A suruay of London Contayning the originall, antiquity, increase, moderne estate, and description of that citie, written in the yeare 1598. by Iohn Stow citizen of London. Also an apologie (or defence) against the opinion of some men, concerning that citie, the greatnesse thereof. With an appendix, containing in Latine, Libellum de situ & nobilitate Londini: written by William Fitzstephen, in the raigne of Henry the second.

A Suruay of London, conteyning the o∣riginall, antiquitie, increase, moderne estate, and description of that Cittie.

AS Rome the chiefe Citie of the world to glorifie it selfe, drew her originall from the Gods, Goddesses, and demy Gods, by the Troian progeny. So this famous Citie of London for greater glorie, and in emu∣lation of Rome, deriueth it selfe from the very same originall. For (as Ieffery of Monmoth,* 1.1 the Welche Historian repor∣teth Brute descended from the demy god Eneas, the sonne of Ve∣nus, daughter of Iupiter, aboute the yeare of the world 2855. the yeare before Christes natiuitie, 1108. builded a Citie neare vn∣to a riuer now called Thames, and named it Troynouant. or Tre∣nouant.* 1.2

King Lud afterwarde not onely repayred this Cittie, but also added fayre buildings, Towres, and wals, and called it after his owne name Caire-Lud* 1.3 or Luds towne, and the strong gate which he builded in the west part of the Cittie, hée likewise for his owne honor named it Ludgate.

This Lud had issue two sons, Androgeus, and Themantius, who being not of age to gouerne at the death of their Father: their Unckle Cassibilan, tooke vpon him the crowne, about the eight yeare of whose raigne, Iulius Cesar ariued in this land with a greate power of Romains to conquer it, the manner of which con∣quest I will summarily set down out of his own Commentaries, which are of farre better credit, then the relations of Geffery Monmouth.* 1.4

The chiefe gouernement of the Britons, and ordering of the warres, was then by common aduice committed to Cassibilan, whose Signiorie was seperated from the Cities towardes the sea coast, by the riuer called Thames, about fourescore miles from the sea, this Cassibilan in times past, had made continuall warre vpon the Cities adioyning, but the Britons being moued with

the Romaines inuasion, had resolued in that necessitie to make him their Soueraigne and Generall of the warres (which continued hot betwéene the Romains and them) but in the meane while, the Trinobantes* 1.5 which was then the strongest Cittie well neare of al those countries (and out of which Citie a young gentleman cal∣led Mandubrace, vpon confidence of Celars helpe, came vnto him into the maine land of Gallia now called France, and thereby es∣caped death, which he should haue suffered at Cassibilans hande,) sent their Ambassadors to Cesar, promising to yeeld vnto him, and to doe what he should commande them, instantly desiring him, to protect Mandubrace from the furious tirannie of Cassibilan, and to send him into their Cittie, with authority to take the gouern∣ment thereof vpon him. Cesar accepted the offer, and appointed them to geue vnto him 40. Hostages, and withall to finde him graine for his army, and so sent he Mandubrace* 1.6 vnto them.

When others saw that Cesar had not onelie defended the Tri∣nobantes against Cassibilan, but had also saued them harmeles from the pillage of his own souldiers, then did the Conimagues, Se¦gontians, Ancalits, Bibrokes, and Cassians, likewise submit themselues vnto him, and by them he learned that not farre from thence was Cassibilans towne,* 1.7 fortified with woods, and marish ground, into the which hee had gathered a greate number both of men and cattell.

For the Brittons call that a town (saith Cesar) when they haue fortified a combarsom wood with a ditch and rampire, and the∣ther they resorte to abide the approach of their ennemies, to this place therefore marched Cesar, with his Legions, hee founde it ex∣cellent••ie fortified both of nature, and by mans aduice: neuerthe∣lesse he resolued to assault it in two seuerall places at once, where∣upon the Brittons being not able to endure the force of the Ro∣maines, fled out at an other parte, and left the towne vnto him: a greate number of cattell he found there, and many of the Britons he slew, and other he tooke in the chase.

Whilst these thinges were a doing in these quarters, Cassibi∣lan sent messengers into Kent, which lieth vpon the sea, in which there raigned then 4. particular kinges, named Cingetorix, Car∣••il, Taximagul, and Segonax, whome he commanded to raise all

their forces, and suddenly to set vppon, and assault the Romaines, in their trenches, by the sea side: the which when the Romaines perceiued, they salied out vpon them, slew a greate sorte of them, and taking Cingetorix their noble Captaine prisoner, retired themselues to their Campe in good safety.

When Cassibilan harde of this, and had formerly taken many other losses, and found his countrie sore wasted, and himselfe left almost alone by the defection of the other Cities, he sent Ambassa∣dors by Connius of Arras, to Cesar, to entreate with him, concer∣ning his own submission, the which Cesar did accept, and taking Hostages, assessed the Realme of Britaine,* 1.8 to a yearely tribute, to be payed to the people of Rome, giuing straight charge to Cas∣sibilan, that he should not séeke any reuenge vpon Mandubrace or the Trinobantes, and so withdrew his armie to the sea againe.

Thus farre out of Cesars Commentaries concerning this Hi∣storie, which happened in the yeare before Christes natiuitie 54. in all which processe there is for this purpose to bee noted, that Cesar nameth the Citie of Trinobantes, which hath a resem∣blance with Troy noua or Trinobantum, which hath no greater difference in the Orthographie, then changing b. into v. and yet maketh an error which I will not argue, onely this I will note that diuers learned men do not thinke ciuitas Trinobantum* 1.9 to be well and truely translated, the Citie of the Trinobantes: but it should rather be the state, comonalty, or Signiory, of the Trino¦bantes: for that Cesar in his Comentaries vseth the worde ciui∣tas, onely for a people liuing vnder one, and the selfe same Prince and law but certaine it is that the Cities of the Britaines,* 1.10 were in those daies neither artificially builded with houses, nor strongly walled with stone, but were onely thicke and combarsom woodes plashed within and trenched aboute: and the like in effect do other the Romaine and Greeke autors directly affirme, as Strabo Pomponius Mela, and Dion* 1.11 a Senator of Rome, which flourish∣ed in the seuerall raignes of the Romaine Emperours, Tiberius Claudius, Domitian, and Seuerus, to wit that before the ariuall of the Romains, the Britons had no townes but called that a town which had a thicke intangled wood, defended as I saide with a ditch and banke, the like whereof the Irishmen our next neighbors

doe at this day call Paces, but after that these hether partes of Britaine were reduced into the forme of a Prouince by the Ro∣maines, who sowed the seedes of ciuilit••e ouer all Europe, this Citie whatsoeuer it was before, began to bee renowned, and of fame.

For Tacitus, who first of all Autors nameth it Londinum, sayth that in the 62. after Christ it was albeit, no Colonie of the Romaines, yet most famous* 1.12 for the greate multitude of Mar∣chantes, prouision, and intercourse. At which time in that notable reuolte of the B••itons from Nero, in which 70000. Romaines & their leager fellowes were slaine, this Citie with Verulam nere S. Albons, and Maldon, then all famous: were ransacked and spoiled.

For Suetonius Paulinus then Lieftennant for the Romaines in this Isle, abandoned it: as not then forseyied, and left it to the spoile.

Shortly after, Iulius Agricola, the Romaine Liefetennant, in the time of Domitian, was the first that by adhorting the Bri∣taines,* 1.13 publikely, and helping them priuately, wun them to builde houses for themselues, temples for the Gods, and courtes for Iu∣stice, to bring vp the noblemens children in good letters and hu∣manity, and to apparrell themselues Romaine like, whereas be∣fore (for the most parte) they went naked, painting their bodies &c. as all the Romaine writers haue obserued.* 1.14

True it is I confesse, that afterwarde many Cities and Towns in Britaine vnder the gouernement of the Romaines, were wal∣led with stone, & baked bricks, or tyles, as Richborrow, or Rypta∣cester, in the Isle of Thanet, til the channell altered his course, be∣sides Sandwitch, in Kent, Verulamium* 1.15 besides S. Albones, in Hartfordshire, Cilcester, in Hampshire, Roxcester in Shrop shire, Kenchester in Herefordshire, thrée miles from Hereford towne, Ribchester, 7. miles aboue Preston, on the water of Rib∣le, Aldeburge a mile from Borrowbridge, or Wathelingstreet, on Vre Riuer and others, & no doubt but this our Citie of Lon∣don, was also walled with stone, in the time of the Romaine go∣uernement here, but yet very lately, for it seemeth not to haue beene walled in the yeare of our Lorde 296. because in that yeare

when Alectus the Tyran was slaine in the field, the Frankes ea∣sily entred London, and had sacked the same, had not God of his greate fauour, at the very instant brought along the riuer of Tha∣mes, certaine bandes of Romaine Souldiers, who slew those Frankes in euerie streete of the Cittie.

In few yeares after, as Simeon of Durham,* 1.16 an ancient wri∣ter reporteth, Hellen the mother of Constantine the greate, was the first that inwalled it aboute the yeare of Christ 306. howsoe∣uer those wals of stone might be builded by Helen, yet the Bri••ōs, (I know) had no skil of building with stone, as it may appeare by that, which followeth about the yere after Christ, 399, when Ar∣cadius & Honorius the sonnes of Theodosius Magnus, gouerned the Empire, the one in the East, the other in the West, for Ho∣norius hauing receiued Britaine, the Citie of Rome was inuaded and destroyed, by the Gathes after which time the Romaines left* 1.17 to rule in Britaine, as being, imployed in defence of their Ter∣ritories nerer home, whereupon the Britains not able to defende themselues against the inuasions of their enemies, were many yeres together vnder the oppression of two most cruell nations, the Scots and Pictes,* 1.18 and at the length were forced to send their Ambassadors with letters and lamentable supplications, to come, requiring aide and succour from thence, vpon promise of their con∣tinuall fealtie, so that the Romaines woulde rescue them out of the handes of their ennemies. Hereupon the Romaines sent vnto them a Legion of armed Souldiers, which comming into this I∣land, and incountering with the ennemies, ouerthrew a great number of them, and draue the rest out of the frontiers of the countrie, and so setting the Britaines at liberty, counselled them to make a wall, extending all along betwéene the twoo seas, which might be of force to kéepe out their euill neighbours, and then re∣turned home with greate triumph: But the Britaines* 1.19 wanting Masons builded that wall not of stone as they were aduised, but made it of turfe, and that so slender, that it serued litle or nothing at al for their defence: and the ennemie perceiuing that the Ro∣maine Legiō was returned home, forthwith arriued, out of their boates, inuaded the borders, ouercame the countrie, and as it were, bare down al that was before them.

Whereupon Ambassadors were eftsoones dispatched to Rome, lamentably beseeching that they woulde not suffer their miserable countrey to be vtterly destroyed: then againe an other Legion was sent, which comming vpon a suddaine, made a greate slaugh∣ter of the ennemie, and chased him home, euen vnto his own coun∣try. These Romaines at their departure, tolde the Britaines plainely, that it was not for their ease or leasure to take vpon them any more such long and laborious iournyes for their defence, and therefore ••ad them practise the vse of armour and weapons, and learne to withstand their ennemies, whome nothing else did make so strong as their faint hart, and cowardise, and for so much as they thought that it would be no small helpe and encouragement vnto their Tributary frendes whom they were now forced to for∣sake,* 1.20 they builded for them a wall of harde stone from the west sea to the east sea, right betwéene those two Cities, which were there made to kéepe out the ennemies, in the selfe same place where Seuerus before had cast his Trench.* 1.21 The Britaines al∣so putting to their helping handes as laborers.

This wall they builded 8. foote thicke in breadth, and 12. foote in height, right as it were by a lyne, from east to west, as the ru∣ines thereof remaining in many places til this day, do make to ap∣peare. Which worke thus perfected, they giue the people straight charge to looke well to themselues, they teach them to handle their weapons, and they instruct them in warlike feates. And lest by the sea side southwardes, where their ships lay at harbor, the ennemie should come on land, they made vp sundrie Bulwarkes each some what distant from the other, and so bid them farewell as minding no more to returne. This happened in the daies of the Emperour Theodosius the younger almost 500. yeares af∣ter the first ariuall of the Romaines here, aboute the yeare after Christes incarnation, 434.

The Britaines after this, continuing a lingering & doubtful war with the Scots and Pictes, made choice of Vortiger, to bee their king and leader, which man (as sayth Malmesbery,* 1.22) was neither valorous of courage, nor wise of counsell, but wholy giuen ouer to the vnlawful lusts of his flesh: the people likewise in short time, being growne to some quietnes gaue themselues to gluttony,* 1.23 and

drunkennes, pride, contention, enuie, and such other vices, casting from them the yoke of Christ. In the meane season a bitter plague fell among them, consuming in short time such a multitude, that the quicke were not sufficient to bury the deade, and yet the rem∣nant remayned so hardened in sinne, that neither the death of their frendes nor feare of their owne daunger, could cure the mortality of their soules, whereupon a greater stroke of vengeance insued vpon the whole sinfull nation.* 1.24 For being now againe infested with their old neighbors the Scots, and Pictes, they consult with their king Vortiger, and send for the Saxons, who shortly after ariued here in Britaine, where saith Bede,* 1.25 they were receiued as frends: but as it proued they minded to destroy the countrie as ennemies for after that they had driuen out the Scots and Pictes, they also draue the Britaines some ouer the seas, and some into the waste mountaines of Wales and Cornewell, and deuided the countrie into diuers kingdomes amongst themselues.* 1.26

These Saxons were likewise ignorant of the Architecture or building with stone,* 1.27 vntill the yere of Christ 680. for then it is af∣firmed that Bennet Abbote of Wirall, Maister to the reuerend Bede, first brought Masons and Workemen in stone into this Iland amongst the Saxons,* 1.28 (he I say) brought hyther Artificers of stone houses, Paynters and Glasiers, artes before that time vnto the Saxons vnknowne, who before that time vsed but wodden buildinges.

Thus much be sayed for walling, not onely in respect of this Ci∣ty, but generally also of the first, within the Realme. Now to returne to our Trinouant,* 1.29 (as Cesar hath it) the same is since by Tacitus, Ptolomeus, and Antoninus called Londinium, Longi∣dinum, of Amiamus, Lundinum, and Augusta who calleth it an auncient Citie of our Britaines Lundayne, of the olde Saxons, Lundonceaster, Londonbeig, of strangers, Londra and Lon∣dres, of the inhabitants, London, whereof you may reade a more large and learned discourse, and how it tooke the name in that worke of my louing frend M. Camden* 1.30 now Clarenciaulx which is called Britania.

This Citie of London hauing beene destroyed and bren •• by the Danes and other Pagan ennemies about the yere of Christ,

839. was by Alfred king of the west Saxons, in the yere 886 re∣payred and honorably restored, and made againe habitable. Who also committed the custody thereof vnto his sonne in law, Ethelrod Earle of Merci••, vnto whome before hee had giuen his daughter Ethe••fled.

And that this Citie was strongly walled, may appeare by di∣uers accidents, whereof I haue read some, namely William of Malsmebery,* 1.31 hath that about the yeare of Christ, 994. the Lon∣doners, shut vp their gates and defended their king Ethelrod, within their wals against the Danes, in the yeare 1016. Ed∣mōd ••ronside raigning ouer the west Saxons Canute the Dane bringing his nauie into the west part of the bridge, cast a Trench aboute the Citie of London, and then attempted to haue won it by assault, but the Citizens repulsed him and draue him from their wals. Also in the yeare 1052. Earle Godwin with his nauie sayled vp by the south ende of the bridge, and so assailed the wals of this Citie, & Wiliam Fitzstephen* 1.32 writing in the raigne of king Henry the second, of the wals of this Citie, hath these words. The wal is high and great, well towred on the Northside with due distances betweene the towers. On the southside also the Citie was walled and towred, but the fishful riuer of Thames with his ebbing, and flowing hath long since subuerted them.

This may suffice for proofe of a wall, and forme thereof, about this Citie, and the same to haue béene of greate antiquity, as any other within this Realme, and now touching the maintenance & repayring the saide wals, I finde that in the yere 1215, the 16. of King Iohn, the Barons entring the Citie by Ealdgate,* 1.33 first tooke assurance of the Citizens, and then they brake into the hou∣ses of the Iewes, and searched their coffers, and after with greate diligence repayred the wals, and the gates of the Citie of London with stone, taken from the Iewes broken houses. In the yeare 1257. Henry the 3. caused the wals of the Citie of London, which were sore deca••ed and destitute of Towers, to be repayred in more seemely wise then before, at the common charges of the Citie. Al∣so in the yeare 1282.* 1.34 King Edward the first granted to H. VVal∣leis Maior, and the Citizens of London, the fauour, to take to∣ward the making of the wall, and inclosure of the Citie, certaine customes, as appeareth by his grante. This wal was then to be

made from Ludgate to Fleete bridge, and along by the water of Fleete, vnto the riuer of Thames. Moreouer in the yere 1310. Edward the 2. commanded the Citizens to make vp the wal alre∣dy begunne, and the Tower, at the ende of the same wall, within the water of Thames neare vnto the blacke Fryers &c. It was also granted by king Richard the socond in the 10. of his raign that a Toll shoulde be taken of wares, solde by lande and by water for 10. yeares, towardes the repayring of the wals and clensing of the ditch aboute London. In the 17. of Edward the 4. Ralfe Ioceline, Mayor, caused parte of the wall aboute the Citie of London,* 1.35 to be rapayred, to wit, betwixt Aldgate and Aldersgate he also caused the Morefielde to bee searched for clay, and willed bricke to be made, and brent there, he likewise caused chalke to bee brought out of Kent and to be brent into lime in the same More∣field, for more furtherance of the worke. Then the Skinners, to begin in the East, made that parte of the wall, betwixt Al∣gate and Buries marke towardes Bishopsgate, as may appeare by their armes in thrée places fixed there, the Mayor with his cō∣pany of the Drapers made all that part, betwixt Bishopsgate & Alhallowes Church in the same, and from Alhallowes towards the Posterne. A great part of the same wal called Moregate was repayred by the executors of Sir Iohn Crosby, late Alderman, as may appeare by his Armes, standing in two places there. Other Companies repayred the rest of the wal to the Posterne of Criple∣gate. The Goldsmiths repayred frō Criplegate, towards Aldersgate, & there the work ceased. The circuite of the wall* 1.36 of London on the landes side, to wit from the tower of London in the east, vnto Aldgate, is 82. perches: from Aldgate to Bishopsgate, 86. perches: from Bishopsgate in the north to the Postern of Criple∣gate 162 perches, from Criplegate to Ealdersgate 75. perches, from Eldrichgate to Newgate, 66. perches, from Newgate in the west to Ludgate, 42. perches, in all 513. perches of assize. From Ludgate againe to the Fleete dike, west, about 60. perches: from Fleete bridge south to the riuer of Thames, aboute 70. perches, and so the totall of these perches amounteth to 643. euery perch, consisting of 5. yeardes and a halfe, which do yeelde 3536. yardes and a halfe, conteyning 10608 foote, which make vp two eng∣lish miles and more by 608. foote.

Of the Auncient and Present Riuers, Brooks, Boorns, Pooles, wels, and Conduites of fresh water, seruing the Citie, as also of the ditch, compassing the wall of the same.

AUnciently vntill the Conquerors time, and 200. yeres after, the Citie of London was watered be∣sides the famous Riuer of Thames, on the South part, with the riuer of the wels, as it was then cal∣led on the west, with a water called walbrooke, runing through the middest of the Citie into the riuer of Thames seruing the hart thereof. And with a fourth water or Boorne, which ran within the Citie, through Langboorne warde, wate∣ring that parte in the East. In the west Suburbes was also an o∣ther greate water, called Oldborne, which had his fall into the Riuer of wels: then was there 3. principall Fountaines, or wels in the other Suburbes, to wit Holly well, Clements well, and Clarkes wel. Neare vnto this last named fountaine, were diuers other wels, to wit Skinners well, Fags well, Tede well, Leders well, and Radwell. In west Smithfield there was a Poole, in recordes called Horsepoole, And one other Poole neare vnto the parish Church of S. Giles without Criplegate. Besides all which they had in euery streete and lane of the City diuers fayre wels, and fresh springes: and after this manner was this Citie then serued, with sweete & fresh waters, which being since decayed, other meanes haue beene sought to supply the want, as shall bee shewed, but first of the aforenamed Riuers and other waters, is to be said, as followeth.

Thames* 1.37 the most famous Riuer of this Iland, beginneth a little aboue a village called winchcombe in Oxfordshire, and still in∣creasing passeth first by the vniuersitie of Oxford, and so with a maruelous quiet course to London, and thence breaketh into the French Ocean by maine tides, which twise in 24. howers space doeth eb and flow, more then 60. miles in length, to the great

commodity of Trauellers, by the which all kinde of Marchandise be easily conueyed to London, the principall store house, and sta∣ple of all Commodities within this Realme: so that omitting to sp••ake of greate ships, and other vessels of burden, there perteyneth to the Cities of London, westminster and Burrough of South∣warke aboue the number as is supposed of 2000. Wherryes and other small boates, whereby 3000. poore men at the least bee set on worke and maintained.

That the Riuer of the wels* 1.38 in the west parte of the Citie, was of old time so called: it may be prooued thus, william the Conquer∣or in his Charter, to the Colledg of S. Martin, le Grand in Lon∣don, hath these wordes: I do geue and grant to the same church all the land and the Moore, without the Posterne, which is called Criplegate, on eyther parte of the Posterne, that is to say, from the North corner of the wal, as the ryuer of the wels, there neare running departeth the same More from the wal, vnto the runing water which entreth the Cittie, this water hath beene since that time called Turnemill Brooke: yet then called the riuer of the Wels, which name of Ryuer continued: and it was so called in the raign of Edwarde the first: as shalbe shewed, with also the decay of the saide riuer,* 1.39 in a fayre booke of Parliament recordes,* 1.40 now lately restored to the Tower, it appeareth that a par••iament being holden at Carlile in the yere 1307, the 35. of Edwarde the first, Henry Lacy Earle of Lincolne, complayned that whereas in times past the course of water, running at London, vnder Olde∣borne bridge, and Fleete bridge into the Thames, had beene of such bredth and depth, that 10. or 12. Shippes, Nauies, at once with Marchandizes, were wont to come to the foresaide bridge of Fleete, and some of them to Oldborne bridge:* 1.41 now the same course by filth of the Tanners and such others, was sore decayed: ••so by raising of wharses, but specially by a diuersion of the wa∣ter made by them of the new Temple, for their milles standing without Baynardes Castle, in the first yeare of King Iohn,* 1.42 and diuers other impedimentes, so as the saide ships could not enter as they were wont, and as they ought, wherefore he desired that the Mayor of London with the Sheriffes, and other discrete Alder∣men, might be appointed to view the course of the saide water, and

that by the othes of good men, all the aforesaide hinderances might be remoued, and it to be made as it was wont of olde: whereupon Roger le Brabason, the Constable of the Tower, with the May∣or and Sheriffes were assigned to take with them honest and dis∣crete men, and to make diligent search & inquiry, how the said ry∣uer was in ••lde time, and that they leaue nothing that may hurt or stop it, but keepe it in the same estate, that it was wont to bee: so farre the recorde. Whereupon it followed that the saide riuer,* 1.43 was at that time clensed, these mils remoued, and other thinges done for the preseruation of the course thereof, notwithstanding neuer brought to the old depth, and breadth, whereupon the name of riuer ceased, and it was since called a Brooke, namely Turn∣mil or Tremill Brooke,* 1.44 for that diuers mils were erected vpon it, as appeareth by a fayre Register booke, conteyning the foun∣dation of the Priorie at Clarken wel, and donation of the landes, thereunto belonging, as also by diuers other recordes.

This brooke hath beene diuers times since clensed, namely and last of all to any effect. In the yeare 1502. the 17. of Henry the 7. the whole course of Fleete dike, then so called was scow∣red (I say) down to the Thames, so that boates with fish and few∣ell were rowed to Fleete bridge and to Oldborne bridge, as they of olde time had beene accustomed, which was a great com∣modity to all the inhabitantes in that part of the City.

In the yeare 1589. was granted a fifteene, by a common Councell of the Cittie, for the clensing of this Brooke or dike and the money amounting to a thousand markes was collected,* 1.45 and it was vndertaken that by drawing diuers springes about Hamp∣stid hea••h, into one head and course, both the Citie should be ser∣ued of fresh water, in all places of want, and also that by such a follower, as men call it the channell of this brooke shoulde bee scowred into the Ryuer of Thames, but much money being ther∣in spent, she effect fayled, so that the brookes by meanes of conti∣nuall incrochments vpon the banks gyttying ouer the water, and casting of soilage into the streame, is now become worse cloy∣ed and choken then euer it was before.

The running water so called* 1.46 by William the Conqueror in his saide Charter, which entreth the Citie &c. before there was

any ditch betwéene Bishopsgate and the late made Posterne cal∣led Moregate, entred the wal and was truely of the wall called Walbrooke not of Gualo as some haue farre fetched: it ranne through the Citie with diuers windinges from the North to∣wardes the South into the riuer of Thames, and had ouer the same diuers Bridges, along the Streetes and Lanes, through which it passed. I haue read in an olde writing booke intituled the customes* 1.47 of London, that the Prior of the Holy Trinity within Aldgate ought to make ouer VValbrooke in the ward of B••ed∣streete, against the stone wall of the Citie, vz. the same Bridge that is next the Church of Al Saintes, at the wall. Also that the Prior of the new Hospitall, S. Marie Spittle, without Bishops∣gate ought to make the middle parte of one other Bridge next to the saide Bridge towardes the North: And that in the 28. yeare of Edwarde the first, it was by inquisition found before the Ma∣ior of London that the parish of S. Stephen vppon walbrooke, ought of right to couer the course of the saide Brooke, and there∣fore the Shieriffes were commanded to distrayne the saide Pari∣shioners so to doe in the yeare 1300. the keepers of those Bridges at that time were VVilliam Iordan, and Iohn de Bauer. This watercourse hauing diuers Bridges, was afterwardes v••ulted o∣uer with Bricke, and paued leuill with the streetes and lanes, where through it passed, and since that also houses haue beene builded thereon, so that the course of VValbrooke* 1.48 is now hidden vnder ground, and thereby hardly knowen. Langborne water so called of the length thereof, was a greate streame of water brea∣king out of the ground, in Fan Church streete, which ran downe with a swift course, west, through that streete, thwart Grastreet and downe Lombardestreete, to the west ende of S. Mary VVolnothes Church, and then turning the course South downe Shareborne lane,* 1.49 so termed of sharing or deuiding, it brake into diuers rilles or rillets to the Riuer of Thames, of this Bourne that warde tooke the name, and is till this day called Langborne warde,* 1.50 this Bourne also is long since stopped vp at the heade and the rest of the course filled vp and paued ouer, so that no signe thereof remaineth more then the names aforesaide, Oldeborne or Hilborne was the like water, breaking out aboute the place

where now the bars do stand, and it ran downe the whole streete till Oldebourne bridge, and into the Riuer of the VVels, or Turnemil Brook: this Bourn was likewise long since stoped vp at the head, & in other places where the same hath broken out, but yet till this day, the saide streete is there still called high Oulde∣bourn hil, and both the sides thereof together with al the grounds adioyning that lye betwixt it, and the riuer of Thames remayne full of springes, so that water is there found at hand, and harde to be stopped in euery house.

There are (saith Fitzstephen* 1.51) neare London, on the North side speciall wels, in the Suburbes: sweete, wholesome, and cleare, amongst which Holywel, Clarkes wel, & Clementes wel, are most famous and frequented by Schollers, and youths of the City in sommer euenings, when they walke foorth to take the aire. The first, to wit, Holywel is much decayed and marred with filthinesse, purposely layd there, for the heighthening of the ground, for garden plots: the fountaine called S. Clements wel,* 1.52 North from the Parish church of S. Clements, and neare vnto an Inne of Chan∣cery, called Clements Inne, is thereof yet fayre curbed square with harde stone, and is alwaies kepte cleane for common vse: it is alwaies ful, and neuer wanteth water, the third is called Clarks well,* 1.53 or Clarken well, and is also curbed aboute square with stone. Not far from the west ende of this Clarkes well Church without the stone wall that incloseth the Church, the other smal∣ler wels that stood neare vnto Clarkes wel, to wit Skinners wel,* 1.54 Fagges well, Todwell, Loders well, and Redwell, are all de∣cayed and so filled vp. that their places are now hardly discerned: somewhat North from Holywell is one other well curbed square with stone, and is called Dame Annis the cleare,* 1.55 and not farre frō it but somewhat west, is also one other cleare water called Pe∣rilous Pond,* 1.56 because diuers youthes by swimming therein haue béene drouned, and thus much be saide for fountaines and wels.

Horsepoole* 1.57 in West Smithfielde was sometime a greate water, and because the inhabitantes in that parte of the Citie did there water their Horses, the same was in olde recordes called Horsepoole, it is now much decayed, the springs being stoped vp and the land water falling into the small bottome, remayning

inclosed with Bricke, is but fowle: and is called Smithfielde Ponde.

The Poole* 1.58 by S. Giles Churchyarde was a large water in the yeare 1244. for it is read that Anne of Lodbury was drou∣ned therein, this Poole is now for the most parte stopped vp, but the spring is preserued, and it was coopped about with stone by the Executors of Richarde VVhittington.

The said riuer of the Wels, the running water of Walbrooke, the Bournes aforenamed, and other the fresh waters that were in and aboute this Citie, being in processe of time by incrochment for buildinges and otherwise vtterlie decayed, and the number of Citizens mightely increased, they were forced to séeke swéete waters abroade, whereof some at the request of king Henry the thirde, in the 21. yeare of his raigne, were for the profite of the Citie, and good of the whole Realme thether repayring, gran∣ted to the Citizens and their Successors by one Gilbert Sanford,* 1.59 with liberty to conuey water from the towne of Teiborne, by Pypes of leade into their Citie, & the first Cesterne of leade ca∣stellated with stone in the Citie of London was called the greate Conduit in west Cheape, and was begunne to bee builded in the yeare 1285. Henry Wales being then Maior: the water course from Padington to Iames hed hath 510. roddes, from Iames hed on the hill to the Mewsgate, 102. roddes, from the Mewsgate to the crosse in Cheape 484. roddes.

The Tonne vpon Cornhil was Cisterned in the yere 1401. Iohn Chadworth then being Maior.

Bosses of water, at Belinsgate, by Powles wharfe, and by S. Giles Church without Cripplegate made aboute the yere 1423.

Water conueyed to the Gaoles of Newgate and Ludgate, 1432.

Water procured to the Standarde in west Cheape aboute the yeare 1431. king Henry the sixt in the yeare 1442. graun∣ted to Iohn Hatharley, Maior licence to take vp 200. fodar of Leade for the building of Conduites of a common Garnery and of a new Crosse in west Cheape, for honor of the Citie.

The Conduit in Aldermanbury and the Standarde in Fleete streete were made and finished by the executors of Sir William

Eastfielde in the yeare 1471. a Sesterne was added to the stan∣derd in Fletestreete, and a Sesterne was made at Fleete bridge, and one other without Criplegate in the yeare 1478.

Conduite in Grastreete in the yeare. 1491.

Conduite of Oldbourne Crosse aboute 1498. againe new made by William Lambe, 1577.

Little Conduite by the Stockes market aboute. 1500.

Conduite at Bishopsgate aboute 1513.

Conduite at London wall aboute 1528.

Conduite at Aldgate without, aboute, 1535.

Conduite in Lothbury, and in Colemanstreete. 1546.

Conduite of Thames water, at Dowgate. 1568,

Thames water conueyed into mens houses* 1.60 by pypes of lead from a most artificiall forcier standing neare vnto London bridge and made by Peter Moris Dutch man in the yeare 1582. for seruice of the Citie, on the East part thereof.

Conduites* 1.61 of Thames water by the parish churches of S. Ma∣rie Magdalen, and S. Nicholas Colde Abby neare vnto olde Fishstrete, in the yeare 1583.

One other new Forcier was made neare to Broken wharfe, to conuey Thames water* 1.62 into mens houses of west Cheape, a∣bout Powles, Fleetestreete &c. by an English Gentleman, na∣med Beuis Bulman, in the yeare 1594. Thus much for waters, seruing this Citie, first by Riuers, Brookes, Boornes, Foun∣taines, Pooles, &c. And since by Conduites partly made by good and charitable Citizens, and otherwise by chardges of the com∣m••naltie, as shalbe shewed in description of Wards wherein they be placed.

And now some Benefactors to these Conduites shalbee re∣membred.

In the yeare 1236. certaine Marchants strangers,* 1.63 of cities beyonde the Seas, to wit Amiens, Corby, and Nele for priui∣ledges which they enioyed in this Citie, gaue 100. ••. towardes the charges of conueying water from the towne of Teyborne. Robert Large then Maior 1439. gaue to the new water Condu∣ites then in hand, forty Markes, and towarde the vaulting ouer of Walbrooke 200 markes.

Sir Wiliam Eastfielde conueyed water from Teyborne and from Highbery.

Wiliam Combes Sheriffe 1441. gaue to the worke of the Conduits.

x.••.

Richarde Rawson one of the Sheriffes 1476. gaue,

xx ••.

Robert Reuel one of the Shiriffes 1490. gaue,

x.••.

Iohn Mathew Maior 1490. gaue

xx.••.

William Bucke Taylor in the yere, 1494.

gaue 100. markes towardes repayring of Conduites.

Dame Thomason widow, late wise to Iohn Perciuall Tay∣lor, Maior in the yere 1498. gaue towards the Conduit in Old∣bourne,

xx.markes.

Richarde Shore one of the Shiriffes 1505. gaue to the Con∣duit in Oldborne.

x ••.

The Lady Ascue widow to Sir Christopher Ascue, 1543. gaue towardes the Conduites,

C.••.

Dauid Wodren, Shiriffe, 1554. gaue towardes the Con∣duit at Bishopsgate

xx.••.

Edwarde Iackman one of the Shiriffes 1564. gaue toward the Conduites.

C.••.

Barnarde Randolfe common Sarieant of the Citie 1583. gaue to the water Conduits.

700. ••

Thus much for the Conduits of fresh water to this Citie.

The ditch which partly now remaineth,* 1.64 and compassed the wal of the Citie, was begun to be made by the Londoners in the yere 1211. & was finished in the yere 1213. the 15. of king Iohn, this ditch being then made of 200. foote brode,* 1.65 caused no smal hind∣rance to the Canons of the holy Trinity, whose church stoode neare vnto Aldgate: for that the saide ditch passed through their grounde, from the Tower of London, vnto Bishopsgate. This ditch being originally made for the defence of the cittie was long together carefully clensed and mainteyned as neede required, but now of late neglected and forced eyther to a very narrow and the same a filthy channel, or altogether stopped vp for gardens planted, and houses builded thereon euen to the very wall, and in many places vpon both ditch and wall, to what danger of the ci∣tie, I leaue to wiser consideration: and can but wish, that reforma∣tion

might be had.

In the yeare of Christ, 1354. the 28. of Edwarde the third, the ditch of this citie flowing ouer the banke into the Tower ditch the king commanded the saide ditch of the citie to be clensed, and so ordered, that the ouerflowing thereof, should not force any filth into the Tower ditch. Anno 1379. Iohn Filpot Maior of Lon∣don caused this ditch to be clensed and euery household to pay v.••. which was for a daies worke towardes the charges thereof. Ri∣charde the 2. in the tenth of his raigne, granted a Tole to bee ta∣ken of wares solde by water, or by lande for 10. yeares towardes repayring of the wall and clensing of the ditch.

Thomas Fawconer Mayor 1414. caused the ditch to be clensed. Ralf Ioceline, Maior 1477. caused the whole ditch to be cast and clensed, and so from time to time it was clensed and otherwise re∣formed.

In my remembrance also the same was clensed, namely the Moore ditch, when Sir Wiliam Hollies was Maior in the yeare 1540. And not long before or after, from the Tower of London, to Aldgate. It was againe clensed in the yere 1549. Henry Amcotes being Mayor,* 1.66 at the charges of the companies at which time the saide ditch lay open without eyther wall or pale, hauing therein great store of very good fish of diuers sortes, as many men yet liuing who haue taken and tasted them, can well witnes: but now no such matter the charge of clensing that ditch is saued & great profit made by letting out the banks with the spoile of the whole ditch. I am not ignorant of two fifeteenes granted by a common counsell in the yeare 1595. for the reformation of this ditch, and that a smal portion thereof, to wit, betwixt Bishopsgate, and the Posterne called Moregate, was clensed and made some∣what broder: but filling againe very fast, by reason of ouer raising the ground neare adioyning, therefore neuer the better: and I will so leaue it.

Of the Bridges of this Citie.

THe originall foundation of London bridge,* 1.67 by report of Bartholomew Linsled, alias Fowle, last Prior of S. Marie Oueries, Church in Southwarke was this: a Ferrie being kept in place where now the Bridge is builded, at length the Ferrimar and his wife deceasing,* 1.68 left the same Ferrie to their onely daughter, a maiden named Marie, which with the goods left by her Parents, as also with the profites rising of the said Ferrie, builded a house of Sisters in place where now standeth the east part of S. Marie O∣ueries church aboue the Quier, where she was buried, vnto the which house the gaue the ouersight and profites of the Ferrie, but afterwardes the saide house of Sisters being conuerted into a colledge of Priestes, the Priestes builded the Bridge (of Tymber)* 1.69 as all other the greate bridges of this Land were, and from time to time kept the same in good reparation, till at length considering the greate charges of repayring the same there was by aide of the Citizens of London and others a bridge builded of stone as shal be shewed.

But first of the timber bridge, the antiquity thereof being vncer∣taine, but I remember to haue red, that in the yeare of Christ, 994.* 1.70 Sweyn king of Denmark besieging the city of London, both by water and by land, the Citizens manfully defended themselues, and their king Ethelred, so as part of their ennemies were slaine in battaile, and parte of them were drouned in the Riuer of Thames, because in their hastie rage, they tooke no heede of the Bridge.

Moreouer in the yeare 1016. Canute the Dane with a greate nauie came vp to London, and on the south of the Thames, cau∣sed a Trench to bee cast, through the which his ships were towed into the west side of the bridge, and then with a deepe Trench and streight siege he compassed the citie round aboute.

Also in the yeare 1052. Earle Godwin with the like nauie, taking his course vp the Riuer of Thames, and finding none that

offered to resist on the bridge, he sayled vp by the southside of the said riuer. Furthermore aboute the yeare 1067. Wiliam the Con∣queror in his Charter, to the church of S. Peter at westmin∣ster, confirmed to the Monkes seruing God there, a gate in Lon∣don, then called Buttolphes gate, with a wharfe which was at the heade of London bridge.* 1.71 We read likewise that in the yeare 1114. the 14. of Henry the first, the riuer of Thames was so dried vp, and such want of water there was that betwéene the Tower of London, and the bridge, and vnder the bridge, not one∣ly with horse, but also a greate number of men, woemen and children, did wade ouer on foote. In the yeare 1122. the 22. of Henry the first. Thomas Arden gaue to the Monkes of Bar∣mondsey, the church of S. George in Southwarke, and v.••.rent by the yere, out of the land perteyning to London bridge, I also haue seene a Charter vnder seale to the effect following. Hen∣ry king of England to Ralfe B. of Chichester. and all the Mi∣nisters of Sussex sendeth greeting, know ye &c. I commande by my kingly authority that the Mannor called Alcestone, which my Father gaue with other Landes, to the Abbey of Battle, be free and quiete from shieres and hundredes, and all other Customes of earthly seruitude, as my father helde the same, most freely and quietely, and namely from the worke of London bridge, and the worke of the Castle at Penansey: and this I command vpon my forfeyture, witnesse VVilliam de Pontlearche at Byrry, the which Charter with the Scale very fayre remaineth in the custody of Ioseph Holland Gentle∣man.

In the yeare 1136. the first of king Stephen,* 1.72 a fire began, in the house of one Ailewarde, neare vnto Londonstone which consumed east to Aldgate and west to S. Erkenwals shrine, in Powles Church: the bridge of timber ouer the riuer of Thames, was also burnt, &c but afterwards againe repayred. For Fitzste∣phen writeth that in the raigne of king Stephen and of Henry the second, when pastimes were shewed on the riuer of Thames, men stoode in greate numbers on the bridge, wharfes, and hou∣ses to beholde.

Now in the yeare 1163. the same bridge was not onely re∣payred,

but new made of Timber as afore by Peter of Cose∣church, Priest and Chaplaine.

Thus much for the olde timber bridge maintainde partly by the proper landes thereof, and partly by the liberality of diuers persons 215. yeares before the bridge of stone was finished.

Now touching the foundation of the stone bridge,* 1.73 it followeth thus. Aboute the yeare 1176. the stone bridge ouer the riuer of Thames, at London, was begunne to be founded by the foresaide Peter of ColeChurch, neare vnto the bridge of timber, but some what more towardes the west, for I reade that Buttolfe wharfe was in the Conquerors time, at the head of London bridge. The king assisted this worke: A Cardinal then being Legate here,* 1.74 and Richard Archbishop of Canterbury, gaue one thousand markes, towardes the foundation, the course of the riuer for the time was turned an other way aboute by a Trench cast for that purpose be∣ginning as is supposed East, aboute Rodriffe, and ending in the West about Patricksey now tearmed Batersey, this worke, to wit, the Arches and stone bridge ouer the riuer of Thames, at London, hauing beene 33. yeares in building* 1.75 was in the yeare, 1209. finished by the worthy Marchants of London, Serle Mer∣cer, Wiliam Almaine, and Benedict Botewrite, principall maisters of that worke, for Peter of Cole Church deceased foure yeares before this worke was finished, and was buried in the Chappell builded on the same bridge in the yeare 1205.

King Iohn gaue certaine voide places in London to builde vp∣pon, the profites thereof to remaine towardes the charges of buil∣ding and repayring of the same bridge: a Mason being maister workemam of the bridge, builded from the foundation, the Chaple on London bridge,* 1.76 of his own•• proper expences, it was indowed for two Priestes, foure Clarkes and other. There was also a Chantrie for Iohn Hatfielde &c. So that in the yeare 23. of Henry the 6. there was 4. Chaplens in the saide chappell, after that example sundry houses were thereupon shortly after erected, the first action on this bridge was lamentable, for within 3. yeres after the finishing thereof, to wit, in the yeare 1212. on the 10. of Iuly at night, a maruelous terrible chance happened, for the citie of London vpon the south side of the riuer of Thames as also the

church of our Ladie of the Canons in Southwarke being on fire,* 1.77 and an exceeding greate multitude of people passing the bridge,* 1.78 eyther to extinguish and quench it, or els to gaze at and behold it, suddenly the north part, by blowing of the south winde was also set on fire, and the people which were euen now passing the bridge, perceiuing the same, woulde haue returned, but were stopped by fire, and it came to passe, that as they stayed, or protracted time, the other ende of the bridge also, namely the South ende, was fired, so that the people thronging themselues betwéene the two fires, did nothing else but expect present death: then came there to aide them many ships and vessels, into the which the multitude so vnadui∣sedly rushed that the ships being drowned, they al perished: it was said that through the firs and shipwracke there were destroyed a∣bout thrée thousand persons whose bodies were found in parte, or halfe burned, besides those that were wholy burnt to ashes, and could not be found. Aboute the yeare 1282. through a greate frost and deepe snow, 5. Arches of London bridge, were borne downe* 1.79 and carried away. In the yeare 1289. the bridge was so sore decayed, for want of reparations, that men were a∣fraid to passe thereon, and a Subsidy was graunted towardes the amendement thereof, Sir Iohn Britaine being Custos of Lon∣don. In the yeare 1395. on S. Georges day, was a greate iusting on London bridge, betwixt Dauid Earle Craforde of Scotland, and the Lorde VVels of England: in the which, the Lord VVels was at the third course borne out of the saddle, which historie prooueth, that at that time the bridge being coaped on ey∣ther side was not replenished with houses builded thereupon, as since it hath beene and now is. The next yeare on the 13. of Nouember, the young Queene Isabell, commonly called the little, for she was but 8. yeares olde, was conueyed from Kening∣ton besides Lamhith, through Southwarke to the, Tower of London, and such a multitude of people went out to see her, that on London bridge. 9. persons were crowded to death,* 1.80 of whome the Prior of Tiptre a place in Essex was one, and a Matron on Cornhil was an other. The Tower on London bridge, at the north ende of the draw bridge, for that bridge was then readily to be drawne vp, aswell to giue passage for ships to Queene hith, as

for the resistance of any forraigne force, was begunne to bee buil∣ded in the yeare 1426. Iohn Reinwell being Maior.

An other tower there is on the saide Bridge ouer the gate at the South end towards Southwarke, whereof in an other place shalbe spoken.

In the yeare 1481. an house called the common stage on London bridge fell downe* 1.81 into the Thames: through the fall whereof 5. men were drouned: to conclude I affirme of this bridge ouer the saide riuer of Thames, as in other my descriptions, that it is a worke very rare, hauing with the drawe bridge, 20. Arches made of squared stone, of height 60. foote, and in breadth 30. foote distant, one from an other, 20. foote, compact and ioy∣ned together with vaultes and sellers: vpon both sides bee houses builded, so that it seemeth rather a continuall streete then a bridge for the continuall fortifying, whereof against the incessant assaults of the riuer, it hath ouerseers and Officers, vz.

Fleete bridge* 1.82 in the west without Ludgate, a bridge of stone faire coaped, on eyther side with iron piked, on the which towards the south be also certaine Lanthornes of stone, for lightes to bee placed in the winter eueninges, for commodity of trauellers. Under this bridge runneth a water sometimes called (as I haue said) the riuer of the VVels, since Turnemill brooke, now Fleete dike, because it runneth by the Fleete, and so vnder Fleete bridge, in∣to the riuer of Thames. This bridge hath beene far greater in times past, but hath beene lessened, as the water course hath béene narrowed. It seemeth, this last bridge to bee made at the char∣ges of Iohn VVels Mayor in the yeare, 1431. for on the coping is engrauen Wels imbraced by Angels, like as on the Standarde in Cheape, which he also builded: thus much of the Bridge: for of the water course and decay thereof I haue spoken in an other place.

Oldebourne bridge* 1.83 ouer the saide riuer of the VVels more towardes the North was so called, of a Bourne that sometimes ranne downe Oldborne hill into the saide Riuer, this bridge of stone like as Fleet bridge, from Ludgate west, serueth for passen∣gers with carriage or otherwise from Newgate toward the west and by North.

Cowbridge* 1.84 more north ouer the same water by Cowbridge streete or Cowlane: this bridge being lately decayed, an other of timber is made, somewhat more North, by Chicke lane, &c.

Bridges ouer the Towne ditch,* 1.85 there are diuers: to ••weete without Aldgate, without Bishopsgate, the Posterne called Moregate, the Posterne of Cripplegate without Aldersgate, the Posterne of Christes Hospitall, Newgate and Ludgate, all these be ouer paued likewise with stone leauell with the streetes. But one other there is of Timber ouer the riuer of wels, or Fleete dike betweene the precinct of the Blacke Friers, and the house of Bridewel.

There haue been, of old time also diuers bridges in sondrie pla∣ces, ouer the course of Walbrooke.* 1.86 I read that euery person ha∣uing landes on eyther side of the saide walbrooke, should vaulte, or bridge, and clense the same so farre as his landes extended. The 11. of Edwarde the thirde, the inhabitantes vpon the course of this Brooke were forced to pile and wall the sides thereof. In the thirde of Henry the fift, this watercourse hauing had many brid∣ges, (as ye haue hearde) I haue reade of one by the name of Hor∣shew bridge,* 1.87 by the Church of S. Iohn Baptist now called S. Iohns vpon walbrooke, which hath béene since vaulted ouer with bricke, and the Streetes and Lanes where through it passed so pa¦ued, that the same watercourse or brooke is now hardly discerned. Order was taken the 2. of Edwaarde the fourth, that such as had ground on eyther side of walbrooke, shoulde vaulte and paue* 1.88 it ouer so farre as his grounde extended. And thus much for Bridges may suffice.

Gates in the wall of this Citie.

GAtes* 1.89 in the wall of this Citie of olde time were 4 to wit, Aldgate for the east, Al∣dersgate for the North, Ludgate for the West, and the Bridgegate ouer the ri∣uer of Thames, for the South, but of la∣ter times for the ease of the Citizens and Passengers, diuers other gates and Po∣sterns haue beene made as shalbe shewed. In the raigne of Henry the second (saith Fitzstephen) there were seuen double gates in the wall of this Citie, but he nameth them not. It may be supposed he ment for the first, the gate next to the Tower of London, which then serued as a Posterne for Passengers out of the East: from thence through Towerstreete, Eastcheape, and Candleweekestrete, to Londonstone, the midle point of that high way: then through Budgerow, watheling∣streete, and leauing Paules Church on the right hand, to Lud∣gate in the west, the next be Aldgate, Bishopsgate, Criplegate, Aldersgate, Ludgate, and the Bridgegate, ouer the Thames. Since the which time hath been builded Newgate, the Posterne called Moregate, a Posterne from Christeshospital, towardes S. Bartelmewes Hospitall in Smithfielde &c. Of euery of these gates and Posterns as also of certeine watergates seueral∣ly somewhat may bée noted, as I finde authority to warrant mee.

The first was the Posterne gate next vnto the Tower of Lon∣don* 1.90 which at the length fell downe in the yeare 1440. the 18. of Henry the 6. and was neuer reedified againe of stone, but an homely cotage with a narrow passage made of timber, lath, and loame: hath beene in place thereof set vp, and so remaineth. The ruine of the saide Posterne began in the yeare 1190. the second of Richarde the first, william Longshampe Bishop of Ely and Chauncelor of England, caused a part of the city wal, to wit, from the saide gate towardes the riuer of Thames to bee broken down for the enlarging of the Tower, which Tower he compassed far

wi••e aboute with a wal, and is now the vtter wal of the Tower, he also caused a broade and deepe ditch to bee made without the same wal, intending to haue deriued the riuer of Thames, to haue flowed aboute it. By meanes of this ditch the foundation of that gate being loosed and greately weakened, fell at the length, as yée haue hear••e and so remaineth.

The next in the East in Aldgate* 1.91 of olde time so called of the an∣tiquitie or age thereof. It appeareth by a Charter of king Ed∣gar to the Knightes of Kinghtone Guilde, that in his dayes the said Porte was called Aldgate. Also Matilde the Queene, wife to Henry the first, in the eight yere of his raigne, hauing foun∣ded the Priorie of the Holy Trinitie within Aldegate, gaue vnto the same church, to Norman the first Prior, and the Canons that deuoutlie serued God therein, the Porte of Aldegate, & the Soke or* 1.92 Franchise thereunto belonging with al customs, as free as shee held the same, &c. In the which Charter, shee nameth the house Christes church, and reporteth Aldegate to bée of her demaine. The next towards the north, is called Bishopsgate,* 1.93 for that, as it may be supposed, the same was first builded by some Bishoppe of London, the certaynty whereof is vnknown, but true it is that this gate was first builded for the ease of the passengers towards the East and by North, as into Norfolke, Suffolke, Cambridge∣shire, &c. The Trauellers into which parts before the building of this gate were forced, passing out at Aldegate, to goe east till they came to the Miles end, & then to turne on the left hand to Ble∣thenhal green now called Bednal greene, to Cambridge heath, and so North, or East and by North, as their Iourney lay. If they tooke not this way, by the East out at Aldgate, they must take their way by the North out at Aldersgate through Alders∣gate streete, and Goswelstreete towards Iseldon, and by a crosse of stone on their right hand, set vp for a marke by the North ende of Golding lane to turne Eastwarde through a long streete vntill this day called Aldestreete, to an other crosse standing, where now standeth a Smithes Forge by Sewers ditch church, and then to turne againe North towardes Totenham, Endfield, Waltham, Ware, &c. The eldest note that I reade of this Bishopsgate, is that wiliam Blund one of the Sheriffes of London in the yeare,* 1.94

1210. solde to Serle Mercer, and VVilliam Almaine•• procu∣rators, or Wardens, of London bridge, all his land with the garden, in the Parish of S. Buttolph without Bishopsgate, betweene the land of Richard Casiarin towards the north, and the lande of Robert Crispie towardes the South, and the high way called Bearewardes lane* 1.95 on the East &c. Next I reade in a Charter* 1.96 dated the yere 1235. that Walter Brune Citizen of London, and Rosia his wife founded the Priorie or new Hospital of our blessed Lady, since called S. Mary Spittle, without Bishops∣gate, for Canons regular the 19. of Henry the thirde. Also in the yeare 1247. Simon Fitzmarie, one of the Sherifes of London, the 29. of H. the thirde, founded the Hospitall of S. Marie,* 1.97 called Bethlem without Bishopsgate. Thus much for Antiquitie, now for repayring of this gate. I find, that Henry the thirde graun∣ted or confirmed to the Marchantes of the Haunce,* 1.98 that had an house in the citie called Guildhalla Theutonicorum, certaine Liberties and Priuiledges. Edwarde the first also confirmed the same. In the 10. yeare of whose raigne, it was founde that the saide Marchantes ought of right so repayre the saide gate cal∣led Bishopsgate. Whereupon Gerarde Marbod, Alderman of the Haunce and other, then remayning in the Citie of London: for themselues, and al others Marchants of the saide hance, granted, 210. markes sterling to the Maior and Citizens. And couenanted that they and their successors should from time to time repayre the same gate.* 1.99 This gate was againe beutifully builded in the yere 1479. in the raigne of Edwarde the 4. by the saide Haunce Marchantes: Mor••uer aboute the yeare 1551. these Haunce Marchantes hauing prepared stone for that purpose, caused a new gate to be framed, there to haue beene set vp, but then their. Li∣berties through suite of our English Marchantes, were seazed in∣to the Kings hand, and so that worke was stayed, and the olde gate yet remaineth.

Touching the next Posterne, called Moregate,* 1.100 I finde that Thomas Faulconer Maior, aboute the yeare one thousande foure hundred and fifeteene, the third of Henry the fifte, caused the wall of the Citie to bee broken neare vnto Colemanstreete

and there builded a Posterne, now called Moregate, vppon the Moore side where was neuer gate before. This gate he made for ease of the Citizens, that way to passe vppon causewaies into the fielde, for their recreation: For the same fielde was at that time a Marrish. This Posterne was reedified by Wil∣liam Hampton Fishmonger Maior, in the yeare 1472. In the yeare also, 1511. the thirde of Henry the eight. Roger A∣chely Maior, caused Dikes and Bridges to bee made, and the ground to bee leuiled, and made more commodious for passage since which time the same hath beene heighthened. So much that the Ditches and Bridges are couered, and if it bee made le∣uill with the Battlementes of the Citie wall: yet will it bee lit∣tle the drier, such is the Moorish nature of the grounde. The next is the Posterne of Cripplegate* 1.101 so called long before the Conquest. For I reade in the Historie of Edmonde King of the East Angles, written by Abba Fl••riacensis, & by Burchard sometime Secretar••e to Offa king of Marcia. That in the yeare ••0••0. The Danes spoiling the kingdom of the East Angles, Alwyne Bishop of Helmeham, caused the bodie of king Edmonde the Martir to bee brought from Bedrisworth, (now called Bury S. Edmondes) through the kingdome of the East Saxons, and so to London in at Cripplegate, a place (saith mine Author) so called of Criples begging there: at which gate, (it was saide) the bodie entering, miracles were wrought, as some of the Lame did goe vpright, praising God. The bodie of King Edmond rested for the space of three yeares in the Parrish church of Saint Gregorie, neare vnto the Cathe∣drall Church of Saint Paule. Moreouer the Charter of William the Conqueror, confirming the foundation of the Colledge in London called S. Martin the greate, hath these wordes. I doe geue and graunt to the same Church and Cannons, seruing God therein. All the lande and the Moore without the Posterne, which is called Cripplegate, on eyther parte of the Posterne.* 1.102 Besides this Alfune builded the parrish church of S. Giles nigh a gate of the citie called Porta contractorum, or Criplesgate about the yeare 1090.

This Posterne was sometime a prison, wherevnto such Citti∣zens and others, as were arrested for debt,* 1.103 or common trespasses were committed, as they be now to the Compters, which thing appeareth by a writte of Edward the first in these wordes: Rex¦vic. London, salutem: ex graui querela B. capt. & detent. in prisona nostra de Criples gate pro x.••,* 1.104 quas co••am Radul∣pho de Sandwico tunc custod, Ciuitatis nostrae London, & I. de Blackwell ciuis recognit. debit. &c. This gate was new builded by the Brewers of London in the yeare 1244. as saith Fabians Manscript.* 1.105

Edmond Shaw Goldsmith, Mayor, in the yeare 1483. at his decease appoynted by his testament his executors, with the cost of 400. Markes, and the stuffe of the olde gate, called Criples gate, to builde the same gate of new, which was performed and done, in the yeare 1491. The next is Aldresgate or Aldersgate,* 1.106 so called not of Aldrich, or of Elders, that is to say, auncient men, builders thereof,* 1.107 nor of Eldarne trées growing there more aboun∣dantly, then in other places, as some haue fabuled, but for the very antiquitie of the gate it selfe, as being one of the first foure gates of the cittie, and seruing for the Northerne partes, as Aldegate did for the East, which two gates being both old gates, are for dif∣ference sake called, the one Aldegate, and the other Aldergate. This gate hath at sundry times béene increased with buildinges, namely, on the south or innerside, a great frame of timber hath béene added and set vp, contayning diuers large roomes, and lodge∣inges: also on the East side, is the addition of one great building of timber, with one large floore paued with stone, or tile, and a Well therein curbed with stone, of a great depth, and rysing into the said roome, which is two stories high from the ground: which Well is the onely peculiar note belonging to that gate, for I haue not séene the like in all this Cittie, to be raysed so high. Iohn Day Stationer, a late famous printer of many good bookes, in our time dwelled in this gate, and builded much vpon the wall of the cittie towards the parish Church of Saint Anne. Then is there also a Posterne gate made out of the wall on the North side of the late dissolued cloyster of Friers minors, commonly of their habite cal∣led Gray Friers, now Christes Church, and Hospitall.* 1.108 This Po∣sterne

was made in the sixt yeare of Edward the sixt, to passe from the said Hospitall of Christes Church, vnto the Hospitall of Saint Bartlemew in Smithfield.

The next gate on the west, and by North, is termed Newgate, * 1.109 as latelier builded then the rest. This gate was first erected about the raigne of Henry the second, or Richard the first, vpon this occasion. The Cathedrall Church of Saint Paule, being burnt about the yeare 1086. in the raigne of VVilliam the Conque∣ror, Mauritius then Bishoppe of London, rapayred not the old•• church, as some haue supposed, but began the foundation of a new worke, such as men then iudged would neuer haue béene perfor∣med, it was to them so wonderfull for height, length, and breadth, as also in respect it was raysed vppon arches or vaults, &c. After Mauritius, Richard Beamore did wonderfully aduance the work of the said Church, purchasing the large stréetes, and lanes round about, wherein were wont to dwell many lay people, which grounds he began to compasse about with a strong wall of stone, and gates. By meanes of this increase of the Church territo∣rie, but more by inclosing of grounde, for so large a cemitorie, or church yarde: the high and large stréete stretching from Aldegate in the East, vntill Ludgate in the West, was in this place so crossed and stopped vp, that the carriage through the cittie West∣warde, was forced to passe without the saide churchyarde wall on the North side, through Pater noster row: and then south down Aue Mary lane, and againe West through Bowiar row to Lud∣gate: or else out of Chepe, or Wathelingstreet to turne South through the old Exchaunge, then West through Carter lane: a∣gaine North vp Créede lane, and then West to Ludgate. Which passage, by reason of so often turning, was very combersome, and daungerous both for horse and man.* 1.110 For remedie whereof, a new gate was made, and so called, by which men and cattell with all manner of carriages, might passe more directly (as afore) from Aldegate, through West Cheape by Paules on the North side, through Saint Nicholas Shambles, and Newgate market to Newgate, and from thence to any part Westwarde ouer Old∣borne bridge, or turning without the gate into Smithfielde, and through Iseldon to any part North and by West. This gate

hath of long time béene a Gayle,* 1.111 or prison, for fellons and trespas∣sors, as appeareth by records in the raigne of King Iohn, of which amongst other I find one testifying that in the yeare 1218. The third of King Henry the thirde, the King writeth vnto the She∣riffes of London, commaunding them to repaire the Gaile of Newgate, for the safe keeping of his prisoners, and that the char∣ges which they should lay out, should be allowed vnto them vpon their accompt in the Exchequer. Moreouer in the yeare 1241. the Iewes of Norwich were hanged for circumcising a Christian childe, their house called the Thor, was pulled downe and destroi∣ed, Aron the sonne of Abraham a Iew, at London, and the other Iewes were constrained to pay twentie thousand markes at two termes in the year, or els to be kept perpetuall prisoners in New∣gate of London and in other prisons. 1255. King Henry the thirde lodging in the Tower of London, vppon displeasure con∣ceyued towards the Cittie of London, for the escape of Iohn Of∣frem a prisoner being a Clearke conuict, out of Newgate, which had killed a Prior that was of alliance to the King, as cosen to the Queene, he sent for the Mayor and Sheriffes to come before him, to aunswere the matter: the Mayor laid the fault from him to the Sheriffes,* 1.112 forsomuch as to them belonged the keeping of all pri∣soners within the cittie, and so the Mayor returned home, but the Sheriffes remayned there prisoners, by the space of one Moneth and more, and yet they excused themselues in that the fault chiefly rested in the Bishops Officers: for whereas the prisoner was vn∣der custodie, they at his request had graunted licence to imprison the offendor within the Gaile of Newgate, but so as the Bishops Officers were charged to sée him safely kept. The King not∣withstanding all this, demanded of the cittie 3000. markes for a fine. In the yeare 1326. Robert Baldoke, the kinges Chan∣cellor was put in Newgate.* 1.113 In the yeare 1337. S. Iohn Poult∣ney gaue foure markes by the yeare, to the reliefe of prisoners in Newgate. In the yeare 1385. William Wallwoorth gaue som∣what to relieue the prisoners in Newgate so haue manie others since also. In the yeare 1414. the Gaylors of Newgate and Lud∣gate dyed, and prisoners in Newgate to the number of 64. In the 1418. The Parson of Wrotham in Kent was imprisoned in

Newgate. The yeare 1422. the first of Henry the sixt, licence was granted to Iohn Couentre, Ianken Carpenter, and Wil∣liam Greue,* 1.114 executors to Richard Whittington, to reediste the Gaile of Newgate, which they did with his goodes. Lastly Tho∣mas Knowles Mayor, by licence of Reynold Prior of S. Bartle∣mewes, in Smithfield, and also of Iohn Wakering Mayster of the Hospitall of S. Bartlemewe, and his brethren, conueyed the waste of water at the cesterne néere to the common fountaine and Chappell of S. Nicholas, (situate by the saide Hospitall) to the Gailes of Newgate, and Ludgate, for reliefe of the prisoners, and this may suffice for Newgate.

Ludgate* 1.115 in the West is the next, and is called Ludgate as first builded (saith Geffrey Monmouth) by King Lud a Briton, about the yeare before Christes natiuitie 66 Of which building, and also of the name, as Ludsgate, or Fluds gate, hath béene of late some question amongst the learned, wherefore I ouer passe it, as not to my purpose, onely referring the reader to that I haue before written, out of Cesars commentaries, and other Romaine writers concerning a towne or Cittie amongst the Britaines. This gate I suppose to be one of the most auncient: and as Ald∣gate was builded for the East,* 1.116 so was this Luds gate for the west. I reade as I tolde you that in the yeare 1215. The 17. of King Iohn the Barons of the Realme, being in armes against the King entred this Citie, and spoyled the Iewes houses, to fill their owne purses which being done, Robert Fitzwater, and Geffrey de Magna villa Earle of Essex, and the Earle of Gloucester chiefe leaders of the Army, applyed all diligence to repayre the gates and walles of this Citie, with the stones of the Iewes broken houses, especially (as it séemeth) they then repayred or rather new builded Ludgate.* 1.117 For in the yeare 1586. when the same gate was ta∣ken down to be newe builded, there was found couched within the wall thereof, a stone taken from one of the Iewes houses, where∣in was ingrauen in Hebrewe Caracters these wordes following, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉* 1.118 Haec est statio Rabbi Moses, •• insignis Rabbi Isaac: which is to say, this is the Sta∣tion, or Ward of Rabby Moses, the sonne of the honorable Rab∣by Isaac, and had béene fixed vppon the front of one of the Iewes

houses as a note, or signe that such a one dwelled there. In the yeare 1260. this Ludgate was repaired and beautified with ima∣ges of Lud and other Kinges, as appeareth by letters pattents* 1.119 in the Tower, of licence giuen to the cittizens of London, to take vp stone for the making of those images, dated the 45. of Henry the third. These images of Kinges in the raigne of Edward the sixt had their heads smitten off, and were otherwise defaced, by vnad∣uised folkes, and in the raigne of Quéene Marie were repayred, as by setting new heads on their old bodies, &c. All which so remay∣ned vntil the year 1586.* 1.120 The 28. of Quéen Elizabeth, when the same gate being sore decayed was clean taken down, the prisoners in the meane time remayning in the large Southeast quadrant to the same Gate adioyning, and the same yeare, the whole gate was newly and beautifully builded with the images of Lud, & others, as afore, on the East side, and the picture of her Maiestie,* 1.121 Quéene Eilzabeth on the West side.

Al which was done at the common charges of y^e cittizens, amoū∣ting to 1500. ••. or more.* 1.122 This gate was made a frée prison in the yeare 1378. the first of Richard* 1.123 the second, Nicholas Brem∣bar being Mayor. The same was confirmed in the yeare 1382. Iohn Northampton being Mayor, by a common counsaile in the Guild hall: by which it was ordayned that all frée men of this Cittie should for debt, trespasses, accomptes, and contempts, bee imprisoned in Ludgate, and for treasons, fellonies, and other cri∣minall offences be committed to Newgate. &c. In the yeare 1439 the tenth of King Henry the sixt, Iohn Welles being Mayor, & court of common counsaile established ordinanances, (as William Standon & Robert Chicheley, late Maiors before had done) tou∣ching the garde and gouernment of Ludgate, and other prisons.

Also in the yeare 1463. the third of Edward the fourth, Ma∣thew Philip being Mayor, in a common counsaile, at the request of the well disposed, blessed, and deuout woman, Dame Agnes For∣ster, widow, late wife to Stephen Forster Fishemonger, some∣time Mayor, for the comfort and reliefe of all the poore prisoners, certaine Articles were established. Inprimis, that the new works then late edified by the same Dame Agnes, for the inlarging of the prison of Ludgate, from thenceforth should be had and taken,

as a parte and parcell of the saide prison of Ludgate, so that both the olde and new worke of Ludgate aforesaid, be one prison, gaile, kéeping, and charge for euermore.

The saide Quadrant strongly builded of stone, by the before named Stephen Forster, and Agnes his wife, contayneth a large walking place by grounde, the like roome it hath ouer it for lodg∣ings, and ouer all a fayre leades to walke vpon, well imbattayled, all for ease of prisoners, to the end they shoulde haue lodging and water frée without charge: as by certaine verses grauen in Cop∣per, & fixed on the said Quadrant, I haue read in forme following.* 1.124

Deuout soules that passe this way, for Stephen Forster late Mayor, hartely pray, And Dame Agnes his spouse, to God consecrate, that of pitty this house made for Lōdoners in Ludgate. So that for lodging and water prisoners here nought pay, as their keepers shal answere at dreadfull domes day.

This plate, and one other of his Armes, taken downe with the old gate, I caused to be fixed ouer the entrie of the said Quadrant, but the verses being vnhappily turned inward to the wall, the like in effect is grauen outwarde in prose, declaring him to bee a Fish∣monger, because some vpon a light occasion (as a maydens heade in a glasse window) had fabuled him to bee a Mercer, and to haue begged there at Ludgate, &c. Thus much for Ludgate.

Next this, is there a breach in the wal of the Citie,* 1.125 and a bridge of timber ouer the Fleet dike, betwixt Fléet bridge and Thames, directly ouer against the house of Bridewel.

Of the water gates of name, on the banke of the riuer of Thames. The first from the West towardes the East, is called Ripa Reginae, the Quéens bank, or Quéene Hith,* 1.126 which may wel be accounted a water gate, & the very chief of this citie, being a com∣mon strand or landing place, yet equal with, & of old time as far ex∣celling Belins gate, as shalbe shewed in the ward of Quéene Hith.

The next is Downe gate,* 1.127 so called (as may be supposed) of the sodaine descending, or downe going of that way from S. Iohns Church vpon Walbrooke vnto the Riuer of Thames, whereby the water in the channell there hath such aswift course, that in the

yeare 1574. on the fourth of September after a strong shower of rayne, a lad (of the age of 18. yeares)* 1.128 minding to haue leapt ouer the channell, was taken by the féete and borne downe with the vi∣olence of that narrow streame, and carryed towarde the Thames with such a violent swiftnesse, as no man could rescue or stay him, till he came against a cart whéele, that stood in the water gate, be∣fore which time he was drowned, and starke dead.

This was sometime a large water gate, frequented of shippes and other vessels, like as the Quéene Hith, and was a part there∣of, as doth appeare by an Inquisition made in the 28. yeare of Henry the third, wherein was founde, that aswell corne as fish and all other things comming to the Port of Downe gate, were to bee ordered after the customes of the Quéenes Hith, for the kings vse, as also that the corne arriuing betwéene the gate of the Guildhall of the Marchants of Cullen: the (Styleyarde) which is East from Downe gate, and the house then pertayning to the Archbishoppe of Canterbury, West from Baynards castle, was to be measured by the measure and measurer of the Quéenes soke, or Quéene Hith.* 1.129 I reade also in the 19. of Edward the thirde, that customes were then to be payde for shippes and other vessels resting at Downe gate, as if they roade at Quéene Hith, and as they now doe a Belingsgate. And thus much for Downe gate may suffice.

The next after Downgate (of old time) was called Wolses gate* 1.130 in the reperie in the parish of Alhallowes the lesse, of later time called Wolses lane, but now out of vse: for the lower parte was builded on by the Earle of Shrewsburie, and the other part was stopped vp, and builded on by the Chamberlaine of London.

The next is Ebgate,* 1.131 a Watergate, so called of old time, as ap∣peareth by diuers records of tenements néere vnto the same adioy∣ning. It standeth neare vnto the Church of S. Laurence Pount∣ney, but is within the parish of S. Marten Ordegare. In place of this gate is now a narrow passage to the Thames, and is called Ebgate lane, but more commonly the Old Swanne.

Then is there a water gate at the Bridge foote, called Oyster gate,* 1.132 of Dysters that were there of old time commonly to be sold, and was the chiefest market for them, and for other shell fishes

There standeth now an engine, or forcier, for the winding vp of ter to serue the citie, whereof I haue already spoken.

The next is the Bridge gate,* 1.133 so called of London Bridge whereon it standeth: This is one of the foure first and principall gates of the citie, and was long before the conquest, when there stood a Bridge of timber: which Gate being weakely made, when the bridge was builded of stone, hath béene often times since repay∣red. This gate with the Tower vpon it, in the 1436. fell down, & two of the farthest Arches Southwards also fell therewith, and no man perished or was hurt therewith. To the repayring where∣of, diuers welthy citizens gaue large summes of money, namely Robert Large, sometime Mayor, gaue to that work 100. marks, Stephen Forster 20. l. S. Iohn Crosby Alderman 100. l. &c. But in the yeare 1471.* 1.134 the Kentish Mariners vnder the conduct of Bastard Fauconbridge, burned the said Gate, and xiij.honses on the Bridge, besides the Béere houses at S. Katherines, and many other in the suburbes.

The next is Buttolphes gate,* 1.135 so called of the parish Church of S. Buttolph néere adioyning. This gate was sometime giuen, or confirmed by William Conqueror, to the Monkes of West∣minster in these wordes:

W. Rex Angliae &c. William King of England, sendeth gréeting to the Sheriffes & all his ministers, as also to all his louing subiects, French and English of London, Know ye that I haue granted to God, and S. Peter of Westmin∣ster, & to the Abbot Vitalis, the gift which Almundus of the port of S. Buttolph gaue them, when he was there made Monke: that is to say, his Lords court with the houses, and one Wharfe, which is at the head of London bridge, and all other his landes which he had in the same citie, in such sort as King Edward more benefici∣ally, and amply granted the same: and I will and command, that they shall inioy the same well and quietly and honourably with sake, and soke &c.

The next is Belingsgate* 1.136 nowe vsed as an especiall Porte or harborow, for small shippes and boates comming thereto, and is now the largest water gate on the Riuer of Thames, and there∣fore most frequented, the Quéenes Hith being almost forsaken. Now this Gate tooke that name, or of what antiquity the same is,

must leaue vncertaine, as not hauing read any auncient recorde thereof, more then that Geffrey Monmouth* 1.137 writeth, that Belin a King of the Britans, about 400. yeares before Christes nati∣uitie builded this gate, and named it Belins gate, after his owne calling: and that when he was dead, his bodie being burned, the ashes in a vessell of brasse, were set vpon a high pinacle of stone o∣uer the same Gate. But Cesar, and other the Romaine writers, affirme of citties, walles, and gates, as ye haue before heard, and therefore it séemeth to me not to be so auncient, but rather to haue taken that name of some later owner of the place, happily named Belin, as Somars Key, Smarts Key, Froth wharfe, and others thereby tooke their names of their owners: of this gate more shall be saide when we come to Belins Gate warde.

Then haue you a Water gate* 1.138 on the West side of Woolle wharfe, or Customers Key, which is now of late most beautifully enlarged and built, This gate is commonly called the Water∣gate, as being at the South end of Water lane.

One other Water gate there is by the Bulwark of the Tow∣er,* 1.139 and this is the last and farthest water gate Eastward, on the Riuer of Thames, so farre as the cittie of London extendeth with∣in the walles: both which last named water gates bee within the Tower ward.

Besides these common Water gates were diuers priuate wharfes and Keyes* 1.140 all along from the East to the West of this Cittie, on the banke of the Riuer of Thames: Marchants of all nations had landing places, Ware houses, sellers and stowage of their goodes and marchandises, as partly shall bee touched in the Wardes adioyning to the said Riuer, and therefore concerning Gates let this suffice.

Of Towers and Castels.

THe Citie of London (saith Fitzstephens) hath in the East a very great & a most strong Palatine Tower,* 1.141 whose turrets and walles do rise from a deep foundation, the mor∣ter thereof being tempered with the blood of beastes. In the west parte are two most

strong Castels &c. To beginne therefore with the most famous Tower of London, situate in the East, neere vnto the Riuer of Thames, it hath béene the common opinion: and some hans written (but of none assured ground) that Iulius Cesar, the first Conqueror of the Britaines, was the originall Author, and foun∣der aswell thereof, as also of many other Towers, castles, and great buildings within this Realme: but (as I haue alreadie be∣fore noted) Cesar remayned not here so long, nor had hee in his head any such matter,* 1.142 but onely to dispatch a conquest of this bar∣barous countrey, and to procéede to greater matters. Neyther do the Romaine writers make mention of any such buildings erected by him here. And therefore leauing this, and procéeding to more grounded authoritie, I find in a fayre register booke, of the actes of the Bishops of Rochester, set downe by Edmond of Haden∣ham, that William the first (surnamed Conquerour) builded the Tower of London,* 1.143 to wit, the great white and square Tower, there, about the yeare of Christ 1078. appointing Gundulph, then Bishop of Rochester, to be principall surueyer and ouersée∣er of that worke, who was for that time lodged in the house of Edmere a Burgesse of London, the very wordes of which mine Author are these. Gundulphus Episcopus mandato Willielmi Regis magni praefuit operi magnae Turris London. quo tem∣pore hospitatus est apud quendā Edmerum Burgen••em Lon∣don. qui dedit vnum were Ecclesiae Rofen. This was the great square Tower, which was then builded, and hath béene since, at diuers times inlarged with other buildings adioyning, as shall be shewed hereafter.* 1.144 This Tower was by tempest of wind sore sha∣ken in the yeare 1090. the fourth of William Rufus, and was a∣gaine by the said Rufus and Henry the first repayred. They also caused a castle to be builded vnder the said Tower, to wéete, on the South side towardes the Thames.

Othowerus, Acolinillus, Otto, and Geffrey Earle of Essex were foure of the first Constables of this Tower of London, by succession: all which held by force a portion of lande (that pertay∣ned to the Priorie of the holie Trinitie within Aldgate) that is to say, East Smithfield,* 1.145 néere vnto the Tower, making there∣of a Uyneyarde, and woulde not depart from it, till the seconde

yeare of King Stephen, when the same was adiudged and restored to the said Church.* 1.146 This Geffrey Magnauille was Earle of Essex, Constable of the Tower, Sheriffe of London,* 1.147 Middlesex Essex, and Hertford shires, as appeareth by a Charter of Maud the Empresse, dated 1141. He also fortified the Tower of Lon∣don against King Stephen, but the King tooke him in his court at S. Albons, and would not deliuer him till hee had rendred the Tower of London, with the Castels of Walden, and Pleshey in Essex.* 1.148 About the yeare 1190. the second of Richard the first, William Longshampe Bishop of Elie, Chauncellor of England, for cause of dissention betwixt him and Earle Iohn* 1.149 the Kings bro∣ther, that was rebell, inclosed the Tower,* 1.150 and castle of London, with an outward wall of stone imbattailed, and also caused a déepe ditch to be cast about the same, thinking (as I haue said before) to haue enuironed it with the Riuer of Thames. By the making of this ditch in Eastsmithfield, the Church of the holy Trinitie in London lost halfe a marke rent by the yeare, & the Mill was re∣moued that belonged to the poore brethren of the Hospitall of S. Katherine,* 1.151 and to the Church of the Trinitie aforesaid, which was no small losse and discommoditie to eyther part, and the gar∣den which the King had hyred of the brethren for sixe markes the yeare, for the most part was wasted and marred by the ditch. Re∣compence was often promised, but neuer performed, vntill King Edward comming after, gaue to the brethren fiue markes and a half for that part which the ditch had deuoured: and the other part thereof without, he yeelded to them againe, which they hold: and of the said rent of fiue markes and a halfe they haue a déed, by ver∣tue whereof, they are well paid vntill this day.

About the yeare 1239. King Henry the third caused the To∣wer of London to be fortified with bulwarkes,* 1.152 which after they were builded fell downe, and therefore he caused it to be reedified more strongly, to his cost of more then twelue thousand markes.* 1.153

In the yeare 1274. King Edward the first commaunded the Treasurer and Chamberlaine of his Exchequer, to deliuer out of his Treasorie, vnto Giles of Andwarp 200.* 1.154 markes, of the fines, taken of diuers Marchants, or vsurers of London, towardes the worke of the ditch about the Tower of London.

Edward the fourth fortified this Tower, and made if strong.

And in the yeare 1532. King Henry the eight repayred the whyte Tower.* 1.155 Thus much for the foundation and building, in∣crease and maintenance of this Tower. Now somewhat of acci∣dents in the same.

In the year 1196.* 1.156 William Fitzosbart, a cittizen of London seditiously mouing the common people to séeke libertie, and not to be subiect to the rich, and more mighty, at length was taken and brought before the Arrhbishoppe of Canterburie in the Tower,* 1.157 where he was by the iudges condemned, had iudgement, and was by the héeles drawne thence to the Ealmes in Smithfield, and there hanged.

In the yeare 1220. all the Plées belonging to the crowne, were holden in the Tower:* 1.158 and likewise in the yeare 1224. &c.

In the yeare 1222. the cittizens of London hauing made a tumult against the Abbot of Westminster, Hubert of Burgh, chiefe Iustice of England,* 1.159 came to the Tower of London, called before him the Mayor and Aldermen, of whom he enquired for the principall authors of that sedition: amongst whome one named Constantine Fitz Aelulfe* 1.160 auowed, that hee was the man, and had done much lesse then he ought to haue done: Wherevpon the Iustice sent him with two other to Falks de Brent, who with ar∣med men, brought him to the gallowes, and there hanged him & other twaine.

In the yeare 1244. Griffith* 1.161 the eldest sonne of Leoline, prince of Wales, being kept prisoner in the Tower, deuised meanes of es∣cape, and hauing in the night made of the hangings, shéetes, &c. a long line, he put himselfe downe from the toppe of the Tower, but in the slyding, the weight of his body, (being a very bigge and a fette man) brake the rope, and he fell and brake his necke with∣all.

In the yeare 1253. King Henry the thirde, imprisoned the Sheriffes of London in the Tower,* 1.162 more then a moneth, for the escape of a prisoner out of Newgate.

In the yeare 1260. King Henry* 1.163 with his Quéene (for seare of the Barons) were lodged in this Tower. The next yeare hee sent for his Lords, and held his parliament there.

In the yeare 1263. when the Quéene would haue remoued from the Tower by water, towards VVindsore, sundry Londo∣ners got them together to the bridge, vnder the which she was to passe, and not onely cryed out vpon her with reprochfull wordes, but also threw myre & stones at her, by which she was constrained to returne for the time, but in y^e year 1265. the said Citizens were faine to submit themselues to the king for it, and the Mayor, Alder∣men, & Sheriffes were sent to diuers prisons, & a Custos also was set ouer the Citie, to wit, Othon Constable of the Tower, &c.

In the yeare 1282. Leoline Prince of VVales* 1.164 being taken at Blewth Castle, Roger Lestrange cut off his head, which Sir Roger Mortimer caused to be crowned with Iuie, and set it vp∣on the Tower.

In the yeare 1290. diuers Iustices aswell of the Bench,* 1.165 as of the assyses, were sent prisoners to the Tower, which with great sommes of money redéemed their libertie.

In the yeare 1320. the Kinges Iustices sate in the To∣wer,* 1.166 for tryall of matters, wherevpon Iohn Gifors late Mayor of London, and many other fled the Citie for feare of things they had presumptuously done.

In the yeare 1321. the Mortimers yéelding themselues to the King, he sent them prisoners to the Tower, where they remayned long, and were adiudged to be drawne and hanged. But at length Roger Mortimer* 1.167 of Wigmore by giuing to his kéepers a sléepie drinke, escaped out of the Tower, and his vncle Roger being still kept there died about fiue yeares after.

In the year 1326. the Citizens of London wrested y^e keyes of y^e Tower out of the Constables hands, & deliuered all the prisoners.

In the yeare 1330. Roger Mortimer Earle of March was taken and bronght to the Tower, from whence hee was drawne to the Elmes and there hanged.

In the yeare 1344. King Edward the third commaunded Flo∣rences of gold to be made and coyned in the Tower, that is to say, a penie péece of the value of sixe shillinges and eyght pence, the half penie piece, of the value of iij.••.and iiij.••.and a farthing péece worth 20. pence, Perciuall de Porte of Luke being then Maister of the coyne. And this is the first coyning of Gold in the Tower,* 1.168

whereof I haue read, & also the first coyning of Gold in England: for (that I may a little digresse by occasion hereof) I find that in times before passed,* 1.169 all great sommes were paid by wayght of gold or siluer, as so many pounds or marks of siluer, or so many pounds or markes of Gold, as I could proue by many good authorities, which I ouerpasse. The smaller sommes also were paide in star∣lings, which were pence, so called, for other coynes they had none. The antiquitie of this starling penie vsuall in his Realme, is from the raign of Henry the second: notwithstanding, the Saxon coines before the conquest were pence of fine siluer full the weight, and somewhat better then the latter starlings, as I haue tryed by con∣ference of the pence of Burghrede king of Mercia, Aelfred, Ed∣ward, and Edelrod, kings of the West Sexons, Plegmond Arch∣bishop of Canterburie, and others. William the Conquerours* 1.170 penie also was fine siluer of the weight of the Easterling, and had on the one side stamped an armed heade, with a beardles face, (for the Normans did weare no beardes) with a scepter in his hand: the inscription in the circumference was this, Le Rei Wilā on the other side a Crosse double to the ring, betwéene foure row∣als of sixe pointes.

King Henrie the first his pennie was of the like weight, fine∣nes, forme of face, crosse &c.

This Henrie in the eight year of his raigne, ordayned the peny which was round, so to bee quartered, by the crosse, that they might easily bee broken,* 1.171 into halfe pence and farthinges. In the first, second, thirde, fourth, and fift of king Richard the first his raigne, and afterwardes I find commonly Esterling mony menti∣oned, and yet oft times the same is called argent as afore, and not otherwise.

The first great summe that I read of to be paid in Esterlinges, was in the fift of Richard the first, when Robert Earle of Ley∣cester being prisoner in France, proffered for his ransome a thou∣sand markes Esterlinges, notwithstanding the Esterling pence were long before. The weight of the Esterling pennie* 1.172 may ap∣peare by diuers statutes, namely of weights and measures, made in the 51. of Henry the third in these words. Thirtie two graines of Wheat, drie and round, taken in the midst of the eare, should

be the weight of a starling penie, 20. of those pence shoulde waye one ounce, 12. ownces a pound Troy, It followeth in the statute eight pound to make a gallon of Wine, and eight gallons a bushell of London measure; &c. Notwithstanding which Statute, I find in the eight of Edward the first, Gregorie Rokefley Mayor of London, being thiefe Maister or minister of the kinges Ex∣chaunge, or mintes, a new coyne being then appointed, the pound of Esterling money should contayne as afore 12. ownces, to wit, fine siluer, such as was then made into foyle, and was commonly called siluer of Guthurons lane, 11. ounces, two Estarlings, and one ferling or farthing, and the other 17. pence ob. q. to bee lay. Also the pound of money ought to weygh xx.••iij.••.by accompt, so that no pound ought to be ouer xx.••.iiij.••.nor lesse thē xx.••.ij.••. by accompt, the ounce to weigh twenty pence, the penny weyght, 24. graynes (which 24. by weight then appointed, were as much as the former 32. graynes of weight) a pennie force, 25. graynes and a halfe, the pennie deble, or féeble 22. graines and a halfe &c.

Now for the pennie Esterling how it tooke that name, I think good briefly to touch.* 1.173 It hath béene said that Numa Pompilius the second King of the Romaines commanded money first to bee made, of whose name they were called Numi, and when Copper pence, siluer pence, and gold pence were made, because euery sil∣uer pennie was worth ten Copper pence, and euery Gold pennie worth ten siluer pence, the pence therefore were called in Latine Denarij, and oftentimes the pence are named of the matter and stuffe of Gold or siluer. But the money of England was called of the workers and makers thereof: as the Floren of gold is called of the Florentines, that were the workers thereof: and so the Esterling pence tooke their name of the Esterlinges, which did first make this mony in England in the raign of Henry the second.

Thus haue I set downe according to my small reading in anti∣quitie: these money matters, omitting the imaginations of late writers, of whom some haue saide Esterling money to take that name of a starre, stamped in the border, or ring of the pennie: o∣ther some of a birde called a Stare or starling* 1.174 stamped in the cir∣cumference: and other (more vnlikely) of being coyned at Siri∣uelin

or Starling, a towne in Scotland. &c.

Now concerning halfe pence, and Farthinges,* 1.175 the account of which is more subtiller then the pence, I neede not speake of them more, then that they were onely made in the Exchange at Lon∣don, and no where else. The kinges Exchaunge at London,* 1.176 was neare vnto the Cathedrall Church of S. Paule, and is to this day commonly called the old Chaunge, but in Euidences the old Exchange.

The kings Exchaunger, in this place, was to deliuer out to e∣uery other Exchaunger, throughout England, or other the kinges Dominions, their Coyning irons, that is to say, one Standerde, or Staple, and two Trussels, or Punchons: and when the same were spent and woorne, to receiue them with an accounte, what summe had beene coyned, and also their Pix, or Boxe of assay and to deliuer other Irons new grauen, &c.* 1.177 I finde that in the 9. of king Iohn,* 1.178 there was besides the Mint at London, other Mints, at Winchester, Excester, Chicester, Canterbury, Rochester, Ipswitch, Norwitch, Lenn, Lincolne, Yorke, Ca••lell, North∣hampton, Oxforde, S. Edmonds bury, and Durham. The Ex∣changer, Examiner, and Tryer, buyeth the siluer, for Coynage: aunswering for euery 100. ••. of siluer, bought in Bolion, or otherwise, 98. l. 15. ••. for he taketh 25. ••. for coynage.* 1.179

In the yeare 1351. William Edington Bishop of Winche∣ster, and Treasurer of Englande, a wise man, but louing the kinges commodity, more then the wealth of the whole Realme, & common people, (saith mine Author) caused a new coine, called a groate, and a halfe groate, to be coyned and stamped,* 1.180 the groate to be taken for iiij.••.and the halfe groate for ij.••.not conteyning in weight according to the pence called Easterlinges, but much lesse, to wit by v.••.in the pounde: by reason whereof, victuailes, and marchandizes became the dearer, through the whole Realme. Aboute the same time also, the olde coine of golde,* 1.181 was changed in∣to a new, but the old noble (then so called) was worth much aboue the taxed rate of the new, and therefore the Marchantes iugrossed vp the olde, and conueyed them out of the Realme to the greate losse of the kingdome. Wherefore a remedy was prouided by chaunging of the stampe.

In the yeare 1464. king Edwarde the 4. caused a new Coine both of golde* 1.182 and siluer to bee made, whereby he gained much: For he made of an olde Noble a Royal, which he commanded to go for x.••.Neuerthelesse to the same Royal was put 8. ••. of Alay, and so weighed the more, being smitten, with a new stamp, to wit a Rose. He likewise made halfe Angels of 5. ••. and Farthings, of 2. •• 6. ••. Angelets of 6. ••. 8. ••. and halfe Angels 3. ••. 4. ••. He made siluer monies of 3. ••. a groate, and so of other Coynes after that rate, to the greate harme of the commons. William Lorde Ha∣stinges being Maister of the kinges Mintes.

Thus much for Mint and coynage in and by occasion of this Tower, where the chiefe coining hath long continued, vnder cor∣rection of other more skilful may suffice: and now to other acci∣dents here.

In the yeare 1360. the Peace betweene England and France, being confirmed, King Edwarde came ouer into England, and straight to the Tower, to see the French king then prisoner there,* 1.183 whose ransome hee assessed at three millions of Florences, and so deliuered him from Prison, and brought him with honor to the Sea.

In the yere 1381. the Rebels of Kent,* 1.184 drew out of the Tow∣er (where the king was then loged,) Simon Sudbery, Archbishop of Canterbury, Lorde Chauncelor: Robart Hales Prior of S. Iohns, and Treasurer of Englande: William Appleton Frier, the kinges confessor, and Iohn Legge a Sargiant of the kinges, and beheaded them on the Tower hill. &c.

In the yeare 1387. king Richard* 1.185 held his feast of Christmas in the Tower. And in the yeare 1399. the same king was sent prisoner to the Tower.

In the yeare 1414. Sir Iohn Oldecastle brake out of the Tower. And the same yeare a Parliament being holden at Lei∣cester, a Porter of the Tower was drawn, hanged and headed, whose heade was sent vp, and set ouer the Tower gate, for con∣senting to one Whitlooke, that brake out of the Towre.

In the yeare 1419. Fryer Randulph was sent to the Tow∣er, and was there slaine by the Parson of S. Peters in the Tower.

In the yeare 1465. king Henry the 6. was brought priso∣ner

to the Tower, where he remained long. In the yeare, 1470. the Tower was yeelded to the Maior of London, and his Brethren the Aldermen, who forthwith entered the same, and deliuered king Henry, but the next yeare hee was againe sent thether, and there murthered.

In the yeare, 1478. George Duke of Clarence was drow∣ned in the Tower: and within 5. yeares after king Edwarde the 5. with his brother were murdered in the Tower.* 1.186* 1.187 In the yere, 1502. Queene Elizabeth wife of Henry, the 7. died of childebirth in the Tower. In the yeare 1512. the Chappell in the high white Tower was burned. In the yeare 1536. Queene Anne Bullen was beheaded in the Tower. In the yeare 1541. Lady Katheren Howarde wife to king Henry the 8. was also beheaded there.

Thus much for these accidentes: and now to conclude thereof in summarie. This Tower* 1.188 is a citadell, to defend or commande the Citie: A royall palace for assemblies, and treaties. A prison of Estate, for the most daungerous offendors: The onely place of coinage for all Englande at this present. The Armorie for war∣like prouision. The Treasurie of the ornamentes and Iewels, of the Crowne, and generall conseruer of the most auncient Re∣cordes of the kinges Courtes of iustice at Westminster.

The next Tower on the riuer of Thames, is on London bridge at the North ende of the draw bridge.* 1.189 This Tower was new begun to be builded in the yeare, 1426. Iohn Reynwell Maior of London, laide one of the first corner stones, in the foun∣dation of this worke, the other three were laide by the Shiriffes, and Bridgemaisters, vpon euery of these foure stones was engra∣uen in fayre Romaine letters, the name of Ihesus. And these stones, I haue seene laide in the Bridge store house, since they were taken vp, when that Tower was of late newly made of timber. This gate and Tower was at the first stronglie builded vp of stone, and so continued vntill the yere 1577. in the Moneth of Aprill, when the same stone Arched gate, and Tower being de∣cayed was begunne to bee taken downe, and then were the heads of the Traytors remoued thence, and set on the Tower ouer the gate at the bridge foote, towardes Southwarke. This saide Tow∣er

being taken downe a new foundation was drawne: and Sir Iohn Langley Lord Maior layed the first stone in the presence of the Shiriffes, and Bridge maisters, on the 28. of August, and in the Moneth of September, the yeare 1579. the same Tow∣er was finished a beutiful and chargeable peece of worke, all aboue the bridge being of timber.

