scorchinges that rise thereof, must be shaken into a new ves∣sell vntill the horne be quite consumed, then beate and bruise them with vineger made of Sea-onyons, and anoint the euill called Saint Anthonies fire, and it is of a miraculous operation.

It will make one sleepe that is troubled with the weakenesse of his head and watching, if it be layed vnder their pillow. It being mixed with bran and oyle of mirtle, it keepeth the haires fast that are falling off the head. The sauour of the Horne burned descrieth the falling sicknes, so doth the smell of the intrals of a Goat or the liuer eaten: likewise it raiseth vp a lethargick man. They vse also the hornes of Harts and Goats to make white the teeth and to fasten the gums. The same shorne or shauen into mixt Hony, represseth the fluxe of the belly: In the paine of the belly perfume the shauings of the same, mingled with oile & burned barly, the same perfume is good to be laid vpon the vlcers of horses. The hoofes of Goats are prescribed by Palladius to be burned for the driuing away of Serpentes, and the dust of them put into vineger cureth the Alopecias. The dust of their hoofes is good to [ 10] rub the teeth withall, also to driue away the swellings in the disease called S. Anthonies fire. Burne the foote of the Goate with the horne, and reserue the dust thereof in a boxe, and when you will vse it wette the place, first with Wine, and afterwardes cast on the pow∣der.

The iuyce of a goates head sod with haire, is commended for burstnesse in the belly, and the ancient Magicians gaue the braine of the goats to little infants against the falling sicknesse, but pressed through a golde ring, the same cureth carbunckles in the belly be∣ing taken with Hony.

If the body or head bee rubbed with that Water or meate which falleth out of the mouth of a goate, mingled with hony and salt they kill all kinde of Lice, and the same [ 20] thing giueth remedy to the paine of the belly, but if it be taken ouermuch it purgeth. The broath of the entrals to be gargarized in the mouth, cureth the exulceration of the toung and arteries.

The Lyuer of the Female-goate sodde and eaten is giuen against the falling euill, and taketh from the conuulsion, and with the liquor thereof, after it is sod it is good to annoint the pur-blinde eies, also it is good to holde the eyes open ouer it while it seetheth, and to receiue into them the fume, and the reason heerof is because that goats see as perfectly in the night as in the day time, and therefore Celsus saith, that this medi∣cine is most agreeable to them that cannot see at all in the night, as it hapneth to women whose monethly courses are stopped, and then it is good for them to annoint theyr eies [ 30] with the blood of a Goate, and eate the liuer sod or rosted. The pouder of the liuer burnd, purged and drunke in wine, cureth the collicke.

If a woman in trauell or with childe be swollen vp, let her take a Goats liuer rowled in warme ashes, and let her eat it in foure daies, and drinke old wine thereunto, so shall she be deliuered. The gall is contrary to all poysoned Witch-craft made vppon the rusticke Weasill, and if the Kings euill be dayly touched therewith at the beginning, it will keepe it from ouer-spreading, and with beaten Alum it disperseth scabs: The old Magicians wer wont to say, that when a man rubbed his eies when he lay down, and put it vnderneath his pillow, he should sleepe soundly, it driueth away scabbes in the head if it be mingled with fullers chaulke, so as the haires may dry alittle, and the same with Honey helpeth the eies, [ 40] according to the saying of Serenus:

Hybt aei mellis succi cum felle caprino Subueniunt oculis dira caligine pressis.

The Physitians in application heereof to the cure of eyes take many ways, and mix it with other drugs, as when they giue it against whitenesse in the eyes with Hellebore, againste wounds and pin and webs with wine, and against the broken tunicles with a womans milk, and therefore Rasis and Albertus do iustly call the gal of a goat an eie-salue, and also bee∣ing instilled into the eares when they are ful of paine, it cureth them, first mingling it with [ 50] a scruple of Hony in an earthen sheard, and so infusing it into the eare, and shutting it in with a little wooll.