An other Towre there is on London bridge, to wit, ouer the gate at the South ende of the same bridge* 1.190 towardes South∣warke. This gate with the Tower thereupon, and two Arches of the Bridge fell downe, and no man perished by the fall thereof in the yere, 1436.* 1.191 Towards the new building whereof, diuers, cha∣ritable Citizens gaue large summes of money: which gate being then again new builded, was in the yere 1471. burned by the Mar¦riners and Saylors of Kent, Bastarde Fauconbridge, being theyr Captaine.

In the west part of this citie, (saith Fitzstephen) are two most strong castels &c. Also Garuasius Tilbery, in the raigne of Hen∣ry the second, writing of these castles, hath to this effect. Two Castles (saith hee, are built with walles and rampires, wher∣of one, is in right of succession, Baynardes:* 1.192 the other the Ba∣rons of Mountfitchet: the first of these castles bankying on the riuer Thames, was called Baynardes Castle, of Baynarde, a noble man that came in with the Conqueror, and then builded it and deceased in the yeare of the raigne of William Rufus: after whose decease Geffery Baynarde succeeded, and then William Baynarde, in the yeare 1111. who by forfeyture for felony, lost his Barony, of little Dunmow and king Henry gaue if wholy to Robart Fitz Richard the Sonne of Gilbarte Earle of Clare, and to his heires together with the honor of Baynardes castell. This Robart married Maude de Sent Licio, Lady of Bradham and deceased 1134. was buried at S. Nedes, by Richarde Earle of Clare, his Father. VValter, his sonne succeeded him, hee tooke to wife, Matilde de Becham, and after her decease Matilde de Lucy, on whome he begat Robarte and other, hee deceased in the yeare 1198. and was buried at Dunmow after whome succeeded Robart Fitzwater a valiant knight.

Aboute the yeare 1213. there arose a greate discorde be∣twixt king Iohn, and his Barons, because of Matilde,* 1.193 surna∣med

the fayre daughter, to the sayde Roberte Fitzwater, whome the king vnlawfully loued, but could not obtayne her, nor her fa∣ther woulde consent thereunto, whereupon (and for other like cau∣ses) ensued warre throughout the whole Realme. The Barons were receiued into London, where they greatly indamaged the king, but in the end the king did not onely, (therefore) bannish the said Fitzwater* 1.194 (amongst other), out of the Realme: but also cau∣sed his Castle called Baynarde,* 1.195 and other his houses to be spoiled, which thing being done Matilde, the fayre, a Messenger being sent vnto her,* 1.196 aboute the kinges suite, whereunto shee would not consent, was poisoned. Robert Fitzwater, and some other being then passed into France, and some other into Scotland. &c.

It happened in the yere 1214. king Iohn being then in France with a greate Armie, that a truce was taken beewixt the two kinges of England and France, for the terme of 5. yeares, and a riuer or arme of the sea being then betwixt eyther Host. There was a knight in the English host, that cried to them of the other side, willing some one of their knightes to come and iust a course or twaine with him, whereupon without stay Robert Fitzwater being on the French parte, made himselfe readie, ferried ouer, and got on horsebacke, without any man to helpe him, and shewed himselfe ready to the face of his challenger, whome at the first course, he stroake so harde with his greate Speare, that horse and man fell to the grounde, and when his speare was broken, hee went backe againe to the king of France, which when the king * 1.197 had seene, by Gods tooth (quoth hee) after his vsuall oath, hee were a king indeede, that had such a knight: the frendes of Robert hearing these words, kneeled downe and saide: O King hee is your knight: it is Robert Fitzwater,* 1.198 and thereupon the next day he was sent for, and restored to the kinges, fauour: by which meanes peace was concluded, and he receiued his liuinges, and had licence to repayre his Castle of Baynarde* 1.199 and other Castles.

This Robert deceased in the yeare 1234. and was buried at Dunmow, and VValter his sonne that succeeded him 1258. his Barony of Baynarde, was in the warde of king Henry in the nonage of Robert Fitzwater. This Robert tooke to his second wife Alienor, daughter to the Earle of Ferrars, in the

yeare, 1289. And in the yeare 1303. before Iohn Blund Maior of London, hee acknowledged his seruice to the same Citie for his Castle Baynarde, hee deceased in the yere 1305. and leauing issue Walter Fitz Robert, who had issue Robert Fitzwater* 1.200 who deceased in the yere 1325. vnto whom succeeded Robert Fitz Ro∣bert Fitzwater, &c. More of the Lord Fitzwaters may ye read in my summary and Annales in the 51. of Edward the 3.. But now how this honor of Baynardes Castle with the appurtenances fell from the possession of the Lords Fitzwaters, I haue not read, onely I finde that Humphrey Duke of Glocester,* 1.201 builded it of new, by whose death in the yeare of Christ, 1446. it came to the hands of king Henry the sixt, and from him to Richarde Duke of Yorke, of whome we reade, that in the yeare 1457 hee lodged there, as in his own house: and true it is, that his sonne king Ed∣warde the fourth being dead, and leauing his eldest sonne Edward and his second sonne Richarde, both infantes: there Richarde Duke of Glocester, then Protector, practised for the Crowne, and as it were by election of the Commons, made in the Guild hall of London, tooke vpon him there the title of the Realme, as offered and imposed vpon him: as yee may reade set downe and penned, by Sir Thomas Moore. King Henry the 7. aboute the yeare 1501. the 3. of his raigne, repayred or rather new builded this house not so imbattelled, or so strongly fortified castlelike, but far more beutifull and commodious, for the entertainment of any Prince or greate estate. In the 7. of his raigne hee with his Queene were lodged there, and came from thence to Paules, where they made their offering: dined in the Bishops Palace, and so returned.* 1.202 The eighttenth of his raigne hee was lodged there and the Ambassadors from the king of Romaines were thi∣ther bronght to his presence, and from thence the King came to Pawles and was ther sworne vnto the king of Romaines, as the king had sworne vnto him. This Castle now belongeth to the Earle of Pembrooke. The next Tower, or Castle bankyng also on the Riuer of Thames, was, as is afore shewed, called Mountfiquites Castle,* 1.203 of a noble man, Baron of Mountfitcher the first builder thereof who came in with VVilliam the Con∣queror and was surnamed Le Sir Mountfiquit. This Castle hee

builded in a place not far distant from Baynardes, towardes the West. The same William Mountfiquit liued in the Raigne of Henry the 1. and was witnes to a Charter, then granted to the citie for the Shiriffes of London. Richard Montfiquit liued in king Iohns time: and in the yere 1213. was by the same king ba∣nished the Realme into France, when peraduenture king Iohn caused his Castle of Montfiquit, amongst other Castles of the Barons to bee ouerthrowne: the which after his returne, might be by him againe reedified, for the totall destruction thereof was aboute the yeare 1276. when Robert Kiliwarble, Arch∣bishop of Canterbury beganne the foundation of the house of the Friars Preachers church there, commonly called the Black Friers as appeareth by a Charter, the 10. of Iune, the 4, of Edwarde the 1. remayning of Recorde in the Tower, wherein is declared that Gregory de Rocksley Maior of London, and the Barons* 1.204 of the same Citie granted, and gaue vnto the saide Archbishoppe Robert two lanes or waies next the streete of Baynardes castle and the Tower of Montfiquit, to be applied for the enlargement of the saide Church and place.

A third Tower there was also situate on the riuer of Thames* 1.205 neare vnto the saide Blacke Friers Church, on the west parte thereof, builded at the Citizens charges, but by licence and com∣mandement of Edwarde the 1. and of Edwarde the 2. as appea∣reth by their grantes: which Tower was then finished and so stoode for the space of 300. yeares, and was at the last taken downe by the commandement of Iohn Sha Maior of London in the yeare 1502.

An other Tower or Castle* 1.206 also was there in the west parte of the Citie, perteyning to the king: For I reade that in the yere 1087. the 20. of VVilliam the first, the Citie of London with the Church of S. Paule. being burned, Mauritius then Bishop of London afterwarde began the foundation of a new Church, whereunto king VVilliam (saith mine Author) gaue the choice stones of this Castle standing neare to the banke of the riuer of Thames, at the west ende of the Citie. After this Mauritius, Ri∣charde his successor, purchased the streetes aboue Paules church compassing the same with a wall of stone, and gates.* 1.207 King Hen∣ry

the first gaue to this Richarde so much of the Moate (or wall) of the Castle, on the Thames side to the south, as shoulde be néed∣full to make the said wall of the Churchyarde, and so much more as should suffice to make a way without the wal on the North side &c. This Tower (or Castle) thus destroyed stoode as it may seeme, in place where now standeth the house called Bridewel. For not∣withstanding the destruction of the saide Castle or Tower, the house remayned large, so that the kings of this Realme long after were lodged there, and kept their Courtes: for in the 9. yeare of Henry the thirde the Courte of law and iustice, were kept in the kinges house,* 1.208 wheresoeuer he was lodged, and not else where. And that the kings haue beene lodged and kept their Law courtes in this place, I could shew you many authorities of Recorde, but for plaine proofe this one may suffice. Haec est finalis concordia, facta in Curia Domini regis apud Sanct. Brigid. London a die Sancti Michelis in 15. dies, Anno regni regis Ioha••nis 7. co∣rā G. Fil. Petri. Eustacio de Faucōberg, Iohanne de Gestlinge Osbart filio Heruey, VValter, de Crisping, Iusticiar. & aliis Baronibus Domini regis. More (as Mathew Paris* 1.209 hath) about the yeare 1210. king Iohn in the 12. of his raigne summoned a Parliament at S. Brides in London, where hee exacted of the Clergie and religious persons the summe of 100000. poundes, & besides all this, the white Monkes were compelled to cancell their Priuiledges, and to pay 40000. poundes to the king, &c. This house of S. Brides of latter time being left, and not vsed by the kinges: fell to ruine, insomuch that the verie platforme thereof remayned for greate parte wast, and as it were, but a laystall of filth and rubbish: onely a fayre well remained there: a greate part whereof, namely on the west, (as hath beene said) was giuen to the Bishop of Salisbnry, the other parte towardes the East re∣mayning wast, vntill that king Henry the 8. builded a stately and beutifull house thereupon, giuing it to name Bridewell,* 1.210 of the parish and well there: this house he purposely builded for the en∣tertainement of the Emperor Charles the 5. who in the yeare, 1522. came into this Citie, as I haue shewed in my summary annales, and large chronicles.

On the northwest side of this Citie, neare vnto Redcrosse

streete there was a Tower commonlie called Barbican, or Burh¦kenning,* 1.211 for that the same being placed on a high ground, and also builded of some good height, was in the olde time vsed as a Watch Tower, for the Citie, from whence a man might behold and view the whole Citie towards the South, as also sée into Kent, Sussex, and Surrey, and likewise euery other way east, north, or west.

Some other Burhkennings or (Watch Towers) there were of olde time in and aboute the citie, all which were repayred, yea and others new builded, by Gilbart de Clare earle of Glocester, in the raigne of king Henry, the third, when the Barons were in Armes, and held the citie against the k••ng: but the Barons being reconciled to his fauour in the yeare 1267. hee caused all their Burhkenninges, watch towers, and Bulwarkes made and re∣pared by the said Earle, to be plucked downe, and the ditches to be filled vp: so that nought of them might be séene to remaine: and then was this Burhkenning amongst the rest ouerthrowne and destroyed: and although the ditch neare thereunto, called Hounds ditch was stopped vp, yet the streete of long time after was called Houndes ditch, and of late time more commonly called Barbican. The plot or seate of this Burhkenning or watch tower, king Ed∣warde the thirde in the yeare 1336. and the 10. of his raigne, gaue vnto Robert Efforde Earle of Suffolke, by the name of his Mannor of Base courte, in the parish of S. Giles without Cripple gate of London, commonly called the Barbican.

Tower Royall* 1.212 was of old time the kinges house, but sithence called the Queenes Wardrobe: the Princesse, mother to King Richard the 2. in the 4. of his raigne was lodged there being for∣ced to flie from the tower of London, when the Rebels possessed it: But on the 15. of Iune (saith Frosarde)* 1.213 VVat Tylar being slaine, the king went to this Lady Princesse his mother, then lod∣ged in the Tower Royall, called the Queenes Wardrobe, where she had tarried 2. dayes and 2. nightes: which Tower (sayeth the Recorde of Edwarde the 3. the 36. yeare) was in the Parish of S. Michaell de Pater noster, &c.* 1.214 In the yeare 1386. king Richarde with Queene Anne his wife, kept their Christmas at Eltham, whether came to him Lion king of Ermony vnder pretence to reforme Peace, betwixt thekinges of Englande and

France, but what his comming profited he onely vnderstoode: for besides innumerable giftes, that he receiued of the king, and of the Nobles, the king lying then in this Royall at the Queenes War∣drobe,* 1.215 in London, granted to him a Charter of a thousand pounds by yeare, during his life. Hee was (as hee affirmed) chased out of his kingdome by the Tartarians. The rest concerning this Tower shall you reade when you come to the Vintry warde in which it standeth.

Of Schooles and other houses of Learning.

IN the raigne of king Stephen, and of Henry the second saith Fitzstephen, there were in Lon¦don, thrée principall Churches: which had fa∣mous Schooles,* 1.216 either by priuiledge and aunci∣ent dignitie, or by fauour of some particular per∣sons, as of Doctors which were accounted no∣table and renowned for knowledge in Philosophie. And there were other inferior Schooles also. Upon Festiuall daies the Maisters made solemne meetinges* 1.217 in the Churches, where their Schollers disputed Logically and demonstratiuely, as he termeth it: some bringing Enthimems, other perfect Sillogismes, some disputed for shew, others to trace out the truth: cunning Sophi∣sters were thought braue Schollers, when they flowed with wordes: Others vsed Fallaxes: Rethoritians spake aptly to per∣swade, obseruing the precepts of arte, and omitting nothing that might serue their purpose: the bo••es of diuers Schooles* 1.218 did cap, or potte verses, and contended of the principles of Grammar: there were some, which on the other side with Epigrams and Rymes, nipping and quipping their fellowes, and the faultes of others, though suppressing their names, moued thereby, much laughter among their Auditors: hitherto out of Fitzstephen for Schooles and Schollers, and for their exercises in the Citie, in his dayes, Sithence the which time, as to me it seemeth, by the increase of Colledges and Studients in the Uniuersities of Oxforde and

Cambridge, the frequenting of Schooles and exercises of Schol∣lers in the Citie as had beene accustomed hath much decreased.

The three principall Churches, which had these famous Schooles by priuiledges must needes be at the Cathedrall Church of S. Paule for one, seeing that by a generall Councell holden in the yeare of Christ, 1.176. at Rome, in the Patriarchie of Lata∣rane,* 1.219 it was decreede that euery Cathedrall Church should haue his Schoolemaister to teach poore Schollers* 1.220 and others as had beene accustomed, and that no man shoulde take any reward for licence to teach. The second as most ancient may seeme to haue been the Monasterie of S. Peter at VVestminster, whereof Iu∣gulphus* 1.221 (Abbote of Crowland in the raign of William the Con∣queror writeth thus:) I Iugulphus an humble seruant of God borne of English parentes, in the most beutifull Citie of London, for to attaine to learning, was first put to VVest∣minster* 1.222 and after to study at Oxforde, &c. And writing in praise of Queene Edgitha, wife to Edwarde the Confessor, I haue seene her, saith hee, often when being but a boy, I came to see my father dwelling in the Kinges courte, and of∣ten comming from Schoole, when I met her, she would oppose me, touching my learning, and lesson, & falling from Gram∣mar to Logicke, wherein she had some knowledge, she would subtilly conclude an argument with mee, and by her hande∣maiden giue me 3. or 4. peeces of money, and send me vnto the Palace where I should receiue some victuals, and then be dismissed.

The third Schoole seemeth to haue beene at the Monasterie of S. Sauiour at Barmondsey in Southwark: for other Priories, as of S. Iohn by Smithfielde, S. Bartlemew, in Smithfielde. S. Marie Ouery in Southwarke, and that of the Holy Trinity by Aldgate, were all of later foundation, and the Friories, Collea∣ges, and Hospitals in this Citie, were raised since them, in the raignes of Henry the 3, Edward the 1. 2. and 3. &c. Al which hou∣ses had their Schooles, though not so famous as these first named.

But touching Schooles more lately aduanced in this Citie, I reade, that king Henry the fift hauing suppressed the Priories* 1.223 aliens whereof some were aboute London, namely one Hospitall,

called Our Lady of Rounciuall by Charing Crosse: one other Hospitall in Oldbourne: one other without Cripplegate: and the fourth without Aldersgate, besides other that are now worn out of memorie and whilest there is no monument remayning more then Rounciuall conuerted to a brotherhoode which continued till the raign of Henry the 8. or Edward the 6. this I say, and o∣ther their schools being broken vp and ceased: king Henry the sixt in the 24. of his raigne, by patent, appointed that there should be in London, Grammar schooles, besides S. Paules, at S. Martins* 1.224 Le Grand, S. Marie Le Bow, in Cheap, S. Dunstons in the west and S. Anthonies. And in the next yere to wit, 1394. the said king ordeyned by Parliament that foure other Grammar schools shold be erected, to wit in the parishes of S. Andrew in Oldborne,* 1.225 Alhallowes the greate in Thames streete, S. Peters. v∣pon Cornehill, and in the Hospitall of S. Thomas of Acons in west Cheape, since the which time as diuers scholes by suppres∣sing of religious houses (whereof they were members) in the raign of Henry the 8. haue been decayed, so again haue some others been newly erected, and founded for them: as namely Paules schoole,* 1.226 in place of an old ruined house was builded in most ample manner, and largely indowed, in the yeare 1512. by Iohn Collet Doctor of Diuinity Deane of Paules, for 153. poore mens children: for which there was ordeyned a Maister, Surmaister, or Usher, and a Chaplen. Againe in the yeare 1553. after the erection of Christes hospitall* 1.227 in the late dissolued house of the Gray Friers, a great number of poore children being taken in a Schole was also ordaned there, at the Citizens charges. Also in the yere 1561. the Marchant Taylors* 1.228 of London: founded one notable free Grammar Schoole, in the parish of S. Lawrence Poultney by Candleweeke streete, Richard Hils late maister of that Com∣pany: hauing giuen 500. ••. toward the purchase of an house, called the Mannar of the Rose, sometime the Duke of Buckinghams, wherin the School is kept. As for the meeting of the Schoolemai∣sters, on festiuall daies, at festiuall churches, & the disputing of their Schollers* 1.229 Logically &c. whereof I haue before spoken, the same was long since discontinued: But the arguing of the Schoole boyes aboute ••th principles of Grammar, hath beene conti∣nued euen till our time: for I my selfe in my youth haue yearelie

seene on the Eue of S. Bartlemew the Apostle, the schollers of diuers Grammar schooles repaire vnto the Churchyard of S. Bartlemew, the Priorie in Smithfielde, where vpon a banke boorded aboute vnder a Tree, some one Scholler hath stepped vp, and there hath appoased and answered, till he were by some better Scholler ouercome and put down: and then the ouercomer, ta∣king the place, did like as the first: and in the end the best apposars and answerers had rewards, which I obserued not, but it made both good Schoolemasters, and also good Schollers, diligently a∣gainst suchtimes to prepare themselues for the obtayning of this garland. I remember there repayred to these exercises amongst o∣thers the Maisters & Schollers of the free Schooles of S. Paules in London: of S. Peters at Westminster: of S. Thomas Acons Hospitall: and of S. Anthonies Hospitall: whereof the last na∣med commonly presented the best schollers: and had the prize in those daies.

This Priorie of S. Bartlemew, being surrendred to H. the 8. those disputations of Schollers in that place succeased.* 1.230 And was again (onely for a yere or twaine) in the raigne of Edward the 6. reuiued in the Cloystre of Christes Hospitall, where the best Schollers then stil of S. Anthonies schoole, howsoeuer the same be now fallen, both in number and estimation, were rewarded with bowes and arrowes of siluer giuen to them by Sir Martin Bowes Goldsmith: neuerthelesse howsoeuer the encourage∣ment fayled, the children mindfull of the former vsage did for a long season disorderly in the open streetes, prouoke one an other with salue tu quoque, placet tibi mecum disputare, placet: and so proceeding from this to questions in Grammar, they vsually fel from that to blowes, many times in so great heapes that they trobled the streets, & passengers, so that finally they wer restrained.

Of latter time, in the yeare of Christ, 1582. there was founded a publike lecture in Chirurgerie to bee reade in the Colledge of Phisitions,* 1.231 in Knight-riders streete, and to begin in the yeare 1584. on the 6. of May: and so to be continued for euer twice in euery weeke, on wednesday and Friday, by the honora∣ble Baron, Iohn Lorde Lombley and the learned Richarde Caldwell Doctor in Phisicke: the Reader whereof to bee Richarde Forster, Doctor of Phisicke during his life. Fur∣thermore

about the same time there was also begunne a Ma∣thematicall lecture to be read in a fayre olde Chappell,* 1.232 builded by Simon Eayre, within the Leaden hall: wherof a learned Citizen borne, named Thomas Hood was the first Reader. But this Chappell and other parts of that hall being imployed for stowage of goodes taken out of a great Spanish Caracke, the said Lecturs ceased any more to be read, and was then in the yeare 1588. read in the house of M. Thomas Smith in Grasse stréete, &c.

Last of all S. Thomas Gresham knight,* 1.233 Agent to the Quéens Highnesse, by his last wil and testament made in the yeare 1579. gaue the Royall Exchaunge, and all the buyldings thereunto ap∣pertayning, that is to say, the one moytie to the Mayor and com∣munaltie of London and their successors, vpon trust that they per∣forme as shalbe declared: and the other moitie to the Mercers in like confidence. The Mayor and communaltie are to find foure to reade Lectures, of Diuinitie, Astronomie, Musicke, and Geo∣metrie, within his dwelling house in Bishopsgate stréete, and to bestow the summe of 200, ••. to wit 50. ••. the péece &c. The Mercers likewise are to find thrée Readers, that is in Ciuill law, Phisicke, and Rethorick within the same dwelling house, the sum of 150. ••. to euery Reader 50. ••. &c. Which gift hath béene since that time confirmed by Parliament, to take effect, and beginne after the decease of the Lady Anne Gresham, which happened in the yeare 1596. and so to continue for euer. Whereupon the Lecturers were accordingly chosen and appointed to haue begun their readinges in the moneth of Iune 1597. &c. which also they do at this time performe. Whose names be Anthonie Wootton for Diuinitie, Doctor Mathew Guin for Phisick, Doctor Henry Mountlow for the Ciuill lawe, Doctor Iohn Bull for Musicke, Breerewood for Astronomie, Henry Brigges for Geometrie, and Caleb VVillis for Rethoricke, to the great delight of many both learned and louers of learning. These Lectures are read dayly in the terme times, by euery one vpon his day, in the morning be∣twixt 9. and 10. in Latine: in the afternoone betwixt 2: and 3. in English, saue that D. Bull is dispensed with to reade the Musicke Lecture in English onely vpon two seuerall dayes, Thursday and Saterday in the after noones, betwixt 3. and 4. of the clocke.

Houses of students of the Com∣mon Lawe.

BUt besides all this there is in and about this Citie a whole Uniuersitie* 1.234 (as it were) of students, practisers or pleaders and Iudges of the laws of this realme, not liuing of com∣mon stipends (as in other Uniuersities it is for the most part done) but of their own pri∣uate maintenance, as being altogether fedde eyther by their places, or practise, or other∣wise by their proper reuenew, or exhibition of parents and friends: for that the younger sort are eyther gentlemen, or the sonnes of gentlemen, or of other most wealthie persons.* 1.235 Of these houses, there be at this day 14. in all, whereof 9. do stand within the liber∣ties of the Citie, and 5. in the subburbes thereof, to wit:

Sergeants Inne in Fleetstreet	for Iudges & Sergeants only
Sergeants Inne in Chancery lane
The Inner Temple	in Fleetstreete, houses of Court.
The Middle Temple
Within the liberties.	Cliffords Inne in Fleetstreet
Thauies Inne in Oldborne
Furniuals Inne in Oldborne	houses of Chauncerie
Barnards Inne, in Oldborne
Staple Inne in Oldborne
Grayes Inne in Oldborne
Lincolnes Inne, in Chancerie, lane by the old Temple in Oldborne.	houses of Court
Without the liberties.	Clements Inne
New Inne	houses of Chauncerie, without Temple barre.
Lyons Inne

One other Inne of Chauncery sometime there was, called Chesters Inne,* 1.236 for the néerenes to the Bishop of Chesters house, but more commonly tearmed Strand Inne, for that it stoode néere to the Strand bridge without temple Barre: the which and o∣ther dwelling houses néere adioyning, were pulled downe in the raigne of king Edward the sixt, by Edward Duke of Sommerset and Protector of the realme, who in place thereof raised that beau∣tifull (but yet vnperfect house) called Sommerset house. There was moreouer in the raigne of King Henrie the sixt, a tenth house of Chauncerie, mentioned by Iustice Fortscue in his booke of the Lawes of England, but where it stood or when it was abandoned I cannot finde, and therefore I will leaue it, and returne to the rest.

The houses of Court* 1.237 bee replenished partly with young stu∣dentes, and partly with graduates and practisers of the law: but the Innes of Chauncery being as it were, prouinces, seuerally subiected to the Innes of Court, be chiefly furnished with Officers Atturneyes, Soliciters, and clarkes, that follow the courtes of the Kings Bench, or common place: and yet there want not some other being young students, that come thether sometimes from one of the vniuersities, and sometimes immediatly from Gram∣mer schools, and these hauing spent some time in studying vpon the first elements and grounds of the lawe, and hauing performed the exercises of their owne houses (called Boltas Mootes, and putting of cases) they procéed to be admitted, and become students in some of these foure houses or Innes of Court, where continuing by the space of seuen yeares (or thereaboutes) they frequent readinges, méetinges, boltinges, and other learned exercises, whereby grow∣ing ripe in the knowledge of the lawes, and approued withall to be of honest conuersation, they are eyther by the generall consent of the Benchers (or Readers) being of the most auncient, graue, and iudiciall men of euery Inne of the Court, or by the special pri∣uiledge of the present reader there, selected and called to the degrée of Vtter Barresters, and so enabled to bee common counsellers, & to practise the lawe, both in their chambers and at the Barres.

Of these after that they be called to a further steppe of prefer∣ment, (called the Bench) there are twaine euery yeare chosen a∣mong

the Benchers, of euery Inne of Court, to be readers there, who do make their readings at two times in the yeare also: that is, one in Lent, and the other at the beginning of August.

And for the helpe of young students in euery of the Innes of Chauncery, they do likewise choose out of euery one Inne of court a Reader (being no Bencher) but an Vtter Barrester there, of 10 or 12. yeares continuance, and of good profite in studie. Nowe from these of the said degrée of Councellors (or Vtter Barrester) hauing continued therein the space of fourtéene or fiftéene yeares at the least, the chiefest and best learned, are by the benchers elected to increase the number (as I said) of the Bench amongst them, and so in their time doe become first single, and then double rea∣ders, to the students of those houses of Court: after which last reading they be named Apprentices at the lawe,* 1.238 and in default of a sufficient number of Sargeantes at law, these are (at the pleasure of the prince) to be aduaunced to the places of Sergeants: out of which number of Sergeants also the void places of Iudges are likewise ordinarily filled, albeit now and then some be aduan∣ced by the speciall fauour of the Prince, to the estate, dignitie and place, both of Sergeant and Iudge, as it were in one instant. But from thenceforth they hold not any roome in those Innes of court, being translated to one of the said two Innes, called Sergeantes Innes, where none but the Sergeants and Iudges do conuere.

Of Orders & Customes.

OF Orders and Customes in this Citie of old time Fitz Stephen saith as followeth: Men of all trades,* 1.239 sellers of all sortes of wares, labourers in euerie worke, euerie morning are in their distinct and seuerall places: furthermore, in London vppon the riuer side, betweene the wine in shippes, and the wine to bee solde in Tauernes, is a common cookerie or cookes rowe, there dayly for the season of the yeare, men might haue meate, rost, sod or fried: fish, flesh, fowles, fit for rich and poore. If any come sodainely to

any Cittizen from a farre, wearie and not willing to tarry till the meate be bought, and dressed, while the seruant bringeth water for his maysters handes, and fetcheth bread, hee shall haue immediately from the riuers side, all viandes whatsoe∣uer he desireth, what multitude soeuer eyther of soldiers or straungers doe come to the Citie, whatsoeuer houre day or night according to their pleasures may refresh themselues, & they which delight in delicatenesse may bee satisfied with as delicate dishes there, as may be found els where. And this cookes rowe is very necessarie to the Citie: and (according to Plato in Gorgias) next to Phisicke, is the office of cookes, as part of a Citie.

Without one of the gates is a plain field,* 1.240 both in name and deede, where euery fryday (vnlesse it bee a solemne bidden holy day) is a notable shew of horses to bee sold, Earles, Bar∣rons, Knights, and Citizens repayre thether to see, or to buy: there may you with pleasure see amblers pacing it deli∣cately: there may ye see trotters fit for men of armes, sitting more hardly:* 1.241 ther may you haue notable young horse not yet brokē: there may you haue strong steeds wel limmed, geldings whom the buyers do especially regarde for pace, and swiftnes: the boyes which ride these horses, sometime two, sometime three, doe runne races for wagers, with a desire of praise, or hope of victorie. In an other part of that field are to be sold all implements of husbandrie, as also fat swine, milch kine, sheepe and oxen: there stand also mares and horses, fitte for ploughes and teames with their young coltes by them. At this citie* 1.242 Marchante strangers of all nations had their keyes and wharfes:* 1.243 the Arabians sent gold: the Sabians spice and frankensence: the Scithian armour, Babilon oile, Indian purple garments, Egipt precious stones, Norway and Russia Ambergrese, & Sables, & the French men wine. According to the truth of Chronicles, this Citie is ancienter then Rome,* 1.244 built of the auncient Troians and of Brute, before that was built by Romulus, and Rhemus: and therefore vseth the aun∣cient customes of Rome. This Citie euen as Rome, is diui∣ded into Wardes: it hath yearely Shiriffes in steed of Con∣sulles:

it hath the dignitie of Senators in Aldermen. It hath vnder Officers, Common Sewers, and Conduictes in streetes, according to the qualitie of causes, in hath generall Courtes: and assemblies vpon appointed dayes. I doe not thinke that there is any Cittie, wherein are better customes,* 1.245 in frequen∣ting the Churches, in seruing God, in keeping holy dayes, in giuing almes, in entertayning straungers in solemnizing Mar∣riages, in furnishing banquets, celebrating funerals, and bury∣ing dead bodies.

The onely plagues of London, is immoderate quassing a∣mong the foolish sort, and often casualties by fire.* 1.246 Most part of the Bishops, Abbots, and great Lordes of the land haue houses there, whereunto they resort, and bestow much when they are called to Parliament by the king, or to counsell by their Metropolitane, or otherwise by their priuate businesse.

Thus far Fitzstephen of the estate of these things in his time, whereunto may be added the present, by conference whereof, the alteration will easily appeare.

Men of trades and sellers of wares in this City haue often times since chaunged their places, as they haue found their best aduan∣tage. For whereas Mercers and Haberdashers vsed to kéepe their shoppes in West Cheape, of later time they held them on London Bridg, where partly they yet remayne. The Gold∣smithes of Gutherons lane, and old Exchaunge, are now for the most part remoued into the South side of west Cheap: the Pepe∣rers and Grocers of Sopers lane, are now in Buckles berrie, & other places: the Drapers of Lombardstréete and of Cornehill, are seated in Candlewickstréete and Watheling streete: the Skinners from S. Mary Pellipers, or at the Axe, into Budgerow and Walbrooke: The Stockefishmongers* 1.247 in Thames stréete: wette Fishmongers in Knightriders stréete, and Bridge stréete: The Ironmongers of Ironmongers lane, and old Iury, in∣to Thames stréete: the Uinteners from the Uinetrée into di∣uers places. But the Brewers for the more parte remaine néere to the friendly water of Thames: the Butchers in East∣cheape, and S. Nicholas Shambles: the Hosyers of olde time in Hosyer lane, neare vnto Smithfield, are since remoued into Cord∣wayner

stréete, the vpper part thereof by Bow Church, and last of all into Birchouerislane by Cornehill: the Sh••omakers and Curryars of Cordwaynerstreete, remoued the one to S. Martins Le Graund, the other to London wall neare vnto Moregate, the Founders remayne by them selues in Lothebery: Cokes, or Pastelars for the more part in Thames street, the other dispersed into diuers parts. Powlters of late remoued out of the Powltry betwixt the Stockes and great Conduite in Cheape into Grasse∣streete and S. Nicholas Shambles: Bowyars, from Bowyer∣rowe by Ludgate, into diuers places, and almost worne out with the Fletchers: Pater noster Beade makers and Text Wri∣ters are gone out of Pater Noster Rowe into Stationers of Paules Church yard: Patten makers of S. Margaret Pat∣tens lane, cleane worne out: Laborers euery worke daye are to bee found in Cheape about Sopars lane ende, horse coursers and Sellars of Oxen, Sheepe, Swine, and such like, remaine in their olde market of Smithfilde &c.

That Marchants of all Nations had their Keyes and wharfes at this City whereunto they brought their Marchandises before, and in the raigne, of Henry the second mine author wrote of his owne knowledge to be true, though for the antiquitie of the citie, he tooke the common opinion. Also that this citie was in his time and afore deuided into wards, had yearly Sherifs, Aldermen, ge∣neral courts, and assemblies, & such like notes by him set down, in commendation of the cittizens (whereof there is no question) hee wrote likewise of his owne experience, as being borne & brought vp amongst them.* 1.248

And concerning Marchandises then thither transported (wher∣of happily may bee some argument) Thomas Clifforde (before Fitz Stephens time) writing of Edward the Confessor, saith to this effect: King Edward intending to make his Sepulcher at Westminster, for that it was neere to the famous citie of Lon∣don and the Riuer of Thames, that brought in all kinde of Mar∣chandises, from all parts of the world &c. And William of Malms∣berie,* 1.249 that liued in the raygne of William the first and seconde, Henry the first, and king Stephen, calleth this a noble Citie, full of wealthie cittizens, frequented with the trade of Marchandises

from all parts of the world. Also I reade in diuers records that of olde time no woade was stowed or harbored in this Citty but all was presently solde in the ships, except by licence purchased of the Sheriffes, till of more latter time, to wit, in the yeare 1236. An∣drew Bokereil being Mayor, by assent of the principall Citizens, the Marchants of Amiens, Nele and Corby, purchased letters insealed with the common seale of the Cittie, that they when they come, might harborow their woades, and therefore should giue the Mayor euery yeare 50. markes starling: and the same yeare they gaue 100. •• towards the conueying of water from Tyborne to this Citie. Also the Marchants of Normandie made fine for licence to harbor their woads, till it was otherwise prouided. In the yeare 1263. Thomas Fitz Thomas, being Mayor, &c. which proueth that then (as afore) they were here, amongst other nati∣ons priuiledged.

It followeth in Fitz Stephen, that the plagues of London in that time were immoderate quaffing among fooles, and of∣ten casualties by fire. For the first, to wit of quaffing, it conti∣nueth as afore, though greatly qualified among the poorer sort not of any holy abstinencie, but of méer necessitie, Ale and Béere being small, and wines in price aboue their reach. As for preuention of casualties by fire (the houses in this citie being then builded all of timber and couered with thatch of straw or réed) it was long since, thought good policie in our forefathers, wisely to prouide, namely in the yeare of Christ 1189.* 1.250 the first of Richard the first,* 1.251 Henry Fitzalwine being then Mayor,* 1.252 that all men in this cittie shoulde build their houses of stone vp to a certaine height, and to couer them with slate, bricke or tyle: since the which time (thanks be giuen to God) there hath not happened the like, often consuming and denouring fiers in this cittie as afore. But now in our time in steade of these inormities: others are come in place no lesse meet to be reformed: and first, and namely, Purprestures,* 1.253 or in••roch∣ments on the high wayes, lanes, and common grounds, in and a∣bout this citie, wherof alearned & graue citizen hath lately written & exhibited a booke (as I heare) to the Mayor and communaltie.

Then the number of Carres, Drayes, and Coatches, more then hath beene accustomed, the streetes and lanes being strength∣ned,

must needes be daungerous, as dayly experience proueth. I know that by the good lawes and customes of this cittie, shodde cartes are forbidden to enter, except vpon reasonable causes, (as seruice of the Prince, or such like) they be tollerated. Also that the forehorse of euery cariage should bee lead by hande: but these good orders are not obserued. Of old time coatches were not knowne in this Island, but chariots, or Whirlicotes, and they onely vsed of Princes or great estates, such as had their footmen about them: I reade that Rychard the second being threatened by the rebelles of Kent, rode from the Tower of London to the Myles end,* 1.254 and with him his mother in a Wherlicote,* 1.255 the Earls of Buckingham, Kent, Warwicke, and Oxford, Sir Thomas Perie, Sir Ro∣bert Knowles, the Mayor of London, Sir Auberie de Vere, that bare the Kinges sword, with other Knightes and Esquires attending on horsebacke. But in the yeare next following the said King Richard tooke to wife Anne daughter to the King of Bo∣heme, that first brought hither the riding vpon side saddles,* 1.256 and so was the riding in Wherlicoates and chariots forsaken, except at coronations and such like spectacles: but now of late yeares the vse of coatches is taken vp, and made so common, as there is ney∣ther distinction of time, nor difference of persons obserued.

Last of all mine Author in this Chapter hath these words: Most part of the Bishops,* 1.257 Abbots, and great Lordes of the land, as if they were Citizens & free men of London, had many fayre houses to resort vnto, and many rich and wealthy gentlemen spent their money there. And in an other place hee hath these words: Euery Sonday in Lent a fresh company of young men comes into the fields on horsebacke, and the best horsemen conducteth the rest: then martch forth the Citizens sonnes, and other young men with disarmed launces and shieldes, & practise feates of warre: many Courtiers likewise and atten∣dants of noble men repaire to this exercise, & whilst the hope of victorie doth enflame their mindes, they doe shewe good proofe how seruiceable they would be in martial affaires &c. Againe he saith: This Citie in the troublesome time of King Stephen shewed at a muster 20000. armed horsemen, and 40000. footemen, seruiceable for the warres. &c. All which

sayinges of the said Author well considered, do plainely proue, that in those dayes, the inhabitantes & repayrers to this Citie of what estate soeuer, spirituall or temporall, hauing houses here, liued to∣gether in good amitie, euery man obseruing the customes and or∣der of the Citie, and chose to be contributarie to charges here, ra∣ther then in any part of the land wheresoeuer: This cittie being the hart of the Realme, the Kinges chamber, and Princes seate whereunto they made repayre, and shewed their forces, both of horses and of men, which caused in troublesome time (as of king Stephen) the Musters of this Citie to be so great in number.* 1.258

And here to touch somewhat of the great families and housholds kept in former times I reade that in the 36. of Henry the sixt, the great estates being called vp to London, the Earle of Salesbury came with 500. men on horsebacke, and was lodged in the Her∣ber: Richard Duke of Yorke with 400. men lodged at Bay∣nards Castle: the Dukes of Excester, and Sommerset with 800. men. The Earle of Northumberland, the Lord Egre∣monte, and the Lord Clifford with 1500. men. Richard Ne∣uell Earle* 1.259 of Warwicke with 600. men, all in redde iackets, im∣brodered with ragged staues before and behind, and was lodged in VVarwicke lane: in whose house there was oftentimes ••ixe Oxen eaten at a breakefast, and euery Tauerne was full of his meat, for he that had any acquaintance in that house, might haue there so much of sodden and roste meate, as hee coulde pricke and carry vpon a long dagger. Nicholas VVest Bishoppe of Ely* 1.260 in the yeare 1532. kept continually in his house, an hun∣dred seruants giuing to the one half of them 53. ••. foure pence the peece yearely: to the other halfe each 40. ••. the péece: to euery one for his winter gowne, foure yardes of broad cloth, and for his sommer coate three yardes and a halfe: hee dayly gaue at his gates besides bread and drinke, warme meat to two hundred poore people. The house kéeping of Edward late Earle of Darby* 1.261 is not to be forgotten who had 220. men in Checke Rolle: his fée∣ding aged persons, twice euery day sixtie and odde, besides all com∣mers thrice a weeke, and euery good Fryday 2700. with meate drinke and money.

Thomas Audley* 1.262 Lord Chauncelor, his family of gentlemen,

before him in coates garded with Ueluet, and chaines of Golde: his yeomen after him in the same liuery not garded. VVilliam Powlet Lord great mayster, Marquis of Winchester, kept the like number of Gentlemen and yeomen in a liuery of Reding Tawney. Thomas Lord Cromwell Earle of Essex kept the like or greater number in a liuerie of gray marble, &c. the gen∣tlemen garded with Ueluet, and the yeomens with the same cloth.

These, as all other of those times gaue great reliefe to the poore, and I haue oft séene at that Lorde Cromwels gate, more then two hundred persons serued twice euery day with breade, meate, and drinke.

Edward Duke of Sommerset* 1.263 was not inferior in kéeping a number of tall Gentlemen and yeomen. These (I say) and all other men of honour and worshippe then lodging in this Citie, or within the liberties therof, did without grudging, beare their part of charges with the Citizens, according to their estimated estates, without the which, those musters of old time could not haue béene so great.

And thus I end touching vsuall Orders and Customes of this citie.

Sports and pastimes of old time vsed in this Citie.

LEt vs now saith (Fitz Stephen) come to the sportes and pastimes,* 1.264 séeing it is fitte that a cittie should not onely be commodi∣ous and serious, but also merrie and sport∣full: whereupon in the seales of the Popes, vntil the time of Pope Leo, on the one side was Saint Peter; fishing with a keye ouer him, reached as it were by the hande of God out of heauen, and about it this verse. Tu pro me nauem liquisti, ••uscipe clauem. And on the other side was a cittie, and this inscription on it, Aurea Roma. Likewise to the prayse of Augustus Cesar, and the ci∣tie,

in respect of the shewes and sportes was written,

Nocte pluit tota redeunt spectacula mane, &c.

All night it raynes, and showes at morrowtide returne again. And Cesar with almigtie Ioue hath matcht any equall raigne. But London for the shews vpon Theaters, & Comical pastimes, hath holy playes representations of miracles,* 1.265 which holy confes∣sors haue wrought, or representations of tormentes wherein the constancie of Martirs appeared. Euery yeare also at Shrouetuse∣day (that we may beginne with childrens sports, séeing we al haue béene children) the schoole boyes do bring cockes of the game to their Mayster, and all the forenoone they delight themselues in cockfighting:* 1.266 after dinner all the youthes goe into the fieldes, to play at the ball.* 1.267 The schollers of euery schoole haue their ball (or bastion) in their hands: the auncient and wealthy men of the Citie come forth on horsebacke to sée the sport of the young men, and to take parte of the pleasure in beholding their agilitie. Euery Fry∣day in Lent a fresh company of young men comes into the fielde on horsebacke,* 1.268 and the best horsemen conducteth the rest. Then march forth the citizens sonnes, and other young men with disar∣med launces and shieldes, and there they practise feates of warre. Many Courtiers likewise when the king ••yeth néere, and atten∣dants of noble men do repayre to these exercises, and while the hope of victorie doth inflame their mindes, do shew good proofe how ser∣uiceable they would bee in martiall affayres. In Easter holidaies they fight battailes on the water,* 1.269 a shield is hanged vpon a pole, fixed in the midst of the streame, a boat is prepared without oares to be carryed by violence of the water, and in the ••ore part thereof standeth a young man, readie to giue charge vpon the shield with his launce: if so be he breaketh his launce against the shield, and doth not fall, he is thought to haue performed a worthy déede. If so be (without breaking his launce, hee runneth strongly against the shield, downe hee falleth into the water, for the boate is vio∣lently forced with the tide, but on each side of the shielde ride two boates furnished with young men, which recouer him that falleth as soone as they may, Upon the bridge, wharfes, and houses, by the riuers side, stand great numbers to sée, and laugh thereat. In the holy dayes all sommer the youths are exercised in leaping, dancing, shooting, wrastling,* 1.270 casting the stone, and practizing their

shieldes: the maydens trippe it with their Timbrelles, and daunce* 1.271 as long as they can well sée. In winter euery holy day before dinner, the Boares prepared for brawne are set to fight,* 1.272 or els Bulles and Beares are bayted.

When the great fenne or Moore (which watereth the walles of the citie on the North side) is frozen, many young men play vp∣on the yce,* 1.273 some stryding as wide as they may, doe slide swiftly: others make themselues seates of ice, as great as milstones: one sits downe, many hand in hand do drawe him, and one slipping on a sudden, all fall together: some tye bones to their féete, and vnder their heeles, and shouing themselues by a little picked staffe, doe slide as swiftly as a birde flyeth in the aire, or an arrow out of a crossebow. Sometime two runne together with poles, and hit∣ting one the other, eyther one or both doe fall, not without hurt: some break their armes, some their legs, but youth desirous of glo∣rie, in this sort exerciseth it selfe against the time of warre: Many of the citizens do delight themselues in Haukes, and houndes,* 1.274 for they haue libertie of hunting in Middlesex, Hartfordshire, all Chiltron, and in Kent to the water of Cray. Thus farre Fitz∣Stephen of sports.

These, or the like exercises haue béene continued till our time, namely in stage playes,* 1.275 whereof ye may reade in Anno 1391. a play to be plaide by the parish Clearkes of London at the Skin∣ners well besides Smithfield: which play continued thrée dayes together,* 1.276 the King, Quéene, and Nobles of the realme being pre∣sent. And of another, plaide in the yeare 1409. which lasted eight daies, and was of matter from the creation of the worlde, whereat was present most part of the nobilitie, and gentrie of Eng∣land &c. Of late time in place of those Stage playes, hath béene vsed Comedies, Tragedies, enterludes, and histories, both true and fayned: For the acting whereof certaine publike places, as the Theater, the Curtine,* 1.277 &c. haue béene erected. Also cockes of the game are yet cherished by diuers men for their pleasures, much money being laid on their heades, when they fight in pits, where∣of some be costly made for that purpose. The Ball is vsed by no∣ble men and gentlemen in Tennis courtes,* 1.278 and by people of mea∣ner sort in the open fieldes, and stréetes. The youthes of this ci∣tie

time out of mind, haue left off to practise the disarmed launce, & shielde on horsebacke in the fieldes, but I haue séene some few vp∣on the Riuer of Thames rowed in boates, with staues flat at the fore••end, running one against another, and for the most part ey∣ther one, or both ouerthrowne and well ducked. On the holydaies in sommer the youthes of this Citie, haue in the fields exercised themselues in leaping, dauncing, shooting, wrastling,* 1.279 casting of the stone or Ball &c. And for defence and vse of the weapon, there is a speciall profession of men that teach it. Yee may reade in mine Annalles, how that in the yeare 1222. the citi∣zens kept games of defence,* 1.280 and wrestlings néere vnto the Hospi∣tall of Saint Giles in the fielde, where they challenged, and had the masterie of the men in the suburbes, and other commers &c. Al∣so in the yeare 1453. of a tumult made against the Mayor, at the wrestling besides Clarkes well &c. which is sufficient to proue that of olde time the exercising of wrestling, and such like hath beene much more vsed then of latter yeares. The youthes of this citie, also haue vsed on holy dayes after euening prayer, at their may∣sters dores, to exercise their wasters and bucklers:* 1.281 and the mai∣dens (one of them playing on a Timbrel) in sight of their maisters * 1.282 and Dames to daunce for garlandes hanged thwart the streetes, which open pastimes in my youth, being now suppressed: worser practizes within dores are to be feared: as for the bayting of Buls and Beares, they are till this day much frequented. Slyding vp∣on the Ice is now but childrens play: but in hauking and hunting many graue citizens, at this present haue great delight, and do ra∣ther want leasure then good will to follow it. Of triumphant shewes* 1.283 made by the citizens of London, ye may reade in the year 1236. the 20. of Henry the third, Andrew Bockwell then being Mayor, howe Helianor daughter to Reymonde earle of Pro∣uance, riding through the citie towards Westminster, there to be crowned Quéene of England, the citie was adorned with silkes, & in the night with lampes, cressets, and other lights, without num∣ber, besides many Pageantes, and strange deuises there presented, the citizens also rode* 1.284 to meet the King & Queene cloathed in long garments embrodered* 1.285 about with gold, and silks of diuers colors, their horses gallantly trapped to the number of 360. euery man

bearing a cuppe of gold or siluer in his hand, and the kings trum∣petters sounding before them: These citizens did minister wine, as Bottelers, which is their seruice at the coronation. More in the yeare 1298. for victorie obtained by Edward the first against the Scottes, euery citizen according to their seuerall trade, mate their seuerall shew, but specially the Fishmongers,* 1.286 which in a so∣lempne procession, passed through the citie, hauing amongst other Pageants and shewes, foure Sturgeons guilt, carried on foure horses: then foure Salmons of siluer on foure horses, & after them sixe and fortie armed Knightes riding on horses, made like luces of the sea, and then one representing S. Magnus (because it was on S. Magnus day) with a thousand horsemen &c. Of one other shew ye may reade in the yeare 1377.* 1.287 made by the citizens for disport of the yong prince Richard, son to the blacke prince, and thus it fol∣loweth. On the sunday before candlemas in the night, 130. citi¦zens disguised, and wel horsed in a mummerie with sound of trum∣pets, shackbuts, cornets, Shalmes, and other minstrels, and in∣numerable torch lights of Waxe, rode from Newgate through Cheape ouer the bridge, through Southwarke, and so to Ken∣nington besides Lambhith, where the young Prince remayned with his mother, and the Duke of Lancaster, his vncle, the carles of Cambrldge, Hertford, Warwicke, and Suffolke, with diuers other Lordes. In the first ranke did ride 48. in the likenes and habite of Esquires, two and two together cloathed in redde coates and gownes of Say, or sandall, with comely visors on their faces: after them came riding 48. knights in the same liucrie, of colour and stuffe: Then followed one richly arrayed like an Emperor, and after him some distance, one stately tyred like a Pope, whome followed 24. Cardinals, and after them eyght or tenne with black visors not amiable, as if they had béen Legates from some forrain Princes. These maskers, after they had entred the Mannor of Kenington, alighted from their horses and entred the hall on foot: which done, the Prince, his mother, and the Lordes came out of the chamber into the hall, whom the saide mummers did salute, shewing by a paire of dice vpon the table their desire to play with the Prince, which they so handled, that the Prince did alwayes win when be cast them. Then the mummers set to the prince thrée

Iewelles,* 1.288 one after another, which were a boule of gold, a cuppe of gold, and a ring of gold, which the Prince wanne at thrée casts. Then they set to the Princes mother, the Duke, the Earles, and other Lords, to euery one a ring of gold, which they also did win: After which they were feasted, and the musick sounded, the prince and Lords daunced on the one part with the mummers, which did also daunce, which iolitie being ended, they were againe made to drinke, and then departed in order as they came.

Thus much for sportfull shewes in triumphes may suffice: of other shews for sports and pastimes yearly vsed, first at Christ∣masse, there was in the Kinges house wheresoeuer hee was lodg∣ed, a Lorde of misrule,* 1.289 or mayster of merie disporters, and the like had ye in the house of euery noble man, of honor, or good wor∣shippe, were he spirituall, or temporall. Amongst the which the Maior of London, and either of the shiriffes had their seuerall Lordes of Misrule, euer contending without quarrell or offence, who should make the rarest pastimes to delight the beholders. These Lordes beginning their rule on Alhollon Eue, continued thesame till the morrow after the Feast of the Purification, com∣monly called Candlemas day: In all which space there were fine and subtile disguisinges, Maskes, and Mummeries, with playing at Cardes, for Counters, Nayles, and pointes, more for pastimes then for gaine. In the weeke before Easter had yee great shewes made for the fetching in of a twisted Tree,* 1.290 or With, as they termed it, out of the woodes into the kinges house, and the like in∣to euery mans house of honor or worship. In the moneth of May,* 1.291 namely on May day in the morning, euery man (except impedi∣ment) would walke into the sweet meadowes and greene woods, there to reioyce their spirites with the beuty and sauour of sweete flowers, and with the noyce of birdes, praising God in their kinde and for more notable example hereof Edwarde Hall,* 1.292 hath noted, that K. Henry the eight in the seuenth of his raigne on May day in the Morning with Queene Katheren his wife, accompanied with manie Lordes and Ladies, rode a Maying from Greenewitch to the high ground of Shooters hill, where (as they passed by the way) they espied acompanie of tall yeomen clothed all in Greene, with greene whoodes, and with bowes and arrowes to the man∣ber

of 200. One being their Chieftain was called Robin Hoode, who required the king and his company, to stay & see his men shoot whereunto the king granting, Robin Hoode* 1.293 whistled•• and al the 200. Archers shot of, loosing all at once, and when he whistled a∣gaine they likewise shot againe, their arrowes whistled by craft of the heade, so that the noise was strange and lowde, which great∣ly delighted the king and Queene and their Companie. Moreouer this Robin Hoode desired the King and Queene with their reti∣nue to enter the greene wood, where, in harbors made of boughes and decked with flowers, they were set and serued plentifully with venison and wine, by Robin Hoode and his meynie, to their greate contentment, and had other Pageantes and Pastimes as yee may reade in my saide Author. I find also that in the moneth of May, the Citizens of London, of all estates, lightlie in euery parish, or sometimes two or three parishes ioyning together, had their seuerall mayinges, and did fetch in Maypoles, with diuers warlike shewes, with good Archers, Morrice dauncers, and o∣ther deuises for pastime all the day long, and towardes the eue∣ning they had stage playes and bonefires in the streetes, of these Mayinges, wee read in the raigne of Henry the 6. that the Al∣dermen and Shiriffs of London being on May day at the Bishop* 1.294 of Londons wood in the parish of Stebunheath, and hauing there a worshipful dinner for themselues and other commers, Lydgate, the Poet that was a Monke of Bray, sent to them by a Pursiuant a ioyfull cōmendation of that season contayning 16. staues in me∣ter Royall, beginning thus.

Mighty Flora, Goddesse of fresh flowers, which clothed hath the soile in lustie greene. Made buds spring, with her sweete showers, by influence of the Sun shine. To doe pleasance* 1.295 of intent full cleane, vnto the States which now sit here. Hath Vere downe sent her owne daughter deare.

Making the vertue, that dured in the roote. Called of Clarkes, the vertue vegitable. for to trascend, most holsom and most soote.

Into the Crop, this season so agreeable, the ba••my libuor, is so commendable. Thar it reioyceth, with his fresh moisture, man, beast, and fowle, and euery creature: &c.

These greate Mayinges and Maygames made by the gouer∣nors and maisters of this Citie, with the triumphant setting vp of the greate shafte, (a principall Maypole in Cornhill, before the parish Church of S.Andrew) therefore called Undershafte, by meane of an insurrection of youthes, against Alianes on May day, 1517. the ninth of Henry the eight, haue not beene so free∣ly vsed as afore. And therefore to speake of watches* 1.296 and shewes in the nightes: First I reade that in the yeare of Christ, 1253. watches in Cities and Borough towns were commanded by king Henry the thirde, for the better obseruing of peace and quietnesse amongst his people: And farther by the aduice of them of Sauoy: hee ordayned that if any man chanced to bee robbed, or by any meanes damnifled, by any theefe or robber, hee to whome the charge of keeping that country, Citi•• or Borough chifely apper∣tained where the robbery was don, should competently restore the losse: And this was after the vse of Sauoy, but yet thought more harde to bee obserued, here, then in those partes: and therefore lea∣uing those laborious watches, I will speake of our pleasures and pastimes in watching by night. In the monethes of Iune, and Iu∣ly, on the Uigiles or Festiuall daies, and on the same Festiuall daies in the eueninges, after the Sunne setting, there were vsually made Bonefiers in the streetes,* 1.297 euery man bestowing wood or labour towardes them: the welthier sorte also before their dores neare to the saide Bonefires would, set out tables on the Uigiles furnished with sweete breade, and good drinke, and on the Fe∣stiuall daies with meates and drinkes plentifully, whereunto they woulde inuite their neighboures and Passengers also to sit, and be merry with them in greate familiarity, praising God for his be∣nefites bestowed on them: These were called Bonefires aswell of good amity amongst neighbours that being before at contro∣uersie, (were there by the labour of others) •• reconciled, and made of bitter enemies, louing frendes: as also for the veriue that a

greate firehath to purge the infection of the aire. On the vigils of S. Iohn Baptist,* 1.298 and of S. Peter, and Paul the Apostles, besides the standing watches all in bright harnesse in euery warde, and streete of this Citie, there was also a marching watch, that passed through the principall streetes thereof, to wit from the little Con∣duite by Paules gate through west Cheape, by the Stocks, throgh Cornhill, by Leaden hall to Aldegate, then backe downe Fen∣churchstreete, by Grasse church, aboute Grasse church Con∣duite, and vp Grasse church streete into Cornhill, and through it into west Cheape, againe, and so broke vp, the whole way or∣dered for this marching watch, extended to 3200. Taylors yards of assize, for the furniture whereof with lightes there were appoin∣ted 700. Cressetes, 500. of them being founde by the Compani∣es, the other 200. by the Chamber of London? besides the which lights euery Constable in London) in number more then 240. had his Cresset: the charge of euery Cresset was in light two shil¦linges foure pence, and euery Cresset had two men, one to beare or hold it, an other to beare a bag with light, and to serue it, so that the poore men perteyning to the Cressets, taking wages, besides that euery one had a strawne hat, with a badge painted, and his break∣fast amounted in number to almost 2000. The marching watch conteyned in number aboute 2000. men, parte of them being olde souldiers, of skill to bee captaines, Lieutenantes, Sergeantes, Corporals, &c. Wiflers, Drommers, and Fifes, Standard and Ensigne bearers, Sworde players, Trompiters on Horsebacke, Demilaunces on greate horses, Gunners with hand Guns, or halfe hakes Archers in coates of white sustian signed on the brest and backe with the armes of the citie, their bowes bent in their handes, with sheafes of arrowes by their sides, Pike men in bright corslets, Burganets, &c. Holbarders, like the Bilmen, in Almaine Riuetes, and Aperns of Mayle in greate number, there were also diuers Pageantes, Morris dancers, Constables the one halfe (which was 120. on S. Iohns Eue, the other halfe on S. Peters Eue in bright harnesse some ouergilte, and euery one a Iornet of Scarlet thereupon, and his hench man following him, his min∣strels before him, and his cresset light passing by him, the Wayts of the citie, the Mayors Officers, for his guarde before him, all

in a Liuery of wolsted or Say Iacquetes party coloured, the Mayor him selfe well mounted on horsebacke, the Sword bearer before him in fayre Armour well mounted also, the Mayors foot∣men, and the like Torch bearers aboute him, Hench men twaine, vpon great stirring horses following him. The Shiriffes watches came one after the other in like order, but not so large in number as the Mayors: for where the Mayor had besides his Giant thrée Pageantes, each of the Shiriffes had besides their Giantes but two Pageants, ech their Morris Dance, and one hench man, their Officers in Iacquetes of wolsted, or Say, party coloured, diffe∣ring from the Mayors and each from other, but hauing harnised men a greate many, &c.

This Midsommer watch was thus accustomed yearely, time out of minde, vntill the yeare 1539. the 31. of Henry the 8. in which yere on the eight of May, a great muster was made by the Citizens, at the Miles ende, all in bright harnesse, with coates of white silke,* 1.299 or cloth, and chaynes of gold, in three great battailes, to the number of 15000. which passed through London to Westminster, and so through the Sanctuarie, and round about the Parke of S. Iames, and returned home through Oldbourne. King Henry then considering the greate charges of the Citizens for the furniture of this vnusuall Muster, forbad the marching watch prouided for, at Midsommer, for that yeare, which being once laide downe, was not raised againe till the yeare 1548. the second of Edwarde the sixt, Sir Iohn Gresham, then being Mai∣or, who caused the marching watch, both on the Eue of S. Iohn Baptist, and of S. Peter the Apostle, to bee reuiued and set foorth, in as comely order as it had beene accustomed, which watch was also beutified by the number of more then 300. De∣m••lances, and light horsemen, prepared by the Citizens to bee sent into Scotland for the rescue of the towne of Hadington, and others kept by the English men, since this Maiors time, the like marching watch in this Citie hath not been vsed, though some at∣tempts haue beene made thereunto, as in the yere 1585.* 1.300 a booke was drawn by a graue Citizen, & by him dedicated to Sir Thomas Pullison, then Lord Maior and his Brethren the Aldermen: con∣teyning the manner and order of a marching watch in the cittie

vpon the Euens accustomed, in commendation whereof (namely in time of peace to be vsed) he hath wordes to this effect. The Arti∣ficers of sondrie sortes were thereby well set a worke, none but rich men charged: poore men helped: olde Souldiers, Tr••mpiters, Drommers, Fifes, and ensigne bearers, with such like men, meet for Princes seruice kept in vre, wherein the safety and defence of euery common weale consisteth. Armo••r and Weapon being yearely occupied in this wise: the Citizens had of their owne redi∣ly prepared for any neede, whereas by intermission hereof, Armo∣rers are out of worke, Souldiers out of vre, weapons ouergrown with foulenes, few or none good being prouided. &c.

In the moneth of August aboute the feast of S. Bartlemew the Apostle, before the Lord Mayor, Aldermen, and Shiriffes of London placed in a large Tent neare vnto Clarken well, of old time were diuers daies spent in the pastime of wrestling, where the Officers of the Citie: namely the Shiriffes, Serieantes and Yeomen, the Portars of the kinges beame, or weigh house, and other of the Citie were challengers of all men, in the suburbes ••to wrestle for games appointed: and on other daies, before the saide Maior, Aldermen and Shiriffes, in Fensbery fielde, to shoote the Standarde, broade arrow, and flight, for games: but now of late yeares the wrestling is onely practised on Bartilmew day in the after noone, and the shooting some three or foure dayes after, in one after noone and no more. What shoulde I speake of the auncient dayly exercises in the long bow by Citizens of this cittie, now almost cleane left of and forsaken. I ouer passe it: for by the meane of closing in the common groundes, our Archers for want of roome to shoote abroade, creepe into bowling Allies, and ordinary dicing houses, nearer home, where they haue roome e∣nough to hazard their money at vnlawfull games: where I leaue them to take their pleasures.

Honor of Citizens, and worthinesse of men in the same.

THis Citie (saith Fitzstephen) is glorious in manhoode: furnished with munitions: populous with inhabitants, insomuch that in the troublesome time of king Stephen, it hath shewed at a mu••••er twentie thousand armed horsemen, and threescore thousande ••ootemen, seruiceable for the warres. More∣ouer saith hee, the Citizens of London,* 1.301 wheresoeuer they become, are notable before all other Citizens in ciuillitie of manners, attire, table, & talke. The matrons of this ci∣tie are the very modest Sabine Ladies of Italy. The Londi∣ners sometime called Trinobantes, repelled Cesar,* 1.302 which alwaies made his passage by shedding blood, whereupon Lucan song.

Territa quaesitis ostendit terga Britannis.

The citie of London hath bred some, which haue subdued ma∣ny kingdomes, and also the Romaine Empire. It hath also brought forth many others, whome vertue and valour hath high∣lie aduanced, according to Apollo, in his Oracle to Brute, sub occas••i solis: &c. In the time of christianitie, it brought foorth that noble Emperor Constantine,* 1.303 which gaue the cittie of Rome and all the emperiall ensignes to God, S. Peter and Pope Sil∣uester: choosing rather to be called a Defendor of the church, then an Emperour: and least peace might be violated, and their eyes troubled by his presence, he retired from Rome, and built the cittie of Constantinople. London also in late time hath brought forth famous kinges: Maude the Empresse, king Henry, sonne to Henry the second &c. thus far Fitzstephen: whereunto may bee added innumerable persons of honor, borne in London, and actions done by worthie citizens,* 1.304 whereof I will onely note a few best knowne to the comminalty.

In the yere, 1216. the Londiners: sending out a Nauie, tooke 65. ships of Pirates and sea robbers: besides innumerable others

that they drowned, which had robbed on the riuer of Thames. In the yeare 1235. Walter Brune,* 1.305 a Citizen of London, and Rosia his wife founded the Hospitall of our Lady, called S. Ma∣ry the Spittle without B••shopsgate of London, a house of such releefe to the needy, that there was found standing at the suppres∣sion thereof, ninescore beds well furnished for receipt of poore peo∣ple. In the yeare 1247. Simon Fitzmary,* 1.306 one of the Shiriffes of London, founded the Hospitall of S. Marie called Bethleme, also without Bishopsgate. In the yeare 1283. Henry Wallice,* 1.307 then Maior, builded the Tunne vpon Cornhill, to be a prison for night walkers, and a market house called the Stockes, both for fish and flesh, standing in the midst of the Citie. In the yeare 1332, William Elsing Mercer of London, founded Elsing spittle* 1.308 within Criplegate, for sustentation of 100. poore blind men, & be∣came himselfe the first Prior of that Hospital, In the yere 1363.* 1.309 Henry Picad* 1.310 sometime Maior, in one day royally feasted Edward the thirde, king of England, Iohn king of France, Dauid king of Scots, the king of Cipres, (then ariued in England) Edwarde Prince of Wales, with many other noble men, and after kept his hall for all commers that were willing to play at Dice, and ha∣sarde. In like manner the Lady Margaret his wife, kept her Chamber to the same intent &c. In the yeare 1378. Iohn Fil∣pot* 1.311 sometime Maior, hyred with his owne money, 1000. Soul∣diers, and defended the Realme from the incursions of the enne∣mie, so that in a small time his hired men tooke Iohn Mercer, a sea-rouer, with al his Shippes, which hee before had taken from Scarberow, and fifeteene Spanish ships laden with great riches. In the yeare 1380. Thomas of VVodstocke, Thomas Percie, Henry Calueley, Robert Knowles, and others, being sent with a great power to aide the Duke of Britaine, the saide Iohn Fil∣pot hyred ships for them of his owne charges, and released the Armour, which the souldiers had pawned for their victuailes, more then 1000. in number. This most noble Citizen (saieth Thomas VValsingham)* 1.312 that had trauelled for the commoditie of the whole Realme, more then all other of his time, had often releeued the king, by lending him great sommes of money, and o∣therwise, deceased in anno 1384. after that he had assured Lands

to the City for the reliefe of 13. poore people for euer. In the yere 1381. William Walworth* 1.313 then Mayor a most prouident, valiant and learned Citizen, did by his arrest made vpon VVat•• Ty∣lar (a presumptuous Rebell, vpon whome no man durst lay hands) deliuer the king and kingdome from the danger of most wicked Traitors, and was for his seruice knighted in the fielde.* 1.314

Nicholas Brembar, Iohn Filpot, Robert Laund, Nicho∣las Twiforde, and Adam Francis, Aldermen were then for their seruice likewise knighted, and Sir Robert Knoles, for assisting of the Maior was made free of this Citie. This Sir Roberte Knoles* 1.315 thus worthilie enfranchised a Citizen, founded a Colledge with an Hospitall at Pontfract, and hee also builded the greate stone bridge at Rochester, ouer the riuer of Medway, &c. In the yere 1391. Adam Bamne* 1.316 Maior, in a great dearth procured corn from parts beyond the seas, to be brought to London in such aboundance as sufficed to serue the Citie, and the Countries nere adioyning, to the furtherance of which good woorke, he tooke out of the Orphants chest in the Guildehall, 2000. Markes to buy the saide corne and each Alderman laide out 20. ••. to the like pur∣pose. In the yere 1415. Thomas Faulconer* 1.317 Maior, lent to king Henry the fift towards the maintenance of his wars in France, 10000.* 1.318 Marks vpon Iewels. In the yeare 1420. Richarde Whitington* 1.319 Maior founded Whitingtons Colledge for the poore, with diuinitie lectures to be reade there, for euer: Hee also builded Newgate &c. In the yeare 1427. Iohn Rinwell* 1.320 Maior gaue to discharge certaine wardes of London, from fiftéenes, and other payments. In the yeare 1432. Iohn Wels* 1.321 Maior conuey∣ed fresh water from Teyborne to the Standardei•• west Cheape for seruice of the Citie. In the yeare 1438. William Eastfielde Maior, conueyed water to the Conduite in Fleetestreete to Al∣dermanberry, and to Criplesgate. In the yeare 1439. Stephen Brown* 1.322 Maior sent into Prussia, and caused corne to bee brought thence to London in greate quan titie, whereby he brought down the prize of wheate from iij.••.the Bushell, to lesse then halfe that money. In the yeare 1446. Simon Eyre* 1.323 Maior, builded the Leaden hall, for a common Grayner of corne to the vse of this Citie, and left 5000. markes to bee bestowed in charitable

actions for releefe of the poore. In the yeare 1471. Iohn Stoc∣ton Maior, and 11. Aldermen of London, with the Recorder were all made knightes in the fielde, by Edwarde the fourth, for their good seruice done vnto him. In the yeare 1483. Edmond Shaa* 1.324 Maior, builded Criplesgate. In the yeare 1491. Hugh Cloptō* 1.325 Maior, builded the great stone arched bridge at Stratford vpon Auon. In the yeare 1494. Robert Fabyan,* 1.326 Alderman and one of the Shiriffes gathered out of diuers good Authors, as∣well Latine as French, a large chronicle of England and France, which hee published in English to his greate charges, for the ho∣nor of this citie, and common vtilitie of the whole Realme. In the yeare 1554, Sir Thomas VVhite* 1.327 Maior founded S. Iohns Colledge in Oxforde, and gaue greate summes of money to di∣uers Townes in England for releefe of the poore. In the yere 1566. Sir Thomas Gresham* 1.328 Mercer, builded that stately Ex∣change Royal in London, and left his dwelling house in Bishops∣gate streete, to be a colledge of readings &c. as in my summary.

About the yeare 1570. Margaret Dan,* 1.329 widowe to William Dan, late one of the Sheriffes of London gaue by her testament more then 2000. pound to charitable actions.

Also about the yeare 1577. Dame Mary Ramsey* 1.330 wife to Sir Thomas Ramsey Mayor, being seased of landes in fée simple of her inheritance to the yearely value of 243. pound, by his consent gaue the same to Christs Hospitall in London, towardes reliefe of poore children there, and otherwise, as in my summarie and a∣bridgement I haue expressed, and as farith by monumentes erected in Christes Hospitall: which gift she afterward in her wi∣dowhode confirmed, and greatly augmented.

In the yere 1577. William Lamb* 1.331 Clothworker builded a wa∣ter Conduite at Oldbourne Crosse, to his charge of 1500. ••. and did many other charitable acts, as in my summarie.

In the yeare 1582. Iohn Haydon* 1.332 Alderman, gaue large Legacies, and more then 3000. ••. for releefe to the poore. In the yeare 1583. Barnalde Randulph,* 1.333 common Serieant of London, gaue and deliuered with his hand 906. ••. towardes the building of water Conduites, which was performed. Moreouer he gaue by his Testament 1000. ••. to bee imployed in deedes of charity, but that money being left in holdfast hands, I haue not

heard how it was bestowed.

Thus much for the worthinesse of Citiizens in this Citie, touching whom Iohn Lydgate* 1.334 a Monke of Bury, in the raigne of Henry the sixt made (amongst other) these verses following.

Of Seauen thinges I praise the Citie. Of true meaning and faithfull obseruance. Of righteousnes, truth, and equity. Of Stablenes aye kept in Legiance. And for of vertue, thou hast suffisance, In this lond here, and other londs all, The kinges Chamber, of Custome men thee cal.

Hauing thus in generalitie handled the original, the wals, gates, ditches, and fresh waters, the bridges, towers and castles the schools, of learning, and houses of law, the orders and cu∣stomes, sportes and pastimes, watchinges and martiall exer∣cises, and lastly the honor and worthines of the Citizens: I am now to set down, the distribution of this City into parts: and more especially to declare the antiquities: note worthie in euery of the same: and how both the whole and partes, haue beene from time to time ruled and gouerned.

THe Auncient diuision of this Citie, was into Wardes, or Aldermanries: and therefore I will beginne at the East, and so proceede through the high and most principall streete of the citie, to the west,* 1.335 after this manner. First through Aldgate streete, to the west corner of S. Andrewes Church called Undershaft, on the right hand, and Lymestreete corner, on the left, all which is of Aldgate warde: from thence through Cornhill streete, to the west corner of Lea∣den hall, all which is of Limestreete warde: from thence lea∣uing the streete, that leadeth to Bishopsgate on the right hand, and the way that leadeth into Grasse streete on the left, still through Cornhill streete, by the Conduite to the west corner a∣gainst the Stockes, all which is in Cornhill warde, then by the saide Stockes (a market place both of fish and flesh standing in the middest of the Citie)* 1.336 through the Poultrie, (a streete so called) to the great conduite in west Cheape, and so through Cheape, to the Standarde, which is of Cheape warde, except on the South

side from Bow lane, to the saide Standarde, which is of Cord∣wainer streete ward. Then by the Standarde to the great crosse which is in Cripplegate warde, on the North side, and in Bred∣streete warde on the south side. And to the little conduite by Paules gate from whence of olde time, the saide high streete stretched straight to Ludgate, all in the warde of Faringdon within, then deuided truely from East to West, but since that by meanes of the burning of Paules Church which was in the raigne of Willi∣am the first surnamed Conqueror. Mawricius then Bi∣shop of London, layde the foundation of a new church, so far in largenes exceeding the olde, that the way towardes Ludgate was thereby greately streightened, as before I haue at large discoursed: Now from the North to the South,* 1.337 this citie was of olde time de∣uided not by a large high way or streete, as from East to West, but by a fayre Brooke of swéete water, which came from out the North fieldes through the wall, and midst of the citie into the ri∣uer of Thames, which diuision is till this day constantlie and without change maintained. This water was called (as I haue said) Walbrooke,* 1.338 of running through, & from the wal the course whereof to prosecute it particularlie, was and is from the said wal to S. Margarets church, in Lothberry: from thence beneath the lower part of the Grocers hall, about the east part of their Kitchen, vnder S. Mildredes church, somewhat west from the saide Stockes market: from thence through Buckels berry, by one great house builded of stone and timber, called the old Bardge. because Barges out of the riuer of Thames were rowed vp so far into this Brooke: on the backside of the houses in Walbrooke streete (which streete taketh his name of the saide Brooke:) by the west ende of S. Iohns church vpon Walbrooke, vnder Horshew Bridge, by the west side of Tallow Chandlers hall, and of the Skinners hall, and so behinde the other houses, to Elbow Lane, and by a parte thereof downe Greenewitch lane, into the Ri∣uer of Thames. This is the course of Walbrooke, which was of olde time bridged ouer in diuers places, for passage of horses and men, as neede required: but since by meanes of encrochment on the bankes thereof, the channell being greatly streightned, and other noyances don thereunto, at length the same by common con∣sent was Arched ouer with bricke, and pa••ed with stone, equall

with the ground, where through it passed, and is now in most pla∣ces builded vpon, that no man may by the eye discerne it, and there¦fore the trace thereof is hardly knowne, to the common people.

The Citie thus deuided from East to West, and from North to South: I am further to shew how the same was of olde time broken into diuers partes called wardes, whereof Fitzstephen more then foure hundred yeares ago writeth thus. This Citie (sayeth hee) euen as Rome, is deuided into wardes, it hath yearely Shiriffes in steade of Consuls. It hath the dignity of Senators in Aldermen &c. The number of these wards in Lon∣don were both before & in the raign of Henry the third: 24. in al: whereof 13 lay on the East side of the saide Walbrooke, and 11. on the West side of the same: notwithstanding these 11.* 1.339 grew much more larger and bigger then these on the East, and therefore in the yeare of Christ, 1393. the 17. of Richarde the second, Farengdon warde which was then one entier warde, but mightelie increased of buildinges without the gates: was by Par∣liament appointed to be deuided into twaine, and to haue two Al∣dermen, to wit Faringdon within and Faringdon without, which made vp the number of 12. wardes on the west side of Walbrooke, and so the whole number of 25. on both sides: more∣ouer in the yere 1550. the Maior, Commonalty, and Citizens of London, purchasing the Liberties of the Borough of Southwark, appointed the same to bee a warde of London, and so became the number of 13. wardes on the East, 12. on the West, and one in the South of the riuer of Thames, lying in the said Borough of Southwarke, within the county of Surrey, which in all arise to the number of 26. wardes and 26. Aldermen of London.

The names of Wards on the East part of Walbrooke are these.

• 1 Portsoken warde without the wals.
• 2 Towerstreete warde.
• 3 Ealdegate warde.
• 4 Lymestreete warde.
• 5 Bishopsgate warde within the wals and without.
• 6 Bredstreete warde.
• 7 Cornhill ward.
• 8 Langbourne warde
• 9 Billingsgate warde
• 10 Bridge warde within.
• 11 Candlewicke streete warde.
• 12 Walbrooke warde.
• 13 Downgate warde.

The Wards on the west side of Walbrooke are these.

• 14 Vintry warde.
• 15 Cordwainer streete warde.
• 16 Cheape warde.
• 17 Colemanstreete warde.
• 18 Bassinges hall warde.
• 19 Criplesgate warde. within and without.
• 20 Aldersgate ward within and without.
• 21 Faringdon ward within.
• 22 Bredstreete warde.
• 23 Queene hith warde
• 24 Castle Baynarde warde.
• 25 Faringdon ward without.
• 26 The Bridge warde without, in the Brugh of Southwarke.

Portsoken VVarde.

SEing that of euery of these Wardes: I haue to say somewhat: I wil beginne with Port∣soken warde,* 1.340 without Ealdgate.

This Portsoken, which soundeth as much as the Franchise at the gate, was sometime a Guilde,* 1.341 and had this beginning, as I haue reade. In the daies af king Edgar, more then 600. yeres since, there were thirteene Knights (or sol∣diers) welbeloued to the king and realme (for seruice by them done) which requested to haue a certain portion of land on the East part of the Citie, left desolate, and forsaken, by the inhabitants, by rea∣son of too much seruitude. They besought the king to haue this land, with the Libertie of a Guilde for euer: the king granted to their request with conditions following: that is, that each of them should victoriously accomplish thrée combates, one aboue the ground, one vnder ground, and the thirde in the water, and after this at a certaine day in East Smithfield, they should run with speares against all commers, all which was gloriously performed: and the same day the king named it knighten Guilde,* 1.342 and so boun∣ded it, from Ealdgate to the place where the bars now are toward the East, on both the sides of the streete, and extended it towardes the North, and the gate now since called Bishopsgate, vnto the

house then of VVilliam Presbiter, after of Geffery Tannar, and then of the heires of Coluer, after that of Iohn Esseby, but since of the Lord Bourchier, &c. And againe towardes the South vnto the Riuer of Thames, and so far into the water, as a horse∣man entering the same may ryde at a low water, and throw his speare: so that all East Smithfielde, with the right part of the streete that goeth to Dodding Pond into the Thames, and also the Hospitall of S. Katherins, with the Mils, that were founded in king Stephens daies, and the outward stone wall, and the new ditch of the Tower are of the saide Fee and Libertie: for the saide wall and ditch of the Tower, were made in the time of king Rich∣arde, when he was in the holy Land, by William Longshamp Bishop of Ely, as before I haue noted vnto you. These knightes had as then none other Charter, by all the daies of Edgar, Ethel∣red, and Cnutus, vntil the time of Edward the Confessor, whom the heires of those knightes humblie besought to confirms their Liberties, whereunto he gratiously graunting, gaue them •••• deed thereof, as appeareth in the booke of the late house of the holie Trinitie, written in the Saxon letter and tongue.* 1.343 After this king William the sonne of William the Conqueror, made a confirma∣tion of the same Liberties, vnto the heires of these knightes, in these wordes. Wiliam king of Englande to Maurice Bishop and Godfrey de Magum, and Richarde de Parr, and to his faithfull people of London, greeting, know yee mee to haue graunted to the men of Knighten Guilde, the Guilde that belonged to them, and the Land that belonged thereunto, with all Customes, as they had the same in the time of king Edward, and my Father. Witnesse Hugh de Buclie: at Rething. After him, king Henry the first confirmed the same by his Char∣ter, to the like effect, the recitall whereof, I pretermit for breut∣ties sake. After which time, the Church of the holy Trinitie within Ealdgate* 1.344 of London, being founded by Queene Matilde wife to the saide Henry, the multitude of Brethren praising God day and night therein, in short time so increased, that all the Citie was delighted in the beholding of them: insomuch that in the yere 1115. certaine Burgeses of London, of the progeny of those noble English knightes to wit Radulphus Fitzalgod, Wilmarde le

Deuereshe, Orgare le Prude, Edward Hupcornehill, Black∣stanus,* 1.345 and Alwine his kinsman, and Robert his brother, the sonnes of Leafstanus the Goldsmith, Wizo his sonne, Hugh Fitz¦vulgar, Algare Secusme, comming together into the Chapter house of the saide church of the Holy Trinity, gaue to the same Church and Canons seruing God therein, all the Landes and Soke called in English Knighten Guilde, which lieth to the wall of the Citie, without the same gate, and stretcheth to the ri∣uer of Thames, they gaue it, I say, taking vpon them the Brother∣hoode and participation of the benefites of that house by the hands of Prior Norman. And the better to confirme this their grant, they offered vpon the Altar there, the Charter of Edwarde toge∣ther with the other Charters, which they had thereof: and after∣warde they did put the foresaide Prior in se••sine thereof, by the Church of S. Buttolphes which is builded thereon, and is the head of that land: These things were thus done, before Barnarde Prior of Dunstable, Iohn Prior of Derland, Geffery Glinton Chamberlain, and many other Clarks and Laymen, French & English, Orgar le Prude (one of their Companie) was sent to King Henry, beseeching him to confirm their gifte, which the king gladly granted•• by this deede following. Henry king of Eng∣land to R. B. of London; to the Shiriffes, and Prouost, and to al his Barons, and faithfull people, French and English, of London* 1.346 and Middlesex, greeting. Know ye me to haue granted, and con∣firmed to the Church and Canons of the Holy Trinitie of Lon∣don, the Soke of the English knighten Guild, and the land which pertayneth thereunto, and the Church of S. Buttolph, as the men of the same Guilde haue giuen, and granted vnto them: and I will and straightlie commande that they may holde the same well and honorably and freely, with sacke, and soke, Toll, and Thea, infangthese and all customes belonging to it, as the men of the same Guilde in best sort had the same in the time of king Ed∣warde, and as king William my Father, and brother did grant it to them by their writs. Witnesse A. the Queene Geffery Glin∣ton the Chauncelor, and VVilliam of Glinton at Wodstocke. Al these prescribed writinges (saith my booke), which sometime be∣longed to the Priorie of the Holy Trinitie, are registred in the end

of the booke of Remembrances of the Guildhall of London, marked with the Letter C. folio ••34. The king sent also his Shiriffes to wit, Albert de Vere, and Roger nephew to Hubert which vpon his behalfe should inuest this Church, with the pos∣session hereof•• which the saide Shiriffes accomplished comming v∣pon the ground, Andrew Bucheuite, and the forenamed witnes∣ses, and other standing by, notwithstanding Othowerus Acoli∣••llus Otto, and Geffery Earle of Essex, Constables of the Tower,* 1.347 by succession, withheld by force, a portion of the saide land as I haue before deliuered. The Prior and Chanons of the Holy Trinity, being thus seised of the saide Land and Soke, of Knigh∣ten Guilde, a parte* 1.348 of the Suburbe without the wall, (but within the Liberties of the Citie) the same Prior was for him, and his Successors, admitted as one of the Aldermen of London, to go∣uerne the same Land and Soke: according to the Customes of the Citie, he did sit in Courte and road with the Maior, and his Bre∣thren the Aldermen, as one of them in Scarlet, or other Li••ery, as they vsed vntil the yere 1531. at the which time, the said Prio∣ry by the last Prior there,* 1.349 was surrendred to king Henry the eight, in the 23. of his raigne. Who gaue this Priorie to Sir Thomas Audley, Knight, Lord Chauncelor of England, & he pulled down the church. Sithens the which dissolution of that house, the said Ward of Portsoken, hath been gouerned by a temporall man one of the Aldermen of London, elected by the Citizens, as be the Al∣dermen of other wardes. Thus much for the out boundes of Cnitten Guilde, or Portsoken Warde, and for the antiquitie and gouernment thereof.

Now of the parts therein, this is specially to be noted. First the East part of the Tower standeth there, then an Hospitall of S. Katherines* 1.350 founded by Matilde the Queene, wife to king Stephen, by licence of the Prior and Couent of the Holy Trinitie in London on whose ground shee founded it. Helianor the Queen wife to king Edward the first, appointed there to bee a Maister, three Brethren Chaplens, and three Sistars•• ten poore woemen, and six poore Clarkes, Queene Philip wife to king Edwarde the third, founded a Chantry there, and gaue to that Hospitall x ••. land by yeare, it was of late time called a free chappell, a col∣ledge,

and an Hospitall for poore Sisters. The Quire which of late yeares was not much inferior to that of Paules, was dissolued by D. Wilson a late maister there, y^• brethrē & Sistars remaining: this house was valued at 315.••.14.••.ij.pence, being now of late yeres inclosed about (or pestered with small tenements, and home∣ly cottages, hauing inhabitants, English and strangers, more in number then some Cittie in England. There lye buried in this Church the Countesse of Huntington, Countesse of the March, in her time 1429. Iohn Holland Duke of Excester and Earle of Huntington 1447. in a fayre tombe on the North side the quire, Thomas Walsingham Esquire, and Thomas Ballarde Esquire by him 1465. Thomas Flemming Knight 1466.

On the East and by North of the Tower, lieth Eastsmithfield* 1.351 and Tower hill, two plots of ground so called, without the wall of the Citie, and East from them both was sometime a monaste∣rie called new Abbey, founded by King Edward the third, in the yeare 1359. vpon occasion as followeth.

In the yeare 1348. the 23. of Edward the third, the first great pestilence in his time beganne, and increased so sore, that for want of roome in Churchyardes to burie the dead of the citie, and of the suburbes, one Iohn Corey clearke, procured of Nicholas Prior of the holy Trinitie within Ealdegate, one Toft of ground néere vnto Eastsmithfield, for y^• burial* 1.352 of them that died, with condition that it might be called the Church yard of the holy Trinity, which ground he caused by the aide of diuers deuout citizen to bee inclosed with a wall of stone. Robert Elsing sonne of VVilliam Elsing gaue fiue pound thereunto: and the same was dedicated by Raph Stratford Bishop of London, where innumerable bodies of the dead were afterwards buried, & a chappell built in the same place, to y^• honor of God: to the which, K. Edward setting his eie (hauing before in a tempest on the sea and perill of drowning made a vowe build a monastery to the honour of God, and our Lady of grace, if God would graunt him grace, to come safe to land) builded there a monasterie, placing an Abbot, and monkes of the Cistercian (or white) order. The boundes of this plot of grounde together with a decrée for Tythes thereof, are expressed in the Charter, the effect

whereof I haue set downe in an other place. This house at the late generall suppression was valued at 546.••.x.•• yearely, it was surrendered in the yeare 1539. the 30. of Henry the eight, since the which time, the said monastery being cleane pulled downe, by Sir Arthur Darcy knight and other, of late time in place there∣of is builded a large Store house for victuailes, and conuenient Q∣uens are builded there, for baking of bisket to serue her Maiesties shippes. The groundes adioyning belonging to the saide Abbey are imployed in building of small tenementes: for Tower hill,* 1.353 as the same is greatly diminished by building of tenements & garden plottes, &c.* 1.354 So it is of late. to wit in the yeare of Christ 1593. on the North side thereof, and at the West end of Hogstréete, beauti∣fyed by certaine fayre Almes houses, there strongly builded of Bricke and timber & couered with slate for the poore, by the Mar∣chant Taylors of London, in place of some small cottages, giuen to them by Richard Hilles sometime a Maister of that company certaine timber for that vse, being also giuen by Anthonie Rad∣cliffe of the same societie Alderman. In these Almes houses 14. charitable brethren of the said marchant Taylors yet liuing haue placed 14. poore sole women, which receiue each of them of their founder sixteene pence (or better) weekely, besides viii.••.xv••. yearely, paide out of the common Treasurie of the same corpora∣tion, for fewell.

Frō y^• west part of this Tower hil, towards Ealdegate being a long continual stréet, amongst other smaller buildings in that row there was sometimes an Abbey* 1.355 of Nunnes of the order of Saynt Clare, called the Minories founded by Edmund Earle of Lan∣caster, Leycester and Darbie, brother to King Edward the first, in the yeare 1293, the length of which Abbey contayned 15. per∣ches and seuen foote, neere vnto the kings stréete, or high way, &c. as appeareth by a déede dated 1303. This house was valued to dispend 418.••.8.••.v.••. yearely, and was surrendered by Dame Elizabeth Saluage, the last Abbeyes there, vnto King Henry the eyght, in the 30. of his raigne, the yeare of Christ 1539.

In place of this house of Nunnes, is now builded diuers faire and large store houses, for armour,* 1.356 and habiliments of war, with diuers worke houses seruing to the same purpose: there is a small

parrish Church for inhabitants of the close, called S. Trinities.* 1.357

Néere adioyning vnto this Abbey on the South side thereof, was sometime a Farme, belonging to the said Nunnerie, at the which I my selfe in my youth haue fetched many a halfe pennie worth of milke, and neuer had lesse then thrée Ale pints for a half∣penie in y^• sommer, nor lesse then one Ale quart for a halfpennie in the winter, alwaies hot from the cow, as the same was milked and strained. One Trolop, and afterwardes Goodman, were the Farmers there, and had 30. or 40. kine to the payle. Good∣mans sonne being heyre thereof, let out the ground first for gra∣zing of horse, and then for garden plottes, and liued like a gentle∣man thereby. On thother side of that stréete, lyeth the ditch with∣out the walles of the citie, which of old time was vsed to lie open, and was alwaies from time to time cleansed from filth and mud, as neede required, and was of great breadth and so déepe, that di∣uers watring horses, where they thought it shallowest, were drowned both horse and man. But now of latter time, the same ditch is inclosed, and the bankes thereof let out for garden plottes, carpenters yardes, bowling Allies, and diuers houses bee thereon builded, whereby the ditch is filled vp, and made shalllow enough.

From Ealdegate East, lyeth a large stréete, and high way, sometime replenished with few, but fayre and cleanly buildinges: on the North side whereof the first building was the parish church of Saint Buttolph, in a large cemitorie, or church yarde. This church* 1.358 hath beene lately new builded at the speciall charges of the Priors of the holy Trinitie, patrons thereof, as it appeareth by the Armes of that house engrauen on the stone worke. The pa∣ris••ioners of this parish being of late yeares mightily increased, the church is pestered with lofts & seates for them. Monuments in this Church there are few. Iohn Romany Ollarie & Agnes his wife were buried thereabout 1408. Richard Chester Alderman, one of the Sheriffes 1484. Ihon•• Lord Darcy of the North, knight of the Garter beheaded 1537. Sir Nicolas Carew of Be∣dington in Surrey, knight of the Garter beheaded, 1538. Sir Ar∣thur Darcy, youngest sonne to Thomas Lorde Darcie, decea∣sed at the newe Abbey on the Tower hill, was buried there. East from this parrish church there were certain fayre Innes, for

receipt of trauellers, repayring to the citie, vp towards Hog lane* 1.359 end, somewhat within the Barres, a marke shewing howe farre the liberties of the Citie do extend.

This Hogge lane stretcheth North to Saint Mary Spittle, without Bishopsgate, and within these fortie foure yeares last, had on both sides fayre hedgerowes of Ealme trées, with bridges and easie styles to passe ouer into the pleasant fieldes, very commodi∣ous for citizens therein to walke, shoote, and otherwise to recre∣ate and refresh their dulled spirites in the swéete and wholesome ayre, which is now within few yeares made a continual building throughout, of garden houses, and small cottages: & the fields on ei∣ther sides be turned into garden plottes, teynter yardes, bowling Alleyes, and such like, from Hounds ditch in the West, so farre as White chappel, and further in the East. The South side of the high way from Ealdegate had some few tenements thinly scatte∣red here and there, with much voyde space betweene them, vp to the said Barre, but now that stréete is not onely fully replenished with buildings, outwarde, and also pestered with diuers Allies, on eyther side to the Barres, but also euen to White chappell, and beyond.

From Aldegate Northwest to Bishopsgate, lyeth the ditch of the citie in that part called Hounds ditch,* 1.360 for that in old time when the same lay open much filth (conueyed forth of the citie) especial∣ly dead dogges was there laid or cast: wherefore of latter time a mudde wall was made inclosing the ditch, to kéepe out the laying of such filth as had beene accustomed. Ouer against this mudde wall on the other side of the stréete, was a fayre fielde, sometime belonging to the Priory of the Trinitie, and since by Sir Tho∣mas Audley giuen to Magdalen Colledge in Cambridge: this field (as all other about the citie) was inclosed, reseruing open pas∣sage there into, for such as were disposed. Towards the stréet were some small cottages, of two stories high, and little garden plottes backewarde, for poore bedred people* 1.361 (for in that stréete dwelt none other) builded by some Prior of the holy Trinitie, to whom that ground belonged. In my youth I remember, deuout people as∣well men as women of this citie, were accustomed oftentimes e∣specially on Frydayes weekely to walke that way purposely, and

there to bestow their charitable almes, euery poore man or wo∣man lying in their bed within their window, which was towards the streete open so low, that euery man might see them, a cleane linnen cloth lying in their window, and a payre of beades to shew that there lay a bedred bodie vnable but to pray onely. This stréet was first paued in the year 1503. about the later raign of Henry y^• eight, thrée brethren that were Gunfounders surnamed Owens, gate ground there to build vpon and to inclose for casting of brasse ordinance.* 1.362

These occupied a good part of y^• stréet on the field side, and in short time diuers other also builded there, so that the poore bedred people were worne out, and in place of their homely cottages, such houses builded, as do rather want roome, then rent. The residue of the field was for the most part made into a garden, by a Gardener, named Casway, one that serued the markets, with hearbes and rootes, and in the last yeare of King Edward the sixt, the same was par∣celled into gardens, wherein are now many fayre houses of plea∣sure builded. On the ditch side of this streete, the mudde wall is also by little and little all taken downe, the banke of the ditch be∣ing raysed made leuel ground, and turned into garden plottes, and Carpenters yardes, and many large houses are there builded, by which meanes the ditch is filled vp, and both the ditch and wall so hidden that they cannot be seene of the passers by. This Port∣soken warde hath an Alderman and his deputie, common coun∣sellors fire, Constables foure, Scauengers foure, for the Wardemote inquest eighteene, and a Beadle, to at∣tend vpon them all, to the Fiftéene it is ceased at ix.pound.

Towerstreet VVarde.

THe first Warde in the East parte of this ci∣tie within the wall, is called Towerstreete Warde,* 1.363 and extendeth along the riuer of Thames, from the said Tower in the East, almost to Belingsgate in the West: One halfe of the Tower, the ditch on the West side and bulwarkes adioyning do stand with in that parte, where the wall of the Citie of old went, straight from the Posterne gate, South to the Riuer of Thames, before that the Tower was builded. From and with∣out the Tower ditch West and by North is the said Tower hill* 1.364 sometime a large plot of grounde nowe greatly strengthened by meanes of incrochments, (vnlawfully made and suffred) for gar∣dens and houses, some on the banke of the Tower ditch, (where∣by the ditch is marred) but more neere vnto the wall of the Citie from the Posterne North till ouer against the principall fore gate of the Lord Lumleyes house, &c. But the Tower warde goeth no further that way. Upon this hil is alwayes readily prepared at the charges of the Citie a large Scaffold,* 1.365 and gallowes of timber, for the execution of such traitors or other transgressors, as are de∣liuered out of the Tower, or otherwise to the Sheriffes of Lon∣don by writ there to be executed. I reade that in the fift of King Edward the fourth, a Scaffold and gallowes was there set vppe by other the kinges officers, and not of the Cities charges, where∣vpon the Mayor and his brethren complained, but were answered by the king, that the Tower hill was of the libertie of the Citie, And whatsoeuer was done in that point was not in derogation of the cities liberties,* 1.366 and therevpon commanded proclamation* 1.367 to be made, aswell within the citie as in the suburbes, as followeth: For as much; as the 7. day of this present moneth of Nouember, gallowes were erect and set vppe besides our Tower of London, within the liberties and franchises of our Citie of London, in de∣rogation

and preiudice of the liberties and franchises of the Citie, The king our soueraigne Lord would it be certainly vnderstood, that the erection and setting vp of the saide gallowes was not done by his commaundement, wherfore the King our soueraigne Lord willeth that the erection and setting vp of the said gallowes be not any president or example thereby hereafter to bee taken, in hurt, preiudice, or derogation, of the franchises, liberties, & priuiledges, of the said Citie, which hee at all times hath had, & hath in his be∣neuolence tender fauour and good grace &c. Apud Westminst. 9. die Nouemb. Anno Regni nostri quinto. On the North side of this hill, is the said Lord Lumleyes house, and on the West side diuers houses lately builded, and other incrochments along south to Chicke lane,* 1.368 and so Berwardes lane,* 1.369 on the East of Barking Church, at the end whereof you haue Tower stréete stretching from the Tower hill, West of Saint Margeret Patten••s church Parsonage.

Now therefore to beginne at the East end of the stréete,* 1.370 on the North side, there is the fayre parish church called Alhallowes Barking,* 1.371 which standeth in a large (but sometime far larger) ce∣mitory or Churchyarde. On the North side thereof was some∣time builded a fayre Chappell, founded by King Richard the first, confirmed and augmented by king Edwarde the first. Edward the fourth gaue licence to Iohn Earle of Worcester, to founde there a brotherhood for a Maister and brethren, and he gaue to the Custos of that fraternitie, which was Sir Iohn Scotte Knight, Thomas Colt, Iohn Tate, and Iohn Croke, the Priorie of Tottingbroke in the Countie of Surrey, with all the members and appurtenances, and a parte of the Priorie of Okeborne in Wiltshire both Priors Aliens, and appointed it to bee called the Kinges Chappell* 1.372 or Chauntrie, In Capella beatae Mariae de Barking. King Richard the third newe builded this Chappell, and founded therein a Colledge of Priests &c. Robert Tate May∣or of London in the yeare 1488. when he deceased, 1501. was buried there. This Chappell and Colledge was suppressed and pulled downe in the yeare 1548. the second of King Edwarde the sixt, the ground was imploied as a garden plot, during the raignes of King Edward, Quéene Mary, and part of Quéene Elizabeth,

till at length a large strong frame of timber and bricke was set thereon, & imployed as a fayre house of Marchants goods brought from the sea, by Sir William VVinter &c. Monumentes in the parish Church of Alhallowes Barking not defaced are these: Sir Thomas Studinham, of Norwich diocesse Knight 1469. Thomas Gilbart Draper and Marchant of the Staple 1483. Iohn Bolt marchant of the Staple 1459. Sir Iohn Stile knight, Draper, 1500. VVilliam Thinne Esquire, one of the clearks in houshold to K. Henry the eight, 1546. Humfrey Monmouth Draper, one of the Sheriffes, 1535. buried in the church yarde VVilliam Denham, one of the Shiriffes, 1534. Henry Howard Earle of Surrey beheaded 1546. Lord Ferrers, Ri∣chard Browne Esquire, 1546. Phillip Dennis Esquire 1556. Andrew Euenger Salter, VVilliam Robinson Mercer, Al∣derman, 1552. William Armorer Clothworker Esquire, Gouer∣nor of the Pages of honor, seruant to Henry the eyght, Edwarde the sixt, & Quéene Mary, buried 1560. Besides which there be di∣uers Tombes without inscription. By the West ende of this parrish Church and Chappel, lieth Sydon lane,* 1.373 from Tower stréet vp North to Hart stréete. In this Sydon lane diuers fayre and large houses are builded, namely one by Sir Iohn Allen, sometime Mayor of London, and of counsell vnto King Henry the eight: Sir Frauncis VValsingham Knight principall Secretarie to the Quéenes Maiestie that now is, was lodged there, and so was the Earle of Essex, &c. At the North West corner of this lane, standeth a proper parrish Church of S. Olaue, which Church together with some howses adioyning, and also with others ouer against it in Hartstréete, are of the said Tower stréet warde. Monuments in this parish Church* 1.374 of Saint Olaue be these: Ry∣chard Cely, and Robart Cely, Felmongers, principall builders and benefactors of this church: Dame Ioahan wife to Sir Iohn Zouch 1439. Iohn Clarentiaulx Herralde 1427. Thomas Sawle, Sir Richard Haddon Mercer, Mayor 1512. Thomas Burnall Mercer 1548. Thomas Morley Gentleman 1566. Sir Iohn Radcliffe Knight 1568. And Dame Anne his wife, 1585. Chapone a Florentine Gentleman 1582. Sir Hamond Vaughan Knight, George Stoddard Merchant. &c.

VVoodroffe lane* 1.375 towardes the Tower is in this Parish. Then haue yee out of Towerstreete, also on the North side, one other lane, called Marte lane,* 1.376 which runneth vp towards the North, and is for the most part, of this Towerstreete warde, which lane is aboute the thirde quarter thereof deuided, from Aldegate warde, by a chaine to be drawn, twhart the saide lane, aboue thewest end of Hart streete, a thirde lane out of Tower∣streete, on the North side is called Mincheon* 1.377 or Minion lane: this lane is all of the saide warde, except the corner house towardes Fenchurch streete. In this lane of olde time, dwelled diuers Strangers born of Genoa, and those partes, these were common∣ly called Gallie men, as men that came vp in the Gallies, brought vp wines and other marchandizes which they landed in Thames streete, at a place called Galley key: they had a certaine coyne of Siluer amongst themselues which were half pence of Genoa, and were called Gallye halfe pence: these halfe pence were forbidden in the thirtenth of Henry the fourth, and againe by Parliament in the thirde of Henry the fift, by the name of halfe pence of Genoa forbidden to passe as unlawfull payment amongst the English sub∣iectes. Notwithstanding in my youth, I haue seene them passe cur∣rant, but with so me difficultie, for that the English halfepence were then (though not so broade) somewhat thicker and stronger. There was at that time also forbidden certaine other coynes cal∣led Seskaris, and Dodkins, with all Scottish monies.

The Clothworkers hall* 1.378 is in this lane: Then at the west ende of Towerstreete haue ye a little turning towardes the North to a fayre house sometime belonging to one named Grista, for he dwel∣led there in the yeare 1449. And Iack Cade captaine of the re∣bels in Kent, being by him, in this his house feasted, when he had dined (like an vnkind guest) robbed him of al that was there to be founde worth the carriage.* 1.379 Next to this is one other fayre house, sometime builded by Angel Dune Grocer, since possessed by Sir Iohn Champneis* 1.380 Alderman & Maior of London, he builded in this house an high Tower of Bricke, the first that euer I hearde of in any priuate mans house to ouerlooke his neighboures in this citie. But this delight of his ey was punished with blindnes, some yeres before his death, since that time Sir Perceual Hart knight,

a Iolly courtier and knight harbenger to the Queene, was lodged there &c. From this house somewhat West is the parish church and Parsonage house of S. Margarets Pattentes, to the which church and house on the North side, and as far ouer against on the south stretcheth the farthest west part of this warde. And there∣fore to beginne againe at the East end of Towerstreete, on the south side, haue ye Beare lane,* 1.381 wherein are many fayre houses, and runneth downe to Thames streete: The next is Sporiar lane, of olde time so called, but since, and of later time named Water lane, because it runneth downe to the Water gate, by the Custome house in Thames streete: then is there Hart lane, or Harpe lane which likewise runneth downe into Thames streete. In this Hart lane is the Bakers hal, sometime the dwel∣ling house of Chichley Camberlaine of London, who was Bro∣ther to Chichley the Archbishop: he had 24. children. Sir Tho∣mas Kirriell of Kent, after that hee had béene long Prisoner in France, married Elizabeth one of the daughters of this Chich∣ley, by whom he had this Chichleis house. This Elizabeth was secondly married to Sir Ralfe Ashton, knight Marshall: and thirdly to Sir Iohn Burchier, vnckle to the late Burchier, Earle of Essex, but shee neuer had childe. Edwarde Poininges made parte with Burchier, and Elizabeth to haue Ostenhanger in Kent, after their death, and entred into it, they liuing. In Tower streete betwéene Hart lane and Church lane, was a Quadrante * 1.382 called Galley Row, because Galley men dwelled there. Then haue ye two lanes out of Towerstreete, both called Church lanes* 1.383 because one runneth down by the east end of S. Dunstones church and the other by the west end of the same: out of the west lane, turneth an other lane, west towardes S. Marie hill, and is called Fowle lane,* 1.384 which is for the most part of Towerstreete warde. This Church of S, Dunstone is called in the East, for difference from one other of the same name in the west: it is a fayre and large Church of an ancient building, and within a large Church yarde, * 1.385 it hath a great parish of many rich Marchantes and other occupi∣ers of diuers Trades, namely Saltars and Ironmongers.

The monumentes in that Church bee these. In the Quire Iohn Kenington Parson there buried, 1374. William Islip, Parson, 1382. Iohn Kryoll Esquire, brother to Thomas Kryol,

1400. Nicholas Bond, Thomas Barry Marchant, 1445. Ro∣bert Shelly Esquier, 1420. Robert Pepper Grocer, 1445. Iohn Norwich Grocer. 1390. Alice Brome, wife to Iohn Couentry sometime Maior of London. 1433. VVilliam Isaack Draper Alderman, 1508. Edward Skales Marchant, 1521. Iohn Ri∣croft Esquire, Sargiant of the Larder, to Henry the seuenth, and Henry the eight, 1532. Edwatars Esquier Sargeant at Armes, 1558. Sir Bartilmew Iames Draper Maior, 1479. buried vnder a fayr Monument, with his Lady. Ralph Greenway Grocer, Alderman, put vnder the stone of Robert Peppar 1559. Thomas Bledlow one of the Shiriffes. 1472. Iames Bacon Fishmonger Shiriffe, 1573. Sir Richarde Champion Draper Maior, 1568. Henry Herdson Skinner Alderman. 1555. Sir Iames Garnado Knight, VVilliam Hariote Draper Maior. 1481. buried in a fayre Chappell by him builded, 1517. Iohn Tate sonne to Sir Iohn Tate, in the same Chappell, in the north wal, Sir Christopher Draper Ironmonger Maior, 1566. bu∣ried 1580. and many other worshipfull Personages besides, whose monumentes are altogether defaced. Now for the two church lanes, they meeting on the south side of this Church and Churchyarde, do ioyne in one: and running down to the Thames streete: the same is called S. Dunstans hill, at the lower ende whereof the said Thames streete, towards the west on both sides almost to Belins gate, but towards the east vp to the water gate, by the Bulwarke of the Tower, is all of Towerstreete warde. In this streete on the Thames side are diuers large landing pla∣ces, called wharffes, or keyes, for Cranage vp of wares and mar∣chandizes, as also for shipping of wares from thence to bee tran∣sported. These wharffes and keyes commonly beare the names of their owners, and are therefore changeable. I read in the 26. of Henry the first that in the parish of S. Dunstone in the East a Tenement called Passekes* 1.386 wharffe and an other called Horners key in Thames streete, were granted to VVilliam Haringdon Esquire. I reade also that in the sixt of Richarde the second Iohn Churchman Grocer, for the quiet of Marchantes, did newlie build a certaine house vpon the key, called Wooll wharfe, in the Towerstreete ward, in the Parish of Alhallowes, Barking, be∣twixt

the Tenement of Paule Salisberry on the east part, and the lane called the water gate on the west,* 1.387 to serue for Troynage, or weighing of wooles in the Port of London:* 1.388 Whereupon the king granted that during the life of the saide Iohn, the aforesaid Troy∣nage should be held and kept in the saide house,* 1.389 with easementes there, for the ballances and waightes, and a counting place, for the Customer, Controwlers, Clarkes, and other Officers of the saide Troynage together with ingresse and egresse to and frō the same, euen as was had in other places, where the said Troynage was wont to be kept,* 1.390 and that the king should pay yearely to the saide Iohn, during his life xl.••. at the termes of S. Michaell and Easter, by euen portions by the handes of his Customer without any other payment to the saide Iohn,* 1.391 as in the Indenture thereof more at large appeareth.

Neare vnto this Customers key towardes the East, is the saide watergate, and west•• from it Porters key,* 1.392 then Galley key, where the Gallies were vsed to vnlade, and land their marchandi∣zes and wares: and that part of Thames streete, was therefore of some called Galley Row, but more commonly Petty Wales.* 1.393

On the North side, as well as on the South of this Thames streete is many fayre houses large for stowage, builded for Mar∣chantes, but towardes the east ende thereof, namely ouer against Galley key, Woole key, and the custome house, there haue been, of old time some large buildings of stone, the ruines where of doe yet remaine, but the first builders and owners of them are worn out of memorie, wherefore the common people affirme Iulius Cesar* 1.394 to bee the builder thereof, as also of the Tower it selfe. But thereof I haue spoken alreadie. Some are of an other opinion, and that a more likely, that this great stone building was sometime the lodging appointed for the Princes of VVales,* 1.395 when they re∣payred to this cittie, and that therefore the streete in that part, is called Pety Wales, which name remaineth there most commonly vntill this day: euen as where the kinges of Scotland were vsed to be lodged betwixt Charing crosse and white hall, it is likewise called Scotland: and where the Earles of Briton, were lodged without Aldersgate, the streete is called Britaine streete, &c.

The saide building might of olde time pertaine to the Princes

of VVales as is aforesaide, but is since turned to other vse.

It is before noted of Galley key that the Gallies of Italie, and other partes did there discharge their wines a••d marchandi∣zes* 1.396 brought to this Citie. It is like therefore that the Marchants and Owners procured the place to builde vpon for their lodgings and storehouses, as the Marchantes of the Haunce of Almayne, were licensed to haue an house called, Gilda T••utonicorum the Guild hall of the Germaines. Also the Marchantes of Burd••∣aux were licensed to builde at the Uintry, stronglie with stone, as may bee yet seene and seemeth olde, though often repayred: much more cause hath these building in Pety Wales (though as lately builded, and partly of the like stone, brought from Cane in No••∣mandie,) to seeme olde which for many yeares (to wit since the Gallies* 1.397 left their course of landing there) hath fallen to ruine and beene letten out, for stabling of horses, to Tiplers of Beere, and such like amongst others, one mother Mampudding (as they ter∣med her) for many yeares kept this house (or a greate parte there∣of) for victualing, and it seemeth that the builders of the hall of this house were shipwrightes,* 1.398 and not house Carpenters: for the frame thereof (being but low) is raised of certaine principall all posts of maine timber, fixed deepe in the ground, without any ground∣sell boorded close round aboute, on the inside, hauing none other wall from the ground to the roofe, those Boordes not excée∣ding the length of a Clapboorde, aboute an inch thicke, euery boorde ledging ouer other, as in a Ship or Gallie nayled with ship nayles, called rugh, and clenches, to wit rugh nayles with broad round heads, and clenched on the other side with square plates of i∣ron, the roofe of this hall is also wrought of the like boorde & nay∣led with rugh and clench, & seemeth as it were a Galley, the kecle turned vpwardes, and I obserued that no worme or rottennes is seene to haue enterred, eyther boorde or timber, and therefore (in mine opinion) of no great antiquity, but I leaue euery man to his owne iudgement, and passe to other matters.

I read in the 44. of Edward the third, that an Hospitall* 1.399 in the parish of Barking Church was founded there by Robert Dentō Chaplen, for the suffentation of poore Priestes, and other both men and women, that were sicke, of the Phrensie, there to remain

till they were perfectly whole, and restored to good memorie. Also I read that in the 6. of Henry the fift, there was in the Tower warde, a Messuage or great house, called Cobhams Inne,* 1.400 and in the 37. of Henry the sixt, a Messuage in Thames streete per∣tayning to Richarde Longuile &c. Some of the ruines before spoken of, may seeme to be of the foresaide Hospitall, belonging peraduenture to some Prior Alien, and so suppressed amongst the rest, in the raigne of Edwarde the thirde, or Henry the fift, who suppressed them all. Thus much for the boundes and antiquities of this warde, wherein is noted the Tower of London, three parrish Churches, the Custome house, and two Hals of Companies, to wit, the Clothworkers and the Bakers. This warde hath an Alderman his Deputie, common Counsel∣lors eight, Constables thirteene, Scauengers twelue, Ward∣mote men thirteene, and a Beadle: it is taxed to the fifteen at 46.••. and accounted in the Exchequer at 45.••. 10.••.

Ealdgate warde.

THe second warde within the wall on the east part is called Ealdgate warde,* 1.401 as taking name of the saide gate, the principall streete of this warde be∣gineth at Ealdgate, stretching west to sometime a fayre wall, where now a pumpe is placed: from thence the way being deuided into twaine, the first and principal streete, called Ealdgate streete, runneth on the Southside, to Limestreete corner, and halfe that streete down on the left hand, is also of that warde. In the mid way on that South side, betwixt Ealdgate and Lymestreete, is Hart horne alley,* 1.402 a way that goeth through into Fenchurch streete ouer a∣gainst Northumberlande house. Then haue yee the Bricklayers hall,* 1.403 and an other Alley called sprinckle alley,* 1.404 of an holy water Sprinkle sometime hanging there, now named Sugar loafe Alley of the like signe. Then is there a fayre, house: with diuers Tene∣ments neare adioyning, sometime belonging to a late dissolued Priorie since possessed by Mistresse Cornewallies, widow and her

heires, by the gift of king Henry the 8. in rewarde of fine puddings (as it was commonly said) by her made, where with she had presen∣ted him. Such was the princely liberality of those times. Of later time, Sir Nicholas Throgmortō knight, was lodged there. Then somewhat more west, is Belzetars lane,* 1.405 so called of the first buil∣der & owner thereof, now corruptly called Billita lane, betwixt this Belzettars lane, & Lymestreete, was of later time a frame of three fayre houses set vp in the yere 1590. in place where, before was a large garden plot, inclosed frō the high street, with a Bricke wall, which wall being taken downe, and the ground digged déepe for Cellerage, there was found right vnder the saide Bricke wall an other wal of stone,* 1.406 with a gate Arched with stone and gates of Timber, to be closed in the midst towardes the streete, the tim∣ber of the Gates was consumed, but the Hinges of iron stil remai∣ned on their staples on both the sides. Moreouer in that wall were square windowes with bars of iron, on eyther side the gate, this wall was vnder ground aboute two fathomes deepe, as I then esteemed it, and seemeth to be the ruines of some house burned in the raigne of king Stephen, when the fire began in the house of one Aelward neare London stone, and consumed east to Eald∣gate, whereby it appeareth how greatly the ground of this Citie, hath beene in that place raised. On the north side: this principall streete stretcheth to the west corner of S. Andrewes Church, & then the ward turneth towardes the North by S. Mary streete,* 1.407 on the east side to S. Augustines Church in the wal, and so by Buries marks againe, or aboute by the wal to Ealdgate. The se∣cond way from Ealdgate, more towardes the south from the Pumpe aforesaide is called Fenchurch streete, and is of Ealdgate warde till ye come to Culuar Alley,* 1.408 on the west side of Iron∣mongers hall where sometime was a lane which went out of Fenchurchstreete to the midst of Limestreete, but this lane was stopped vp, for suspition of theeues that lurked there by night. A∣gaine to Aldgate out of the principall streete euen by the gate & wall of the City, runneth a lane south to the Tower hill, and out of this lane west, a street called Hart streete,* 1.409 which of that ward stretcheth to Sydon lane by S. Olaues Church. One other lane more west from Ealdgate goeth by Northumberland house to∣wardes the Crossed Fryars: then haue yee on the same side

the Northend of Martlane, and Blanch Chappleton where that warde endeth.

Thus much for the bounds: now for monuments, or places most ancient and notable: I am first to beginne with the late dissolued Priorie of the Holy Trinitie called Christes Church, on the right hand within Ealdgate. This Priorie was founded by Matilde the Queene, wife to Henry the first, in the same place where Siredus sometime began to erect a Church in honor of the Crosse, and of S. Marie Magdalen, of which the Deane and Chapter of Waltham were wont to receiue 30.••. The Queene was to acquite her Church thereof, and in Exchange gaue vnto them a mill. King Henry her husband confirmed her gift: This Church was giuen to Norman, the first Cannon regular in all England.* 1.410 The said Queene also gaue vnto the same Church and those that serued God therein the port of Ealdgate, & the Soke ther¦unto belonging, with al customes so frée as she had held the same, & 25.••, Blanks, which she had of the Citie of Excester: as appea∣reth by her deed, wherein she nameth the house Christs Church, and reporteth Aldegate to be of her demaines, which she granteth with 2. parts of the rent of the citie of Excester. Norman tooke v∣pon him to bee Prior of Christes Church, in the yere of Christ 1108 in the Parishes of S. Marie Magdalen, S. Michael. S. Ka∣therine, and the Blessed Trinitie, which now was made but one Parish of the Holy Trinitie, and was in olde time of the Holy Crosse, or Holy Roode Parish. The Priorie was builded on a peece of ground in the Parish of S. Katherine, towards Ealdgate, which lieth in length betwixt the Kinges streete, by the which men go towardes Ealdgate: neare to the Chappell of S. Michaell towardes the North, and conteyneth in length 83. els half quarter & quartern of the kings Iron eln, & ly∣eth in bredth &c. the Soke & ward of Ealdgate, was then bounded as I haue before shewed, the Queen was a mean also that y^e land and English Knighten Guild, was giuen vnto the Prior Norman the honorable man Geffery de Glinton was a great helper ther∣in and obtayned that the Canons might inclose the way betwixt their church and the wal of the citie &c.* 1.411 This Priorie in processe of time became a very fayre and large church, rich in lands and or∣naments and passed all the Priories in the citie of London or

shire of Middlesex, the Prior whereof was an Alderman of London, to wit, of Portsoken warde. I reade that Eustacius the 8. Prior, about the yeare 1264. because hee would not deale with temporall matters instituted Theobald Fitz Iuonis Alderman of Portsoken Warde vnder him. And that William Rysing, Prior of Christes Church was sworne Alderman of the said Portsoken Warde, in the first of Richard the second. These Priors haue fitten and ridden amongst the Aldermen of London, in liuery like vnto them, sauing that his habite was in shape of a spirituall per∣son as I my self haue séene in my childhood: at which time the Pri∣or kept a most bountifull house of meate and drinke both for rich and poore, aswell within the house as at the gates, to all commers according to their estates. These bee the monumentes in this church, Sir Robert Turke, and Dame Alice his wife, Iohn Ti∣rell Esquire, Simon Kempe Esquire, Iames Manthorpe Es∣quire, Iohn Ascue Esquire, Thomas Fauset of Scalset Esquire, Iohn Kempe gentleman, Robert Chirwide Esquire, Sir Iohn Heningham and Dame Isabel his wife, Dame Agnes wife first to Sir William Bardolpe, and then to Sir Thomas Mortimer, Iohn Ashfield Esquire. Sir Iohn Dedham Knight. Sir Am∣brose Charcam, Iohn wife to Thomas Nuck Gent. Iohn Husse Esquire, Iohn Beringham Esquire, Thomas Goodwine E∣squire, Raph Walles Esquire, Dame Margaret daughter to Sir Raph Cheuie, wife to Sir Iohn Barkely, to Sir T. Barnes, and to Sir W. Bursire, William Roose, Simon Frauncis, Iohn Breton Esquire, Helling Esquire, Iohn Malwen, and his wife, Anthonie Welles, sonne to Iohn Welles, Nicholas de Aue∣sey and Margery his wife, Anthony sonne to Iohn Milles, Hen∣ry Fitzalwine Mayor of London 1213. Baldwine sonne to king Stephen, and Mathilde daughter to king Stephen, wife to the Earle of Millen, and many other. But to conclude my speach of this Priorie,* 1.412 king Henry the eyght minding to reward Sir Tho∣mas Audley speaker of the Parliament, against Cardinall Wol∣sey (as ye may reade in Hall) sent for the Prior commending him for his hospitalitie, promised him (as a man worthy of a far grea∣ter dignitie, (which promise surely he performed, and compounded with him (though in what sorte I neuer heard) so that the Prior surrendred all that Priory with the apurtenances to the king, in

the moneth of Iuly, in the yeare 1531. the 23. of the said Kinges raigne. The Canons were sent to other houses of the same or∣der, and the Priory with the apurtenances King Henry gaue vn∣to Sir Thomas Audley newly knighted, and after made Lorde Chauncelor. This Sir Thomas Audeley offered the great Church of this Priorie, with a ring of nine bels well tuned (wher∣of foure the greatest are now at Stebunhith, and the fiue lesser at S. Stephens in Colemans stréete) to the parishioners of Saint Katherine Christ church, in exchaunge for their small parrish Church, minding to haue pulled it downe, & to haue builded there towardes to stréete: But the parishioners hauing doubtes in their heades of afterclappes, refused the offer. Then was the Pri∣orie Church and stéeple, proffered to whomsoeuer that would take it downe, and carry it from the ground, but no man would vnder∣take the offer, whereupon Sir Thomas Audley was fayne to bee at more charges to take it downe, then could bee made of the stone, timber, leade, yron &c. For the workemen with great labor beginning at the toppe, loased stone from stone, and threwe them downe, whereby the most part of them were broken, and few re∣mayned whole, and those were solde very cheape, for all build∣inges then made, were of bricke and timber. At that time any man in the Cittie, might haue a carte loade of hard stone for pa∣••ing brought to his dore for vj.••.or vij.••.with the carriage. The said Thomas Lord Audley builded and dwelt on this Priorie du∣ring his life, and died there in the yeare 1544. since the which time the said Priory came by marriage of the Lord Audleyes daughter and heyre vnto Thomas late Duke of Norfolke, and was then called the Dukes place.* 1.413 The parish Church of S. Katherine* 1.414 standeth in the Cemitory of the late dissolued Priorie of the holy Trinitie, and is therefore called S. Katherine Christ Church. This Church séemeth to bee a very olde thing, since the buil∣ding whereof the high streete hath béene so often raysed by paue∣mentes, that now men are faine to descende into the saide Church by diuers steppes. But the stéeple, or Bell Tower thereof hath beene lately builded, to witte, about the yeare 1504. for Sir Iohn Perciuall Marchant Taylor then deceasing gaue mony to∣wardes the building thereof. There be the Monuments of Sir Thomas Fleming Knight of Rowalles, in Essex, & Margaret

his wife 1464. Roger Marshall Esquire, Iane Horne, wife to Roger Marshall, William Multon, alias Burdiaux Her∣ralde, Iohn Goade Esquire and Ioan his wife, Beatrix daugh∣ter to VVilliam Browne, Thomas Multon Esquire, sonne to Burdeaux Herralde, Iohn Chitcroft Esquire, Iohn Wake∣fielde Esquire, VVilliam Criswicke, Anne, and Sewch daughters to Raph Shirley Esquire, Sir Iohn Rainstorth knight of Essex, Sir Nicholas Throkmorton chiefe Butler of England, one of the Chamberlaynes of the Exchequer, Ambassadour &c. 1570. and other. At the North west corner of this Ward in the said high stréete, standeth the fayre and beautifull parrish Church of S. Andrew* 1.415 the Apostle, with an addition (to bee knowne from other Churches of that name) of the Knape or vndershaft, and so called S. Andrew Vndershaft because that of olde time, euery yeare on May day in the morning it was vsed, that an high or long shaft (or May pole) was set vppe there, in the midst of the street before the south dore of the said Church, which shaft when it was set on end, & fixed in the ground, was higher then the Church stéeple. Geffrey Chawcer, writing of a vaine boaster, hath these wordes, meaning of the said shaft.* 1.416

Right well aloft and high ye beare your heade, The weather cocke with flying, as ye would kill,* 1.417 VVhen ye be stuffed bet of wine, then brede Then looke ye when your wombe doth fill, As ye would beare the great shaft of Cornehill, Lord so merrily crowdeth then your croke That all the streete may heare your body cloke.

This shaft was not raysed at any time since euill May day, (so called of an insurrection made by Prentises, and other young per∣sons against Aliens in the yeare 1517) but the said shaft was laid along ouer the dores and vnder the pentises of one row of houses, and Alley gate, called of the shaft, shaft Alley, (being of the posses∣sions of Rochester bridge) in the Warde of Limestreete. It was there I say hanged on Iron hookes many years, till the third of king Edward the sixt, that one Sir Stephen, curat of S. Kathe∣rine

Christes Church, preaching at Paules crosse, said there, that this shaft was made an Idoll (by naming the church of S. An∣drew, with the addition of vnder that shaft:* 1.418 he perswaded there∣fore that the names of churches might bee altered: also that the names of daies in the wéeke might bee changed, the fish dayes to be kept any dayes, except friday and saterday, and the Lent any time, saue onely betwixt Shrouetide and Easter: I heard his ser∣mon, and saw the effect that followed: for in the afternoone of that present sonday, the neighbors and tenants to the said Bridge, o∣uer whose dores the said shaft had laine (after they had well dined to make themselues strong) gathered more helpe, and with great labour raysing the shaft from the hookes whereon it had rested two and thirtie yeares, they sawed it in péeces,* 1.419 euery man taking for his share so much as had layne ouer his dore & stall, the length of his house, and they of the Alley deuided amongst them so much as had layne ouer their Alley gate. Thus was this Idoll (as he poore man tearmed it) mangled and after burned.

Soone after was there a commotion of the Commons in Norfolke, Suffolke, Essex, and other shires, by meanes where∣of streight orders being taken for the suppression of rumors) dy∣uers persons were apprehended and executed by the martial Law, amongst the which the Baylife of Romford* 1.420 in Essex was one, a man very well beloued: hee was earely in the morning of Mary Magdalens day (then kept holy day) brought by the Sheriffes of London and the Knight Marshall, to the Well within Ealdgate there to be executed vpon a Iebit set vp that morning, where be∣ing on the ladder, he had words to this effect: Good people I am come hither to die, but knowe not for what offence, except for wordes by ••e spoken yester night to Sir Stephen, Curate and Preacher of this parish, which were these: Hee asked mee what newes in the countrey, I answered heauie newes: why quod he? it is saide (quoth I) that many men bee vp in Essex, but thankes be to God all is in good quier about vs: and this was all as God be my Iudge, &c. vpon these wordes of the prisoner, Sir Stephen to auoide the reproch of the people, left the Cittie, and was neuer heard of ••••nce to my knowledge. I heard the wordes of the pri∣soner, for he was executed vpon the pauement of my dore, where

I then kept house: Thus much by digression, now again to the pa∣rish church of S. Andrew Vndershaft* 1.421 (for it stil retaineth y^• name) which hath béene new builded by the parishioners there, since the yeare 1520. euery man putting to his helping hande•• some with their purses, other with their bodies: Stephen Genings mar∣chant Taylor, sometime Mayor of London, caused at his charges to be builded the one halfe, to wit, the whole North side of the great middle Ile, both of the bodie and quire, as appeareth by his arms ouer euery pillar grauen, & also the North Ile, which he also roofed with timber, and seeled, also the whole South side of the church was glased, and the Pewes in the south chappell made of his costs as appeareth in euery window, and vpon the said pewes. He deceased in the yeare 1524. and was buried in the Gray Fri∣ers church. Iohn Kerkbie Marchant Taylor sometime one of the Sheriffes, Iohn Garlande Marchant Taylor and Nicholas Leuison mercer, executor to Garland, were great benefactors to this worke: which was finished to the glasing in the yeare 1529. and fully finished 1532. The monuments of the dead bu∣ried in this church are these: Phillip Malpas one of the She∣riffes in the yeare 1439. was buried in the old church: this man gaue by his testament to the poore prisoners 125. pound: to other poore, euery yeare for fiue yeares together foure hundred shirtes and smockes, an hundred and fiftie gownes, and fortie paire of shéetes, to poore maydes mariages an hundred markes, to high wayes an hundred markes, and to fiue hundred poore people in London euery one si••e shillinges eyght pence, besides twentie marks the yeare to a graduate, to preach abroad in the countries: twentie shillings the yeare, for twentie yeares to the preachers at the Spittle, the thrée Easter holy dayes. Sir Robert Dennie Knight, and after him Thomas Dennie his sonne in the yeare 1421. Thomas Stokes Gentleman, Grocer, 1496. In the new church Iohn Michell Merchant Taylor, 1537. William Draper Esquire 1537. Isabel and Margaret his wiues, Nicho∣las Leuison Mercer, one of the Sheriffes 1534. Iohn Gerrarde Woolman Merchant of the Stayle 1546. Henry Man Doctor of diuinitie, Bishop of Man, 1550. Stephen Kyrton marchant Taylor Alderman 1553. Dauid VVoodroffe Ha••••rdasher,

one of the Sheriffes 1554. Sir Thomas Ofley Marchant Tay∣lor, Mayor, 1556. Thomas Starkey Skinner, one of the She∣riffes 1578. Hugh Ofley Leatherseller one of the Sheriffes. 1588.

Now downe S. Mary stréete* 1.422 by the West ende of the church to∣wardes the North, stand diuers fayre houses for Marchantes, and other: namely one fayre great house, builded by Sir William Pickering* 1.423 the father, possessed by Sir William his sonne, and since by Sir Edward Wootton of Kent. North from this place is the Fletchers Hall,* 1.424 and so downe to the corner of that stréete, ouer against London wal, & againe Eastwards, to a fayre house lately builded, by M. Beale one of the Clearkes of the Counsell.

Then come you to the Pappey, a proper house, wherein some∣time was kept a Fraternitie, or brotherhood of S. Charitie, and S. Iohn Euangelist, called the Papey,* 1.425 for poore impotent Priestes, (for in some language Priestes are called Papes) founded in the yeare 1430. by William Oliuer, William Barnabie, and Iohn Stafford Chaplens, or Chauntrie Priests in London, for a May∣ster, two Wardens, &c. Chaplens, Chauntery Priestes, conducts, and other brethren, and sisters, that should bee admitted into the Church of S. Augustine Papey in the Wall, the brethren of this house becomming lame, or otherwise into great pouertie, were here relieued, as to haue chamber, with certaine allowance of bread, drinke, and cole, and one olde man and his wife to sée them serued, and to kéepe the house cleane. This brotherhood a∣mongst others was suppressed in the raigne of Edwarde the sixt, since the which time in this house hath beene lodged M. Moris of Essex, Sir Frauncis Walsingham principall Secretarie to her Maiestie, Mayster Barret of Essex &c.

Then next is one great house large of roomes, fayre courts and garden plottes, sometimes pertayning to the Bassets, since that to the Abbots of Bury* 1.426 in Suffolke, and therefore called Buries Markes, (corruptly Beuis Markes) and since the dissolution of the Abbey of Burie to Sir Thomas Henage the father and the sonne. Then next vnto it is the before spoken Priorie of the holy Trinity to wit, the West and North part thereof, which stretcheth vp to Ealdgate where we first begun. Now againe in the second way

from Ealdgate more toward the south from the Well or Pumpe aforesaid, lyeth Fenne Church stréete,* 1.427 on the right hand whereof somewhat west from the south end of Belzetters lane, is the Irō∣mongers hall:* 1.428 which companie was incorporated in the third of Edward the fourth. Richard Fleming was their first maister, Nicholas Marshall & Richard Cox were Custos or Wardens. And on the left hand or south side, euen by the gate and wall of the citie runneth downe a lane to the Tower hill,* 1.429 and out of this lane toward the west, a stréete called Hart stréete. In this stréete, at the southeast corner thereof sometime sto••de one house of Crou∣ched (or crossed) Friers,* 1.430 founded by Raph Hosiar) & VVilliam Sabernes, about the yeare 1298. Stephen the 10, Prior of the holy Trinitie in London, granted 3. tenements for xiij.••.viij.••. by the yeare, vnto the said Raph Hosiar, and William Sabernes, who aftrerwards became Friers of S. Crosse. Adam was the first Prior of that house. These Fryers founded their house in place of certaine tenements purchased of Richard VVimbush the 12. Prior of the holy Trinitie in the yeare 1319. which was confir∣med by Edward the 3. the 17. of his raigne, valued at two & fiftie pound, thirtéene shillings, foure pence, surrendered the 12. of No∣uember the 30. of Henry the eight. In this house was buried Mayster Iohn Tirres, Nicholas the sonne of William Ky∣••iel Esquire, Sir Thomas Mellington Baron of Wemese, and Dame Elizabeth his wife, daughter and heire of William Bote∣lar Baron of Wome, Robert Mellington esquire, and Elizabeth his wife, daughter to Ferreis of Ousley, Henry Louell, sonne to William Lord Louell, Dame Isabell wife to William Edward, Mayor of London 1471. William Narborough, & Dame Eliza∣beth his wife, William Narbrough, and Dame Beatrix his wife, William Brosked esquire, William Bowes, Lyonel Mol∣lington esquire, son of Robert Mollington, Nicholas Couderow & Elizabeth his wife. Sir Iohn Stratford Knight, Sir Thomas Asseldy, Knight Clearke of the crowne, Submarshall of Eng∣land, and Justice of the shire of Middlesex, Iohn Rest Grocer Mayor of London 1516. Sir Iohn Skeuington Knight, Mer∣chant Taylor, Sheriffe 1520. Sir Iohn Milborne Draper, Mayor in the yeare 1521. was buried there, but remoued since to S. Edmonds in Lombard streete, &c.

In place of this church is now a carpenters yard, a Tennis court, and such like: the Fryers hall was made a glasse house,* 1.431 or house wherein was made glasse of diuers sorts to drinke in: which house in the yere 1575. on the 4. of September brast out into a terrible fire, where being practised all meanes possible to quench, not with∣stāding as y^e same house in a smal time before, had consumed a great quantitie of wood by making of glasses, now it selfe hauing within it about 40000. Billets of woode was all consumed to the stone wals, which neuertheles greatly hindered the fire frō spreading any further. Adioyning vnto this Fryers church, by the East ende thereof, in the lane towardes the Tower hill, are certaine proper almes houses,* 1.432 14. in number, builded of Bricke and timber, foun∣ded by Sir Iohn Milborne Draper, sometime Mayor 1521. wherin be placed xiij. aged poore men, and their wiues, if they haue wiues: these haue their dwellings rent free, and ij.••.iiij.••.the péece: the first day of euery moneth for euer. One also is to haue his house ouer the gate, and iiij.••.euery moneth &c. For the per∣formance whereof by the mayster and wardens of the Drapers in London, he assured vnto them and their successors 23. Mes∣suages and tenements and 18. garden plottes in the parish of S. Olaue in Hart stréete, with Prouiso, that if they performe not these points aboue mencioned and others, the said tenementes and gardens to remaine to the Mayor and communalty of the Citie of London &c. Next to these almes houses is the Lord Lumleyes house,* 1.433 builded in the time of Henry the eight, by Sir Thomas W••at the father, vpon one plot of grounde of late pertayning to the foresaid Crossed Fryers, where part of their house stood: And this is the farthest part of Ealdgate ward, towards the south, and ioyneth to the Tower hill. The other side of that lane, ouer a∣gainst the Lord Lumleyes house, on the wall side of the Cittie is now for the most part (or altogether) builded euen to Ealdgate.

Then haue ye on the south side of Fen church stréete, ouer a∣gainst the wall, amongst other fayre and large builded houses, one that sometime belonged to the Prior of Monte Ioues, or monaste∣rie Cornute (a cell to Monte Ioues beyond the seas) in Essex: it was the Priors Inne, when he repayred to this cittie.* 1.434 Then a lane that leadeth downe by Northumberland house, towards the crossed Friers, as is afore shewed.

This Northumberland house* 1.435 in the parrish of S. Katherine Colman belonged to Henry Percy Earle of Northumberland in the thrée & thirty of Henry the sixt, but of late being left by the Earles, the Gardens thereof were made into Bowling Alleyes, and other partes into dycing houses, common to all commers for their money, there to bowle and hasard, but now of late so ma∣ny Bowling allies and other houses for vnlawfull gaming, hath beene raised in other partes of the citie and suburbes, that this their auncient and onely patron of misrule, is left and forsaken of her Gamesters, and therefore turned into a number of greate ren∣ted small cottages, for strangers and other. At the west ende of this Lane in the way from Ealdgate toward the Crossed Friers, of olde time were certaine Tenements called the poore Iurie* 1.436 of Iewes dwelling there. Next vnto this Northumberland house is the parish Church of S. Katheren called Coleman,* 1.437 which addition of Coleman, was taken of a great Haw yarde or gar∣den, of olde time called Coleman haw, in the parish of the Trini∣tie, now called Christes Church, and in the Parish of S. Ka∣therine, and All Saintes called Coleman Church. Then haue ye the Blanch Chapleton, whereof I reade in the thirteenth of Edward the first, that a lane behinde the same Blanch Chaple∣ton,* 1.438 was granted by the King to be inclosed and shut vp. This Blanch Chapleton was a mannor belonging to Sir Thomas Roes of Hamelake knight, the seuenth of Richard the second, stan¦ding at the Northeast corner of Marte lane, which was so called of a Priuiledge sometime enioyed, so keepe a Marte there, now long time since discontinued, and therefore forgotten, so as no∣thing remaineth for memorie, but the name of Mart lane,* 1.439 and that corruptly termed Marke lane. I reade that in the thirde of Ed∣warde the fourth, all Basket makers, Wiar Drawers, and o∣ther Forreyners, were permitted to haue shops, in this manner of Blanch Cappleton,* 1.440 and not else where within this citie or sub∣urbs thereof: & this also being the farthest west part of this ward, on that southside I leaue it. Which hath one Alderman, his De∣putie, common counsaylors six, Constables six, Schauengers 9. Wardmote men for inquest eightteene, and a Bedle. It is taxed to the Fifeteene in London, at 46.••. and accounted in the Exchequer to 45.••. 10.••.

Lymestreete warde.

THe next is Lymestreete warde,* 1.441 and taketh the name Lymestreete,* 1.442 of making or sel∣ling of Lyme there, (as is supposed,) the East side of this Lymestreete, from the North corner thereof to the middest is of Ealdgate ward, as is aforesaide: the west side, for the most parte from the saide North corner, southward, is of this Lymestreete warde: the southende on both sides is of Langborne warde: the bodie of this Lymestreete warde, is of the high streete called Cornhill streete,* 1.443 which stretcheth from Limestreete on the south side, to the west corner of Leaden hall: and on the North side from the southwest corner of S. Marie streete, to an other corner ouer against Leaden hall.

Now for S. Marie streete, the west side thereof is of this Lime∣streete warde, and also the streete which runneth by the North∣ende of this S. Marie streete, on both sides, from thence west to an house called the Wrestlers (a signe so called) almost to Bi∣shopsgate. And these are the bounds of this small warde.

Monuments or places notable in this warde be these: In Lyme∣street are diuers fayr houses, for Marchants & others, there was sometime a mansion house of the kinges, called the kinges Artirce* 1.444 whereof I finde recorde in the 14. of Edwarde the first, but now grown out of knowledge. I reade also of an other greate house in the westside of Lymestreete, hauing a Chappel on the south, and a garden on the west, then belonging to the Lorde Neuell, (which Garden is now called the Greene yarde of the Leaden hal. This house in the ninth of Richard the second, pertayned to Sir Simon Burley, and Sir Iohn Burley, his brother, and of late the faide house was taken downe, and the forefront thereof new buil∣ded of timber by Hugh Offley Alderman. At the North west cor∣ner of Lymestreete was of olde time one greate Messuage called

Benbriges Inne,* 1.445 Ralph Hollend Draper, about the yere 1452. gaue it to Iohn Gill, maister, and to the Wardens and Fraterni∣ty of Taylors and Linnen Armorers of S. Iohn Baptill, in Lon∣don, and to their successors for euer. They did set vp in place thereof a fayre large frame of timber, contayning in the high street one great house, and before it to the corner of Limestreete, three other Tenementes, the corner house being the largest, and then downe Limestreete diuers proper Tenementes. Al which the Marchant Taylors in the raigne of Edwarde the sixt solde to Stephen Kirton Marchantaylor, and Alderman: this worshipfull man, and the Gentlewoman his widdow after him, kept those houses in good reparations, neuer put out one Tennant, tooke no fines, nor raised Rents of them, which was x.••.the peece yearely: But whether that fauour did ouerliue her funerall, the Tenantes now can best declare.

Next vnto this on the high streete, was the Lorde Souches Messuage* 1.446 or Tenement and other. In place whereof Richarde VVhethill, Marchant Taylor builded a fayre house, with an high Tower, the second in number, and first of timber, that euer I learned to haue beene builded to ouerlooke neighboures in this citie.

This Richarde then a young man became in short time so tormented with Goutes in his ioyntes, of the hands and legges, that hee could neither feede himselfe, nor goe farther then hee was led, much lesse, was hee able to clime, and take the pleasure of the height of his Tower. Then is there an other fayre house, builded by Stephen Kyiton Alderman, Alderman Lee doth now possesse it.

Then is there a fayre house of olde time called the Greene gate,* 1.447 by which name one Mighel Pistoy Lumbard held it, with a tenement & 9. shops, in the raigne of Richard the second, who in the ••5. of his raigne gaue it to Roger Crophull, and Thomas Bromeflet, Esquiers, by the name of the Greene gate,* 1.448 in the pa∣rish of S, Andrew vpon Cornhill, in Lymestreete ward: since the which time Philip Malpas,* 1.449 sometime Alderman, and one of the Shiriffes dwelled therein, and was there rob∣bed, and spoiled of his goodes to a greate value, by Iacke Cade

and other Rebels in the yeare 1449.

Afterwades in the raigne of Henry the seuenth, it was sea∣sed into the kinges handes, and then granted, first vnto Iohn Al∣ston, after that to William de la Riuars, and since by Henry the eight, to Iohn Mutas (a Picarde) or Frenchman, who dwelled there, and harbored in his house, many Frenchmen, that kalen∣dred wolstedes, and did other thinges contrary to the Franchises of the Citizens: wherefore on euill May day, which was in the yeare 1517. the Prentizes and other spoiled his house: and if they could haue found Mutas,* 1.450 they would haue striken off his head. Sir Peter Mutas a seruiceable Gentleman, sonne to the said Iohn Mutas, solde this house to Dauid Wodrofte Alderman, whose sonne Sir Nicholas Wodroffe Alderman, solde it ouer to Iohn Moore Alderman, that now possesseth it.

Next is a house called the Leaden Portch* 1.451 lately deuided into two Tenementes, whereof one is a Tauerne, and then one other house for a Marchante, likewise called, the Leaden Portch: but now turned to a Cookes house, next is a fayre house and a large, wherein diuers Maioralities haue beene kept, whereof twaine in my remembrance: to wit Sir William Bowiar, and Sir Henry Huberthorne.

The next is Leaden Hall,* 1.452 of which I reade, that in the yere 1309. it belonged to Sir Hugh Neuill knight, and that the La∣die Alice his widow, made a Feofment thereof, by the name of Leaden hall, with the aduowsons of the Church of S. Peter vpon Cornhill, and other churches, to Richard Earle of Arundel and Surrey, 1362. More in the yeare 1380. Alice Neuill, widow to Sir Iohn Neuill knight of Essex, confirmed to Thomas Cogshal, & others the said Manor of Leaden hal, y^e aduowsions &c. In the yere 1384. Humphrey de Bohun, Earle of Hereforde, had the saide Mannor. And in the yeare 1408. Robert Rike∣den of Essex, and Margaret his wife confirmed to Richarde Whitington and other citizens of London, the saide Mannor of Leaden hall, with the Appurtenances, the aduowsions of S. Peters Church, S. Margarets Pattens, &c, And in the yere 1411 the saide Whitington and other confirmed the same to the Maior and Comminaltie of London, whereby it came to the possession

of the Citie. Then in the yeare 1443. the 21. of Henry the sixt,* 1.453 Iohn Ha••herley Maior, purchased licence of the saide king to take vp 200. fodar of leade, for the building of water conduites, a common Granary, and the Crosse in west Cheap, more richlie for honor of the Citie. In the yeare next following the Parson and Parish of S. Dunstone in the east of London, seeing the famous and mighty man (for the wordes be in the graunte: cum nobilis & potens. vir.) Symon Eyre, citizen of London, among other his works of pietie, effectually determined to erect and build a cer∣taine Granarie vpon the soile of the same citie at Leaden hall, of his owne charges, for the common vtilitie of the saide citie, to the amplifiyng, and enlarging of the saide Garnary, granted to Henry Frowicke then Maior, the Aldermen, and Comminaltie and their successors, for euer, all their Tenementes, with the Appurtenances sometime called the Horsemill in Grasse streete, for the anuall rente of foure pounde, &c. Also certaine Euidences (of an Alley and Tenements pertayning to the Horsemill,* 1.454 adioy∣ning to the saide Leaden hall in Grassestreete, giuen by William Kingstone Fishmonger, vnto the parish church of S. Peter vpon Cornehill) do specifie the saide Granary to be builded by the said honorable and famous Marchant Symon Eyre,* 1.455 sometime an Up∣holster, & then a Draper, in the yere 1419. he builded it of squa∣red stone, in forme as now it sheweth, with a fayre & large chap∣pell in the east side of the Quadrante ouer the Portch of which hée caused to be written. Dextra Domini exultauit me, the Lords right hand hath exalted me: hee deceased in the yeare 1459,* 1.456 and was buried in his Parish Church of S. Marie Wolnoth: in Lom∣bard street•• he gaue by his Testament (which I haue read) to be distributed, to al prisoners in London,* 1.457 or within one mile of that cittie, somewhat to releeue them. More hee gaue two thousand markes vpon a condition which not performed, was then to bee distributed, to maides marriages,* 1.458 and other deedes of charity, hee also gaue three thousand markes to the Company of Drapers vpon condition they should within one yeare after his decease e∣stablish perpetually a Maister or Warden, 5. secular Priestes,* 1.459 sixe Clarkes and two Queristers to sing dayly diuine seruice, by note for euer in his Chappell of the Leaden hall: Also three

Schoolemaisters, with an Usher, to wit, one Maister with an Ushar for Grammar, one Maister for writing, and the thirde for Song with howsing there newly builded for them for euer, the mai¦ster to haue for his Salary ten pound: & euerie other Priest eight pound, euery other Clarke, fiue pound six shillinges eight pence, and euery other Chorister, fiue markes: and if the Drapers re∣fused this to doe within one yeare after his decease, then the three thousand Markes to remaine to the Prior and Couent of Christs Church in London, with condition to establsh as is aforesaide, within two yeares after his decease, and if they refused, then the three thousand marks to be disposed by his Executors as they best could deuise in workes of charity: thus much for his Testament not performed by establishing of diuine seruice in his chappell, or frée schooles for schollers, neither how the stocke of thrée thousand markes was imployed by his Executors, coulde I euer learne, fly∣ing tales haue I hearde, but not of credit, to auouch, and therefore I ouer passe them: hee left issue Thomas, who had issue Tho∣mas,* 1.460 &c. True it is that in the yeare 1464. the thirde of Edward the fourth, it was agreede by the Maior, Aldermen, and Com∣minalty of London, that notwithstanding the kinges letters pa∣tentes, lately before granted vnto them touching the Troynage or Weighing of wares to be holden at the Leaden hall, yet suite should be made to the king for new letters pattents to be granted to the Maior of the Staple, for the Tronage of Wolles to be hol∣den there, & order to be taken, by the discretion of Thomas Cooke, then Maior, y^• counsaile of the citie, Geffery Filding, then Maior of the Staple at Westminster, and of his counsaile, what shoulde be paide to the Maior and Aldermen of the citie for the laying and howsing of the Woolles there, that so they might be brought forth and weighed, &c.

Touching the chappell there, I finde that in the yeare 1466. by licence obtayned of king Edwarde the fourth, in the sixt of his raigne, a Fraternitie of the Trinity, of 60. priestes,* 1.461 (besides o∣ther Brethren, and Sisters) in the same Chappell was foun∣ded by William Rouse, Iohn Risbie, and Thomas Ashby, priestes, some of the which 60 priestes, euery market day, in the fore no••ne, did celebrate diuine seruice there, to such market

people as repayred to prayer, and once euery yeare, they mette al∣together, and had solemne seruice, with procession of all the bre∣thren and sisters. This foundation was in the yere, 1512. by a common counsaile confirmed to the 60. Trinity Priestes, and to their successors at the will of the Maior and Comminaltie. Now it did befall that in the yeare, 1484. a greate fire happened vpon this Leaden hal,* 1.462 by what casualty I know not, but much howsing was there destroyed with all the stockes for Guns, and other pro∣uision belonging to the Citie, which was a greate losse, and no lesse charge to be repaired by them. In the yere 1503. the eighteenth of Henry the seuenth,* 1.463 a request was made by the Cōmons of the Citie, concerning the vsage of the saide Leaden hall, in forme as followeth. Please it the Lord Maior, Aldermen, and common Counsaile, to enact that all French men, bringing Canuas, Lin∣nen cloth, and other wares to be solde, and all Forrens bringing Wolffeds, Sayes, Staimus, Kiuerings, Nayles, Iron worke,* 1.464 or any other wares, and also all manner Forrens bringing Lead to the citie to be solde, shall bring all such their wares aforesaide to the open market of Leaden hall there,* 1.465 and no where else to be shewed, solde and vttered, like as of old time it hath beene vsed, vpon paine of forfeyture of all the saide wares shewed or solde in a∣ny other place then aforesaide, the shew of the saide wares to bee made three dayes in the weeke, that is to say Monday, Tuesday, and Wednesday, it is also thought reasonable that the common Beame be kept from henceforth in the Leaden hall, and the Far∣mer to pay therefore reasonable rent to the chamber: for better it is that the chamber haue aduantage thereby, then a Forren per∣son, & also the saide Leaden hal, which is more chargeable now by halfe then profitable, shall better beare out the charges thereof, also the common Beame* 1.466 for wolle at Leaden hall,* 1.467 may pay yeare∣ly a rent to the chamber of London, toward supportation and charges of the same place: for reason it is, that a common office occupied vpon a common ground•• beare a charge to the vse of the Comminaltie: also that Forrens bringing wolles, Fels, or any o∣ther Marchandizes or wares to Leaden hall,* 1.468 to bee kept there for the sale and market, may pay•• more largely for the keeping of their goodes, then Free men. Thus much for the request of

the Commons at this time.

Now to set downe some proofe that the saide hall hath beene imployed and vsed as a Granarie for Corne and Grayne (as the same was first appointed) leauing all former examples, this one may suffice: Roger Acheley Maior* 1.469 of London, in the yere 1512. the thirde of Henry the eight, when the saide Maior entred the Maioralitie, there was not found one hundred quarters of wheate in al the Garners of the citie, eyther within the Liberties or neare adioyning: through the which scarcitie, when the Cartes of Stratforde* 1.470 came laden with Bread to the Citie (as they had béen accustomed) there was such presse aboute them, that one man was readie to destroy an other, in striuing to be serued for their monie: but this scarcitie lasted not long: for the Maior in short time made such prouision of Wheate, that the Bakers both of London, and of Stratforde were weary of taking it vp, and were forced to take much more then they wold, and for the rest the Ma∣ior laide out the money and stowed it vp in Leaden hall, and other Garnars of the Citie. This Maior also kept the market so wel, that he would be at the Leaden hall, by foure a clocke in the som∣mer morninges, and from thence hee went to other markets, to the great comfort of the Citizens. I reade also that in the yeare, 1528. the 20. of Henry the eight, Surueyers were appointed to view the Garnars of the Citie, namely the Br••dge house, and the Leaden hal, how they were stored of Grayne for seruice of the Citie: And because I haue here before spoken of the breade cartes comming from Stratforde at the Bow, yee shall vnderstand that of olde time the Bakers of Bread at Stratforde, were allowed to bring dayly (except the Saboath and principall Feast) diuers long Cartes laden with Bread, the same being two ounces in the pen∣ny wheat loafe heauier then the penny wheate loafe baked in the Citie, the same to bee solde in Cheape, thrée or foure Cartes stan∣ding there, betweene Guthurans lane, and Fausters lane ende, one cart on Cornhill by the Conduite, and one other in Grasse∣streete. And I haue read that in the fourth yeare of Edwarde the second, Richarde Reffeham being Maior, a Baker na∣med Iohn of Stratforde:* 1.471 for making Breade lesser then the Assisse, was with a fooles whoode on his head, and loues of bread

about his neck, drawn on a hurdle through the stréets of this citie: Moreouer in the 44. of Edward the thirde. Iohn Chichester be∣ing Mayor of London,* 1.472 I reade in the visions of Pierce Plow∣man, a booke so called as followeth.

There was a carefull commune, when no cart came to towne with baked bread fro Stratford: tho gan beggars weep & worke∣men were agast, a little this will be thought long in the date of our Drirte, in a drie Auerell a thousand and three hundred, twise thirtie and tenne &c.

These Bakers of Stratford left seruing of this Citie I know not vpon what occasion, about 30. yeares since: In the yeare 1519. a petition* 1.473 was exhibited by the commons to the common counsaile, and was by them allowed, concerning the Leaden hall, how they would haue it vsed, viz. Méekely beseeching sheweth vn∣to your good Lordship, and maysterships, diuers cittzens of this Cittie, which vnder correction thinke, that the great place called the Leaden hall, should nor ought not to be letten to farme, to any person or persons, and in especiall to any fellowship or companie incorporate, to haue and hold the same hall for tearme of yeares, for such inconueniences as therby may ensue, and come to the hur•• of the common weale of the said cittie, in time to come, as some∣what more largely may appeare in the articles following.

First if any assemblie, or hastie gathering of the commons of the said Cittie for oppressing or subduing, of misruled people with∣in the said Cittie hereafter shall happen to be called or commanded by the Mayor, Aldermen, and other gouernors and counsellors of the saide cittie for the time being, there is none so conuenient méet and necessarie a place to assemble them in, within the said cittie, as the said Leaden hall, both for largenes of roome, and for their sure defence in time of their counselling together about the premises. Also in that place hath béen vsed the artillerie, Guns, and other ar∣mors of the said cittie to be safely kept in a readines for y^• safegard, wealth, and defence of the said cittie, to bee had and occupyed at times when néede required. As also the store of timber for the ne∣cessarie reparations of the tenements belonging to the chamber of the said citie, there cōmonly hath beene kept. Item if any triumph or noblenesse were to be done or shewed by the communalty of the

cittie for the honour of our soueraigne Lord, the King, and realme, and for the worship of the said cittie, the said Leaden hall is most meete and conuenient place to prepare and order the said triumph therein, and from thence to issue forth to the places therefore ap∣pointed, Item, at any largesse or dole of any money made vnto the poore people of this cittie, it hath beene vsed to be done and gi∣uen in the said Leaden Hall,* 1.474 for that the said place is most meete therefore. Item, the honorable Father, that was maker of the said hall, had a speciall will, intent and mind, that (as it is com∣monly said) the market men and women that came to the Cittie with victuailes and other thinges should haue their free standing within the said Leaden Hall in wet weather, to kéepe themselues and their wares dry, and thereby to incourage them and all other to haue the better will and desire the more plenteously to resort to the said Cittie, to victuaile the same. And if the saide Hall should be letten to farme, the will of the said honorable father should ne∣uer be fulfilled nor take effect. Item, if the said place which is the chiefe fortresse and most necessarie place within all the Cittie, for the tuition and safegarde of the same, should be letten to farme out of the handes of the chiefe heades of the same Citie, and especially to an other bodie politique, it might at length by likelihood bee oc∣casion of discord, and debate betwéene the saide bodies politique, which God defend.

For these and many other great and resonable causes, which hereafter shalbe shewed to this honourable Court, your said besée∣chers think it much necessary, that the said Hall be stil in the hands of this cittie, and to be surely kept by sadde and discréet officers in such wise, that it may alway be ready to be vsed and occupyed for the common weale of the said Citie, when need shal require, and in no wise to bee letten to any bodie politique. Thus much for the petition.

About the yeare 1534. great meanes was made about the Leaden Hall* 1.475 to haue the same made a Burse for the assemblie of marchants, as they had béene accustomed in Lombard stréet, ma∣ny common counselles, were called to that ende, but in the yeare 1535. Iohn Champnais being Mayor, it was fully concluded that the Burse should remaine in Lombard stréete, as afore: and

Leaden Hall no more to be spoken of concerning this matter.

The vse of Leaden Hall in my youth was thus: In a part of the North quadrant on the East side of the North gate, was the common beames for weighing of wooll, and other wares, as had béene accustomed: on the west side the gate was the scales to way meale: the other thrée sides were reserued for the most part to the making and resting of the pageants shewed at midsommer in the watch: the remnant of the sides and quadrantes were imployed for the stowage of wooll sackes, but not closed vp: the lofts aboue were partly vsed by the painters in working for the decking of pa∣geants and other deuises, for beautifying of the watch and watch∣men, the residue of the loftes were letten out to marchantes, the wooll winders and packers therein to wind and pack their wools: And thus much for Leaden Hall may suffice.

Now on the North of Limestréete warde in the high stréet, are diuers faire houses for marchants, and proper tenements for ar∣tificers, with an alley also called Shaft Alley, of the shaft or May∣pole sometime resting ouer the gale thereof, as I haue declared in Aldegate warde. In the yeare 1576 partly at the charges of the parish of S. Andrew, and partly at the charges of the chamber of London, a water pumpe* 1.476 was raised in this high stréet of Lime∣stréete warde, néere vnto Limestréet corner: for the placing of the which pumpe, hauing broken vp the ground, they were forced to digge more then two fadome déepe before they came to any maine ground:* 1.477 where they found a harth made of Britaine (or Romayne) tyle as they call it, euery tile halfe yarde square and about two in∣ches thicke: they found cole lying there also, (for that lying whole will neuer consume) then digging one fadome into the maine they found water sufficient, and set vp the pumpe. Thus much for the high stréete.

In S. Mary streete* 1.478 had ye of old time parish Church of S. Mary the virgine, S. Vrsula, and the 11000.* 1.479 virgines, which Church was commonly called S. Mary at the Axe, of the signe of an Axe, ouer against the East end thereof, or S. Marie Pellipar of a plot of ground lying on the North side thereof, pertayning to the Skinners in London. This parrish about the yeare 1565. was vnited to the parish Church of S. Andrew Vndershaft,

and so was S. Mary at the Axe suppressed, and letten out to bee a warehouse for a Marchant. Also against the North end of this S. Mary stréete was sometime one other parish Church of S. Augu∣stine,* 1.480 called S. Augustine in the wall, for that if stood adioyning to the wall of the Citie: and otherwise called S. Augustines Papey, for that about the yeare 1430. in the raigne of Henry the sixt, the same Church was allowed to the brethren of the Papey, the house of poore priestes, whereof I haue spoken in Aldgate warde. The parishioners of this Church were appointed to the parish Church of Alhallowes in the wall, which is in Breadstreet ward, this brotherhood (called Papey) being suppressed, the church of S. Au∣gustine was pulled downe, and in place thereof one Grey a Po∣thecarie builded a stable, and a heyloft: it is now a dwelling house, reseruing the Church yarde for a garden plot. Those two parish Churches both lying in the Warde of Limestréet, being thus sup∣pressed, there is not any one parish church or place for diuine seruice in that warde, but the inhabitants thereof repayre to Churches, out of their Ward, namely to S. Peter vpon Cornehill in Corne∣hill warde, S. Andrew in Aldegate warde, Alhallowes in the wall in Breadstréete warde, and some to S. Denis in Langborne warde. Now because of late there hath beene some question, to what ward this Church or chappel of S. Augustine Papie should of right belong, for the same hath béen challenged by them of Ald∣gate warde, and without reason taken into Bishopsgate warde, from Limestréete warde, I am somewhat to touch it. About 30. yeares since the chamber of London granted a lease of ground (in these words) lying néere London wall in the ward of Limestréet,* 1.481 from the West of the said church or chappell of S. Augustine, Pa∣pey, towardes Bishopsgate &c. On the which plat of grounde the lease, builded thrée faire tenements, and placed tennantes there: these were charged to beare scot and lot, and some of them to beare office in Limestréete warde: all which they willingly did without grudging. And when any suspected or disordered persons were by the Landlord placed there, the officers of Limestréete warde fetch∣ed them out of their houses, committed them to the warde, procu∣red their due punishments, and banished them from thence: where∣by in short time that place was reformed & brought into good or∣der:

which thing being noted by them of Aldegate Warde, they moued their Alderman Sir Thomas Offley to call in those hou∣ses to be of his warde: but I my selfe shewing a faire ledgier booke sometime pertaining to the late dissolued Priorie of the holy Tri∣nitie within Aldegate, wherein were set downe the iust bounds of Aldegate ward, before Sir Thomas Offley, Sir Rowland Hey∣ward, the common counsell and Wardemote inquest of the saide Limestréete ward, Sir Thomas Offley gaue ouer his challenge: and so that matter rested in good quiet, vntill the yeare 1579. that Sir Rychard Pype being Mayor, and Alderman of Bishopsgate warde* 1.482 challenged those houses, to be of his Warde, whereunto (without reason shewed) Sir Rowland Heyward yeelded: and thus is that side of the stréete from the North corner of S. Mary stréete, almost to Bishopsgate, (wherein is one plot of ground let∣ten by the Chamberlaine of London to the parish of S. Martins Oto••wich,* 1.483 to be a churchyard, or burying place for the dead of that parish &c.) vniustly drawne from the warde of Limestreet. Di∣uers other proofes I could set downe, but this one following may suffice. The Mayor and Aldermen of London made a graunt to the fraternitie of Papie, in these wordes: Bee it remembred that where now of late the mayster and wardens of the fraterni∣tie of the Papie haue made a bricke wall, closing in the chappell of Saint Augustine called Papie Chappell, scituate in the parish of All-saintes in the wall, in the Warde of Limestreet of the citie of London: from the southeast corner of the which bricke wall, is a scutcheon of xxi.foote of assise from the said corner East∣ward. And from the same scuncheon there to a messuage of 55. foot & a halfe westward, the said scuncheon breaketh out of line right southward betwixt the measures aforesaid, iij, foot, and fiue inches of assise, vpon the commō ground of the citie aforesaid, Raph Ver∣ney Mayor, & the Aldermen of the same cittie the xxij.day of Oc∣tober, the sixt yeare of Edward the fourth graunted to Iohn Hod priest, mayster Iohn Bolt & Thomas Pachet priestes, wardens of the fraternity of Papie aforesaid, and to their successors for euer, &c. yeelding iiij.••.sterling yearely at Michelmas, and this is (saith my booke) inrolled in the Guildhall in London: which is a suffi∣cient proofe the same plotte of ground to be of Limestréet ward.

On the south side of this streete stretching west from S. Mary street, towardes Bishopsgate street, there was of olde time one large messuage builded of stone and timber,* 1.484 in the parish of S. Au∣gustine, in the wall, now in the parish of Alhallowes in the same wall, belonging to the Earle of Oxford, for Richard de Vere Earle of Oxford possessed it in the 4. of Henry the fift, but in pro∣cesse of time the lands of the Earle fell to females, amongst the which one being married to VVingfield of Suffolke: this house with the apurtenances fell to his lot, and was by his heire Sir Robert Wingfield sold to M. Edward Cooke, at this time the Queenes Atturney generall. This house being greatly ruinated of late time, for the most part hath beene letten out to Powlters, for stabling of horses and stowage of poultrie. One note more of this warde, and so an end. I find of record, that in the yeare 1371 the 45. of Edward the thirde, a great subsidie of 100000.* 1.485 ••. was granted towards the Kings wars in Fraunce, whereof the clear∣gie paid 50000. ••. and the layitie 50000. ••. to bee leuied in 39. shires, of England, contayning parishes 8600. of euery parrish 5. ••.xvj.••.the greater to helpe the lesser: this Citie (as one of the shires) then contayning 24. wardes, and in them 110. pa∣rishes, was therefore assessed to 635. ••. 12. ••. whereof Limestréet ward did beare 34. shillings and no more: so small a warde it was and so accompted, as hauing no one whole parrish therein, but small portions onely, of two parishes in that warde. This ward hath an Alderman, his deputie, common counsailors 4. Consta∣bles 4. Scauengers 2. Wardemote inquest 16. and a Beadle, and is taxed to the fifteene at 40. shillings, or thereabout.

Bishopsgate warde.

THe next is Bishopsgate Warde,* 1.486 whereof a part is without the gate, and of the suburbes from the barres, by S. Mary Spittle, to Bishopsgate, and a part of Hounds ditch, almost halfe thereof, also without the wall is of the same Warde. Then within the gate is Bishopsgate stréete, so

called of the gate, to a Pumpe where sometime was a fayre well with two buckets by the East end of the parish church of Saint Martine Otoswich, and then winding by the West co••ner of Leaden Hall, downe Grasse streete to the corner ouer against Grasse Church, and this is the boundes of that ward.

Monumentes there most to bee noted, are these: the parish Church of S. Buttolph without Bishopsgate* 1.487 in a faire Church∣yarde, adioyning to the Towne ditch vpon the very banke there∣of, but of old time inclosed with a comely wall of bricke, lately re∣payred by Sir William Allen Mayor, in the yeare 1571. be∣cause he was borne in that parish, where also he was buried.

Now without this Churchyard wall is a causeway leading to a quadrant, called Petie Fraunce,* 1.488 of Frenchmen dwelling there, and to other dwelling houses, lately builded on the banke of the saide ditch by some citizens of London, that more regarded their owne priuate gaine, then the common good of the Citie: for by meanes of this causeway raised on the banke, and soylage of houses, with other filthines cast into the ditch, the same is nowe forced to a narrow channell, and almost filled vp with vnsauorie things, to the daunger of impoysoning the whole citie.

Next vnto the parish church of S. Buttolph, is a fayre Inne for receipt of trauellers: then an Hospitall* 1.489 of S. Mary of Beche∣lem, founded by Simon Fitz Mary one of the Sheriffes of Lon∣don, in the yeare 1246. he founded it to haue beene a Priorse of Cannons with brethren and sisters, and king Edward the thirde granted a protection, which I haue seene for the brethren, Miliciae beatae Mariae de Bethlem, within the citie of London, the 14. yeare of his raigne. It was an Hospitall for distracted people: the Mayor and communaltie purchased the patronage thereof with al the lands and tenements thereuuto belonging, in the yeare 1546 the same yeare King Henry the eight gaue the Hospitall thereof vnto the citie: the Church and chappell whereof were ta∣ken downe in the raigne of Quéene Elizabeth, and houses builded there, by the Gouernors of Christes Hospitall in London. In this place people that be distraight in wits, are by the suite of their friendes receyued and kept as afore it was vsed, but not without charges to their bringers in. In the yere 1569. Sir Thomas Roe

Merchant Taylor Mayor, caused to bee inclosed with a wall of bricke, about one acre of ground, being part of the said Hospitall of Bethelem, to wit, on the west, on the bancke of déepe ditch, so called, parting the said hospitall of Bethlem from the More field: this be did for burial,* 1.490 in ease of such parishes in London as wan∣ted ground, conuenient within their parishes. The Ladie his wife was there buried (by whose persuasion he inclosed it) but himselfe borne in London was buried in the parish church of Hackney.

From this Hospitall Northward vpon the stréetes side many houses haue beene builded with alleyes backeward, of late time too much pestered with people (a great cause of infection) vp to the barres.

The other side of this high street from Bishopsgate, & Hounds ditch: the first building is a large Inne for receipt of trauellers, then a faire house of late builded by the Lord Iohn Powlet.* 1.491 Next to that a farre more large and beautifull house with gardens of pleasure, bowling alleyes, and such like, builded by Iasper Fisher free of the Goldsmithes, late one of the sixe Clearkes of the Chauncery, and a Iustice of peace. It hath since for a time beene the Earle of Oxfords place. The Quéenes Maiestie Elizabeth hath lodged there. It now belongeth to M. Cornewallos. This house being so largely and sumptuously builded by a man of no greater calling or possessions, was mockingly called Fishers Fol∣ly, and a Rithme was made of it, and other the like in this man∣ner; Kirkebies Castle, and Fishers Folly, Spinilas Pleasure, and Megses glorie, and so of other such like buildinges about the Citie. From Fishers Folly vp to the West end of Hogge Lane, which commeth from the barres without Aldegate, as is afore shewed, is a continuall building of tenements, with alleyes of cot∣tages, pestered, &c. Then is there a large close, called Tasell close,* 1.492 sometime for that there were Tassels planted for the vse of Cloth∣wor••ers: since letten to the Crossebow makers, wherein they vsed to shoote for games at the Popingey: now the same being in∣closed with a bricke wall, serueth to be an Artillerie yarde,* 1.493 where∣vnto the Gunners of the Tower doe weekely repaire, namely e∣uery thurseday, and there leuelling certaine Brasse peeces of great Artillerie against a butte of earth, made for that purpose, they dis∣charge

them for their exercise.

Then haue ye the late dissolued Priorie and hospital of our bles∣sed Ladie commonly called S. Mary Spittle,* 1.494 founded for Canons regular, by a citizen of London named VValter Brune, & Rosya his wife, in the yere 1235. This Hospital was at the suppression valued so dispend 478. pound, &c. Where besides the ornamentes of the Church, and goods pertayning to the Hospitall, there was found standing one hundreth and fourescore beddes, well furnished for receipt of the poore of charitie: for it was an Hospitall of greate reliefe. There lycth buried Sir Henry Plesington Knight, 1452.

In place of this Hospital, and neere adioyning, are now many faire houses builded, for receipt and lodging of worshipfull and honorable persons. Apart of the large churchyard pertaining to this Hospitall, and seuered from the rest with a bricke wall,* 1.495 yet remayneth, (as of old time) with a pulpet crosse therein, some∣what like to that in Paules churchyard: and against the said pulpit on the south side, before the chernell and chappell of S. Edmonde the Bishop: and Mary Magdalen remaineth also one fayre buil∣ded house of two stories in height for the Mayor and other hono∣rable persons, with the Aldermen and Sheriffes to sit in, there to heare the Sermons preached vpon Easter holy dayes. In the loft ouer them, the Ladies and Aldermens wiues doe stand at a fayre window or sit at their pleasure. And here it is to be noted, that time out of minde, it hath bin a laudable custome that on good fri∣day in the after noone some especial learned man by appoyntmēt of y^• prelats doth preach a sermon at Paules crosse, treating of Christs passion. And vpon the three next Easter holidayes, Monday, Tuesday, and Wednesday, the like learned men by the like ap∣pointment doe vse to preach on the fore noon at the said Spittle, to perswad the articles of Christs resurrection, and then on low Sō∣day before noon one other learned man at Paules crosse is to make rehersall of those fowre former sermons, either commen∣ding or reprouing them, as to him by iudgment of the lerned di∣uines is thought conuenient: And that done he is to make a ser∣mon of himselfe, which in all were fiue Sermons in one. At these Sermons so seuerally preached, the Maior with his Brethren, the

Aldermen are accustomed to be present in their Uiolets at Paules, on Good Friday, and in their Scarlets, both they and their wiues, at the Spittle in the Holy daies (except Wednesday in Uiolet) and the Maior with his Brethren, on Low Sunday in Scarlet, at Paules Crosse. Touching the antiquitie of this custome, I finde none other, then that in the yeare, 1398. the 22. of Richard the second: that the king hauing procured from Rome, confirma∣tion of such statutes, and ordinances, as were made in the Parli∣ament, (begunne at Westminster, and ended at Shreusbery, he caused the same confirmation to be read and pronounced at Pauls Crosse, and at S. Marie Spittle in the Sermons before all the people: Philip Malpas one of the Sheriffes in the yere 1439. the 18. of Henry the sixt, gaue twentie shillinges by yeare to the three Preachers at the Spittle. Stephen Fo••••••ar Maior, in the yeare 1454. gaue fortie pound to the Preachers at Paules Crosse and Spittle.* 1.496 I finde also that the aforesaide house, wherein the Maior and Aldermen do sit at the Spittle, was builded for that purpose, of the goodes, and by the Executors of Richard Rawson Alderman and Isabell his wife, in the yere 1488. In the yere 1594. this Pulpit being old, was taken downe, and a new set vp: and the Preachers face turned towardes the south, which was before towardes the west, also a large house on the east side of the saide Pulpit, was then builded for the gouernors and chil∣dren of Christes Hospitall to sit in: and this was done of the goodes of William Elkens Alderman, late deceased, but within the first yere, the same house decaying, and like to haue fallen, was againe with great cost repayred at the Cities charge. On the east side of this Churchyarde lieth a large fielde of old time called Lolesworth, now Spittle fielde: which aboute the yeare 1576. was broken vp for clay to make bricke, in the digging whereof many earthen pottes called Vrnae, were found full of ashes, and of brent bones of men, to wit of the Romaines that inhabited here: for it was the custome of the Romaines to bren their dead, to put their ashes in an vrna, and then to bury the same, with certaine ceremonies in some field appointed for that purpose, neare vnto their Citie: euery of these pots had in them with the ashes of the dead, one peece of Copper money, with the inscription of the Em∣perour,

then raigning: some of them were of Claudius, some of Vespasian, some of Nero, of Anthonius Pius, of Troianus: and others besides those vrnas, many other pots were there founde, made of a white earth with long nockes, and handles, like to our stone Iugges: these were emptie, but seemed to bee buried full of some liquid matter long since consumed and soaked through: for there were found diuers vials and other fashioned glasses, some most cunningly wrought, such as I haue not seene the like, and some of Christall, all which had water in them, nothing differing in clearenes, tast, or sauour from common spring water: some of these glasses had oyle in them very thicke, and earthie in sauour, some were supposed to haue balm in them, but had lost the vertue: many of those pots and glasses were broken in cutting of the clay: so that few were taken vp whole: there were also found diuers di∣shes and cups of a fine red colored earth, which shewed outwardly such a shining smothnesse, as if they had beene of curral, those had in the bottomes Romaine letters printed, there were also lampes of white earth artificially wrought with diuers antiques aboute them, some three or foure Images, made of white earth, aboute a span long, each of them: one I remember was of Pallas, the rest I haue forgotten, I my selfe haue reserued amongst diuers of those antiquities there found, one pot of white earth very small, not ex∣ceeding the quantitie of a quarter of a wine pint, made in shape of a Hare, squatted vpon her legs, and betweene her eares is the mouth of the pot: there hath also beene found in the same fielde* 1.497 diuers coffins of stone, contayning the bones of men: these I sup∣pose to be the burials of some especiall persons, in time of the Bri∣tons, or Saxons, after that the Romaines had left to gouern here: moreouer there were also found the sculs and bones of men with∣out coffins, or rather whose coffines (being of great timber) were consumed: diuers great nailes of iron were there found, such as are vsed in the wheeles of sh••d cartes, being each of them as bigge as a mans finger, and a quarter of a yeard long, the heades two inches ouer, those nayles* 1.498 were more wondred at then the rest of thinges there found, and many opinions of men were vtte∣red of them, namely that the men there buried were murdered by driuing those nayles into their heads, a thing vnlikelie, for a smaler

naile would more aptly serue to so bad a purpose, and a more se∣crete place would lightly be imployed for their buriall. But to set downe what I haue obserued, concerning this matter, I there be∣helde the bones of a man lying as I noted, the heade North, the feete South, and round about him, as thwart his head along both his sides, & thwart his feete, such nayles were found, wherefore I coniectured them to bee the nayles of his Coffin, which had béene a trough cut out of some great tree, and the same couered with a planke, of a greate thicknesse, fastened with such nayles: and therefore I caused some of the nayles to be reached vp to me, and found vnder the broade heads of them, the old wood, skant turned into dust or earth, but still retayning both the grane, and the pro∣per colour, of these nayles with the wood vnder the head thereof, I reserued one as also the nether iaw bone of the man, the teeth being very greate•• sound and fast fixed, which (amongst other ma∣ny monumentes there found) I haue yet to shew: but the nayle ly∣ing drie is now by skaling greatly wasted. And thus much for this part of Bishopsgate warde without the gate: for I haue in another place spoken of the gate, & therefore I am now to speake of that other part of this warde, which lyeth within the gate.

And first to begin on the left hand of Bishopsgate streete, from the gate yee haue certaine Tenementes of olde time pertayning to a Brotherhood of S. Nicholas, granted to the parish Clarkes of London, for two Chaplens to be kept in the Chapple of S. Ma∣ry Magdalen neare vnto the Guilde hall of London, in the 27. of Henry the sixt, the first of these houses towardes the North & against the wall of the Citie, was sometime a large Inne or court called the Wrastlers (of such a signe) and the last in the high stréet towardes the South, was sometime also a fayre Inne called the Angell of such a signe: amongst these saide Tenementes was on the same streete side a fayre Entry or Court to the common hall of the saide parish Clarkes,* 1.499 with proper Almeshouses seauen in number, adioyning for poore parish Clarkes, and their wiues, their widdowes, such as were in greate yeares not able to labour. One of these by the saide Brotherhoode of parish Clarkes was al∣lowed sixeteene pence the weeke, the other six had each of them nine pence the weeke, according to the pattent thereof graunted.

This Brotherhoode amongst other being suppressed. In the raigne of Edward the sixt, the saide Hall with the other buildinges there, was giuen to Sir Robert Chester a knight of Cambridge shier, against whome the parish Clarkes commencing suite, in the raigne of Queene Marie, and being like to haue preuailed, the saide Sir Robert Chester pulled downe the hall, sold the Timber, stone, and lead, and thereupon the suite was ended. The Almes∣houses remaine in the Queenes handes, and people are there pla∣ced, such as can make best frendes: some of them taking the pen∣sion appointed, haue let foorth their houses for great rent, giuing occasion to the Parson of the parish to challenge tithes of the poore, &c. Next vnto this is the small parish church of S. Ethol∣burge virgin,* 1.500 and from thence some small distance is a large court called litle S. Hellens: because it pertayned to the Nuns, of S. Hellens,* 1.501 and was their house, there are seauen Almes roomes or houses for the poore, belonging to the company of Lethersellers. Then somewhat more West is an other Court with a winding lane, through which men come out against the west ende of S. Andrewes vndershaft Church. In this court standeth the church of S. Hellens, sometime a Priorie of blacke Nuns and in the same a parish church of S. Hellen,* 1.502 this Priorie long since was founded, before the raigne of Henry the thirde, as I haue found in Recordes. William Basing Deane of Paules, was the first founder, and was there buried, and William Basing one of the Sheriffes of London, in the second yere of Edward the se∣cond was holden also to be a founder, or rather an helper there: this priorie being valued at 314. pound two shillinges six pence was surrendred the 25. of Nouember, the thirtie of Henry the eight, the whole church (the partition betwixt the Nuns church, and pa∣rish church being taken downe) remaineth now to the parish: and is a fayre parish church, but wanteth such a steeple as Sir Tho∣mas Gre••ham promised to haue builded, in recompence of ground in their church filled vp, with his monument. The Nuns hall & other howsing thereunto appertayning, was since purchased by the Company of the Lethersellers,* 1.503 and is their common Hall: which Company was incorporate in the 21. yeare of Richarde the second.

In the Church of S. Hellen, haue yee these monumentes of the dead: Thomas Langton Chaplen buried in the Quire, 1350. Nicholas Marshall, Ironmonger Alderman, 1474. Sir Wil∣liam Sanctlo, and Sir William Sanctlo father and sonne, Sir William Pickering, and Sir VVilliam Pickering father and sonne, Thomas VVilliams Gentleman, 1495. Iohn Lang∣thorpe Esquier, 1510. Ioan Coken wise to Iohn Coken Es∣quier, 1509. Mary Orrell wife to Sir Lewys Orrell Knight. Henry Somer, Katheren his wife, Ioan daughter to Henry Somer, wife to Richarde, sonne and heire to Robert Lord Poy∣inges, died a virgin 1420. VValter Huntington, Esquier, Eli∣zabeth Venner wife to William Venner Grocer, Alderman, one of the Sheriffes, 1401. Robert Rochester Esquier Sargeant of the Pantrie, to Henry the eight. Iohn Swinflet, 1420. Iohn Gower Steward of S. Helens, 1512. Iohn Faukconbridge Esquier, 1545. Hacket Gentleman of the kinges Chappell, Eli∣enor daughter to Sir Thomas Butler, Lord Sudley, Iohn Suthworth, Adam Frances Maior Nicholas Harp••fielde, Es∣quier, Thomas Saunderforde or Somerforde Alderman, Alexander Cheyney, Sir Iohn Crosbie Alderman, and Anne his wife, George Fastolph, sonne to Hugh Fastolph, Robert Lynd, Sir Andrew Iud Maior, Sir Thomas Gre∣sham Mercer &c.

Then haue yee one greate house called Crosbie place, be∣cause the same was builded by Sir Iohn Crosbie* 1.504 Grocer, and Wolman, in place of certaine Tenements, with their appurte∣nances letten to him by Alice Ashfed Prioresse of S. Hellens, and the Couent for ninety nine yeares, from the yeare 1466. vn∣to the yere 1565. for the annuall rent of eleuen pound six shillings eight pence: this house he builded of stone and timber, very large and beutifull, and the highest at that time in London: he was one of the Sheriffes, and an Alderman in the yeare 1470. knighted by Edwarde the fourth, in the yeare 1471. and deceased in the yeare 1475. so short a time enioyed hee that his large and sump••uous building, hee was buried in S. Hellens, the parish church, a fayre monument of him and his Lady, is raysed there: hee gaue towardes the reforming of that church fiue hundred

markes, which was bestowed with the better, as appeareth by his Armes, both in the stone worke, roose of Timber, and glasing. I holde it a fable saide of him, to be named Crosby, of being found by a crosse, for I haue read of other to haue that name of Crosby, before him, namely in the yeare 1406. the seuenth of Henry the fourth, the saide king gaue to his seruant Iohn Crosby the wardship of Ioan daughter, and sole heire to Iohn Iordaine Fishmonger, &c. This Crosbie might be the Father or Grand∣father to Sir Iohn Crosbie.

Richarde Duke of Glocester, and Lorde Protector, after∣warde king by the name of Richarde the thirde, was lodged in this house: since the which time among other, Anthonie Bonuice a rich marchant of Italy, dwelled there, after him Ierome Se∣rall, then William Bond Alderman, increased this house with building of a Turret on the top thereof: he deceased in the yeare, 1567. and was buried in S. Helens church: diuers Ambassa∣dors haue beene lodged there: namely in the yeare 1586. Henry Ramelius Chancelor of Germany, Ambassador vnto the Queens Maiestie of Englande from Fredericke the second of Denmark: an Ambassador of France, &c. Sir Iohn Spencer Alderman lately purchased this house, made great reparations, kept his Maioralty there, and since builded a most large ware-house neare thereunto.

From this Crosbie place vp to Leaden hall corner, and so downe Grassestreete, amongst other Tenementes, are diuers fayre and large builded houses for Marchantes and such like. Now for the other side of this warde, namely the right hand, hard by within the gate is onefayre water Conduite,* 1.505 which Thomas Knesworth Maior, in the yeare 1505. founded, hee gaue 60.l. the rest was furnished at the common charges of the citie: this conduite hath since beene taken downe, and new builded. Da∣uid Wodrooffe Alderman gaue twenty poundes towardes the conuayance of more water thereunto. From this conduite haue ye amongst many fayre Tenementes, diuers fayre Innes, large for receipt of trauellers and some houses for men of worship, namely one most spatious of all other there aboute, builded of bricke and timber, by Sir Thomas Gresham,* 1.506 knight, who deceased in the yeare 1579. and was buried in S. Hellens church, vnder a fayre

monument, by him, prepared in his life hée appointed by his Te∣stament, this house to be made a Colledge, as before is saide of Readers.

Somewhat west from this house is one other very fayre house, wherein Sir William Hollies, kept his Maioralty, and was bu∣ried in the parish church of S. Helen: Sir Andrew Iud••* 1.507 also kept his Maioralty there, and was buried at S. Hellens: hee buil∣ded Almsehouses for six poore Almespeople neare to the saide par∣rish church, and gaue lands to the Skinners, out of the which they are to giue 4. shillinges euery weeke to the six poore Almespeople eight pence the peece, and fiue and twentie shillinges foure pence, the yeare in coales amongst them for euer.

Then in the very west corner ouer against the East end of S. Martins Otswitch, church (from whence the streete windeth to∣wardes the South) you had of olde time a fayre well with two buckets so fastened, that the drawing vp of the one, let downe the other, but now of late that weil is turned into a Pumpe.

From this to the corner ouer against the Leaden hall, and so downe Grasse streete, are many fayre houses for marchantes, and artificers, and many fayre Innes for Trauellers euen to the corner where that ward endeth, ouer against Grasse church: and thus much for this Bishopsgate warde shall suffice, which hath an Alderman, two Deputies, one without the gate another within, common Counsellors six, Constables seauen, Scauengers sea∣uen, for Wardmote inquest thirteene, and a Beadle: it is tax∣ed to the fifeteene at xxij.••.in London, and in the Exchequer xxi.••.x.••.

Brodestreete warde.

THe next is Brodestreete warde,* 1.508 which begin∣neth within Bishopsgate, from the water con∣duite westward on both the sides of the streete, by Alhallowes Church to an iron grate on the Channell, which runneth into the watercourse of Walbrooke before ye come to the Posterne called Moregate: and this is the farthest west part of that Warde.