Also all the paines in the eares are cured by the stalkes or iuyce of leekes, gall of Goats, and sweete water; and if there be any rupture in the eare then vse therewith a Womans milke, or warme oyle of roses: likewise against the cankers in the gums, and the Squinan∣cy it is profitable to vse it with Hony. For all tumors or swellings in the necke, take equall quantities of this gal, of Goose-grease, and the yolke of an Egge, and these being all ming∣led together let the offended place be rubbed therewith.

The same with the iuyce of Cyclamyne and a litle alum looseneth the belly, and Wool be∣ing well dipped therein and bound to the Nauell of the belly, expelleth the worms, it cu∣reth the faults in the seat by anointment, it hath also another vertue in it expressed by the [ 10] Poet in this verse;

Languidus antiquo purgatur penis Iaccho. Ac super illi nitur foecundae felle capellae.

The melt sod cureth the bloody-flixe, and the bladder burnt and giuen in posset drinke is good for them that cānot containe vrine in their sleepe, & the secunds of a female goat being drunk in wine of women after their deliuery, eiecteth & casteth forth their secunds also. The milke is many waies auaileable, for Demcerates the Physitian in the recouery of Confidia the daughter of Seruilius which had beene Consull, vsed the milke of Goats along [ 20] season which he fed with Lentiles: sea-crabs mixed with this milke, expelleth poyson, and the first milke of a Goat which is milked from her after the weaning of the Kid drunke by him that hath a quartane ague, easeth the fits thereof. And some of the ancient Phisitians gaue as much dunge of swallowes as will lie vpon three groats, mixed with this milke a∣gainst a quartane Ague, and when young lambes were sicke, the shepherds cured them by infusing into their chaps the milke of goates: the powder of Betony drunke out of Goates milke stayeth bleeding.

The holy fire is a disease of sheepe almost incurable, because if any remedy doe but touch them, they fall mad: but they onely in this Malady admit for the recreation or re∣medy goats milke. The roote of the greater Siler decocted in Goats milke; cureth those cold vstions in the flesh or belly, when the place looketh blacke or looseth sence: and [ 30] Aesculapius taught his followers and patients to drinke it against the ytche, or any biting, and if at any time there be any straine in any member of the body, so that the Article seemeth to decline and loose his former strength and humour, it is recouered againe by binding vnto it lyne-seede sod in Goates milke. Funerius aduiseth to wash the face there∣with that the beauty of it may be more splendant. Take seuen Sea-crabs and being beaten to powder mingle them with one pinte of Goates milke and a cup of Oyle, and so straine them diligently, and infuse them into a Horsses mouth which is sicke of the headache and it shal cure him.

The milke also by the counsell of Philistion with the iuyce of Cabages, Salt, and Ho∣ny, is giuen against the shortnesse of breath, and if the right eie of a Chamaelion be pulled [ 40] out of her aliue, and put into Goats milke, and applyed to the eyes, it cureth the whitnesse of the eies.

The fat of a Bull mixed with this milke and infused into the eares, cureth their mattery euils, and causeth them to heare more assuredly and fiermely. The gummes of children annoynted therewith, causeth their teeth to come forth with lesse paine, and it fasteneth the loose teeth by often rubbing: the corners in the throat, and the arteries are deliuered from exulcerations by gargarizing this milke, either warmed at the fire, or else as it com∣meth forth of the vdder.

The seede of Cresses decocted in this milke and drunke, easeth the paines in the sto∣mach, and also purgeth being mixed with salt and Hony. Marcellus prescribeth this ex∣cellent [ 50] purgation which shall neuer make the party sicke, that is a pinte of Goates milke, two ounces of salt Ammoniacke and one ounce of the best Mecis, beate them altogether and giue them to the patient fasting, and so let him walke a good while till the mdicine be wrought in his body, and if a woman be with child and oppressed with headache or haue an Ague, she may safely take this milke sod with Hony.