Then haue yée Brodestreete, whereof the warde taketh name, which stretcheth out of the former streete, from the East corner of Alhallowes churchyard, somewhat South to the parish church of S. Peter the Poore on both sides, and then by the southgate of the Augustine Fryars west, downe Throkmorton street by the Drapers hall, into Lothburie, to another grate of iron ouer the channell there, whereby the water runneth into the course of Walbroke, certaine postes of timber are there set vp: and this is also the farthest West part of this ward, in the said street. Out of the which street runneth vp Barthlemew lane south to the north side of the Exchange, then more East out of the former stréet from ouer against the Fryers Augustines church south gate, runneth vp another parte of Brodestréet, south to a Pumpe ouer against S. Bennets church. Then haue ye one other stréete called Thrée néedle stréete,* 1.509 beginning at the well with two buckets, by Saint Martins Otoswich church wall. This streete runneth downe on both sides to Finkes lane, and halfe way vp that lane to a gate of a marchants house on the West side, but not so farre on the East, then the foresaid stréete, from this Finkes lane runneth downe by the Royall Exchange to the Stockes, and to a place formerly cal∣led Scalding house, or Scalding wicke, but now Scalding Alley, by the West side whereof vnder the parish church of S. Mildred runneth the course of Walbrooke: and these be the bounds of this warde. Speciall Monuments therein are these: First the parish church of Alhallowes in the wall,* 1.510 so called of standing close to the wall of the cittie, in which haue béene buried Thomas Durrem Esquire, and Margaret his wife. On the other side of that street, amongst many proper houses possessed for the most parte by Cur∣ryers is the Carpenters hall:* 1.511 which company was incorporated in the 17. yeare of King Edward the fourth.

Then East from the Curriers row,* 1.512 is a long and high wall of stone inclosing the North side of a large garden adioyning to as large an house, builded in the raigne of King Henry the eight, and of Edward the sixt, by Sir VVilliam Powlet, the Lord Trea∣surer of England: through this garden which of old time consi∣sted of diuers parts, now vnited, was sometimes a faire foote way,* 1.513 leading by the west end of the Augustine Fryers church straight North, and opened somewhat West from Alhallowes church a∣gainst

London wall towardes Moregate: which foote way had gates at eyther end locked vp euery night: but now the same be∣ing taken into those gardens, the gates are closed vp with stone, whereby the people are forced to goe about by S. Peters church, and the East end of the said Friers Church, and all the said great place and garden of Sir VVilliam Powlet* 1.514 to London wall, and so to Moregate. This great house adioyning to the garden a∣foresaid, stretcheth to the North corner of Brodestréete, and then ••urneth vp Brodestréete all that side to the East ende of the saide Fryers church. It was builded by the saide Lord Treasurer, in place of Augustine Fryers house, cloyster, and gardens &c. The Fryers church hee pulled not downe, but the west ende thereof in∣closed from the stéeple, and quire is letten to the Dutch nation in London to bee their preaching place: the other parte, namely, the stéeple, quire and side yles hee reserued to housholde vses: as for stowage of corne, cole and other things, his sonne and heyre the Marquis of Winchester, sold the Monumentes of noble men there buried in great number, the pauing stone, and whatsoeuer (which cost many thousands) for one hundred pound, and in place thereof made fayre stabling for horses, he caused the lead to bee ta∣ken off the roofes of the church, and laid tyle in place thereof, which exchange of leade for tyle, proued not so profitable as he looked for, but rather to his disaduantage.

On the East side of this Brodestreete, which is the backe part of Gresham house* 1.515 in Bishopsgate streete, bee placed eight proper Almes houses, builded of bricke and timber, by Sir Thomas Gresham Knight, for eight almes men there placed rent free, and receiue each of them by his gift vj.pound, xiij.shillings, iiij.pence, yearely for euer.

Next vnto Pawlet house, is the parish church of S. Peter the Poore, so called for a difference from other of that name, sometime peraduenture a poore parish, but at this present there bee many faire houses, possessed by rich marchants and other, buried in this church: Richard Fitz Williams marchant Taylor 1520. Sir William Roch Mayor, 1540. Martin Calthrope Mayor•• 1588.

Then next haue ye the Augustine Fryers Church* 1.516 aforesaide, a large thing hauing a most fine spired steeple, small, high, and streight, I haue not s••ene the like: this Church was founded by

Humfrey Bohum Earle of Hereforde and Essex, in the yeare 1253. Reginald Cobham gaue his messuage in London to the enlarging thereof, in the yeare 1344. Humfrey Bohum Earle of Hereford and Essex reedified this Church in the yeare 1354. whose bodie was there buried in the quire. The small spired stee∣ple of this church was ouerthrowne by tempest of winde, in the yeare 1362. but was raysed of newe as now it standeth, to the beautifying of the city: This house was valued at 57. pound &c. and was surrendered the 12. of Nouember, the 30. of Henry the eight.

There lye buried in this Friers church (amongst others) Ed∣mond first sonne to Ioane mother to king Richard the seconde, Guy de Maricke Earle of S. Paule, Dame Ide, wife to Sir Thomas West, Dame Margaret West, Stephen Lindericle Esquire, Sir Humfrey Bohum Earle of Hereford and Essex, Lord of Pembrooke, Richard the great Earle of Arundell, Sur∣rey, and Warren beheaded, 1397. Sir Edward Arundell, and Dame Elizabeth his wife, Sir Frauncis Courtney, Earle of Pembroke, which married Alice sister to the Earle of Oxford: Dame Lucie Knowles of Kent, Sir Peter Grinfers of France, the Lord Vere Earle of Oxford, Ambrose de Vere, son to the Earle of Oxforde, Sir Thomas Tadnam Knight, William Bourser, Lord Fitz Warren, Sir Thomas de la Lande Knight, Dame Ioane Noris the Ladie of Bedforde, Anne daughter to Iohn Vicount Welles, Walter Neuel Esquire, Sir Iohn Man∣ners Knight•• the wife of Sir Dauid Cradocke knight, the mo∣ther to the Lord Spencers wife, Sir Bartlemew Dadlegate, Iohn sonne to Sir Iohn Wingfield, Sir Walter Mewes, Ro∣bert ne Wenton Esquire, Philip Spencer sonne to Sir Hugh Spencer, Dame Isabell daughter to Sir Hugh. In the bodie of the church, Dame Iulian wife to Sir Richarde Lacie, Sir Thomas Courtney sonne to the Earle of Deuonshire, and by him his sister, wedded to Cheuerstone, the daughter of the Lord Beamont, two sonnes of Sir Thomas Morley, to wit William and Ralph, Sir William Talmage Knight, Nicholas Blondell Esquire, Sir Richard Chamberlaine Esquire, Iohn Halton gentleman, Sir Iohn Gifford Knight, Thomas Manningham Esquire, Sir William Kenude Knight, Sir William sonne to

Sir Thomas Terell, Iohn Surell gentleman. In the east wing Margaret Barentin gentlewoman, Iohn Spicer Esquire, and Letis his wife, Iohn le Percers Esquire, Roger Chibary Es∣quire, Peter Morens Esquire, Thomas sonne to Sir William Beckland. Iames Cuthing Esquire, Iohn Chornet Esquire, William Kenley Esquire, Margery wife to Thomas Bande & daughter to Iohn Huch, the Lord Mawris of Barkeley, & Earle of Nothingham, and Dame Ioane his wife. In the west wing Sir Iohn Terrell, and Dame Katherine his wife, Sir Walter of Powle Knight, Sir Iohn Blanckwell and his wife, Dame Iane Sayne, daughter to Sir Iohn Lee, Sir Iohn Dawbeny, sonne and heyre to Sir Giles Dawbeny, William sonne to Sir Roger Scroope, Dame Ioane Dawbeny wife to Sir William Daw∣beny, Thomas Charles Esquire, Sir Iohn Dawbeny knight, and his sonne Robert, Sir Iames Bell Knight, Sir Oliuer Man∣ny Knight, Henry Desky Esquire, Sir Diones Mordaske Knight, Sir Bernard Rolingcort, Sir Peter Kayor knights, Sir William Tirell knight, Sir William his brother, William Col∣lingborne Esquire beheaded 1484. Sir Roger Clifford knight, Sir Thomas Coke Mayor in the yeare 1462. William Edward Mayor 1471. Sir Iohn Dawtry Knight 1519. Dame Marga∣ret Rade 1510.

On the south side and at the West ende of this Church many fayre houses are builded, namely in Throgmorton street,* 1.517 one ve∣rie large and spacious, builded in the place of olde and small tene∣ments, by Thomas Cromwel mayster of the kings Iewel house, after that Mayster of the Rolles, then Lorde Cromwell* 1.518 Knight Lord priuie seale, Uicker Generall, Earle of Essex, high Cham∣berlaine of England &c. This house being finished, and ha∣uing some reasonable plot of ground left for a garden, he caused the pales of the gardens adioyning to the north part thereof on a sodaine to be taken downe 22. foote to be measured forth right in∣to the north of euery mans ground, a line there to be drawne, a trench to be cast, a foundation laid, and a high bricke wall to be builded: my father had a garden there, he had also an house stan∣ding close to his wall, this house they loosed from the ground, and carried on rowlers into my fathers garden, 22. foote ere my father

heard thereof, no warning was giuen him, nor other aunswere when he heard thereof, and spake to the surueighers of that wirke, but that their mayster, Sir Thomas commanded them so to doe, no man durst go to argue the matter, but each man lost his land: and so much of mine owne knowledge haue I thought good to note, that the sodaine rising of some men, causeth them in some matters to forget themselues. The company of the Drapers* 1.519 in London bought this house, and now the same is their common hall, this company obtained of king Henry the sixt, in the 17. of his raign to be incorporate. Iohn Gidney was chosen to be their first M. & the 4. wardens were, I. Wotton, I. Darbie, Robert Breton, & T. Cooke. The armes* 1.520 granted to the said companie by Sir William Bridges Knight, first Gartier, or principall King at Armes of England in Blason are thus: Thrée sun beames issuing out of three clowds of flame, crowned with thrée crownes imperi∣als of gold, vpon a shield Azure. From this hall on the same side downe to the grates and course of Walbrooke haue ye diuers faire houses for marchants and other, from the which grates, backe a∣gaine on the other side in Lethbury* 1.521 (so called in record of Edward the third. the 38. yeare, (and now corruptly called Lothbury) are candlesticke founders placed, till ye come to Bartholemew lane,* 1.522 so called of S. Bartholmews church, at the southeast corner there∣of. In this lane also are diuers fayre builded houses on both sides, and so likewise haue ye in the other stréete, which stretcheth from the Friers Augustins South gate, to the corner ouer against S. Bennets church. In this stréet amongst other fayre buildings the most ancient was of old time an house pertayning to the Abbot* 1.523 of S. Albons, Iohn Catcher Alderman now dwelleth there: then is there a large Frée schoole* 1.524 pertayning to the late dissolued Hospitall of S. Anthony: in this schoole hath béene many good schollers trai∣ned vp Now in thrée néedle stréet, on the south part therof, the first monument at y^• east end by the wel with 2. buckets or pump is the parish Church of S. Martin,* 1.525 called Oteswich, of William Otes∣wich, and Iohn Otoswich his sonne new founders thereof. There be monuments in this Church, of William Constantine Alder∣man, and Emme his wife. Katherine wife to Benedick Augu∣stine, Sir William Drifield knight, Iohn Oteswich and his

wife, vnder a fayre monument on the south side, Iohn Churchman one of the Sheriffes in the yeare 1385. Richard Naylor Taylor Alderman 1483. Iames Falleron, Iohn Melchborne, Thomas Hey and Ellis his wife, William Clitherow and Margaret his wife, Oliuer and William sonnes to Iohn Woodrofe Esquire, Hugh Pemberton Taylor Alderman, 1500. and Katherine his wife, Mathew Pemberton Merchant Taylor about 1514. hee gaue 50. pound to the repayring of S. Laurence Chappell. The aforesaid Iohn Churchman for William and Iohn Oteswich by licence of Henry the fourth, the 6. of his raigne gaue the aduow∣son or patronage of this church, foure messuages & 17. shops with the appurtenances in the parish of S. Martins Oteswich &c. to the maister and Wardens of Taylors and linnen armourers, kée∣pers of the Gwild, and fraternitie of S. Iohn Baptist in London, and to their successors in perpetuall almes, to be imployed on the poore brethren and sisters: whereupon (adioyning vnto the West end of this parish church) the said maister & wardens builded about a proper quadrant or squared court, seuen almes houses,* 1.526 where∣in they placed seuen almes men, of that company, and their wiues (if they had wiues) each of these 7. of old time had xiiij.••.the wéeke, but now of later time their stipend by the said mayster and War∣dens hath béene augmented to the summe of xxvj.••.the quarter, which is v.pound iiij.••.the yeare to each of them besides coales, more to each of them xx••.the yeare by gift of Walter Fish some∣time mayster of that company and Taylor to her Maiestie.

Some smal distance from thence is the Merchant Taylors hal,* 1.527 pertayning to the Guilde and fraternitie of S. Iohn Baptist, time out of mind, called of Taylors,* 1.528 and linnen armourers of London, for I find that King Edward the first in the 28. of his raygne con∣firmed this Guild by the name of Tailors and linnen armourers: and also gaue to the brethren thereof authoritie euery yeare at midsommer to hold a feast,* 1.529 and to choose vnto them a gouernour, or mayster with Wardens: wherevpon the same yeare 1300. on the feast day of the natiuitie of Saynt Iohn Baptist, they chose Henry de Ryall to be their pilgrim for the mayster of this miste∣rie (as one that trauelled for the whole companie) was then so called vntill the 11. of Richard the second: and the foure war∣dens

were then called purueyors of alms, (now called quarterage) of the said fraternitie. This Marchant Taylors* 1.530 hal sometime per∣taining to a worshipfull gentleman named Edmond Crepin: he in the yeare of Christ 1331. the sixt of Edward the third, for a cer∣taine summe of money to him paid, made his grant thereof by the name of his principall messuage in the wardes of Cornehill, and Brodestréet, which Sir Oliuer Ingham knight did then hold, to Ihon of Yakesley the kings pauilion maker.* 1.531 The 21. of Edward the fourth, Thomas Clarentius principall king of Herraldes, for the south parte of England, granted by his pattentes to the saide fraternitie and guilde of S. Ihon Baptist, of Taylors and linnen armourers,* 1.532 to beare in a field siluer, a pauilion betwéene two man∣tels imperiall, purple, garnished with golde, in a chiefe Azure an holy lambe, set within a sunne, the creast vpon the helme, a paui∣lion purple garnished with gold &c•• After this King Henry the se∣uenth, being himself a brother of this fraternity, or guild of S. Iohn Baptist of Tailors and linnen* 1.533 armourers (as diuers other his pre∣decessors Kinges before him had beene, to wit Rychard the third, Edward the fourth, Henry the sixt, Henry the fift, Henry the fourth, & Richard the second: And for that diuers of that fraterni∣tie had time out of mind, beene great marchants, and had frequen∣ted all sortes of marchandises into most partes of the world, to the honor of the kings realme, and to the great profit of his subiectes, & of his progenitors and the men of the said misterie during the time aforesaid, had exercised the buying and selling of all wares and merchandises, especially of woollen cloth, as well in grosse, as by retayle, throughout all this realme of England, and chiefly with∣in the said citie, therefore he of his especiall grace did change, trans∣ferre and translate the Guilde aforesaid, and did incorporate them into the name of the mayster and wardens of the Marchant Tay∣lors, of the fraternity of S. Iohn Baptist in the citie of London.

Some distance West from this the Marchant Taylors hall, is Finkes lane,* 1.534 so called of Robert Finke, and Robert Finke his sonne, Iames Finke, and Rosamund Finke. Robert Finke the elder new builded the parish Church of Saint Bennet, commonly called Finke of the founder, his tenementes were both of Saint Bennets parish, and S. Martins Otelwich parish: the

one halfe of this Finke lane is of Brodestréete ward. to wit, on the west side vp to the great and principall house, and the same house wherein the said Finke dwelled: but on the other side namely the East not so much towardes Cornehill: then without this lane in the foresaid thrée néedle stréete, is the said parish Church of Saynt Bennet, a proper Church,* 1.535 in which are these monumentes of the deade. Robert Simpson and Elizabeth his wife, Roger Strange Esquire, Trerisse, William Coolby, Iohn Frey, Thomas Bri∣ar Plommer, 1410. &c.

Some distance west is the Royall Exchaunge, whereof more shalbe spoken in the warde of Cornehill, and so downe to the little Conduite, called the pissing Conduit, by the Stockes market, and this is the south side of thrée néedle stréete.

On the North side of this stréet from ouer against the East cor∣ner of S. Martins Oteswich Church, haue ye diuers fayre and large houses till you come to the hospitall* 1.536 of S. Anthony, some∣time a Cell to S. Anthonies of Vienna. For I reade that King Henry the third graunted to the brotherhood of S. Anthony of Vienna, a place amongst the Iewes, which was sometime their Sinagogue,* 1.537 and had béene builded by them about the yeare 1231 but the christians obtayned of the king that it should be dedicated to our blessed Lady, and since an Hospital being there builded, was called S. Anthonies in London: it was founded in the parish of S. Bennet Finke, for a mayster, two priestes, one schoolemayster, and 12. poore men: after this foundation amongst other thinges giuen to this Hospitall, one was a messuage and garden, and one other parcell of ground contained 37. foote in length, and 18. foot in breadth in the parish of ••. Bennet Finke: this was giuen to the Mayster of the Hospitall, to the enlarging of their Church and house to the same belonging, for a maister, fourtéene priests, &c. in the seuenth of Henry the sixt.* 1.538 Moreouer king Henry the sixt, in the twentieth of his raigne gaue vnto Iohn Carpenter Doctor of diuinity, maister of S. Anthonies hospital, and to his brethren and their successors for euer his mannor of Poninghton with the apur∣tenances, with certain pensions & portions of Milborn, Turne∣worth, Charlton, & vp Wimborne, in y^• county of Southhāpton towards y^• maintenance of 5. schollers in the vniuersity of Oxford

to be brought vp in the facultie of artes, after the rate of ten pence the weeke, for euerie Scholler: so that the saide Schollers before their going to Oxforde, bee first instructed in their rudimentes of Grammar, at the Colledge of Eaton, founded by the saide king.

In the yeare 1474. Edward the fourth granted to VVilliam Say, Batcheler of Diuinitie, maister of the Hospitall of S. Antho∣ny, to haue Priests, Clarkes, Schollers, poore men, and Bre∣thren of the same Clarks or Lay men, Queristers, Procters, Mes∣sengers, Seruantes in Houshold, and other things whatsoeuer, the like as the Prior and Couent of S. Anthonies, of Vienna, &c. This Hospitall was annexed, vnited, and appropriated vnto the Colegiate Church of S. George in Windsor, aboute the yeare 1485, (as was reported) by Sir Anthonie Baker (maister of the saide Hospitall,) to Sir Iohn Wolsborne knight, and other com∣missioners in the seauen and thirtith of Henry the eight, since the saide annexing, to wit in the yeare 1499 the foureteenth of Hen∣ry the seuenth, Sir Iohn Tate* 1.539 sometime Ale Bruer, then a Mer∣ser, caused his Brue house called the Swan, neare adioyning to the saide, Frée Chappell, Colledge, or Hospitall, of S. Anthonie, to bée taken down, for the enlarging of the Church, which was then newly builded: toward the building whereof the saide Tate gaue greate sommes of money.

This goodly foundation hauing a free schoole and Almeshouses* 1.540 for poore men (builded of hard stone) adioyning to the west end of the Church, was of olde time confirmed by Henry the sixt in the yeare 1447. The outward worke of this new church was fi∣nished in the yeare 1501. the saide Iohn Tate deceased about the yeare 1514. and was there buried in a monument by him prepa∣red, as appeareth by an indenture tripartite, made betwéene the saide Iohn Tate, the Deane of Windsor, and William Mil∣borne Chamberlaine.

VValter Champion Draper, one of the Sheriffes of Lon∣don, 1529. was buried there, and gaue to the Beademen twen∣tie pound. The lands by yeare of this Hospitall were valued in the seauen and thirtie of Henry the eight to be fifety fiue pound, six shillinges eight pence.

One Iohnson (a Schoolemaister there) became a Prehenda∣rie

of Windsor, and then by little and little followed the spoile of this Hospitall: he first dissolued the Quire, conueyed the plate and ornamentes, then the Bels, and lastlie put out the Almes men* 1.541 from their houses, appointing them portions of twelue pence the weeke to each (but now I heare of no such matter) their hou∣ses with other be now letten out for rent, and the Church is a preaching place for the French nation.

This Schoole house was commanded in the raigne of Henry the sixt, and sithence also aboue other: but now it is decay∣ed, and come to nothing, by taking from it, what thereun∣to belonged. Next is the Parrish Church of Saint Bartilmew* 1.542 at the ende of Bartlemew Lane, Thomas Pike Alderman, with the helpe of Nicholas Yoo, one of the Sheriffes of London, in the yeare 1438. new builded this church, and were there buried: Sir Iohn Frey knight, and Alderban, a Gascoyne, were buried there. Sir William Cappell Maior, 1509. added vnto this Church a proper Chappel on the south side thereof, and was buried there: Sir Giles Chapple, Iames Wilforde. Taylor, one of the Sheriffes, 1499. appointed by his Testament, a Doctor of Diuinity, euery Good Fryday, for euer to preach there, of Christes Passion, from six of the clocke, till 8. before noone, in the said Church: Iohn Wilforde Marchant-Taylor Alderman, 1544. Sir Iames Wilforde, 1550. Sir George Barne Mayor, 1552. &c.

Then lower downe towardes the Stockes market is the par∣rish Church of S. Christopher,* 1.543 but reedified to new: for Richard Shore one of the Sheriffes, 1506. gaue money towardes the building of the steeple. There lye buried Richarde Sherington 1392. who gaue landes to that Church: the Lady Margaret Norforde 1406. Iohn Clauering 1421. who gaue lands there∣vnto: Iohn Gidney Maior, 1427. William Hampton Maior, 1472. was a great benefactor, and glased some of the Church windowes•• Sir William Martin Maior 1492. Roger Achley Maior, 1511. Robert Thorne Marchant Taylor, 1532. hee gaue by his Testament in Charity more then foure thousand four hundred forty fiue pound. Iohn Norryholme, Ralph Batte, Allice Perciuall, Iane Drew, William Borresbie, Iohn Becke

Richard Sutten, William Batte, Iames Well, Henry Beacher Alderman, 1570.

West from this Church haue ye Skalding Alley, of olde time, called Skalding house, or Skalding Wike,* 1.544 because that ground for the most part was then imployed by Poulters, that dwelled in the high streete, from the Stockes market to the great Con∣duit. Their Poultrie which they sold at their stalles were skal∣ded there, the streete doth yet beare the name of the Poultrie, and the Poulters are but lately departed from thence into other streets as into Grasse streete, and to the endes of S. Nicholas flesh shambles. This Skalding Wike is the farthest west part of Brodestreete ward, and is by the water called Walbrooke, par∣ted from Cheape warde: this Brodestreete warde hath an Al∣derman with his Deputie, common Counsellors ten, Constables ten, Scauengers eight, Wardmote inquest thirteene, and a Bea∣dle. It is taxed to the fifteene, in London, at seauen and twentie pound, and accounted in the Exchequer after twentie fiue pound.

Cornhill VVarde.

THe next ward towardes the south, is Corn∣hill warde,* 1.545 so called of a corne market, time out of mind there holden, and is a part of the principall high streete, beginning at the west end of Leaden hall, stretching downe west on both the sides by the south end of Finckes lane, on the right hand, and by the North ende of Birchouers lane, on the left part of which lanes, to wit, to the middle of them is of this ward and so down to the Stockes market, and this is the bounds of this Ward. The vpper, or East part of this Warde, and al∣so a part of Lymestreete warde hath beene (as I saide) a market place, especially for Corne, and since for all kinde of victuals, as is partly shewed in Limestreete warde, yet it ap∣peareth of record, that in the yere 1522. the Rippars of Rie and other places solde their fresh fish in Leaden hall market, vpon Cornhil, but forren Butchers were not admitted, there to sel flesh

til the yere 1533. & shortly after it was enacted, that the said But∣chers & other should sel their beefe and mutton by weight,* 1.546 to wit beefe not aboue a halfpennie the pound, and mutton halfpenny half farthing: which act being deuised for the great commodity of the realme, (as it was then thought) hath since proued far otherwaies, for before that time a fat oxe was solde at London, for sixe and twentie shillings 8.••. at the most, a fat Wether for thrée shillings 4. pence, a fat Calfe the like price, a fat Lambe for twelue pence, peeces of beefe weighed two poundes and a halfe, at the least, yea thrée pound or better for a pennie on euerie Butchers stal in this Citie: and of those peeces of beefe thirteene or foureteene for twelue pence, fat mutton for eight pence the quarter, and one hun∣dred weight of beefe for foure shillinges eight pence at the dearest: What the price is now, I néede not to set downe, many men thought the same to raise in price: by meane that euerie Grasier knew or supposed what weight euery their beastes contayned, and so raising their price thereafter, the Butcher could be no gay∣ner, but by likewise raising his price: but the true causes of en∣hansing the prices both of those and other victualls are not to bee disputed here. &c. The Forren Butchers for a long time stoode in the high streete of Limestreete warde, twise euerie weeke vz. Wednesday and Saturday, and were some gaine to the Ten∣nantes before whose dores they stoode, and into whose houses they set their blockes and stalles, on the north side of that streete, but that aduantage being espied, they were taken into Leaden hall, there to pay for their standinges to the Chamber of Lon∣don. Thus much for the market vppon Cornhill.

The chiefe ornamentes in Cornhil warde are these. First at the East end thereof, in the middle of the high streete, and at the parting of foure wayes, haue ye a water standarde, placed there in the yeare 1582. in manner following.

A certaine German of Dutch man borne, named Peter Mor∣ris, hauing made an Artificiall Forcier, for that purpose, conueyed Thames water in pipes of Lead,* 1.547 ouer the steeple of S. Magnus Church, at the north end of London bridge, and from thence into diuers mens houses, in Thames streete, New fish streete and Grassestreete, vp to the northwest corner of Leaden hall, the

highest ground of al the Citie,* 1.548 where the wast of the maine pipe rising into this Standarde (prouided at the charges of the Citie) with foure spoutes runneth foure waies, plentifully seruing to the commoditie of the inhabitantes neare adioyning in their houses, and also clenseth the Channels of the streete towardes Bishops∣gate, Aldegate, the Bridge, and the Stockes market.

Then haue ye a fayre Conduite of swéete water, castellated in the middest of that warde and streete. This Conduite was first builded of stone, in the yeare, 1282. by Henry Walles, Maior of London, to be a prison for night walkers, & other suspitious per∣sons, and was called the Tunne vpon Cornhill,* 1.549 because the same was builded somewhat in fashion of a Tonne standing on the one end.

Also without the West side of this Tunne, was a fayre well* 1.550 of springing water, curbed round with hard stone. In the yeare 1298. certaine principall Citizens of London, brake vp this pri∣son called the Tunne, and tooke out certain prisoners for the which they were sharply punished by long imprisonment, & great fines, as in another place I haue shewed.

In the yeare 1401. this prison house called the Tunne was made a Cesterne for sweete water conueyed by pipes of Leade frō the towne of Tyborne, and was from thence forth called the con∣duite vpon Cornhill:* 1.551 Then was the wall planked ouer, and a strong prison made of Timber, called a Cage, with a payre of stockes set vpon it, on the top of which Cage was placed a Pillory for the punishment of Bakers offending in the Assise of Breade: for Millers stealeing of Corne at the Mill: and for baudes and scolds &c.* 1.552 In the yeare 1475. R. Drope Mayor, dwelling in that warde inlarged the Cestern of this Conduite, with an east end of stone, and lead castelated in comely manner. In the yeare 1546. Sir Martin Bowes Maior dwelling in Lombard streete, and hauing his backe gate opening into Cornhill against the saide Conduite,* 1.553 minded to haue enlarged the Cesterne there∣of with a west end, like as Robert Drope before had don toward the East: view and measure of the plot was taken, for this worke, but the Pillorie and Cage being remoued, they found the ground planked, and the well aforesaide (worne out of memorie) which

well they reuiued and restored to vse, they set the Pillorie some¦what west from the well, and so this worke ceased.

On the North side of this street, from the East vnto the West haue ye diuers fayre houses for marchantes and other, amongst the which one large house is called the Wey house, where mar∣chandizes brought from beyond the seas, are to bée weighed at the Kinges Beame:* 1.554 This house hath a maister, and vnder him foure maister Portars, with Portars vnder them: they haue a strong cart, and were vsed to haue foure great horses, to draw and carrie the wares from the marchants houses to the beam & backe again: now thrée horses serue the turn. Sir Thomas Louel* 1.555 knight builded this house, with a fayre front of Tenementes towards the streete, all which he gaue to the Grocers of London, himselfe being free of the Citie, and a brother of that Companie.

Then haue yée the saide Finckes lane, the southende of which lane on both the sides is in Cornhill warde.

Then next is the Royall Exchange erected.* 1.556 In the yere 1566. after this order, vz. certaine houses vpon Cornhill, and the like vpon the backe thereof, in the warde of Brodestreete, with thrée Allies, the first called Swan Alley,* 1.557 opening into Cornhill, the se∣cond called New Alley,* 1.558 passing throughout of Cornhil into Brod∣streete warde, ouer against S. Bartilmew lane, the thirde called S. Christophers Alley,* 1.559 opening into Brodestreete warde, and into S. Christophers Parrish, conteyning in all fourescore house∣holdes:* 1.560 were first purchased by the Citizens of London, for more then 353••.••. and were solde for 478.••. to such persons as shoulde take them down, and carrie the stuffe from thence, also the ground or plot was made plaine at the charges of the Citie,* 1.561 and then pos∣session thereof was by certaine Aldermen, in name of the whole Citizens giuen to Sir Thomas Gresham knight, Agent to the Queenes Highnesse, thereupon to builde a burse, or place, for Marchantes, to assemble in, at his own proper charges: and bee on the seuenth of Iune laying the first stone of the foundation, be∣ing Bricke, accompanied with some Aldermen, euery of them laide a peece of gold, which the workemen tooke vp, and forthwith followed vpon the same with such diligence, that by the moneth of nouember in the 1567. the same was couered with slate, & short∣ly

after fully finished. In the yere a thousand fiue hundred seauentie on the 23. of Ianuarie, the Queenes Maiestie,* 1.562 attended with her Nobillitie, came from her house at the Strande called Sommerset house, and entred the citie, by Temple Bar, through Fléetestreete, Cheape, and so by the North side of the Burse, to Sir Thomas Greshams in Bishopsgate streete, where she dined, after dinner her Maiestie returning through Cornhill entered the Burse on the southside, and after that shee had viewed euery part therof aboue the ground, especially the Pawne, which was richlie furnished with all sortes of the finest wares in the City: she cau∣sed the same Burse by an Herralde and a Trompet to bee procla∣med the Royall Exchange, and so to bee called from thence forth and not otherwise.

Next adioyning to this Royall Exchange* 1.563 remaineth one parte of a large stone house, and is now called the Castle of such a signe, at a Tauerne dore there is a passage throughout of Cornhill, into Thrée needle streete, the other parte of the saide stone house was taken downe, for enlarging the Royall Exchange: this stone house was saide of some to haue béene a Church (whereof it had no proportion,) of others a Iewes house (as though none but Iewes had dwelt in stone houses) but that opinion is without war∣rant: for in the first yeare of Richarde the first, to preuent the ca∣sualties of fire (which often had hapned in the Citie, when the hou∣ses were builded of Timber,* 1.564 and couered with Reede or Straw, Henry Fitz Alewin being Maior, it was decreed that from thenc∣forth no man should build within the Citie, but of stone, vntill a certaine height, and to couer the same building with slate, or brent tyle, and this was the verie cause of such stone buildinges, where∣of many haue remained till our time: but of late for winning of ground, they haue béen taken down, & in place of some one of thē being low, as but two stories aboue the ground, many houses of foure or fiue stories high are placed.

From this stone house down to the Stockes, are diuers large houses especially for height, for Marchantes and Artificers.

On the south side of this high streete is the parish church of S. Peter vpon Cornhill,* 1.565 which seemeth to be of an ancient building: but yet not so ancient as some reporteth, for it hath béene all late∣ly

repayred, if not new builded, except the steeple, which is ancient: the roofe of this Church, and glasing was finished in the raigne of Edwarde the fourth, as appeareth by Armes of Noble men, and Aldermen of London then liuing, there remaineth in this Church a table wherein it is written, I know not by what authority, but of a late hand, that king Lucius founded the same Church, to bee an Archbishops sea, and made it the Metropolitane, and chiefe Church of his kingdome, and that it so endured the space of foure hundred yeares, vnto the comming of Augustine the Monke.

Ioceline of Furneis writeth, that Thean the first Archbishop of London, in the raign of Lucius, builded the saide Church by the aide of Ciran, chiefe Butler to king Lucius, and also that El∣uanus the second Archbishop, builded a Library* 1.566 to the same church adioyning, and conuerted many of the Druides, learned men in the Pagan law to Christianitie. True it is that a Library there was pertaining to this Parish Church of old time builded of stone, and of late repayred with Bricke, by the Executors of Sir Iohn Crosbie Alderman, as his Armes on the south ende doth witnes.

This Library hath béene of late time, to wit, within these fifety yeares well furnished of bookes, Iohn Leyland* 1.567 viewed and com∣mended them, but now those bookes be gone, and the place is occu∣pied by a Schoolemaister, and his Usher, ouer a number of schol∣lers learning their Grammar rules &c. Notwithstanding before that time, a Grammar schoole had beene kept in this Parish as appeareth, in the fiue and twentie of Henry the sixt, it was e∣nacted by Parliament, that foure Grammar schooles* 1.568 in Lon∣don, shoulde bee maintained, vz. In the parishes of All-hal∣lowes, in Thames streete. S. Andrew in Oldboorne, S. Peters vpon Cornhill, and S. Thomas of Acars. The monumentes of the dead in this Church be these, of Sir William Bowyer Maior 1543. Sir Henry Huberthorn Maior, 1546. Sir Christopher Morrice, Maister Gunner of England, to king Henry the eight, Edward Elrington Esquier, chief Butler to Edward the sixt, and diuers other that be defaced.

Then haue yee the parish church of S. Michael Tharchangel,* 1.569 which hath beene a fayre and beutifull Parish Church. But of late yeares greatlie blemished by the building of foure

Tenementes on the North side thereof towardes the streete, in place of a gréene churchyarde, whereby the church is greatly darkened, and otherwise annoyed, the faire new stéeple or bell To∣wer was begunne to be new builded in the 1421. which being fi∣nished, and a faire ring of fiue belles therein placed. One Russe a Draper gaue a sixt Bell, which he named Russe after his owne name, to be nightly rung at eight of the clocke: which bell vsually rong by one man more then 100. yeares, of late ouer hayled by 4. or 5. at once, hath beene thrice broken, and therefore not rong as heretofore. Robert Drope Mayor buried 1485. on the North side of the Quire, vnder a faire Tombe of Gray marble, gaue to maides marriaiges 20. pounde, to the poore of that Warde 10. pound, shirtes and smockes 300. to the poore at his buriall 16. pound, gownes of brodecloth to the poore 100. to prisons, Hospi∣tals and Lazare houses liberally: hee also gaue his house in Corn∣hill to be sold, and the price thereof to be spent on the amendment of high wayes: Iohane his wife afterwardes Uice Countesse Li∣sle was also buried there by her first husband, 1500. She gaue fourescore and tenne pounds in money, to the beautifying of that church, notwithstanding the Tombe of them both is pulled down and no monument remayneth of them. Peter Houghton late Al∣derman is now buried in their vault 1596. Iohn Grace Draper was buried 1439. Robert Fabian Alderman, that wrote and published a Chronicle of England and of Fraunce, 1511. lyeth there with this Epitaph.

Like as the day his course doth consume, And the new morrow springeth againe as fast, So man and woman by natures custome, This life to passe, at last in earth are cast, Inioy and sorrow, which he•••• their time do wast, Neuer in one state, but in course transitorie, So full of change is of this world the glory.

His Monument is gone. Elizabeth Peak widow gaue y^e Patro∣nage or gift of the benefice to the Drapers, and lyeth buried in the belfrey 1518. Richard Garneham 1527. Edmond Trindel and Robert Smith my Godfathers, William Dickson and Mar∣garet his wife my Godmother did lie in the cloyster vnder a faire

Tombe, now defaced. Thomas Stow and Thomas Stow my grandfather and father: Iohn Tolus* 1.570 Alderman 1548. he gaue to Iohn Willowby Parson of that Church to Thomas Lodge, G. Hinde, P. Bolde Churchwardens, and to their successors to∣wardes the reparations of that Church and the reliefe of the poore for euer, his tenement with the appurtenances in the parish of S. Michael which he had lately purchased, of Aluery Randolph of Badlesmeer in Kent: but the parish neuer had the gift (nor heard thereof by the space of 40. yeares after) such was the conscience of the executors to conceale it to themselues, and such is the negli∣gence of the parishioners (that being informed thereof) make no claime thereunto. Philip Gonter that was Alderman for a time, and gaue 400. pound to be discharged thereof, was buried in the cloyster about the yeare 1482. and Anne his wife &c.

This parish church hath on the south side thereof a proper cloi∣ster, and a fayre church yarde, with a pulpet crosse, not much vn∣like to that in Paules Churchyarde. Sir Iohn Hudstone May∣or, caused the same in his life time to be builded, and hee deceased, 1531. and was buried in a vawlt vnder the said pulpet crosse,* 1.571 he appointed lands for sermons to be preached there, but that is gone, and his Tombe of marble, before the pulpet is taken away, a∣mongst others, namely of Doctor Yaxly one of the Phisitions to King Henry the eight that was buried there with his wife, vnder a Tombe of marble.

Then haue ye Burcheouers lane,* 1.572 so called of Birchouer, the first builder and owner thereof, now corruptly called Birchen lane, the North halfe whereof is of the said Cornehill warde, the other part is of Langborne ward.

This lane and the high streete neare adioyning hath beene in∣habited for the most parte with wealthy Drapers from Bircho∣uers lane on that side the stéete downe to the Stockes: in the raigne of Henry the sixt, had ye for the most parte dwelling Frip∣perers or Upholders,* 1.573 that solde olde apparell and housholde stuffe.

I haue read of a countrey man, that then hauing lost his hoode in Westminster Hall, founde the same in Cornehill hanged out tobe solde, which he challenged, but was forced to buy, or go

without it, for their stall (they said) was their market. About this time also the Wine drawer of the Popes heade Tauerne* 1.574 (standing without the dore in the high stréete) tooke the same man by the sléeue, and saide, sir will you drinke a pint of wine:* 1.575 where∣unto be aunswered, a penny spende I may, and so drunke his pint, for bread nothing did he pay.

This Popes head Tauerne, with other houses adioyning, strongly builded of stone, hath of olde time béene all in one, per∣tayning to some great estate, or rather to the King of this realme,* 1.576 as may bee supposed both by the largenesse thereof, and by the armes, to wit, thrée Lyons passant, which was the whole armes of England, before the raigne of Edward the third, that quartered them with the Armes of Fraunce, thrée Flower de Luces.

These Armes of England supported* 1.577 betwéene two Angels, are fayre and largely grauen in stone on the fore front towardes the high stréet, ouer the dore or stawle of one great house, lately for many years possessed by M. Philip Guntar, the Popes head Ta∣uerne is on the backe part thereof, towards the south, as also one other house called the stone house in Lombard stréete.

Others say, this was king Iohns house, which might so be, for I find in a written copie of Mathew Paris his historie, that in the yeare 1232. Henry the third sent Hubert de Burgho Earle of Kent, to Cornehill* 1.578 in London, there to answere all matters ob∣iected against him, where he wisely acquited himselfe. The Popes heade Tauerne hath a foote way through, from Cornehill into Lombard stréet. And downe lower on the high stréete of Cornhill is there one other way through by the Cardinals Hat Tauerne,* 1.579 into Lombard stréete. And so let this suffice for Cornehill warde.

In which be Gouernors an Alderman, his Deputie, Com∣mon Counsellors foure, Constables foure, Scauin∣gers foure, Wardemote inquest 16. and a Beadle: it is charged to the fif∣téene, at xvj.pound.

Langborne warde, and Fennie about.

LAngborne warde* 1.580 is so called of a long borne of swéete water, which of old time breaking out into Fenchurch streete, ran downe the same streete and Lombard street, to the West ende of S. Mary Woolnothes Church, where tur∣ning south, and breaking it selfe into many small shares, rilles or streames, it left the name of Share borne lane, or south borne lane* 1.581 (as I haue read) because it ranne south to the riuer of Thames. This Warde beginneth at the West end of Aldegate warde, in Fenne church stréet, by the Ironmongers hall, which is on the North side of that stréete, at a place called Culuer alley,* 1.582 where sometime was a lane, through the which men went into Limestréete, but that being long since stopped vp for suspition of theeues, that lurked there by night (as is shewed in Limestreet warde) there is now this said alley a ten∣nis court, &c.

Fenne Church street* 1.583 tooke that name of a Fennie or Moorish ground so made by means of this borne which passed through it, & therefore vntill this day in the Guildehall of this citie, that ward is called by the name of Langborne, and fennie about and not other∣wise: yet others be of opinion that it tooke that name of Faenum, that is hey solde there, as Grasse street tooke the name of Grasse or herbes there sold.

In the midst of this streete standeth a small parish church cal∣led S. Gabriel Fen church, corruptly Fan church.

Helming Legget Esquire, by licence of Edward the third, in the 49. of his raigne, gaue one Tenement, with a curtilarge thereto belonging, and a garden with the entrie thereto leading, vnto Sir Iohn Hariot parson of Fenchurch, and to his successors for euer, the house to bee a Parsonage house, the garden to bee a churchyard, or bu••ying place for the parish.* 1.584

Then haue ye Lombard streete,* 1.585 so called of the Longobards, and other merchantes, straungers of diuers nations assembling

there twise euery day, which manner continued vntill the 22. of December in the yeare 1568. on which day the saide marchantes beganne their meeting in Cornehill at the Burse, since by her Maiestie named the Royall Exchange.

On the North side of this Warde is Limestreet,* 1.586 one halfe whereof is of this warde, and therein on the west side is the Pew∣terers hall,* 1.587 who were admitted to be a brotherhood, in the 13. of Edward the fourth.

At Limestreet corner is a faire parish Church of S. Dionys cal∣led Back church, lately new builded: Iohn Darby Alderman a∣bout the yeare 1446. added therevnto a faire Ile or Chappell on the south side and was there buried: about the yere 1466. he gaue (besides sundry ornaments) his dwelling house, & others, vnto the said parish Church,* 1.588 Iohn Master gent. was by his children buried there 1444: Thomas Bryttaine, Robert Paget merchantaylor, one of the Sherifs 1536. Hugh Witch Mayor 1462. & the Ladie Witch: Sir Thomas Curteis Pewterer, then Fishmonger May∣or 1557. Iames Haruie Ironmonger Mayor 1581. William Peterson Esquire, William Sherington: Sir Edward Osborne Clothworker Mayor 1583. buried there.

Then in Lombardstreet is one faire parish church, called Al∣hallowes* 1.589 Grasse Church in Lombardstreet, I so reade it in e∣uidences of record, for that the Grasse market went downe that way, and was there kept, but the street was far larger in breadth. This Church was lately new builded. Iohn Warner armorer and then Grocer Sheriffe 1494. builded the South Ile, his sonne Robert Warner Esquire finished it the yeare 1516.* 1.590 The Pew∣terers were benefactors towards the North ile &c. The steeple or bell Tower thereof was finished in the yeare 1544. about the thirty and sixt of Henry the eight. The faire stone porch of this church was brought from the late dissolued Priorie of S. Iohn of Ierusalem, by Smithfielde, so was the frame for their belles, but the belles being bought, were neuer brought thether, by reason that one olde Warner Draper, of that parish deceasing, his sonne young Marke Warner would not performe what his father had begunne, and appointed, so that faire steeple hath but one bell, as Friers were wont to vse. The monuments in this church be these,

the said Warners and Iohn Waldon Draper.

Next to this is the parish church of S. Edmond* 1.591 the King and Martir in Lombard stréet, by the south corner of Birchouers lane.

This church is also called S. Edmond Grasse church, because the said Grasse market came downe so low. The monuments in this church are these: Sir Iohn Milborne Draper Mayor decea∣sed, 1535. buried there by Dame Ioane, & Dame Margaret his wiues, vnder a tombe of touch. Humfrey Heyford, Goldsmith Mayor, 1477. Sir William Chester Draper, Mayor, 1560. with his wiues amongst his predecessors. Sir George Barne Mayor, 1586. &c.

From this church downe Lombards streete, by Birchouers lane (the one halfe of which lane is of this warde) and so downe, be diuers faire houses, namely one with a very faire forefront to∣wards the stréete, builded by S. Martin Bowes Goldsmith, since Mayor of London, and then one other, sometime belonging to William de la Pole the kings merchant in the 14. of Edwarde the third, and after him to Michael de la Pole Earle of Suffolke, in the 14. of Richard the second, and so downe toward the stocks market, lacking but some thrée houses thereof.

The south side of this Warde, beginneth in the East, at the chaine to be drawne thwart Mart lane, vp into Fen church stréet, and so West, by the North end of Minchen lane to S. Margarets Pattens stréet, or Roode lane, and downe that stréet to the midway toward S. Margarets church: then by Philpot lane,* 1.592 (so called of Sir Iohn Philpot that dwelled there, & was owner therof) and downe that lane some sixe or eight houses on each side, is all of this warde.

Then by Grasse church corner into Lombard street to S. Cle∣ments lane,* 1.593 and downe the same to S. Clements church: then downe S. Nicholas lane, and downe the same to Saint Nicholas church, and the same church is of this ward. Then to Abchurch lane and downe some smal portion thereof: then downe Sherborne lane, a part thereof, and a parte of Bearebinder lane bee of this warde: and then downe Lombardstreet to the signe of the angell almost to the corner ouer against the Stockes market: and these be the bounds of this warde.

On this south side haue ye the parish church of Alhallowes, com∣monly called Stane church, somwhat within Mart lane end, by the which church sometime passed a lane called Cradocks lane, from Mart lane, winding by the north side of Alhallows Stane church afore said, into Fen church stréet, the which lane being straitned by incrochments, is now called church alley.* 1.594 In this church there haue beene diuers faire monuments of the dead, namely of Iohn Costin Girdler, a great benefactor to that church: hee deceased 1244. his name remaineth painted on the church roofe, if it had béene in brasse it would not haue remained there so long: he gaue out of certaine tenementes to the poore of that parish an hundred quarters of charcoles yearely for euer. Sir Robert Tesle knight of the holy sepulcher, and Dame Ioane his wife, about 1486. Robert Stone, Sir Iohn Steward, and Dame Alice his wife, Alice William and Iohn, wife and sonnes to Thomas Clarell, Agnes daughter to Thomas Niter Eent. William Atwell, Fe∣lix daughter to Sir Thomas Gisers, and wife to Trauers, Tho∣mas Mason Esquire, Edmond Wartar Esquire, Ioane wife to Iohn Chamberlaine Esquire, daughter to Roger Lewkner Esquire, William Frier, Iohn Hamburger Esquire, Hugh Moresby, Gilbert Prince Alderman, Oliuer Chorley gentle∣man, Sir Iohn Writh (or Writhesley) alias Garter, principall King at Armes, sometime laid vnder a faire tombe in the quire, now broken downe and gone. Ioane wife to Thomas Writhe∣sley, sonne to Sir Iohn Writhesley, Gartar, daughter and heire to William Hall Esquire, Iohn Writhesley the yonger, sonne to Sir Iohn Writhesley and Alienor, Elianor seconde wife to Iohn Writhesley, daughter and heire to Thomas Arnalde, and Agnes his second wife, Iohn Writhesley sonne of Thomas, Ag∣nes Arnold, first maried to William Writhesley daughter of Ri∣chard Warmeforde, Barbara Hungerford, daughter to Sir Iohn Writhesley, wife to Anthonie Hungerford, sonne to Sir Thomas Hungerford of Denna••pney in the counti•• of Glo∣cester: Iohn Bostoke Esquire, Christopher Hol••, Sir Richard Tate knight ambassadour for King Henry the eight, buried there 1554. his monument remaineth yet, therest being all pulled downe, and swept out of the church, where through the Church Warden was forced to make a large •• xij.•• yeare

spent in broomes, besides the cariage away of stone and brasse at his owne charge. Then is the parish church of S. Nicholas Acon or Hacon,* 1.595 (for so haue I read it in recordes) in Lombarde stréete. Sir Iohn Bridges Draper Mayor 1520. newly repayred this church and imbattailed it, and was there buried: Frances Bo∣yer Grocer one of the Sheriffes was buried there, 1580. with o∣ther of the Boyers. So was Iulian, wife to Iohn Lambard Al∣derman mother of William Lamberd, yet liuing. Then is there in the high street a proper parish church of S. Mary Woolnoth,* 1.596 of the natiuitie, the reason of which name I haue not yet learned: this church is lately new builded. Sir Hugh Brise Mayor in the first yeare of Henry the seuenth kéeper of the kings exchange at London, and one of the gouernors of the kings mint in the Tow∣er of London, vnder William L. Hastings, the 5. of Edward the fourth deceased 1496. he builded in this church a chappell, called the charnel, as also part of the bodie of the church and of the stéeple, and gaue money toward the finishing thereof, besides the stone which he had prepared: hee was buried in the body of the church, Guy Brice or Boys was buried there, Dame Ioan wife to Sir William Peach, Hugh Acton Taylor, Thomas Nocket Dra∣per 1396. Simon Eyre 1459. Iohn Meager Pewterer, & Emme his wife in S. Iohns chappel, Sir Iohn Pierciuall Marchant tay∣lor Mayor, about 1504. Thomas Roch and Andrew Michael Uinteners, & Ioan their wife: William Hilton Marchantaylor, & Taylor to K. Henry the eight, was buried there 1519. vnder the chappell of S. George, which chappell was builded by George Lufken sometime Taylor to the Prince, Robert Amades Gold∣smith mayster of the kings iewels: Sir Martin Bowes Mayor buried about 1569. he gaue lands for the discharge of that Lang∣borne ward of all fiftéenes* 1.597 to be granted to the King by Parlia∣ment: George Hasken, Sir Thomas Ramsey late Mayor, &c. Thus haue ye seuen parish churches in this ward. One hall of a companie, diuiers faire houses for marchants, and other monu∣ments none. It hath an Alderman his deputie, common Counsel∣lors 8. Constables 15. Scauengers 9. men of the Wardemote inquest 17. and a Beadle. It is taxed to the fifteene in London at xxj.pound. In the Exche••••uer at xx.••.x.••.

Billinsgate warde

BIllinsgate warde,* 1.598 beginneth at the west ende of Towerstreete warde, in Thames streete, about Smartes Key, and runneth downe along that streete on the south side, to S. Magnus church at the Bridge foote, and on the north side of the same Thames steeete, from ouer against Smarts Key till ouer against the North west Corner of S. Magnus Church aforesaide: on this North side of Thames streete, is S. Marie hill lane, vp to S. Margarets Church, and then parte of S. Margarets Pattens streete, at the end of S. Mary hil lane: Next out of Thames streete is Lucas lane, and then Buttolph lane, and at the northend thereof Philpot lane, then is Rothar lane, of olde time so called, and thwart the same lane is little East∣cheape, and these be the bounds of this Billinsgate warde. Touch∣ing the principall ornamentes within this warde. On the south∣side of Thames streete, beginning at the East end thereof, there is first the saide Smartes key,* 1.599 so called of one Smart sometime owner thereof, the next is Billinsgate,* 1.600 whereof the whole ward taketh name, the which (leauing out the fable, thereof faigning it to be builded by king Beline •• Briton, long before the incarna∣tion of Christ) is at this present a large Water gate, Porte or Harbrough for ships and Boates, commonly ariuing there with fi••h both fresh and salt, shell fishes, salt, Orenges, Onions, and o∣ther Fruits and Rootes, Wheat, Rie, and Graine of diuers sorts, for seruice of the Citie, and the partes of this Realme adioyning. This Gate is now more frequented then of olde time, when the Queenes Hith was more vsed as being appointed by the kinges of this Realm, to be the special or onely porte for taking vp of al such kinde of marchandizes brought to this citie by strangers & For∣renners, and the draw bridge of Timber at London bridge was then to bée raised or drawne vp for passage of shippes with toppes thether. Touching the auncient customes of this B••llinsgate,* 1.601 I haue not read in anyrecorde, more then that in the raigne of Ed∣warde the thirde, euery great ship landing there, paide for stran∣dage

two pence, euery little ship, with Orelockes a penny, the lesser boate called a Battle, a halfepenny: of two quarters of corn measured the king was to haue one Farthing of a Combe, of Corne a pennie, of euerie weight going out of the City a halfepenny, of two quarters of sea coale measured a farthing, and of euery Tunne of Ale going out of England beyond the seas, by Marchant strangers foure pence, of euery thousand Herring, a farthing, except the Franchises &c.

The next to this is Somars key,* 1.602 which likewise tooke that name of one Somar dwelling there, as did Lion key* 1.603 of one Lyon owner thereof, and since of the signe of a Lyon.

Then is there a fayre Wharfe or Key, called Buttolphes* 1.604 gate by that name so called in the times of VVilliam the Conqueror, and of Edwarde the Confessor, as I haue shewed alreadie in the description of the Gates.

Next is the parish church of S. Buttolph,* 1.605 a proper Church, & hath had many fayre monumentes therein, now defaced and cleane gone: notwithstanding I find by Testimonies abroad, that these which follow were buried there, to wit, Roger Coggar, 1384. Andrew Pikeman, and Ioan his wife, 1391. Nicholas Iames Ironmonger one of the Sheriffes, 1423. Iohn Raynewel Fish∣monger, and VVilliam his Father, the saide Iohn Rainwel was Maior 1426. and deceasing 1445. was buried there with this Epitaphe.

Citizens of London, call to your remembrance, The famous Iohn Rainewel, sometime your Maior, Of the Staple of Callis, so was his chance. Here lieth now his Corps, his soule bright and fayre, Is taken to heauens blisse, thereof is no dispaire. His actes beare witnes, by matters of recorde, How charitable he was, and of what accorde, No man hath beene so beneficial as hee, Vnto the Citie, in giuing liberalitie,&c.

Hee gaue a stone house, to bee a Reuestrie to that Church for euer: more, hee gaue landes, and Tenementes to the vse of the

Comminaltie, that the Maior and Chamberlaine should satisfie vnto the discharge of all persons, inhabiting the wardes of Belins¦gate, Downegate, and Aldegate,* 1.606 as often as it shall happen any fifeteene, by Parliament of the king to bee granted, also to the Exchequer in discharge of the Sheriffes tenne pounde yearely, which the Sheriffes vsed to pay for the Fearme of Southwarke, so that all men of the Realme, comming or passing with carriage should be free quitted and discharged of all Tole and other pay∣mentes, afore time clamed by the Sheriffes: Further that the Maior and Chamberlaine, shall pay yearely to the Sheriffes, eight pound, so that the saide Sheriffes take no manner Tole or money, of any person of this Realme, for their goods, Marchandi∣zes, victuailes, and carriages, for their passages at the great gate of the bridge of the citie, nor at the gate called the draw bridge &c. The ouerplus of money comming of the saide Landes and Tene∣mentes, deuided into euen portions, the one parte to bee imploy∣led to instore the Grayners of the Cittie, with wheate for the re∣leefe of the poore Comminaltie, and the other Moity to cleare and clense the shelues, and other stoppages of the riuer of Thames &c.

Stephen Forstar Fishmonger, Maior in the yeare, 1454. and Dame Agnes his wife, lie buried there: VVilliam Bacon Ha∣berdasher, one of the Sheriffes 1480. was there buried, besides many other persons of good worship, whose monumentes are all destroyed by greedy men of spoile.

This parish of S. Buttolph is no great thing, notwithstan∣ding diuers strangers are there harbored as may appeare by a presentment, not many yeres since made of strangers* 1.607 inhabitants in the warde of Billinsgate in these wordes. In Billinsgate ward were one and fifty householdes of strangers, whereof thirty of these househouldes inhabited in the parrish of S. Buttolph in the chiefe and principall houses where they giue twenty pound the yeare for a house lately letten, for foure marks, the nearer they dwell to the waterside, the more they giue for houses, and within thirty yeares before there was not in the whole warde aboue thrée Netherlanders, at which time there was within the saide parish leauied for the helpe of the poore, seauen and twentie pounde, by the yeare, but since they came so plentifully thether, there cannot

be gathered aboue eleuen pound, for they will not contribute to such charges as other Citizens doe. Thus much for that south side of this warde.

On the north side is Bosse Alley,* 1.608 so called of a Bosse of spring water continually running, which standeth by Billinsgate, against this Alley, and was sometimes made by the Executors of Rich∣ard VVhitington.

Then is S. Mary hill lane,* 1.609 which runneth vp North from Billinsgate, to the end of S. Margaret Pattens, commonly cal∣led Roode lane, and the greatest halfe of that lane is also of Billins¦gate warde. In this S. Marie hil* 1.610 lane is the fayre parish church of S. Marie called on the hill, bycause of the ascent from Billins¦gate.

This church hath been lately builded, as may appeare by this that followeth. Richarde Hackney one of the Sheriffes in the yeare 1322. and Alice his wife were there buried, as Robert Fabian writeth, saying thus. In the yeare 1497. in the moneth of Aprill, as laborers digged for the foundation of a walle, with∣in the Church of S. Marie hil neare vnto Billinsgate, they found a Coffin of rotten Timber, and therein the Corps of a woman, whole ofskin, and of bones vndeseuered, and the iointes of her armes pliable, without breaking of the skinne, vpon whose sepul∣chre this was engrauen. Here lyen the bodies of Richarde Hackney and Allice* 1.611 his wife, the which Richard was Sheriffe in the fifteenth of Edwarde the second, her bodie was kept aboue ground, three or foure dayes without noysance, but then it waxed vnsauorie: and so was again buried. Iohn Mordan stocke-Fish∣monger was buried there, 1387. Nicholas Exton Fishmonger Maior, 1387. VVilliam Cambridge Maior, 1420 William Phillip Sergeant at Armes, 1473. Robert Reuell one of the Sheriffes 1490. gaue liberally towarde the new building of this Church, and steeple, and was there buried, William Remington Maior, 1500. Sir Thomas Blanke Maior, 1582. VVilliam Holstocke Esquier, Controller of the kinges ships. Sir Cut∣berte Buckle Maior, 1594.

This lane on both sides is furnished with many fayre houses for Marchantes and hath at the North end thereof, one other

lane called S. Margaret Pattens, because of olde time Pattens were there vsually made and solde: but of later time, this is called Roode lane, of a Roode there placed, in the Church yarde of Saint Margaret,* 1.612 whilest the olde Church was taken downe, and a∣gaine newly builded, during which time the oblations made to this Roode, were imployed towardes building of the church: but in the yere 1538. about the 23. of May in the morning, the saide Roode was found to haue been in the night proceeding (by people vnknown),* 1.613 broken all to péeces, together with the Tabernacle, wherein it had béene placed. Also on the 27, of the same moneth, in same parrish amongst the Basketmakers, a great and sudden fire happened in the night season, which within the space of thrée howers consumed more then a dozen houses, & nine persons were brent to death there, and thus ceased that worke of this Church, being at that time nigh finished to the steeple.

The lane on both sides beyond the same church to the mid∣way towardes Fenchurch streete is of Billinsga te warde.

Then againe out of Thames streete, by the west ende of S. Mary hill Church, runneth vp one other lane of olde time called Roape lane,* 1.614 since called Lucas Lane, of one Lucas owner of some part thereof, and now corruptly called Loue lane, it runneth vp by the East end of a parish Church of Saint Andrew Hubbert, or Saint Andrew in East Cheape: This Church and all the whole Lane called Lucas Lane is of this Billinsegate warde.

Then haue yee one other lane out of Thames streete, cal∣led Buttolph lane, because it riseth ouer against the Parrish Church* 1.615 of S. Buttolph, and runneth vp North by the East end of S. Georges Church, to the West ende of S. Androwes Church and to the south ende of Philpot lane.

This Parrish Church of Saint George in Buttolph lane,* 1.616 is smal, but the Monumentes for two hundred yeares past are well preserued, from spoile whereof, one is of Adam Bamme Maior, one thousand three hundred ninetie seauen, Richarde Bamme Esquier, his sonne of Gillingham in Kent, 1452. Iohn VValton Gentleman, 1401.* 1.617 Marpor a Gentleman, 1400. Iohn, Saint Iohn Marchant of Leauaunt, and Agnes his wife, 1400. VVilliam Combes Stocke Fishmonger, one of

the Sheriffes, 1452. who gaue forty pound, towardes the workes of that Church. Iohn Stokar Draper one of the Sheriffes, 1477. Richarde Drylande Esquier, and Ka∣therine his wife, Daughter to Morrice Brune Knight, Lorde of Southuckenton in Essex, Stewarde o the Housholde to Humphrey Duke of Glocester, 1487. Nicholas Partrich one of the Sheriffes, 1519. William Forman Maior, 1538. Iames Mounforde Esquier. Surgeon to king Henry the eight, buried. 1544. Thomas Gayle Haberdashar. 1540. Ni∣cholas Wilforde Marchant Taylor and Elizabeth his wife, a∣bout the yeare. 1551. Hugh Spencer Esquier, 1424. Edward Heywarde 1573. &c.

Then haue yee one other lane called Rother Lane or Red Rose Lane,* 1.618 of such a signe there, now commonly called Pudding Lane, because the Butchers of Eastcheape, haue their skalding house for Hogges there, and their Puddinges with other filth of Beastes, are voided downe that way to their dung boates on the Thames.

This Lane stretcheth from Thames streete to little East∣Cheape chiefely inhabited, by Basketmakers, Turners, and Butchers: and is all of Billins gate warde. The Garland in little East Cheape, sometime a Brewhouse, with a Garden on the backeside adioyning to the Garden of Sir Iohn Philpot, was the chiefe house in this East Cheape, it is now deuided into sundry small Tenementes, &c.

This Warde hath one Alderman, and his Deputie, common Counsellors Constables eleuen, Scauengers sixe, for the Wardmote inquest foureteene and a Beadle, it is taxed to the fifteene in London, at two and thirty pound, and in the Exche∣quer at one and thirty pound ten shillinges.

Bridge warde within.

BRidgewarde within,* 1.619 so called of London Bridge, which Bridge is a principall parte, of that warde, and beginneth at the stulpes on the southende by Southwarke, runneth along the bridge, and North vp Bridge∣streete,* 1.620 commonly called (of the Fishmar∣ket) New Fishstreete, from Fishstreete hil, vp Grassestreete, to the North corner of Grasse Church, all the bridge is replenished on both the sides with large, fayre and beautifull buildings, inhabitants for the most part, rich Marchantes, and other wealthie Citizens, Mercers and Ha∣berdashers.

In new fishstreete be Fishmongers, and fayre Tauerns: on Fishstreete hill, and Grassestreete, men of diuers Trades, Gro∣cers and Habardashers.

In Grassestreete haue yee one fayre Conduite of sweete wa∣ter, castellated with Crest and Uente, made there by the appoint∣ment of Thomas Hill Maior in the yeare 1484. who gaue by his Testament, one hundred markes towardes the conuayance of water* 1.621 to this place. It was begunne by his Executors, in the yeare, 1491. and finished of his goodes whatsoeuer it cost.

On the east side of this Bridge warde, haue yee the fayre Parrish Church of S. Magnus,* 1.622 in the which church haue béene buried many men of good worship, whose monumentes are now for the most part vtterly defaced. I find Henrie Yeuele Free∣mason to Edwarde the thirde, Richarde the second, and Henry the fourth, who deceased 1400. his monuments yet remaineth: VVilliam Bramptō, Iohn Michel Mayor 1436 Iohn French Baker, Yeoman of the Crowne, to H. the 7.1510 Robert Clarke Fishmonger 1521. Richard Turke one of the Sheriffs 1549. VVilliam Steede Alderman, Richard Morgan knight, chiefe Iustice of the common place 1556, Robert Branch Gird∣ler, 1567. Robert Belgraue Girdler, VVilliam Brame, Iohn Coupe•• Fishmonger Aldermā, who was put by his turn of Maio∣ratly,

deceased, 1571. in the parish of S. Christopher, but was buried there, as in the Parish where hee was borne. Robert Har∣ding Salter one of the Sheriffes, 1568. Symon Low, Mar∣chant Taylor Esquier.

Then is the parrish Church of S. Margaret* 1.623 on Fishstreete hill, a proper Church, but monumentes it hath none: a foote way passeth by the South side of this Church, from Fishstreete hil into Rotherlane. Up higher on this hil is the parish Church of S. Leonard,* 1.624 Milke church so termed of one VVilliam Melker, an especiall builder thereof, but commonly called S. Leonardes in East Cheape, because it standeth at East Cheape corner. Mo∣numentes there bee of the Doggetes, namelie, VValter Dog∣get Uintner, one of the Sheriffes, 1380. Iohn Dogget Uintner, and Allice his wife, about 1456. this Iohn Dogget gaue lands to that Church, VVilliam Dogget, &c.

This Church, and from thence into little East cheape to the east ende of the saide Church, is of the Bridge warde.

Then higher in Grassestreete is the parish Church of Saint Bennet, called Grasse Church,* 1.625 of the Herbe market there kept: this Church also is of the Bridge warde, and the farthest North end thereof: some monumentes remaine there vndefaced, as of Iohn Harding Salter, 1576. Iohn Sturgeon, Chamberlaine of London, &c. The customes of Grasse church market, in the raigne of Edwarde the third, as I haue reade in a booke of Cu∣stomes were these: euery Forren cart laden with corne, or mault comming thether to be solde, was to pay one halfe pennie, euery Forren cart bringing cheese two pence euerie cart of corn & cheese together, (if the cheese be more worth then the corn) two pence, and if the corne bee more worth then the cheese, it was to pay a halfepennie, of two horses laden with corne or maulte, the Bay∣liffe had one farthing, the cart of the Franchise of the Temple and of S. Martins le grand, payed a Farthing: the cart of the Hos∣pitall of S. Iohn of Ierusalem, paide nothing for their proper goodes, and if the corne were brought by Marchants of sel againe, the loade paid a halfepennie, &c.

On the west side of this ward, at the north end of London bridge is a part of Thames streete,* 1.626 which is also of this warde, to wit so much as of old time was called Stocke Fishmonger Row, of the

stockfishmongers* 1.627 dwelling there, downe west to a water gate, of old time called Ebgate, since Ebgatelane, & now y^e old swan, which is a common stayre on y^e Thames, but the passage is very narrow by meanes of incrochments. On this south side of Thames stréet about the midway betwixt the bridge foote, and Ebgate lane, stan∣deth the Fishmongers hall,* 1.628 and diuers other fayre houses for mar∣chants. These Fishmongers were sometime of two seuerall com∣panies, to wit, Stocke-fishmongers, and salt fishmongers,* 1.629 and were vnited in the yeare 1536. in the 28. of Henry the eight, their Hall to be but one, in the house giuen vnto them by the Lord Fanhope, in the parish of S. Michael Crooked lane, whereas be∣fore they had seueral halles, in Thames stréet twaine, in new fish∣stréet twain, & in old fish stréet twain, in all six seueral halles.* 1.630 This company was so great as I have read in the recordes of the To∣wer: now worne out of knowledge to the company, who bee not able so much as to shewe the reason, why they were ioyned in fellowshippe with the Goldsmithes, and doe giue their armes, &c. On that south side of Thames stréete, haue ye Drink wa∣ter wharfe,* 1.631 and Fish Wharfe in the parish of S. Magnus. On the North side of Thames street is S. Martins lane, a parte of which lane is also of this ward, to wit, on the one side to a well of water, and on the other side as farre vp as against the said well. Then is S. Michaels lane, part whereof is also of this. Warde vp to a well there &c. Then at the vpper end of new fishstreete, is a lane turning towards S. Michaels lane, and is called crooked lane,* 1.632 of the crooked windings thereof. Aboue this lanes end, vp∣on Fishstréet hill, is one great house, for the most part builded of stone, which pertained somtime to Edward the black prince,* 1.633 son to Edward y^e 3. who was in his life time, lodged there. It is now al∣tered to a common hosterie, hauing the black bel for a signe: Aboue this house at the top of fishstréet hill is a turning into great East∣chepe, and so vp to the corner of Lombard street, ouer against the Northwest corner of Grasse church, and these be the whole bounds of this Bridge ward within: the which hath an Alderman and his deputie, for the Common counsaile 16. Constables 15. Sca∣uingers 6. for the Wardemote inquest 16. and a Beadle. It is taxed to the fifteene in London at fifty pound, and in the exchec∣quer at 49. pound, ten shillings.

Candlewicke street warde.

CAndlewicke street, or Candlewright streete ward,* 1.634 beginneth at the East end of great East∣cheape it passeth west through Eastcheape to Candlewright streete, and through the same downe to the North end of Suffolke lane, on the south side, and downe that lane by the west ende of S. Laurence churchyarde, and that is the farthest west part of that Warde. The street of great East∣cheape is so called of the market there kept, in the East parte of the city, as West cheape is a market so called of being in the west.* 1.635

This East cheape is now a flesh market of Butchers there dwelling, on both sides of the street, it had sometime also Cookes mixed amongst the Butchers, and such other as sold victuails rea∣die dressed of all sorts.* 1.636 For of old time when friends did meet, and were disposed to bee merie, they went not to dine and suppe in Ta∣uernes, for they dressed not meates to be sold, but the cookes, where they called for meate what them liked, which they alwayes found readie dressed at a reasonable rate, as I haue before shewed. In the yeare 1410. the 11. of Henry the 4. vpon the euen of S. Iohn Baptist, the kinges sonnes,* 1.637 Thomas, and Iohn being in East∣cheape at supper, (or rather at breakfast, for it was betwixt 2. and 3. of the clocke after midnight) a great debate happened between their men and other of the court, which lasted one houre, euen till the Mayor and Sheriffes with other cittizens appeased the same: for the which afterwards the said Mayor Aldermen and Sheriffes were sent for to answere before the king, his sonnes and diuers Lords, being highly moued against the cittie. At which time William Gascoyne, chiefe Iustice required the Mayor and Al∣dermen, for the citizens, to put them in the Kings grace: whereun∣to they answered that they had not offended, but (according to the law) had done their best in stinting debate, and maintayning of the peace: vpon which answere the king remitted all his ire, and dismissed them. And to proue this Eastcheape, to be a place reple∣nished with cookes, it may appeare by a song called London

licke pennie, made by Lidgate the Monke of Berrye, in the raigne of Henry the fift, in the person of a cuntreyman comming to London, and trauelling through the same: In westcheape* 1.638 (saith the song) he was called on to buy fine lawne, Paris thread, cotton Umple, and other linnen clothes and such like (he speaketh of no silkes) In Cornehill to buy olde apparel, and houshold stuffe, where he was forced to buy his owne hoode, which hee had lost in West∣minster hall: in Candlewright street Drapers profered him cheap cloth, in Eastcheape the cookes cryed hotte ribbes of beefe rosted, pyes well baked, and other victuailes: there was clattering of pots, harpe, pipe, and sawtry, yea by cocke, nay by cocke, for other greater oathes were spared: some sang of Ienken and Iulian &c. all which melodie liked well the passenger, but he wanted money to abide by it, and therefore gat him into Grauesend barge and home into Kent.* 1.639 Candlewright or Candlewicke street* 1.640 tooke that name (as may be supposed) eyther of Chaundlers or makers of candles, both of waxe and tallow: for Candlewright is a maker of candles, or of Wéeke which is the cotton or yearne thereof: or o∣therwise Wike, which is the place where they vse to work them, as Scalding wike by the stockes market was called of the Powl∣ters scalding and dressing their powltry there: and in diuers coun∣tries, Dayrie houses or cottages, wherein they make butter and cheese, are vsually called Wickes. There dwelled also of olde time diuers Weauers* 1.641 of woollen clothes, brought in by Edward the third. For I reade that in the 44. of his raigne the weauers brought out of Flaunders,* 1.642 were appointed their meetings to be in the churchyarde of S. Laurence Poultney, and the Weauers of Brabant in the churchyard of S. Mary Sommerset. There were then in this cittie weauers of diuers sortes. to wit, of Drapery, of Tapery, & Naperie. These weauers of Candlewright stréet be∣ing in short time worne out, their place is now possessed by rich Drapers sellers of woollen cloth, &c. On the North side of this warde, at the west end of East cheape haue ye S. Clements lane,* 1.643 a part whereof on both sides is of Candlewike stréet ward, to wit somewhat North beyond the parish church of S. Clement in East cheape. This is a small church, void of monuments, other then of Frauncis Barnam Alderman, who deceased 1575. and of Bene∣dick

Barnam his son, Alderman also 1598. Next is S. Nicholas lane for the most part on both sides of this ward, almost to S. Ni∣cholas church. Then is Abchurch lane,* 1.644 which is on both the sides, almost wholly of this ward, y^e parish church there (called of S. Ma∣rie Abchurch,* 1.645 Apechurch, or Upchurch, as I haue read it) standeth somewhat neere vnto the south ende thereof, on a rising ground: it is a faire church, and hath the monuments of Iohn Long Es∣quire of Bedfordshire 1442. Iohn Wikenson Alderman 1519. William Iawdrell Taylor, 1440. Sir Iames Hawse Mayor, 1574. Sir Iohn Branch Mayor, 1580. Iohn Miners, Willi∣am Kettle &c. On the South side of this warde, beginning againe at the East, is S. Nicholas lane* 1.646 which lane, is almost wholly of this ward, on both sides downe towards Thamestréete, to a wel or pump there, On the East side of this lane is crooked lane* 1.647 afore∣said by S. Michaels church, towards new fishstréet. One the most ancient house in this lane is called the leaden porch,* 1.648 and belonged somtime to Sir Iohn Merston knight: the 1. of Edward the 4. The parish church of this S. Michaels* 1.649 was somtime but a smal & homely thing, standing vpon part of that ground, wherein now standeth the parsonage house: and the ground there about was a filthy plot, by reason of the butchers in East chepe, who made the same their Laystall. Iohn Loueken stockfishmonger Maior buil∣ded in the same ground this faire church of S. Michaell and was there buried in the quire, vnder a faire tombe with the Images of him, and his wife in Alabaster: the said church hath béen since in∣creased with a new quire and side chaples by Sir William Wal∣worth stockfishmonger Mayor, somtime seruant to the foresaid Iohn Loueken, also the tombe of Loueken was remoued and a flat stone of grey marble garnished with plates of copper layde on him as it yet remaineth in the body of the church: this William Walworth is reported to haue slaine Iack Straw in Smithfield, and there to haue béen therefore knighted by the king, but that is not trew, for Iack Strawe being afterward taken, was first ad∣iudged by the said mayor, and then executed by the losse of his head in Smithfield, howbeit true it is that this William Walworth* 1.650 be∣ing a man wise, learned, and of an incomparable manhood arrested Watt Tiler a presumptuous rebell, vpon whom no man durst lay

whereby hee deliuered the King and kingdome from most wicked tiranie of Traitors. The Mayor* 1.651 arrested him on the head with a sound blow, whereupon Wat Tylar furiously stroke the Mayor with his dagger, but hurt him not, by reason he was well armed: the Mayor hauing receyued his stroke, drew his basiliarde, and grieuously wounded Wat in the neck, and withal gaue him a great blow on the head: in the which conflict an Esquire of the kinges house, called Iohn Cauendish drew his sword, and wounded Wat twise or thrise euen to the death: and Wat spurring his horse, cried to the commons to reuenge him: the horse bare him about 80. foot from the place, and there he fell downe halfe dead, and by and by they which attended on the king enuironed him about, so as hee was not seene of his company: many of them thrust him in in di∣uers places of his bodie, and drew him into the Hospitall of S. Bar∣tholomew, from whence againe the Mayor caused him to bee drawne into Smithfield, and there to be beheaded. In rewarde of this seruice, (the people being dispersed) the king commanded the Mayor to put a Basenet on his head, and the Mayor requesting why he should so do, the king answered, he being much bound vn∣to him would make him knight: the Mayor* 1.652 answered, that hee was neither worthy nor able to take such estate vpon him, for hee was but a Marchant & had to liue by his marchandise onely: not∣withstanding the king made him to put on his Basenet,* 1.653 and then with a sword in both his hands he strongly strake him on the neck as the manner was then, and the same day hee made thrée other citizens knights, for his sake in the same place: to wit, Iohn Phil∣pot, Nicholas Brembar, and Robert Launde Alderman.* 1.654 The king gaue to the Mayor 100.••. land by yere, & to each of the other 40.••. land yearely, to them and their heires for euer.

After this in the same yeare the said Sir William Walworth founded in the said parish church of S. Michael,* 1.655 a Colledge of a maister and 9. priestes or Chaplens, & deceased 1385. was there buried in the Chappell by the Quire: but his monument••* 1.656 being a∣mongst other by bad people defaced, in the raigne of Edward the 6. & againe since renued by the Fishmongers, who for lacke of know∣ledge, what before had beene written in his Epitaph, followed a fabulous booke, and wrote Iacke Straw in steed of Wat Tylar, & therefore haue I the more at large discoursed of this matter.

It hath also beene and is nowe growne to a common opinion, that in reward of this seruice done, by the said William Walworth against the rebell. King Richard added to the armes of this Cit∣tie (which was argent, a plaine crosse Gulas) a sword or dagger, (for so they terme it) whereof I haue read no such record, but ra∣ther that which soundeth to the contrary:* 1.657 For I finde that in the fourth yeare of Richard the second in a full assembly made in the vpper chamber of the Guildhall, summoned by this VVilliam Walworth, then Mayor, as well of Aldermen as of the common counsaile in euery ward, for certaine affaires concerning the king, it was there by common consent agreed and ordayned, that the old seale of the* 1.658 office of the Maioraltie of the citie being very smal, old, vnapt, & vncomely, for the honor of the city, should be broken, & one other new should be had, which the said Mayor commanded to be made artificially, & honorable for the exercise of the said office ther∣after in place of the other: in which new seale, besides the images of Peter, and Paule, which of olde were rudely engrauen, there should be vnder the feet of the said images, a shield of the armes of* 1.659 the said cittie perfectly graued, with two Lyons supporting the same with two sergeants of arms, an other parte, one & two taber∣nacles, in which aboue should stand two angels, between whom aboue the said images of Peter and Paule shall be set the glorious Uirgine: this being done, the old seale of the Office was deliuered to Richard Odiham Chamberlaine, who brake it, and in place thereof, was deliuered the new seale to the said Mayor to vse in his office, of maioraltie, as occasion should require. This new seale see∣meth to be made before W. Walworth was knighted, for he is not here intituled Sir, as afterwardes he was: and certaine it is that the same new seale then made, is now in vse and none other in that office of the Maioraltie: which may suffice to answere the former fable, without shewing of any euidence sealed with the olde seale, which was the crosse and sword as now &c.

Now the other monuments in that church Simon Mordon May∣or, 1368. was buried there, Iohn Olney Mayor 1446. Robert March Stockfishmonger gaue two péeces of grounde to bee a churchyarde: Iohn Radwell Stockefishmonger, buried 1415. George Gowre Esquire, son to Edward Gowre Stockfishmon∣ger Esquire, 1470. Alexander Purpoint Stockfishmonger,

1373. Andrew Burel Gentleman of Greyes Inne, 1487. Iohn Shrow Stockfishmonger 1487. With this Epitaph.

Farewell my friendes the tide abydeth no man I am departed hence, and so shall ye. But in this passage the best song that I can Is requiem eternam, now Iesu grant it me, VVhen I haue ended all mine aduersitie, Grant me in Paradise to haue a mansion, That shed••t the blood for my redemption.

Iohn Fenkell one of the Sheriffes, 1487. was knighted, and gaue 40.••. to this church, the one halfe for his monument. Iohn Pattes••ey Mayor, 1441. Thomas Ewen Grocer, bare halfe the charges in building of the stéeple, & was buried, 1501. William Combes Gent. of Stoke by Gilford in Surrey 1502. Sir Iohn Brudge Mayor, 1530. gaue 50.••. for a house called the Colledge* 1.660 in Crooked lane, he lyeth buried in S. Nicholas Hacon. Walter Faireford, Robert Barre, Alexander Heyband, Iohn Motte, Iohn Gramstone, Iohn Brampton, Iohn Wood Stockfishmon∣ger, 1531. Sir Henry Amcots Mayor, 1548. &c. Harde by this S. Michaels church, on the south side thereof, in the yeare 1560. on the 5. of Iuly through the shooting of a gun, which brake in the house* 1.661 of one Adrian Arten. a dutch man & set fire on a firkin and barrell of gunpowder, foure houses were blowen vp, and diuers o∣ther sore shattered: 11. men and women were slaine, and 16. so hurt and brused, that they hardly escaped with life.

West from this S. Michaels lane is S. Martins Orgar lane,* 1.662 by Candle wick stréet, which lane is on both sides downe to a well re∣plenished with faire and large houses for marchants, & it is of this ward: one of which houses was sometime called Beachamps Inne as pertaining vnto thē of that familie. Thomas Arundell Arch∣bishop of Canterburie, commonly for his time was lodged there.

The parish church of S. Martin Orgor* 1.663 is a smal thing. William Crowmer Mayor, builded a proper chappel on the south side ther∣of, and was buried there 1533. Iohn Mathew Mayor 1490. Sir William Huet Mayor, 1559. With his Ladie and daughter, wife to Sir Edward Osborne, Raph Tabinham Alderman, Alice wife to Thomas Winslow, Thorudon, Benedicke Reding, Thomas Harding, Iames Smith, Richard Gainford Esquire.

VVinslow Gent. Iohn Bold &c. Then is there one other lane called S. Laurence, of the parish church there. This lane down to the south side of the churchyard, is of Candlewicke streete warde. The parish church of S. Laurence* 1.664 was increased with a chappell of Iesus by Thomas Cole, for a maister and Chaplens, the which chappell and parish church was made a Colledge of Iesus, and of Corpus Christi, for a maister and seuen chaplens, by Iohn Poult∣ney mayor, and was confirmed by Edward the third, the 20. of his raigne, of him was this church called S. Laurence Poultney in Candlewickestréet, which Colledge was valued at 79.••.17.••.xj.•• and was surrendred in the raigne of Edward the sixt. Robert Rat∣cliffe Earle of Sussex, & Henry Ratcliffe Earle of Sussex, were buried there. Alderman Beswicke was buried there, Iohn Olyfe Alderman, Robert Browne & others. Thus much for this ward, & the antiquities thereof. It hath now an Alderman his Deputie, Common Counsellors 8 Constables 8. Scauengers 6. Warde∣mote inquest men 12. and a Beadle. It is taxed to the fifteene at xvj.pound.

VValbrooke ward.

WAlbrooke ward* 1.665 beginneth at the west end of Can∣dlewicke street ward. It runneth downe Candle∣wicke street west towardes Budge row. It hath on the north side thereof S. Swithens lane, so called of S. Swithens a parish Church by London stone: this lane is replenished on both the sides with faire builded houses, and is wholly of Walbrooke warde. The said parish church of S. Swithen* 1.666 standeth at the southwest corner of this lane, and hath beene lately new builded: for licence was procured to new builde & increase the said church & steeple, and churchyarde, in the yeare 1420. Sir Iohn Hend Draper Mayor was an especiall benefa∣ctor thereunto, as appeareth by his armes in the glasse windowes, euen in the tops of them, which is in a field siluer, a chefe Azure, a Lion passant siluer, a Cheueron azure, thrée Escalops siluer: he ly∣eth buried in the bodie of this church with a faire stone laid on him but the plates and other inscriptions are defaced, Roger Depham Alderman was buried there: Iohn Butler Draper one of the She∣riffes 1420. Raph Iocoline Mayor a benefactor buried in a faire tombe, William White Draper, one of the Sheriffes, 1482.

On the north side of this church and churchyard is one faire and large builded house, sometime pertaining to the Prior of Torting∣ton* 1.667 since that to the Earles of Oxford,* 1.668 & now to Sir Iohn Hart Alderman: which house hath a faire garden belonging thereunto, lying on the West side thereof. On the backe side of two other faire houses in Walbrook, in the raigne of Henry the seuenth, Sir Rychard Empson* 1.669 knight dwelled in the one of them, & Edmond Dudley Esquire in the other: eyther of them had a dore of enter∣course into this garden, wherein they met & consulted of matters at their pleasures. In this Oxford place Sir Ambrose Nicholas kept his mayoralty, & since him y^• said Sir Iohn Hart did likewise.

On the south side of this high street, neare vnto the channell, is pitched vpright a great stone called London stone* 1.670 fixed in the ground very deep, fastned with bars of iron, & otherwise so strong lie set, that if cartes do runne against it through negligence, the Wheeles be broken, and the stone it selfe vnshaken.

The cause why this stone was there set, the verie time when, or other memory hereof, is there none, but that the same hath long continued there, is manifest, namely since (or rather before) the time of the conquest: for in the ende of a fayre written Gospell booke giuen to Christes church in Canterburie, by Ethelstane king of the west Saxons, I finde noted of Landes or Rentes in London belonging to the saide church, whereof one parcell is de∣scribed, to ly neare vnto London stone.* 1.671 Of later time wee reade that in the yeare of Christ 1135. the first of king Stephen a fire which began in the house of one Ailwarde, neare vnto London stone consumed all east to Ealdegate, in the which fire the Priorie of the holy Trinitie was brent, & west to S. Erkenwalds shrine in Paules Church: and these be the eldest notes that I read therof.

Some haue saide this stone to haue beene set, as a marke in the middle of the cittie within the walles: but in truth it standeth farre nearer vnto the riuer of Thames, then to the wall of the ci∣ty, some others haue saide the same to bee set for the tendering and making of paymentes by debtors to their creditors, at their ap∣pointed daies, and times, till of later time, paymentes were more vsually made at the font in Pontes church, and now most com∣monly at the Royall Exchange, some againe haue imagined the same to bee set vp by one Iohn or Thomas Londonstone dwelling there against, but more likely it is, that such men haue

taken name of the stone, rather then ••he stone of them, as did Iohn at Noke, Thomas at Stile, William at Wall or at Well, &c.

Down west from this parish church and from London stone, haue yee Walbrooke corner: from whence runneth vp a streete, north to the Stockes, called Walbrooke, because it standeth on the east side of the same brooke by the banke thereof, and the whole warde taketh name of that streete.* 1.672 On the east side of this streete and at the north corner thereof, is the stockes market, which had this beginning. Aboute the yeare of Christ 1282. Henry Wales Maior, caused diuers houses in this Citie to be builded to∣wardes the maintenance of London bridge, namely one voide place neare vnto the parish church, called Woole church, on the north side thereof, where sometime (the way being very large and broade) had stoode a payre of stockes,* 1.673 for punishment of offendors, this building tooke name of these stockes, and was appointed by him, to bee a market place for fish and flesh in the midst of the ci∣ty, other houses he builded in other places, as by the patent of Ed∣ward the first, it doth appeare dated the 10. of his raign. After this in the yeare 1322. the 17. of Edwarde the second a decree was made by Hamond Chickwell Maior, that none should sell fish or flesh out of the markets appointed, to wit Bridge streete,* 1.674 East cheape, Olde fishstreete, S. Nicholas shambles, and the said Stocks vpon pain to forfeite such fish or flesh as were sold, for the first time, and the second time to loose their freedom, which act was made by commandemēt of the king vnder his letters patents dated at the Tower, the 17. of his raign, and then was this stockes let to ferme for six and fortie pound thirteene shillinges foure pence by the yeare. This Stockes market was again begunne to be builded in the yeare 1410. in the 11. of Henry the 4. and was cleane finished in the yeare next following.* 1.675 In the yeare 1543. Iohn Coutes being Maior, there was in this Stockes market for Fishmongers 25. boordes or stalles which rented yearely to thirty foure pound thirteene shillinges foure pence, there were for Butchers 18. boordes or stalles rented at 41.••.16.••.4.••, and there were also chambers aboue, 16. rented at 5.••.13,••.4.••.* 1.676

Next vnto this Stockes is the parish church of S. Mary Woll Church, so called of a Beame placed there, euen in the church yard (as it seemeth) for the same was thereof called Wooll church Haw, of the Tronage, or weighing of Woole there vsed, and to

verifie this, I finde amongst the customes of London, written in French, in the raigne of Edwarde the second, a chapter intituled Les customes de Wolchurch haw, wherein is set downs what was there to be paide for euery Parcell of Wooll weighed. This Tronage or weighing of Wool* 1.677 till the sixt of Richard the secōd, was there continued, and vntill that Iohn Churchman builded the custome house vpon Woolkey, to serue for the said Tronage, as is before shewed in the Towerstreete warde: This church is reasonable fayre and large, and was latelie new builded, by li∣cence granted in the 20. of Henry the sixt, with condition to bee builded 15. foote from the Stockes market for sparing of light to the same. The Parson of this church is to haue foure markes the yeare for Tith of the saide Stockes, paide him by the maisters of the Bridge house, by a speciall decree made the second of Henry the seuenth. Iohn Wingar Grocer Maior, 1504, was a greate helper to the building of this church, and was there buried 1505. he gaue vnto it by his Testament, two large Basons of siluer, & 20.••. in money, also Richarde Shore Draper, one of the She∣riffes 1505. Was a great benefactor in his life, and by his Testa∣ment gaue 20.••. to make a portch at the west end thereof, and was there buried, Richard Hatfield of Steplemordē in Cambridge shire, lieth intombed there, 1467. Edwarde Deoly Esquier, 1467. Iohn Handford Grocer, made the Fount of that church very curiously wrought, painted and guilded, and was there buried: Iohn Archer Fishmonger 1487. &c. From the Stockes market, and this Parrish Church East vp into Lombarde streete, some seauen or eight houses on a side, and also on the south side of Woll Church, haue yee Bearebinder lane,* 1.678 which is of this Walbrooke warde, then downe lower in the stréete called Wal∣brooke is one other fayre Church of S. Stephen, lately builded on the east side thereof, for the olde church stoode on the west side, in place where now standeth the Parsonage house, and therefore so much nearer, the brooke euen on the banke. Robert Chichley Maior in the yeare 1428. the sixt of Henry the sixt, gaue to this Parrish of S, Stephen* 1.679 one plot of ground, contayning 208, foote and a halfe in length, and 66. foote in bredth, thereupon to builde their new church, and for their churchyarde: and in the seuenth of Henry: the sixt, the saide Robert one of the founders, laide the first stone for him selfe, the second for William Stondon Maior,

with whose goodes the ground that the church standeth on, and the housing with the ground of the churchyarde was bought by the saide Chichley for 200. markes, from the Grocers which had beene letten before for 26. markes the yeare. Robert Wittin∣gham Draper laide the thirde stone, Henry Barton then Mai∣or &c. The said Chichley gaue more 100.••. to the saide worke, and bare the charges of all the timber worke on the Procession way, and layd the lead vpon it of his owne cost, hee also gaue all the timber for the rooffing of the two side Iles, and paide for the carriage thereof. This church was finished in the yeare 1439. the bredth thereof is 67. foote, and length 125. foote, the church yarde 90. foote, in length, and 37. in bredth and more. Robert Wittingham (made knight of the Bath) in the yeare 1432. pur∣chased the patronage of this church from Iohn Duke of Bedford, vnckle to Henry the sixt, and Edwarde the fourth, in the second of his raigne, gaue it to Richarde Lee, then Maior There be monumentes in this church of Thomas Southwell first Parson of this new church, who lieth in the quier, Iohn Dunstable Mai∣ster of Astronomie, and Musicke in the yeare 1453. Sir Richard Lee Maior, who gaue the saide Patronage to the Grocers, Sir Rowland Hill Maior, 1549. Sir Thomas Pope first Treasur∣er of the augmentations, with his wife dame Margaret. Iohn Kirkbie Grocer 1578. Sir Iohn Cootes Maior, 1542, Sir Iohn Yorke knight, Marchant Taylor,1549. Edward Iack∣man Sheriffe, 1564, Richarde Achley Grocer, Doctor Owyn Phisition to king Henry the eight, and others.