The Physitians make a speciall drinke of this milke, which they cal Schiston; it is sod in a new earthen pot, and hath put into it the branches of a fig-tree, and so many cuppes of sweet water, as there were pintes of milke, and when it boyleth, keepe it from seething o∣uer, by putting into it a siluer vessell with colde water, and being taken from the fire, de∣uide it into many vessels till it be cold, so the whay wil part from the milke: and some take the whay and seeth it againe till the third part be onely left, and afterward set it abroad in the Sunne to coole, and this may be safely drunke fiue dayes together (euery day a pint) at fiue seueral times, against the falling euil, melancholy, palsies in Leprosies, gowtes or paines in the Articles, and the sicknesse of the liuer, which is like to a plereusie. Or let him drinke the Goats milke, the third part thereof mingled with hony (as Hippocrates prescri∣beth) [ 10] or with the seed of Mathrum (as Serenus counselleth) in this verse:

—Stomacho medentur Semina Mathrifactae cum lacte capella.

A draught of Goats milke sodden with mallowes, and a little salt put to it, represseth the gripings of the belly, and if you put a little rennet vnto it, it wil be more profitable. Goats milk tempered with rennet, before it be altogether strained, while it is warme, it must be [ 20] giuen to those that haue the bloodie flix to drinke, and it will helpe them presently: put also to a good potion of sweet Wine mingled with goates milke, and a little rennet of a kid (as much as a nut kernell is) which being tempred with the hand, let it be giuen to the patient, laboring with the bloody flix, before it be strained, for the space of three daies. Let this drinke be giuen one that is fasting about the time he riseth, and being boyled, put sufficient Barly flower to it, and being in like manner like pap or pottage, you must giue it to the patient to drinke for the same disease.

Goats milke being sodden halfe away, may be giuen to those that haue the bloody flix. If they that be troubled with fretting of the guts, and the flix, are weakened by reason of their often going to the stoole.

The broath of a fat Henne sod with Butter or goats milke, or Sheepes, warmed by it [ 30] selfe, or else sod with Butter, is very good to be giuen vnto them. Take three ounces of Amylum, being a kind of meat, three moneths olde, into as much goats milke sod as you shall thinke fit, and so giue it the patient by svppository meanes for the bloody Flix. Ox∣en, Sheepes, or goats milke, staieth the exulcerations and flowings of the belly, so it bee sod on the coales, after the vse of glisters, if a mans secret inwards do abound with filth, but if not after the foments be laid to the roots and stocke of the yard, fresh goates milke must be applied about the measure Hemian and no lesse, but it must not be done altoge∣ther but a part. The next day let the milke seeth til the one halfe be diminished, still taking away that which is vpermost (I meane the skinne or froth that gathereth in setling) and so [ 40] vse it.

For the risings and flowings of the belly and the flix, it is very good to get cows milke or Goats, as is before mentioned of the Cow. Panicke being sod in goates milke, helpeth the belly, being taken twice a day, and so it is good for the fretting of the guts. Old bread tempered with goates milke, being giuen those that haue the fluxe in their belly twice a day, in manner of supping, it is a present helpe.

The iuyce of planted pease, soked with goats milke, helpeth the lask of the belly. The melt is good with goates milke, after one hath fasted two daies, let him drinke goats milke, that are fedde with Iuy, without any other kinde of meate, for three daies to∣gither. [ 50]

They that are troubled with the paine of the melt the best remedy is this: let milche goats be kept fasting three daies, and in the thirde day let him eate Iuie onely, and let them bee milked before they drinke, and let the fasting patient greeued about his melt, take three sextaries Warme of that milke, so soone as she is milked, and so

let him drinke it the space of three daies, during which time he shall not eat nor drinke a∣ny other meate, and it shall helpe him maruailously. He that hath the consumption of the Spleene, let him drinke the whay of Goats that are fed with Iuy. Goats milke also halfe sodden, so it be of them that feede on Iuy onely, it may bee giuen to children that are troubled with the paine in the melt. A drinke made of Goats milke and rennet put to it (as cheese is acustomed to be made) and giuen to those that haue the Dropsie, they shal be holpen. Also Goats milke killeth the wormes.

Those that are troubled with the greefe of the reynes, let him take three cups of Creti∣an sod in wine, and so much of Goats milk, and three and thirty grains of Cowcumber∣seed, [ 10] all wel bruised togither, which hee may drinke at one draught. Anatolius saith, that a porenger full of Goats milke, with as much Amylum, which is as much as three poren∣gers of Sheepes milke, and three ounces of oile, all which well tempered together must be giuen through a horne to a horsse that pisseth blood, and it wil remedy the same: and Polygonius saith, that goates milke and Amylum with three Egges and the iuyce of pellito∣ry, is good for the same disease in horses. The meale of Bettony soked out of Goats milk stayeth the blood dropping out of the paps. Phisitians do drink certaine medicines made of goats milke that increase Venus.

The men of Thessalia drinke another roote of a certaine hearbe (called Orchim) beeing softer and nothing inferior with Goats milke to stirre vp men to carnall copulation, and [ 20] they drinke the harder kind of roote so tempered to stay it. The roote Ragwort (as some call it) being giuen to women with childe, it maketh them that they cannot conceiue, be∣ing of watery condition: against which Goats milke soked with honey, is an excellent re∣medy.

If the hinder parts that are somewhat fleshy stand further out then the rest, and open, annoint them with Goates milke warmed. If any mans Sheepe be sicke, let him take Goates milke mingled with Wine, and so let him giue it them to drinke. If Lambes bee troubled with Agues or sicknesse, let goates milke bee giuen them thorough a horne.

Cheese made of goates milke is an excellent helpe for those that haue drunke Misel∣den. [ 30] For other bitings of beasts (besides that of a madde Dogge) goates cheese wel dri∣ed with wilde Margerom must be drunk. The same also is excellent against the sting∣ing of Serpentes; For all other bitinges and stinginges of lesser Beastes, it is also a ve∣ry good remedy. Being dryed out of Vineger and Honey, taketh away vlcers and bli∣sters.

This same cheese when it is new, so it bee wel pressed and no whay left in it, and mixed with honey, is most excellent against the quartan Ague. Goats cheese also represseth all dolors and punctions, and being soft and new, and made with hony, and couered with a wollen or linnen cloath, taketh awaie the puffing vp of the flesh. It being dryed with scalli∣ons, you may anoint Saint Antonies fire with it. Being dried out of Hony and Vineger, (when men do bath) without oile, it may be annointed on blacke wheales. That which is [ 40] fresh and well riuuated, being laid on the eies, it quicklie aswageth the paine. It is also ex∣ceeding good for the pricking of the eies, the greefe of the head and feete, it is also good for the dropping of the eyes, with a little warme Water applied vnto it, and if it bee a swelling of the eies then out of honey, either of which greefes is to bee kept warme with whay.

For the greefe of a mans yard, seeth goates cheese and honey, of a like quantity in a poulteise made in a new earthen pot, and so laid thereunto twice a day, but firste wash the place with old wine that is to be cured. It is good for Carbuncles, and if a woman be sicke of her wombe, and troubled with a Febre, let her take the fift part of halfe a Chaeuix, of Pet∣tispurge, [ 50] and so much nettle seede, and halfe a Chaeuix of goates cheese scraped, being tempered with old wine, and afterward being sodden let her sup it vp, and if she haue the Flix let her drinke the blacke wilde grape, and the rinde of a Pomegranat, and a nutkernel, and the rennet of a Bul, these being washed in blacke wine, goats cheese, and wheat-flower put them together.

The fime or dung of such females as liue in the Mountaines drunke in wine, cureth the falling euill; and in Galens time they gaue the trindles of Goats in Wine against the Iaun∣dise, and with the fime they annoynt them that haue the fluxe, and made into a poltesse is very helpfull against the Collicke: but Marcellus prepareth it on this manner: first it must be steeped in water and strained, with sixty graines of pepper, and three porringers of sweet water, and so deuide it into three equal potions to be drunke, in three seueral daies: but the body of the patient must be first washed or annointed with Acopus, so as all per∣frictions by sweate may be auoyded.