Lower downe from this parish church bee diuers fayre houses namely one wherein of late Sir Richard Baker a knight of Kent was lodged, and one wherein dwelled maister Thomas Gore a marchant famous for Hospitality. On the West side of this Walbrooke streete, ouer against the Stockes market, is a parte of the high streete, called the Poultrie, on the south side west, till ouer against S. Mildredes Church, and the Skalding Wike, is of this warde. Then downe againe Walbrooke stréete some small distance, is Buckles Bury, a streete so called of Buckle* 1.680 that sometime was owner thereof, part of which streete, on both sides 3. or 4. houses to the course of the Brooke is of this warde, and so downe Walbrooke streete, to the south corner: from whence west downe Budge Row, some small distance to an Alley

and through that Alley south by the west ende of S. Iohns church vpon Walbrooke, by the south side, and east end of the same, again to Walbrooke corner. This parrish church is called S. Iohn vpon Walbrooke, because the west ende thereof is on the verie banke of Walbrooke, by Horshew Bridge,* 1.681 a Bridge ouer the Brooke in Horsebridge lane. This church was also lately new builded: for aboute the yeare 1412. licence was granted by the Maior, and Comminalty, to the Parson and Parish there, for the enlarging thereof, with a peece of ground on the north part of the Quire, 21. foot, in length, 17. foot, in bredth, & 3. inches, & on the south side the Quire, one foot of the common soyle: There bee no monuments in this church of any account, onely William Com∣barton Skinner, who gaue lands to that church, was there buri∣ed, 1410. and Iohn Stone Taylor one of the Sheriffes 1464. was likewise buried there. On the south side of Walbrooke warde from Candlewicke streete, in the mid way betwixt Lon∣don stone, and Walbrooke corner, is a little lane with a turne∣pike in the middest thereof, and in the same a proper parish church called S. Mary Bothaw,* 1.682 or Boatehaw, by the Erber: this church being neare vnto Downgate on the riuer of Thames, hath the addition of Boathaw or Boat haw, of neare adioyning to an haw or yarde wherein of old time, boates were made, and landed from Downgate to be mended, as may be supposed, for other reason I finde none why it should be so called. Within this Church, and the small Cloistrie adioyning, diuers noble men and persons of worship haue beene buried, as appeareth both by Armes in the windowes, by the defaced Tombes, and printe of plates torne vp and carried away, there remaine onely, of Iohn West Esquier, buried there in the year 1408. Thomas Huntley Es∣quier 1539. but his monument is defaced. The Erbar* 1.683 is an ancient place so called, but is not of Walbrooke warde, and therefore out of that lane, to Walbrooke corner, and then downe till ouer against the south corner of S. Iohns church vpon Walbrooke. And this is all that I can say of Walbrooke warde. It hath an Alderman, and his Deputy, common Counsellors eleuen, Con∣stables, nine, Scauengers six, for the Wardmote inquest, thirteen and a Beadle, it is taxed to the fifeteene in London, to forty pound and in the Exchequer to thirty nine pound.

Downgate warde.

DOwngate warde* 1.684 beginneth at the southend of Walbrooke warde, ouer against the east corner of S. Iohns Church, vpon Walbrooke, and descen∣deth on both the sides to Downgate, on the Thames, and is so called of that downe going or descending thereunto: and of this Downgate the warde taketh name. This warde turneth into Thames street westwarde, some ten houses on a side, to the course of Walbrooke but east in Thames streete, on both sides to Ebgate or old swan, and o∣uer against Cbgate the land side hath many lanes turning, as shal be shewed, but first, to begin with the high streete called Dow∣gate at the vpper end thereof, is a fayre Conduite of Thames wa∣ter, castellated, and made in the yeare 1568, at charges of the Citizens, and is called the Conduit vpon Downgate.* 1.685 The descent of this streete, from the said Conduite to the watergate, called Downgate, is such that in the yere 1574. on the fourth of Sep∣tember in the afternoon there fell a storme of raine, where through the channels suddenly arose, and ran with such a swift course to∣wards the common Shores, that a lad of 18. yeres old* 1.686 minding to haue leapt ouer y^• channel near vnto the said Conduite was taken with the stream, & carried from thence towards the Thames with such a violence that no man with staues, or otherwise could stay him, till he came against a cart wheele, that stoode in the saide water gate, before which time he was drowned, & starke dead. On the west side of this streete, is the Tallow Chandlers hall, a very proper house, which Companie was incorporated in the se∣cond yeare of Edwarde the fourth. Somewhat lower standeth the Skinners hall, a very fayre house, also which was sometime called Copped hall* 1.687 by Downgate in the parish of S, Iohn vppon Walbrooke. In the 19. yeare of Edwarde the second, Ralph Cobham possessed it with fiue shops, &c.

Then was there a Colledge of Priests called Ihesus Commons,* 1.688 a house well furnished with brasse, pewter, napery plate, &c. be∣sides a fayre Library well stored with bookes, all which of olde

time was giuen to a number of Priestes, that should kéepe com∣mons there, and as one left his place by death, or otherwise, an other should be admitted into his roome, but this order within this thirty yeares being discontinued, the saide house was dissol∣ued, and turned to Tenementes.

Down lower haue ye Elbow lane,* 1.689 and at the corner therof was one great stone house, called Olde hall, it is now taken downe, and diuers fayre houses of Timber placed there, this was sometime pertayning to VVilliam de pont le arch,* 1.690 and by him giuen to the Priorie of S. Mary Ouery in Southwarke, in the raigne of Henry the first. In this Elbow lane is the Inholders hall,* 1.691 and other fayre houses: this lane runneth west, and sudden∣ly turneth south into Thames street, and therefore of that ben∣ding is called Elbow lane. On the east side of this Downgate streete, is the great olde house, before spokn of, called the Erber,* 1.692 neare to the Church of S. Mary Bothaw, Geffery Scroope held it, by the gift of Edward the third, in the fourteenth of his raigne, it belonged since to Iohn Neuell Lord of Raby, then to Richard Neuell Earle of Warwicke, Neuell, Earle of Salis∣bery was lodged there, 1457. then it came to George Duke of Clarence, by the gift of Edwarde the fourth, in the fourteenth of his raigne, it was lately new builded by Sir Thomas Pullison Maior, and was afterwarde inhabited by Sir Frances Drake, that famous Warrier. Next to this great house, is a lane turning to Bush lane, (of olde time called Carter lane, of Carts, and Car men hauing stables there) and now called Chequer lane, or Chequer Alley, of an Inne called the Chequer.

In Thames streete, on the Thames side west from Downe∣gate is Greenewitch lane* 1.693 of old time so called, and now Fryer lane of such a signe there set vp. In this lane is the Ioynars hall.* 1.694 and other fayre houses. Then is Granthams lane so called of Iohn Grantham somtime Maior and owner thereof, whose house was very large and strong, builded of ston, as appeareth by gates arched yet remaining, Ralph Dodmer, first a Brewer, then a Mercer Maior 1529. dwelled there, and kept his Maioralty, in that house, it is now a Brewhouse, as it was afore.

Then is Dowgate whereof is spoken in an other place. East

from this Downgate, is Cosin lane,* 1.695 named of one William Co∣sin that dwelled there, in the fourth of Richarde the second, as diuers his Predicessors, Father, Grandfather, &c. had done before him. William Cosin dwelling there, was one of the She∣riffes, in the yeare, 1306. the 34. of Edwarde the 1. That house standeth at the south end of the lane, hauing an olde and artificiall conuayance of Thames water into it, and is now a Dyehouse called Lambardes messuage. Adioyning to that house, there was lately erected an engine, to conuey Thames water vnto Down∣gate Conduite aforesaide.* 1.696 Next to this lane on the East, is the Stele house, or Stele yarde* 1.697 (as they terme it) a place for Mar∣chahtes of Almaine, that vsed to bring hether, as well Wheate, Rie, and other graines, as Cables, Ropes, Mastes, Pitch, Tar, Flax, Hempe, Wainscotes, Wax, Steele, and other profitable marchandires: vnto these Marchantes, in the yeare 1259. Henry the thirde, in the 44. of his raigne, at the request of his brother Richarde Earle of Cornwell, king of Almaine, granted that all and singular the marchantes, hauing a house in the Citie of Lon∣don, commonlie called Guilda Aula Theutonicorum,* 1.698 should be maintayned and vpholden through the whole Realm, by all such Freedomes, and free vsages, or Liberties, as by the king and his noble Progenitors time they had and inoyed, &c. Edwarde the first renewed and confirmed that Charter of Liberties, granted by his Father. And in the tenth yeare of the same Edward, Hen∣ry Wales being Maior, a great contreuersie did arise betweene the saide Maior, and the marchantes of the Haunce of Almaine, a∣bout the reparations of Bishopsgate then likely to fall, for that the saide marchantes enioyed, diuers Priuiledges, in respect of maintayning the saide gate, which they now denied to repaire: for the appeasing of which controuersie the king sent his writ to the Treasurer, and Barons of his Exchequer, commanding that they should make inquisition thereof, before whom the marchants being called, when they were not able to discharge themselues, sith they inioyed the liberties to them granted, for the same, a pre∣cept was sent to the Maior, and Sheriffes, to distraine the saide marchantes, to make the reparasions, namely Gerard Marbod Alderman of the Hance, Ralph, de Cussarde a Citizen of Col∣len,

Ludero de Deneuar, a Burges of Triuar, Iohn of Aras, a Burges of Triuon, Bart••am of Hamburdge, Gadestalke of Hundondale, a Burges of Triuon, Iohn de Dele a Burges of Munstar, then remaining in the saide Citie of London: for them selues, and all other marchantes of the Haunce, and so they gran∣ted 210. markes sterlinges, to the Maior and Citizens, and vn∣dertooke that they and their successors should from time to time repayre the saide gate, and beare the thirde parte of the charges in money, and men to defend it when neede were, and for this agree∣ment the saide Maior and Citizens granted to the saide marchants their liberties, which till of late they haue inioyed, as namely a∣mongst other, that they might lay vp their grayne which they brought into this realme in Innes, & sell it in their garners, by the space of 40. daies after* 1.699 they had laid it vp: except by the Mayor & citizens they were expresly forbidden, because of dearth or other reasonable occasions. Also they might haue their Alderman as they had béene accustomed, foreséene alwaies that hee were of the citie, and presented to the Mayor and Aldermen of the cittie so oft as any should bee chosen, and should take an othe before them to maintaine iustice in their courts, and to behaue themselues in their office according to law, and as it stoode with the customes of the citie. Thus much for their priuiledges: whereby it appeareth that they were great marchants of corne brought out of the east parts hether, in so much that the occupiers of husbandry in this lande were enforced to complaine of them for bringing in such aboun∣dance, when the corne of this realme was at an easie price: where∣vpon it was ordayned by parliament* 1.700 that no person shoulde bring into any part of this realme, by way of merchandise, any wheate, Rie, or Barlie, growing out of the said realme at any time, when then the quarter of wheat exceeded not the price of vj.••.viij.••.Rie iiij.••.the quarter, & Barlie iij.••.the quarter, vpon for••eyture the one halfe to the king, the other halfe to the seasor thereof. These merchants of the Haunce had their Guildhall in Thames stréet in place aforesaid, by the saide Cosin lane. Their hall is large builded of stone with three arched gates towardes the stréet, the middle∣most whereof is far bigger then the other, & is seldome opened, & the other two be mured vp, the same is now called the old hall.

Of later time to wit, in the 6. of Richard the 2. they hired one

house next adioyning to their old hall, which sometime belonged to Richard Lions a famous Lapidary, one of the Sheriffes of Lon∣don in the 49. of Edward the 3. & in the 4. of Richard the 2. by the rebels of Kent, drawne out of that house, and beheaded in West Cheape: this also was a great house with a large wharfe on the Thames, and the way thereunto was called Windgoose or Wild∣goose lane,* 1.701 which is now called Windgoose alley, for that the same alley is for the most part builded on by the stilyard marchants.

The Abbot of S. Albons had a messuage heere with a Key gi∣uen to him in the 34. of Henry the 6. Then is one other great house which sometime pertained to Iohn Reynwel Stockfishmon∣ger Mayor, and it was by him giuen to the Mayor, and commu∣naltie to the end that the profits thereof should be disposed in déedes of pietie: which house in the 15. of Edward the fourth, was confir∣med vnto the said marchants in manner following vz.* 1.702 It is orday∣ned by our soueraigne Lord and his parliament, that the said mer∣chantes of Almaine, being of the company called the Guildhall Teutonicorū, that now be or hereafter shal be, shal haue hold and enioy to them and their successors for euer, the said place called, the stele house, yéelding to the Mayor and communalty an annual rent of 70. pound, 3. shillings, foure pence, &c.

In the yeare 1551. and the fift of Edward the sixt through com∣plaint of our English marchantes, the liberties of the stilyarde* 1.703 marchants was seised into the kings hands, and so it resteth.

Then is church lane,* 1.704 at the west end of Alhallows church cal∣led Alhallowes the more* 1.705 in Thames stréet, for a difference from Alhallowes the lesse in the same stréete: it is also called Alhal∣lowes ad foenum in the Ropery, because hay sold néere thereunto at hey wharse, and of ropes of olde time made or solde in the high street. This is a faire church with a large cloyster on the South side thereof about their churchyard, but foulely defaced & ruinated. The church also hath had many faire monuments, but now defa∣ced: there remayneth in the quire some plates on graue stones on these persons, namely of William Lichfield, Doctor of Diuinity, who deceased the yeare 1447. he was a great student, and compi∣led many books both morall and diuine, in prose and in verse, name∣ly one intituled the complaint of God vnto sinfull man. He made in his time 3083. sermons, as appeared by his own hand writing,

and were founde when hee was dead. One other plate there is of Iohn Brickles Draper, who deceased in the yere 1451. he was a great benefactor to that church, and gaue by his testament cer∣taine tenements, to the reliefe of the poore &c. At the East ende of this church goeth downe a lane, called hey wharfe lane,* 1.706 now late∣ly a gret brewhouse was builded there by one Pot: Henry Campi∣on Esquire, a Béere brower vsed it, & so doth Abraham his sonne now possesseth it. Then was there one other lane sometime cal∣led Wolses gate,* 1.707 now out of vse, for the lower part thereof vpon the bank of Thames is builded vpon by the late Earle of Shrews∣bury, and the other end is builded on and stopped vp by the Cham∣barlaine of London. Iohn Butler Draper one of the Sheriffes in the yeare 1420. dwelled there: he appointed his house to be sold and the price therof to be giuen to the poore, it was of Alhallowes parish the lesse. Then is there the said parish church of Alhallows* 1.708 called the lesse, and by some Alhallowes on the sellers, for it stan∣deth on vaults: it is said to be builded by Sir Iohn Poultney some∣times Mayor, the stéeple and quire of this Church standeth on an arched gate, being the entry to a great house called Colde Har∣brough:* 1.709 the quire of late being fallen down, is now again at length in the yere 1594. by the parishioners new builded. Touching this Cold Harbrough, I find that in the 13. of Edward the 2. Sir Iohn Abel knight, demised or let vnto Henry Stow Draper all that his capitall messuage called the Colde Harbrough in the parish of Al∣saints ad foenum, and all the purtenances within the gate, with the key which Robert Hartford citizen, sonne to William Hart∣ford had, and ought, and the foresaid Robert paid for it the rent of 33.••. the yeare. This Robert Hartford being owner thereof, as also of other landes in Surrey, deceasing without issue male, left two daughters his coheires, to wit, Idonia, married to Rir Raph Bigo••, and Maude maried to Sir Stephen Cosenton knightes, betwéene whom the said house and lands were parted. After the which Iohn Bigot sonne to the said Sir Raph, and Sir Iohn Co∣senton didsel their moities of Cold Harbrough vnto Iohn Poult¦ney son of Adam Poultney the 8. of Edward the thirde. This Sir Iohn Poultney dwelling in this house, and being foure times Mayor, the said house tooke the name of Poultneyes Inne. Not∣withstanding this Sir Iohn Poultney the 21. of Edward the 3.

by his charter gaue and confirmed to Humfrey de Bohume earle of Hereford and Essex, his whole tenement called Colde Har∣brough, with all the tenements and key adioyning, & apurtenances sometime pertayning to Robert de Hereford, on the way called Hey wharfe lane &c. for one Rose at Midsomer, to him and to his heires for all seruices, if the same were demanded. This Sir Iohn Poultney deceased 1349. and left issue by Margaret his wife, William Poultney, who died without issue, and Margaret his mother was maried to Sir Nicholas Louell knight &c. Phillip. S. Cleare gaue two messuages pertaining to this Cold Harbrough, in the Ropery, towards the inlarging of the parish church, and churchyard, of All saynts, called the lesse in the 20. of Richard the 2. In the yeare 1397. the 21. of Richard the 2. Iohn Hol∣land Earle of Huntington was lodged there, and Richard the 2. his brother dined with him, but in the next yere following I find y^• Edmond Earle of Cambridge had this house & was there lodged in the yeare 1398. notwithstanding the said house stil retained the name of Poultneyes Inne, in the raigne of Henry the 6. the 26. of his raigne, and not otherwise. It belonged fithence to H. Hol∣land Duke of Excester, and hee was lodged there in the yeare 1472. In the yeare 1485. Richard the third by his letters Pat∣tents granted and gaue to Iohn Writh, alias Garter, principall king of Armes of English men, and to the rest of the kinges Her∣ralds and Pursiuantes of armes, all that messuage with the apur∣tenances, called Cold Erber in the parish of All saints, the little in London, and to their successors for euer. Dated at Westminster the 2. of March, anno regni primo without fine or fée: how y^• said Herralds departed therewith I haue not read, but in the raigne of H the eight. Cuthbert Tunstal Bishop of Durham, was lodged there, since the which time it hath belonged to the earls of Shrews∣bury, by composition (as is supposed) from the saide Cuthbert Tunstall. The last deceased Earle tooke it down, & in place thereof builded a great number of smal tenements now letten out for great rents, to people of all sorts. Then is the Dyers Hall* 1.710 made a bro∣therhood or Euild in the fourth of Henry the sixt and appointed to consist of a gardian or warden and a communalty the 12. of Ed∣ward the 4. Then be there diuers large Brewhowses, and others till ye come to Ebgate lane, where that ward endeth in the East,

On the North side of Thames street be diuers lanes also, the first is at the south ende of Elbow lane, before spoken of, West from Downegate, ouer against Gréenwich lane: then bee diuers faire houses for merchants and others all along that side. The next lane east from Downegate is called Bush lane,* 1.711 which turneth vp to Candlewicke stréete, and is of Downegate warde. Next is Suf∣folke lane,* 1.712 likewise turning vp to Candlewicke street, in this lane is one notable Grammer schoole, founded in the yeare 1561. by the maister, wardens and assistants of the Merchantaylors,* 1.713 in the parish of Saint Laurence Poultney. Richard Hilles somtime maister of that company, hauing before giuen 500. pound towards the purchase of an house, called the Mannor of the Rose,* 1.714 sometime belonging to the Duke of Buckingham, wherin the said schoole is kept. Then is there one other lane which turneth vp to S. Lau∣rence hill, and to the southwest corner of S. Laurence* 1.715 churchyard: then one other lane called Poultney lane,* 1.716 that goeth vp (of this warde) to the southeast corner of S. Laurence churchyard, and so downe again, and to the west corner of S. Martin Orgar lane, and ouer against Ebgate lane, and this is all of Downegate ward, the thirtéenth in number lying East, from the water course of Wal∣brook, and hath not any one house of the west side of the said brook. It hath an Alderman, his Deputie, Common Counsellors nyne, Constables 8. Scauengers 5. for the Wardemote inquest 14. and Bedle, it is taxed to the fiftéene in London at 36. pound, and in the Exchequer at 34.••.10 ••.

Wardes on the west side of Walbrooke, and first of Vintry warde.

NOw I am to speake of the other wards, twelue in number, all lying on the west side of the course of Walbrooke: and first of the Vintry ward,* 1.717 so called of Uintners, and of the Uintrie, a part of the banke of the Riuer of Thames, where the merchantes of Burdeaux craned their wines, out of Lighters, and other vesselles, and there landed and made sale of them within fortie daies after, vntill the 28. of Edward the first, at which time the saide merchantes com∣plained that they could not sell their wines, paying poundage, nei∣ther

ther hire houses or sellers to lay them in, and it was redressed by vertue of the kings writ, directed to the Mayor and Sheriffes of London, dated at Carla Veroke (or Carlile) since the which time many fair & large houses with vaults & sellers for stowage of wines and lodging of the Burdeaux merchants haue been builded in place, where before time were Cookes houses: for Fitzstephen in the raigne of Henry the 2. writeth, that vpon the riuers side, betwéene the wine in shippes, and the wine to be sold in tauernes, was a common cookerie or cookes row. &c. as in another place I haue set downe: whereby it appeareth that in those daies (and till of late time) euery man liued by his professed trade,* 1.718 not any one interrupting an other. The cookes dressed meate, and sold no wine, and the Tauerner sold wine, and dressed no meat for sale &c. This warde beginneth in the East, at the west end of Downgate ward, as the water course of Walbrooke parteth them, to wit at Gran∣thams lane, on the Thames side, and at Elbow lane on the lande side: it runneth along in Thames stréete west, some thrée houses beyond the old Swan, a Brewhouse on the Thames side, and on the land side some thrée houses west, beyond S. Iames at Garlicke Hith. In breadth this ward stretcheth from the Uintrie North to the wall of the West gate of the Tower Royall: the other North part is of Cordwayner stréete Warde. Out of this Roy∣all streete by the South gate of Tower Royall runneth a small stréete, east to S. Iohns vpon Walbrooke, which stréete is called Horshewbridge,* 1.719 of such a bridge sometime ouer the brooke there, which is now vaulted ouer. Then from the said south gate west, runneth one other stréete, called Knightriders stréete,* 1.720 by S. Tho∣mas Apostles church, on the north side, and Wringwren lane, by the said church, at the west end thereof, and to the East end of the Trinitie Church, in the said Knightriders street, where this ward endeth, on that south side the stréet: but on the north side it runneth no farther then the corner against the new builded Tauerne, and other houses, in a plot of ground, where somtime stoode Ormond place, yet haue yee one other lane lower downe in Royall stréete, stretching from ouer against S. Michaels church, to, and by the North side of S. Iames Church by Garlike Hith, this is called Ke∣rion lane,* 1.721 and thus much for the boundes of Uintrie ward. Now on the Thames side west from Granthams lane, haue ye Herber¦lane,* 1.722

or Brikels lane, so called of Iohn Brikels, sometime owner thereof. Then is Simpsons lane of one Simpson, or Emperors head lane of such a signe: then the thrée Cranes lane,* 1.723 so called not onely of a signe of 3. Cranes, at a Tauerne dore, but rather of 3. strong Cranes of timber, placed on the Uintrie wharfe by the Thames side, to crane vp wines there, as is afore shewed: this lane was of old time, to wit, the 9. of Richard the 2. called pain∣ted Tauerne lane, of the Tauerne being painted. Then next ouer against S. Martins church, is a large house builded of stone, and timber with vaults for the stowage of wines, & is called the Uin∣try.* 1.724 There dwelled Iohn Gisers Uintner, Mayor of London and Constable of the Tower, and then was Henry Picard Uintner, Mayor. In this house Henry Picard feasted 4. kinges in one day (as in my Summarie I haue shewed.) Then next is Uanners lane, so called of one Vannar* 1.725 that was owner thereof, it is now called church lane, of the comming vp from the wharfe to S. Mar∣tins church. Next is Brode lane* 1.726 for that the same is broder for the passage of carts, from the Uintry wharfe, then bee the other lanes. At the Northwest corner of this lane, is the parish clearks hall,* 1.727 lately by them purchased, since they lost their old hall in Bi∣shopsgate stréet. Next is Spittle lane* 1.728 of old time so called, since Stodies lane of the owner thereof, named Stodie. Sir Iohn Sto∣die Uintner Mayor in the yeare 1357. gaue it with all the Qua∣drant, wherein Uintners hall* 1.729 now standeth, with the tenements round about vnto the Uintners: the Uintners builded for them∣selues a faire hall there, and also 13. Almes houses,* 1.730 for 13. poore people, which are kept of charitie, rent frée. These Uintners as well Englishmen as strangers borne, were of old time great Bur∣deaux merchants, of Gascoyne* 1.731 & French wines, diuers of them were Mayors of this cittie, namely Iohn Adrian Uintner, Re∣ginald at Conduct, Iohn Oxenford, Henry Picard that feasted the kings of England, France, Scotland, & Ciprus. Iohn Studie that gaue Stodios lane to the Uintners: the foure last were May∣ors in the raigne of Edwarde the thirde, and yet Gascoine wines were then to be sold at London, not aboue iiij.pence, nor Reynish wine aboue sixe pence the gallon.* 1.732 William More Uintner May∣or, in the raigne of Richard the second. In the raigne of Henry the fourth, the young prince Henry, Thomas Duke of Clarence,

Iohn Duke of Bedford, and Humfrey Duke of Glocester, the kings sonnes, being at supper amongst the merchants of London in the vintrie, in the house of Lewes Iohn, Henry Schogan* 1.733 sent to them a ballad beginning thus.

My noble sonnes and eke my Lords deare, I your father, called vnworthely, Send vnto you, this ballad following here, Written with mine owne hande full rudely, Although it be that I not reuerently Haue written to your estates, I you pray Mine vncunning, taketh benignely, For Gods sake, and hearken what I say.

Then follow of verse 23. staues, containing a persuasion from losing of time, follily in lust, & vice, but to spend the same in vertue and in godlines, as ye may reade in Geffrey Chawcer* 1.734 his works lately printed. The successors of those Uintners and wine Draw∣ers that retailed by the gallons, pottell, quart, and pynte, were all incorporated by the name of wine tunners,* 1.735 in the 15. of Henry the sixt. Hauing thus much not without trauaile, & some charges noted for the antiquitie of these Uintners,* 1.736 about two yeares since or more I repayred to the common hall of that company, and there shewed, and read it in a court of Assistance, requiring them as being one of the principall companies in this cittie (of whome I meant therfore to write the more at large) if they knew any more which might ••ound to their worship or commendation, at their leysure to send it me, and I wold ioyne it to my former collection: at which time I was answered by some that tooke vpon them the speech, that they were none of the principall, but of the inferiour companies, and so willing me to leaue them I departed, and neuer since heard from them, which hath somewhat discouraged me any farther to trauail amongst the companies to learne ought at their hands. Next is Palmers lane nowe called Anchor lane:* 1.737 the plummers haue their hal there, but are tennants to the Uintners. Then is Worcester house,* 1.738 sometimes belonging to the Earles of Worcester, nowe diuided into many tenementes. Then is the Old swanne,* 1.739 a great Brewhouse: And this is all on the Thames side, that I can note in this ward.

On the land side in the royall stréete is Pater noster lane,* 1.740 and

the faire parish church of S. Michael called Pater noster church in the Royal: this church was new builded and made a colledge of S. Spirit, and S. Mary, founded by Richard Whittington Mercer, 4. times Mayor, for a maister, 4. fellowes maisters of Art, clearks, conducts, chorists, &c. and an almes house called Gods house, or hospitall* 1.741 for thirtéene poore men, one of them to be Tutor, and to haue xvj.••.the wéek the other twelue each of them to haue xiiij.••. the wéeke for euer, with other necessary prouisions, an hutch with thrée lockes, a common seale &c.

These were (as the manner was then) bound to pray for the good estate of Richard Whitington, and Alice his wife their founders, and for Sir William Whitington knight, and Dame Ioan his wife, and for Hugh Fitzwaren, and Dame Molde his wife, the fathers and mothers of the saide Richard Whitington, and Alice his wife, for king Richarde the second, and Thomas of Wodstocke Duke of Glocester, speciall Lordes and Promo∣ters of the saide Richarde Whitington, &c. The licence for this foundation was granted by king Henry the fourth the eleuenth of his raigne, and in y^• twelfth of the same kings raigne, the Maior and Commonalty of London, granted to Richarde Whitington a vacant peece of ground, thereon to builde his Colledge in the Royall, all which was confirmed by Henry the sixt, the thirde of his raigne, to Iohn Couentrie, Ienkin Carpenter, and William Groue Executors to Richard VVhitington. This foundation was againe confirmed by Parliament, the tenth of Henry the 6 and was suppressed by the statute of Edwarde the 6.

The Almsehouses with the poore men do remaine, and are paide by the Mercers, this Richarde Whitington,* 1.742 was in this Church three times buried first by his Executors vnder a fayre monument, then in the raigne of Edwarde the 6. the Parson of that Church thinking some great riches (as he saide) to be buried with him, caused his monument to be broken, his body to bee spoi∣led of his Leaden sheete, an•• againe the second time to bee buried: and in the raign of Queene Mary, the parishioners were forced to take him vp to lap him in leade as afore to bury him the thirde time, and to place his monument, or the like ouer him againe, which remaineth and so hee resteth. Thomas Windford Alder∣man, was buried in this Church, 1448. Arnold Macknam

Uintener, a merchant of Burdious. 1457. Sir Hacre Tanke, or Hartancleux knight of the Garter, Sir Edmond Mulshew knight, neare to Thomas Cokham Recorder of London, the Lady Kyme, Sir William Oldhall knight, 1460. William Barnocke, Sir Iohn Yong Grocer Maier, 1466. Agnes daugh∣ter to Sir Iohu Yong, first maried to Robert Sherington, after to Robert Mulleneux, then to VVilliam Cheynne•• Esqui∣er, Iohn Hauing Gentleman, William Roswel Esquier, Wil∣liam Postar Clarke of the Crowne, 1520. Sir William Bayly Draper Maior, 1533. with Dame Katheren his wife, leauing xvi. children. Iohn Heydon mercer, Sheriffe 1582. who gaue Legacies to the thirteene Almes men, and otherwise for a Lecture

At the vpper end of this streete, is the Tower Royall,* 1.743 where∣of that streete taketh name, this Tower and great place was so called of pertayning to the kinges of this Realme, but by whome the same was first builded, or of what antiquity the same hath con∣tinued, I haue not read more then that in the raigne of Edwarde the first, the 2. 4. and 7. yeares, it was the Tenement of Symon Beawmes, also that in the 36. of Edwarde the 3. the same was called the Royall in the parish of S. Michaell de pater noster, & that in the 43. of his raigne, he gaue it by the name of his Inne,* 1.744 called the Royall, in the citie of London, in value xx.l.by yeare, vnto his Colledge of S. Stephen at Westminster: notwithstan∣ding in the raigne of Richarde the 2. it was called the Queenes Wardrope, as appeareth by this that followeth: king Richarde hauing in Smithfielde ouercome and dispersed his Rebels, hee, his Lordes and all his Companie, entred the Citie of London, with great ioy, and went to the Lady Princesse* 1.745 his mother, who was then lodged in the Tower Royall, called the Queenes Wardrope where shee had remained three daies, and two nightes, right sore abashed: but when shee saw the king her sonne, shee was greatlie reioyced and saide. Ah sonne, what greate sorrow haue I suffe∣red for you this day. The king answered and saide, certainely Madam, I know it well, but now reioyce and thanke God, for I haue this day, recouered mine heritage, and the Realme of Eng∣land which I had neare hand lost.

This Tower seemeth to haue beene at that time of good de∣fence, for when the Rebels had beset the Tower of Lo••don, and got possession thereof, taking from thence whome they listed, as

in mine Anales I haue shewed, the princesse being forced to flye came to this Tower Royall, where shee was lodged and remai∣ned safe as yee haue heard: and it may bee also supposed that the king himselfe was at that time lodged there. I read that in the yeare 1386. Lyon king of Armonie, being chased out of his Realme, by the Tartarians, receiued innumerable giftes of the King,* 1.746 and of his Nobles, the king then lying in the Royall: where hee also granted to the said king of Armonie, a Charter of a thou∣sand poundes by yeare during his life, this for proofe may suffice, that kinges of England haue beene lodged in this Tower, though the same of later time hath beene neglected, and turned into sta∣bling, for the kinges horses, and now letten out to diuers men, and deuided into Tenementes. In Horsebridge streete, is the Cutlers hall,* 1.747 which sometime belonged to Simon Dolesley Gro∣cer Maior, in the yeare 1359, they of this Company, were of olde time deuided into three artes, or sortes of Workemen, to wit, the first were Smithes, Forgers of Blades, and therefore called Bladers, and diuers of them prooued welthie men, as namelie, Walter Nele, Blader,* 1.748 one of the Sheriffes, the 12, of Edwarde the thirde, deceased 1352. and buried in S. Iames Garlicke hith: hee left landes to the mending of high waies, aboute London, be∣twixt Newgate and Wicombe, Aldgate and Chelmessorde, Bi∣shopsgate and Ware, Southwarke and Rochester, &c. The secōd, were makers of Haftes,* 1.749 and otherwise garnishers of Blades, the thirde sort, were sheathmakers,* 1.750 for swordes, Daggers and kniues. In the 10. of Henry the 4. certaine ordinances were made betwixt the Bladers, and the other Cutlars, and in the 4. of Henry the 6. they were all three Companies, drawne into one Fraternitie, or Brotherhoode, by the name of Cutlars.

Then is Knight ridars streete,* 1.751 so called (as is supposed) of Knightes well armed and mounted, at the Tower Royall, riding from thence through that streete, west, to Creede lane, and so out at Ludgate, towardes Smithfield, when they were there to tur∣ney, Iust, or otherwise to shew their Actiu••ties before the king & states of the Realme. In this streete is the Parish church of S. Thomas Thapostle,* 1.752 by Wringwren lane,* 1.753 a proper church, but monumentes of antiquity bee there none, left vndefaced, except some Armes in the Windowes, as also in the stone worke, which

some suppose to be the Armes of Iohn Barnes Mercer, Maior of London, in the yeare 1371. Henry Causton Marchant, was a Benefactor, and had a Chantry, there about 1396. Thomas Ro∣maine, had also a Chantry there, about 1396. Fitzwilliams al∣so a Benefactor, had a Chantry there, more Sir William Littles∣bery, alias Horne, (for king Edwarde the fourth so named him) because he was a most excellent Blower in a horne, hee was a Salter, and Marchant of the staple, Mayor of London in the yeare 1487 and was buried in this church hauing appointed by his testa∣ment the bels to be changed for 4. new bels of good tune and sound, but that was not performed: he gaue 500. marks to the repairing of high waies, betwixt London and Cambridge, his dwelling house, with the garden, and appurtenances in the saide parish, hee deuised to be solde, and bestowed in charitable actions, as his exe∣cutors, would answere before God: his house called the George in Bredstreete, hee gaue to the Saltars, they to finde a Priest in the saide Church, to haue six pound thirteen shillinges foure pence the yeare, to euery Preacher at Paules Crosse, and at the Spittle foure pence, for euer, to the Prisoners of Newgate, Ludgate, Marshalsey, and kinges Bench, in victuailes ten shillinges at Christmas, and ten shillinges at Easter for euer which are not performed. Iohn Martin Butcher, one of the Sheriffes was buried there, 1533. &c. Then west from the saide Church on the same side, was one great messuage, sometime called Ipris Inne,* 1.754 so called of William of Ipres a Flemming the first builder thereof. This William was called out of Flanders, with a number of Flemminges to the aide of king Stephen, against Maude the Empresse, in the yeare 1138. and grew in fauour with the saide king, for his seruice, so farre that he builded this his house, neare vnto Towre royal,* 1.755 in the which Tower it seemeth the king was then lodged, as in the hart of the City, for his more safety.

Robert Earle of Glocester brother to the Empresse being ta∣ken was committed to the custody of this VVilliam to bee kept in the Castle of Rochester, till king Stephen was also taken, and then the one was deliuered in exchange for the other, and both set free: this William of Ipres gaue Edredes Hith, now called the Queenes Hith, to the Prior and Chanons of the Holy Trinitie in London: hee founded the Abbey of Boxley, in Kent, &c. In

the first of Henry the second, the said William with all the other Flemminges, fearing the indignation of the new king departed the land, but it seemeth that the saide William was shortly called backe againe, and restored both to the kinges fauour, and to his olde possessions here, so that the name and family continued long after in this realme, as may appeare by this which followeth. In the yeare 1377, the 51 of Edwarde the thirde, the Citizens of London, minding to haue destroyed Iohn of Gaunt D. of Lan∣caster, and Henry Percy Marshall, (for causes shewed in my Annales) sought vp and downe, and could not finde them, for they were that day to dine with Iohn of Ipris at his Inne, which the Londoners wist not of, but thought the Duke and Marshall had beene at the Sauoy, and therefore, poasted thether: but one of the Dukes knightes seeing these thinges, came in great hast to the place where the Duke was, and after that hee had knocked and could not be let in, hee saide to Haueland the Porter, if thou loue my Lorde and thy life, open the gate, with which words hee got entry, and with great feare he tels the Duke, that without the gate were infinite numbers of armed men, and vnlesse he tooke greate heede, that day would be his last, with which wordes the Duke leapt so hastily from his Oisters, that he hurt both his legs against the forme: wine was offered, but he could not drinke for hast and so fled with his fellow Henry Persie out at a backe gate, and entering the Thames, neuer stayed rowing, vntill they came to a house neare the Mannor of Kenington,* 1.756 where at that time the princesse lay, with Richarde the yong Prince, before whome hee made his complaint, &c.

Ouer against Ipres Inne in Knightriders streete, at the cor∣ner towardes S, Iames, at Garlicke Hith, was sometime a great house builded of stone, and called Ormond place, for that it some∣times belonged to the Earles of Ormonde,* 1.757 king Edwarde the fourth in the fift of his raigne, gaue to Elizabeth his wife, the Mannor of Greenewitch, with the Towne and Parke in the County of Kent, hee also gaue this Tenement called Ormonde place with all the appurtenances to the same, situate in the parish of S. Trinítie, in Knightridars streete in London, this house is now lately taken downe and diuers fayre Tenementes are buil∣ded there, the corner house whereof is a Tauerne. Then low∣er

downe in Royall streete, is Kerion lane,* 1.758 of one Kerion som∣time dwelling there. In this lane bee diuers fayre houses for Marchants, and amongst others is the Glasiars hall.* 1.759 At the south corner of Royall streete, is the fayre parish church of S. Martin, called in the Uintry,* 1.760 this Church was new builded about the yere 1399. by the Executors of Mathew Columbars a stranger born, a Burdieur marchant, of Gascoyne, and French wines, his Armes remaine yet in the East Window, and is betweene a Cheueron, 3. Columbins: there lye buried in this church, Sir Iohn Gisors Maior, 1311. Henry Gisors his sonne, 1343. and Iohn Gisors his brother 1350. hee gaue to his sonne Tho∣mas his great mansion house, called Gisors hall in the parish of S. Mildred in Bredstreete, this Thomas had issue Iohn, and Thomas, Iohn made a Feofment, and solde Gisors hall,* 1.761 and o∣ther his landes in London, about the yeare 1386. Thomas de∣ceased 1395. Henry Venner, Bartilmew de la vauch, Tho∣mas Cornwalles one of the Sheriffes 1384. Iohn Cornwalles Esquier, 1436 Iohn Mustrell Uintner, 1424. William Hod∣son, William Castleton, Iohn Grey, Robert Dalusle Barbar, in the raign of Edward the 4, with this Epitaph.* 1.762

As flowers in fielde thus passeth life, Naked then clothed fable in the end. It sheweth by Robert Dalusse, and Alison his wife. Christ them saue from power of the fiende.

Sir Ralph Austrie Fishmonger Maior, new roofed this Church with timber, couered it with lead, and beutifully glased it, he deceased, 1494. and was there buried, with his two wiues, Ralph Austrye his son gentleman William Austrye and other of that name, Bartrand wife to Grimond Descure Esquire, a Gas∣coyne, and marchant of wines 1494, Thomas Batson, Allice Fowler, Daughter and heire to Iohn Howton, wife to Iohn Hulton, Iames Bartlet, and Alice his wife, VVilliam Fennor, Roger Cotton, Robert Stockar, Iohn Pemberton, Philip de Plasse, Iohn Stapleton, Iohn Mortimor, VVilliam Lee, Wil∣liam Hamstede, &c.

Then is the parish Church of S. Iames,* 1.763 called at Garlicke hith or Garlicke hiue, for that of olde time on the banke, of the riuer of Thames, neare to this Church Garlicke was vsually solde, this

is a proper church, whereof Richarde Rothing, one of the She∣riffes, 1326. is saide to be the builder: and lieth buried in the same, so was VValter Nele Blader one of the Sheriffes, 1337. Iohn of Oxenforde Uintenar Maior, 1341, Richarde Good∣cheape, Iohn de Crissingham, and Iohn VVithers. Monu∣mentes remaining there, Robert Gabeter Esquier, Mayor of Newcastle vpon Tine, 1310. Iohn Grisors, VVilliam Tilin∣gham, Iohn Stanley, Nicholas Stahā, Robert de Luton, 1361. Richarde Lions a famous marchant of wines, and a Lapidary, sometime one of the Sheriffes, beheaded in Cheape, by VVat Tyler, and other rebels in the yeare 1381. his picture of his graue stone very fayre and large, is with his hayre rounded by his eares, and curled, a little bearde forked, a gowne girt to him down to his feete, of branched damaske wrought with the likenes of flowers, a large purse on his right side hanging in a belt, from his left shoulder, a plaine whoode about his necke, kiuering his shoul∣ders, and hanging backe behinde him. Sir Iohn Wrotch, Fish∣monger Maior, 1361. deceased 1407. Thomas Stonarde of Oxfordshire, Iohn Bromar Fishmonger, Alderman, 1474. the lady Stanley, mother to the Lorde Strange, the Countise of Huntington, the Lady Harbart, the Lord Strange, Sir George Stanley, Gilbert Bouet, 1398. a Countis of Glocester, and one of her children, VVilliā More, Uintener Maior, 1395. VV. Venor Grocer Maior, 1389. Robert Chichley Maior, 1421. Iames Spencer Uintonar Maior 1543. &c. And thus an ende of Uintry warde, which hath an Alderman with a deputy, common Councellors nine, Constables nine, Scauengers foure, Ward∣mote inquest foureteene and a Beadle. It is taxed to the fifteene, in London, at six and thirty pound, and in the Exchequer at thirty fiue pound, fiue shillinges.

Cordwainer streete warde

THe next is Cordwainer street warde,* 1.764 taking that name of Cordwainers, or Shoemakers, Curriars, and workers of Leather dwelling there: for it appeareth in the records of H. th•• 6. the ninth of his raign, that an order was ta∣ken then for Cordwainers and curriars in

Corney streete, and Sopars lane.

This warde beginneth in the East, on the west side of Wal∣brook, & runneth west through Budge Row* 1.765 (a street so called of the Budge Fur, and of Skinners dwelling there) then vp by Saint Anthonines church through A••theling (or Noble streete) as Leyland termeth it, commonly called Wathling streete,* 1.766 to the Red Lyon, a place so called of a greate Lyon of Tymber placed there at a gate, entering to a large Court, wherein are diuers fayre and large shops well furnished with brode clothes, and o∣ther draperies of all sortes to be solde, and this is the farthest west part of this warde.

On the South side of this streete from Budge Row, lieth a lane turning downe by the west gate of the Tower Royall, and to the south end of the stone wall, beyond the said gate is of this ward, and is accounted a parte of the Royall streete, against this west gate of the Tower Royall, is one other lane, that run∣neth west to Cordwainer streete, and this is called Turnebase lane:* 1.767 on the south side whereof is a peece of Wringwren lane to the northwest corner of S. Thomas church the Apostle. Thē againe out of the high streete called Wathling, is one other street which runneth thwart the same, and this is Cordwainer streete* 1.768 whereof the whole warde taketh name, this streete beginneth by west Cheape and Saint Mary Bow church is the head there∣of on the west side, and it runneth down south through that part which of later time was called Hosiar lane,* 1.769 now Bow lane, and then by the west ende of Aldmary church, to the new builded houses, in place of Ormond house, and so to Earlicke hill, or hith, to Saint Iames church, the vpper part of this streete towardes Cheape was called Hosiar lane of Hosiars dwelling there in place of Shoomakers: but now those Hosiars being worne out by men of other Trades (as the Hosiars had worne out the Shoma∣kers) the same is called Bow lane of Bow church. On the west side of Cordwainers streete is Basing lane,* 1.770 right ouer against Turne basse lane. This Basing lane west to the backe gate of the Red Lion, in Wathling streete, is of this Cordwainers streete warde.

Now againe on the North side of the high street in Budge Row, by the East ende of S. Anthonines church, haue ye S. Sithis lane* 1.771

so called of S. Sithes church (which standeth against that lanes end: and this place is wholly of Cordwayner stréet warde: and also the south side of Needlers lane,* 1.772which reacheth from the north end of S. Sithes lane, West to Sopars lane. Then somewhat west from S. Anthonines church is that Sopars lane,* 1.773 which took that name not of making sope there, as some haue supposed, but of one Alleyne le Sopar, in the 9. of Edward the second. Then in Bow lane (as they new call it) is Goose lane,* 1.774 by Bow church, W. Essex Mercer had tenemen••es there in the 26. of Edward the 3.

Then from the south end of Bow lane, vp Watheling streete, till ouer against the red Lyon: And these be the bounds of Cord∣wayner stréet warde. Touching monuments therein, first you haue the faire parish church of S. Anthonines* 1.775 in Budge rowe, on the North side thereof. This church was lately reedified by Tho∣mas Knowls Grocer Mayor, & by Thomas Knowles his sonne, both buried there, with Epitaphes, of the father thus.

Here lyeth grauen vnder this stone, Thomas Knowles,* 1.776 both flesh and bone Grocer and Alderman, yeares fortie Sheriffe, and twice Mayor truly, And for he should not lie alone, Here lyeth with him his good wife Ioane, They were together sixtie yeare, And nineteene children they had in feere &c.

Thomas Holland Mercer was there buried 1456. Thomas Windent Mercer Alderman, and Katherine his wife, Thomas Hind Mercer, 1528. He was a benefactor to this church, to Aldemary church, and to Bow: Hugh Acton Merchantaylor buried 1520. He gaue 36. pounde to the repayring of the steeple of this church: Simon Streete Grocer lyeth in the Church wall toward the south, his armes be thrée Colts, and his Epitaph thus.

Such as I am, such shall you be, Grocer of London sometime was I, The Kings Wayar more then yeares twentie, Simon Street* 1.777 called in my place, And good fellowship faine would trace, Therefore in heauen, euerlasting life Iesu send me, and Agnes my wife:

Kerlie Merlie, my wordes were tho, And Deo gratias I coupled thereto, I passed to God in the yeare of grace A thousand foure hundred it was, &c.

William Dauntsey Mercer one of the Sheriffes buried 1542. Henry Collet Mercer Mayor, a great benefactor to this church, the pictures of him, his wife, ten sonnes, and tenne daughters remaine in the glasse window on the North side of the church: but the saide Henry Collet was buried at Stebun∣hith. Henry Halton Grocer, one of the Sheriffes, deceased 1415. Thomas Spight Merchantaylor 1533. and Roger Martin Mercer Mayor deceased, 1573. Next on the south side of Budge rowe by the West corner therof, and on the East side of Cordwayner stréete, is one other faire church, called Aldemary church,* 1.778 because the same was very old, and elder then any church of Saint Mary in the cittie, till of late yeares the foundation of a very faire new church was laide there by Henry Keble Grocer, Mayor, who deceased 1518. and was there buried in a vault by him prepared, with a faire monument raysed ouer ouer him on the North side the quire, now destroyed and gone, he gaue by his te∣stament 1000. ••. towards the building of that church, Richarde Chawcer* 1.779 Uintner gaue lands to that church, & was there buried, 1348. Iohn Briton, Raph Hollande Draper one of the She∣riffes deceased 1452. William Taylor Grocer Mayor deceased, 1483. He discharged that ward of fiftéenes to be paid by the poore, Thomas Hinde Mercer buried in S. Anthonines, gaue 10. fodar of lead to the couering of the middle Isle of this Aldemary church, Charles Blunt Lord Montioy was buried there, about the yeare 1545. he made or glased the East window, as appeareth by his Armes: his Epitaph made by him in his life time thus.

Willingly haue I sought, and willingly haue I found, The fatall end that wrought thether as dutie bound: Discharged I am of that I ought to my cuntry by onest woūd My soul departed Christ hath bought, the end of mā is groūd.

Sir William Laxton Grocer Mayor, deceased 1556. was buried in the vault, prepared by Henry Keble principall founder of that church for himself but now his bones are vnkindly cast out, his monuments pulled downe, and the bodies of the said Sir Wil∣liam

Laxton and of Sir Thomas Lodge Grocer Mayor, are laid in place, with monuments ouer them for the time, till an other giue money for their place, and then away with them.

At the vpper end of Hosiar lane towards west chepe, is the fayre parish church of S. Mary Bow,* 1.780 called de Arcubus, of the stone Arches or Bowes on the top of the stéeple, or bell Tower thereof, which arching was aswell on the old stéeple, as on the new for no other part of the church séemeth to haue béene arched at any time, yet hath the said church neuer beene knowne by any other name, then S. Mary Bow, or le Bow: neither is that church so called of the court there kept, but the said Court taketh name of the place wherein it is kept, & is called the court of the arches, but of what antiquitie or continuation I cannot declare.

This church is of Cordwayner stréet ward, and for diuers ac∣cidents happening there hath beene made more famous then any other parish church of the whole Citie or suburbes. First we reade that in the yeare 1090. and the thirde of VVilliam Rufus, by tempest of wind the roofe of the church of S. Mary Bow ion Chepe was ouerturned,* 1.781 wherewith some persons were slaine, and foure of the Rasters of 26. foote in length with such violence were pitch∣ed in the ground of the high stréete, that scantly foure foote of them remained aboue ground, which were faine to be cut euen with the ground, because they coulde not bee plucked out (for the Citie of London was not then paused.)

In the yeare 1196. VVilliam Fitz Osbert, a seditious trai∣tor, tooke the steeple af Bow,* 1.782 and fortified it with munitions and victuailles, but it was assaulted, and William with his complices were taken, though not without bloodshed, for hee was forced by fire and smoke to forsake the church, and then by the Iudges con∣demned, he was by the héeles drawne to the Elmes in Smith field and there hanged with nine of his fellowes. Such was the end of this deceauer, a man of an euill life, a secrete murtherer, a filthie fornicator, a polluter of concubines, and (amongst other his dete∣stable factes) a false accuser of his elder brother,* 1.783 who had in his youth brought him vp in learning, and done many thinges for his preferment.

In the yeare 1271. a great part of the stéeple of Bow fel down* 1.784

and slew many people men and women. In the yeare 1284. the 13. of Edward the first. Laurence Ducket Goldsmith, hauing grieuously wounded one Raffe Crepin in west Chepe, fledde into Bowe church, into the which in the night time entred certaine e∣uill persons, friendes to the said Raffe, and slew the said Laurence lying in the stéeple, and then hanged him vp, placing him so by the window, as if he had hanged himself, and so was it found by inqui∣sition: for the which fact Laurence Ducket* 1.785 being drawne by the féete was buried in a ditch without the Citie, but shortly after by relation of a boy, who lay with the said Laurence at the time of his death, and had hid him there for feare, the truth of the matter was disclosed, for the which cause a certain woman named Alice, that was chiefe causer of the said mischiefe was burned, and to the number of 16. men were drawne and hanged besides others, that being richer, after long imprisonment were hanged by the purse.

The church was interdicted,* 1.786 the dores and windowes were stopped vp with thornes, but Laurence was taken vp, and ho∣nestly buried in the churchyarde.

This parish church of S. Mary Bowe by meane of incroch∣ment and building of houses without, wanteth roome in their Church yard for burial of their dead. Iohn Rotham or Rodham citizen and Taylor, by his testament dated the yeare 1465. gaue to the Parson and Church wardens there for euer, a certaine gar∣den in Hosiar lane, to be a churchyard, which so continued neare 100. yeares. But now is builded on and is a priuate mans house. The old stéeple of this church was by little and little reedified, and new builded vp, at the least so much as was fallen downe, many men giuing summes of money to the furtherance thereof, so that at length, to wit, in the yeare 1469. it was ordayned by a common counsaile, that the Bowe bell shoulde bee nightly rong at nine of the clocke.* 1.787 Shortly after, Iohn Doune Mercer, by his testament dated 1472. according to the trust of Reginald Longdon, gaue to the Parson and churchwardens of S. Mary Bowe, two tene∣ments with the apurtenances, since made into one, in Hosiar lane, then so called, to the maintenance of Bowe bell, the same to bee rong as aforesaid, and other things to be obserued, as by the will appeareth. Robert Harding Goldsmith, one of the Sheriffes

1478. gaue to the newe worke of that stéeple 40. ••. Iohn Haw Mercer 10. ••. Doctor Allen 4. ••. Thomas Baldry 4. ••. and other gaue other summes, so that the said worke of the stéeple was fini∣shed in the yeare 1512. The Arches or Bowes* 1.788 thereupon, with the lanthornes, fiue in number, to wit, one at each corner, and one on the top in the middle: vpon the arches were also afterward fini∣shed of stone, brought from Cane in Normandy, deliuered at the Customers Key for iiij.••.vj.••.the tunne, William Copland Taylor, the kings Merchant, and Andrew Fuller Mercer, being churchwardens, 1515. and 1516. It is said that this Copland gaue the great Bell, which made the fift in the ring, and to be cal∣led the Bow bell, and so to bee vsed to bee rong nightly at nine of the clocke. I haue also beene informed, that this bell was first rong as a knell at the buriall of the same Copland. It sée∣meth that the lanthornes on the top of this stéeple, were meant to haue béene glased, and lights in them to haue béene placed night∣ly in the winter, whereby trauailers to the Cittie might haue the better sight thereof, and not to misse of their wayes. In this pa∣rish also was a Grammer schoole* 1.789 by commandement of king Hen∣ry the sixt, which schoole was of olde time kept in an house for that purpose prepared in the churchyard, but that schoole being decayed as others about this cittie: the schoole house was let out for rent, in the raigne of Henry the eight, for iiij.••.the yeare, a sellar be∣longing to the parsonage for ij.••.the yeare, and two vaults vnder the church for 15. ••. both.

The monuments in this church be these: viz. of Sir Iohn Co∣uentrie Mercer Mayor, 1425. Richard Lambert Alderman, Nicholas Alwine Mercer Mayor, 1499. deceased 1505. Robert Harding Goldsmith one of the Sheriffes 1478. Iohn Loke one of the Sheriffes 1461. Edward Bankes Alderman Haberdasher 1566. Iohn Warde, VVilliam Pierson Scriuener, and Attur∣ney in the common place. In a proper Chappel on the south side the church standeth a tombe, eleuate & arched, of some vnknowne founder. Ade de Buke Hatter glased the chappell and most parte of the church, and was there buried: all other monuments be defa∣ced. Without the North side of this church of S. Mary Bow, to∣wards west Chepe standeth one faire building of stone, called in record Seldam, a shed,* 1.790 which greatly darkeneth the said church,

for by meanes thereof all the windowes and dores on that side are stopped vp: This building was made by K. Edward the third, vpon this occasion. In the raigne of the sayde king diuers iustings were made in London betwixt Sopars lane and the Crosse in Chepe:* 1.791 for the standard stoode not then in place where now it is, namely one great iusting was there in the yeare 1330. the fourth of Edward the third, whereof is noted thus. About the feast of S. Michael there was a great and solemne iusting of all the stout Earles, Barons and nobles of the realme, at London in West Cheape, betwixt the great crosse and the great conduit, nigh So∣pars lane, which iusting lasted thrée daies: where Quéene Philip with many Ladies fell from a stage of timber, notwithstanding they were not hurt at all: wherfore the Quéene tooke great care to saue the Carpenters from punishment, and through her prayer (which she made on her knées) she pacified the king and counsaile, and thereby purchased great loue of the people. After which time the king caused this silde or shede to bee made, and strongly to bee builded of stone, for himself, the Quéene, and other estates to stand in, and there to behold the iustings and other shewes at their plea∣sure. And this house for a long time after serued to that vse, name∣ly in the raigne of Edward the third, and Richard the second, but in the yeare 1410. Henry the fourth, in the 12. of his raigne, con∣firmed the said shed, or building, with all shops, sellers, and edifices whatsoeuer appertaining, called Crounsilde* 1.792 (and in the 8. of the same H. called Tamarside) situate in the Mercery in west Chepe, in the parish of S. Mary de Arcubus in London, and a certaine shop in the said parish, betweene the same shed and the kings high way of west Cheape, annexed to the said shed, with two shops, sel∣lers and edifices whatsoeuer, as well builded, or any way being o∣uer the said shop, as ouer the entry of the said shed, which were hol∣den of him in burgage, as all the Cittie of London is, and which were worth by yeare in all issues, according to the true value of them, vij.pound xiij.••.iiij.••.as was founde by inquisition thereof before Thomas Knowles Mayor, and Eschetor in the said Citie. Notwithstanding which graunt the kings of England, and other great estates, as wel of forrein countries repayring to this realme, as inhabitantes of the same, haue vsually repaired to this place, therein to behold the shewes of this Citie, passing through West

Cheape, namely the great watches accustomed in the night, on the euen of S. Iohn Baptist, and S. Peter at Midsommer, the ex∣amples wherof were ouer long to recite, wherefore let it suffice briefly to touch one. In the yeare 1510. the 2. of Henry the eight,* 1.793 on S. Iohns euen at night, the king came to this place, then called the kings head in Cheape, in the liuerie of a yoman of the garde, with an halberd on his sholder, (and there beholding the watch) departed priuily, when the watch was done, and was not knowne to any but to whom it pleased him, but on S. Peters night next following, hee and the Quéene came royally riding to the said place, and there with their nobles beheld the watch of the Ci∣tie, and returned in the morning. This church of S. Mary, with the saide shede of stone, all the housing in or about Bowe Church yard, & without on that side the high stréet of Cheape to the stan∣darde be of Cordmayner stréet warde. These houses were of old time but shedes: for I read of no housing otherwise on that side the stréete, but of diuers shedes from Sopars lane to the standard, &c. Amongst other I reade of thrée shops or shedes, by Sopars lane pertaining to the Priorie of the holy Trinity within Aldegate: the one was let out for 28. ••. one other for 20. ••. and the third for xij. ••. by the yeare: Moreouer that Richard Goodchepe Mercer, and Margery his wife, sonne to Iordain Goodchepe, did let to Iohn Dalings the yonger Mercer, their shed and chamber in west Cheape, in the parish of S. Mary de Arches, for iij.••.iiij.••.by the yeare. Also the men of Bredstréete ward contended with the men of Cordwayner street ward, for a selde or shede, opposite to the standard on the South side, and it was found to be of Cordwainer street ward, W. Waldorne being then Mayor, the 1. of Henry the 6. Thus much for Cordwainer stréet warde: which hath an Alderman, his Deputie, Common Counsellors 8. Constables 8. Scauengers 8. Wardemote inquest men 14. & a Beadle. It stan∣deth taxed to the fiftéene in London at 72. ••. 16. ••. in the Exche∣quer at 72. pound.

Cheape Warde.

NExt adioining is Chepe warde,* 1.794 which also beginneth in the East, on the course of Walbrooke, in Buckles bury, and runneth vp on both the sides to the great Conduit in Cheape. Also on the south syde of Buck∣les

berie a lane turning vp by S. Sithes Church, & by S. Pancrates church, through Needlers lane, on the north side thereof, and then through a péece of Sopars lane, on both sydes vp to Chepe, be all of Chepe warde. Then to be begin againe in the east vpon the said course of Walbrooke, is S. Mildreds church in the Poultrie, on the north side, and ouer against the said church gate, on the south to passe vp al that high stréet called the Poultrie, to the great conduit in Chepe, and then Chepe it selfe, which beginneth by the east end of the said Conduit, and stretcheth vp to the North East corner of Bow lane, on the south side, and to the standard on the North side, and thus far to the west is of Cheape ward. On the south side of this high stréet is no lane turning south out of this ward, more thē some small portion of Sopars lane, whereof I haue before written. But on the North side of this high stréete is Conyhope lane, about one quarter of Olde Iurie lane, on the west side and on the East side almost as much to the signe of the Angell. Then is Iremongers lane, all wholly on both sides, and from the North end thereof through Catton stréete, West to the North ende of S. Laurence lane, and some 4. houses west beyond the same on that side, and ouer against Ironmongers lane end on the North side of Catton stréete vp by the Guildhal, and S. Laurence church in the Iurie is altogether of Chepe ward. Then againe in Chepe more toward the west is S. Laurence lane before named, which is all wholly of this warde, and last of all is Hony lane, and so vp to the standard on that North side of Chepe: and so stand the boundes of Chepe ward.

Now for antiquities there, first is Buckles berie, so called of a mannor, and tenementes pertayning to one Buckle,* 1.795 who there dwelled, and kept his courts. This Mannor is supposed to be the great stone building, yet in parte remaining on the south side the stréete, which of late time hath beene called the old Barge, of such a signe hanged out neare the gate thereof. This Mannor or great house hath of long time béene diuided and letten out into many te∣nements: and it hath béene a common speech that when the Wal∣brooke* 1.796 did l••e open, barges were rowed out of the Thames, or to∣wed vp so far, and therefore the place hath euer since béene called y^e Old barge, Also on the north side of this stréet directly ouer against the said Buckles berie was one ancient and strong tower of stone

the which king Edwarde the thirde in the 32. of his raigne, did grant to his Colledge or free Chappell of S. Stephen at West∣minster, by the name of his Tower called Seruesse Tower at* 1.797 Buckles bery: this Tower of late yeares was taken downe, by one Buckle a Grocer, meaning in place thereof to haue set vppe and builded a goodly frame of Timber, but the saide Buckle gree∣dily labouring to pull downe the olde Tower, a peece thereof fell vpon him which so brused him that his life was thereby shortened, and an other that married his widdow, set vp the newly prepared frame of tymber, and finished the worke.

This whole streete called Buckles bury on both the sides throughout, is possessed of Grocers and Apothecaries toward the west ende thereof, on the south side, breaketh out one other short lane called in recordes Peneritch streete,* 1.798 it reacheth but to Saint Sythes lane, and S. Sythes* 1.799 Church is the farthest part thereof, for by the west ende of the saide Church beginneth Needelars lane,* 1.800 which reacheth to Sopars lane as is aforesaide, this small parish Church of S. Sith hath also an addition of Bennet shorne (or Shrog, or Shorehogge) for by al these names haue I read it, but the auncientest is Shorne, wherefore it seemeth to take that name of one Benedict Shorne, sometime a Cittizen, and Stockefish∣monger of London, a new builder, repayrer or Benefactor ther∣of, in the raigne of E. the second, so that Shorne is but corruptlie called Shrog, and more corruptly Shorehog.

There lye buried in this Church Richard Lincolne Felmon∣ger, 1548. Iohn Fresh Mercer Maior 1394. Iohn Rochforde and Robert Rochforde, Iohn Holde Alderman, Henry Fro∣weke, Mercer Maior, a thousand foure hundred thirty fiue Edward Warrington, Iohn Morrice, Iohn Huntley, Sir Ralph Waren Mercer Maior, 1553, Sir Iohn Lion Grocer Maior, 1554. these two last haue monumentes, the rest are all defaced.

Then in Needelars lane haue yee the parish church of Saint Pancrate,* 1.801 a proper small church, but diuers rich Parishioners therein, and hath had of olde time many liberall benefactors, but of late such as (not regarding the order taken by her Maiestie) the least bell in their church being broken, haue rather solde the same for half the value, then put the parish to charge with new casting: late experience hath prooued this to bee true, besides the spoile of

the monumentes there. In this Church there are buried Sir A∣ker, Iohn Aker, Iohn Barens Mercer, Maior, 1370. Iohn Be∣ston and his wife, Robert Rayland, Iohn Hamber, Iohn Gage, Iohn Rowley, Iohn Lambe, Iohn Hadley Grocer, Ma∣ior, 1379. Richarde Gardener Mercer, Maior, 1478. Iohn Stockton Mercer, Maior, 1470. Iohn Dane Mercer, Iohn Parker, Robert Marshall Alderman, 1439. Robert Corche∣forde. Robert Hatfield, and Robert Hatfielde, Nicholas Wil∣filde, and Thomas his sonne, the monumentes of all which bee defaced and gone. There do remaine of Robert Burley 1360. Richarde VVilson, 1525. Robert Packenton Mercer, ••slaine with a Gunne shot at him in a morning, the thirteenth of Nouē∣ber as hee was going to morrow Masse, from his house in Cheape, to S. Thomas of Acars in the yeare 1536. the murde∣rer was neuer discouered, but by his owne confession made when he came to the Gallowes at Banbery to bee hanged for Fellonie. Thomas VVardbury Haberdasher 1545. Iames Huish Gro∣cer. 1590. Ambrose Smith &c. Then is a part of Sopars lane turning vp to Cheape, by the assent of Stephen Abunden, Ma∣ior, the Peperars in Sopars lane were admitted to sell all such spices, and other wares, as Grocers now vse to sell, retayning the olde name of Peperars in Sopars lane,* 1.802 till at length in the raign of Henry the sixt the same Sopars lane was inhabited by Corde∣wainers and Curriars, after that the Peperars or Grocers had seated themselues in a more open streete, to wit in Buckles bury, where they yet remaine. Thus much for the south wing of Cheapeward.

Now to beginne againe on the banke of the saide Walbrooke, at the east ende of the high streete, which is the maine body of* 1.803 this warde: first ouer against the parish church of S. Mildred, on the south side of the Poultrie, vp to the great Conduite, haue yee diuers fayre houses, sometimes inhabited by Poulters, now by Grocers, Haberdashers, and Upholders, at the west end of this Poultrie, on the south side, haue ye the great Conduite,* 1.804 which is the beginning of west Cheape. This Conduite was the first sweete water that was conueyed by pipes of lead vnder ground, to this place in the Citie, from Padington it was castellated with stone and cesterned in lead which was begunne in the yeare

1285. Henry Wales being then Maior. This Conduite was againe new builded by Thomas Ilame one of the Sheriffes in the yeare, 1479. beyond this Conduite, on the south side of Cheap be now faire and large houses, for the most part possessed of Mer∣cers vp to the north corner of Cordwainer streete, corruptlie cal∣led Bow lane, which houses in former time were but shedes (or shops) with solars ouer them, as of late one of them remained at Sopars lane end, wherein a woman sold seedes, rootes, and herbs, but those sheddes or shops, by incrochmentes on the high streete, are now largely builded on both sides outward, and also vpwarde towarde heauen, some thrée, foure, or fiue stories on high. &c.

On the north side of the Poultrie, is the proper parish church* 1.805 of S. Mildrede, which was new builded vpon Walbrooke, in the yeare 1457. Iohn Saxton then Parson gaue 32. poundes to∣wards the building of the new Quire there which now standeth vpon the course of Walbrook, Leuell Puery, and Richard Kestō haue their Armes in the east Windowes as Benefactors.

All the rooffing of that Church is garnished with the Armes of Thomas Aschehul, one of the Churchwardens in the yere 1455. who was there buried, Thomas Morsted Esquire and Chi∣rurgeon to king Henry the 4. 5. and 6. one of the Sheriffes of London, in the yeare 1436. gaue vnto this Church a parcell of ground contayning in length from the course of Walbrooke, to∣warde the west, 45. foote, and in bredth, from the Church to∣wardes the north 35. foote, being within the gate of Skalding house, or Skalding Wike in the said parish, to make a Church∣yarde wherein to bury their dead, Richarde Shore Draper, one of the Sheriffes 1505. gaue fifteene pound for making a portch, to this church. Buried here, as by his monumentes appeareth: Iohn Hildy Poulter, 1416, Iohn Kendall 1468, Iohn Gar∣land 1476. Robert Bois, 1485: and Symon Lee, Poulters, 1487. Thomas Lee of Essex, Gentleman, VVilliam Haclin∣gridge, Christopher Feliocke, 1494. Robert Dreyton Skin∣ner. 1484. Iohn Christopherson, Doctor of Phisicke, 1524. VVilliam Turner Skinner, 1536. Blase White Grocer, 1558. Thomas Hobson Haberdasher. 1559, William Hob∣son Haberdasher, 1581. and Thomas Tusser Gentleman, 1580

with this Epitaph.

Here Thomas Tusser, clad in earth doth lie, That sometime made the pointes of husbandrie, By him then learne thou maist, here learne we must, When all is done we sleepe and turne to dust, And yet through Christ to heauen we hope to go, Who reades his bookes shall finde his faith was so.

On the north side of the church yearde remaine two tombes of marble, but not known of whome or otherwise then by tradi∣tion, it is saide they were of Thomas Monshampe, and VVilli∣am, Brothers aboute 1547. &c.

Of the name of this streete, called the Poultrie, I haue before spoken as also of the lane called Skalding house, or Skalding wike &c. On this north side some foure houses west from Saint Mildred church, is a prison house pertayning to one of the She∣riffes, and is called the Compter in the Poultrie, and hath beene there kept time out of minde, for I haue not read of the originall thereof. Somewhat west from this Comptar,* 1.806 was sometime a proper Chappell,* 1.807 of Corpus Christi, and S. Marie, at Conie∣hopelane end in the parish of S. Mildrede, founded by one named Ionyrunnes, a Citizen of London, in the raigne of Edwarde the thirde, where was a Guilde or Fraternitie, that might dispend in lands better then twentie pound by yeare, it was suppressed by Henry the eight, and purchased by one Hobson, a Haberdasher, who turned this Chappell into a fayre warehouse, and shops to∣wardes the streete, with lodginges ouer them. Then is Con∣ningshop lane,* 1.808 of olde time so called of a signe of three Conies, hanging ouer a Poulters stall at the lane ende. Within this lane standeth the Grocers hall,* 1.809 which Companie being of olde time called Peperars, were first incorporated by the name of Grocers* 1.810 in the yeare 1345, at which time they elected for Custos or Gar∣dian of their Fraternitie, Richarde Oswine, and Lawrence Halliwel, and twentie Brethren were then taken in, to be of their scocietie.

In the yeare 1411. the Custos or Gardian, and the Brethren of this Companie, purchased of the Lord Robert Fitzwaters, one plot of ground with the building thereupon in the saide Conyhope

lane for 320. markes, and then laide the foundation of their new common hall.

About the yeare 1429. the Grocers had licence to purchase 500. markes land, since the which time neare adioyning vnto the Grocers hall, the said Company hath builded seauen Almes hou∣ses,* 1.811 for seauen aged poore Almes people. Thomas Knoles Gro∣cer Maior, gaue his Tenement in S. Anthonines Churchyard, to the Grocers, towards the releef of the poore Brethren in that Companie, also Henry Keeble Grocer Maior, gaue to the sea∣uen Almes people six pence the peece weekelie for euer, which pen∣sion is now increased by the Maisters to some of them, two shil∣linges the peece weekelie, and to some of them lesse &c.

West from this Conyhope lane is the olde Iury, whereof some portion is of Cheape warde, as afore is shewed. At the south ende of this lane, is the Parish church of S, Mary Colechurch,* 1.812 so named of one Cole•• that builded it, this church is builded vp∣pon a vault aboue ground, so that men are forced to ascend vp ther∣unto by certaine steps. I finde no monumentes of this church, more then that Henry the fourth graunted licence to VVilliam Marshall and others to found a Brotherhoode of S. Katheren therein, because Thomas Becker, & S. Edmond the Archbishop were baptized there. Next to that is Mercers Chappell, some∣time an Hospitall* 1.813 intituled of S. Thomas of Acon, or Acars near to the great Conduite in Cheape, for a Maister and Brethren, militia hospitalis, &c. saieth the recorde of Edwarde the thirde, the 14. yeare, it was founded by Thomas Fitz the balde de he••ly, and Agnes his wife, sister to Thomas Becket, in the raigne of Henry the second, they gaue to the maister and brethren the lands with the appurtenances, that sometime were Gilbert Beckets father of the saide Thomas, in the which he was borne, there to make a church: there was also a Charnell and a Chappell ouer it, of S. Nicholas and S. Stephen, this Hospitall was valued to dis∣pend 277.••.3.••.4.••. it was surrendred the 30. of Henry the 8. the ••1. of October, and was since purchased by the Mercers, by meanes of Sir Richarde Greshain, and was againe set open on the Eue of S. Michaell, 1541. the 33. of Henry the eight, it is now called the Mercers Chappell,* 1.814 and therein is kept a free

Grammar Schoole* 1.815 as of olde time had beene accustomed, and had beene commanded by Parliament: there is also a preaching in the Italian tongue to the Italians and others on the Sondaies. Here be many monumentes remayning, but more haue beene de∣faced: Iames Butler Earle of Ormond, and Dame Iohan his Countise, the eight of Henry the sixt, Iohn Norton Esquier, Stephen Cauandish Draper, Maior, 1362. Thomas Cauan∣dish, William Cauandish, Thomas Ganon called Pike, one of the Sheriffes, 1410. Hungate of Yorkeshire, Ambrose Cre∣sacre, Iohn Trusbut Mercer, 1437. Thomas Norland She∣riffe, 1483. Sir Edmond Sha Goldsmith Maior, 1482. Sir Thomas Hill knight, Henry Frowicke, Thomas Ilam She∣riffe 1479. Launcelot Laken Esquier, Ralph Tylney Sheriffe, 1488. Garth Esquier, Iohn Ritch, Sir William Butler Grocer Mayor, 1515. William Browne Mercer Maior, 1513. Iohn Loke 1519. Sir Thomas Baldry, Mercer Maior, 1523. Sir William Locke, Mercer Sheriffe, 1548. Sir Iohn Allen Mer∣cer Maior, 1525. deceased 1544. Sir Thomas Leigh Mercer, Mayor, 1558. Sir Richarde Malory Mercer Maior, 1564, Humphrey Baskaruile Mercer Sheriffe 1561. Sir George Bonde Maior, 1587, &c.

Before this Chappell towardes the streete, there was builded a fayre and beutifull Chappell, arched ouer with stone, and there∣upon the Mercers hall,* 1.816 a most curious peece of worke: Sir Iohn Allen before named being founder thereof was there•• buried: but since his Tombe is remoued into the great olde Chappell, and his Chappell is made into shops, and letten out for rent, by his suc∣cessors the Mercers. These Mercers were enabled to be a Com∣pany the 20. of Richarde the second, and king Henry the sixt, in the thirde of his raigne, at the request of Iohn Couentrie, Iohn Carpenter, and William Groue granted to the Mercers, to haue a Chaplaine and Brotherhoode for reeleefe of such of their Com∣panie, as came to decay by misfortune on the sea. Next beyond the Mercers Chappell in Ironmonger lane,* 1.817 so called of Ironmongers dwelling there, in the 8. of Edwarde the first. In this lane is the small parish church of S. Martin* 1.818 called Pomery vpon what occa∣sion certainely I know not,* 1.819 but it is supposed to bee of Apples,

growing there where now houses are lately builded, for my selfe haue seene the large voide places there, monuments in this church be there none to account of.

Farther west is S. Lawrence lane,* 1.820 so called of S. Lawrence church, which standeth directly ouer against the north end thereof, antiquities in this lane I finde none other, then that among many fayre houses, there is one large Inne, for receipt of Trauellers, called Blossomes Inne, but corruptly Bosomes Inne, and hath to signe S. Lawrence the Deacon, in a Border of blossomes* 1.821 or flowers. Then neare to the Standard in Cheape is Hony lane* 1.822 so called not of sweetenesse thereof, being very narrow and some∣what darke, but rather of often washing and sweeping, to keep it cleane. In this is the small parish church called Alhallowes in Hony lane,* 1.823 there bee no monumentes in this church worth the noting. Without this lane is the Standarde in Cheape,* 1.824 which Iohn Wels Grocer Maior 1430. caused to be made with a small Cesterne for fresh water, hauing one Cocke continually running, when the same is not turned nor lockt, this was finished by his Executors. Thomas Knoles, and Iohn Chichley they purcha∣sed licence of Henry the sixt, to conuey water, to make the Con∣duite, now whether the Standarde in West Cheape so oft spoken of in former times, be the same and stoode iust in this place, or els¦where, or that the same were remoueable, may bee some question: for it is manifest that in the raigne of Edwarde the thirde, and at other times when the great iustinges, and other running on horse∣backe were practised betwixt the great Crosse, and the great Con∣duite at Sopars lane end, there was no such Standarde, or other Obstacle betweene them, neither was that streete paued with hard stone as now it is, we read that in the yeare 1293, three mē had their right hands striken off at the Standard in Cheap,* 1.825 for rescuing of a Prisoner, it is verie likelie therefore that the olde Crosse in Cheape (which was then newlie builded) was also the Standarde.

In the yeare 1326. the Citizens tooke VValter Stapleton Bishop of Excester and beheaded him with other at the Stan∣darde in Cheape: In the yeare 1399. King Henry the fourth caused the Blanch Charters made by Richarde the second, to bee

burnt at the Standarde in West Cheape. In the yeare 1381. Wat Tylar be headed Richarde Lions and others in Cheape. In the yeare 1461. Iohn Dauie had his hand striken off at the Stan∣darde in Cheape, also Iacke Cade the Rebell beheaded the Lorde Say at the Standarde in Cheape, &c. Thus much for the Body of Cheape warde may suffice. Then followeth Catte streete* 1.826 (so called in Recordes the 24. of Henry the sixt, now corruptlie Catteten street, which beginneth at the north end of Ironmon∣ger lane, and runneth to the west end of Saint Lawrence church as is afore shewed. On the north side of this streete is the Guilde hall* 1.827 of this Citie, wherein the Courts for the Citie be kept, name∣lie the 1. Court of common Counsaile 2. The courte of the Lorde Maior, and his Brethren the Aldermen 3. The courte of Hust∣inges 4. the court of Orphanes 5. the two courts of the Sheriffes 6. the courte of the Wardmote 7. the courte of Hallmote 8. the courte of requestes commonly called the courte of conscience 9. the Chamberlaines court for Prentizes, and making them free. This Guilde hall sayeth Robert Fabian, was begunne to bee builded new in the yeare 1411. the twelfth of Henry the fourth, by Thomas K••oles then Maior, and by his Brethren the Alder∣men, and the same was made of a little Cottage, a large and great house, as now it standeth: towardes the charges whereof the Companies gaue large beneuolences, also offences of men were pardoned for summes of money towardes this worke, and there was extraordinarie fees raised, Fines, Amercementes, and other thinges imployed during seauen yeares, and a continuation there∣of three yeares more, all to bee imployed to this building.

The first yeare of Henry the sixt Iohn Couentrie, and Iohn Carpentar Executors to Richarde Whitington, gaue towards the pauing of this great hall twentie pound, and the next yeare fif∣teene pound more to the saide pauement, with harde stone of Purbecke, they also glased some Windowes thereof and of the Maiors Court, on euery which window the Armes of Richard Whitington are placed. The foundation of the Maiors court was laide in the thirde yeare of the raigne of Henry the sixt, and of the Portch on the South side of the Maiors court, in the fourth of the saide king. Then was builded the Maiors Chamber,

and the counsell chamber, with other roomes aboue the staires: last of all a stately porch entering the great hall was erected, the front thereof towards the south, being beautified with images of stone, such as is shewed by these verses following, made about some 30. yeares since, by William Elderton, at that time an Atturney in the Sheriffes courtes there.

Though most the images be pulled downe,* 1.828 And none be thought remaine in towne, I am sure there be in London yet Seuen images such and in such a place, As few or none I thinke will hit, Yet euery day they shew their face, And thousands see them euery yeare, But sew I thinke can tell me where, Where Iesu Christ aloft doth stand, Law and learning on either hand,* 1.829 Discipline in the Deuils necke, And hard by her are three direct, There Iustice, Fortitude & Temperance stand, Where find ye the like in all this land.

Diuers Aldermen glased the great hall, and other courts as ap∣peareth by their Armes in each window. William Hariot Dra∣per Mayor 1481. gaue 40. pound to the making of two louers in the said Guildhal, and toward the glasing therof. The Kitchens* 1.830 and other houses of office, adioyning to this Guildhall were build∣ed of later time, to wit, about the yeare 1501. by procurement of Edmond Shaw Goldsmith Mayor: since which time the May∣ors feasts haue béene yearely kept there, which before time were kept in the Taylors hall, and the Grocers hall. Nicholas Al∣win Grocer Mayor 1499. deceased 1505. gaue by his testament for a hanging of tapestrie, to serue for principal daies in the Guild∣hall, 73. pound. 6. ••. 8. ••. Now for the Chappell or Colledge of our Ladie Mary Magdalen, and of All-saintes by the Guildhall,* 1.831 called London Colledge, I reade that the same was builded a∣bout the yeare 1299. And in a Recorde I find that Peter fane∣lore, Adam Frauncis, and Henry Frowike Citizens gaue one Messuage with the apurtenances in the parish of Saint Fawstar

to William Bramton Custos of the Chauntrie, by them founde in the said Chappell, with foure Chaplens, and one other house in the parish of S. Giles without Criplegate, in the 27. of Edward the third, which was about the yeere 1353. Moreouer I finde that Richard the 2. in the 20. of his raigne, graunted to Stephen Spilman, Mercer, licence to giue one messuage, 3. shops, and one garden, with the apurtenances, being in the parish of S. Andrew Hubbard, to the Custos and chaplens of the said chappell, and to their successors for their better reliefe and maintenance for euer.

King Henry the 6. in the eight of his raigne gaue licence to Iohn Barnard Custos, and the chaplens to builde of new the saide chappell or colledge of Guildhall, and the same Henry the 6. in the 27. of his raigne, graunted to the parish Clearkes in London & Guilde of S. Nicholas, for two Chaplens by them to bee kept in the said Chappell* 1.832 of S. Mary Magdalene, neare vnto the Guild∣hall, and to keepe 7. almes people. Henry Barton Skinner May∣or. founded a Chaplen there, Roger Depham Mercer, and Sir VVilliam Langford knight, had also chaplens there. This chap∣pell or colledge had a Custos, 7. chaplens, 3. clearkes, and foure Queristers.

Monumentes there haue béene sundry, as appeareth by the tombes of marble yet remaining, seuen in number, but all defaced. The vppermost in the quire on the South side thereof aboue the Reuestrie dore, was the tombe of Iohn Welles* 1.833 Grocer Mayor, 1431. The likenes of welles are grauen on the tombe, on the Re∣uestrie dore, and other places on that side the Quire. Also in the Glasse window ouer this tombe, and in the East window is the likenesse of welles, with handes eleuated out of the same welles, holding scrowles, wherein is written Mercy, the writing in the East window being broken yet remayneth Welles. I founde his armes also in the South glasse windowe, all which do shewe that the East ende and South side the Quire of this chappell, and the Reuestrie were by him both builded and glased: on the North side the Quire the tomb of Thomas Kneseworth Fishmonger May∣or 1505. who deceased 1515. was defaced, and within these 44. yeares againe renewed by the Fishmongers: two other tombes lower there are, the one of a Draper, the other of a Haberdasher, their names not knowne: Richard Stomine is written by in the

window by the Habardasher, vnder flat stones do lie diuers Cu∣stos of the Chappell, chaplens & officers to the chamber. Amongst others Iohn Clipstone priest, sometime Custos of the librarie of the Guildhall 1457. An other of Edmond Alison priest, one of the Custos of the librarie 1510. &c. Sir Iohn Langley Gold∣smith, Mayor 1576. lyeth buried in the vault, vnder the tombe and monument of Iohn Welles before named. This chappell or colledge (valued to dispence xij.••.viij.••.ix.••.by the yeare) was surrendred amongst other, the chappell remaineth to the Mayor and communaltie, wherein they haue seruice wéekely, as also at the election of the Mayor, and at the Mayors feast, &c.

Adioyning to this chappell on south side was sometime a fayre and large librarie,* 1.834 furnished with bookes, pertaining to the Guild∣hall and colledge: These bookes (as it is said) were in the raigne of Edward the 6. sent for by Edward Duke of Sommerset, Lord Protector, with promise to be restored shortly: men laded from thence thrée Carriers with them, but neuer returned. This libra∣rie was builded by the executors of R. Whittington, and by Wil∣liam Burie: the armes of Whittington are placed on the one side in the stone worke, and two letters, to wit, W. and B. for William Burie, on the other side: it is now lofted through, and made a store house for clothes. Southwest from this Guildhall, is the faire parish church of S. Laurence* 1.835 called in the Iunie, because of olde time since the raigne of William Conqueror (that first brought Iewes from Roan into this realme) many Iewes inha∣bited there about, vntill that in the yeare 1290. the 18. of Ed∣ward the first they were wholly and for euer by the said king bani∣shed* 1.836 this realme, hauing of their owne goodes to beare their char∣ges, till they were out of his dominions. The number of the Iewes at that time banished were 15060. persons whose houses being sold, the king made of them a mightie masse of money. This church is faire and large, and hath some monuments, as shall bee shewed. I my selfe more then 60. yeares since haue séene in this church the shanke bone of a man (as it is taken) and also a tooth of a very great bignesse hanged, vp for shewe in chaines of Iron vppon a pillar of stone, the tooth (being about the bignesse of a mans fist) is long since conueyed from thence•• the thigh or shanke bone of 25. inches* 1.837 in length by the rule, remaineth yet fastened to

a post of timber, & is not so much to be noted for the length, as for the thicknes, hardnes, and strength thereof, for when it was han∣ged on the stone pillar, it fretted with mouing the said pillar, and was not it selfe fretted, nor (as séemeth) is not yet lightned by re∣maining drie: but where or when this bone was first found or dis∣couered I haue not heard, and therfore reiecting the fables of some late writers I ouerpasse them. There lie buried in this church Elizabeth wife to Iohn Fortescue, Katherine Stoketon, Iohn Stratton, Phillip Albert, Iohn Fleming, Phillip Agmonde∣sham, William Skywith, Iohn Norlong, Iohn Baker, Tho∣mas Alleyne, William Barton Mercer, 1410. William Mel∣rith Mercer, one of the Sheriffes, 1425. Simon Bartlet Mercer 1428. Walter Chartsey Draper one of the Sheriffes, 1430. Richard Rich Esquire of London the father, and Richard Rich his sonne Mercer one of the Sheriffes, 1441. deceased 1469. with this Epitaph.

Respice quod opus est praesentis temporis aeuum, Omne quod est, nihil est praeter amare Deum.

This Richard was father to Iohn, buried in S. Thomas A∣cars, which Iohn was father to Thomas, father to Richard L. Ritch, &c. Iohn Pickering, honorable for seruice of his Prince, and for the English Merchantes beyond the seas, who deceased 1448. Godfrey Bollen Mercer Mayor, 1437. Thomas Bollen his sonne Esquire of Norfolke 1471. Iohn Atkenson, gentle∣man, Dame Mary S. Maure, Iohn Waltham, Roger Bonifant Iohn Chayhee, Iohn Abbot, Geffrey Filding Mayor 1452. and Angell his wife 1517. Simon Benington Draper, and Ioan his wife, Iohn Marshall Mercer Mayor 1493. Thomas Bur∣goine gentleman Mercer 1517. a Countesse of Cornewall and Chester, but her name and time is not there apparent, Sir Ri∣chard Gresham Mayor 1537. Sir Michell Dormer Mayor 1541. Robert Charsey one of the Sheriffes 1548. Sir William Row Ironmonger Mayor 1593. Thus much for Cheape ward, which hath an Alderman, his Deputie, Common Counsellors xj. Counstables xi. Scauengers ix. for the Wardemote inquest xij. and a Beadle. It is taxed to the fiftéene at 72. pounde, sixtéene shillings, and in the Exe••equer at 72. pound.

Colemanstreet Ward.

NExt to Cheape warde on the North side thereof is Colemanstreet Ward, and beginneth also in the East, on the course of Walbrooke in Lothbury and runneth west on the South side to the end of Iron∣mongers lane, and on the North side to the West corner of Bassings hall stréet. On the South side of Lothburie is the stréet called the old Iurie, the one halfe and better on both sides towards Cheape is of this Ward. On the North side lyeth Cole∣manstreet, whereof the ward taketh name, wholly on both sides North to London wall, and from that North ende along by the wall, and Moregate East, to the course of Walbrooke. And a∣gain from Colemanstreet west to the yron grates: and these be the bounds of this warde.

Antiquities to be noted therein are these: First the stréete of Lothberie, Lathberie, or Loadberie,* 1.838 (for by all these names haue I read it) tooke the name (as it séemeth) of Berie, or Court of old time there kept, but by whom is growne out of memorie. This stréete is possessed for the most part by Founders, that cast Can∣dlestickes, Chafingdishes, Spice morters, and such like Copper or Laton workes, and do afterwarde turne them with the foot and not with the whéele, to make them smooth and bright with tur∣ning and scrating (as some do tearme it) making a lothsome noyce to the by passers, that haue not béene vsed to the like, and there∣fore by them disdainfully called Lothberie. On the South side of this stréet, amongst the Founders by some faire houses, and large for merchants, namely one that of old time was the Iewes Sina∣gogue,* 1.839 which was defaced by the citizens of London after that they had slaine 700. Iewes and spoyled the residue of their goods in the yeare 1262. the 47. of Henry the third. And not long after in the yeare 1291. King Edward the first banished the renmant of the Iewes out of England, as is aforeshewed. The said sinagogue being so suppressed certaine Friers got possession thereof: For in the yeare 1257. (saith Mathew Parris) there were séene in Lon∣don a new order of Fryers, called de penitentia Iesu, or Fra••res de sacca,* 1.840 because they were apparelled in sackecloth, who had their house in London, néere vnto Aldersgate without the gate, and had licence of Henry the third, in the 54. of his raigne, to re∣moue

from thence to any other place: and in the 56. he gaue vnto them this Iewes Sinagogue: after which time Elianor the Quéene, wife to Edward the first tooke into her protection, and warranted vnto the Prior, & brethren de Penitentia Iesu Chri∣sti of London, the said lande and building in Colechurch stréete* 1.841 in the parish of S. Olaue in the Iurie, and S. Margaret in Lothbery by her granted, with consent of Stephen de Fulborne, vnder Warden of the Bridge house, & other brethren of that house for lx. marks of siluer, which they had receiued of y^e said Prior & brethren of Repentance, to the building of y^e said bridge. This order of friers gathered many good schollers, & multiplyed in number exceedingly, vntill the counsell at Lyons, by the which it was decréede, that from that time forth there should no more orders of begging Fry∣ers be permitted, but only the foure orders, to wit, the Dominick or preachers, the Minorites or Gray Fryers, the Carmelites or white Fryers, and the Augustines: and so from that time the begging Friers decreased, and fell to nothing. Now it followed that in the yeare 1305. Robert Fitzwalter* 1.842 requested and obtai∣ned of the said king Edward the first, that the same Fryers of the Sacke might assigne to the said Robert their chappel or church, of old time called the Sinagogue of the Iewes, néere adioyning to the then mansion place of the same Robert, where now standeth the Grocers hall: and the said Sinagogue was at the North cor∣ner of the old Iurie. Robert Large Mercer, Mayor in the yeare 1439. kept his Mayoraltie in this house, and dwelled there vntill his dying day. This house standeth and is of two parishes, as o∣pening into Lothberie, of S. Margarets parish, and opening into the old Iurie, of S. Olaues parish. The said Robert Large gaue liberally to both these parishes, but was buried at S. Olaues, Hugh Clopton Mercer Mayor, 1492. dwelled in this house, and kept his Mayoraltie there: it is nowe a Tauerne, and hath to signe a Windmill.* 1.843 And thus much for this house sometime the Iewes Sinagogue, since a house of Fryers, then a Noble mans house: after that a marchantes house, wherein Mayoralties haue beene kept, and now a wine Tauerne.

In the Olde Iurie is a proper parish Church of S. Olaue,* 1.844 in which to the commendation of the parishioners, the monumentes of the deade remaine lesse defaced then in many other: First of

VVilliam Dickman Ferono, or Ironmonger one of the She∣riffes 1367. Robert Haueloke Ironmonger, 1390. Iohn Or∣gan Mercer one of the Sheriffes 1385. Iohn Forest Uicker of S. Olaues, and the chappell annexed of S. Stephen 1399. Henry Eriole Taylor, 1400. Thomas Morsted Esquire Chirurgion to Henry the fourth, fift and sixt, one of the Sheriffes, 1436. hee builded a faire new Ile, to the inlargement of this church, on the North side thereof, wherin he lyeth buried 1450. Adam Break∣speare Chaplen 1411. VVilliam Kerkbie Mercer 1465. Ro∣bert Large Mercer Mayor 1440. He gaue to that Church 200 pound. Iohn Belwine Founder, 1467. Gabriel Raue Fuller 1511. Wentworth Esquire 1510. Thomas Michell Iron∣monger 1527. Giles Dewes seruant to Henry the seuenth, and to Henry the eight Clearke of their libraries, and Schoolemaister for the French tongue to Prince Arthur, and to the Ladie Mary, 1535. Richard Chamberlaine Ironmonger, one of the She∣riffes 1562. Edmond Burlacy Mercer 1583. &c.

From this parish church of S. Olaue, to the North ende of the Old Iurie, and from thence West to the North ende of the Iron∣mongers lane, and from the sayde corner into Ironmongers lane almost to the parrish Church of Saynt Marten, was of olde time one large building of stone, very auncient, but of what antiquitie, or by whom the same was builded, or for what vse I haue not learned more then that king Henry the 6. in the 16. of his raigne, gaue the office of being Porter or keeper thereof, vnto Iohn Stent for tearme of his life, by the name of his principall pallace in the olde Iurie:* 1.845 this was in my youth called the old war∣drope: but of later time the outwarde stone wall hath béene by lit∣tle and little taken downe, and diuers fayre houses builded there∣vpon, euen round about.

Now for the North side of this Lothburie, beginning againe at the East end thereof, vpon the water course of Walbrooke haue ye a proper parish church called of S. Margaret,* 1.846 which séemeth to be newly reedified and builded about the yeare 1440. for Robert Large gaue to the Quire of that church, 100. shillings and twen∣tie pounde for ornamentes, more to the vaulting ouer the water∣course of Walbrooke by the saide church, for the inlarging thereof two hundred markes.