Aetius against the hardnesse of the Spleene prescribeth a plaister made of Goats dung, [ 10] barly meale, and the dung alone against all tumours or swellings of the melt. Against wa∣ter lying betwixt the skinne, and the skinne and the flesh this is prepared many waies, and first against the Dropsie, they seeth it in the vrine of a Boy which hath tasted of poyson, or in the Goates vrine, till it be as thicke that it will sticke and cleaue, and it will purge all by the belly, and also the shauings of hides which Corriers make, sod in vineger with Goates dung is accounted in England a singular medicine to represse all hydropick swel∣ling in the legs and belly.

The fime of Female-goates drunke in sweete water expelleth the stone out of the blad∣der. Against the paine in the hippes, the Arabians prescribe it in this manner, which they call adustion (betwixt the thumbe and the hand) there is a hollow place wherein they put Wooll diped in Oyle; afterward they set on fire little piles of Goates dung in the same [ 20] Wooll, and there let it burne till the fume and vapour thereof be sensibly felt in the hip∣bone: some vse to apply this to the fat, but in our time it is all out of vse, and yet seeing the paines of the hip doe rather fall into the thighes, shinnes and Legges, then assend vp into the Armes and shoulders, Aetius and Cornarius saye, that this adustion for the hips was vsed in the auncient time diuers waies, and some on this manner, holding the burning dung in a paire of tonges vnto the leg of that side where the paine lieth, vntill the adustion be felt in the hip, and this course vsed Dioscorides.

Quintillius vsed another way, which was this: he first of all heate the Goates dung, and therewithall burned the soft and fleshy part of the great toe, neare vnto the Naile, vntill it pierced to the sicke place; after such vstians, they lay beaten leaues of leekes with salt to [ 30] the place, but in the hard bodies of country men invred to labour, they apply the dung of goats with barly meale and vineger.

The same with Saffron and Goates sewet, applied to the gowt, healeth it, or else mu∣sterdseede, stalkes of Iuy, Bittony, or the flower of Wilde cowcumber, the same drunke with spikneard, or other spice, stirreth vp a womans flowers, and causeth easie deliue∣rance, but being beaten into meale and vineger and layed to a womans belly, with wooll and Frankcumcense, stayeth all fluxes and Issues: also little bals of the same with haires and the fat of a Sea-calfe wrought altogether and perfumed vnder a woman, hath the same effect, or else the Lyuer of a Sea-calfe and the shauings of Ceder wood.

Pliny affirmeth, that the midwiues of his time staied the greatest fluxe of the belly [ 40] by drinking the vrine of a Goat, and afterwardes anoynting it with the dung of a Horse that hath bruised his hoofe. Goats blood with vineger cureth the same, and if an Apletree haue worms in it, the dung of a Goate and the vrine of a man laied to the root driue them away.

The vrine of Goates blood drunke with vineger, resisteth the stinging of Serpents, and also being laid to bunches and swellings in the flesh, in what part soeuer they be, it disper∣seth and expelleth them. Against the stifnesse of the Necke which they call Opisthotonos, Take vrine of a Goate and the heades of scallions bruzed to iuyce, and infuse them into the eares; and the same mingled with the oyle of roses and a little Nytre, cureth the paine [ 50] in the eares by infusion, or by the smoke perfumed in a Goats horne twenty dayes toge∣ther.

Against naturall deafenesse take the horne of a Goate newly slaine, and fill it with the vrine and hang it vp nine daies in the smoke, and afterwards vse it. The vrine of a goate made warme, and instilled into the eares, and the fime annoynted with fat is good for the vaines of the throat. For the Dropsie drinke one spooenfull mingled with Cardus,

and warme it at the fire, also mingled with wine or water, it expelleth the stone in the blad∣der, according to the saying of Serenns:

Nec non obscaenus caprae: potabitur humor Obruat hic morbum tabefact aque saxa remittit.

The same Physitian prescribed Goats trindles to be drunke in wine against the Iandis, and to stay the fluxes of women, the same dung tied in a cloath about vnquiet children, e∣specially women-kind, maketh them more still, being mingled with wine, cureth the bi∣tings of vipers, and the dung taken out of the Goats belly and annointed vpon the sore, cureth it with all speede: the same vertue it hath to heale men wounded by Scorpions, [ 10] being decocted in Vineger it cureth also the biting of a mad Dog, mixed with honey and wine.

Being laid vpon a wound it keepeth it from swelling, it hath the same vertue mingled with Barley-meale, but healeth the kings euill, It is vsed also to ripen sores and ruptures, being applyed to the suppurations, it keepeth downe the swellings of womens brests, be∣ing first dried and then steeped in new wine, and so laide to the sore, for it disgesteth in∣flamation.

When the eyelids be thicke, hard, red, and bald, take goats dung and Mouse dung, of eyther a like quantity burned, and twice so much of the powder of the Graecian canes with honey Atticke, and anoint them therewith; being heate with Vineger and put vpon [ 20] the sore it cureth Tetters and Ring wormes, and disperseth Carbuncles in the belly: also being heated in Vineger with cow milke, oile of Cipres and Laurell, it purgeth and cu∣reth al wounds of the legs and shins, it pulleth out thorns or sharp pricks out of the body, as that learned Physitian Mytiae hath proued, as sheepes dung also doeth: laying it round about the wound it cureth burnings and draweth out heat, with oile of roses and Vineger (as Gallen writeth.)

It is also commended for broken ioynts, because it suffereth them not to swell or start out being once set, therefore it must be vsed with Honey and wine, and it hath the same ope∣ration for broken ribbes, for it openeth, draweth and healeth: also it being decocted with Vineger, it healeth the paines in the nerues although they be ready to rot, and easeth the paine in the ioynts: the fime of a fat Goat cureth the gout, and the contraction or shrin∣king [ 30] of the nerues; being dressed with Vineger and made as thick as Hony, it helpeth the trembling members. It is verie dry, and therefore (Arnoldus saith) it cureth the Fistula, making a plaister thereof with the meale of Beanes, Wine and Leigh, which hath beene seene wonderfully to drie vp the Fistula. With Oxymel and Vineger it cureth the Aleptius but it must be burned.

Take seauen bals of Goats dung, worke them in Vineger, then anoint your forehead therewith, and it easeth the paine in the head, or else mingle it with oile of roses, and spred it vpon a cloath laying it to your Temples, change it morning and euening, and you shal find great ease thereby.

[ 40] If the eies be swolne at any time, bind this dung vnto them: being mingled with Li∣quid pitch, and honey, healeth them which are sicke of the Quinansie, being gargarized in the mouth, he which is sicke of an olde Cough, let him take the dryed trindles and put them into the best wine, and drinke it off, so shall he presently auoid his fleame and filthy humor and be healed.

The remedies out of a wilde Goat.

The same vertue which are in the Goats before spoken of, do also belong to the wilde Goats, the blood taketh away bunches in the flesh, and being mingled with Sea-palme, causeth [ 50] the hair to fall off. An ointment made of the fat of Goates, is profitable to them which haue webs in their eies, and the fat of mountaine Goats, helpeth infected Lightes: His liuer broiled vpon coales and taken alone, helpeth the Flix, but most certainely when it is dried and drunke in wine: the gawle is good for many things, especially it is a Trea∣cle against poison, suffusions, whitnesse and blindnesse of the eies, by annointing, it cu∣reth

the purblind and the webs in the eie, and generally it hath the same properties in e∣uery part as the tame goats before spoken of.