There be monumentes in this church of Reginald Coleman sonne to Robert Coleman buried there 1383. This saide Ro∣bert Coleman may be supposed to be the first builder and honor or Coleman stréete, and that Saint Stephens church then builded in Coleman streete was but a chappell, belonging to the parish Church of Saint Olaue in the Iury: for we reade (as afore) that Iohn Forest Uicker of Saint Olaues, and of the chappel annexed of S. Stephen, deceased in the yeare 1399. This may bee some argument, which I euerpasse. Sir Brian Tewke knight, Trea∣surer of the chamber to King Henry the eight, and Dame Grisil∣de his wife that deceased after him was there buried, 1536. Iohn Fetiplace Draper Esquire 1464. and Ioan his wife. Sir Hugh VVitch Mercer Knight, sonne to Richard VVitch intombed there 1466. He gaue to his third wife thrée thousand pounde, and to maides mariages fiue hundred markes: Sir Iohn Leigh 1564 with this Epitaph.

No wealth, no prayse, no bright renowne no skill, No force, no fame, no princes loue, no toyle, Though forraigne land by trauaile search ye will, No faithfull seruice of the country soyle Can life prolong one minute of an houre, But death at length will execute his power, For Sir Iohn Leigh to sundry countries knowne, A worthy knight well of his prince esteemde, By seeing much to great experience growne Though safe on seas, though sure on land he seemde, Yet here hee lyeth too soone by death opprest, His fame yet liues, his soule in heauen doth rest.

By the West end of this parish church haue ye a faire water Conduit,* 1.847 builded at the charges of the cittie, in the yeare one thou∣sand fiue hundred fortie sixe. Sir Martin Bowes being Mayor: this water is conueyed in great abundance from diuers springes without the North wall of the cittie, lying betwixt Hoxton and Iseldon.

Next is the Founders Hall,* 1.848 a proper house, and so long West to the Southwest corner of Bassinges Hall stréete, haue ye

fayre and large houses for marchantes: namely the corner house. at the ende of Bassinges hall streete, an old peece of worke buil∣ded of stone &c. a part whereof hath beene lately imployed as a market house for the sale of Wollen, Bayes,* 1.849 Wodmels, Fla∣nels and such like. In this north side against the olde Iury, is Colemanstreete, so called of Coleman the first Builder and Ow∣ner thereof, as also of Cole church or Coleman church, against the great conduite in Cheape. This is a fayre and large streete re∣plenished on both sides with diuers fayre houses, besides Allies and small Tenementes in great number.

On the east side of this streete, almost at the north ende there∣of, is the Armorers hal:* 1.850 also on the same side is kinges Alley,* 1.851 and Loue lane,* 1.852 both conteyning many Tenements. And on the west side towardes the south end is the parish Church of S. Stephen,* 1.853 where the monumentes are defaced, there is one Tombe on the South side the Quire but without inscription. I read that Tho∣mas Bradbury Mercer Maior, in the yeare 1509. was buried there, his Tomb is on the north side the Quire, & also one Edmond Harlocke Curriar to bee a great benefactor, Sir Iohn Garme, Skirringham, 1468. Richard Hamney 1418. Richard Colsel, &c. By the east end of this church is placed a Cocke of sweete water,* 1.854 taken out of the maine pipe that goeth into Lothbery: also in London wal* 1.855 directly against the north end of Coleman streete, haue yee a conduite of water made at the charges of Thomas Ex∣men Goldsmith Maior, 1517. And let here be the ende of this ward, which hath an Alderman his deputie, common Councellors foure, Constables foure, Scauengers foure, of the Wardmote inquest thirteene and a Beadle. It is taxed to the fifteene, in Lon∣don, at 19. ••. and in the Exchequer' at 19. ••.

Bassinges hall warde.

THe next adioyning to Colemanstreete ward on the west side thereof is Bassinges hall warde,* 1.856 a small thing & consisteth of one street called Bassinges hal streete, of Bassinges hall, the most principall house of that streete whereof the warde taketh name. It beginneth in the south by the late spoken market house called the Bay hall, which is the last house of Colemanstreete warde,

this streete runneth from thence north down to London wall, and some little distance both east and west, against the saide wall, and this is the boundes of Bassinges hall warde. Monumentes of building on the east side thereof, amongst diuers fayre houses for marchants, haue ye 3. halles of Companies, namely, the Masons hall* 1.857 for y^e first, but of what antiquitie that Company I haue not read. The next is the Weauers hal,* 1.858 which Companie hath been of great antiquitie in this Citie, as appeareth by a Charter of Henry the second,* 1.859 in these wordes, Rex omnibus ad quos &c. to be eng∣lished thus, Henry king of England, Duke of Normandy, and of Gwian, Earle of A••diow, to the Bishop, Iustices, Sheriffes, Barons, Ministers, and al his trew Leagues of London, sendeth greeting, know ye that we haue granted to the Weauers in Lon∣don, their Guilde to be had in London, with all the Freedomes, and Customes, that they had in time of king Henry* 1.860 my Grand∣father, so that none but they intermit within the citie of their craft but hee bee of their Guilde, neither in Southwarke or other pla∣ces pertayning to London, otherwise then it was done in the time of king Henry my Grandfather: wherfore I will and straightly command that ouer all lawfully, they may treat, and haue all a∣foresaide, as well in peace, free, worshipfull, and wholy, as they had it, freer, better, worshipfullier, and wholier, then in the time of king Henry my Grandfather, so that they yeeld yearelie to mee two markes of gold, at the feast of S. Michaell, and I forbid that any man to them do any vnright, or disease, vpon pain of ten pound witnes Thomas of Canterbury, Warwicke fili Gar. Cham∣berlaine at Winchester.* 1.861 Also I read that the same Henry the second in the 31: of his raigne, made a confirmation to the Wea∣uers that had a Guilde or Fraternitie in London, wherein it ap∣peareth that the saide Weauers made wolen cloth, and that they had the correction thereof, but amongst other Articles in that patent, it was decreede, that if any man made cloth of Spanish wooll, mixed with English Wooll, the Port graue, or principall magistrate of London ought to burne it, &c.

Moreouer in the yeare 1197. king Richarde the first at* 1.862 the instance of Hubert Archbishop of Canterbury and Iusticiar of England ordeyned that the wollen clothes in euery part of this realme should be in bredth two yards within the listes and as good

in the middest as in the sides &c. King Henry the thirde granted to the citizens of London that they should not be vexed, for the bu∣rels, or clothlisted, according to the constitution made for bredth of cloth, the ninth of his raigne, &c.

Lower downe is the Girdlars hall, and this is all touching the east side of this ward.* 1.863

On the west side almost at the south end thereof is Bakewel hall, corruptlie called Blackewell hall,* 1.864 concerning the originall whereof I haue heard diuers opinions, which I ouerpasse as fa∣bles, without colour of truth, for though the same seemed a buil∣ding of great antiquitie, yet in mine opinion the foundation there∣of was first laide since the Conquest of VVilliam Duke of Nor∣mandy: for the same was builded vpon vaultes of stone, which stone was brought from Cane in Normandy, the like of that of Paules Church, builded by Mauritious and his successors Bi∣shops of London: but that this house hath beene a Temple or Iewish Sinagogue (as some haue fantasied) I allow not, seeing that it hath no such forme of roundnes, or other likenesse, neither had it the forme of a Church, for the assembly of Christians which are builded East and West, but contrariwise the same was builded North and South, and in forme of a noble mans house, and therefore the best opinion in my indgement is that, it was of olde time belongiug to the family of the Bassinges,* 1.865 which was in this Realme, a name of great antiquitie and renowne, and that it bare also the name of that family, and was called therefore Bassinges* 1.866 Haugh, or Hall: whereunto I am the rather induced, for that the Armes of that family were of olde time so abundantlie placed in sundry partes of that house, euen in the stone worke, but more es∣pecially on the walles of the hall, which carried a continuall pain∣ting of them on euery side so close together, as one escutcheō could be placed by another, which I my selfe haue often seene and noted before the old building was taken downe: these Armes were a Gerond of twelue pointes, golde and azure. Of the Bassinges* 1.867 therefore builders of this house, and owners of the ground, neare adioyning, that warde taketh the name, as Coleman street warde of Coleman, and Faringden warde of VVilliam and Nicholas Faringden, men that were principall owners of those places.

And of olde time the most noble persons that inhabited this

Citie, were appointed to be principall magistrates there, as was Godfrey de Magun (or Magnauile) Portgraue or Sheriffe, in the raign of William Conqueror, and of William Rufus, Hugh de Buch, in the raigne of Henry the first, Aubery de vere Earle of Oxforde, after him Gilbert Becket, in the raigne of king Ste∣phen, after that Godfrey de Magnauile the sonne of William the sonne of Godfrey de Magnauile Earles of Essex, were Port∣graues or Sheriffes of London, and Middlesex. In the raigne of Henry the second, Peter Fitzwalter: after him Iohn Fitznigel &c. so likewise in the raigne of king Iohn, the 16. of his raigne, a time of great trobles in the yeare 1214. Salomon Bassing,* 1.868 and Hugh Bassing, Barons of this Realme, as may be supposed were Sheriffes: and the saide Salomon Bassing was Maior in the yere 1216. which was the first of Henry the thirde, also Adam Bas∣sing sonne to Salomon (as it seemeth) was one of the Sheriffes in the yeare 1243. the 28. of Henry the thirde.

Unto this Adam de Bassing, king Henry the thirde in the 31 of his raigne gaue and confirmed certaine messuages in Alderman bury, and in Milke streete (places not far from Bassinges hall) with the aduowson of the Church at Bassinges hal, with sundrie liberties and priuiledges.

This man was afterwardes Maior in the yeare 1251. the 36. of Henry the thirde, moreouer Thomas Bassing was one of the Sheriffes, 1269. Robert Bassing Sheriffe, 1279. and Willi∣am Bassing was Sheriffe 1308. &c. for more of the Bassinges in this Citie I need not note, onely I read of a branch of this family of Bassinges, to haue spread it self into Cambridge ••hire, near vnto a water or bourne, and was therefore for a difference from other of that name, called Bassing* 1.869 at the bourn, and more shortly Bassing borne. But this family is also worne out, and hath left the name to the place, where they dwelt. Thus much for this Bassinges hall.

Now how Blakewell hall* 1.870 tooke that name is an other question: for which I reade that Thomas Bakewell dwelled in this house, in the six and thirteth of Edwarde the thirde, and that in the 20. of Richarde the second, the saide king for the summe of fifty poundes which the Maior and Comminaltie had paide into the Hanapar granted, licence so much as was in him

to Iohn Frosh, William Parker, and Stephen Spilman (Citizens and Mercers) that they, the saide messuage, called Bakewell hal, and one garden with the appurtenances in the parish of S. Mi∣chaell of Bassings haugh, and of S. Lawrence in the Iury of London, and one messuage, two shops, and one Garden, in the saide parish of S. Michaell, which they held of the king in bur∣gage, might giue and assigne to the Maior and Comminaltie for e∣uer.

This Bakewell hall* 1.871 thus established, hath beene long since im∣ployed as a weekelie market place, for all sortes of Wollen clothes broade and narrow, brought from all parts of this Realme, there to be solde. The which house of late yeares growing ruinous and in danger of falling, Richarde May Marchant Taylor at his decease gaue towardes the new building* 1.872 of the outward part thereof 300. pound••s vpon condition that the same should be per∣formed within three yeres after his decease, whereupon the olde Bakewell hal, was taken downe, and in the moneth of February next following, the foundation of a new strong & beutifull Store house being laide, the worke thereof was so diligently applied that within the space of ten monethes after, to the charges of fiue and twentie hundred poundes, the same was finished in the yeare 1588.

Next beyond this house be placed diuers fayre houses for mar∣chantes and others, till yee come to the backe gate of Guild hall, which gate and parte of the building within the same, is of this warde. Some small distance beyond this gate, the Coopers haue their common hall. Then is the parish church of S. Michaell.* 1.873 called S. Michaell at Bassinges hall, a proper church lately ree∣dified, or new builded, whereto Iohn Barton Mercer and Agnes his wife were great benefactors, as appeareth by his marke pla∣ced throughout the whole roofe of the Quier, and middle Ile of the church, hee deceased in the yeare 1460. and was buried in the Quire with this Epitaph.

Iohn Barton lyeth vnder here, Sometimes of London Citizen and Mercer, And Ienet his wife, with their progeny, Beene turned to earth as yee may see,

Frendes free what so yee bee, Pray for vs wee you pray, As you see vs in this degree, So shall you bee another day.

Frances Cooke, Iohn Martin, Edward Bromflit, Esqui∣er of Warwickshire, 1460. Richard Barnes, Sir Roger Roe, Roger Velden, 1479. Sir Iames Yarforde, Mercer Maior, deceased 1527. and buried vnder a fayre Tombe with his Lady in a speciall Chappell by him builded, on the North side the Quier, Sir Iohn Gresham Mercer Maior, who deceased 1554. Sir Iohn Ailife Chirurgeon, then a Grocer, one of the Sheriffes, 1548. Nicholas Bakhurst one of the Sheriffes 1577. VVolstō Dixie S••••inner Maior, 1585. &c. And thus I ende this warde, which hath an Alderman his Deputie, for common Counsaile 4. Constables two, Scauengers two, for the Wardmote inquest seauenteene, and a Beadle, it is taxed to the fiteene in London seauen pound, and likewise in the Exchequer at

Criplesgate warde.

THe Next ward is called of Criplesgate,* 1.874 and con∣sisteth of diuers streetes and lanes, lying aswell without the gate and wall of the citie, as with in: for first within the wall on the east parte thereof, towardes the north it runneth to the west side of Bassinges hal ward: and towards the south it ioyneth to the warde of Cheape, it beginneth at the west ende of S. Lawrence church, in the Iury, on the north side and runneth west to a Pump, where sometime was a well, with two Bucketes, at the south corner of Aldermanbury streete, which streete runneth downe north to Gay spurre lane, and so to London wall, which streete and lane are wholy on both sides of this warde, and so bee some few houses on both the sides from Gay spurre lane, by and against the wall of the citie, east to the Grates made for the Watercourse of the channels, and west to Criples gate. Now on the south side from ouer against the west end of S. Lawrence church, to the Pumpe, and then vp Milke streete, south vnto Cheape, which Milkestreete, is wholy on both the sides of Cripplegate warde, as also without the South

end of Milkestreete, a part of west Cheape, to wit from the stan∣darde to the Crosse, is all of Cripplegate warde. Then downe greate Woodstreete, which is wholy of this warde on both the sides thereof, so is little Woodstreete which runneth downe to Cripplegate.

Out of this Woodstreete be diuers lanes, namely on the east side is Lad lane, which runneth east to Milkestreete corner, down lower in Woodstreete is Loue lane, which lyeth by the south side of S. Albons church in Woodstreete, and runneth downe to the Conduite in Aldermanbury stréete. Lower downe in Woode∣streete is Addlestreete, out of the which runneth Phillippe lane, downe to London wall. These be the lanes on the east side.

On the west side of Woodestreete is Hugen lane by the south side of S. Michaels church, and goeth through ••o Guthuruns lane. Then lower is Maiden lane, which runneth west to the North end of Guthurouns lane, and vp to the said lane on the east side thereof, till against Kery lane, and backe againe: then the saide Maiden lane, on the north side goeth vp to Stayning lane, and vp a part thereof on the east side, to the farthest north part of Haber∣dashers hall, and backe againe to Woodstreete, and there lower downe is Siluer streete, which is of this warde, till yee come to the east end of S. Oliues church, on the south side, and to Munkes well streete on the north side, then downe the saide Munkes well streete on the East side thereof, and so to Criples gate, doe make the bounds of this warde, within the walles.

Without Cripplegate, Forestreete runneth thwart before the gate, from against the North side of S. Giles church, along to More lane end, and to a Posterne lane ende that runneth betwixt the Towne ditch on the south, and certaine gardens on the North almost to Moregate, at the east of which lane is a pat-makers house, which house with all other the gardens, houses, and Allies on that side the Morefieldes, t••••l yee come to a Bridge and Cow∣house neare vnto Fensbery Court is all of Criplegate ward: then to turn backe again through the said Posterne lane to More lane, which More lane with all the Allies and buildinges there, is of this warde, after that is Grubstreete, more then halfe thereof to the straightning of the streete, next is Whitecrosse streete, vp to the end of Bech lane, and then Redcrosse streete wholy, with a

parte of Goldinglane, euen to the Posts there placed, as a houn∣der.

Then is Bech lane before spoken of, on the east side of the Red crosse, and the Barbican streete, more then halfe thereof, towarde Aldersgate streete, and so haue you all the boundes of Criplegate warde without the walles.

Now for Antiquities and Ornamentes in this warde, meete to be noted: I finde first at the meeting of the corners of the olde Iury, Milkestreete, Lad lane, and Aldermanbury, there was of olde time a fayre well with two buckets, of late yeares conuerted to a Pumpe,* 1.875 how Aldermanbury streete tooke that name, manie fables haue beene bruted, all which I ouerpasse as not worthy the accounting, but to be short and plaine, I say that this streete tooke the name of Aldermans bury (which is to say a court) there kept in their Bery, or Court hall, now called the Guildehall, which hall of olde time stoode on the East side of the same streete not far from the west end of Guild hall now vsed. Touching the antiquitie of this old Aldermans bery or court, I haue not read other then that Richarde Renery one of the Sheriffes of London, in the first of Richarde the first, which was in the yeare of Christ 1189. gaue to the church of S. Mary at Osney,* 1.876 by Oxforde, certaine ground and rents in Aldermanbury of London, as appeareth by the Register of that Church, and is also entred in the Hoistinges of the Guild hall in London: this old Bery court or hal conti∣nued & the courts of the Maior & Aldermen were continually hol∣den there vntil the new Bery court or Guild hal that now is was builded and finished, which hall was first begun to be founded in y^e yeare 1411. and was not fully finished in 20. yeares after, I my∣selfe haue seene the ruines of the old Court hall in Aldermanbury street which of late hath been imployed as a Carpenters yard &c.

In this Aldermanbury streete bee diuers fayre houses on both the sides, meete for marchantes or men of Worship, and in the middest thereof is a fayre conduite made at the charges of VVil∣liam Eastfielde, sometime Maior, who tooke order aswell for water to be conueyed, from Teyborne, and for the building of this Conduite not far distant from his dwelling house, as also for a Standarde of sweet water, to be erected in Fleetestreete, all which was don by his executors, as in another place I haue shewed

Then is the parish Church of S. Mary Aldermanberie,* 1.877 a fayre Church with a churchyard, and cloister adioyning, in the which cloyster is hanged and fastened a shanke bone of a man* 1.878 (as is said) very great, and larger by thrée inches and a halfe then that which hangeth in S. Laurence church in the Iurie, for it is in length 28 inches and a halfe of assise, but not so hard and stéele like as the o∣ther, for the same is light and somewhat porie and spongie. This bone is said to bee found amongst the bones of men remoued from the charnell house of Paules, or rather from the Cloyster of Pauls church, of both which reports I haue some doubt, for that the late Reyne Wolfe* 1.879 Stationer (who paid for the cariage of those bones from the charnell to the Morefields) told me of some thousands of Carrie loades and more to be conueighed, whereof hee wondred, but neuer tolde mee of any such bone in eyther place to be founde, neither would the same haue béene easily gotten from him if he had heard thereof, except he had reserued the like for himselfe, being one of the greatest serchers, and preseruers of antiquities in those parts for his time. True it is that this bone, (from whence soe∣uer it came) being of a man, as the forme sheweth) must needes bee monstrous, and more then after the proportion of fiue shanke bones of any man now liuing amongst vs. There lie buried in this church Simon Winchcombe Esquire 1391. Robert Combar∣ton 1422. Iohn Wheatly Mercer 1428. Sir William Estfild, Knight of the Bathe Mayor, 1438. a great benefactor to that church vnder a faire monument, he also builded their stéeple, chan∣ged their old bels into 5. tunable bels, & gaue one hundred pounds to other workes of that church. Moreouer he caused the Conduit in Aldermanbery* 1.880 which he had begun to be performed at his char∣ges, and water to be conueighed by pypes of leade from Tyborne to Fl••etestréete, as I haue said. And also from high Berie to the parish of S. Giles without Criplegate, where the inhabitantes of those parts incastellated the same in sufficient cesternes. Iohn Mi∣dleton Mercer Mayor 1472. Iohn Tomes Draper 1486. Wil∣liam Bucke Taylor 1501. Sir William Browne Mayor 1507 Dame Margaret Ienings wife to Stephen Ieninges Mayor 1515. A widow named Starkey, somtime wife to Modie, Raffe Woodcocke Grocer, one of the Sheriffes 1586. Dame Mary Gresham wife to Sir Iohn Gresham 1538. Thomas Godfrey

Remembrancer of the Office of the first fruites, 1577. Beneath this church haue ye Gay spur lane,* 1.881 which runneth down to Lon∣don walle, as is afore shewed. In this, at the North end thereof was of old time a house of Nunnes, which house being in great decay, William Elsing* 1.882 Mercer in the yeare of Christ 1329. the 3. of Edward the 3. began in place thereof, the foundation of an Ho∣spitall, for sustentation of 100. blind men, towardes the erection whereof, he gaue his two houses in the parishes of S. Alphage and our blessed Ladie in Aldermanberie neere Criplegate, obtaining first the Kinges licence of Mortmaine, vnder the great seale of England. This house was after called a priorie or Hospitall of S. Mary the Uirgin founded in the yeare 1332. by V V. Elsing, for Canons Regular: the which W. Becam the first Prior there, Ro∣bert Elsing son to the said W. gaue to the said Hospitall 12. ••. by the yeare for the finding of 3. priests, he also gaue 100. ••. towards the inclosing of the New churchyard without Aldegate* 1.883 and 100. ••. to the inclosing of the New-churchyard without Aldersgate, to Thomas Elsing his sonne 80. ••. the rest of his goods to be sold, and giuen to the poore. This house valued 193. ••. 15. ••. 5. •• was sur∣rendered the xi.of May, the xxij.of Henry the eight.

The monumentes that were in this church defaced. Tho∣mas Cheney sonne to William Cheney, Thomas, Iohn and William Cheney, Iohn Northampton Drayer Mayor 1381. Edmond Hungerford, Henry Frowike, Ioan daughter to Sir Hilliam Cheney, wife to William Stokes, Robert Eldarbroke Esquire 1460. Dame Ioan Ratcliffe, William Fowler, William Kingstone, Thomas Swineley & Helen his wife &c. The princi∣pall Ile of this church was pulled down, and a frame of foure hou∣ses set vp in the place: the other part of this church was conuerted into a parish church of S. Alphage,* 1.884 and the parish church which stoode neare vnto the wall of the Cittie by Criplesgate was pulled downe and the plot thereof was made a Carpenters yarde, with sawe pittes. The Hospitall it selfe, the Prior, and chanons house with other lodginges, were made a dwelling house, the church yard is a garden plotte, and a faire gallerie on the cloister: the lodgings for the poore are translated into stabling for horses.* 1.885

In the yeare 1541. Sir Iohn Williams maister of the kinges Iewels, dwelling in this house on Chrismas euen at night, about

seuen of the clocke, a great fire began in the gallerie thereof, which burned so sore, that the flame fiering the whole house and consu∣ming it, was séene all the citie ouer, and was hardely quenched, whereby many of the kings Iewels were burned, and more imbe∣seled (as was said). The Lord William of Thame was buried in this church, and so was his successor in that house, Sir Rowland Heyward Mayor &c. Now to returne to Milkestréete, so called of milke sold there (as is supposed) there be many faire houses for wealthy merchants, & other: amongst the which I read that Gre∣gorie Rokesley chiefe say maister of the kings mints, and Mayor of London in the yeare 1275.* 1.886 the third of Edwarde the first (in which office he continued 7. yeares together) dwelled in this milk∣stréet, in an house belonging to the priorie of Lewes in Sussex wherof he was tenant at wil paying xx.••.by the yere without be∣ing bounden to rerparations or other charge: such were the rents of those times. In this Milkestreet is a small parish church of S. Mary Magdaline, which hath of late yeares beene repaired, Wil∣liam Browne Mayor, 1513. gaue to this church 40. pound, and was buried there, Thomas Exmew Mayor 1528. gaue 40. ••. and was buried there, so was Iohn Mitford one of the Sheriffes, 1375. Iohn Olney Mayor 1475. Richard Rawson one of the Sherifs, 1476. Henry Kelsey, Sir Iohn Browne Mayor 1497 Thomas Muschampe one of the Sherifs, 1463. Sir William Cantilo Knight, Mercer 1462. Henry Cantlow Mercer mer∣chant of the Staple, who builded a chappell and was buried there∣in 1495. Iohn West Mercer Alderman 1517. Iohn Machel Al∣derman 1558. Thomas Skinner Clothworker Mayor 1596.

Then next to this is Woodstréet,* 1.887 by what reason so called I know not, true it is that of old time according to a decrée made in the raigne of Richard the first, the houses in London were builded of stone for defence of fire, which kind of building was vsed for 200. yeares or more, but of later time for the winning of ground those houses haue béene taken down, and houses of timber set vp in place. It séemeth therefore that this stréet hath béene of the later building, all of timber, (for not one house of stone hath béene knowne there) and therefore called Woodstréet, otherwise it might take the name of some builder or owner thereof.

Thomas Wood one of the Sheriffes in the yeare 1491. dwel∣led

was father to my louing friend William Lambarde Esquire, well knowne by sundry learned bookes that he hath published. Iohn Medley Chamberlain of London, Iohn Marsh Esquire Mercer and common Sergeant of London &c. There is also (but without any outward monument) the head of Iames the fift king of Scots of that name, slaine at Flodden field, and buried here by this occa∣sion.* 1.888 After the battaile the bodie of the said King being founde, was closed in lead, and conueyed from thence to London, and so to the Monasterie of Sheyne in Surrey, where it remained for a time, in what order I am not certaine: but since the dissoluti∣on of that house, in the raigne of Edward the sixt, Henry Cray Duke of Suffolke, being lodged and kéeping house there: I haue béene shewed the same bodie so lapped in lead, close of the head and bodie, throwne into a waste roome, amongst the old timber, leade, and other rubble. Since the which time workemen there for their foolish pleasure hewed off his head: and Launcelot Young at this present mayster Glasier to her Maiestie, féeling a swéet sa∣uour to come from thence, and séeing the same dryed from all moi∣sture, and yet the forme remayning, with the hayre of the heade, and beard red, brought it to London to his house in Woodstréet, where for a time he kept it for the swéetnesse, but in the end caused the Sexton of that church to burie it amongst other bones, taken out of their charnell &c. I reade in diuers Recordes of a house in Woodstréet then called Blacke Hall,* 1.889 but no man at this day can tell thereof.

On the North side of this S. Michaels church is Mayden lane, now so called, but of old time Ingenelane, or Inglane.* 1.890 In this lane the Waxchandlers haue their common hall on the south side thereof: and the Haberdashers haue their like Hall on the North side at Staning lane end.* 1.891 This company of the Haberdashers,* 1.892 or Hurrers of old time so called, were incorporated a brotherhoode of S. Katherine, the 26. of Henry the sixt, and so confirmed by Hen∣ry the seuenth the 17. of his raigne, the Cappers and Hat Mer∣chants or Hurrers being one company of Haberdashers.

Downe lower in Woodstréet is Siluerstreete* 1.893 (I thinke of sil∣uer smithes dwelling there) in which be diuers faire houses, and on the North side thereof is Monkes well street,* 1.894 so called of a well at the North end therof, where the Abbot of Garendon had an house

or Cell called S. Iames in the wall by Criplesgate, and certaine Monkes of their house were the Chaplens there, wherefore the well (belonging to that Cell or Hermitage) was called Monkes well, and the stréet, of the well, Monkes well street.

The East side of this streete downe against London wall, and the South side thereof to Criplesgate bee of Criplesgate ward, as is afore shewed. In this street by the corner of Monks well street is the Bowyers Hall.* 1.895 On the said East side of Monks well street be proper Almes houses* 1.896 12. in number founded by Sir Ambrose Nicholas Salter Mayor 1575. wherein be placed 12. poore and aged people rent free, hauing each of them vij.pence the wéeke, and once the yeare each of them fiue sacks of: Charcoales, and one quarter of an hundreth of Faggots of hisgift for euer.

Then in little Woodstreet* 1.897 be 7. proper Chambers in an Alley on the west side, founded for seuen poore people therein to dwel rent free, by Henry Barton Skinner Mayor, 1416. Thus much for the Monuments of this ward within the walles.

Now without the Posterne of Criplesgate,* 1.898 first is the parish church of S. Giles, a very faire and large church lately repaired af∣ter y^t the same was burned, in the yeare 1545. the 37. of Henry the 8. by which mischance the monuments of the dead in this church are very few: notwithstanding I haue read of these following to be buried there, to wit, Elianor wife to Iohn Writh Esquire, daughter to Thomas Arnald Esquire, sister and heir to Richard Arnald Esquire, Iohn her sonne and heyre, Margaret VVrith her daughter, Iohn Brigget, Thomas Ruston, Gentleman, Iohn Talbot Esquire, and Katherine his wife, Thomas Warfle, and Isabel his wife, Thomas ••ucie Gentleman 1447. Raph Roch∣ford Knight 1439. Ed ••ond Water Esquire, Elizabeth wife to Richarde Barnes, sister and heire to Richarde Malgraue E∣squire of Essex, Richard Gowre Esquire Iohn Gowre Esquire, Frauncis Baromi of Mi••laine 1546. Sir Henry Grey Knight, sonne and heire to Geroge Grey Earle of Kent, 1562. Reginald Grey Earle of Kent, Richard Choppin Tallow Chandler one of the Sheriffes 1530. Iohn Hamber Esquire 1573. Thomas Hanley alias Clarenciaux, Herrald of Armes, Thomas Busby Cooper who gaue the Quéenes head Tauerne to the reliefe of the

poore in y^e parish 1575. Iohn Whelar Goldsmith 1575. William Bolene Phisition 1587. Williā Bolene 1575. Richard Bolene 1563. Robert Crowley•• Uicker and Preacher there: all these foure vnder one olde stone in the Quire, the learned Iohn Fox writer of the Actes and Monuments of the English Church 1587. The skilfull Robert Glouer alias Sommerset Herralde, 1588.

There was in this church of old time a fraternitie or brother∣hood* 1.899 of our blessed Ladie, or Corpus Christi, and Saynt Gyles founded by Iohn Belancer in the raigne of Edwarde the thirde, the 35. yeare of his raigne.

Some smal distance from the East end of this church is a water Conduit,* 1.900 brought in pipes of Leade frō Higberie by Iohn Mid∣dleton one of the executors to Sir William Eastfielde, and of his goods, the inhabitantes adioyning castilated it of their owne costes and charges, about the yeare 1483.

There was also a Bosse of cleare water, in the wall of the churchyard,* 1.901 made at the charges of Richard Whittington some∣times Mayor, and was like to that of Belingsgate: of late the same was turned into an euill pumpe, and so is cleane decayed.

There was also a fayre Poole* 1.902 of cleare water neare vnto the Parsonage, on the west side thereof, which was filled vp, in the raigne of Henry the sixt, the spring was coaped in, and arched o∣uer with hard stone, and staires of stone to go downe to the spring, on the banke of the towne ditch: and this was also done of the goods, and by the executors of Richard Whittington.

In Whitecrosse stréete* 1.903 King Henry the fift builded one fayre house, and founded there a brotherhoode of Saynt Giles, to bee kept, which house had sometime beene an Hospitall of the French order,* 1.904 & being suppressed, the lands were giuen to the brotherhood for reliefe of the poore, One alley of diuers tenements ouer against the north wal of S. Giles churchyard, was appointed to the almes houses for the poore, wherein they dwelled rent frée, and otherwise were relieued: but the said brotherhood was suppressed by Henry the eight, since which time Sir Iohn Gresham Mayor purchased the landes thereof, and gaue it to the maintenance of a frée schoole, which he had founded at Holt, a market towne in Norfolke.

In Red Crosse stréete* 1.905 on the West side, from Saint Gyles Church yard, vp to the said Crosse, be many faire houses builded outward, with diuers Alleyes turning into a large plot of ground, of olde time called the Iewes Garden:* 1.906 as being the onely place appointed them in England, wherin to bury their dead: till the yeare 1177. the 24. of Henry the second, that it was permitted to them (after long sute to the King, and Parliament at Oxford) to haue a speciall place as∣signed them in euery quarter where they dwelled.

This plot of ground remained to the said Iewes, til the time of their finall banishment out of England, and is now turned into faire gar∣den plots and sommer houses for pleasure.

On the East side of this Red Crosse stréete, be also diuers faire houses, vp to the Crosse. And there is Béech Lane,* 1.907 peraduenture so called of Nicholas de la Beeche, Lieutenant of the Tower of Lon∣don, and put out of that Office in the 13. of Edward the third. This Lane stretcheth from the Red Crosse stréete, to white Crosse stréete, and is replenished, not with Béech Trées, but with beautifull hou∣ses, of stone, brick, and timber. Amongst the which, was of old time, a great house pertaining to the Abbot of Ramsey,* 1.908 for his lodging when he repaired to the Cittie: It is now called Drewry house, of Sir Drewe Drewry, a worshipfull owner thereof.

On the North side of this Béech Lane, towards White Crosse stréet, the Drapers of London haue lately builded 8. Almes houses* 1.909 of brick and timber, for 8. poore Widowes of their owne Company, whom they haue placed there Rent frée, according to the gift of the Ladie Askewe, Widowe to Sir Christopher Askewe sometime Draper and Maior. 1533.

Then in Golding Lane be also Almes houses,* 1.910 13. in number, and so many poore people placed in them Rent free, and euery one hath two pence by the wéeke for euer. Of the foundation of Tho∣mas Hayes Chamberlaine of London, in the latter time of Henry the eight, he left faire lands about Iseldonne, to maintaine his foun∣dation: Maister Ironmonger hath the Order of them.

On the West side of the Red Crosse, is a stréet called the Barbican, because sometime there stood on the North side therof, a Burgh-Ke∣ning* 1.911 or Watch Tower of the citie, called in some language a Bar∣bican, as a bikening is called a Becon: this Brugh-Kening was by

the name of the Manner of Base court, was giuen by Edward the 3. to Robert Vfford Earle of Suffolke, and is now pertaining to Pe∣regrine Bartie, Lord VVilloughby of Ersby.

Next adioyning to this, is one other great house, called Gar∣terhouse,* 1.912 sometime builded by Sir Thomas VVrithe, (or VVri∣thesley) knight, Alias Garter, principall King of Armes, second son of Syr Iohn VVrithe knight, Alias Garter, and was vnckle to the first Thomas Earle of Southampton Knight of the Gartar, and Chancelor of England: he built this house, and in the top thereof, a Chapel, which he dedicated by the name of S. Trinitatis in Alto. Thus much for that part of Criplegate Warde without the wall, wherof more shalbe, spoken in the subburbe of that part. This Ward hath an Alderman & his Deputie within the gate. Common Coun∣saile eight. Constables nine. Skauengers twelue. For Wardmote Inqueast ffftéene, and a Beadle.

Without the gate, it hath also a Deputie. Common Coun∣saile two. Constables foure. Skauengers foure. Wardmote Inquest seuentéene, and a Beadle. It is taxed in London to the fiftéene, at fortie poūd, and in the Exchequer, at thirtie nine pound ten shillings.

Aldersgate Ward.

THe next is Aldersgate Ward,* 1.913 taking name of that North gate of the citie: this Ward also cō∣sisteth of diuers Stréetes and Lanes, lying as∣well within the gate, and Wall, as without: and first to speake of that part within the gate, thus it is. The East part thereof, ioyneth vnto the west part of Criplegate Ward in Engain Lane, or Maiden Lane. It beginneth on the North side of that lane, at staining Lane end, and runneth vp that Lane, from the Haberda∣shers Hall, to S. Mary Staining church: and by the church East, winding almost to Woodstréete. And West through Oatelane,* 1.914 and then by the South side of Bacon house, to Noble stréet, and backe a∣gaine by Lilipot lane, (which is also of that Ward) to Maiden Lane, and so on that North side, west to S. Iohn Sacharies church, and to Faster Lane. Now on the South side of Ingaine (or Maiden Lane)

is the West side of Guthuruns Lane, to Kery Lane, and Kery Lane it selfe (which is of this Warde) and back againe into Engainlane, by the North side of the Goldsmiths Hall, to Faster Lane: and this is the East wing of this Ward. Then is Foster Lane almost wholly of this Warde, and beginneth in the South toward Cheape, on the East side by the North side of S. Fosters church, and runneth dow•• North west by the West ende of Engaine Lane, by Lilipot Lane, and Oate Lane, to Noble stréete, and through that by Shelly house (of olde time so called, as belonging to the Shelleyes) for Sir Tho∣mas Shelley knight, was owner thereof in the 1. of Hen. the 4. It is now called Bacon house,* 1.915 because the same was new builded by Syr Nicholas Bacon Lord Kéeper of the great Seale. Downe on that side by the Lane, by Seriant Fleetwoods house, (Recorder of Lon∣don, who also new builded it) to S. Olaues Church in Siluer-stréet, which is by the Northwest ende of this Noble stréete. Then againe in Foster Lane, this Ward beginneth on the West side therof, ouer against the Southwest corner of Saint Fosters Church, and runneth downe by S. Leonards church, by Pope Lane end, and by S. Anus Lane end, which Lane is also of this Ward, North to the stone wall by the wall of the Citie, ouer against Bacon house, which is also of this Ward. Then haue ye the Maine stréete of this Ward, which is called S. Martins Lane,* 1.916 which includeth S. Martin on the East side therof, and so downe on both the sides to Aldersgate.* 1.917 And these be the bounds of this Ward within the wall and gate. Without the gate, the Maine stréete called Aldersgate stréete, runneth vp North on the East side, to the West ende of Hownds Ditch, or Barbican stréete: A part of which stréete is also of this Warde. And on on the West side to Longlane, a part whereof is likewise of this Warde. Beyond the which Aldersgate stréete, is Cosewell stréete vp to the Barres.

And on this West side of Aldersgate stréet, by S. Buttolphes church, is Briton stréete, which runneth West to a Pumpe, and then North to the gate which entereth the church yard, sometime pertaining to the Priorie of S. Bartholomewe on the East side: and on the West side towards S. Bartholomewes Spittle, to a paine of postes there fixed. And these be the bounds of this Aldersgate Warde without.

The antiquities be these, First in Staining Lane,* 1.918 of olde time so cal∣led (as may be supposed) of Painter stainers dwelling there.

On the East side thereof, adioyning to the Haberdashers Hall, be ten Almes houses pertaining to the Haberdashers, wherein be pla∣ced ten Almes people of that Company, euery of them hauing eight pence the péece euery Friday for euer, by the gift of Thomas Hunt∣lowe Haberdasher, one of the Sheriffes in the yeare 1539. And sir George Baron gaue them ten pounds by the yeare for euer.

Then is the small parrish Church of Saint Mary, called Stai∣ning,* 1.919 because it standeth at the North ende of Staining Lane. In the which Church being but newly builded, there remaine no Monu∣ment worth the noting.

Then is Engaine Lane, (or Mayden Lane) and at the North∣West corner thereof, the parish Church of S. Iohn Sachary.* 1.920 A faire Church, with the Monuments well preserued, of sir Nicholas Twi∣ford Goldsmith, Maior, 1388. and Dame Margery his wife: of whose goods y^e Church was made & new builded, with a Tombe for them and others of their race, 1390. Drugo Barentine Maior, 1398. He gaue faire landes to the Goldsmithes: he dwelled right against the Goldsmithes Hall. Betwéene the which Hall and his dwelling house, he builded a Galorie thwarting the stréete, whereby he might go from the one to the other: he was buried in this church, and Christian his wife, 1427. Iohn Adis Goldsmith 1400. And Margaret his wife. Iohn Frauncis Goldsmith Maior, 1400. And Elizabeth his wife 1450. Iohn Sutton Goldsmith one of the She∣riffes, 1413. Bartholomew Seman Golde-heater, Maister of the Kings Mints, within the Tower of London, and the Towne of Calice, 1430. Thomas Leichfield, Iohn Hewet Esquier, 1500. William Brekespere Goldsmith, 1461. Christopher Eliot Gold∣smith, 1505. Bartholmew Reade Goldsmith Maior, 1502. who was burried in the Charterhouse, and gaue to this his parish Church one hundred pound. His wife was buried in this church, with a faire Monument, her Picture, in habit of a widow. Thomas Keyton Lorimar, 1522. William Potken Esquier, 1537. Iohn Cor∣nish with an Epitaph, 147. Robert Fenruther Goldsmith, one of the Sheriffes in the yeare, 1512.

On the East side of this Faster Lane, at Engeyne Lane ende, is the Goldsmithes Hall,* 1.921 a proper house, but not large. And therfore to say that Bartholmew Read Goldsmith, Maior, in the yeare 1502.

kept such a feast in this Hall, as some haue fabuled is far incredible,* 1.922 and altogither vnpossible, considering the smalnesse of the Hall, and number of the guests, which as they say, were more then an hun∣dreth persons of great estate. For the Messes & dishes of meates to them serued, the paled parke in the same Hall, furnished with frute∣full Trées, beasts of venery, and other circumstances of that preten∣ded feast well weighed, Westminster Hall would hardly haue suffi∣sed, and therfore I will ouerpasse it, and note somewhat of principall Goldsmiths.

First I reade, that Leefstane Goldsmith was Prouest of this Citie, in the raign of Henry the 1. Also that Henry Fitz Alewin, Fits Leafstane Goldsmith was Maior of London,* 1.923 in the first of Ri∣chard the first, and continued Maior 24. yeares. Also that Gregory* 1.924 Rocksly, chiefe say-maister of all the Kings Mintes within Eng∣land, (and therefore by my coniecture) a Goldsmith was Maior in the 3. of Edward the first, and continued Maior 7. yeares togither. The William Farindon Goldsmith, Alderman of Farindon ward, one of the Sheriffes 1281. the 9. of Edward the first, who was a Goldsmith, as appeareth on record, as shall be shewed in Farindon Warde. Then Nicholas Farindon his sonne, Goldsmith, Alderman of Farindon Warde, foure times Maior in the raigne of Edward the second, &c. For the rest of later time are more manifestly known, and therefore I leaue them.

Then at the North ende of Noble stréete, is the parish Church of S. Olaue in Siluer stréete,* 1.925 a small thing, and without any note∣worthie monuments.

On the West side of Foster Lane, is the small parish Church of S. Leonards,* 1.926 for them of S. Martins be graunde. A nomber of Tenements beeing lately builded in place of the great Colegiate-Church of Saint Martin: that parish is mightily increased. In this Church remaine these Monuments. First without the Church, is grauen in stone on the East ende, Iohn Broke it well, an especiall reedifier, or new builder thereof. In the Quire grauen in brasse, Ro∣bert Purfet Grocer, 1507. Robert Trappis Goldsmith, 1526. with this Epitaphe.

When the belles be merily roong, And the Masse deuoutly sung, And the meate merilie eaten, Then shall Rober Trips his wiues And children be forgotten. Then in Pope lane)* 1.927 so called of one Pope that was owner therof) on the North side, is the parish church of S. Anne, in the willowes, so called, I know not vpon what occa∣sion: but some say, of willowes growing thereabouts: but now there is no such voide place for willowes to growe, more then the church yard, wherin do growe some high Ashe trées.

This church by casualtie of fire, in the yeare 1548. was burnt, so far as it was Combustible, but since being newly repaired, there re∣main a fewe monuments of antiquitie of Thomas Beckhenton, Clarke of the pipe, who was buried there 1499. Ralphe Caldwell gentleman of Greyes Inne 1527. Iohn Lord Sheffield: Iohn Herenden Mercer Esquire, 1572. these verses on an olde stone.

Qu an Tris de c vul stra os guis ti ro um nere uit h san Chris mi T mu la.

Then in S. Martins lane, was of old time a faire and large Col∣ledge of a Deane and secular Cannons, or Priests, which house had great priuiledges both of Sanctuary & otherwise, and was called S. * 1.928Martins le graunde: Founded by Ingelricus & Ewardus his bro∣ther, in the yeare 1056. and confirmed by William the Conqueror, as appeareth by his Charter, dated 1068. This Colledge was sur∣rendred to K. E. the 6. the 2. of his raigne, in the yeare 1548. and the same yeare the Colledge church was pulled down, and in place ther∣of many houses foorthwith builded, highly prised, and letten to strangers borne, and other such as claime the benefit of y^e priuiledges which were at the first granted only to y^e church, and to the Deane, Prebends & Canons, seruing God according to y^e foundatiō. Lower down on the west side of S. Martins lane, in the parish of S. Anne, almost by Aldersgate, is one great house, commōly called Northum∣berland house:* 1.929 it belonged to Hen. Percey. K. Hen. the 4. in the 7. of his raign, gaue this house, with y^e tenements therunto appertaining,

to Quéene lane his wife, and then it was called her Wardrobe.

Now without Aldersgate, on the East side of Aldersgate stréete, is the Cookes Hall:* 1.930 which Cookes or Pastelars were admitted to be a Company, and to haue a Maister and Wardens, in the 22. of Ed. the 4. From thence along vnto Houndsditch or Barbican stréete, be many faire houses. On the west side also be the like faire buildings, till ye come to Longlane, and so to Coswell streete. In Britten stréet* 1.931 is one proper parish church of S. But••olphe,* 1.932 in which church, was sometime a brotherhood of S. Fabian, and Sebestian, founded in the yeare 1377. the 51. of Ed the 3. and confirmed by H. the 4. in the 6. of his raign. Then H. the 6. in the 24. of his raigne, to the honour of the Trinitie, gaue license to Dame Iohan Astley, sometime his Nurse, to Robert Cawod and Thomas Smith, to found the same a fraternitie, perpetually to haue a Maister & two Custose, with Bre∣thren and Sisters, &c. This Brotherhood was indowed with lands, more then 30. pound by the yeare, and was suppressed by Ed. the 6. There lye buried, Iohn de Bathe Weuar, 1390. Philip at Uine, Capper, 1396. Benet Gerarde Brewer, 1403. Iohn Bradmor Chirurgian, Margaret and Katheren his wiues, 1411. Iohn Mi∣chael Seriant at Armes, 1415. Allen Bret Carpenter, 1425. Ro∣bert Malton, 1426. Iohn Trigilion Brewer, 1417. Iohn Mason Brewer, 1431. Robert Cawod Clarke of the Pipe in y^e Kings Ex∣chequer, 1466. Ri. Emm••sley, Iohn Walpole, Iohn Hartshorne Esquire, seruant to the King, 1400. And other of that family, great benefactors to y^e church. Williā Marrow Grocer Maior, & Kathren his wife, wer buried therabout, 1468. The Lady Anne Packinton widow, late wife to Ioh. Packinton knight, Chirographer of y^e court of the Common pleas, she founded Almes houses neare vnto the white Fryers church in Fléetstreete. And thus an end of this Ward, which hath an Alderman, his Deputie, Common Counsellours fiue. Constables eight. Skauingers nine. For the Wardmote In∣quest, fourtéene, and a Bedle. It is taxed to the fiftéene in London, seuen pound, and likewise in the Exchequer.

Faringdon Warde, Infra, or within.

ON the South side of Aldersgate Warde, lyeth Faringdon Warde,* 1.933 called Infra, or within, for a difference from an other Ward of that name, which lyeth without the walles of the Citie, and is therefore called Farindon Extra.* 1.934 These two Wards of old time were but one, and had also but one Alderman, til y^• 17. of Richard the second. At which time the saide Warde for the greatnesse therof, was diuided into twaine, & by Parlament ordered to haue two Aldermen, and so it continueth till this day. The whole great Warde of Farindon, both Infra and Extra, tooke name of William Farendon Goldsmith, Alderman of that Warde, and one of the Sheriffes of London, in the yere 1281. the 9. of Edward the first, he purchased the Aldermanry of this Ward, as by this abstract of déeds which I haue read thereof may appeare.

Thomas de Arderne, sonne and heire of Sir Ralphe Arderne knight,* 1.935 graunted to Ralphe le Feure, Citizen of London (one of the Sheriffes in the yeare 1277.) all the Aldermanry with the appur∣tenances within the Citie of London, and the suburbes of the same, betwéene Ludgate and Newgate, and also without the same gates: which Aldermanry, Anketinus de Ardone held, during his life, by the graunt of the said Thomas de Auerne: to haue and to holde to the said Ralphe and to his heires, fréely, without all chalenge: yéel∣ding therefore yearly to the said. Thomas and his heires, one Cloue, (or slip) of Gilli••flowers, at the feast of Easter, for all secular seruice and customes, with warrantie vnto the said Ralphe le Feure, and his heires, against all people, Christians, and Iewes, in considerati∣of twentie markes, which the said Ralphe le Feure did giue before hande, in name of a Gersum or fine, to the saide Thomas, &c. dated the fift of Edward the first, and witnesse G. de Rockesley Maior: R. Arrar one of the Sheriffes, H. Wales, P. le Taylor, T. de Basing, I. Horne, N. Blackthorne, Alderman of London. After this, Iohn le Feure,* 1.936 sonne & heire to the said Ralphe le Feure, granted to

William Farendon,* 1.937 Citizen and Goldsmith of London, and to his heires, the said Aldermanry, with the appurtenances, for the seruice therunto belonging, in the seuenth of Edward the first, in the yere of Christ 1279. This Aldermanry descended to Nicholas Farendon,* 1.938 sonne to the said William and to his heires: which Nicholas Faren∣don (also a Goldsmith) was foure times Maior, and liued many yeares after: for I haue read diuers déedes whereunto he was a witnesse, dated the yeare 1360. He made his Testament, 1361. which was 53. yeares after his first being Maior,* 1.939 and was buried in S. Peters in Cheape. So this Warde continued vnder the go∣uernment of William Faringdon the Father, and Nicholas his son, by the space of 82. yeares, and retaineth their name vntill this pre∣sent day.

This Warde of Faringdon within the walles, is bounded thus: Beginning in the East, at the great Crosse in West Cheape, from whence it runneth West. On the North side from the parish church of S. Peter, (which is at the Southwest corner of Woodstréete) vnto Guthurums Lane, and downe that Lane, to Hugon Lane on the East side, and to Kery Lane on the West.

Then againe into Cheape, and to Foster Lane, and downe that Lane, on the East side, to the North side of Saint Fausters Church, and on the West, till ouer against the Southwest corner of the said Church, from whence downe Fauster Lane, and Noble Stréete, is all of Aldersgate stréete Warde, till ye come to the stone wall, in the West side of Noble stréete.

Then by the said wal downe to Winsor house, (or Neuils Inne) and downe Monkes-well stréete, on that West side, and then by London wall to Criple Gate. And the West side of that same Gate is of Faringdon Warde.

Then backe againe into Cheape, and from Fauster Lane end, to Saint Martins Lane end, and from thence through Saint Ni∣cholas Shambles, by Penticost Lane, and Butchers Alley, and by stinking Lane through Newgate Market, to Newgate. All which is the North side of Faringdon Warde.

Then on the South from against the said great Crosse in Cheap, West from Fridayes stréete, and downe that stréet on the East side, till ouer against the North East corner•• of S. Mathewes Church:

and on the West side, till the South corner of the said Church.

Then againe along Cheape to the old Exchaunge, and downe that Lane (on the East side) to the parish church of Saint Augu∣stine, (which church and one house next adioyning in Watheling stréete, be of this Warde) and on the West side of this Lane, to the gate which entereth the South church yard of Saint Paules, and within that gate on the North side, to the Gate that entereth the North church yarde: all which North church yard is of this Fa∣ringdon Warde.

Then againe into Cheape, and from the North end of the old Exchaunge, West by the North Gate of Powles church yarde, vp Pater Noster Rowe, by the two Lanes out of Powles church, and to a signe of the Golden Lyon, which is some twelue houses short of Aue Mary Lane: the West side of which Lane, is of this Warde.

Then at the South ende of Aue Mary Lane, is Creed Lane: the West side whereof, is also of this Warde.

Now betwixt the South ende of Aue Mary Lane, and the North ende of Creede Lane, is the comming out of Powles Church yarde. On the East, and the high stréete called Bowier Rowe, to Ludgate on the West side: which way to Ludgate is of this Warde. On the North side whereof, is Saint Martins church. And on the South side, the turning into the blacke Friers.

Nowe to turne vp againe to the North ende of Aue Mary Lane, there is a short Lane which runneth West some small di∣stance, and is there closed vp with a gate into a great house: and this is called Amen Lane.* 1.940

Then on the North side of Pater Noster Rowe, beginning at the conduit ouer against the Olde Exchaunge Lane ende, and go∣ing west by Saint Michaels church. At the west ende of which church, is a small passage through the Church, towards the North. And beyond this church some small distance, is an other passage, which is called Paniar-Alley:* 1.941 and commeth out against Saint Martins Lane ende.

Then further West, in Pater Noster Rowe, is Iuie Lane,* 1.942 which runneth North to the west ende of Saint Nicholas Sham∣bles. And then west Pater Noster Rowe, till ouer against the

golden Lyon, where the Warde endeth for that stréete.

And then about some dozen houses (which is of Baynards Ca∣stle Warde) to UUarwike Lane ende: which UUarwicke Lane, stretcheth North to the high stréete of Newgate Market. And the west side of UUarwicke Lane is of this Faringdon UUarde. For the East side of UUarwick Lane, of Aue Mary Lane, and of Creed Lane, with the UUest ende of Pater Noster Rowe, are all of Baynards Castle UUarde.

Yet (to begin againe at the said Conduit by the old Exchange) on the North side thereof, is a large stréete that runneth vp to New∣gate, as is aforesaid. The first part or Southside whereof, from the conduit to the Shambles, is called Bladder stréete.* 1.943 Then on the backe side of the shambles, be diuers slaughter houses, and such like, pertaining to the shambles, and this is called Mount-Godard stréet.* 1.944 Then is the Shambles it selfe. And then Newgate Market. And so the whole stréete on both sides vp to Newgate, is of this UUarde, and thus it is wholly bounded.

Monuments in this UUarde, there be these. First the great Crosse in UUest cheape.* 1.945 But in the warde of Faringdon, the which crosse was first erected in that place, in the yeare 1291. in the 19. of Edward the first, vpon this occasion.

Queene Elianor his wife, dyed at Herdeby (a Towne neare vnto the citie of Lincolne) her bodie was brought from thence to Westminster. And this King (in memorie of her) caused at euery place (where the bodie was staied in the way) a stately crosse of stone to be made and erected, with the Quéenes Image and Armes vpon it: as at Grantham, Woborne, Northampton, Stony Strat∣foord, Dunstable, S. Albons, Waltham, West Cheape, and at Charing, from whence she was conueyed to Westminster, and there buried.

This Crosse in west cheape, being like to those other, which re∣maine till this day, and being by length of time decaied, Iohn Ha∣therley being Maior, procured in the yeare 1441. license of King Henry the 6. in the 21. of his raigne, to reedifie the same in more bewtifull maner,* 1.946 for the honor of the citie: and had also license to take vp 200. fodar of lead, for the building therof, and of certain•• conduits, and a common Gramarie, and it was very curiously wrought,

at the charges of diuers Citizens, Iohn Fisher Mercer gaue 600. markes towards it, and it was not finished before the yeare 1486. the second of Henry the seuenth. It was newe gilt all ouer in the yeare 1522. against the comming in of Charles, the fift Emperor, and was new burnished against the Coronation of Edward the sixt. And gilt againe in the yeare 1554. against the comming in of king Philip. Since the which time, the said Crosse* 1.947 hauing bene presented by diuers Iuries (or Wardmote Inquests) to stand in the highway, to the let of carriages, &c. In the yeare 1581. the 21. of Iune in the night, the lowest Images about the said Crosse, were broken and defaced.

Wherupon proclamation was made, that who so wold bewray the doers therof, shuld haue fortie crownes: but nothing came to light. The Image of the blessed virgin at the time robbed of her son, and her armes broken by which shee staied him on her knées, her whole bodie also was strained with ropes so as it was readie to fall: But was in the yeare 1595. againe fastened and repaired. In the yeare 1596. about Bartholomewtide, a new Sonne mishapen (as borne out of time) was laide in her armes. The other Images remaining broken as before.

On the East side of the same Crosse, the steppes being taken thence, vnder the Image of Christes resurrection, was set vp a curious wrought frame of grey Marble, and in the same an Image in Alablaster of a woman, (for the most part naked) and Thames water* 1.948 prilling from her breasts: but the same is oft times dryed vp.

At the Southwest corner of Woodstréete, is the parish Church of S. Peter* 1.949 the Apostle, by the said Crosse, a proper Church lately new builded. Iohn Shawe Goldsmith Maior, deceased 1503. appoin∣ted by his Testament, the said Church and stéeple to be newly buil∣ded of his goods, with a flat roofe. Notwithstanding Tho. Wood Goldsmith; one of the Sheriffes, 1491. is accounted principall be∣nefactor: because the roofe of the middle Ile is supported by Images of Woodmen. I finde to haue bene buried in this Church, Nicholas Farendon Maior, Richard Hadley Grocer, 1492. Iohn Palmer Fishmonger, 1500. William Rouse Goldsmith Sheriffe, 1429. T. Atkins Esquire, 1400. Ioh. Butlar Sherif, 1420. Ioh. Palmer,

Henry Warley Alderman, 1524. Sir Iohn Monday Goldsmith Maior, deceased, 1537. Augustin Hinde Cloath-worker, one of the Sheriffes in the yeare 1550. whose Monument doth yet re∣maine, the others be gone.

The long shop, or narrow shed, incroching on the high way be∣fore this Church, was licensed to be made in the yeare 1401. for thirtie shillings foure pence the yeares rent, but now increased much.

Then is Guthuruns lane,* 1.950 so called of Guthurun, sometime owner thereof. The inhabitants of this lane, of olde time were gold∣beaters, as doth appeare by records in the Exchequer. For the ea∣sterling money was appointed to be made of fine siluer, such as men made into foyle, and was commonly called siluer of Guthuruns lane,* 1.951 &c. The Embrotherers Hall* 1.952 is in this lane. Iohn Throwstone Embrotherer, then Goldsmith, Sheriffe, deceased 1519. gaue fortie pound towards the purchase of this Hall. Hugon Lane* 1.953 on the East side, and Kery lane* 1.954 (called of one Kery) on the West.

Then in the high stréet on the same North side, is the Sadlers Hall.* 1.955 And then Fauster lane (so called) of Saint Fausters,* 1.956 a faire church, lately new builded.* 1.957 Henry Coote Goldsmith, one of the Sheriffes deceased 1509. builded S. Dunstons chappell there. Iohn Throw∣stone, one of the Sheriffes, gaue to the building therof, one hundred pound, by his testamēt. Iohn Browne Seriant Painter, Alderman, deceased 1532. was a great benefactor, and was there buried. Wil∣liam Tryst Selerar to the King 1425. Iohn Standelfe, and Iohn Standelfe Goldsmithes, lye buried there. Richard Galder 1544. Agnes wife to William Milborne Chamberlaine of London, 1500. &c.

Then downe Fausterlane and Noble stréete, at the North end whereof, is one great house builded of stone, commonly called the Lord Windsors house, but I haue read it by the name of Neuels Inne* 1.958 in siluer stréete, and at the ende of Monkes well stréete.* 1.959

In this streete on the west side thereof, is the Barbers Chi∣rurgians Hall,* 1.960 whom obtained their incorporation in the yeare one thousand foure hundred sixtie and foure, the second of Ed∣ward the fourth, since the which time, they builded theyr Hall.

At the North corner of this stréete, on the same side, was sometime an Hermitage,* 1.961 (or Chappell of Saint Iames) called in the Wall, neare Cripplegate: it belonged to the Abbey and Couent of Gara∣don, as appeareth by a record of Edward the first in the twentie seuen yeare. And by a record of Edward the third, the sixtéenth yeare. William de Lyons was Hermit there, and the Abbot and Couent of Geredon, founded two Chapleins, cistercian Monkes of their house: in this Hermitage, one of them was founded there, for Aymor de Valence, Earle of Pembrooke, and Mary de Saint Paule, his Countesse.

Of these Monkes, and of a well pertaining to them, the stréete tooke that name, and is called Monkes-well streete. This Hermi∣tage with the purtenāces, was in the raigne of Edward the sixt pur∣chased from the said King, by William Lambe one of the gentlemen of the kings Chappell, Citizen and cloathworker of London: he de∣ceased in the yeare 1577. and then gaue it to the Cloath-workers in London: with other Tenements, to the value of fiftie pound the yeare, to the intent they shall hire a Minister to say diuine ser∣uice there, &c.

Againe to the high stréete of Cheape, from Fauster lane ende to S. Martins, and by that Lane to the Shambels or flesh market, on the North side whereof, is Penticost Lane,* 1.962 containing di∣uers slaughterhouses for the Butchers: and there is the Butchers Hall.* 1.963

Then was there of olde time, a proper Parish Church of Saint Nicholas,* 1.964 whereof the said flesh market tooke the name, and was called S. Nicholas Shambles. This church with the tenements, and Ornaments, was by Henry the eight, giuen to the Mayor and communaltie of the citie, towards the maintenance of the newe Parish church, then to bee erected in the late dissolued church of the Gray Fryers: so was this church dissolued and pulled downe. In place whereof, and of the church yard, many faire houses are now builded in a court with a well, &c.

Then is Stinking lane,* 1.965 so called, or Chicke-lane at the East end of the Gray Fryers church. And then the late dissolued church of the Gray Fryers:* 1.966 The Originall whereof, was this.

The first of this order of Fryers in England nine in number, arri∣ued at Douer: fiue of them remained at Canterburie, the other 4. came to London, were lodged at the preaching Friers in Oldboorn, for the space of fiftéene dayes: and then they hyred an house in Corn∣hill, of Iohn Treuers, one of the Sheriffes of London. They builded there little cells, wherein they inhabited, but shortly after, the de∣uotion of the citizens towards them, and the number of the Fry∣ers so increased, that they were by the citizens remooued to a place in S. Nicholas Shambles: which Iohn Ewin Mearcer, appropria∣ted vnto the comunaltie, to the vse of these said Fryers, and him∣selfe became a lay-brother amongst them. About the yeare 1225. William Ioyner builded their Quire, Henry Walles the body of the church: Walter Poter Alderman the Chapter house: Gregory Rokesly, their Dorter: Bartholomewe of the castle made the re∣fectorie: Peter de Heliland made the infirmitorie: Beuis Bond king of Heraults, made the Studie, &c. Margaret Quéene, second wife to Edward the 1. began the Quire of their new church,* 1.967 in the yeare 1306. to the building whereof, in her life time, she gaue 2000. Markes, and one hundred marke by her Testament.

Iohn Britaine Earle of Richmond, builded the bodie of the church, to the charges of thrée hundred pound, and gaue many rich Iewels and Ornaments to be vsed in the same. Mary Countesse of Pembroke, seuentie pound. Gilbert de Clare, Earle of Gloster, be∣stowed 20. great beams out of his Forrest of Tūbridge, & 20. pound Starlings: Lady Helianor le Spencer, Lady Elizabeth de Brugh, sister to Gilbert de Clare, gaue sums of money: and so did diuers citizens: as Arnald de Tolinea, one hundred pound. Robert Bar∣ron Lisle, who became a Fryer there, thrée hundred pound. Bartho∣lomew de Almaine fiftie pound. Also Philippe Quéene, wife to Edward the third, gaue 70. pound. And so the worke was done with∣in the space of 21. yeares 1327. This church thus rich furnished with windowes made at the charges of diuers persons, the Lady Marga∣ret Segraue, Countesse of Norffolk, bare the charges of making the stalls in the quire, to the value of 350. markes, about the yeare 1380. Richard Whittington founded the Librarie,* 1.968 in the yeare 1429. which was in length, one hundred twentie and nine foote: and in breadth, one and twentie foote: all séeled with wainscot, hauing twentie eight deskes, and eight double settles of wainscot.

Which in the yeare next following, was altogither finished in buil∣ding, and within three yeares after, furnished with bookes, to the charges of fiue hundred fiftie sixe pound, tenne shillings, whereof Richard Whittington bare foure hundred pound, the rest was boorne by Doctor Thomas Winchelsey, a Fryer there: and for the writing out of D. Nicholas de lira his workes in two volumes, to be chained there, 100. Markes, &c. The séeling of the Quire at diuers mens charges, two hundred markes, and the paynting at fiftie markes.

This whole Church containeth in length* 1.969 thrée hundred foote, of the feete of S. Paul: in breadth, eightie nine foote, and in heigth from the ground to the Roofe, 64. foote, and two inches, &c. It was consecrated 1325. and at the generall suppression, was valued at thirtie two pound, ninetéene shillings, surrendred the twelfth of Nouember, 1538. the 30. of Henry the eight, the ornaments and goods beeing taken to the Kings vse: the Church was shut vp for a time, and vsed as a Store house of goods, taken as pryses from the French: But in the yeare 1546. on the third of Ianuarie, was againe set open. On the which day, preached at Paules Crosse the Bishop of Rochester, where he declared the Kings gift thereof, to the Citie, for the releeuing of the poore.

Which gift was by pattent of Saint Bartholomewes Spittle in Smithfield, lately valued at thrée hundred fiue pound sixe shil∣lings seuen pence, and surrendred to the King: of the said Church of the Gray Fryers, and of two parrish Churches,* 1.970 the one of Saint Nicholas in the Shambels, and the other of S. Ewines in New∣gate market, which were to be made one Parish Church in the sayd Fryers Church, and in lands hee gaue for maintenance of the sayd Church, with diuine seruice, reparations, &c. 500. markes by year•• for euer.

The thirtéenth of Ianuarie, the 38. of Henry the eight, an a∣gréement was made betwixt the King and the Maior, and commu∣naltie of London: dated the 27. of December: by which the said gift of the Gray Fryers Church, with all the Edifices, and ground, the Fratrie, the Librarie, the Dortar, and Chapter-house, the great Cloystrie and the lesser: tenements, gardens, and vacant grounds, Lead, Stone, Iron, &c. The Hospitall of S. Bartholomewe in west

Smithfield, the church of the same, the leade, belles, and ornaments of the same Hospitall, with all the Messuages, Tenements, and ap∣purtenances. The Parishes of Saint Nicholas, and of S. Ewin, and so much of Saint Pulchers as is within the gate, called New∣gate, were made one Parish church in the Gray Fryers church, and called Christes church: founded by Henry the 8.

The Uickar of Christs church was to haue 26. pound, 13. s. 4. d. the yeare. The Uicar of S. Bartholomew 13. li. 6. s. 8. d. The Uisitar of Newgate (being a Priest) ten pound. And other 5. Priests in Christes church, all to be helping in the diuine seruice, ministring the Sacraments, and Sacramentals, the fiue Priests to haue 8. li. the péece. 2. Clarks, 6. pound each. A Sexton 4. li. Moreouer, he gaue them the Hospitall of Bethelem: with the lauer of Brasse, by estima∣tion, 18. foote in length, and 2. foote and a halfe in depth, and the wa∣ter course of leade to the said Fryer house belonging, conteining by estimation in lēgth, 18. Acres. In the yeare 1552. began the prepa∣ring of the Gray Fryers house, for the poore fatherlesse children. And in the month of Nouember, the children were taken into the same, to the number of almost foure hundreth. On Christmas day in the afternoone, while the Lord Maior and Alderman rode to Powles, the children of Christs Hospitall* 1.971 stood, from S. Lawrence Lane ende in Cheape, towards Powles, all in one liuery of Russet cotton, 340. in number. And at Easter next, they were in blewe, and so haue con∣tinued euer since.

The defaced Monuments in this church* 1.972 were these. First in the Quire of the Ladie Margaret, daughter to Phillip king of France, and wife to Edward the first, foundresse of this new church, 1317. Of Isabel daughter to Edward the 3. wedded to the Lord Couse of France, Alianor, wife to Iohn Duke of Britaine, Beatrix Du∣chesse of Britaine, daughter to Henry the 3. And Elianor Duchesse of Buckingham, 1530. Sir Robert Lyle Baron. The Lady Lysle and Margaret de Riuars, Countesse of Deuon, all vnder one stone. Iohn Hastings Earle of Pembrooke, 1389, Margaret daughter to Tho. Brotherton Earle Marshall, she was Duchesse of Norffolke, and Countesse Marshall, and Ladie Segraue, 1389, Peter Bishop of Carbon in Hungary, 1331. Gregory Rocksley Maior. Sir Iohn Deuerux Knight, 1385. Iohn Denham Baron, sometime

Treasuror of England, knight of the Garter, 1501. William Fitz Warren Baron, and Isabell his wife, sometime Quéene of Man. Robert Chalons knight, 1439. Iohn Chalons, Isabell Quéen wife to Edward the second, daughter to Philippe King of France, 1358. Isabell daughter to Edward the third, Countesse of Bedford, and Lady Cousie, Iohan of the Tower Qéene of Scots, daughter to E. the 2. Iohn duke of Burbon, and Augue, Earle of Claremond, Mounpauncer, and Baron Beaugen, who was taken prisoner at Agen-court, kept prisoner 18. yeares, and deceased 1433. Eli∣zabeth Neuell wife to Iohn, sonne and heire to Raphe Earle of Westmerland, and mother to Raphe Earle of Westmerland, and daughter to Richard Earle of Kent, 1423. Edward Burnell sonne to the Lord Burnell. In Alhallowes chapel. Iames Fines Lord Say. 1450. and Helenor his wife 1452. Iohn Smith Bishop of Landafe, 1478. Iohn, Baron Hilton: Iohn Baron Clinton. Ri∣chard Hastings Knight, Lord of Willowbie, and Wells, Tho. Bur∣det Esquire beheaded, 1477. Robert Lile son & heire to the L. Lisle. In our Lady chapell, Io. Gisors of Lo. knight. Humphrey Stafford Esquire of Woorstershire 1486. Rob. Bartram Baron of Bothell. Raphe Barons knight. Wi. Apleton knight. Reynold de Cambrey knight. T. Bewmond, sonne & heire to H. lord Bewmond•• Iohn But∣ler Knight. Adam de Howton knight, 1417. Bartholomew Caster knight of Lon. Rein••ride Arundle kntght, 1468. T. Couil Esquire 1422. In the Postles chapel, Walter Blunt knight of the Garter, and L. Mountioy, Treasurer of England 1474. Edward Blunt L. Mountioye 1475. Alice Blunt Mountioye, sometime wife to Wil∣liam Browne Mayor of London, and daughter to Henry Kebell, Mayor 1521. Anne Blunt daughter to Iohn Blunt knight, Lord Mountioy, 1480. Sir Allen Cheinie knight, and sir Tho. Greene knight. William Blunt Esquire, sonne and heire to Walter Blunt, and father to Ed. Lord Mountioy. Iames Blunt Knight, sonne to Walter Blunt Captaine of Gwynes 1492. Flizabeth Blunt wife to Robert Curson knight, 1494. Bartholomew Burwashe, and Iohn Burwashe his sonne, Iohn Blunt Lord Mountioy captain of Gwins & Hams 1485. Alan Buxhall of London, Iohn Blunt knight 1531. Iohn Philpot knight Mayor, and the Lady Iane Sampford his wife 1384. Margaret daughter to sir Iohn Philpot, first married

to T. Sentler Esquire, & after to Iohn Neyland Esquire. Nicholas Biember knight Maior, Rowl. Blunt Esquire, 1509. Ro. Bradbury 1489. Nicholas Clifton knight. Frances Chape, 2. sons of Allayne Lord Cheinery, and Iohn sonne and heire to the same Lord Allayne Cheinie knight. Iohn Robpart knight of the Garter 1450. Alleine Cheiney knight, Thomas Malorye Knight, 1470. Thomas Yong a Iustice of y^e Bench, 1476. Iohn Baldwin fellow of Grays Inne, and common Seriant of London, 1469. Walter Wrotsley knight of Warwick-shire, 1473. Stephen Ienins Marchantaylor, Mayor 1523. Thomas a Par, and Iohn Wiltwater, slaine at Barnet, 1471. Robert Elkenton knight 1460. Richard Hauering knight 1388. Robert Trisilian knight, Iustice, 1308. Geoffrye Lucy, sonne to Geoffrey Lucy, Iohn Water Alias Yorke Herault 1520. Iohn More (Alias Nory) Herault 1491. George Hopton Knight, 1489. Betwéene the quire and the Aulter, Rape Spiganell knight, Iohn Moyle gentleman of Greyes Inne, 1495. William Huddie knight 1501. Io. Cobham a baron of Kēt, Iohn Mortayn knight Iohn Deyncort knight, Iohn Norbery Esquire, high Treasurer of England, Henry Norbere his sonne Esquire, Iohn Southlee knight, Thomas Sakuile, Thomas Lucy knight 1525. Robert de la Riuar, sonne to Mauricius de la Riuar, Lord of Tormerton, 1457 Iohn Malmaynas Esquire, and Thomas Malmayns knights, Ni∣cholas Malmains Hugh Parsal knight, 1490. Alexandria Kirke∣ton knight, &c. In the body of the Church, William Paulet Esquire of Summersetshire 1482. Iohn Moyle gentleman 1530. Peter Champion Esquire 1511. Iohn Harte Gentleman 1449. Alice La. Hungarford, hanged at Tiborne, for murdering her husband, 1523. Edward Hall Gentleman of Grayes Inne, 1470. Ri. Churchyard Gentleman fellow of Grayes Inne, 1498. Iohn Mortimar knight beheaded 1423. Henry Frowike Alderman, Renauld Frowike, Philip Pats, 1518. William Porter Seriant at armes 1515. Tho∣mas Grantham Gentleman 1511. Edmond Rotheley Gentlemā 1470. Henry Reston Gentleman of Grayes Inne, 1485. I. Au∣brye sonne to I. Aubrye, Maior of Norwich, 1368. Nicholas Mon∣gomery Gentleman, sonne to Io. Mongomery of Northampton∣shire 1485. Sir Bartho. Emfield knight: Sir Barnard, S. Peter knight, Sir Raphe Sandwiche knight, Custos of London. Sir An∣drew Sakauile knight.

All these and fiue times so many more haue bin buried there, whose Monuments are wholly defaced: for there were 9. Tombes of Ala∣blaster and Marble, inuironed with strikes of Iron in the Quire, and one Tombe in the bodie of the church also coped with yron, all pulled downe, besides 7. score graue stones of Marble, all sold for 50. pound or thereabouts, by Sir Martin Bowes. Of late time buried there, Walter Hadden Doctor, &c.

From this church West to Newgate, is of this Warde. Now for the Southside of this Warde, beginning againe at the crosse in Cheape, from thence to Friday stréete,* 1.973 and downe that stréete on the West side, till ouer against the Northwest corner of S. Mat∣thewes church. And on the West side, to the South corner of the said church, which is wholly in the Warde of Faringdon, a proper church, and hath these fewe Monuments of Sir Nicholas Twiford Goldsmith, Maior: who gaue to that church an house, with the ap∣purtenances, called the Griffon on the Hope, in y^e same stréet. Tho∣mas Pole Goldsmith, 1395. Robert Iohnson Goldsmith, Alder∣man. Robert Harding Goldsmith, one of the Sheriffes, 1478. Iohn Twiselton Goldsmith, Alderman, 1525. Raphe Allen Gro∣cer, one of the Sheriffes deceased, 1546. Anthony Gamage Iron∣monger, one of the Sheriffes, deceased, 1579. Cage, Iohn Mabbe Chamberlaine of London, &c.

From this Friday stréete, West to the Old Exchaunge,* 1.974 a stréet so called of the Kings Exchaunge there kept, which was for the re∣ceit of Bullion, to be quoyned. For Henry the 3. in the 6. yeare of his raigne, wrote to the Scabines and men of Ipre, that he and his councell had giuen prohibition, that none, ••nglishmen or other, should make chaunge of plate or other Masse of siluer, but onely in this Exchaunge at London, or at Canterbury. Andrew Buke∣rell then had to Farme the Exchaunge of England, and was Ma∣ior of London in the raigne of Henry the third. Iohn Somercote had the keeping of the Kings Exchaunge ouer all England. In the eigth of Edward the first, Gregory Rockesly was kéeper of the saide Exchaunge for the King. In the fift of Edward the second, William Hausted was kéeper thereof. And in the 18. Roger de Frowicke, &c.

These receiued the old stampe, or coyning yrons, from time to time, as the same were worne, and deliuered new to al the Mints in Eng∣land, as more at large in another place I haue noted.

This stréete beginneth by West Cheape in the North, and runneth downe South so Knight-Riders stréete: that part thereof which is called Olde-Fish stréete, but the very housing and Office of the Exchaunge and Coynage, was about the midst therof, South from the East Gate that entereth P••wles Church yarde, and on the West side in Baynards Castle Warde.

On the East side of this Lane, betwixt West cheape, and the church of S. Augustine, Henry Walles Maior (by license of Ed. the first) builded one Rowe of houses, the profits rising of them to be im∣ployed on London Bridge.

The parish church of S. Augustine,* 1.975 and one house next adioy∣ning in Watheling streete, is of this Warde called Faringdon. This is a faire church, and lately well repaired, wherein be Monu∣ments remaining of Henry Reade Armourer, one of the Sheriffes 1450. Robert Bellesdon Haberdasher, Maior, 1491. Sir Townley, William Dere one of the Sheriffes, 1450. Robert Ra∣••en Haberdasher, 1500. Thomas Apleyard Gentleman, 1515. William Moncaster Merchant Taylor, 1524. Willi. Holte Mer∣chant Taylor, 1544. &c.

Then is the North church yard of Powles, in the which stan∣deth the Cathedrall church of S. Paule.* 1.976 This church was first foun∣ded by Ethelbart King of Kent, about the yeare of Christ, 610. he gaue thereto lands, as appeareth.

Aedelbertus Rex deo inspirante, pro animae sua remedio dedit epis∣copo melito terram qua appellatur Tillingeham ad monaster: sui solatiū soilioz, S. Pauli: Et ego Rex Aethelbertus ita firmiter concedo tibi presulimelito potestatem eius habendi & possidendi vt in perpetuum in monastary vtilitate permanet, &c. Athelstan, Edgare, Edward the Confessor, and others also gaue lands therunto. Williā Conqueror gaue to the Church of S. Paule, and to Mauricius then Bishop, and his successors, the Castle of Sto••tford, with the appurtenances, &c. He also confirmed the gifts of his predecessors, in these words: Omne I Rex Angl. Clamo quietas in perpetuum, 24. Hidas quas Rex Aetholbert dedit S. Paulo iuxta murum London, &c.

The Charter of King William the Conqueror, giuen to the church of S. Paule in London, exemplified in the Tower: the la∣tin thereof Englished thus.

William by the grace of God, King of Englishmen, To all his welbeloued French and English people, greeting. Know ye that I do giue vnto God and the Church of S. Paule of London, and to the Rectors and Seruitors of the same, in all their lands which the Church hath, or shall haue, within borough and without, sack and socke, Thole and The, Infangthefe, and Grithbriche, and all f••eeshippes by sea and by land, on tyde, and off tyde, and all the rights that into them. Christendome by rad•• and more speake and on buright hamed, and on buright worke, afore all the Bishop∣pricks in mine land: and on each other mans land. For I will that the Church in all things be as free as I would my soule to be in the day of iudgement, witnesses Ofmound our Chancellor, Lamfranke the Archbishop of Canterbury, and Thomas Archbishop of York, Roger Earle of Salesbury, and Alane the Countie, and Geffrey de Magna villa, and Raphe Peuerell.

In the yeare 1087. this church of S. Paule* 1.977 was brent with fire, and therwith the more part of the citie•• which fire began at the entry of the West gate, and consumed to the East gate. Mauricius then Bishop, began therefore the foundation of a new church of S. Paule,* 1.978 a work that men of that time iudged wold neuer haue bin fini∣shed, it was to them so wonderfull for length & breadth, & also y^e same was builded vpon Arches (or Ua••ltes) of stone, for defence of fire, which was a manner of woorke before that time vnknowne to the people of this Nation, and then brought in by the French: and the stone was fetcht from Cane in Normandy.

This Mauricius deceased in the yeare 1107. Richard Beamor succéeded him in the Bishoppricke, who did wonderfully increase the said church, purchasing of his owne cost, the large stréetes and Lanes about it, wherin were wont to dwel many laye people, which ground he began to compasse about, with a strong wall of stone and gates. King Henry the first gaue to the said Richard, so much of the Mote (or Wall) of the castle, on the Thames side to the South, as should be néedfull to make the said wal of the church, and so much as should suffise to make a wall without the way on the North side, &c.

It should séeme that this Richard inclosed but two sides of the saide church or Semitorie of Saint Paule, to wit, the South and North sides: for King Edward the second, in the tenth of his raigne, graunted that the saide church yarde should be inclosed with a wall where it wanted, for the murthers and robberies that were there committed. But the cittizens then claimed the East part of the church yarde to bee the place of assembly to their folkemotes, and that the great stéeple there scituate was to that vse, their common bell,* 1.979 which being there rung, all the inhabitants of the citie might heare and come togither. They also claimed the West side, that they might there assemble themselues togither, with the Lorde of Baynardes castle, for view of their Armour in defence of the citie. This matter was in the Tower of London referred to Haruius de Stanton, and his fellow Iustices Itenerantes: but I finde not the decision or iudgement of that controuersie.

True it is, that Edward the third, in the seuentéene of his raigne, gaue commandement for the finishing of that wall, which was then performed, and to this day it continueth. Although now on both the sides (to wit, within and without) it be hidden with dwelling hou∣ses. Richard Beamer deceased in the yeare 1127. and his successors in processe of time, performed the worke begunne.

The stéeple of this church was builded and finished in the yeare 1222. The crosse on the said stéeple fell downe, and a new was set vp in the yeare 1314. The new worke of Powles* 1.980 (so called) at the East ende aboue the Quire, was begun in the yeare 1251.

Henry Lacie Earle of Lincolne, Constable of Chester, and Custos of England, in his time was a great benefactor to this work, and was there buried, in the yeare 1310. Also Raphe Baldocke Bishop of London, in his life time gaue two hundreth markes to the building of the saide newe worke:* 1.981 and left much by his Testa∣ment, towards the finishing thereof, he deceased in the yeare 1313 and was buried in the Lady chappell.

The first of February, in the yeare 1444. about two of the clock in the afternoone, this stéeple was fiered by lightning,* 1.982 in the midst of the shaft or spéere, both on the West side, & on the South, but by la∣bour of many well disposed people, the same was to appearance quenched with Uinegre, so that all men withdrew themselues

to their•• houses praising God: but betwéene eight and nine of the clock in the same night, the fire brast out again, more feruently then before, and did much hurt to the Lead and Timber, till by the great labour of the Maior and people that came thither, it was throughly quenched.

This stéeple was repaired* 1.983 in the yeare 1462. and the Wea∣ther Cocke againe erected: but one Robert Godwin winding it vp, the rope brake, and he was destroyed on the Pinacles, and the cock* 1.984 was sore brused. But Burchwood (the Kings Plomer) set it vp againe: since the which time, néeding reparation, it was both taken down & set vp, in y^e yeare 1553. it thē wayed 40. poūd. At which time it was found to be of copper gilt ouer, and the length from the bill to the taile, being 4. foote, and the breadth ouer the wings, 3. foote & a halfe: the crosse from the bole, to the Eagle (or Cocke) was fift••ene foote, and sixe inches of a sise: the length thereof ouerthwart, was fiue foote and ten inches: and the compasse of the bole was nine foote and one inch. The inner bodie of this Crosse, was Oake, the next couer was Leade, and the vttermost was of Copper, red varnished. The boale and Eagle, or Cocke, were of Copper and gilt also. The height of the stéeple was 520. foote,* 1.985 wherof the stone worke, is 260. foote, and y^• spire was likewise 260. foote: the length of y^• whole church,* 1.986 is two hundred and fortie taylors yardes, which make 720. foote: the breadth thereof, is 130. foote: and the height of the body of that church, is 150. foote.* 1.987 This church hath a Bishop, a Deane, a Precentor, Chauncelor, Treasurer, and fiue Archdeacons: to wit, of London, Middlesex, Essex, Colchester and S. Albons: it hath Prebendaries thirtie, Cannons twelue, Uickars Chorall six, &c.

The Colledge of Petty Cannons there,* 1.988 was founded by king Richard the second, in honor of Quéene Anne his wife, and of her progenitors, in the 17. of his raign. Their Hall and lands was then giuen vnto them, as appeareth by the Pattent, Maister Robert Dokesworth then being maister thereof.

There was also one great Cloyster on the North side of this church,* 1.989 inuironing a plot of ground, of old time called Pardō church yard, whereof Thomas More (Deane of Pauls) was either the first builder, or a most especiall benefactor, and was buried there.* 1.990 About this Cloyster, was artificially & richly painted, the dance of Macha∣bray,

or dance of death, commonly called the dance of Pauls: the like wherof, was painted about S. Innocents cloister, at Paris in Frāce: the metres or poesie of this daunce, were translated out of French into English, by Iohn Lidgate, the Monke of Bery, & with y^• picture of Death, leading all estates painted about the Cloyster: at the speciall request and dispence of Iankin Carpenter, in the Raigne of Henry the 6. In this Cloyster were buried many persons, some of worship, and others of honour: the monuments of whom, in num∣ber and curious workemanship, passed all other that were in that church.

Ouer the East Quadrant of this Cloyster, was a faire Libra∣rie,* 1.991 builded at the costs and charges of Walter Sherington, Chance∣lor of the Duchie of Lancaster, in the raigne of Henry the 6. which hath béene well furnished with faire written bookes in Uellum: but fewe of them now do remaine there. In the middest of this pardon church yard, was also a faire Chapel,* 1.992 first foūded by Gilbert Becker, Portgraue and principal magistrate of this citie, in the raign of king Stephen, who was there buried.

Thomas Moore Deane of Pauls before named, reedified this Chappel, and founded thrée Chaplains there, in the raigne of Henry the 5.

In the yeare 1549. on the tenth of Aprill, the said Chappell by commaundement of the Duke of Summerset, was begun to bee pulled downe, with the whole Cloystrie, the daunce of Death, the Tombes, and monuments: so that nothing thereof was left, but the bare plot of ground, which is since conuerted into a garden, for the Pety Canons. There was also a Chapel at the North dore of Pauls,* 1.993 founded by the same Walter Sherington, by license of Henry the sixt, for two, thrée, or foure Chaplains, indowed with fortie pound by the yeare. This Chapell also was pulled downe in the raigne of Edward the sixt, and in place thereof, a faire house builded.

There was furthermore, a faire Chapel of the holy Ghost in Pauls church, on the North side: founded in the yeare, 1400. by Roger Holmes, Chauncelor and Prebendary of Pauls, for Adam Bery Alderman, Iohn Wingham and others, for seuen Chaplains, and called Holmes Colledge.* 1.994 Their common Hall was in Pauls church yard on the South side. This Colledge also was with others sup∣pressed

in the raigne of Edward the sixt. Then vnder the Quire of Paules is alarge chapel, first dedicated to the name of Iesu, founded the 37. of Henry the sixt, as appeareth by his patent thereof, dated at Crodowne to this effect. Many liege men, and Christian people hauing begun a fraternitie, and guild, to the honour of the most glo∣rious name of Iesu Christ our Sauiour, in a place called y^• crowdes of the Cathedrall church of Paules in London, which hath continu∣ed long time peaceably, till now of late: whereupon they haue made request, and we haue taken vpon vs the name and charge of the foundation, to the la••de of Almightie God, the Father, the Sonne and the holy Ghost, and especially to the honour of Iesu, in whose honour, the fraternitie was begun, &c.

The King ordained William Say then Deane of Pauls to bee the Rector, and Richard Ford, (a remembrancer in the Exchequer) and Henry Bennis (clarke of his priuie Seale) the Gardians of these brothers and sisters: they and theyr successors to haue a com∣mon seale: license to purchase lands or tenements to the value of 40 pound by the yeare, &c.

This foundation was confirmed by Henry the seuenth, the two and twentie of his reigne, to Doctor Collet, then Deane of Powles, Rector there, &c. And by Henry the eight, the seuen and twentieth of his raigne, to Richard Pace, then Deane of Pauls, &c.

At the West ende of this Iesus chapell, vnder the Quire of Pauls, also was a Parish church of Saint Fayth,* 1.995 commonly cal∣led Saint Faith vnder Pauls, which serued for the Stacioners and others, dwelling in Pauls church yard, Pater Noster Rowe, and the places neare adioyning. The said chapell of Iesus being sup∣pressed in the raigne of Edward the sixt: the Parishioners of Saint Fayths church were remooued into the same Iesus chapell, as to a place more sufficient for largenesse and lightsomenesse, then their former church was, and so it still remaineth to that vse.

Then was there on the North side of this church yarde, a Charnell house* 1.996 for the boanes of the dead, and ouer it a chapell of an olde foundation, such as followeth. In the yeare one thousand two hundred eightie two, the tenth of Edward the first, it was a∣greed,

that Henry Walles Mayor, and the citizens, for cause of shops by them builded, without the wal of the churh yard, should as∣signe to God, and to the church of Saint Paul, ten markes of rent by the yeare for euer, towards the new building of a chapell of the blessed Uirgin Mary, and also to assigne fiue markes of yearly rent to a Chaplaine to celebrate there.

Moreouer in the yeare 1430. the eight of Henry the sixt, license was graunted to Iankin Carpenter, (executor to Richard Whittington) to establish vpon the said Charnell, a Chaplaine, to haue eight markes by the yeare: Then was also in this chapel, two brotherhoods. In this chapell were buried Robert Barton, and Henry Barton Maior, and Thomas Mirfin Maior, all Skin∣ners, and were entombed with their Images of Alablaster ouer them, grated about with Iron: all which, was pulled downe in the yeare one thousand fiue hundred fortie nine, the bones of the dead, couched vp in a Charnill (by report of him who paid for the cariage) were conueied from thence into Finsbery fielde, amounting to more then one thousand cart loades, and there laid on a moorish ground,* 1.997 in short space after raysed (by soylage of the citie) to heare thrée winde-milles.

The chapell and Charnill were conuerted into dwelling hou∣ses, ware houses, and sheads for Stacioners, builded before it, in place of the Tombes. In the East part of this church yard, standeth Powles schoole,* 1.998 lately builded and endowed in the yeare 1512. by Iohn Collet Doctor of Diuinitie, and Deane of Powles, for 153. poore mens children, to be taught frée in the same scoole, for which hée appointed a Maister, a Surmaister, or Usher, and a Chaplaine, with large stipends for euer, committing the case and ouersight thereof, to the Maister, Wardens, and Assistants of the Mearcers in London, because he was borne in London, and was sonne to Henry Collet, Mearcer, sometime Maior. He left to these Mearcers, landes, to the yearelie value of one hundred and twentie pound or better. Neare vnto this schoole on the North side thereof, was of old time a great and high Clochier* 1.999 (or Bel-house) foure square, builded of Stone, and in the same a most strong frame of Timber, with foure Belles, the greatest that I haue heard off: these were called Iesus Belles, and belonged to Iesus Chapell, but I

know not by whose gift: the same had a great speare of timber, co∣uered with Lead, with the image of Saint Paul on the top, but was pulled downe by sir Miles Partredge knight, in the raigne of Henry the eight.

The common spéech then was, that he did set an hundred poūd vpon a cast at dice against it, and so wonne the saide Clocheard and belles of the King: and then causing the belles to be broken as they hoong, the rest was pulled downe and broken also. This man was afterward executed on the Tower hill, for matters concerning the Duke of Summerset, in the yeare 1551. the fift of Edward the sixt.

In place of this Clochearde, of olde times, the common Bell of the citie* 1.1000 was vsed to be roong for the assembly of the citizens, to their Folke motes as I haue before shewed. About the middest of this church yard, is a Pulpit Crosse* 1.1001 of timber, mounted vpon steppes of stone, and couered with Leade. In which, are sermons preached by learned Diuines euery Sunday in the forenoone. The very anti∣quitie whereof, is to me vnknowne: but I reade, that in the yeare 1259. King Henry the third, commanded a generall assembly to be made at this Crosse, where he in proper person commaunded the Mayor, that on the next day following, he should cause to bee sworne before the Aldermen, euery stripling of twelue yeares of age, or vpward, to bee true to the King and his heires, Kings of Eng∣land.

Also in the yeare 1262. the same King caused to bee read at Pauls Crosse, a Bull obtained from Pope Vrban the fourth, as an absolution for him, and for all that were sworne to maintaine the Ar∣ticles made in Parliament at Oxford. Also in the yeare 1299. the Deane of Pauls, accursed at Pauls Crosse, all those which had searched in the church of Saint Martin in the field, for an h••••rd of Gold, &c.

Thomas Kemp Bishop of London, new builded this Pulpit and Crosse, in forme as it now standeth. In the yeare 1561. the fourth of Iune, betwixt the houre of thrée and foure of the Clocke in afternoone, the great speare of the stéeple of Saint Pauls church,* 1.1002 was fiered by lightening, which brake fourth (as it séemed) two or thrée yardes beneathe the foote of the Crosse, and from thence it brent

downeward the speare to the battlements, stone worke and bels, so furiously, that within the space of foure houres, the same stéeple with all the Roofes of the church, were consumed, to the great sorow and perpetuall remembrance of all the beholders. After this mis∣chance, the Quéenes Maiestie directed her letters to the Maior, willing him to take order for spéedie repairing of the same.* 1.1003 And she of her Gracious disposition, for the furtherance thereof, did present∣ly, giue and deliuer in gold 1000. markes, with a warrant for 1000. l••ades of timber, to be taken out of her woods, or elsewhere.