The like may be said of the Kyds or young goats, and first of all a Kyd being slit assun∣der aliue, and his warme flesh laide to a poisoned wound, doeth most assuredly heale the same. Others take the warm flesh of kyds and perfume them with hair, by the sauor where∣of they driue away Serpents: the skinne newly pulled off, and put vppon the body beaten with stripes, taketh away their paine: others againe vse it against the Crampe, and not without reason, for the tender skinnes of Lambes and Goates, being sprinkled or dip∣ped in Warme Oyle, giueth very much strength and patience, to endure the convul∣tion. [ 10]

Praxagoras prescribeth the flesh against the falling euil, and by gargarizing the broath when it was sod, cureth the Quinsie and sorenesse of the throat. Demetrius saith, that the braine being drawne thorough a gold ring and giuen to a Hawke which hath the fallinge sicknes, it will worke admirably vpon her. The blood being dried and decocted with mar∣row, is good against all intoxicat passions and being mingled with sharpe Vineger before it be congealed, it helpeth the spitting of blood: the same being eaten, cureth all kinde of Flixes, being taken three daies together. Gallen rehearseth in the Antidot of Vrbane, a∣mong other things the blood of Kyds to draw the deade young ones out of the dammes belly.

With the fatte there is an ointment made with rose water, to heale the fissures of the [ 20] lippes and nose, which is much desired of women, not onely for the before rehearsed vir∣tue, but also because by annointing they keepe by it their face from Sunne-burning. The French and Italians call it (Pomato) because it smelleth like Apples, they put also into it muske and Rose-water, a pound of kyds sewet, and warme it in a Bath vntill all bee white, and so wash it with the saide rose water, and afterward repose it in a glasse: The ointment which is caled (Vnguentum album) is like vnto it: the ashes of the thighes of a kyd, healeth burstnes and stancheth blood: the rennet is also commendable against Hemlocke, or toad-stoole, and against al the poisonfull strokes of Sea-beasts; Being drunke in Wine it stayeth bleeding, and refresheth excreations of bloode; being taken with Vineger it hel∣peth also the flix, being drunk fasting, it hath some operation to stay womens flowers. The [ 30] lights of a kydde sod and eaten fasting, preserueth from drunkennesse that day, and the powder of it burned, easeth the itching of the eies, and pield eyelids, if it be applyed like Stibium: likewise the bladder of a female kyd drunke in powder, helpeth the inconstancy of vrine: the melt laide vppon the Spleene of an infant asswageth the paine and tumors thereof; the liuer is not fit for temperate men, but for weake colliricke men.

The inhabitants of the mount Atlas do gather Euforbium, and corrupt it with Kyddes milke, but it is discerned by fire; for the good Euforbium being burned, yeeldeth an vn∣acceptable sauor, and so we conclude this storie, with the two Emblems of Altiatus. One against them that take much paine and make good beginninges but euell endes, like [ 40] a goat which giueth a good messe of milke and ouerturneth it with hir foot:

Quod fine egregios turpi muculaueris orsus Innoxamque tuum verteris officium Fecisti quod Capra sui mulctraria lactis Cum ferit & proprias calce pro fundit opes.

The other Emblem is vpon a Goat, the which by her keeper was constrained to giue a young wolfe suck, who afterward notwithstanding that good turn, deuoureth his nurse: and it maie be applied vnto them which nourish their owne harmes, and saue a theef from the gallowes.

Capra lupum non sponte meo nunc vbere lacto Quod male pastoris prouida cura iubet [ 50] Ceruerit ille simul mea me post vbere pascit Improbitas nullo flectitur obsequio.

There is a prettie comparison of a Harlottes loue to a fisherman which putteth vpon him a goats skin with the hornes, to deceiue the Sargus-fish, for that fish loueth a goat aboue all other creatures, and therefore the fisher-man beguileth her with a false appearance, as the flattering loue of Harlots do simple minds by fained protestations.