The citizens also gaue first a great benenolence,* 1.1004 and after that thrée fiftéenes to be spéedilie paide.* 1.1005 The Cleargie of England, likewise within the Prouince of Canterburie, graunted the fourth part of the value of their benefices, charged with first fruites, the thirtieth part of such as were not so charged, but the Cleargie of Lon∣don Dioces, graunted the thirtieth part of all that paide first fruites, and the twentieth part of such as hadde payde theyr fruites.

Six citizens of London, and two Pettie Canons of Powles church, hadde charge to further and ouersée the woorke, wherein such expedition was vsed, that within one moneth next following the burning thereof, the church was couered with boordes and lead, in manner of a false Roofe against the weather, and before the ende of the said yeare, all the said Iles of the church were framed out of new timber, couered with leade, and fully finished. The same yeare also, the great Roofes of the West and East endes were framed out of great timber in Yorkeshiere, brought thence to London by sea, and set vp, and couered with leade. But concerning the stéeple, litle was done, through whose default God knoweth: it was said, that the mo∣ney appointed for newe building of the stéeple, was collected, and brought to the hands of Edmond Grindall then Bishop of Lon∣don. The monuments in this church* 1.1006 be these. First as I reade, of Erkenwalde Bishop of London, buried in the olde church, about the yeare of Christ, seuen hundred, whose body was translated into the newe worke, in the yeare one thousand one hundred & fortie, being richly shrined, aboue the Quire behinde the high Al∣ter.

Sebba or Seba King of the East Saxons, first buried in the old

Church, and after that, remooued into the new, and laid in a coffin of stone, on the North side, without the Quire. Etheldred King of the West Saxons, was likewise buried and remooued. William Nor∣man Bishop of London, in the reignes of Edward the Confessor, and of William the Conqueror, deceased, one thousand and seuenty, and is now buried in the West Ile, with an Epitaph, as in another place I haue shewed. Eustauchius de Fanconbridge Bishop of London 1228. buried in the South Ile, aboue the Quire. Roger Nigar Bishop of London 1241. buried on the North side the Quire. Fulco Basset Bishop of London 1259. Henry Wingham B. 1262. Henry Lacye, Earle of Lincolne, in the new worke of Powles, betwixt our Lady chapel, and S. Dunstons chapell, where a faire monument was raised for him, with his pic∣ture in armour, crosse legged, as one professed for defence of the ho∣ly land, against the infidels. His monument is foulely defaced.* 1.1007 Raphe Baldoke B. of London 1313. in our Lady chapell, where∣of he was founder.

Some haue noted, that in digging the foundation of this newe woorke of Powles, there were founde more then an hun∣dred scalpes of Oxen,* 1.1008 or Kine, which thing (say they) confirmeth greatly the opinion of those which haue reported, that of olde time there had bene a Temple of Iupiter, and that there was daily sacri∣fice of beasts.

Othersome, both wise and learned, haue thought the Bucks head, boorne before the procession of Paules, on Saint Paules day, to signifie the like. But true it is, that I haue read an auncient déede to this effect.

Sir William Baud knight, the third of Edward the first,* 1.1009 in the yeare 1274. on Candlemas day, grautned to Haruy de Borham, Deane of Powles, and to the chapter there, that in consideration of twentie two Akers of ground or land, by them granted within their manor of Westley in Essex, to be inclosed into his park of Curing∣ham, he would for euer vpon the feast day of the conuersion of Saint Paul in winter, giue vnto them a good Doe, seasonable and swéete, and vpon the feast of the commemoration of Saint Paul in summer, a good Bucke, and offer the same at the high Alter, the same to bee

spent amongst the Canons residents: the Doe to bee brought by one man at the houre of Procession, and through the Procession to the high Alter: and the bringer to haue nothing: the Bucke to be brought by all his meyney in like manner, and they to haue payd vnto them by the Chamberlaine of the church, 12. pence onely, and no more to be required. This graunt he made, and for performance, bound the lands of him and his heires to bee distrained on: and if the landes shoulde bee euicted, that yet hee and his heires shoulde accomplishe the gift. Witnesses Richard Tilbery, William de Vockendon, Richard de Harlowe, Knights, Peter of Stanforde, Thomas of Waldon, and some o∣thers.

Syr Walter Baude Knight, so••ne to William, confir∣med this gift, in the thirtieth of the said King, and the witnesses thereunto, were Nicholas de Wokendon, Richard de Rokeley, Thomas de Mandeuile, Iohn de Rocheford, Knights, Richard de Broniforde; William de Markes, William de Fulham, and other. Thus much for the grant.

Now what I haue heard by report, and haue partly séene, it followeth. On the feast day of the Cōmemoration of Saint Paul, the bucke beeing brought vp to the steps of the high Alter in Powles church, at the houre of Procession, the Deane and chapter being apparelled in Coapes and Uestments, with garlands of Roses on their heads, they sent the body of the Bucke to baking, and had the head fixed on a powle, boorne before the Crosse in in their procession, vntill they issued out of the West doore, where the kéeper that brought it, blowed the death of the Bucke, and then the Horners that were about the Cittie, presentlie aunswered him in like manner: for the which paines, they had each one, of the Deane and Chapter, foure pence in money, and their dinner: and the kéeper that brought it, was allowed during his aboade there, for that seruice, meate, drinke and lodging, at the Deane and Chapters charges, and fiue shillings in money at his going away, togither with a loafe of bread, hauing the picture of Saint Paule vppon it, &c.

There was belonging to the church of Saint Paul for both the dayes, two speciall sutes of Uestments, the one imbrodered with Buckes, the other with Does, both giuen by the said Bandes (as I haue heard.) Thus much for y^e matter. Now to the residue of the mo∣numents, Henry Gylford, L. Marshall, was buried in the Postles chapell 1313. Richard Newport Bishop 1318. Sir Iohn Bew∣camp, Constable of Douer, Wardon of the Portes, Knight of the Garter: sonne to Gwye Bewcampe, Earle of Warwicke, and brother to Thomas, Earle of Warwicke, in the body of the church on the South side 1358. where a faire monument remaineth of him: he is by ignorant people ••isnamed, to be Humphrey Duke of Gloster, who lyeth honourably buried at Saint Albons, twentie miles from London: and therefore such as merily professe them∣selues to serue Duke Humphrey in Powles, are to bee punished here, and sent to Saint Albons, there to be punished againe, for theyr absence from theyr Maister, as they call him.

Sir Raphe de Hingham, chéefe Iustice of both Benches, successiuely buried in the side of the North walke, against the Quire, 1308. Sir Iohn Putteney Draper Mayor, 1348. in a faire chapell by him builded, on the North side of Powles, wherin he foū∣ded 3. chaplains.

Richard de Plesseys in the North walke before Saint Geor∣ges chapell, 1361. Sir Symon Burley, Constable of Douer, and Chamberlaine to Richard the second, knight of the Garter behea∣ded, lyeth buried in the North walke against the Quire. Adam de Bery Mayor, in the yeare 1364. buried in a Chapel of Saint Mary Magdalen: or of the holy Ghost, called Holmes Col∣ledge.

Roger Holmes Chauncelor and Prebend of Powles, was buried there 1400. Iohn of Gaunt Duke of Lancaster 1399. buried on the North side the Quire, by Blanch his first wife, who deceased in the yeare 1368. The Dutchesse of Bedforde, sister to Philip Duke of Burgonie, one thousand foure hundred thirtie thrée. Robert Fitz Hewe, Bishop of London, in the quire, one thousand foure hundred thirtie fiue. Thomas Kempe Bishop of London, in a proper chapell of the Trinitie, by him founded in the body of the

Church on the North side, 1489. Iohn Collet Deane of Powles on the South side without the quire, 1519. Richard Fitz Iames, Bi∣shop of London lyeth hard beneath the North-west Piller of Pauls steeple, vnder a faire tombe, and a chapell of timber with staires, mounting thereunto ouer his tombe,1521. his chapell was burned by fier, falling from the stéeple. Iohn Stokesly Bishop of London in our Lady chapell 1539. Iohn Neuel, Lord Latimere, in a chapell by the North doore of Powles, about the yeare, 1542. Sir Iohn Mason knight, in the North walke against the quire, 1566. Willi∣am Herbert Earle of Pembrooke, knight of the Garter, on the North side the quire, 1569. Sir Nicholas Bacon, Lord kéeper of the great Seale, on the South side of the Quire, 1578. Sir Philip Sidney aboue the Quire, on the North side the Quire, 1586. Sir Francis Walsingham knight, principall Secretarie, and chauncelor of the Duchie of Lancaster 1590. Sir Christopher Hatton Lord Chancelor of England, knight of the Garter, aboue the Quire, 1591 vnder a most sumptuous monument, whereof a mery Poet writ thus.

Philip and Francis haue no Tombe, For great Christopher takes all the roome.

Iohn Elmare Bishop of London, before S. Georges chapell, 1594. The Lady Heneage, and her husband sir Thomas Heneage Chauncelor of the Dutchie, 1595. Richard Fletcher Bishop of London, 1596. These as the chéefe haue I noted, and so an end for Pauls church.

Without the North gate of Powles church, from the ende of the olde Exchange, West vppe Pater Noster Rowe,* 1.1010 by the two lanes out of Pauls church, the first out of the crosse Ile of Pauls, the other out of the body of the church, about the middest thereof, and so West to the golden Lyon, be all of this Warde, as is aforesaid: The houses in this stréete, from the first North gate of Pauls church∣yard, vnto the next gate, was first builded without the wall of the churchyard, by Henry Walles Mayor, in the yeare 1282. The rents of those houses go to the maintenance of London bridge. This ••••reete is now called Pater Noster Rowe, because of Stacioners or Text writers that dwelled there, who wrote and solde all sorts of

bookes then in vse, namely, A. B. C. Or Abstes with the Pater Noster, Aue, Creede, Graces, &c.

There dwelled also turners of Beades, and they were called Pater Noster makers:* 1.1011 as I read in a Record of one Robert Nikke Pater Noster maker, and Citizen, in the raign of Henry the fourth, and so of other. At the end of this Pater Noster Rowe, is Aue Ma∣ry Lane,* 1.1012 so called vpon the like occasion of text writers, and Beade makers, then dwelling there: and at the ende of that Lane is like∣wise Creede Lane,* 1.1013 late so called (but sometime Spurrier Rowe, of Spurriers dwelling there) and Amen Lane,* 1.1014 is added thereunto, be∣twixt the South end of Warwicke Lane, and the North end of Aue Mary Lane: at the North end of Aue Mary lane, is one great house builded of stone and timber, of olde time pertaining to Iohn Duke of Britaine,* 1.1015 Earle of Richmond, as appeareth by the Records of Edw. the second: since that it is called Pembrookes Inne, neare vnto Lud∣gate, as belonging to the Earles of Pembrooke in the times of Ric. the 2. the 18. yeare: and of Henry the sixt, in the 14. yeare. It is now called Burgaueny house, and belonged to Henry, late Lorde of Burgaueny. Betwixt the South end of Aue Mary Lane, and the North end of Creede Lane, is the comming out of Powles church yard, on the East, and the high stréete on the West, towards Lud∣gate, and this is called Bowier Rowe,* 1.1016 of bowiers dwelling there in olde time, now worne out by Mearcers and others. In this stréete on the North side, is the Parish church of S. Martin, a proper church, and lately new builded: for in the yeare 1437. Iohn Michael Ma∣ior and the communaltie, granted to William Downe parson of S. Martins at Ludgate,* 1.1017 a parcell of ground, containing in length 28. foote, and in breadth 24. foote, to set & build their stéeple vpon, &c. The Monuments here, be of Henry Belwase, and Iohn Gest, 1458. Wil∣liam Tauerner Gentleman 1466, Iohn Barton Esquire, 1439. Stephen Pecocke Mayor 1533. Sir Roger Cholemly, some say William Seuen-Oake Mayor, &c.

On the South side of this stréete, is the turning into the Black-Fryers,* 1.1018 which order sometime had their house in Olde-Boorne, where they remained for the space of fiftie fiue yeares, and then in the yeare 1276. Gregory Roksley Mayor, and the Barons of this citie,* 1.1019 granted and gaue to Robert Kilwarby Arch-Bishop of Can∣terbury,

two (Lanes or wayes) next the stréete of Baynards Castle, and also the Tower of Mountfichit, to bee destroyed: in place of which, the saide Robert builded the late new church of the Blacke-Fryers, and placed them therein. King Edward the first and Elya∣nor his wife, were great benefactors thereunto. This was a large church, and richly furnished with Ornaments: wherein diuers Parliaments and other great méetings hath béene holden: namely in the yeare one thousand foure hundred and fiftie, the twentie eight of Henry the sixt, a Parliament was begun at Westminster, and adiourned to the Blacke-Fryers in London. In the yeare, 1527. the Emperor Charles the fifth, was lodged there. In the yeare 1524. the fiftéenth of Aprill, a Parliament was begun at the Black-Fryers, wherein was demaunded a subsidie of 800000. pound to bee ray∣sed of goodes and lands, 4. shillings of euery pound, and in the end•• was graunted 2. shillings of the pound, of goods or lands, that were woorth 20. pound, or might dispend 20. pounde by the yeare, and so vpward, to be paid in 2. yeares. This Parliament was adiourned to Westminster, amongst the blacke Monkes, & ended in the Kings Pallace there, the 14. of August, at 9. of the clocke in the night, & was therefore called the blacke Parliament.* 1.1020 In the yeare 1529. Cardinal Campenis the Legat with Cardinall Woolsey, sate at y^e said Black Fryers, where before them as Legats and Iudges, was brought in question the Kings marriage with Quéen Kathren as to be vnlaw∣full, before whom thè King and Quéen were cited and summoned to appeare, &c. Whereof more at large in other places hath béene tou∣ched. The same yeare in the moneth of October, begā a Parliament in the Blacke-Fryers, in the which Cardinall Woolsey was con∣demned in the priminerie: this house valued at 104. li. 15. shillings 5. d. was surrendred the twelfth of Nouember, the thirtieth of Henry the eight. There are interred, or buried in this Church, Margaret Quéene of Scots: Hubert de Brugh Earle of Kent, translated from their olde church, by Olde-Boorne: Robert de Attabeto Earle of Bellimon: Dame Izabel wife to Sir Roger Bygot, Earle Marshall: William and Iane Huse, children to Dame Elils, Countesse of Arundell, and by them lyeth Dame Ellis, daughter to the Earle Warren, and after Countesse of Arundell.

Dame Ide wife to sir Walter daughter to Ferrers of Chartley, Richard de Brewes: Dame Iahu, daughter to Thomas, wife to Syr Gnight. Richard Strange, son to Roger Strange, Elizabeth daugh∣ter to sir Bartholomewe Badlesmere, wife to sir William Bohanne Earle of Northampton. Marsh, the Earles of Marche, and Here∣forde, and Elizabeth Countesse of Arondell. Dame Iohan daugh∣ter to sir Iohn C••rne, first wife to sir Gwide Bryan. Hugh Clare Knight. The heart of Quéene Helianor the foundresse: the heart of Alfence her son, the harts of Iohn and Margaret, childrē to Wil. Valence, sir William Thorpe Iustice, the Lord Lyoth of Yreland: Maude wife to Geffrey Say, daughter to the Earle of Warwicke, Dame Sible, daughter to William Pattehulle, wife to Roger Bew∣champe, and by her Sir Richard or Roger Bewchampe, Lord S. A∣mand, & Dame Elizabeth his wife, daughter to the Duke of Lanca∣ster: Sir Stephen Collington knight, Sir Wi. Peter knight. Sir Io. Tiptoste, Earle of Woorster beheaded 1470. William Paston, and Anne daughter to Edmond of Lancaster, the Lord Beamount, Sir Edmond Cromwell, Baron of Burford, the Lady Neuel wedded to the lord Douglasse, da••ghter to the Duke of Excester, Ri. Scroope Esquire, Dame Katheren Vaux, alias Cobham, Sir Th. Browne, and dame Elizabeth his wife, Iane Powell, Thomas Swinforth, Iohn Mawsley Esquire, 1432. Iohn de la Bere, Nicholas Carre Esquire, Geffrey Spring Esquire: William Clifford Esquire, Sir Thomas Brandon knight of the Garter, 1509. William Stalworth Merchantaylor, 1518. William Courtney Earle of Deuonshire, nominated, but not created, the third of Henry the eight, &c.

There is a Parish of Saint Anne within the Precinct of the Blacke-Fryers,* 1.1021 which was pulled downe with the Friers church, by Sir Thomas Cardin, alias Carden: but in the raigne of Quéene Mary, he being forced to finde a church to the inhabitants, allowed them a lodging chamber aboue a staire, which since that time, to wit, the yeare 1597. fell downe, and was againe by collecti∣ons therefore made, new builded in the same yeare, and was dedica∣ted on the eleuenth of December. Now to turn again out of y^e Black Fryers through Bowier Rowe, Aue-mary lane and Pater Noster Rowe,* 1.1022 to the church of Saint Michaell ad Bladum, or at the corn, corruptlie at the Querne, so called, because in place thereof, was sometime a corne market, stretching vp West to the Shambles:

It séemeth that this church was first builded, about the raigne of Ed∣ward the third, Thomas Newton first parson there, was buried in the Quire, the yeare 1361. which was the 35. of Edward the third.* 1.1023 At the East end of this church stood a crosse, called the old crosse, in West cheape,* 1.1024 which was taken downe in the yeare, 1390. the 13. of Richard the second: since the which time, the said parish church was also taken downe, but new builded and inlarged, in the yeare 1430 the eight of Henry the sixt. William Estefield Mayor, and the com∣munaltie, graunted of the common soyle of the citie, thrée féete and a halfe in breadth on the North part, and foure foote in breadth toward the East, for the enlarging thereof. This is now a proper church, and hath the monuments of Thomas Newton first parson, Roger Woodcocke Hatter, 1475. Thomas Ressell Brewer, 1473. Iohn Hulton Stacioner 1475. Iohn Oxney, Roger North* 1.1025 Marchant, Haberdasher, 1509. Henry Pranel Uintener, one of the Sheriffes 1585. William Elkin one of the Sheriffes, 1586. Thomas Banckes, 1598. &c.

At the East end of this church, in place of the olde crosse, is now a water conduit placed.* 1.1026 W. Estfielde Mayor, the 9. of Henry the 6. at the request of diuers common councels, granted it so to bee: wher∣vpon in the 19. of the same Henry, one thousand markes was gran∣ted by a common councell towards the workes of this conduit, and the reparations of other, this is called the litle conduit in West cheape by Powles gate. At the West ende of this parish church, is a small passage for people on foote, through the same church, and west from the said church, some distance, is an other passage out of Pater Noster Rowe, and is called of such a signe, Panyar Ally,* 1.1027 which com∣meth out into the North, ouer against S. Martins Lane. Next is Iuie Lane,* 1.1028 so called of Iuie growing on the walles of the Prebend almes houses, but now the Lane is replenished on both the sides with faire houses, and diuers offices be there kept, by registers, namely for the prerogatiue court of the Archbishop of Canterburie, the Probate of willes, and for the Lord Treasurers remembrance of the Exchequer, &c.

This Lane runneth North to the West ende of S. Nicholas Shambles. Of olde time was one great house, sometimes belonging to the Earles of Britaine, since that to the Louels, and was called

Louels Inne:* 1.1029 for Mathild, wife to Iohn Louell, held it in the first of Henry the 6. Then is Eldenese Lane,* 1.1030 which stretcheth North to the high stréete of Newgate Market, the same is now called War∣wicke Lane, of an auncient house there builded by an Earle of War∣wicke, and was since called Warwicke Inne.* 1.1031 It is on record called a Messuage in Eldenese Lane, in the parish of S. Sepulchre, the 28. of Henry the 6. Cicille the Duches to Warwicke, possessed it. Now againe from the Conduit by Powles gate on the North side, is a large stréete, running West to Newgate: the first part whereof, from the Conduit to the Shambles, is (of selling bladders there) cal∣led Bladder stréete.* 1.1032 Then behinde the Butchers shoppes be now di∣uers slaughter houses inward, and Tipling houses outward. This is called Mountgodard Stréete,* 1.1033 by all likelihood of the Tipling hou∣ses there, and the Goddards or Pots, mounting from the tap to the table, from the table to the mouth, and sometimes ouer the head. Al∣so this stréete goeth vp to the North end of Iuie Lane. Before this Mountgodard stréete, stall boords were set vp by the Butchers, to shewe and to sell their flesh meate vpon, ouer the which stalboords, they first builded sheads to kéepe off the weather: but since that, in∣croching by litle and litle, they haue made these stall boords & sheads, faire houses, méete for the principall Shambles. Next is Newgate Market,* 1.1034 first of corne and meale, and then of other victualls, which stretcheth almost to Eldenese Lane. A faire, new, and strong fram•• of Timber couered with leade was therefore set vppe at the char∣ges to the Citie, neare to the West corner of S. Nicholas shambles, for the meale to be weyed, in the 1. of Ed. the 6. Sir Iohn Gresham being then Maior. On this side the North corner of Eldenese Lane, was sometime a propper parish Church of S. Ewine,* 1.1035 (as is before said) was giuen by Henry the 8. towards the erecting of Christes Church: it was taken downe, and in place thereof, a faire strong frame of timber was erected, wherein dwell men of diuers Trades. And from this frame to Newgate, is all of this Warde, and so an ende thereof. It hath an Alderman, his Deputie, Common Coun∣cell 12. Constables 17. Scauingers 18. Wardmote Inquest, 18. and a Bedle. And is taxed to the fiftéene in London, at 54. pound, and in the Exchequer at 53. pound, 6. shillings 8. pence.

Bredstreete Warde.

BRedstréete Ward* 1.1036 beginneth in the high stréete of West Cheape, to wit, on the South side, from the Standard, to the great Crosse. Then is also a part of Watheling stréet of this ward, to wit, from ouer against the Red Lyon on the North side vp almost to Powles gate, for it lacketh but one house of S. Augustins Church. And on the South side, from y^e Red Lyon gate to the Old Exchaunge, and down the same Exchaunge on the East side, by the West end of Mayden Lane, or Distar Lane, to Knight∣rydars stréete, or as they call that part thereof, Old Fishstréete. And all the North side of the said Old Fishstréete, to the South ende of Bredstréete, and by that still in Knightridars stréete, till ouer against the Trinitie Church, and Trinitie Lane. Then is Bredstréet* 1.1037 it selfe so called of bread in old time there sold: for it appeareth by records, that in the yeare 1302. which was the 30. of Ed. the 1. The Bakers of London were bounden to sell no bread in their shops or houses, but in the Market, and that they should haue 4. Hall motes in the yeare, at foure seuerall termes, to determine of enormities belon∣ging to the said Company.

This stréete giuing the name to the whole Warde, beginneth in West Cheape, almost by the Standard, and runneth downe South, through or thwart Watheling stréete, to Knightridars stréet aforesaid, where it endeth. This Bredstréete is wholly on both sides of this Warde. Out of the which stréete on the East side, is Basing Lane, a péece whereof, to wit, too and and ouer against the backe gate of the Red Lyon in Watheling stréete, is of this Bredstréete Warde.

Then is there one other stréete, which is called Friday stréete,* 1.1038 and beginneth also in West Cheape, and runneth downe South through Watheling stréete, to Knightrider stréete (or Old Fishstréet) This Friday stréete is of Bredstréete Warde, on the East side from ouer against the Northeast corner of saint Mathewes Church, and on the West side from the South corner of the said Church, down•• as aforesaid.

In this Fryday stréete on the West side thereof, is a Lane, com∣monly called Mayden Lane, or Distaffe Lane, corruptly for Distar Lane, which runneth West into the olde Exchange: and in this lane is also one other Lane, on the South side thereof, likewise called Di∣star Lane, which runneth downe to Knightriders Stréete, or olde Fishstréete: and so be the boundes of this whole Warde. The Mo∣numents to bee noted here, are first, the most bewtifull frame and front of faire houses and shops, that be within all the walles of Lon∣don, or elsewhere in England, commonly called Godsmithes rowe,* 1.1039 betwixt Breadstréet end, and the Crosse in Cheape, but is within this Breadstréete Warde: the same was builded by Thomas Wood Goldsmith, one of the Sheriffes, in the yeare 1491. It continueth in number, tenne faire dwelling houses, and fouretéene shops, all in one frame vniformely builded, foure stories high, bewtified towards the stréete, with the Goldsmithes Armes, and the likenesse of wood∣men (in memorie of his name) riding on monstrous beasts, all which is cast in Leade, richly painted ouer, and guilt: these hee gaue to the Goldsmithes, with stockes of money to be lent to young men, ha∣uing those shops &c.

This said Front was againe new painted and guilt ouer, in the yeare 1594. Sir Richard Martin being then Maior, and kéeping his Maioraltie in one of them, and seruing out the time of Cutber•• Buckle in that office, from the second of Iulie, til the 28. of October. Then for Watheling Stréete,* 1.1040 which Leyland calleth Atheling or Noble stréet: but since he sheweth no reason why it was so called, I rather take it so named of the great high way of the same calling. True it is, that at this present as of olde time also, the inhabitants thereof were and are, wealthy Drapers, retailors of woollen cloathes both broad and narrowe, of all sortes, more then in any one stréete of this Citie. Of the olde Exchange, heere I haue noted in Faring∣don Warde: wherfore I passe downe to Knightriders stréet,* 1.1041 wher∣of I haue also spoken in Cordwainer stréete Ward, but in this part of the said Knightriders stréete, is a fishmarket kept, and therefore called olde Fishstréete, for a difference from new Fishstréete.

In this olde Fishstréete,* 1.1042 is one rowe of small houses, placed along in the middest of Knightriders stréete, which rowe is also of Bredstréete Warde, these houses now possessed of Fishmoongers, were at the

first but mooueable boordes (or stables) sette out on market dayes, to shewe their fish there to be sold: but procuring license to set vp sheads, they grewe to shops, and by litle and litle, to tall houses, of thrée or 4. stories in heigth, and now are called Fishstréete. Bredestréet,* 1.1043 so cal∣led of bread solde there (as I sayd) is now wholely inhabited by rich Marchants, and diuers faire Innes be there for good receipt of car∣riers, and other trauellers to the citie. On the East side of this stréet, at the corner of Watheling Stréete, is the proper church of Alhal∣lowes in Bred street,* 1.1044 wherin are the monuments of Iames Thame Goldsmith, Iohn Walpole Goldsmith 1349. Thomas Bea∣mount Alderman, one of y^e Sheriffes, 1442. Sir Richard Chaury Salter Maior, 1509. Sir Thomas Pargitar Salter Maior, 1530. Henry Sucley Marchantailor, one of the Sheriffes 1541. Richard Reade Alderman, that serued & was taken prisoner in Scotland, 1545 Robert House one of the Sheriffes, 1586. William Albany: Richard May, and Roger Abde Marchantaylors. The stéeple of this church had sometime a faire spéere of stone, but taken downe vpon this oc∣casion. In the yeare 1559. the fifth of September, about noone or mid∣day, fell a great tempest at London, in the ende whereof, happened a great lightening, with a terrible clap of thunder, which strooke the said speere about nine or tenne foote beneath the top thereof:* 1.1045 out of the which place fell a stone, that slew a dogge, and ouerthrew a man that was playing with the dogge: the same speere being but litle ••amnified hereby, was shortly after taken downe, for sparing the charges of reparation. On the same side is Salters Hall,* 1.1046 with sixe almes houses in number, builded for poore decayed brethren of that company: This Hall was burned in the yeare 1539. and againe ree∣dified.

Lower downe on the same side, is the parish church of Saint Mildred* 1.1047 the Uirgine. The monuments in this Church bee of the Lord Trenchaunt, of Saint Albons knight, who was supposed to be eyther the new builder of this Church, or best benefactor to the works therof, about the year 1300. & odde. Cornish gentleman 1312. William Palmer Blader a great benefactor also 1356. Iohn Shad∣worth Mayor, 1401. who gaue the parsonate house, a reuestry, and Churchyard, in the yeare 1428. and his monument is pulled down.

Stephen Bugge Gentleman, his Armes be 3. water bugges, 1419 Roger Forde Uintoner, 1440. Thomas Barnwell Fishmonger, one of the Sheriffes, 1434. Sir Iohn Hawlen Clarke, Parson of that Church, who built the Parsonage house newly, after the same had bene burned to the ground, togither with the Parson and his man also, burned in that fire,* 1.1048 1485. Iohn Pranell 1510. William Hurstwaight Pewterer to the King, 1526. Christopher Turner Chirurgian to King Henry the 8. 1530. Raphe Simonds Fishmon∣ger, one of the Sheriffes, in the yeare 1527. Thomas Laugham gaue to the poore of that Parish foure Tenements, 1575. Tho∣mas Hall Salter, 1582. Thomas Collins Salter, Alderman. Sir Ambrose Nicholas Salter, Maior, 1575. was buried in Sir Iohn Chadworths Uault.

Out of this Bredstréet, on the same East side, is a Basing lane, a part whereof (as is afore shewed) is of this Warde, but howe it tooke the name I haue not read: other then that in the 20. yeare of Richard the second, the same was called the Bakehouse:* 1.1049 whether¦ment for the Kings Bakehouse, or of Bakers dwelling there, and baking bread to serue the Market in Bredstréete, where the bread was solde, I knowe not: but sure I am, I haue not reade yet of a∣ny Basing, or of Gerrarde the Gyant, to haue any thing there to doo.

On the South side of this Lane, is one great house, of old time builded vpon Arched Uaultes, of stone, and with Arched Gates, now a common Ostrey for receit of Trauellers, commonly and corruptly called Gerardes Hall, of a Gyaunt saide to haue dwel∣led there.* 1.1050 In the high Rooffed Hall of this house, sometime stood a large Firre Pole, which reached to the roofe therof, and was said to be one of the staues that Gerarde the Gyant vsed in the warres, to runne withall. There stoode also a Ladder of the same length, which (as they say) serued to ascende to the toppe of the Staffe. Of later yeares this Hall is altered in building, and diuers roomes are made in it. Notwithstanding the Pole is remoued to one cor∣ner of the Hall, and the Ladder hanged broken vp on a Wall in the yarde. The Hostelar of that house saide to me, the Pole lacked halfe a foote of fortie in length: I measured the compasse,

and founde it to bee fiftéene inches. Reason of the Pole, coulde the maister of the Hostrey giue me none, but badde me reade the great Chronicles, for there he had heard of it. Which aun∣swere séemed to me insufficient, for hée meant the description of Brittaine, before Reinwoolfes Chronicle, wherein the Authour writing a Chapter of Gyaunts, and hauing béene deceiued by some Authours, too much crediting their smoothe spéeche, hath set downe more matter then troth, as partly (and also against my will) I am enforced to touch. R. G.* 1.1051 in this briefe collection of Histories hath these wordes. I the writer hereof, did sée the tenth day of March, in the yeare of our Lord 1564. and had the same in my hande, the Toothe of a man, which waighed tenne Ounces of Troy waight. And the skull of the same man is extant and to be seene, which will holde fiue Peckes of wheate. And the shinne bone of the same man is sixe foote in length, and of a maruellous greatnesse. Thus farre of R. G. Wherevn∣to is added in the saide discription, that by coniecturall simetrie of those partes, the bodie to be twentie eight foote long or more. From this hee goeth to an other matter, and so to Gerard the Gyant and his staffe. But to leaue these fictions and to return where I left, I will note what my selfe haue obserued concerning that house.

I reade, that Iohn Gisors* 1.1052 Mayor of London, in the yeare 1245. was owner thereof, and that Sir Iohn Gisors Knight Mayor of London, and Constable of the Tower, one thousand thrée hundreth and eleuen. And diuers others of that name and family since that time owed it. For I reade that William Gi∣sors was one of the Sheriffes, one thousand thrée hundreth twen∣tie nine. More, that Iohn Gisors had issue, Henry and Iohn. Which Iohn had issue, Thomas. Which Thomas deceasing in the yeare one thousand thrée hundreth and fiftie, left vnto his sonne Thomas, his Messuage called Gysors Hall, in the Parish of Saint Mildred in Bredstréete: Iohn Gisors made a Feofment thereof, one thousand thrée hundreth eightie sixe, &c.* 1.1053 So that it appea∣reth that this Gisors Hall of late time by corruption hath bin called Gerards Hall, for Gisors Hall, as Bosomes Inne for Blossoms In.

Beuis Markes, for Buries Marke. Marke Lane, for Marte Lane: Belliter Lane, for Belsetters Lane: Gutter Lane, for Guthuruns Lane: Cry church, for Christes church: S. Mihell in the Querne, for Saint Mihell at Corne, and sundrie such others. Out of this Gisors Hall, at the first building thereof, were made diuers Arched doores, yet to be séene, which séeme not sufficient for any great monsture, or other then men of common stature to passe through, the Pole in the Hall might be vsed of olde time (as then the custome was in euery parish) to be set vp in the streete, in the Summer as a Maypole, before the principall Hall, or house in the parish, or streete, and to stand in the Hall before the scrine, decked with Holme & Iuie, all the feast of Christmas.* 1.1054 The lader serued for decking of the May∣pole, & Roofe of the Hall. Thus much for Gisors Hal & for y^e side of Bredstreet, may suffice. Now on y^e West side of Bredstréet, amongst diuers fayre and large houses for merchants, and faire Innes for passengers, had yee one prison house pertaining to the Sheriffes of London, called the compter in Bredstréete: but in the yeare 1555 the prisones were remooued from thence, to one other new Compter* 1.1055 in Woodstréete, prouided by the cities purchase, and builded for that purpose: the cause of which remooue was this. Richard Husband Pastelar, kéeper of this Coumpter in Bredstréet, being a wilful and headstrong man, dealt for his owne aduantage, hardly with the pri∣soners* 1.1056 vnder his charge, hauing also sernants such as himselfe liked best for their bad vsage, and woulde not for any complaint bee refor∣med: wherèupon in the yeare 1550. Sir Rowland Hill beeing Mayor, by the assent of a court of Aldermen, he was sent to the gayle of Newgate, for the cruell handling of his prisoners: and it was cō∣maunded to the kéeper of set those irons on his legges, which are called the widows almes: These he ware from Thursday, till Sun∣day in the afternoone, and being by a court of Aldermen released, on the Tuesday, was bound in an hundred markes, to obserue from thenceforth an act made by the common councell, for the ordering of prisoners in the Compters: all which notwithstanding, hee continued as afore: whereof my selfe am partly a witnesse: for be∣ing of a Iurie to enquire against a Sessions of Gayle deliuerie, in the yeare one thousand fiue hundred fiftie two, wee found the pri∣soners hardly dealt withall, for theyr achates and otherwise,* 1.1057 and

that théeues and strumpets were there lodged for foure pence the night, whereby they might be safe from searches that were made a∣broad:* 1.1058 for the which enormities, and other not néedfull to bee reci∣ted, he was indighted at that Session, but did rubbe it out, and could not be reformed, til this remoue of y^e prisoners for the house in Bred∣streete was his owne by Lease, or otherwise, so that he could not bee put from it. Such Gaylors buying their offices, will deale hardly with pittifull prisoners. Now in Fryday stréete,* 1.1059 so called of Fish∣moongers dwelling there, and seruing frydayes market, on the East side, is a small parish church, commonly called S. Iohn Euangelist,* 1.1060 the monuments therein, be of Iohn Dogget Marchantaylor, one of the Sheriffes, in the yeare 1509. Sir Christoper Askew Draper, Mayor, 1533. Then lower downe, is one other parish church of S. Margaret Moyses,* 1.1061 so called (as séemeth) of one Moyses, that was founder, or new builder thereof. The monuments there, bee of sir Richard Dobbet Skinner, Mayor, 1551. William Dane Iron∣moonger, one of the Sheriffes, 1569. Sir Iohn Allet Fishmoonger, Mayor 1591.

On the West side of this Fryday stréete, is Mayden Lane,* 1.1062 so named of such a signe, or Distaffe Lane, for Distar Lane, as I reade in record of a Brew-house, called the Lambe in Distar Lane, the sixtéenth of Henry the sixt. In this Distar Lane, on the North side thereof, is the Cord-wayners,* 1.1063 or Shoomakers Hall, which com∣pany were made a brotherhood or fraternitie, in the eleuenth of Hen∣ry the fourth. On the South side of this Distar Lane, is also one o∣ther Lane, called Distar Lane: which runneth downe to Knightri∣ders stréete, or olde Fishstréete, and this is the ende of Bredstréete Warde: which hath an Alderman, his Deputie, Common Councell tenne. Constables ten. Skauengers eight. Wardmote Inquest thir∣téene, and a Beadle. In standeth taxed to the fiftéene in London, at thirtie seuen pound, and in the Exchequer at thirtie sixe pound tenne shillings.

Queene Hithe Warde.

NExt vnto Bredstréet Warde, on the South side therof, is Quéen Hithe Ward,* 1.1064 so called of a wa∣ter gate, or harborow for Boates, Lighters and Barges, and was of olde time for shippes, at what time, the timber bridge of London was drawne vp, for the passage of them to the saide Hithe, as to a principall strand for landing and vnlading against the middest and hart of the Citie. This Warde beginneth in the East, in Knightriders stréete,* 1.1065 on the South side thereof, at the East ende of the Parish church cal∣led the holy Trinitie, and runneth West on the South side to a lane called Lambert hill, which is the length of the Warde in Knightri∣ders stréete, out of the which stréet are diuers Lanes, running South to Thames stréete, and are of this Warde: the first is Trinitie Lane,* 1.1066 which runneth downe by the West end of Trinitie Church. Then is Spuren Lane,* 1.1067 or Sporners Lane, now called Huggen Lane. Then Bredstréet hill. Then S. Mary Mounthaunt: out of the which Lane, on the East side thereof, is one other Lane, turning East, through S. Nicholas Olaues Church yard, to Bredstréete hill. This Lane is called Finimore Lane or fiue foote Lane, because it is but fiue foote in breadth at the West ende:* 1.1068 In the middest of this lane, runneth downe one other lane broader, South to Thames stréete, I thinke the same to be called Desboorne Lane,* 1.1069 for I reade, of such a Lane to haue bin in the parish of Mary Summerset, in the two and twentieth yeare of Edward the 3. where there is saide to lye betwéene the Tenement of Edward de Mountaoute Knight, on the East part, and the tenement sometime pertaining to William Gladwine on the West, one plot of ground, containing in length to∣wards Thames stréete 25. foote &c.

Last of all, haue you Lambart hill* 1.1070 Lane, so called of one Lambart an owner thereof: and this is the furthest West part of this Warde. On the North side comming downe from Knightriders stréete, the

East side of Lambards hill, is wholely of this Warde: and the west side, from the North end of the Black-smithes Hall (which is about the middest of this Lane) vnto Thames Stréete. Then part of Thames stréete, is also of this Warde, to wit, from a Cookes house called the signe of King Dauid, thrée houses West, from the olde Swan Brewhouse in the East, vnto Huntington house, ouer a∣gainst Saint Peters Church in the West, neare vnto Powles Wharffe. And on the land side from a Cookes house called the blew Boore, to the West ende of Saint Peters Church, and vp Saint Peters Hill, two houses North aboue the saide Church. And these bee the boundes of this Warde: in which, are Parish Churches seuen, Halles of Companies two, and other Orna∣ments, as shall he shewed.

First, in Knightriders stréete, is the small Parish Church of the holy Trinitie,* 1.1071 very olde and in daunger of downe falling: col∣lections haue béene made for the repairing thereof, but they will not stretch to farre, and therefore it leaneth vpon proppes or stilts. Monuments are therein none. Towards the West ende of Knightriders stréete, is the Parish Church of S. Nicholas Colde Abbey, a comely Church,* 1.1072 somewhat auncient, as appeareth by the wayes raised thereabout: it hath béene called of many, Golden Abbey, of some Colde Abbey, and so hath the most auncien∣test writing: but I could neuer learne the cause why it should bee so called, and therefore I will let it passe. There bee monuments in this Church, of Andrew Awbery Grocer, Mayor, and Thomas Fryar Fishmoonger, in the yeare 1351. who gaue to this Church and parish one plot of ground, containing fiftie six foote in length, and fortie thrée foote in breadth, at both endes to be a buriall place for the dead of the said Parish, the twentie sixt of Edward the third. Also Thomas Madefrey Clarke, and Iohn Pylot, gaue to the Wardens of that Parish, one shop, and a house in Distar lane, for the continu∣al repairing of the bodie of that church, the belles and Ornaments the twentieth of Richard the 2. buried there Iohn Calfe, & William Cogeshall, Walter Turke Fishmoonger Mayor, 1349. Richard Esgastone Fishmoonger, 1400. Richard Walberge Fishmoonger, 1407. Thomas Padington Fishmoonger, 1485. Robert Hary Fishmoonger, and others.

On the North side of this church in the Wall thereof, was of late builded a conuenient Eistern of stone and lead, for receit of Thames water,* 1.1073 conueyed in pipes of leade to that place, for the ease and com∣moditie of the Fishmoongers, and other inhabitants, in and about olde Fishstréete. Barnard Randolphe common Seriant of the cittie of London, did in his life time deliuer to the company of Fishmoon∣gers, the sum of nine hundred, pound, to bee imployed towards the conducting of the said Thames water, and sisterning the same, &c. In the parishes of S. Mary Magdalen, and S. Nicholas Colde Ab∣bay neare vnto Fishstréete, seuen hundred pound, and other two hundred pound to charitable déedes: he deceased, 1583. and shortly after, this conduit with the other, was made and finished.

In Trinitie Lane, on the west side thereof, is the Painter stay∣ners Hall,* 1.1074 for so of olde time were they called, but now that worke∣manship of stayning is departed out of vse in England Lower down in Trinitie Lane on the East side thereof, was sometime a great Messuage pertaining vnto Iohn Earle of Cornwell,* 1.1075 in the foure∣teenth of Edward the third. On Bredstréet hill down to the Thames on both sides, bee diuers faire houses, inhabited by Fishmoongers, Chéesemoongers, and Marchants of diuers trades. On the West side whereof, is the parish church of S. Nicholas Oliue, a conueni∣ent church, hauing the monumēts of William Newport Fishmoon∣ger, one of the Sheriffes 1375. Richard Willowes Parson 1391. Richard Sturges Fishmoonger 1470. Thomas Lewen Ironmoon∣ger, one of the Sheriffes 1537. who gaue his messuage with y^t purte∣nances, wherein he dwelt, with fourtéene Tenements in the saide Parish of S. Nicholas,* 1.1076 to be had after the decease of Agnes his wife, to the Ironmoongers, and they to giue stipends appointed to Almes men, in fiue houses by them builded in the church yard of that parish: more to poore schollers in Oxford and Camebridge, &c. Blitheman, an excellent Orgainest of the Quéenes Chapell, lyeth buried there with an Epitaphe, 1591, &c. The next is olde Fishstréet hill,* 1.1077 a Lane so called, which also runneth downe to Thames stréete. In this lane on the East side thereof, is y^e one end of Finimore on Fiue foote lane. On the West side of this old Fishstréete hill, is the Bishop of Here∣fordes Inne or lodging:* 1.1078 an auncient house, and large roomes builded of stone and timber, which sometime belonged to the Mounthaunts

in Norfolke. Radulphus de Maydenstone, Bishop of Hereford, about 1234. bought it of the Mounthaunts, and gaue it to the Bishoppes of Hereforde, his successors. Charles both Chan∣cellour of the Marches, Bishoppe of Hereforde, about the yeare 1517. repaired it, since the which time, the same is greatly rui∣nated, and is now diuided into many small tenements: the Hall and principall roomethes, are an house to make Suger loues, &c. Next adioyning, is the parish Church of S. Mary de Mounte Alto, or Mounthaunte, this is a very small church,* 1.1079 and at the first builded to be a chapple for the saide house of the Mounthaunts, and for Te∣nements thereunto belonging. The Bishop of Hereford is Patron thereof. Monuments in this church of Iohn Glocester Alder∣man, 1345. who gaue Salt Wharfe for two Chanteries there. There was sometime a faire house in the said parish of Saint Mary Mounthaunte, belonging to Robert Belkenape,* 1.1080 one of the Kings Iustices, but the said Belknape being banished this realme, King Richard the second, in the 12. of his raigne, gaue it to Wil∣liam Wickham bishop of Winchester.

On the East side of this Olde Fishstréete Hill, is one great house now letten out for rent, which house sometime was one of the Halles pertaining to the Company of Fishmongers,* 1.1081 at such time as they had six Hallmotes or méeting places: namely, twaine in Bridge stréete, or new Fish stréet, twaine in old Fish stréet, wher∣of this was one: and twain in Stockfishmonger Row,* 1.1082 or Thames stréete, as appeareth by a Record the 22. of Richard the 2.

Next Westward, is one other Lane called Lambard Hill,* 1.1083 the East side whereof, is wholly of this Warde, and but halfe the west side: to wit, from the North end of the blacke Smithes* 1.1084 Hall. Then in Thames stréete of this Warde, on the North side ouer against the Quéenes Hithe, is the Parrish church of S. Michaell,* 1.1085 a con∣uenient church, but all the Monuments therein are defaced.

I finde that Stphen Spilman, Gentleman of that Family in Norfolke, sometime Mearcer, Chamberlaine of London, then one of the Sheriffes and Alderman, in the yeare 1404. decea∣sing without issue, gaue his landes to his Family the Spilmans•• and his goods to the making or repairing of Bridges and other like godly vses: And amongst others to this church, and was bu∣ried in the Quire.

Also Richard Marlowe Ironmoonger Mayor, 1409. gaue 20 pound to the poore of that Warde, and ten Markes to the church. Richard Gray Ironmoonger Alderman, one of the Sheriffes 1515 gaue fortie pound to that church, and was buried there. At the west ende of that church goeth vp a lane, called Pyellane.* 1.1086 On the same North side, at the South ende of Saint Mary Mounthaunt Lane, is the parish church of Saint Mary Summerset,* 1.1087 ouer against the broken Wharffe: it is a proper church, but the Monuments are all defaced. I thinke the same to bee of olde time called Summers Hithe,* 1.1088 of some mans name that was owner of the ground neare adioyning, as Edreds Hithe was, so called of Edred owner thereof, and Sythence called Quéene Hithe, as pertaining to the Quéene, &c.

Then is a small Parish church of S. Peter,* 1.1089 called Parua or Little, vpon the Thames, neare vnto Powles wharffe: In this church no Monuments do remaine. At the UUest ende thereof, is a Lane called Saint Peters hill, but two houses vp that lane, on the East side, is of this UUarde, and the rest is of Castle Baynarde UUarde.

On the South side of Thames stréete, beginning againe in the East, among the Cookes: The first in this Warde, is the signe of Dauid the King: then is Townes end lane,* 1.1090 turning downe to the Thames. Then is Quéene Hithe, a large receptackle for ships, lighters, barges, and such other vesselles.

Touching the Antiquitie and vse of this gate and Hithe, first I finde, that of olde time the same belonged to one named Edred, and was then called Edreds Hithe,* 1.1091 which since falling to the hands of King Stephen, it was by his Charter confirmed to William Dey∣pre: the firme whereof in Fée and in heritage, William Deypre gaue it vnto the Prior and Couent of the holy Trinitie within Ald∣gate, as appeareth by this Charter. To Theobald by the grace of God Archbishop of Canterburie, Primate of England, and Legata Apostolike, to the Bishop of London, and to all faithfull people, Clarkes, and laye men, William Deypre sendeth gréeting.

Know ye me to haue giuen and graunted to God, and to the Church of the Holy Trinitie of London, to the Pryor and Cannons

there seruing God, in perpetuall almes, Edreds Hithe with the ap∣purtenances, with such deuotion, that they shall send euery yeare twentie pound vnto the maintenance of the Hospital of S. Kathrens, which Hospitall they haue in their hands, and 100. shillings to the Monkes of Berdmondsey, and 60. shillings, to the brethren of the Hospitall of Sain Gyles, and that which remaineth, the said Prior and Cannons shall enioy to themselues: witnesses, Richard de Lu∣cia, Raphe Picot, &c.

This Edreds Hithe after the aforesaid grants, came againe to the Kings hands, by what meanes I haue not read, but it pertai∣ned vnto the Quéene, and therefore was called Ripa Reginae, the Quéenes Banque, or Quéenes Hithe, and great profit thereof was made to her vse, as may appeare by this which followeth.* 1.1092

King Henry the third, in the ninth of his Raigne, commanded the Constables of the Tower of London, to arrest the shippes of the Cinque Ports on the riuer of Thames, and to compell them to bring their corne to no other place but to the Quéenes Hithe onely.* 1.1093

In the eleuenth of his raigne, hee charged the saide Consta∣ble to destraine any fishe offered to be solde in any place of this cittie, but at the Quéene Hithe. Moreouer, in twentie eight of the said Kings raigne, an inquisition was made before William of Yorke, Prouost of Beuerley, Henry of Bathe, and Hierome of Caxton, Iustices Itenerants, sitting in the Tower of London, touching the customes of Quéene Hithe, obserued in the yeare last, before the warres, betwéene the King his father, and the Barons of England, and of olde customes of other times, and what customes had béene chaunged, at what time to Taxe and payment of all things com∣ming thither, and betwéene woorepathe, and Anede Hithe, were found and ceased according to the olde order, as well corne and fishe as of other things: all which customes were as well to bee obser∣ued in the parte of Dounegate as in Quéene Hithe, for the Kings vse. When also it was found, that the corne arriuing betwéene the gate of Guild Hall of the Merchants of Colleyne, and the Soke of the Archbishop of Canterburye (for he had a house neare vnto the Black Fryers) was not to be measured by any other quarter, then be that of the Quéenes soke.* 1.1094

After this, the Bayliffes of the saide Hithe complained, that since the saide Recognision, fourtéene forraine shippes laden with Fish, arriued at Bilnings Gate, which shippes should haue arriued at the saide Hithe: And therefore it was ordered, that if any forraine shippe laden with Fish, should in forme aforesaid, arriue elsewhere then at this Hithe, it should bee at the Kings pleasure to amerce them at 40. shillings. Notwithstanding, the shippes of the citizens of London were at libertie to arriue where the owners would ap∣point them.

After this, the saide Henry the third, confirmed the graunt of Richard Earle of Cornwell, for the Farme of the Quéene Hithe,* 1.1095 vnto Iohn Gisors then Mayor, and to the Communaltie of Lon∣don, and their successors for euer, as by this his Charter appeareth: Henry by the grace of God, King of England, lord of Ireland, Duke of Gwine, and Earle of Aniowe, to all Archbishops, &c. Be it knowne, that we haue séene the couenant betwéene our brother Richard Earle of Cornwell, of the one partie, and the Maior and Communaltie of London on the other partie, which was in this sort.* 1.1096 In the 30. yeare of H. the sonne of King Iohn, vpon the feast of the translation of Saint Edward at Westminster, this couenant was made betwéene the honourable lord Richard Earle of Corn∣well, and Iohn Gisors then Mayor of London, and the Commons thereof, concerning certaine exactions and demaunds pertaining to the Quéene Hithe of London. The saide Earle graunted for himselfe and his heires, that the said Mayor, and all Mayors insu∣ing, and all the Commons of the citie, should haue and holde the Quéene Hithe, with all the liberties, customes, and other appurte∣nances, repaying yearly to the said Earle, his heires and assignes, 50.li. at Clarken well, at two seuerall termes: to wit, the Sunday after Easter 25. pound. And at Michaelmas 25. pound. And for more sureti•• hereof, the saide Earle hath set therevnto his seale, and left it with the Mayor. And the Mayor and Com∣munaltie haue set to their seale and left it with the Earle. Where∣fore we confirme and establish the said couenant, for vs, and for our heires. Witnesses, Raphe Fitx Nicholl, Richard Gray, Iohn and Williā Brithem, Pawlin Payner, Raphe Wancia, Ioh. Gum∣band and other: at Winsor the 26. of Febr. the 31. of our raigne.

The charge of this Quéene Hithe was then committed to the She∣riffes, and so hath continued euer since, the profits whereof are sore diminished, so that (as writeth Robert Fabian)* 1.1097 it was woorth in his time litle aboue 20. Markes, or 15. pounde, one yeare with an other. Now for customes of this Quéene Hithe,* 1.1098 in the yeare 1302.* 1.1099 the 30. of Ed. the 1. it was found by the oath of diuers men, that Ba∣kers, Brewers, and others buying their corne at Quéene Hithe, should pay for measuring, portage, and carriage for euery quarter of corne whatsoeuer, from thence to West Cheape, to S. Anthonins Church, to Horshewe Bridge, and to Woolsey stréete in the Parish of Alhallowes the lesse, and such like distances, one ob. q. to Fléete Bridge, to Newgate, Criplegate, to Bercheouars Lane, to East-Cheape and Billings Gate, one penny. Also that the measurer (or the meater) ought to haue 8.* 1.1100 chiefe Maister Porters, euery Maister to haue 3. Porters vnder him, and euery one of them to finde one horse, and seuen sackes, and he that so did not, to loose his Of∣fice. This Hithe was then so frequented with Uessels, bringing thi∣ther corne (besides fish, salt, fewell, and other marchandizes) that all these men, to wit, the Meater, and Porters, 37. in number, for all their charge of horses and sackes, and small stipend, liued well of their labours: but now that case is altered: the Bakers of Lon∣don and others Citizens, trauell into the Countries, and buye their Corne of the Farmars, after the Farmars price.

King Edward the second in the first of his raigne, gaue to Margaret, wife to Peter de Gauestone, fortie thrée pound, twelue shillings nine pence ob. q.* 1.1101 out of the rent in London, to be receiued of the Quéenes Hithe. Certaine Inpositions were set vpon ships and other vesselles, comming thither, as vppon Corne, Salt, and other things, towarde the charge of clensing Roomeland* 1.1102 there, the 41. of Edward the 3.

The third of Edward the fourth, the Market at Quéene Hithe being hindred by the slacknesse of drawing vp London Bridge, it was ordeined, that all maner of Uesselles, Shippes, or Boats, great or small, resorting to the Citie with victuall, should be sold by re∣taile, and that if there came but one Uessell at a time, were it salt, wheate, Kye, or other Corne from beyonde the Seas, or other graines, Garlicke, Onyons, Hearings, Sprattes, Eles, Why∣ting,

Place, Cods, Mackarell, &c. then that one Uessell should come to Quéene Hithe,* 1.1103 and there to make sale: but if two Uessailes came, the one should come to Quéene Hithe, the other to Billings gate: if thrée, two of them should come to Quéene Hithe, the third to Billings gate, &c. alwayes the more to Quéene Hithe: if the Uessell being great, comming with sault from the Baye, and could not come to these keyes, then the same to be conueyed by Lighters, as afore is ment.

One large house for stowage of Corne (framed out of Lighters and Barges) is there lately builed. Sir Iohn Lion Grocer May∣or, 1554. by his Testament, gaue one hundred pound towards it, but since increased and made larger at charges of the Citie, in the yeare, 1565.* 1.1104

Next adioyning to this Quéene Hithe, on the West side thereof, is Sault Wharffe, named of Sault taken vp, measured and solde there. The next is Stewe lane, of a Stewe, or hotte house there kept. After that, is Timber Hithe, or Timber stréete, so called of Timber and Boordes there taken vp and Wharffed, it is in the Parish of Saint Mary Somershithe, as I reade in the fiftie sixt of Henry the third, and in the ninth of Edward the second. Then is Brookes wharffe,* 1.1105 & broken wharfe, a water gate (or Keye) so called, of béeing broken and fallen downe into the Thames. By this Bro∣ken Wharffe,* 1.1106 remaineth one large olde building of stone, with Arched gates, which Messuage as I finde in the raigne of Henry the third, the fortie thrée yeare, pertaining vnto Hugh de Bygot, and in the eleuenth of Edward the second, to Thomas Earle of Norffolke, Marshall of Ireland: In the eleuenth of Henry the sixt, to Iohn Newbery Duke of Norffolke, &c.

Within the gate of this house, (now belonging to the cittie of London) is lately, to wit, in the yeare, 1594. and 1595. builded one large house, of great heigth, called an engine, made by Beuis Bulmar gentleman, for the conueying and forcing of Thames wa∣ter* 1.1107 to serue in the middle and West parts of the Citie. The aun∣cient great Hall of this Messuage, is yet standing, and pertaining to a great Brew-house for Béere. West from this, is Trigge lane,* 1.1108 going downe to the Thames, Next is called Bosse lane,* 1.1109 of a Bosse of water, like vnto that of Billings gate, there placed by the execu∣tors

of Richard Wittington. Then is one great messuage some∣time belonging to the Abbots of Chartsey in Surrey, and was theyr Inne, wherein they were lodged, when they repayred to the Citie: it is now called Sandy house, by what reason I haue not heard: I thinke the Lord Sands haue béene lodged there. And this is an end of this Quéene Hithe Warde: which hath an Alderman and his Deputie. Common Councell sixe. Constables nine. Skauengers eight. Wardmete Inquest thirtéene, and a Beadle. It is taxed to the Fiftéene in London twentie pound, and in the Exchequer at twentie pound.

Castle Baynard Warde.

THe next is Castle Baynard Warde,* 1.1110 so named of an olde Castle there, this Ward beginneth in the East, on the Thames side, at an house called Huntington house, and runneth West by Powles Wharffe, by Baynards Castle, Puddle Wharffe, and by the South side of Blacke Frers. Then turning by the East Wall of the sayde Fryers, to the South∣west ende of Creede Lane. Then on the North side of Thames stréete, ouer against Huntington house, by Saint Peters Church and lane, called Peter hill, along till ouer against Puddle Wharffe: and then North vp by the great Wardrobe, to the west ende of Carter lane. Then vp Creede lane, Auemary lane, and a péece of Pater Noster Rowe, to the signe of the Golden lyon, and backe againe, vp Warwicke lane, all the East side thereof, to the signe of the Crowne by Newgate Market: and this is the farthest North part of this Warde.

Then out of Thames stréete be lanes assending North to Knightriders stréete: the first, is Peter hill lane, all of that Ward, (two houses excepted, adioyning to Saint Peters church.) The next is Powles Wharffe hill, which thwarting Knightriders stréet, and Carter lane, goeth vp to the South Chaine of Powles church yard.

Then is Adlestréete,* 1.1111 ouer against the West part of Baynards Castle, going vp by the West ende of Knightrydars stréete, and to Carter Lane. Thus much for Lanes out of Thames stréete. The one halfe of the West side of Lambard Hill Lane being of this Warde, at the Northwest ende thereof, on the South side, and at the West ende of Saint Mary Maudlins Church on the North∣side, beginneth Knightridars stréete to be of this Warde, and run∣neth West on both sides to the Parish Church of Saint Andrew by the Wardrobe.

Then at the said East end of S. Magdalens Church, goeth vp the Old Exchange, all the west side whereof, vp to the southeast gate of Powles church yard, and by S. Austins church, is of this Ward. About the midst of this Olde Exchaunge, on the West side thereof, is Carter Lane, which runneth West to the East entry of the Black Friars, and the south ende of Creede Lane, out of the which Car∣ter Lane, descendeth a Lane called Doo little Lane,* 1.1112 and commeth into Knightrider stréete, by the Boores head Tauerne: and more West, is Sermon Lane, by an Inne called the Powle head. Then out of Carter Lane, on the North side thereof, the South Chaine of Powles church yarde, and the church yarde it selfe on that south side of Powles church, the church of Saint Gregory, the Bi∣Poppes Pallace, and the Deanes lodging, be all of this Ward: and such be the boundes thereof. The Ornaments in this Ward, be Parish churches 4. Of olde time a castle: Diuers Noblemens houses. Halles of Companies twaine. And such others, as shall be shewed.

In Thames stréete, at the Southeast end, is an auncient mes∣suage, of olde time called Bewmounts Inne,* 1.1113 as belonging to that family of Noblemen of this realme, in the 4. of Edward the 3. Ed∣ward the 4. in the 5. of his raigne, gaue it to William Hastings, Lord Chamberlaine, Maister of his Mints. It is now called Hun∣tington House, as belonging to the Earles of Huntington. Next is Powles Wharfe,* 1.1114 a large landing place, with a common staire vpon the Riuer of Thames, at the end of a stréete called Powles Wharfe Hill, which runneth downe from Powles chaine. Next is a great Messuage called Scrupes Inne,* 1.1115 sometime belonging to the Scrupes, in the 31. of Henry the 6.

Then is one other great Messuage sometime belonging to the Abbey of Fiscampe, beyond the Sea, and by reason of the warres, it comming to the handes of King Edward the 3. the same was giuen to Syr Symon Burley, Knight of the Garter, and there∣fore called Burley House* 1.1116 in Thames streete, betweene Baynards Castle and Powles Wharfe.

Then haue you Baynards Castle,* 1.1117 whereof this whole Ward taketh the name. This Castle Banquethe on the Riuer Thames, and was called Bainards castle, of Baynard, a noble man that came in with William the Conquerour, of the which Castle, and of Baynard himselfe, I haue spoken in an other place. There was also a Messuage by Baynardes Castle, called Legates Inne,* 1.1118 in the 7. of Edward the fourth, where be now diuers Wood Wharfes. Then is there a great Brewhouse, and Puddle Wharfe,* 1.1119 a water gate into the Thames, where horses vse to be watered, and therfore being filed with their trampeling, and made puddle like, it is (as I suppose) called Puddle Wharfe. Then is there a Lane, betwéene the Blacke Friars and the Thames, called in the 26. of Ed. the 3. Castle Lane. In this Lane also, is one great Messuage, of olde time belonging to the Priorie of Okeborne in Wilshire, and was the Priors lodging when he repaired to London.* 1.1120 This Priory being of the French order, was suppressed by H. the 5. and with other lands and Tenements pertaining to the said Priory, was by H. the 6. gi∣uen to his Colledge in Cambridge, called now the kings Colledge. About this Castle Lane, was sometime a Mill, or Mils, belonging to the Templars of the New Temple, as appeareth of Record: for King Iohn in the first yeare of his raigne, graunted a place on the Fléete, neare vnto Baynards Castle, to make a Mill, and the whole course of water of the Fléete, to serue the said Mill.* 1.1121

I read also that in the yeare 1274. the 2. of E. the I. Ri. Rayson and Atheline his wife, did giue to Nicholas de Musely Clark, ten shillings of yearly frée and quiet rent, out of all his Tenements, with the houses therupon built, and their appurtenances, which they had of the demise of the M. and brethren of Knights Templars in Eng∣land, next to their Mill of Fléete, ouer against the houses to Laurence de Brooke, in the parish of S. Andrew, next to Baynard Castle:* 1.1122 which Tenements lyeth betwéene the way, leading towards y^e said

Mill on the West part. Also in the rights belonging to Robert Fitz Water and to his heires, in the Citie of London, in the time of peace, it was declared in the yeare 1303. that the saide Robert Castillon of London, and Banner bearer, had a soke (or Warde) in the Cittie, that was by the wall of Saint Paule, as men goe downe the stréete before the Brewhouse of Saint Paule vnto the Thames, and so to the side of the Mill, which is in the water that commeth downe from Fléete Bridge, and goeth so by London walles, betwixt the Fryars Preachers Church, and Ludgate, and so runneth backe by the house of the saide Fryars, vnto the saide Common wall of the Chanory of Saint Paule: that is all of the Parish of Saint Andrew, which is in the gift of his Aun∣cestors by senioritie, as more I haue shewed in the Castles.

Now here is to be noted, that the walles of London at that time went straight South from Ludgate, downe to the Riuer of Thames, but for building of the Blacke-Fryars church, the saide wall in that place, was by commandement taken downe, and a new wall was then made, straight West from Ludgate to Fléete bridge, and then by the water of Fléete, to the Riuer of Tha∣mes, &c.

In the yeare 1307. the 35. of Edward the first, in a Parliament at Carlile, Henry Lacie Earle of Lincolne, complained of Noyan∣ces done to the water of the Fléete: Wherupon it was granted, that the said Mill should be remoued and destroyed.* 1.1123 This Warde ascen∣deth vp by the East wall of the blacke-Fryars, to the South West ende of Creede Lane, where it endeth on that side. Then to begin again on y^e North side of Thames stréete ouer against Huntington house by Saint Peters Church and Lane, called Peter Hill, and so to S. Benet, Hude (or Hithe) ouer against Paules Wharfe, a pro∣per parish Church,* 1.1124 which hath the Monuments of Sir W. Cheiny knight, and Margaret his wife, 1442. buried there. West from this church, by the southend of Adlestréet, almost against Pudle wharfe, there is one auncient building of stone & timber, builded by the lords of Barkley, and therfore called Barklies Inne.* 1.1125 This house is now all in ruine, and letten out in seuerall Tenements, yet the armes of the Lord Barkley remaine in the stone worke of an arched gate, and is betwéene a Cheuron crosses, 10. thrée, thrée, and foure.

Richard Beauchampe Earle of Warwicke, was lodged in this house, then called Barklies Inne, in the Parish of Saint Andrew, in the raigne of Henry the 6. Then turning vp towards the North, is the parish church of S. Andrew in y^e Wardrobe, a proper church,* 1.1126 but fewe Monuments hath it. Then is the kings great Wardrobe, I haue not read by whom the same was builded, neither when, or for what cause, but only that Sir Iohn Beauchampe, knight of y^e Gar∣ter, Constable of Douer, Warden of the Sinke Ports (son to Gwi∣do de Beauchampe, Earle of Warwicke) was lodged there: this house then bearing the name of the Kings Wardrobe, in the 5. of E. the 3. The saide Iohn Beauchampe deceased in the yeare 1359. and was buried on the South side of the middle Ile of Powles church.

In this house of late yeares, is lodged Sir Iohn Fortescue, knight, Maister of the Wardrobe, Chancellor and vnder Treasu∣rer of the Exchequer, and one of her Maiesties Priuy Councel. The secret letters & writings touching the estate of the realme, were wont to be introlled in the kings Wardrobe, and not in the Chauncery, as appeareth by the Records. Claus. 18. E. 4 I. Mendo, 13. Claus. 33. E. I. Memb. 3. Et liberat. I. E. 2. Memb. 4. &c. From this Ward∣roabe by the West end of Carter Lane, then vp Creede Lane, Aue Mary Lane, a péece of Pater Noster Rowe, vp Warwicke Lane, all the East side, to a Brewhouse called y^e Crown, as I said is of this ward. Touching Lanes ascending out of Thames stréet, to Knight∣rydars stréete, the first is, Peters Hill,* 1.1127 wherein I finde no matter of note, more then certaine Almes houses,* 1.1128 lately founded on the West side thereof, by Dauid Smith Imbroderer, for 6. poore widows, wher∣of each to haue 20. s. by the yeare.

At the vpper ende of this Lane towards the North, the corner houses there, be called Peters Key,* 1.1129 but the reason thereof I haue not heard. Then is Powles Wharfe Hill,* 1.1130 on the East side where∣of is Woodmongers Hall.* 1.1131 And next adioyning, Garter House, so called of the Office there kept by Garter King of Heraults, and other Heraults. This house was sometime belonging to the Stan∣leys, for Thomas Stanley first Earle of Darby of that name, who married the Lady Margaret, Countesse of Richmond, mother to Henry the seuenth, in his time builded it.

Quéene Mary gaue to Gilbert Dethike, then Garter principall King of armes of English men, Thomas Hawley Clarentioules King of armes of the South parts, William Haruy Alias Norey, King of armes of the North parts, and the other Heraults and Pur∣seuants of armes, and to their successors, all the same Capitall mes∣suage, or house called Darby house, with the appurtenances, scituate in the Parish of Saint Benet and Saint Peter, then being in the tenure of Sir Richard Sackuile Knight, and lately parcell of the lands of Edward Earle of Darbie, &c. To the ende that the sayde Kings of Armes, Heraults and Purseuants of Armes, and their successors, might at their liking dwell togither, and at méete times, to congregate, speake, conferre, and agrée a∣mong themselues, for the good gouernment of their facultie, and their records might be more safely kept, &c. Dated the eightéenth of Iuly, 1555. Philip and Mary the first and third yeare. Then higher vp, neare the South chayne of Powles church yarde, is the Powle head Tauerne, which house with the appurtenances, was of olde time called Powles Brewhouse,* 1.1132 for that the same was so imployed, but being since left off, and letten out.

On the West side of this stréete, is one other great house buil∣ded of stone, which belongeth to Powles church, and was sometime letten to the Blunts Lords Mountioy, but of later time to a Col∣ledge in Cambridge, and from them to the Doctors of the Ciuill Law and Arches, who kept a commons there, and many of them be∣ing there lodged, it is called the Doctors Commons.* 1.1133 Aboue this on the same side, was one other great building, ouer against Powles Brewhouse, and this was called Powles Bakehouse,* 1.1134 and was imploied in baking of bread, for the church of Powles. In Adle∣stréete* 1.1135 or Lane, I finde no monuments.

In Lambart hill* 1.1136 Lane on the West side therof, adioyning to the North side of the Blacke Smithes Hall,* 1.1137 haue yee one plot of grounde inclosed with a bricke wall, for a Church yarde* 1.1138 or burying plot for the dead, of Saint Mary Magdalens by olde Fishstréete.

Which was giuen to that vse, by Iohn Iwarbie an Officer in the receit of the Exchequer, in the twentie six yeare of Henry the sixt, as appeareth by patent. Iohn Iwarby &c. gaue a péece of land lying

boyde in the Parish of Saint Mary Magdalen nigh to olde Fish∣stréete, betwéene the Tenement of Iohn Phipot on the South, and the Tenement of Bartholomewe Burwashe on the West, and the Tenement pertayning to the Couent of Holly-well, on the North, and the waye vppon Lambards hill, on the East, for a Church-yarde to the Parson, Church War∣dens, &c.

Ouer against the North West ende of this Lambard hill Lane in Knightriders streete, is the Parish Church of Saint Mary Magdalen,* 1.1139 a small Church, hauing but fewe Monu∣ments.

On the West side of this Church, by the Porche there∣of, is placed a Conduit,* 1.1140 or Cisterne of Leade, Castelated with stone for receit of Thames water, conueyed at the charges of the before named Barnard Randolph Esquire. By the East ende of Sant Mary Magdalens Church, runneth vp the olde Exchange Lane, by the West end of Carter Lane, to the South-east gate or chayne, or of Powles Church yarde as is before shewed. And in this part was the Exchange kept, and Bullion was receiued for Coynage, as is noted in Faringdon Warde within.

In this Parish of Saint Mary Magdalen, out of Knightriders stréet vp to Carter Lane, be two small Lanes, the one of them called Doo little Lane.* 1.1141 The other Sermon Lane, or Sheremoniers Lane,* 1.1142 the reason of their names so giuen, I haue not learned, but I finde Sermon Lane or Sheremoniers Lane, so called in the fouretéenth of Edward the first, and a place there, to be called the blacke loft, with foure shops adioyning. I finde also that in the thirtéenth of Ri∣chard the second, William de la Pole had an house there, it may bee supposed that Lane to take name of such as cutte and rounded the plats to bee coyned into Esterling pence, for the place of Coyning was in the olde Exchaunge neare vnto this.

In Knightriders stréete, is the Colledge of Phisitians,* 1.1143 wher∣in was founded in the yeare one thousand fiue hundred eightie two, a publike Lecture in Surgerye,* 1.1144 to bee read twice euery wéeke, &c. as is shewed elsewhere.

In the South Church yard of Powles, is the South side, and

West ende of the saide church:* 1.1145 In the which West ende, be thrée stately Gates, or Entries, curiously wrought of stone, namely the middle gate, in the midst whereof, is placed a massie Pillar of brasse, wherevnto the leaues of the saide great Gate are closed and faste∣ned, with lockes, bolts, and barres of yron: All which notwithstan∣ding, on the 24. of December, in the yeare 1565. by a tempest of winde then rising from the West, these Gates were blowne open,* 1.1146 the barres, boltes, and lockes, broken in sunder, or greatly bended. Also on the 5. of Ianuary, in the yeare 1589. by a like Tempest of winde then in the South West, the lesser West Gate of the saide church next to the Bishoppes Pallace was broken, both boltes, barres, and lockes, so that the same was blowne ouer.

At either corner of this West ende, is also of auncient buil∣ding, a strong Tower of stone, made for bell Towers, the one of them, to wit, next to the Pallace, is at this present to the vse of the same Pallace, the other towardes the South, is called the Lowlardes Tower,* 1.1147 and hath béene vsed as the Bishoppes Pri∣son, for such as were detected for opinions in Religion, contrary to the faith of the church.

The last prisoner which I haue knowne committed thereto, was in the yeare 1573. one Peter Burchet,* 1.1148 Gentleman of the middle Temple, for hauing desperately wounded, and minding to haue murthered a seruiceable Gentleman named Iohn Haw∣kens Esquire, in the high stréete neare vnto the Strande, who béeing taken and examined, was founde to holde certaine opi∣nions erronious, and therefore committed thither, and conuic∣ted, but in the ende by perswasion, hée promised to obiure his heresies: and was by commaundement of the Councell, remoo∣ued from thence to the Tower of London, &c. where hee com∣mitted, as in an other place I haue at large reported.

Adioyning to this Lowlardes Tower, is the Parish church of Saint Gregorie,* 1.1149 appoynted to the Pettie Cannons of Powles. Monuments of note I knowe none there.

The rest of that South side of Saint Paules Church, with the Chapter House (a bewtifull péece of woorke, builded about the raigne of Edward the third) is now defaced, by meanes of

Lysences graunted to Cutlers, Budget makers, and other, first to builde lowe sheddes, but now higher Houses, which do hide that beautifull side of the Church, saue only the toppe and South Gate.

On the North West side of this Church yarde, is the Bi∣shoppes Pallace,* 1.1150 a large thing for receipte, wherein diuers Kinges haue beene lodged, and greate housholde hath beene kepte, as appeareth by the greate Hall, whiche of late yeares since the rebatement of Bishoppes liuinges, hath not beene fur∣nished with housholde meynie and Guestes, as was meant by the builders thereof, and was of olde time vsed.

The Deanes lodging on the other side, directly agaynst the Pallace, is a faire olde House, and also diuers large hou∣ses, are on the same side builded, whiche yet remaine, and of olde time were the Lodgings of Prebendaries and Residenciars, whiche kept great housholdes, and liberall hospitalitie, but now either decayed, or otherwise conuerted.

Then is the Stacioners Hall* 1.1151 on the same side, lately buil∣ded for them. And let this bee an ende of Baynardes Castle Warde, whiche hath an Alderman, his Deputie. Common Councell 9. Constables 10. Scauingers 7. Wardmote In∣quest, 14. and a Beadle. And to the Fiftéencis taxed at 12. pound.

The Warde of Faringdon Extra, or without.

THe farthest West Warde* 1.1152 of this Citie, being the 25. Warde of London, but without the Walles is called Faringdon without, and was of olde time part of the other Faringdon with∣in, vntil the 17. of Richard the second: in which it was diuided and made twaine, by the names of Faringdon infra, and Faringdon extra, as is afore shewed.

The bounds of which warde, without Newgate, and Ludgate, are these. First on the East part thereof, is the whole precinct of the late priorie of Saint Bartholomewe, and a part of Long Lane, on the North, towards Aldersgate stréete, and Ducke Lane, with the Hos∣pitall of Saint Bartholomewe on the West, and all Smithfield to the Barres in S. Iohn stréete. Then out of Smithfielde, Chicken Lane toward Turmile brooke, and ouer that brooke by a bridge of timber, into the field: then backe againe by the Pens (or foldes) in Smithfield, by Smithfield pond, to Cowe-Lane, which turneth to∣ward Oldboorne: and then Hosiar Lane, out of Smithfield, also to∣ward Oldboorne, till it meete with a part of Cowe Lane. Then Cocke Lane out of Smithfield, ouer against Pye corner: then also is Giltspur stréete, out of Smithfield to Newgate, then from New∣gate West by Saint Sepulchres church to Turnagaine Lane: then to Oldboorne conduit, on Snor hill, to Oldboorne bridge: vp Old∣boorne hill to the Barres on both sides, on the right hand or North side, at the bottome of Oldboorne hill, is Gold Lane,* 1.1153 sometime a fil∣thy passage into the fieldes, now both sides builded with small tene∣ments. Then higher is Lither Lane,* 1.1154 turning also to the field, and so to the Barre. Now on the left hand or South side from Newgate, lyeth a stréet called the Olde Baily,* 1.1155 or court of the Chamberlaine of this citie: this stretcheth down by the wall of the citie vnto Ludgate: on the West side of which stréete, breaketh out one other Lane, cal∣led Saint Georges Lane, till yee come to the Southende of Seacole Lane: and then turning towards Fléetestréete, it is called Fléete Lane. The next out of the high stréete from Newgate turning down South, is called the little Baylie, and runneth downe to the East of Saint Georges Lane. Then is Seacole lane, which turneth downe into Fleetelane: neare vnto this Seacole lane,* 1.1156 in the turning to∣wards Oldboorne conduit, is an other lane, called in Record, winde∣againe lane,* 1.1157 for that it turneth downe to Turmill Brooke, and from thence backe againe, for there is no way ouer. Then beyond Old∣boorne bridge to Shooe lane,* 1.1158 which runneth out of Oldboorne vn∣to the conduit in Fléetestréete. Then also is Fewtars lane,* 1.1159 which likewise stretcheth South into Fléetestréete, by the East end of Saint Dunstons church, and from this lane to the Barres, bee the bounds without Newgate.

Now without Ludgate, this ward runneth vp from the saide gate to Temple bar, and hath on the right hand or northside, the south end of the Olde Bayly, then downe Ludgate hill, to the Fleete lane, ouer Fleete bridge, and by Shooe lane, and Fewters lane, and so to New streete (or Chancery lane) and vp that lane to the house of the Rolles, which house is also of this warde, and on the other side to a lane ouer against the Roules, which ente∣reth Ficquetes fielde.

Then harde by the Barre is one other lane called Shyre lane,* 1.1160 because it deuideth the Citie from the Shire, and this turneth in∣to Ficquetes fielde.

From Ludgate againe on the left hand, or south side to Fleete bridge, to bride lane, which runneth south by Bridewell, then to Water lane, which runneth downe to the Thames.

Then also by the White Fryars, and by the Temple, euen to the Barre aforesaide, bee the boundes of this Faringdon warde without.

Touching Ornamentes and Antiquities in this warde, first be∣twixt the said Newgate and the parish Church of S. Sepulchers is a way towardes Smithfielde, called Guilt spurre, or Knightri∣dars streete,* 1.1161 of the knights and other riding that way into Smith∣fielde, replenished with buildinges on both sides vp to Pie corner, a place so called of such a signe, sometimes a fayre Inne for receipte of Trauellers, but now deuided into Tenements, and ouer against the saide Pie corner lyeth Cocke lane,* 1.1162 which runneth downe to Oldbourne Conduite.

Beyond this Pie corner lyeth west Smithfielde,* 1.1163 compassed a∣bout with buildinges, as first on the south side following, the right hand standeth the fayre parish church, and large Hospitall of Saint Bartilmew, founded by Rahere the first Prior of Saint Bartil∣mewes* 1.1164 thereto neare adioyning, in the yeare 1102.

Alfune (that had not long before builded the parish church of S. Giles without Cripplegate, became the first Hospitelar, or Proctor for the poore of this house, and went himselfe dayly to the Shambles and other marketes, where he begged the charity of deuout people for their releefe, promising to the liberall giuers, (and that by alledging Testimonies of the holy scripture) reward

at the hands of God, this Hospital, was since repayred about the yeare 1423. of the goodes and by the Executors of Richarde VVhitington, sometime Maior of London, and was gouerned by a Maister, and eight Brethren, being Priestes for the church, and foure Sisters to see the poore serued.

Sir Iohn VVakering Priest, Maister of this house in the yere 1463. amongst other bookes gaue to their common Libra∣ry the fayrest Bible, that I haue seene written in large velame, by a Brother of that house, named Iohn Coke at the age of 68. yeares, when hee had been Priest 43. yeares, since the spoile of that Library. I haue seene this booke in the custody of my wor∣shipfull frend maister, VValter Cope.

Monumentes in this Church of the dead, Benefactors ther∣unto be these, Elizabeth wife to Adam Hone Gentleman, Bar∣tilmew Bildington, Iane wife to Iohn Cooke, Dame Alis wife to Sir Richarde Isham, Alice wife to Nicholas Bayly, Iohn Woodhouse Esquier, Robert Palmar Gentleman, Ido∣na wife to Iohn VValden lying by her husband on the North side late newly builded, 1424. Sir Thomas Malifant Baron of Winnow, Lord Sir George in Glamorgan, and Lord Ockene∣ton and Pile in the county of Pembroke, 1438. Dame Marga∣ret his wife, Daughter to Thomas Astley Esquier, with Ed∣mond and Henry his children, William Markeby Gentleman 1438. Richard Shepley, and Alice his wife, Thomas Sauill Sarieant at Armes, Edwarde Beastby Gentleman, and Marga∣ret his wife, Walter Ingham and Alienar his wife, Robert War∣nar and Alice Lady Carne, Robert Galdfet, Iohan and Ag∣nes his wiues, Sir Robert Danuars, and Dame Agnes his wife, daughter to Sir Richarde Delaber, William Brookes Esqui∣er, Iohn Sirley Esquier, and Margaret his wife, hauing their pictures of Brasse, in the habite of Pilgrimes on a fayre flat stone with an Epitaph. 1456. Iane Lady Clinton, who gaue ten pound to the poore there, 1458. Agnes Daughter to Sir VVilliam, S. George, Iohn Rogebrooke Esquier, Richarde Surgeon, Thomas Burgan Gentleman, Elizabeth wife to Henry Skinard daughter to Chincroft Esquier, VVilliam Mackeley Gentlman and Alice his wife, VVilliam Fitzwater Gentleman, 1466.

This Hospitall was valued at the suppression in the yeare, 1539. the 31. of Henry the eight to 35. pounde, six shil∣linges, 7. pence, yearely. The church remaineth a parish church to the Tenantes dwelling in the precinct of the Hospitall,* 1.1165 but in the yeare 1546. on the 13. of Ianuarie, the Bishop of Roche∣ster, preaching at Paules Crosse, declared the gift of the said king, to the Citizens for releeuing of the poore, which conteyned the Church of the Gray Fryars, the church of S. Bartilmew with the Hospitall, with all the Messuages and appurtenances in Gilt∣spurre, alias Knightridars streete, Breton streete, Petar Kay, in the parish of S. Mary Magdalen, in olde Fishstreete, and in the parish of S. Benet Huda, Lymehurst, or Lymehost, in the Pa∣rish of Stebunheth, &c. Then also were orders deuised for releefe of the poore, the inhabitants were al called to their parish churches whereby Sir Richarde Dobbes then Maior their seuerall Alder∣men, or other graue Citizens, they were by eloquent orations perswaded how great and how many commodities woulde ensew vnto them and their Citie, if the poore of diuers sorts which they named were taken from out their streets, lanes, and allies, & were bestowed and prouided for in Hospitalles abroade &c. therefore was euery man moued liberally to grant, what they woulde impart, towardes the preparing, and furnishing of such Hospitals & also what they would contribute weekely towardes their main∣tenance for a time (which they saide should not be past one yeare or twaine) vntill that they were better furnished of endowment: to make short euery man granted liberally, according to his habi∣lity, and bookes were drawne of the releefe in euery warde of the City, towardes the new Hospitalles, and were deliuered by the Maior, to the kinges Commissioners, on the 17. of February, and order was taken therein, so as the 26. of Iuly, in the yeare 1552. the repayring of the Gray Fryars house, for poore father∣lesse children, was taken in hand, and also in the latter ende of the same moneth, began the repayring of this Hospitall of S. Bartil∣mew, and was of new endowed, and furnished at the charges of the Citizens.

On the east side of this Hospitall, lieth Duke lane, which run∣neth out of Smithfielde south, to the northend of little Bretaine

streete. On the east side of this Ducke lane, and also of Smithfield lyeth the late dissolued Priorie at S. Bartilmew* 1.1166 founded also by Rahere, a pleasant witted Gentleman, and therefore in his time called the kinges Minstrell, aboute the yeare of Chri••t 1102. hee founded it in a part of y^e oft befor named morish ground, which was therefore a common Lay stall of all filth, that was to bee voyded out of the City, hee placed Canons there, and himselfe became their first Prior, and so continued till his dying day, and was there buried in a fayre monument, of late renued by Bolton.

Amongst other memorable matters touching this Priorie, one is of an Archbishops visitation, which Mathew Paris hath thus. Boniface (sayth hee) Archbishoppe of Canterbury,* 1.1167 in his Uisitation, came to this Priorie, where being receiued with Pro∣cession, in the most solemne wise, hee saide that he passed not vpon the honor, but came to visite them, to whome the Canons an∣wered that they hauing a learned Bishop, ought not in contempt of him, to be visited by any other: which answere so much offen∣ded the Archbishop,* 1.1168 that hee forthwith fell on the Supprior and smote him on the face, saying, indeede, indeede doth it become you English Traitors so to answere mee, thus raging with othes not to bee recited, hee rent in peeces the rich Cope of the Supprior,* 1.1169 and trode it vnder his feete, and thrust him against a Pillar of the Chancell, with such spirituall violence, that hee had almost killed him: But the Chanons seeing their Supprior thus almost slaine, came and plucked off the Archbishop* 1.1170 with such force that they o∣uerthrew him backwards, whereby they might see that hee was armed and prepared to fight, the Archbishops men seeing their maister down (being all strangers and their maisters countrimen, borne in Prouence) fell vpon the Chanons, beate them, tare them and trod them vnder feete,* 1.1171 at length the Canons* 1.1172 getting away as well as they could, ran bloody and myry, rent and torne, to the Bishop of London, to complaine, who bad them goe to the king at Westminster, and tell him thereof, whereupon foure of them went thether, the rest were not able, they were so sore hurt, but when they came to Westminster, the king would neither heare nor see them, so they returned without redresse, in the meane season the whole Citie was in an vprore and ready to haue rung the com¦mon

bell, and to haue hewed the Archbishop into small peeces, who was secretly crept to Lambhith, where they sought him and not knowing him by sight,* 1.1173 saide to themselues, where is this Ruf∣fian, that cruell s••iter, hee is no winner of soules, but an exactor of money, whome neither God, nor any lawfull or free election, did bring to this Promotion, but the king did vnlawfully intrude him, being vtterlie vnlearned, a stranger borne and hauing a wife &c. but hee conueyed himselfe ouer, and went to the king with a great complaint, against the Chanons, whereas himselfe was guilty.

Bolton* 1.1174 was the last Prior of this house, a greate builder there: for he repayred the Priorse church with the parish church adioyning, the offices and lodginges to the saide Priorie belong∣ing, and neare adioyning, hee builded of new the Mannor of Cha∣nonbery* 1.1175 at Islington which belonged to the Canons of this house, and is situate in a low ground, somewhat north from the parish Church there, but hee builded no house at Harrow on the hill, as ••dwarde Hall* 1.1176 hath written, following a fable then on foote. The people (sayeth hee) being feared by Prognosticati∣ons, which declared that in the yeare of Christ 1524. there should be such Eclipses in watry signes & such coniunctions, that by wa∣ters and floudes manye people shoulde perish, people victu∣led themselues and went to high groundes for feare of drowning and especiallie one Bolton, which was Prior of S. Bartilmewes in Smithfielde builded him a house vpon Harrow on the hill, one∣ly for feare of this floude, thether hee went and made proui∣sion of all thinges necessary within him for the space of two mo∣nethes &c. but this was not so indeede as I haue beene credibly enformed: true it is that this Bolton, was also Parson of H••••row, and therefore bestowed some small reparations on the Personage house, and builded nothing there more then a Douehouse, to serue him when he had forgon his Priorie.

To this Priorie king Henry the second granted the Priuiledge of a fayre to bee kept yearely at Bartilmewtide* 1.1177 for three dayes, to wit, y^• Eue, the day, & next morrow, to the which the Clothi∣ars of all England, and Drapers of London repayred, and had their Boothes and standinges within the Churchyarde of this

Priorie closed in with walles and gates locked euery night, and watched for safety of mens goodes, and wares, a court of Pie∣powdars* 1.1178 was dayly during the Fayre holdē for debts & contracts. But now in place of Bothes within this Church yarde (onely letten out in the fayre time) be many large houses builded, and the North wall towardes Long lane being taken down, a number of Tenementes are there erected.

The monuments of the dead in this Priorie, are these of Ra∣here the first founder, Roger VValden Bishoppe of London, 1406. Iohn Warton Gentleman, and Elizabeth his wife, daughter to William Scot Esquier, Iohn Louth Gentleman, Robert Shikeld Gentleman, Sir Bacon knight, Iohn Ludlow, and Alice his wife, VV. Thirlewall Esquier, Rich∣arde Lancaster Herralde at Armes, Thomas Torald. Iohn Roiston, Iohn Watforde, Iohn Carleton, Robert sonne to Sir Robert Willowbie, Gilbert Halstocke, Elianor wife to Sir Hugh Fen, mother to Margaret Lady Burgaueny, VVilliam Essex Esquier Richarde Vancke Baron of the Exchequer, and Margaret his wife, daughter to VVilliam de la Riuar, Iohn Winderhall, Iohn Duram Esquier, and Elizabeth his wife, Iohn Malwaine, Alice wife to Balstred daughter to Kniffe, VVilliam Scarlet Esquier, Iohn Golding, Hugh VValter Gentleman, and the late wise and worthy Sir VValter Mild∣way knight, Chancelor of the Exchequer &c.

This Priorie at the late surrender thereof made the 30. of Henry the eight was valued at 653. ••. 15. ••. by yeare.

The Church and Bell Tower (hauing six Bels in a Tune) were solde to the parish of S. Sepulchers, and then the church be∣ing pulled downe to the Quire, the Quire was by the kinges or∣der annexed for the enlarging of the olde Parish church thereto adioyning, and so was vsed till the raigne of Queene Mary, who gaue it to the Fryars Preachers or Blacke Fryars, and was v∣sed as their conuentuall Church, vntill the first of our Soue∣raigne Lady Queene Elizabeth, those Fryars were once more put out, and then all the saide church was wholie as it stoode in the last yere of Edwarde the sixt giuen by Parliament to remaine for euer a parish Church for the inhabitantes within the Close called

greate S. Bartilmewes. Since the which time, that olde Church is pulled down, except the Steeple of rotten timber ready to fall of it selfe, I haue oft heard it reported that a new steeple should be builded with the stone of the olde Parish Church, but no such thing is performed, for it is more easie to pul downe then to set vp and builde. On the North side of this Priory, is the lane, truelie called Long, which reacheth from Smithfield towards Aldersgate streete, the rest of Smithfield, from long lane* 1.1179 ende to the Bars is inclosed with Innes, Brewhouses, and large tenements on the west side is Chicken lane* 1.1180 downe to Cowbridge.* 1.1181

Then be the Pens* 1.1182 or Foldes so called of Sheepe there parted, and penned vp to be solde, on the market dayes.

Then is Smithfielde Pond,* 1.1183 which of olde time in recordes was called Horse Poole, for that men watered horses there, and was a great water. In the 6. of Henry the fift, a new building was made in this west part of Smithfielde betwixt the said Poole and the Riuer of the Wels, or Turnemill Brooke, in a place (then called the Elmes,* 1.1184 for that there grew many Elme trees) and this had beene the place of execution for Offendors: since the which time the building there hath beene so increased, that now remaineth not one tree growing.

Amongst these new buildinges is Cowbridge streete, or Cow lane, which turneth toward Oldbourne, in which lane, the Prior of Semperingham had his Inne or London lodging.

The rest of that west side of Smithfielde, hath diuers fayre Innes and other comely buildinges vp to Hosiar lane,* 1.1185 which also turneth downe to Oldbourne, till it meete with Cowbridge street. From this lane to Cocke lane,* 1.1186 ouer against Pie corner.

And thus much for incrochmentes and inclosure of this Smith∣fielde, whereby remaineth but a small portion, for the olde vses, to wit, for marketes of horses and cattle, neither for Militarie exer∣cises, and Iustinges,* 1.1187 Turninges, and great triumphes which haue been there performed before the Princes and Nobilitie both of this Realme, and Forraigne countries.