Notes

• The seueral names.
• Artumnus.
• Their seue∣rall partt.
• The epithets of Goats.
• The veneri∣ous dispositi∣on of Goats.
• Aelianus
• Columella
• Coelius
• A memorable story of the punishment of buggery.
• Coelius. Strabo
• The lust of the females and their co∣pulation.
• Meanes to stir vp the goats to co∣pulation.
• Aelianus.
• Florent••uus The time of their going with young.
• The multipli¦cation of young Kids.
• Aelianus.
• Aristotle
• Aristotle
• The time of their young bearing.
• The strong smell or ••a∣uor of a goat. In Mercat.
• Plutarch.
• A secret in female goats.
• Aelianus
• The descrip∣on of goates and th••ir best properties.
• Lorentius
• The seuerall kinds of got•• Albertus.
• Aelianus Pliny.
• Orthagorus Aristotle
• Naxvs Aelianus
• Of the Cilici¦ā cloth made of goats hair.
• Bellnu.
• Of the Mem∣brin or Syri∣an goates.
• Albertus. How Goates ••••ke breath, Varro
• The quicke sence of hea∣••ing.
• 〈…〉〈…〉. Mind.
• The vse of ••••••ir seuerall 〈◊〉〈◊〉.
• Suida••. Ʋar••••us
• 〈◊〉〈◊〉.
• Plinyus
• The milke of Goates.
• To increase Goats milke Albertus
• A secret in the milke of Goates. Myrepsus
• Hermolaus
• Agio••hus.
• Of the flesh of Goats.
• Aegineta.
• Albertus.
• Textor.
• Pliny. Hermolaus. Pausanius
• Pallagdius.
• Archa••hines.
• Varinus
• Aristotle.
• Constantinus
• Aelianus.
• Dioscorides
• Pliny.
• Horus
• Aelianus
• Aristotle. Myndius.
• Aelianus.
• Columella.
• Florentinus.
• Quintilius.
• Coelius.
• Aelianus.
• Pliny.
• Probus
• Gyraldus
• Varro
• Albertus.
• Plinyus
• Of the name
• Varinus
• Aelianu••▪
• A••atolius Varro
• Palladius
• Albertus
• Arnoldus
• Plinyus The medi∣cines arising out of male Goates.
• Sextus.
• Pliny
• Sextus
• Dioscorides
• Aetius.
• Marcellus
• Albertus.
• Pliny
• Dioscorides.
• Marcellus
• Columella
• Rasis
• Galen.
• Myrepsus
• Marcellus
• Galen.
• Herodotus.
• Pliny.
• Pliny.
• Marcellus
• Pliny.
• Marcellus.
• Marcellus.
• Pliny
• Coelius Aureliaenus
• Aesculapius Sextus
• Gallen
• Marcellus. Sextus.
• Pliny.
• Marcellus
• Plinyus.
• Hippocrates
• Sextus Coelius.
• Marcellus
• Discorides
• Pliny.
• Marcellinus
• Galen.
• Aetius.
• Pliny.
• Gallen
• Collumella
• Pliny.
• Aesculapius
• Dioscorides
• Mar••illus
• Dioscorides
• Pliny.
• Pliny.
• Marcellus
• Pliny
• Pliny.
• Sextus.
• Plinius
• Gallen
• Plinius
• ••••••ius
• Galen. Dioscorides
• Trallianus
• Pliny.
• Marcellus.
• Marcellus.
• Marcellus
• Sextus
• Plinius
• Columella
• Plinius
• Plinyus Marcellus
• Hippocrates
• Plinius
• Marcellus
• Marcellus.
• Plinius
• Marcellus
• Dioscorides
• Aeti••s.
• Plnyus
• Pliny
• Marcellus
• Aesculapius
• Sextus.
• Amitolins.
• Pelagonius.
• Pliny.
• Marcellus.
• Sextus
• Innominatus
• Collumella
• Serenus.
• Pliny.
• Aesculapius Pliny
• Pliny.
• Discorides
• Archigenes
• Plinea
• Vegetius Anatolius
• Gallus