But now to returne through Giltspurre streete by Newgate where I first beganne, there standeth the faire parish church* 1.1188 called S. Sepulchre in the Bayly, or by Chamberlaine gate in a fayre

church yarde, though not so large as of olde time, for the same is letten out for buildinges &c. This church was newly reedified or builded about the raigne of Henry the sixt,* 1.1189 or of Edwarde the fourth, one of the Pophames* 1.1190 was a great builder there, name∣ly of one fayre chappell, on the south side of the Quire, as ap∣peareth by his Armes, and other monumentes in the glasse win∣dowes thereof, and also of the fayre Portch of the same church towardes the South, his Image fayre grauen in stone, was fix∣ed ouer the saide Portch, but defaced and beaten downe, his title by offices was this, Chancellor of Normandy, Captain of Ver∣noile, Pearch, Susan, and Bayon, and Treasurer of the kinges houshold, hee dyed rich, leauing great Treasure of strange coynes and was buried in the Charterhouse church, by west Smithfield: the first nobilitating of these Pophames was by Mathild the Em∣presse, daughter to Henry the first, and by Henry her sonne, one Pophame gentleman of very fayre landes in Southampton shire dyed without issue male, about Henry the sixt, and leauing foure daughters they were maried to Fostar, Barentine, Wodham, & Hamdē, Popham Dean (distant 3. miles from Clarendon, & 3. miles from Motisham) was sometime the cheefe Lordshippe or Mannor house of these Pophames.

There lye buried in this Church, William Andrew Esquier, Stephen Clamparde Esquier, Lawrence Warcam Esquier, Iohn Dagworth, William Porter, Esquier, Robert Scarlet Esqui∣er &c.

There lyeth a streete from Newgate west, to the end of Turn∣againe lane, and winding north to Oldbourne Conduite.* 1.1191 This Conduite by Oldbourne Crosse was first builded 1498. Thoma∣sin Widow to Iohn Perciuall, Maior, gaue to the second ma∣king thereof twentie markes, Richarde Shore ten pound, Tho∣mas Kensworth and others also did giue towardes it.

But of late a new Conduite was there builded in place of the olde, namely in the yeare one thousand fiue hundrd seauentie sea∣uen, by William Lambe sometime a gentleman of the Chap∣pell to king Henry the eight, and afterwarde a Cittizen and Clothworker of London, the water thereof hee caused to bee conueyed in Leade, from diuers springes to one heade and from

thence to the said Conduit, and wast of one Cocke at Oldborne bridge, more then 2000. yards in length, all which was by him performed at his owne onely charges (amounting to the summe 1500. pound) and by him finished.

From the west side of this Conduit is the high way there called Snor hill, stretcheth out by Oldborne bridge ouer the ost named water of Turmill brooke, and so vp to Oldeborne hill, all repleni∣shed with faire building.

Without Oldborne bridge on the right hand is Gold lane, as is afore shewed: vp higher on the hill be certaine Innes, and other faire buildings, amongst the which of olde time was a Messuage called Scrops Inne, about the 37. of Henry the sixt.

Then is the Bishop of Elies* 1.1192 Inne, commonly called Ely place, for that it pertaineth vnto the Bishops of Ely, the which Iohn de Hotham Bishoppe of Elie did giue by the name of his Mannor and sixe tenements in Oldeborne to the Church and couent of Ely, as appeareth by pattent* 1.1193 of Record, the 9. of Edwarde the thirde. This man was 20. yeares Bishop of Elie, and deceased 1336.

Thomas Arundell Bishoppe of Elie beautifully builded of newe his Pallace at Elie, and likewise his Mannors in diuers places, especially this in Oldeborne, which he did not onely repaire but rather new builded, and augmented it with a large Port gate house, or front towards the stréet or high way: his armes are yet to be discerned in the stone worke thereof: he also sate Bishop of Ely 14. yeares, and was translated to Yorke.

In this house for the large and commodious roomes thereof, di∣uers great and solemne feastes haue béene kept, especially by the Sergeantes at the law, whereof twaine are to be noted for poste∣ritie. The first in the yeare 1464. the fourth of Edward the fourth in Michelmas tearme, the Sergeants* 1.1194 at Law helde their feast in this house, to the which amongst other estates, Mathew Phillip Mayor of London, with the Aldermen, Sheriffes, and commons of diuers crafts being inuited did repaire: but when the Mayor loo∣ked to kéepe the state in the hall as it had béene vsed in all places within the Citie and liberties (out of the Kings presence) the Lord Gray of Ruthen, then Lord Treasurer of England, vnwitting the Sergeantes and against their willes (as they said) was first

placed: wherevpon the Mayor, Aldermen, and commons depar∣ted home, and the Mayor made the Aldermen to dine with him: howbeit he and all the Citizens were wonderfully displeased, that he was so dealt with, and the newe Sergeantes and others were right sorie therefore, and had rather then much good (as they said) it had not so happened.

One other feast was likewise there kept, in the yere 1531. the 23. of king Henry the 8. the Sergeants then made were in num∣ber 11. namely, Thomas Audeley, Walter Luke, I. Bawdwine, I. Hinde, Christopher Iennie, I. Dowsell, Edward Meruine, Edmond Knightley, Roger Chomley, Edward Montague, and Roger Yorke.

These also held their feast in this Elie house for fiue daies, to wit, Fryday the 10. of Nouember, Saterday, Sunday, Munday, and Tuiesday. On Munday (which was their principall day) King Henry* 1.1195 and Quéene Katherine dined there (but in two chambers) and the forreine Ambassadors in a third chamber. In the Hall at the high table, sate Sir Nicholas Lambard Mayor of London, the Iudges, the Barons of the Exchequer, with certain Aldermen of the Citie: At the boord on the south side, sate the mai∣ster of the Rowles, the maisters of the Chauncerie, and worship∣full Citizens: On the North side of the Hall certayne Aldermen began the boorde, and then followed Merchantes of the Citie: in the Cloistrie, Chappell and gallorie, Knights, Esquires and Gen∣tlemen were placed: in the halles, the Craftes of London: the Sergeants of Law and their wiues kept in their owne chambers.

It were tedious to set downe the preparation of fish, flesh, and other victuailes spent in this feast, and would séeme almost incredi∣ble & (as to me it séemeth) wanted little of a feast at a coronation: neuerthelesse a little I will touch, for declaration of the change of prices. There were brought to the slaughter house 24. great Béefes, at 26. shillings, viij.pence the péece from the shambles, one carkasse of an Oxe at 24. ••. one hundred fat Muttons, ij.••x.••. the péece, 51. great Ueales at iiij.••.viij.••.the péece: 34. Porkes iij.••.viij.••.the péece, 91. Pigs vj.••.the péece, Capons of Grece of one Poulter, (for they had thrée) 10. dozens at xxij.pence the peece, Capons of Kent 9. dozens, and sixe at xij.••.the peece, Ca∣pons course 19. dozen at vj.••.the peece, Cockes of grose 7. dozen

and nine at viij.••.the peece, Cockes course 14. dozen and 8. at iij. ••.the peece, Pullets the best ij••.ob. other Pullets ij.••.Pigeous, 37. dozen at x.••.the dozen, Swannes 14. dozen, Larkes, 340. dozen at v.••.the dozen &c. Edward Neuill was Seneshal or stes••∣ard, Thomas Ratcliffe Controwler Thomas Wildon, Clearke of the kitchin.

Next beyond this Mannor of Ely house, is Lither lane,* 1.1196 turning into the field. Then is Furniualles Inne,* 1.1197 now an Inne of chaun∣cerie, but sometime belonging to Sir William Furniuall knight, and Thomasin his wife, who had in Oldborne two Messuages, and 13. shops as appeareth by Record of Richarde the 2. in the sixt of his raigne. Then is the Earle of Bathes Inne,* 1.1198, now cal∣led Bath place, of late for the most part new builded, and so to the Barres. Now againe from Newgate on the left hand or South side lyeth the Olde Bayly, which runneth downe by the wall vp∣on the ditch of the Citie called Hounds ditch to Ludgate: I haue not read how this streete tooke that name, but is like to haue ri∣sen of some Court of old time there kept: and I find that in the 34. of Edward the third the tenement and ground vpon Hounds ditch* 1.1199 betweene Ludgate on the South, and Newgate on the North was appointed to Iohn Cambridge Fishmonger, Chamberlane* 1.1200 of London: whereby it seemeth that the Chamberlaines of Lon∣don haue there kept their courts, as now they do by the Guildhal and till this day the Mayor and Iustices of this Cittie kept their sessions in a part thereof, now called the sessions hall,* 1.1201 both for the cittie of London and shire of Middlesex. Ouer against the which house on the right hand tuxneth downe S. Georges lane,* 1.1202 to∣wards Fléet lane. In this S. Georges lane on the North side ther∣of, remaineth yet an old wall of stone inclosing a peece of grounde vp Seacoale lane, wherein by report sometime stoode an Inne of Chauncery: which house being greatly decayed, and standing re∣mote from other houses of that profession, the company remo∣ued to common hosterie, called of the signe, our Lady Inne, not far from Clements Inne, which they procured from Sir Iohn Fi∣neox, Lord chiefe Iustice of the Kings bench, and since haue helde it of the owners by the name of New Inne,* 1.1203 paying therefore vi.••. rent by the yeare as tenants at their owne will: for more (as it is

said) cannot be gotten of them, and much lesse wil they be put from it. Beneath this S. Georges lane, the lane called Fleet lane win∣deth south by the prison of the Fleet into Fleetstreete, by Fleete bridge. Lower downe into the Olde Bayly, is at this present a standard of* 1.1204 timber with a cocke or cockes, deliuering fayre spring water to the inhabitants, and is the wast of the water, seruing the prisoners in Ludgate.

Next out of the high street turneth downe a lane, called the lit∣tle Baylie, which runneth downe to the East ende of S. Georges lane. The next is Seacoale lane, I thinke called Limeburners lane,* 1.1205 of burning their lime there with Seacole. For I reade in recorde of such a lane to haue beene in the parish of S. Sepulcher, and there yet remaineth in this lane an Alley, called Limeburners Alley. Neere vnto this Seacoale lane in the turning towardes Oldborne Conduit is Turne-againe lane, or rather as in a record of the fift of Edward the third, Windagaine lane,* 1.1206 for that it go∣eth downe West to Fleete dike, from whence men must turne a∣gaine the same way that they came, for there it is stopped. Then the high stréete turneth downe Snor hill,* 1.1207 to Oldborne Conduit, and from thence to Oldborne bridge, beyond the which bridge on the left hand is Shooe lane,* 1.1208 by the which men passe from Oldborn to Fleetestreete, by the Conduite there. In this Shooe lane on the left hande is one olde house called Oldborne hall,* 1.1209 it is now letten out into diuers tenementes. On the other side at the ve∣ry corner standeth the parish Church of S. Andrew,* 1.1210 in the which church or neare therevnto was sometime kept a Grammer schoole* 1.1211 as appeareth in an other place by a Pattent, made as I haue shewed for the erection of schooles. There bee Monumentes in this Church of an Earle of Southampton buried there Raph Rokeby, of Lincolnes Inne Esquire, Mayster of S. Katherines, and one of the Maysters of Requestes to the Quéenes Maiestie, who deceased the 14. of Iune 1596. He gaue by his testament to Christs Hospital in Londō 100.••. to the Colledge of the poore of Queene Elizabeth in East Greenwich 100. pound, to the poore schollers in Cambridge 100. pound, to the poore schollers in Ox∣ford 100. pound, to the prisoners in the two Compters in Lon∣don 200. pound, to the prisoners in the Fleet 100. pound, to the

prisoners in Ludgate 100. pound, to the prisoners in the Kinges bench 100. pounde, to the prisoners in the Marshalsey an hun∣dred pounde, to the prisoners in theWhite Lion 20. pounde, to the poore of S. Katherines, 20. pounde, and to euery brother and sister there 40.••. There was also of olde time (as I haue read in the third of Henry the fift) an Hospital* 1.1212 for the poore, which was a cell to the house of Cluny in Fraunce, and was therefore suppressed among the Priories Aliens.

From this Church of S. Andrew vp Oldborne hill be diuers fayre builded houses, amongst this which on the left hande there standeth three Innes of Chauncery, whereof the first adioyning vnto Crookhorne Alley* 1.1213 is called Thaues Inne* 1.1214 & standeth opposite or ouer against the said Elie house. Then is Fewter lane* 1.1215 which stretcheth south into Fleetstreet by the East end of S. Dunstones church, and is so called of Fewterers (or idle people) lying there as in a way leading to gardens: but the same is nowe of later yeares on both sides builded with many faire houses.

Beyond the Fewters lane is Barnardes Inne,* 1.1216 alias Mot∣worth Inne, which is the second Inne of Chauncerie, belonging to the Deane and Chapter of Lincolne, as saith the Recorde of Henry the sixt, the 32. of his raigne. Then is Staple Inne* 1.1217 the thirde Inne of Chauncery, but whereof so named I am ignorant: the same of late is, for a great part thereof fayre builded, and not a little augmented: and then at the barre endeth this Ward without Newgate.

But now without Ludgate, on the right hande or North side from the said gate lyeth the Old Bayly, as I saide: then the high streete called Ludgate hill* 1.1218 downe to Fleete lane, in which lane standeth the Fleete, a prison house, so called of the fleet or water running by it.

I reade that Richard the first in the first of his raigne confir∣med to Osbert (brother to William Longshampe Chauncelor of England and elect of Elie) and to his heires for euer the custodie of his house or palace at Westminster, with the keeping of his gaole at London, also King Iohn by his pattent dated by thirde of his raigne, gaue to S. Archdeacon of Welles, the custodie of the saide Kinges house at Westminster, and of his Gaole of the Fleete,* 1.1219 to∣gether

with the Wardship of the daughter and heyre of Robert Leueland &c. Then the next is Fléete bridge, pitched ouer the said water.

Then also against the South end of Shooe lane standeth a faire water Conduite, whereof William Eastfield sometime Mayor, was founder: for the Mayor and communaltie of London being possessed of a Conduit head, with diuers springs of water gathered thereinto in the parish of Padington, and the water conueighed from thence by pypes of lead towardes London vnto Teyborne: where it had layne by the space of sixe yeares and more: The executors of Sir William Eastfield obtained licence of the Mayor and communaltie, for them in the yeare 1453. with the goodes of Sir William to conueigh the said waters: first in pipes of lead into a pipe begun to be laid besides the great Conduit heade at Maribone, which stretcheth from thence vnto a seperal late be∣fore made against the chappell of Rounseuall by Charing crosse, and no further, and then from thence to conuay the said water into the cittie, and there to make receipt or receiptes for the same vnto, for the weale common of the comminaltie, which water was by them brought thus into Fléetstréete to a standarde, which they had made and finished 1471. neere vnto Shooe lane.

The inhabitants of Fleetestréete in the yeare 1478. obtained licence of the Mayor, Aldermen and communaltie to make at their owne charges two cesternes, the one to be set at the said standard, the other at Fleet bridge* 1.1220 for the receipt of the wast water: this ce∣sterne at the standard they builded, and on the same a fayre tower of stone garnished with images of S. Christopher on the top, & Angels with sweetsounding belles before them, wherevpon by an Engine placed in the tower) they diuers houres of the day, and night, with hammers chymed such an hymne as was appointed.

This conduit or standard was againe new builded with a lar∣ger cesterne, at the charges of the cittie in the yeare 1582.

From this Conduit vp to Fewters lane and further is the pa∣rish church of S. Dunstan,* 1.1221 called in the West, (for difference from S. Dunstone in the east) where lyeth buried T. Duke Skin∣ner in S. Katherines chappell by him builded 1421. Raph Bane Bishop of Couentrie and Lichfield 1559. and other.

Next beyond this church is Cliffords Inne,* 1.1222 sometime belong∣ing to Robert Clifforde, after whose death Isabell his wife let the same to students of the law, as by the records following may appeare: Isabell quae fuit vxor Roberti Clifford, Messuagiū vni partium, quod Robertus Clifford habuit in parochia sci. Dunstoni West. in suburbi•• Londini, &c. tenuit & illud dimisit post mortem dict. Roberti, apprenticijs de ban∣pro x.l.anuatium &c. Anno 18. Eduardi tertij, inquisitis post mortem Reberti Clifford.

This house hath since fallen into the Kings hands, ( as I haue heard) and is now letten to the said studentes for foure pounde by the yeare.

Somewhat beyond this Cliffords Inne is the South ende of Newe streete (or Chancelar lane)* 1.1223 on the the right hand where∣of is Sergeantes Inne called in Chauncery lane. And then next was sometime the house of the conuerted Iewes, founded by king Henry the third, in the yeare 1233. and the 17. of his raigne, who builded there for them a faire church, now vsed & called the chappel for the custodie of Rolles and records of Chauncerie. It standeth not farre from the olde temple, but in the midway, betwéene the old Temple and the new, in the which house* 1.1224 all such Iewes and infi∣dels as were conuerted to the Christian faith, were ordayned and appointed (vnder an honest rule of life) sufficient main∣tneaunce, whereby it came to passe, that in short time there were gathered a great number of conuerts, which were baptized, instucted in the doctrine of Christ, and there liued, vnder a learned Christian appointed to gouerne them: since the which time, to wit, in the yeare 1290. all the Iewes in England, were banished out of the realme, whereby the number of conuerts in this place was almost decayed: and therefore in the yeare 1377. this house was annexed by Pattent to William Burstall Clearke Custos Rotulorum or kéeper of the Rolles of the Chauncerie by Edward the third in the one and fiftieth yeare of his raigne: and this first Maister of the Rolles was sworne in Westminster hall, at the table of marble stone: since the which time, that house hath beene commonly called the Rolles in Chauncerie lane.* 1.1225

Notwithstanding such of the Iewes or other Infidels as haue in this realme beene conuerted to christianity and baptized, haue béen relieued there: for I find in Recorde, that one William Piers a Iew that became a Christian, was baptized in the fift of Richard the second, and had two pence the day allowed him during his life by the saide king. On the West side sometime was an house pertayning to the Prior of Necton Parke* 1.1226 (a house of Chanons in Lincolne shire) this was commonly called Hereflete Inne, and was a Brewhouse, but now faire builded for the sixe Clearkes of the Chauncerie, and standeth ouer against the saide house, called the Rolles, and neare vnto the lane which now entreth Fickets croft,* 1.1227 or Fickets field. Then is Shire lane opening also into Fic∣kets field, hard by the barres. On this North side of Fléetstréet, in the yeare of Christ 1595. I obserued, that when the laborers had broken vp the pauement, from against Chauncerie lanes end, vp towards S. Dunstones church, and had digged foure foot déepe, they found one other pauement of hard stone, more sufficient then the first, and therefore harder to be broken, vnder the which they found in the made ground, piles of timber, driuen very thicke and almost close together the same being as blacke as pitch or coale, and many of them rotten as earth, which prooueth that the ground there (as sundry other places of the Cittie) haue beene a marish or full of springes.

Now on the South side from Ludgate be faire builded houses to Fléete bridge,* 1.1228 on the which bridge a Cesterne for receite of spring water was made by the men of Fléetestréete, but the wa∣tercourse is decaied and not restored.

Next is Bridelane, and therein Bridewell, of olde time the Kinges house:* 1.1229 for the Kinges of this Realme haue beene there lodged, and their Courtes of lawe haue béene there kept of olde time, to wit till the ninth of Henry the thirde, the Courtes were kept in the kings house whersoeuer he was lodged, as may appeare by auncient records, whereof I haue seene many, but as for exam∣ple I haue already set forth one, in the Chapter of Towers and Castels before.* 1.1230

King Henry the eight builded there a stately and beautifull house of new, for receit of the Emperor Charles the 5. who in the

yeare of Christ 1522. was lodged himselfe at the Blacke Fryars, but his Nobles in this new builded Bridewell, a Gallery being made out of the house ouer the water, and through the wall of the Cittie into the Emperors lodging, at the Blacke Fryars, king Henry himselfe oftentimes lodged there also, as namely in the yere 1525. a Parliament being then holden in the Blacke Fryars, he created States* 1.1231 of Nobilitie there, to wit, Henry Fitz Roy, a childe (which he had by Elizabeth Blunt) to bee Earle of Not∣tingham, Duke of Richmont, and of Somerset, Leiuetenante Generall, from Trent Northwarde, Warden of the East, mid∣dle, and West Marches for Anenst Scotland.

Henry Courtney, Earle of Deuonshire, Cosen German to the king to bee Marques of Excester, Henry Brandon a childe of two yeares olde, sonne to the Earle of Suffolke, to bee Earle of Lincolne: Sir Thomas Mannars, Lorde Rose, to bee Earle of Rutland, Sir Henry Glifforde to bee Earle of Comberlaud, Sir Robert Ratliffe to bée Uicont, Fizwater, and Sir Thomas Boloine Treasurer of the kinges Householde, to bee Uicont Rochforde.

In the yeare 1528. Cardinall Campeius was brought to the kinges presence being then at Bridewell, whether hee had called all his Nobility, Iudges and Councellors &c. And there the eight of Nouember in his great Chamber he made vnto them an orati∣on touching his marriage with Queene Katheren, as yee may read in Edward Hall.

In the yeare 1529. the same king Henry and Queene Ka∣therine were lodged there, whilest the question of their marriage was argued in the Blacke Fryars &c.

But now you shall heare how this house became a house of correction. In the yeare 1553. the seauenth of king Edwarde the sixt, the tenth of Aprill, Sir George Baron (being Maior of this Citie) was sent for to the Court at White hall, and there at that time the king gaue vnto him, for the Comminaltie and Citi∣zens to bee a Workehouse for the poore* 1.1232 and idle persons of the Citie, his house of Bridewell, and 700. markes land late of the possessions of the house of the Sauoy, and all the bedding and other furniture of the saide Hospitall of the Sauoy towardes the main∣tenance

of the saide Workehouse of Bridewell, and the Hospitall of S. Thomas in Southwarke

This gift king Edwarde confirmed by his Charter, da∣ted the 26. of Iune next following, and in the yeare 1555. in the moneth of Februarie Sir William Gerrarde Maior and the Al∣dermen entred Bridewell, and tooke possession thereof according to the gift of the saide king Edwarde, the same was also confir∣med by Queene Mary.

The Bishop of S. Dauides* 1.1233 had his Inne ouer against the north side of this Bridewell (as I haue heard.)

Then is the parish church of S. Bridget* 1.1234 or S. Bride, (as they terme it) now a fayre church, the which William Venor Esqui∣er, Warden of the Fleete aboute the yeare 1480 increased with a large body, and side Isles from the Quire (which of olde time was the whole Church) downe to the west end, all through this Church builded of his charges is wrought in the stone worke, round about both within and without, the figure or likenes of a vine with Clusters of Grapes amongst the leaues &c.

The next is Salisbery court a place so called, for that it belonged to the Bishops of Salisbery,* 1.1235 and was their Inne, or London house at such time as they were summond to come to the Parliament, or came for other busines, it hath of late time beene the dwelling, first of Sir Richarde Sakeuile, and now of Sir Thomas Sake∣uile, his sonne Baron of Buckhurst, one of her Maiesties most honorable Counsaile.

Then is Water lane* 1.1236 running downe by the west side of a house called the hanging sworde to the Thames.

Then was the white Fryars* 1.1237 church called Fratres beatae Mariae de monte Carmeli, first founded (saieth Iohn Bale) by Richarde Gray Auncestor to the Lorde Grey Codnor, in the yeare 1241. King Edwarde the first gaue to the Prior and Brethren of that house a plot of grounde, in Fleetestreete, whereupon to builde their house, which was since reedified or new builded, by Hugh Courtney, Earle of Deuonshire, about the yere 1350. the 24. of Edwarde the thirde, Iohn Lufken Maior of London, and the Comminalty of the Citie granted a lane called Crockars lane,* 1.1238 reaching from Fleetestreete so the Thames to

builde in the west end of that Church, Sir Robert Knoles knight was a great builder there also in the raigne of Richarde the se∣cond and of Henry the fourth, hee deceased at his Mannor of Scone Thorp in Norfolke, in the yeare 1407. and was brought to London, and honorably buried by the Lady Constance his wife, in the body of the said White Fryars church, which hee had newly builded.

Robert Marshall Bishop of Hereforde, builded the Quire, Presbetery steeple, and many other partes, and was there buried about the yeare 1420. there lyeth buried also in the new Quire Sir Iohn Mowbery Earle of Nottingham, Sir Edward Court∣ney. Sir Hugh Mongomery, and Sir Iohn his Brother, Iohn VVolle, sonne to Sir Iohn Wolle, Thomas Bayholt Esquier, Elizabeth Countis of Athole, Dame Iohan wife to Sir Tho∣mas Say of Alden, Sir Pence Castle Baron, Iohn Lord Gray son to Regnalde L. Gray of Wilton, 1418. Sir Iohn Ludlow knight, Sir Richarde Derois knight, Richarde Gray knight, Iohn Ashley knight, Robert Bristow Esquier, Thomas Per∣ry Esquier, Robert Tempest Esquier, William Call, William Neddow.

In the olde Quier, lye Dame Margaret &c. Elienor Grist∣les, Sir Iohn Brown knight, and Iohn his sonne and heire, Sir Symon de Berforde knight, Peter Wigus Esquier, Robert Mathew Esquier, Sir Iohn Skargel knight, Sir Iohn Norice knight, Sir Geffrey Roose knight, Mathew Hadocke Esquier, Williā Clarel Esquier, Iohn Aprichard Esquier, William Went¦worth Esquier,. Thom. Wicham Esquier, Sir Terwhit knight, Sir Stephen Pophā knight, Bastard de Scales, Henry Blunt Esquier, Elizabeth Blunt, Iohn Swan Esquier, Alice Fostar one of y^• heires of Sir Stephē Popham, Sir Robert Brocker, knight, Iohn Drayton Esquier, Iohn son to Robert Chanlowes, and his daughter Katherine, Iohn Saluin Esquier, William Hampton Esquier, Iohn Bampton, Esquier, Iohn Wintar Esquier, Ed∣mond Oldhall, VVilliam Appleyarde Esquier, Thomas Dabby Esquier, Sir Hugh Courtney knight, Iohn Drury son to Robert Drury, Elizabeth Gemersey Gentlewoman, Sir Tho∣mas Townesend knight, Sir Richarde Greene knight, Wil∣liam

Scot Esquier, Thomas Federinghey, I. Fulforde Esquier, Edwarde Eldsmere Gentleman, W. Hart Gentleman, Dame Mary Senelare, daughter to Sir Thomas Talbot knight, An∣cher Esquier, Sir William Moris knight, & Dame Christian his wife, Sir Peter, de Mota knight, Richard Hewton Esquier, Sir I. Heron knight, Richarde Eaton Esquier, Hugh Stapleton Gentleman, VVilliam Copley Gentleman, Sir Ralph Saint∣wen knight, Sir Hugh Bromeflete, knight, Lord Vessey prin∣cipall founder of that order, the sixt of Edward the fourth, &c.

This house was valued at 62.••.7.••.3.••. & was surrendred the tenth of Nouember, the 30. of Henry the eight.

In place of this Fryars church bee now many fayre houses builded, lodginges for noble men and others. Then is the Sar∣ieantes Inne,* 1.1239 so called for that diuers Iudges and Sarieantes at the Law, keepe a Commons, and are lodged there in Terme times. Next is the New Temple,* 1.1240 so called because the Tem∣plars before the building of this house, had their Temple in Old∣borne. This house was founded by the knightes Templars in England, in the raigne of Henry the second, and the same was de∣dicated to God and our blessed Lady, by Heraclius, Patriarke of the Church, called the holy resurrection in Iherusalem, in the yeare of Christ, 1185.

These knightes Templars* 1.1241 tooke their beginning about the yeare 1118. in manner following. Certaine noble men, horse∣men, religiously bent, bound by vow themselues in the handes of the Patriarke of Iherusalem, to serue Christ after the manner of Regular Chanons in chastitie & obedience, and to renounce their own proper wils for euer: she first of which order were Hugh Paganus, and Geffery de S. Andomare. And whereas at the first they had no certaine habitation, Baldwin king of Ierusalem, granted vnto them a dwelling place in his Pallace, by the Tem∣ple, and the Chanons of the same Temple, gaue them the streete thereby to build there in their houses of office, and the Patriarke, the king, the Nobles, and Prelates: gaue vnto them certaine re∣uenewes out of their Lordshippes.

Their first profession* 1.1242 was for safegarde of the Pilgrimes comming to visite the Sepulchre and to keepe the high waies a∣gainst

the lying in waite of Theeues, &c. About ten yeares af∣ter they had a rule appointed vnto them, and a white Habite by Honorius then Pope, and whereas they had been but nine in num¦ber, they beganne to increase greatly. Afterwarde in Pope Euge∣nius time, they bare crosses of red cloth on their vppermost gar∣mentes, to be knowne by from others: and in short time because they had their first mansion hard by the Temple of our Lord in Ierusalem, they were called knightes of the Temple.

Many noble men in all parts of Christendome, became Breth∣ren of this order, and builded for themselues Temples in euery ci∣tie or great Towne. In England this was their cheise house, which they builded after the forme of the Temple, neare to the sepulchre of our Lord at Ierusalem,* 1.1243 they had also an other Temple in Cambridge, one other in Bristow, in Canterbury, Douer, Warwicke, & others in other places. This Temple in London, was often made a storehouse of mens Treasure, I meane such as feared the spoile there of in other places.

Mathew Paris noteth that in the yeare 1232. Huberte de Burgh Earle of Kent, being Prisoner in the Tower of London, the king was enformed that hee had much Treasure layde vp in his new Temple, vnder the custody of the Templars, whereupon he sent for the maister of the Temple, and examined him straight∣lie, who confessed that money being deliuered vnto him and his Brethren to be kept, he knew not how much there was of it, the king demanded to haue the same deliuered, but it was answered that the money being committed vnto their trust, could not be de∣liuered without the licence of him that committed it, to Ecclesi∣asticall protection, whereupon the king sent his Treasurer and Iusticiar of the Exchequer vnto Hubert to require him to resigne the money wholy into his handes, who answered that he would gladly submit himselfe, and all his vnto the kinges pleasure, and thereupon desired the knightes of the Temple in his behalfe to present all the keyes vnto the king•• to doe his pleasure, with the goodes which he had committed vnto them. Then the king com∣manded the money to be faithfully tolde and laide vp in his Trea∣sure, by Inuentorie, wherein was found (besides readie money) vessels of gold, and siluer vnpraiseable, and many pretio••s stones

which would make al men wonder, if they knew the worth of thē.

This Temple was againe dedicated 1240. belike also new∣lie reedified then.

These Templars at this time were in so great glorie, that they entertayned the Nobilitie, forraine Ambassadors, and the Prince himselfe, very often, insomuch that Mathew Paris crieth out on them for their Pride, who being at the first so poore, as they had but one horse to serue two of them, (in tokē whereof they gaue in their Seale,* 1.1244 two men riding vpon one horse,) yet suddainely they waxed so insolent, that they disdayned other orders, and sorted themselues with Noble men.

King Edwarde the first in the yeare 1163. taking with him Robert Waleran, and other came to the Temple, where calling for the Keeper of the Treasure house, as if hee ment to see his mo∣thers Iewels, that were laide vp there, to bee safely kept hee en∣tred into the house, breaking the Coffers of certaine persons that had likewise brought their money thether, and hee tooke away from thence to the valew of a thousand pound.

Many Parliamentes* 1.1245 and great Counsailes haue been there kept as may appeare by our histories. In the yeare 1308. all the Templars in England as also in other parts of Christendome were apprehended and committed to diuers prisons, In 1310. a prouinciall Counsaile was holden at London against the Templars, in England, vpon heresie, and other Articles where∣of they were accused, but denied all except one or two of them, notwithstanding they all did confesse that they coulde not purge themselues fully, as faultles, and so they were condemned to per∣petuall pennance, in seuerall monasteries, where they behaued themselues modestly.

Phillip king of France procured their ouerthrow, throughout the whole world, and caused them to be condemned* 1.1246 by a generall Counsaile to his aduantage, as he thought, for he beleeued to haue had all their landes in France, and therefore seazed the same into his handes, (as I haue read) caused the Templars to the number of foure and fifty, (or after Fabian threescore) to bee burned at* 1.1247 Paris.

Edward 2. in the yere 1313, gaue vnto Aimor de Valence,

Earle of Penbrooke,* 1.1248 the whole place and houses called the New Temple at London, with the ground called Ficquetes Croft,* 1.1249 and all the Tenementes and Rentes with the Appurtenances that belonged to the Templars in the Citie of London, and Sub∣urbes thereof.

After Aimer de Valence* 1.1250 (sayeth Some) Hugh Spencer, v∣surping the same held it during his life, by whose death it came a∣gaine to the handes of Edwarde the thirde, but in the meane time to wit, 1324. by a Counsaile holden at Vienna, all the landes of the Templars (least the same should be put to prophane vses) were giuen to the knightes Hospitelars of the order of S. Iohn Baptist, called S. Iohn of Iherusalem,* 1.1251 which knightes had put the Turke out of the Isle of Rhodes, and after wan vpon the said Turke dayly for a long time.

The saide Edward the thirde therefore granted the same to the saide knightes,* 1.1252 who possessed it,* 1.1253 and in the eighteenth yeare of the saide kinges raigne, were forced to repayre the Bridge of the saide Temple. These knightes had their head house for England by West Smithfielde, and they in the raigne of the same Edward the third granted (for a certaine rent of x.pound by the yeare) the said Temple,* 1.1254 with the appertenants therevnto adioyning, to the stu∣dents of the common Lawes of England: in whose possession the same hath euer sithence remained, and is now diuided into 2. hou∣ses of seuerall students, by the name of Innes of Court, to witte, the Inner Temple and the Middle Temple, who keep two seue∣ral Hals, but they resort al to y^• said Temple Church, in the round walke whereof (which is the West part without the Quire) there remaineth monuments* 1.1255 of Noble men there buried, to the number of xi.eight of them are Images of armed Knights, v.lying crosse legged, as men vowed to the holy land, against the infidels and vn∣beleeueing Iewes: the other three straight legged: the rest are coa∣ped stones all of gray Marble: the first of the crosse legged was William Marshall the elder Earle of Pembroke, who died 1219. William Marshall, his sonne Earle of Penbroke was the second, he died 1231. and Gilbert Marshall his Brother, Earle of Penbroke, slaine in a Turnement of Hertford, besides Ware, twentie miles from London, was the thirde he died in the

yeare 1241.

After this Robert Rose, otherwise called Fursan, being made a Templar in the yeare 1245. dyed and was buried there, and these are al that I can remember to haue read of. Sir Nicholas Hare, Maister of the Roles was buried there in the yere, 1557.

In the yeare 1581. the Rebelles of Essex, and of Kent, destroyed and plucked downe the houses and lodginges of this Temple, took out of the Church the bookes & Records* 1.1256 that were there in Hutches, of the Apprentizes of the Law, carried them in∣to the streetes, and there brent them, the house they spoiled and brent for wrath, that they bare Sir Robert Halles Lord Prior of S. Iohns in Smithfielde, but it was since againe at diuers times repayred, namely the gate house* 1.1257 of the Middle Temple in the r••igne of Henry the eight by Sir Amias Paulet knight, v∣pon occasion as in my Annales I haue shewed. The greate hall* 1.1258 of the Middle Temple, was new builded in the yeare 1572. in the raigne of our Queene Elizabeth.

This Temple Church hath a Maister, and foure Stipendarie, Priestes, with a Clarke, these for the ministration of diuine ser∣uice* 1.1259 there, haue stipendes allowed vnto them, out of the possessi∣ons and reuenewes of the late Hospitall and house of S. Iohns of Ierusalem in England, as it had beene in the raigne of Edward the sixt, and thus much for the saide New Temple the farthest west part of this warde, and also of this Citie for the Liberties thereof, which warde hath an Alderman, and his Deputies three: In Sepulchers parish common Counsaile six, Constables foure, Scauengers foure, Wardmote inquest twelue: S. Bridgetes parish, common Councellors eight, Constables eight, Scauen∣gers eight, Wardmote inquest, twentie: in S. Androwes common Councell two, Constables two, Scauen∣gers three, Wardmote inquest twelue. It is taxed to the fifteen in London, at 35.••. and in the Exchequer at 34.••.••0.••.

Bridge ward without (the 26. in num∣ber) consisting of the Borough of Southwarke in the Countie of Surrey.

HAuing treated of Wardes* 1.1260 in London, on the North side the Thames (in number 25.) I am now to crosse ouer the said Riuer into the Bo∣rough of Southwarke, which is also a Warde of London, without the walles, on the south side thereof, as is Portsoken on the East, and Faringdon extra on the West.

This Borough being in the countie of Surrey, consisteth of diuers stréetes, wayes, and winding lanes, all full of buildings, in∣habited: and first to begin at the West part thereof, ouer against the West suburbe of the Citie.

On the banke of the riuer Thames, there is now a continuall building of tenementes, about halfe a mile in length to the bridge. Then from the bridge straight towardes the South a continuall stréete, called long Southwarke, builded on both sides with diuers lanes and alleyes vp to S. Georges church, and beyond it through Blackman stréete, towardes new towne, (or Newington) the li∣berties of which Borough extend almost to the parish Church of New towne, aforesaid distant one mile from London bridge: and also Southwest almost to Lambith more then one mile from the said bridge. Then from the bridge along by the Thames East∣wardes is S. Olaues stréet* 1.1261 hauing continuall building on both the sides, with lanes and alleyes vp to Battle bridge, to Horsedowne, and towardes Rother hith: also some good halfe mile in length from London bridge.

So that I accompt the whole continual buildings on the banke of the said riuer, from the West towardes the East to be more then a large mile in length.

Then haue ye from the entring towards the saide Horsedowne one other continuall street called Bermondes eye stréete, which stretcheth South, likewise furnished with buildings on both sides, almost halfe a mile in length, vp to the late dissolued Monasterie

of S. Sauiour called Bermondsey. And from thence is one long lane (so called of the length) turning West to Saint Georges church afore named. Out of the which late mentioned long lane breaketh one other street towardes the South, and by East, and this is called Kentish stréet, for that it is the way leading into that countrey: and so haue you the boundes of this Borough.

The Antiquities most notable in this Borough are these: first for ecclesiasticall, there was Beremondsey, an Abbey* 1.1262 of blacke Monkes, S. Mary Oueries, a Priorie* 1.1263 of Channons Regular, S. Thomas a colledge or Hospitall* 1.1264 for the poore, & the Loke a Lazar house in Kent stréet. Parish churches* 1.1265 there haue béen 6. wherof 5. do remaine viz. S. Mary Magdalens in the Priorie of S. Mary Ouerie. Now the same S. Marie Ouery is the parish Church for the said Mary Magdalen, and for S. Margaret on the hill, and is called S. Sauiour.

S. Margaret on the hill being put downe, is now a Court for Iustice, S. Thomas in the Hospitall serueth for a parish Church as afore. S. George a parish church as before it did: so doeth S. Olaue, and S. Mary Magdalen by the Abbey of Bermondsey.

There be also these fiue prisons or gaoles.

The Clinke on the banke.

The Compter in the late parish Church of S. Margaret.

The Marshalsey.

The Kings Bench.

And the White Lyon, all in long Southwarke.

Houses most notable be these.

The Bishop of Winchesters house.

The Bishop of Rochesters house.

The Duke of Suffolkes house, or Southwarke place.

The Tabard, an Hosterie or Inne.

The Abbot of Hyde his house.

The Prior of Lewes his house.

The Abbot of S. Augustine his house.

The Bridge house.

The Abbot of Battaile his house.

Battaile bridge.

The Stewes on the banke of the Thames.

And the Beare gardens there.

Now to returne to the West banke, there be the two Beare∣gardens,* 1.1266 the old and new places wherein be kept Beares, Bulles, and other beastes, to be bayted. As also Mastiues in seuerall ke∣nels are there nourished to bait them. These Beares and other beastes are there bayted in plottes of grounde, scaffolded about for the beholders to stand safe.

Next on this banke was sometime the Bordello (or Stewes) a place so called,* 1.1267 of certaine stew* 1.1268 houses priuiledged there, for the repaire of incontinent men to the like women of the which priui∣ledge, I haue read thus.

In a Parliament holden at Westminster the 8. of Henry the second, it was ordayned by the commons and confirmed, by the King and Lordes, that diuers constitutions for euer should be kept within that Lordship or franchise, according to the old customes that had béene there vsed time out of mind. Amongst the which, these following were some, viz. That no stewholder or his wife should let or stay any single woman to go and come fréely at all times when they listed.

No stewholder to keepe any woman to borde, but she to borde abroad at her pleasure.

To take no more for the womans chamber in the wéeke then fourtéene pence.

Not to keepe open his dores vpon the holy daies.

Not to keepe any single woman in his house on the holy daies, but the Bailiefe to sée them voided out to the Lordship.

No single woman to be kept against her will that would leaue her sinne.

No stewholder to receiue any woman of religion, or any mans wife.

No single woman to take money to lie with any man, but she lie with him all night till the morrow.

No man to be drawne or inticed into any stewhouse.

The Constables, Bailife, and others euery weeke to search e∣uery stewhouse.

No Stewholder to keepe any woman that hath the perillous infirmitie of burning, nor to sell bread, ale, flesh, fish, wood, coale or any victuailes, &c.

These and many more orders were to be obserued, vpon great payne and punishment: I haue also séene diuers Pattents of con∣firmation,* 1.1269 namely one dated 1345. the ninetéenth of Edward the third. Also I find that in the fourth of Rychard the seconde, these Stewhouses belonging to VVilliam VValworth then Mayor of London, were farmed by Froes of Flaunders,* 1.1270 and were spoyled by Walter Teighler, and other rebelles of Kent: Notwithstanding I finde that ordinances for the the same place, and houses were againe confirmed in the raigne of Henry the sixt to be continued as before. Also Robert Fabian* 1.1271 writeth that in the yeare 1506. the 21. of Henry the seuenth, the said stewe¦houses* 1.1272 in Southwarke were for a season inhibited, and the dores closed vp, but it was not long (saith he) ere the houses there were set open againe for so many as were permitted, for (as it was said) whereas before were eightéene houses, from thenceforth were appointed to be vsed but twelue onely. These allowed stew∣houses had signes* 1.1273 on their frontes, towardes the Thames, not hanged out, but painted on the walles, as a Beares heade, the Crosse Keyes, the Gunne, the Castle, the Crane, the Cardinals Hatte, the Bell, the Swanne, &c. I haue heard auncient men of good credit report, that these single women were forbidden the rightes of the Church,* 1.1274 so long as they continued that sinfull life, and were excluded from Christian buriall, if they were not recon∣ciled before their death. And therefore there was a plot of ground, (called the single womans Churchyard) appointed for them, farre from the parish Church.

In the yeare of Christ 1546. the 37. of Henry the eight, this row of stewes in Southwarke was put downe* 1.1275 by the kings com∣mandement, which was proclaymed by sounde of Trumpet, no more to be priuiledged, and vsed as a common Bordell, but the inhabitantes of the same to keepe good and honest rule as in other places of this realme &c.

Then next is the Clinke, a Gayle or prison for the trespassers in those parts, Namely in old time for such as should brabble, frey,

breake the peace on the said banke, or in the Brothell houses, they were by the inhabitants there about apprehended, and committed to this Gayle, where they were straightly imprisoned.

Next is the Bishoppe of Winchesters house,* 1.1276 or lodging, when hee commeth to this Cittie: which house was first builded by William Gifford, Bishoppe of Winchester, about the 1107. the seuenth of Henry the first, vpon a plot of grounde pertayning to the Prior of Bermondsey, as appeareth by a writte directed vnto the Barons of the Exchequer, in the yeare one thousande thrée hundred sixtie sixe, the one and fortieth yeare of Edward the third, (the Bishops Sea being voide) for 8. ••. due to the Monkes Bermondsey, for the Bishop of Winchesters lodging in South∣warke. This is a very fayre house well repayred, and hath a large wharfe and landing place called the Bishoppe of Winchesters staires.

Adioyning to this on the South side thereof is the Bishoop of Rochesters* 1.1277 Inne or lodging by whome first erected, I doe not now remember mee to haue read, but well I wot the same of long time hath not béene frequented by any Bishop, and lyeth ruinous for lacke of reparations.

East from the Bishop of Winchesters house directly ouer against it, standeth a faire Church, called Saynt Mary, ouer the Rye, or Ouerie,* 1.1278 that is ouer the water. This Church or some other in place thereof was of olde time (long before the conquest) an house of sisters, founded by a maiden named Mary, vnto the which house and sisters she left (as was left to her by her parentes) the ouer∣sight, and profites of a crosse ferrie or trauerse ferrie ouer the Thames, there kept before that any bridge was builded. This house of sisters was after by Swithen, a noble Ladie, conuerted vnto a Colledge of Priestes, who in place of the ferrie builded a bridge of timber, and from time to time kept the same in good re∣parations, but lastly the same bridge was builded of stone, and then was this church againe founded for Channons Regular, by William Pont de le Arche, and William Dauncy, Knightes, Normans.

William Gifford Bishop of Winchester was a good benefactor

also: for hee (as some haue noted) builded the bodie of that church in the years 1106. the seuenth of Henry the first.

The Cannons first entred the said Church then.* 1.1279

King Henry the first by his Charter gaue them the church of S. Margaret in Southwarke.

King Stephen confirmed the gift of king Henry, and also gaue the stone house, which was Williams de Pont le Arche by Downegate.

This Priorie was burned about the yere 1207. wherefore the Chanons did found an Hospitall néere vnto their Priorie, where they celebrated vntill the Priorie was repaired: which Hospitall was after by consent of Peter de la Roch Bishop of Winchester remoued into the lande of Anicius Archdeacon of Surrey in the yeare 1228. a place where the water was more plentifull, and the ayre more holesome, and was dedicate to S. Thomas.

This Peter de Rupibus,* 1.1280 or de la Roche founded a large chap∣pell of S. Mary Magdalen* 1.1281 in the said Church of S. Mary Ouery, which Chappel was after appointed to be the parish church for the inhabitants neere adioyning.

This Church was againe newly builded, in the raigne of Ri∣chard the second and King Henry the fourth.

Iohn Gower* 1.1282 a learned Gentleman and a famous Poet, (but no knight as some haue mistaken it) was then as especiall bene∣factor to that worke, and was there buried on the North side of the said church vnder a tombe of stone, with his image also of stone lying ouer him: The haire of his heade aburne, long to his shol∣ders, but curling vp, a small forked bearde, and on his head a chap∣let, like a Coronet of foure Roses, therevpon an habite of purple, damasked downe to his féet, a collar of Esses gold about his necke, vnder his heade the likenesse of thrée bookes, which hee compiled. The first named Speculum Meditantis, written in French: The second Vox clamantis penned in Latine. The third Con∣fessio Amantis, set forth in English.

This Priorie was surrendred to Henry the eight, the 31. of his raigne, the 27. of October, the yeare of Christ 1539. and was valued at 624. pounde, sixe shillinges sixe pence by the yeare.

About Christmasse next following, the church of the saide Priorie was purchased of the King by the inhabitantes of the Borough. Doctor Stephen Gardiner Bishop of Winchester putting to his helping hande, they made thereof a parish church,* 1.1283 for the parish church of S. Mary Magdalen, on the south side of the said quire, and of S. Margaret on the hill which were made one parish of S. Sauiour.

There be monumentes in this Church of Robert Liliarde or Hiliarde Esquire, Margaret daughter to the Ladie Audley, wife to Sir Thomas Audley, Margaret wife to William Gre∣uell Esquire, and one of the heyres of William Spershut Esquire, William Greuel Esquire, Dame Katherine wife to Iohn Stoke Alderman, Robert Merfin Esquire, William Vndall Esquire, Lord Ospay Ferrar, Sir George Brewes Knight, Iohn Browne, Ladie Brandon, wife to Sir Thomas Brandon, William Lorde Scales, William Earle Warren, Dame Maud wife to Sir Iohn Peach, Lewknor, Dame Margaret Elrington, one of the heires of Sir Thomas Elrington, Iohn Bowden Esquire, Robert, S. Magill, Iohn Sandhurst, Iohn Gower Poet, Iohn Sturton E∣squire, Robert Rouse.

Now passing through S. Mary Ouers close,* 1.1284 (in possession of the Lord Mountacute) and Pepper Alley* 1.1285 into long Southwarke, on the right hand thereof the Market hill, where the leather is solde, there stood the late named parish church of S. Margaret,* 1.1286 giuen to S. Mary Oueries by Henry the first, put downe and ioyned with the parish of S. Mary Magdaline, and vnited to the late dissolued Priorie church of S. Mary Ouery.

A part of this parish church of S. Margaret is now a Court, & wherein the Assises & sessions be kept, and the Court of Admiraltie* 1.1287 is also there kept. One other part of the same church is now a pri∣son called the Compter in Southwarke,* 1.1288 &c.

Farther vp on that side, almost directly ouer against S. Georges church was sometime a large and most sumptuous house, builded by Charles Brandon late Duke of Suffolke, in the raign of Hen∣ry the eight, which was called Suffolke house,* 1.1289 but comming af∣terwardes into the Kinges hands, the same was called South∣warke place, and a Mint* 1.1290 of coynage was there kept for the king.

To this place came king Edward the sixt, in the seconde of his raigne, from Hampton Court, and dined in it. He at which time made Iohn Yorke one of the Sheriffes of London knight, and then rode through the cittie to Westminster.

Queene Mary gaue this house to Nicholas Heth Archbishop of Yorke, and to his successors for euer, so be their Inne (or lodg∣ing for their repaire to London in recompence of Yorke house neare to Westminster, which King Henry her father had taken from Cardinall Wolsey, and from the sea of Yorke.

Archbishop Heth hath sold the same house to a merchant, or to certaine merchants, that pulled it downe, sold the lead, stone, iron &c. And in place therof builded many small cottages of great rents, to the increasing of beggers in that Burrough. The Archbishop bought Norwich house, or Suffolke place, neere vnto Charing Crosse, because it was neere vnto the Court, and left it to his suc∣cessors. Now on the south side to returne back again towards the bridge. Ouer against this Suffolke lane is the parrish Church of S. George,* 1.1291 sometime pertayning to the Priorie of Barmondsey, by the gift of Thomas Arderne, and Thomas his sonne, in the yeare 1122. There lie buried in this Church William Kerton Esquire, and his wiues 1464.

Then is the white Lyon a Gaole* 1.1292 so called, for that the same was a common hosterie for the receit of trauellers by that signe: This house was first vsed as a Gaole within these fortie yeares last, since the which time the prisoners were once remoued thence to an house in Newtowne, where they remained for a short time, and were returned backe again to the foresaid White Lyon, there to remaine as in the appointed Gaole for the Countie of Surrey.

Next is the Gaole or prison of the kinges Benche,* 1.1293 but of what antiquitie the same is I knowe not. For I haue read that the Courts of the Kings Bench and Chauncery haue oft times béene remoued from London to other places, and so hath likewise the Gayles that serue those courtes, as in the yeare 1304, Edwarde the first commanded the Courtes of the kings Bench and the Ex∣chequer, which had remained seuen yeares at Yorke, to be remo∣ued to their old places at London. And in the yeare 1387. the 11. of Richard the 2. Robert Trasilian chief Iustice came to y^• city of

Couentry, and there sate by the space of a moneth, as Iustice of the kings Benches, and caused to be indighted in that Court, about the number of two thousand persons of that country, &c.* 1.1294

It séemeth therefore, that for that time, the prison or gayle of that court was not farre off. Also in the yeare 1392. the sixtéenth of the same Richard, the Archbishop of Yorke, beeing Lord Chaun∣celor, for good will that he bare to his citie, caused the Kings Bench and Chauncery to be remooued from London to Yorke, but ere long they were returned to London.

Then is the Marshalsey* 1.1295 an other Gayle or prison, so cal∣led, as pertayning to the Marshalles of England. Of what con∣tinuaunce kept in Southwarke I haue not learned: but like it is, that the same hath beene remoueable, at the pleasure of the Mar∣shalles: for I finde, that in the yeare, one thousand thrée hundred seuentie sixe, the fiftieth of Edward the third, Henry Percy (béeing Marshall) kept his prisoners in the citie of London, where hauing committed one Iohn Prendargest, of Norwiche, contrary to the li∣berties of the Cittie of London, the citizens (by perswasion of the Lord Fitzwalter theyr Standart-bearer) tooke Armour and ranne with great rage to the Marshalles Inne, brake vp the gates, brought out the prisoner, and conueyed him away, minding to haue brent the Stockes in the middest of their citie, but they first sought for sir Henry Percy to haue punished him, as I haue noted in my Annalles.

More, about the Feast of Easter next following, Iohn Duke of Lancaster, hauing caused all the whole Nauy of England, to bee gathered togither at London: It chaunced a certaine Esquire, to kill one of the ship men, which act, the other shipmen taking in ill part, they brought their suite into the kings court of the Marshalsey, which then as chaunsed (saith mine Author) was kept in South∣warke: but when they perceiued that Court to bee too fauoura∣ble to the murtherer, and further, that the Kings warrant was also gotten for his pardon, they in great furie ranne to the house, wherein the murtherer was imprisoned, brake into it,* 1.1296 and brought forth the prisoner, with his Gyues on his legges: then thrust they a knife to his heart, and sticked him, as if he had béene a

Hogge, then after this, they tyed a rope to his Gyues, and drew him to the gallowes, where when they hanged him, as though they had done a great act, they caused the Trompettes to bee soun∣ded before them to theyr Shippes, and there in great triumphe they spent the rest of the day.

Also the Rebels of Kent,* 1.1297 in the yeare 1381. brake downe the houses of the Marshalsey, and Kings Bench in Southwarke, tooke from thence the prisoners, brake downe the house of Sir Iohn Imworth, then Marshall of the Marshalsey, and Kings Bench, &c. After this, in the yeare, 1387. the eleuenth of Richard the second, the morrow after Bartholomewe day, the King kept a great Councell in the Castle of Nottingham, and the Marshalsey of the King, was then kept at Lugborough, by the space of sixe dayes or more. In the yeare 1443. Sir Walter Many was Marshall of the Marshalsey, the twentie two of Henry the sixt. In the yeare 1504 the prisoners of the Marshalsey (then in Southwarke) brake out, and many of them béeing taken, were executed, especially such as had béene committed for Felony or Treason. From thence, towards London Bridge, on the same side, be many fayre Innes, for re∣ceipt of trauellers, by these signes: the Spurre, Christopher, Bull, Quéenes head, Tabarde,* 1.1298 George, Harte, Kings head, &c. Amongst the which, the most auncient, is the Tabard, so called of the signe, which (as we now terme it) is of a Iacquit, or sléeuel••sse coat, whole before, opē on both sides, with a square collor, winged at the shoulders: a stately garment of olde time, com∣monly worne of Noble men and others, both at home and a∣broade in the Warres, but then (to witte in the warres) theyr Armes embrodered, or otherwise depicte vppon them, that euery man by his Coate of Armes might bee knowne from others: but now these Tabardes are onely worne by the Heraults, and bee called their coates of Armes in seruice: For the Inne of the Tabard, Geffrey Chauser* 1.1299 Esquire, the most fa∣mous Poet of England, in commendation thereof, in the raigne of E. the 3. writeth thus.

It befell in that season, on a day, In Southwarke at the Tabart, as I lay,

Ready to wend on my Pilgrimage, To Canterbury, with full deuout courage: That night was comen into the Hosterie, Well nine and twentie, in a companie: Of sundry folke, by aduenture yfall, In fellowship, and Pilgrimes were they all, That toward Canterbury, woulden ride, The stables and chambers, weren wide And well we were eased, at the best, &c.

Within this Inne was also the lodging of the Abbot of Hide, * 1.1300 (by the Citie of Winchester) a faire house for him and his traine, when he came to the citie to Parliament, &c.

Then next haue yée the Hospitall of Saint Thomas,* 1.1301 first foun∣ded by Richard Pryor of Bermondsey, in the Selerars ground a∣gainst the wall of the Monastery, in the yeare, 1213. hee named it the Almerie, or house of Almes, for conuarts and poore children, for the which ground, the Pryor ordained that the Almoner should paye tenne shillings foure pence yearely to the Selerar at Michael∣mas.

[year 1428] This Hospitall was againe new founded, by Peter de Rupi∣bous, * 1.1302 Bishop of Winchester, for Cannons, Regular, in place of the first Hospitall: hee increased the rent thereof, to thrée hundreth fortie foure pound by the yeare: thus was this Hospitall holden of the Pryor and Abbot of Bermondsey, till the yeare, one thousand foure hundred twentie eight, at which time a composition was made betwéene Thomas Thetforde, Abbot of Bermondsey, and Nicholas Buckland, Maister of the sayde Hospitall of Saint Thomas, for all the landes and Tenements which were holden, of the sayd Abbot and Couent in Southwarke, or else∣where, for the olde Rent to bee payde vnto the sayde Abbot and Co∣uent.

There bee the Monuments in this Hospitall Church, of Syr Robert Chamber Knight, William Fnes, Lord Saye, Richard Chaunar Esquire, Iohn Gloucestar Esquire, Adam Atwoode E∣squire, Iohn Warde Esquire, Michaell Cambridge Esquire, Wil.

West Esquire: Iohn Golding Esquire: Iohn Benham Gentleman: George Kirks gentlemā: Thomas Knynton gentleman: Thomas Baker Gentleman: Robert sonne to sir Thomas Fleming: Agnes Wife to Syr Walter Dennis Knight, daughter and one of the h••ires of Syr Robet Danvars: Iohn Euarey Gentle∣man, &c.

This Hospitall beeing in the yeare 1220. made to dispend thrée hundred fortie foure pound by the yeare, was by the visitors, in the yeare 1538. valued at 266. pound seuentéene shillings 6. pence, and was surrendred to Henry the 8. in the thirtieth of his raigne. In the yeare 1552. the citizens of London, hauing purchased the voyde suppressed Hospitall, of Saint Thomas in Southwarke, in the moneth of Iuly, began the reparations thereof, for poore, impo∣tent, lame, and diseased people, so that in the moneth of Nouember next following, the sicke and poore people, were taken in.* 1.1303 And in the yeare 1553. on the tenth of April, King Edward the sixt, in the seuenth of his raigne, gaue to the Mayor, Communaltie, and cittizens of London, to be a workehouse for the poore and idle persons of the ci∣tie, his house of Bride-well, and seuen hundred Markes lands, of the Sauoy rents (which Hospitall he had suppressed) with all the beddes, bedding, and other furniture belonging to the same, towards the maintenance of the said workehouse of Bridewell, and of this Hos∣pitall of Saint Thomas in Southwarke.* 1.1304 This gift, the King confirmed by his Charter, dated the twentie sixe of Iune, next following, and willed it to be called the Kings Hospitall in South∣warke.

The Church of this Hospitall, which of olde time serued for the Tenements neare adioyning and pertaining to the said Hospitall, remaineth now as it was before, a parish church.

But now to come to Saint Olaues stréete: on the Banke of the riuer of Thames, is the parish church of Saint Olaue,* 1.1305 a fayre and méetely large church, but a farre larger Parrish, especially of Aliens or Straungers, and poore people: in which Church, there lyeth intombed, Syr Iohn Burcettur Knight, 1466.

Ouer against this Parish Church, on the South side the Stréete, was somtime one great house builded of Stone,

with arched gates, pertained to the Prior of Lewes* 1.1306 in Suffex, and was his lodging when hee came to London: it is now a com∣mon hostery for trauellers, and hath to signe, the Walnut-trée. Then East from the said Parish church of Saint Olaue, is a Keye, In the yeare, 1330. by the license of Simond Swanlond, Mayor of London, builded by Isabell widow to Hamond Goodchepe. And next thereunto, was then a great house, of stone and timber, be∣longing to the Abbot of Saint Augustin,* 1.1307 without the walles of Can∣terburie, which was an auncient péece of worke, and séemeth to bee one of the first builded houses on that side the riuer, ouer against the citie: It was called y^• Abbots Inne of S. Augustine in Southwarke, and was sometime holden, of the Earles of Warren and Surrey, as appeareth by a déede, made 1281. which I haue read, and may bee Englished thus.* 1.1308

To all to whom this present writing shall come, Iohn Earle Warren, sendeth gréeting. Know yée, that we haue altogither remi∣sed, and quite claymed for vs and our heires for euer, to Nicholas Abbot of Saint Augustines of Canterburie, and the Couent of the same, and their successors, suite to our court of Southwarke, which they owe vnto vs, for all that Messuage and houses thereon builded, and all their appurtenances, which they haue of our Fée in South∣warke, scituate vpon the Thames, betwéene the Bridge-house, and church of Saint Olaue. And the said Messuage, with the buildings thereon builded, and all their appurtenances to them and their suc∣cessors, we haue graunted in perpetuall almes to hold of vs, and our heires, for the same: sauing the seruice due to any other persons, if any such bee, then to vs: and for this remitte and graunt, the said Abbot and couent, haue giuen vnto vs. 5. shillings of rent yeare∣ly in Southwarke, and haue receiued vs and our heires in all bene∣fices which shall bee in their church for euer. This suite of Court, one William Graspeis was bound to do to the said Earle, for the said Messuage: and heretofore to acquit in all things, the church of Saint Augustine, against the said Earle.

This house of late time, belonged to Sir Anthony Sentle∣gar, then to Warham Sentlegar, &c. And is now called Sentlegar house,* 1.1309 but diuided into sundrie tenements. Next is the Bridge∣house,* 1.1310 so called as being a Store house, for stone, timber, or whatso∣euer

pertaining to the building or repairing of London bridge.

This house séemeth to haue taken beginning, with the first founding of the bridge either of stone or timber: it is a large plot of ground, on the banque of the Riuer Thames: containing diuers large buil∣dings, for stowage of things necessarie, towards reparation of the said bridge.

There are also diuers Garners, for laying vp of Wheate, and other grayners for seruice of the Citie, as néede requireth.* 1.1311 Moreouer there be certaine Ouens builded in number tenne: of which sixe be very large, the other foure being but halfe so bigge. These were purposely made to bake out the bread corne of the sayd Grayners, to the best aduantage for reléefe of the poore Citizens, when néede should require. Sir Iohn Throstone knight, sometime an Embro∣theror, then a Goldsmith, one of the Sheriffes, 1516. gaue by his Testament towards the making of these Ouens, two hundreth pounde, which thing was performed by his Execu∣tors. Sir Iohn Munday Goldsmith, then being Mayor: there was of late, for the enlarging of the sayde Bridge-house,* 1.1312 taken in, an olde Brew-house, called Goldings, which was giuen to the Citie by George Monex, sometime•• Mayor, and in place thereof, is now a faire Brew-house newe builded,* 1.1313 for seruice of the Cittie with Béere.

Nexte, was the Abbotte Battailes Inne,* 1.1314 betwixt the Bridge-house, and Battaile Bridge, likewise on the banque of the riuer of Thames: the walkes and gardens thereunto appertaining, on the other side of the way, before the gate of the said house, and was called the Maze: There is now an Inne, called the Flower de Luce, for that the signe is thrée Flower de Luces. Much other buildings of small tenements are thereon builded, replenished with strangers and other, for the most part poore people.

Then is Battaile bridge,* 1.1315 so called of Battaile Abbey, for that it standeth on the ground, and ouer a water course (flowing out of Thames) pertaining to that Abbey, and was therefore both buil∣ded and repaired, by the Abbots of that house, as being hard adioy∣ning to the Abbots lodging.

Beyond this Bridge, is Bermondsey stréete,* 1.1316 turning South,

in the South end whereof, was sometime a Pryorie, or Abbey, of Saint Sauior, called Bermonds Eye in Southwarke, founded by Alwin Childe, a citizen of London, in the yeare, 1081.

Peter, Richard, Obstert, and Vmbalde Monkes, de Charitate came vnto Bermondsey, in the yeare 1089. and Peter was made first Pryor there, by appointment of the Pryor of the house, called Charitie in France: by which meanes, this Pryorie of Bermondsey (being a Cell to that in France) was accounted a Pryorie of Aliens. In the yeare, 1094. deceased Alwine Childe founder of this house. Then William Rufus gaue to the Moonks, his manor of Bermond∣sey, with the appurtenances, and builded for them there, a new great church.

Robert Blewet, Bishop of Lincolne (King Williams Chan∣celor) gaue them the mannor of Charlton, with the appurtenances. Also Geffrey Martell, by the graunt of Geffrey Magdauile, gaue them the land of Halingbury, and the tythe of Alferton, &c.

More, in the yeare 1122. Thomas of Arderne and Thomas his son, gaue to the Moonks of Bermonds* 1.1317 Eye, the Church of Saint George in Southwarke, &c. In the yeare, 1165. King Henry the se∣cond, confirmed to them the hyde or territorie of Southwarke, and Laygham Wadden, with the land of Coleman, &c. In the yeare 1371. the Pryories of Aliens, through out England, being seized into the Kings hands, Richard Denton an English man, was made Pri∣or of Bermondsey: To whom was committed the custodie of the said Pryory, by the letters patents of king E. the 3. sauing to y^• king, the aduowsons of churches. In the yeare, 1380. the 4. of Richard the 2. this Pryorie was made a Dinison (or frée English) for y^• fine of 200.* 1.1318 Markes, paide to the kings Hanaper in the Chauncery. In the yeare, 1399. Iohn Attelborough, Pryor of Bermondsey, was made the first Abbot of that house, by Pope Boniface the ninth, at the suite of King Richard the second.

In the yeare, 1417. Thomas Thetforde Abbot of Bermond∣sey, held a Plea in the Chauncery against the King,* 1.1319 for the manors of Preston, Bermondsey, and Stone, in the Countie of Summerset, in the which suite the Abbot preuailed, and recouered against the King.

In the yeare, 1539. this Abbey was valued to dispend by the yeare, foure hundred seuentie foure pound fouretéene shillings foure pence halfe penny, and was surrendred to Henry the eight, the one and thirtieth of his raigne: the Abbey church was then pul∣led downe, by sir Thomas Pope Knight, and in place thereof, a good∣ly house builded of stone and timber, now pertaining to the Earles of Sussex.

There are buried in that church, Sir William Bowes knight, and Dame Elizabeth his wife. Sir Thomas Pikeworth Knight: Dame Anne Audley: George, sonne to Iohn Lord Audley. Iohn Winkefield Esquire. Sir Nicholas Blonket knight. Dame Brid∣get, wife to William Trussell. Holgraue Baron of the Exche∣quer, &c.

Next vnto this Abbey church, standeth a proper church of S. Mary Magdalē,* 1.1320 builded by the Pryors of Bermondsey, seruing for the resort of the inhabitants, (tenants to the Pryor, or Abbots neare adioyning) there to haue their diuine seruice: this church remai∣neth and serueth as afore, and is called a Parish church.

Then in Kent stréete is a Lazer house,* 1.1321 for Leprous people: called the Loke in Southwarke: the foundation whereof I finde not. Now hauing touched diuers principall parts of this Borough, I am to speake somewhat of gouernment, and so to ende.

This Borough vpon petition made by the citizens of Lon∣don,* 1.1322 to Edward the first, in the first yeare of his raigne, was for di∣uers causes, by Parliament, graunted to them for euer, yeelding into the Exchequer the Fée firme, of tenne pound by the yeare: which grant was confirmed by Edward the 3. who in y^• third of his raigne, gaue them license to take a tole towards the charge of pauing the said Borough with stone.* 1.1323 Henry the fourth confirmed the graunt of his predecessors: so did Edward the 4. &c.

But in the yeare 1550. King Edward the 6. for the summe of sixe hundreth fortie seuen pound two shillings and one penny, payde into his court of Augmentations, & reuenewes of his crowne, granted to the Mayor and Communaltie, all his lands & tenements in Southwarke,* 1.1324 except & reserued the capitall Messuage, two man∣sions called Southwarke Place, late the Duke of Suffolkes, and all the gardens and lands to the same appertaining: the Parks

and the Messuage called the Antilope. Moreouer, he gaue them the Lordship and Mannor of Southwark,* 1.1325 with all members and rights thereof, late pertaining to the Monastery of Bermondsey. And all Messuages, places, buildings, rents, Courts, Waffes and streyes, to y^• same appertaining, in the Countie of Surrey, except as is before except. He also granted vnto them, his Manor & Borough of South∣warke,* 1.1326 with al the members, rights & appurtenances, late of the pos∣session of the Archbishop of Canterbury & his sea, in Southwarke. Moreouer for y^• sum of 500. Marks, he granted to y^• said Mayor and Communaltie, and their successors, in and through the Borough and Towne of Southwarke: And in all the Parishes of S. Sauiour, S. Olaue, and S. George, and the Parish of S. Thomas Hospitall, now called the Kings Hospitall: And elsewhere in the saide Towne and Borough of Southwarke, and Kentish streete, Bermondsey streete, in the Parish of Newington, All Waiffes and streyes, trea∣sure troue, All fellons goods, &c. within the Parrishes and precinct aforesaid, &c. The returne of writtes, processes, and warrants, &c. togither with a faire in* 1.1327 the whole Towne, for thrée dayes: to wit, the 7. 8. and 9. of September, yearly, with a Court of Pye-pow∣ders: A view of Franke pledge, with Attachments, Arrests, &c. Also to arrest all Fellons, and other Malefactors, within their precinct, and send them to Ward, and to Newgate. Prouided that nothing in that graunt should be preiudiciall to the Steward and Marshall of the Kings house. The same premisses to be holden of the Mannor of East Greenwitch, in the Countie of Kent, by fealtie in frée socage. Dated at Westminster the 23. day of Aprill, in the 4. of his raigne. All which was also confirmed by Parliament, &c. And the same year in the Whitson wéeke, in a Court of Aldermen, kept at the Guild-Hall of London, Syr Iohn Aylophe Knight, was sworne the first Alderman* 1.1328 of the Bridge Warde without, and made vp the number of 26. Aldermen of London.* 1.1329

This Borough at a subsidie to y^e king, yéeldeth about 1000. Marks, or 800. pounds, which is more then any one Citie in England pay∣••th, except the Citie of London. And also the Muster of men* 1.1330 in this Borough, doth likewise in number surpasse all other citties, except London. And thus much for the Borough of Southwarke: one of the 26. Wards of London: which hath an Alderman. Deputies 3.

and a Bayliffe. Common Councell none. Constables 16. Scauin∣gers 6. Wardmo••e Inquest 20. And is taxed to the fiftéen, at 17.li. 17.s.8.d.

The Suburbes without the Walles of the Citie, briefly touched. As also with∣out the Liberties, more at large described.

HAuing spoken of this citie, the originall, and in∣crease, by degrées. The Walls, Gates, Dich, Castles, Towers, Bridges, the Schooles and Houses of learning. Of the Orders and Cu∣stomes, Sports and Pastimes. Of the honour of Citizens, and worthinesse of the men. And last of all, how the same Citie. is diuided into parts and Wards. And how the same be boun∣ded. And what Monuments of antiquitie, or Ornaments of buil∣ding be in euery of thē, as also in the Borough of Southwarke. I am next to speak briefly of the Suburbs, as well without the gates and walles, as without the Liberties. And of the Monuments in them.

Concerning the estate of the Suburbs of this Citie, in the raigne of H. the 2. Eitz Stephens* 1.1331 hath these words. Upwards on the West (saith he) is the Kings Pallace, which is an incomparable building, rising with a Uawmure & Bulwark. Aloft vpon the riuer, two myles from the wall of the citie, but yet conioyned with a continuall Su∣burbe. On all sides, without the houses of the Suburbes, are the ci∣tizens Gardens and Orchards, planted with trées, both large, sight∣ly, and adioyning togither. On the North side, are pastures, & plaine medows, with brookes running through them, turning water mils, with a pleasant noyse. Not far off, is a great Forrest, A well wodded Chase, hauing good couert for Harts, Buckes, Does, Boores, and wilde bulles. The corne fields are not of a hungry sandie mould, but as the fruitfull fields of Asia: yéelding plentifull encrease, and filling the barnes with corne. There are neare London on the North side, especiall welles in the Subburbes, swéete, holesome, and cleare. A∣mongst which, Holywell, Clarkenwell, and S. Clemons well, are

most famous, and most frequented, by schollers & youthes of y^• citie in Summer euenings, when they walke forth to take the ayre. Thus farre out of Fitz Stephen, for the Subburbes at that time.* 1.1332 The 2. yeare of H. the 3. the Forrest of Midlesex, and the Warren of Stanes were disaforested: since the which time, the Subburbs about London hath bin also mightily increased with buildings: for first, to begin in the East, by the Tower of London,* 1.1333 is the Hospitall of S. Kathren, founded by Matilde the Quéene, wife to King Stephen, as is afore shewed in Porsoken Warde, from this Precinct of Saint Kathren, to Wapping in the Wose, and Wapping it selfe, (the vsuall place of Execution for the hanging of Pyrates and sea Rouers, at the lowe water marke, and there to remaine, till thrée Tydes had ouerflowed them) and neuer a house standing within these fortie yeares, but is now made a continuall stréete, or ra∣ther a filthy straight passage, with Lanes and Allyes, of small Tenements inhabited by Saylors, and Uictuallers, along by the Riuer of Thames, almost to Radliffe, a good myle from the Tower.

Now on the East side, and by North of the Tower, lyeth East-Smithfield, Hogs stréete, and Tower hill: and East from them both, was the New Abbeycalled Grace, founded by Edward the third. From thence towards Radliffe, vp East Smithfielde, by Nightingale Lane* 1.1334 (which runneth South by the Hermitage,* 1.1335 to Wapping) to the maner of Brambley, called in the records of Ri∣chard the second, Vila East Smithfield, and Villa de Bramb∣ley.

Not farre from thence, of very late, (where of olde time, stoode the mannor of Shadwell,* 1.1336 be∣longing to the Deane of Powles, there haue béene raised many small Tenements towards Radliffe:* 1.1337 and Radliffe it selfe, hath bin so increased in building Eastward (in place where, I haue knowne faire hedges, long rowes of Elme, and other trées) that the same haue now taken hold of Lime hurst,* 1.1338 (or Lime hoste it selfe) commonly called Lime house, sometime distant a mile from Radliffe, &c.

Now for Tower hill:* 1.1339 the plaine there, is likewise greatly dimi∣nished, by incrochments for building of small tenements, and ta∣king in of garden plots, timbaryars, or what they list.

From this Tower Hill towards Aldegate, (being a long continu∣all streete) amongst other buildings, was that Abbey of Nunnes, called the Minorities, or Minories, whereof I haue spoken. And on the other side of that stréete, lyeth the Ditche, without the wall of the Citie, from the Tower vnto Aldegate.

From Aldegate East,* 1.1340 againe lyeth a large stréete, replenished with buildings: to wit, on the North side, the parish church of Saint Buttolphe, and so other buildings to Hog Lane, and to the Barres on both the sides. Also without the Barres, both the sides of the stréet be pestered with Cotages & Allies, euen vp to white Chapple church: and almost halfe a myle beyond it, into the common field: all which ought to lye open & frée for all men. But this common field, I say, be∣ing sometimes the beautie of this Citie on that part, is so incroched vpon by building of filthy Cotages, and with other prepesterous like inclosures and Laystalles, (that notwithstanding all Proclamations and Acts of Parliament made to the contrary) that in some places it scarce remaineth a sufficient high way for the méeting of Carriages and droues of Cattel, much lesse is there any faire, pleasant, or whol∣some way for people to walk on foote: which is no small blemish to so famous a citie, to haue so vnsauery and vnséemly an entry or passage therunto. Now of white Chaple* 1.1341 Church somwhat, & thē back again to Aldegate. This church is as it were a chapple of ••ase, to the parish of Stebinhithe, and the Parson of Stebinhithe hath the gift therof: which being first dedicated to the name of God, and the blessed Uir∣gin, is now called S. Mary Matfellon,* 1.1342 vpon this occasiō following. About the yeare 1428. the 6. of King H. the 6. A deuout Widow* 1.1343 of that parish had long time cherished, and brought vp of Almes, a cer∣taine Frenchman or Briton borne, which most vnkindly & cruelly, in a night murthered the said widow sléeping in her bed, and after fled with such Iewels & other stuffe of hers as he might carry: but he was so freshly pursued, that for feare he tooke the church of S. George in Southwarke, and challenged priuiledge of Sanctuary there, and so abiured y^e Kings land. Then the Constables (hauing charge of him) brought him into London, intending to haue conueyed him East∣ward) but so soone as he was come into the Parish, where before he had committed the murther, the wiues cast vpon him so much filth and ordure of the stréete, that (notwithstanding the best resistance

made by the Constables,) they slew him out of hand: And for this fact, that Parish purchased the name of Mary Mat-fellon. Now againe from Algegate, Northwest to Bishops gate,* 1.1344 lyeth Howndes Ditche, and so to Bishops gate. North and by East from Bishops gate, lyeth a large stréete or high way, hauing on the West side ther∣of, the Parish church of S. Buttolphe. Then is the Hospitall of S. Mary of Bethelem, founded by a citizen of London, as before is shewed. Thence vp to the Barres, and to Norton fall gate* 1.1345 (a liber∣tie so called, belonging to the Deane of Powles. Thence also vp to the late dissolued Priory of S. Iohn Baptist, called Holywell,* 1.1346 a house of Nuns, of olde time founded by a Bishop of London: reedi∣fied by Sir Thomas Louell, brought vp in Lincolne•• Inne, who builded much there. And in this place, in the raignes of H. the 7. and H. the 8. he endowed this house with faire landes, and was there buried in a large chapple by him builded for that purpose. This Prio∣ry was valued at the suppression, to haue of landes 293.li. by yeare, and was surrendred 1539. in the 31. of H. the 8. The church ther∣of being pulled downe, many houses haue bene their builded for the lodgings of Noble men, of straungers borne, and other. And neare thereunto, are builded two publique houses for the acting and shewe of Comedies, Tragedies, and Histories, for recreation. Whereof the one is called the Courtein,* 1.1347 the other the Theatre:* 1.1348 both standing on the Southwest side towards the field.

From Hollywell in the high stréete, is a continuall building of Tenements to Sors Ditche, or Sewers Ditche, sauing one small side of a fielde, alreadie made a Gardein plotte. Ouer against the North corner of this field, betwéene it and the church of S. Leonarde in Soersditch, sometime stood a Crosse, now a Smithes Forge,* 1.1349 diuiding thrée wayes: foorth right the high way, is builded vpon either side, more then a good flight shot, towards Kings Land, Newington, Totenham, &c.

On the left hand is Ealdestréete, which reacheth West to a stone Crosse, ouer against the North ende of Grubstréete, and so to the end of Goswell stréet. On the right hand of this Ealdestréete, not farre from Soers Ditch, but on the North side thereof is Hox∣ton,* 1.1350 a long stréete, with houses on both sides, and is a Prebend be∣longing to Powles church in London, but of Soers ditch parish.

On the right hand beyond Soersditch Church toward Hack∣ney, are some late builded houses vpon the common soyle (for it was a Laystall) belonging to the Parish of Stebinhithe. On the other side of the high way, from Bishopsgate and Hownsditch, the first building is a large Inne for receipt of Trauellers: then a faire house lately builded by the Lorde Iohn Powlet. Next to that, a large house, with Gardens of pleasure, builded by Iasper Eisher. From this vp to the West ende of Hog Lane, is a continuall building of small cottages.

Then was the Hospitall called Saint Mary Spittle, harde within the Barres, whereof I haue spoken, in Bishopsgate Ward. From the which Barres towards Soersditch, is all along a conti∣nued building of small and base Tenements, for the most part lately erected. Amongst the which (I meane of the auncientest buil∣dings) was one rowe of proper small houses* 1.1351 with Gardens for poore decaied people, there placed by the Pryor of the saide Hospitall: euery one Tennant whereof, paide one penny Rent by the yeare at Christmas: and dyned with the Pryor on Christmas day: but after the suppression of the Hospitall, these houses (for want of re∣parations) in fewe yeares were so decaied, that it was called Rot∣ten Rowe:* 1.1352 and the poore worne out (for there came no new in their place) the houses were solde from Goddard, to Russell a Draper, who new builded them, and let them out for Rent inough, taking also large Fines of the Tenants, (which some thinke to be neare as much as the houses cost him in the purchase, and building: for he made his bargaines so hardly with all men, that both Carpen∣ter, Bricklayer, and Playsterer, were by that worke vtterly vn∣done. And yet in honour of his name, it is now called Russels Rowe.

Now for the Parish of S. Leonards at Soersditch,* 1.1353 the Arch∣deacon of London, is alwaies Parson thereof, and the Cure is ser∣ued by a Uicure. In this Church haue bene diuers honourable per∣sons buried, as appeareth by their Monuments* 1.1354 yet remaining. Not∣withstanding that of late, one Uicure there for couetousnesse of the brasse which he cōuerted into coyned siluer, plucked vp many plates fixed on the graues, and left no memorie of such as had bene buried vnder them: A great iniurie both to the liuing and the dead, forbid∣den

by publicque proclamation, in the raigne of our soueraigne Ladie the Quéene that now is: but not forborne by many, that ey∣ther of a preposterous zeale, or of a greedie minde, spare not to sa∣tisfie themselues, by so wicked meanes.

Now wil I passe through the Hospitall of S. Mary Bethelem, into Moore fielde, which lyeth without the Posterne called Moore∣gate.* 1.1355 This field of olde time was called the Moore. As appeareth by the Charter of William Conqueror, to the Colledge of S. Martin: declaring a runnning water to passe into the Citie from the same Moore. Also Fitz Stephen writeth of this Moore, saying thus. When the great Fenne or Moore, which watereth the walles on the North side is frozen, &c.* 1.1356 This Fen or Moore field, stretching from the wall of the citie, betwixt Bishopsgate and the Posterne called Criples gate, to Fensberry, and so to Holywell, continued a waste and vnprofi∣table grounde, a long time, so that the same was all letten for foure Markes the yeare, in the raigne of Edward the 2. But in the yeare 1415. the 3. of Henry the 5. Thomas Fawconer Mayor, as I haue shewed, caused the wall of the Citie to be broken toward the saide Moore, and builded the Posterne called Mooregate, for the ease of the Citizens, to walke that way vpon Causwayes into the fieldes towards Iseldon and Hoxton. Moreouer, he caused the Ditche of the Citie, and other Ditches thereabout, to be new cast and clensed, by meane whereof, the said Fen or Moore was greatly dreyned and dried. And shortly after, to wit, 1477. Raphe Ioceline Mayor, for repairing of the wall of this Cittie, caused the saide Moore to bee searched for Clay and Bricke to be brent there, &c. by which means this field was made the worse for a long time.

In the yeare 1498. all the Gardens which had continued time out of minde, without Mooregate,* 1.1357 to wit, about, and beyond the Lordship of Fensberry, were destroyed. And of them was made a plaine field for Archers so shoote in. And in the yeare 1512. Roger Archley Mayor, caused diuers Dikes to be cast, and made to drene the waters of the saide Moore fields,* 1.1358 with Bridges Arched ouer them, and the grounds about to be leuelled, whereby the saide fielde was made somewhat more commodious, but yet it stood full of noysome waters: Wherepon in the yeare 1527.

Sir Thomas Semor Mayor, caused diuers Slewces* 1.1359 to be made, to conuey the sayde waters, ouer the Towne Ditch, into the course of Walbrooke, and so into the Thames: and by these degrées, was this Fenne or Moore, at length made maine and hard ground, which before béeing ouergrowne with Flagges, Sedges, & Rushes, serued to no vse, since the which time, also the further groundes beyond Fensbury Court, haue béene so ouerheigthned with Laystalles of Doong, that now thrée windmilles are thereon:* 1.1360 the ditches be fil∣led vp, and the bridges ouerwhelmed.

And now concerning the inclosures of common grounds about this citie: Edward Hall setteth downe a note of his time, to wit, in the 5. or rather the sixt of Henry the eight. Before this time saith he, the inhabitants of the Townes about London, as I••eldone, Hox∣ton, Shorsdich and others, had so inclosed the common fieldes with hedges, and diches, that neither the young men of the citie might shoote, nor the auncient persons walke for their pleasures in those fieldes,* 1.1361 but that eyther their Bowes and Arrowes were taken a∣way or broken, or the honest persons arested or indighted: Saying, that no Londoner ought to goe out of the Cittie, but in the high wayes. This saying so greeued the Londoners, that suddainly this yeare, a great number of the Citie, assembled themselues in a mor∣ning, and a Turner in a fooles coate, came crying through the cittie, shouelles and spades, shouelles and spades: so many of the people followed, that it was a woonder to behold: and within a short space al the hedges* 1.1362 about the Citie were cast downe, and the diches filled vp, and euery thing made plaine, such was the diligence of these worke∣men. The kings counsaile hearing of this assembly, came to the gray Fryers, and sent for the Mayor, and councell of the citie, to know the cause, which declared to them, the iniurie and annoying done to the citizens, and to their liberties, which though they would not séeke disorderly to redresse, yet the communaltie and young persons could not be stayed, thus to remedy the same: whē the kings counsaile had heard their answer, they dissimuled the matter, and commanded the Mayor to sée that no other thing were attempted, but that they should forthwith call home the yoonger sort: who hauing spée∣dily atchieued their desire, returned home before the Kings Councell, and the Mayor departed without more harme,

after which time (saieth Hall,) these fieldes were neuer hedged, but now wee see the thing in worse case then euer, before it was by the meanes of inclosure for gardens,* 1.1363 wherein are builded many fayre Sommer houses, and as in other places of the Suburbes, some of them like Midsommer Pageants, with Towers, Turrets and Chimney tops, not so much for vse, or profites, as for shew and pleasure, bewraying the vanitie of many mens mindes, much vnlike to y^e dispositiō of the ancient Citizens, who delighted in the building of Hospitalles, and Almes houses for the poore and therein both imployed their wits, and spent their wealthes in pre∣ferment of the common commoditie of this our Citie.

But to come backe againe to Moregate and from thence west through a narrow lane called the Posterne, because it hath at eyther ende a dore to bee shut in the night season, betwixt the More ditch inclosed with bricke for Teyntar yards, and the Gar∣dens of the said More fielde, to More lane: a parte of the Sub∣urbe, without Criples gate,* 1.1364 and without this Posterne called Criples gate, also lay a part of the saide More euen to the riuer of the Wels (as in another place I haue shewed) and no houses were there builded, till the later ende of the raigne of William the Conqueror and the raigne of his sonne William Rufus, aboute which times some few houses being there builded along east and west thwart before the saide gate. One Alfune builded for the Inhabitants a parish Church which is of S. Giles* 1.1365 somewhat west from the saide gate, on the banke of the Towne ditch, and so was there a streete since called Forstreete, as standing before the gate.

This Alfune in the raigne of Henry the first became the first Hospitaler of S. Bartilmewes Hospital in Smithfielde, as in a∣nother place I haue noted. And this Parish church of S. Giles being at the first a smal thing stoode in place where now standeth the Uicarage house: but hath beene since at diuers times much enlarged according as the parish hath encreased, and was at the length newly builded in place where now it, standeth. But the same new church being large, stronglie builded and richly furnish∣ed with ornamentes, was in the yeare 1545. sore brent and con∣sumed, notwithstanding it was againe within a short space of

time restored as now it sheweth.

Some little distance from the east end of this Church, standeth a fayre Conduite castellated in Forstreete. Then had yee a Bosse of sweete water in the wall of the Church yarde now lately made a Pumpe, but already decayed.

Then had yee a fayre Poole of sweete water neare to the Church of S. Giles wherein Anne of Lodbery was drowned as I haue before declared.

In the east end of Forestreete is More lane, then next is Grubstreete, of late yeares inhabited (for the most part by Bow∣yers, Fletchers, Bowstring makers, and such like, occupations, now little occupied, Archerie giuing place to a number of Bow∣ling Allies and dycing houses in all places are increased, and too much frequented.

This streete stretcheth north to Euerades well streete* 1.1366 which thwarteth it to White Crosse streete, the next from Forestreete North is White Crosse streete, likewise extending it selfe vp to the west end of Euerades well streete, and from the ende thereof to Ealdstreete.

From the west ende of Forstreete lyeth Red crosse street from the which Crosse on the right hand east lyeth Bech lane, and reacheth to the White crosse street. From that Crosse north ly∣eth Golding lane* 1.1367 which stretcheth vp to a Crosse in Ealdestreete which Golding lane on both the sides is replenished with many Tenementes of poore people.

On the left hand and west of the Red Crosse lyeth a streete of old time, called Houndes ditch, and of later time named Barbi∣can, of such cause as I haue before noted. And thus haue you all the suburbe without Criplegate being almost altogether in the parish of S. Giles which hath more then 1800. Householders, and aboue 4000. Communicantes.

Without Aldersgate on the left hand is the parish Church of S. Buttolph on the north side of the which church lyeth a way called Little Britaine streete, towardes the Priorie of Saint Bartlemew in Smithfielde, but the high way without Alders∣gate* 1.1368 runneth straight north from the saide gate vnto Houndes ditch or Barbican streete on the right hand, and Long lane of the left hand which runneth into Smithfielde.

Then from the farther ende of Aldersgate streete, straight north to the Barre is called Goswell street replenished with smal Tenementes, Cottages and Allies, Gardens banqueting houses, and Bowling places.

Beyond these Bars, leauing the Charterhouse on the left hand or the west side the way stretcheth vp towardes Iseldon, and on the right hand, or east side at a red Crosse turneth into Ealdstreet* 1.1369 (so called, for that it was the old high way from Aldersgate streete for the northeast partes of England before Bishopsgate was buil∣ded) which streete runneth East to a Smithes Forge, sometime •• Crosse before Shoreditch Church from whence the Passengers and Carriages were to turne North to Kinges land, Totenham, Waltham, Ware, &c.

There was sometime in this suburbe without Aldersgate an Hospitall* 1.1370 for the poore, but an Alien of Cluny, a French order and therefore suppressed by king Henry the fift, who gaue y^• house with landes and goods, to the parish of S. Buttolph and a Bro∣therhoode of the Trinitie was there founded which was afterward suppressed by Henry the eight or Edwarde the sixt.

There is at the farthest north corner of this Suburbe a wind∣mill which was sometime by a Tempest of winde ouerthrowne and in place thereof a Chappell was builded by Queene Kathe∣rine (first wife to Henry the eight,) who named it the mount* 1.1371 of Caluerie, because it was of Christes passion, and was in the end of Henry the eight pulled downe, and a Windmill newly set vp as afore.

Without Newgate lyeth the west, and by North Suburbe,* 1.1372 on the r••ght hand or Northside whereof betwixt the saide gate and the Parish of S. Sepulchre turneth a way towards west Smith∣fielde, called as I haue shewed Giltspurre streete, or Knightridars, street, then is Smithfielde it selfe compassed about with buildinges as I haue before declared in Faringdon warde without.

And without the Barre of west Smithfield lyeth a large stréet or way called of the house of S. Iohn the••e S. Iohns streete* 1.1373 and stretcheth towarde Iseldon, on the right hand whereof stoode the late dissolued Monasterie, called the Charter house founded by Sir VValter Many knight, a stranger borne Lord of the towne of

Many in the Dioces of Cambrey, beyond the seas, who for seruice done to king Edwarde the third was made knight of the Garter. This house* 1.1374 he founded vpon this occasion, a great Pestilence en∣tring this Iland, began first in Dorset shire, then proceeded into Deuonshire, Somerset shire, Glocester shire, and Oxforde shire, and at length came to London, and ouerspread all England, so wasting the people, that scarse the tenth person of all sortes was left aliue, and Churchyards were not sufficient to receiue the dead but men were forced to chuse out certain fieldes for burials, where∣upon Ralph Stratforde Bishop of London, in the yeare 1348. bought a peece of ground called no mans land,* 1.1375 which he inclosed with a wall of Bricke and dedicated for buriall of the deade, buil∣ded thereupon a proper Chappell, which is now enlarged and made a dwelling house, as this burying plot is, became a fayre Garden, retayning the olde name of Pardon Church yarde.* 1.1376

After this in the yeare 1349. the saide Sir Walter Many in re∣spect of danger that might befall in this time of so great a plague and infection, purchased thirteene acres and a rode of ground ad∣ioyning to the said no mans land, and lying in a place called Spit∣tle Crost, because it belonged to S. Bartilmewes Hospitall, since that called the New Church Haw, and caused it to be consecrated by the saide Bishop of London, to the vse of Burialles.

In this plot of ground there was in that yeare more then 50000. persons buried, as I haue reade in the Charters of Ed∣warde the thirde: Also I haue seene and read an inscription fixed on a stone crosse, sometime standing in the same Church yard and hauing these wordes: Anno Domini 1349. regnante magna pestilentia consecratum fuit hoc coemiterium, in quo & infra septa presentis m••nasterii sepulta fuerunt mor∣tuo••um corpora plusquam quinquaginta millia, praeter alia multa abhinc, vsque ad presens, quorum animabus propiti∣etur Deus, Amen. In consideration of the number of Christian people here buried, the saide Sir VValter Many caused first a Chappell to be builded, where for the space of 23. yeares offe∣ringes were made, and in the yeare 1371. hee caused there to bee founded an house of Carthusian Monkes, which hee willed to be called the Salutation, and that one of the Monkes should be called

Prior, and he gaue them the saide place of thirteene Acres and a Rode of land with the Chappell, and houses there builded for their habitation: But the three Acres of land lying without the walles on the north part betwixt the landes of the Abbote of Westmin∣ster, the landes of the Prior of S. Iohn, (which three Acres were purchased, inclosed and dedicated by Ralph Stratforde Bishop of London, as is afore shewed,) remained till our time, by the name of Pardon Church yard, & serued for burying of such as desperately ended their liues, or were executed for Felonies, who were fetched thether vsually in a close cart, vayled ouer and couered with blacke, hauing a plaine white Crosse thwarting, and at the fore ende a S. Iohns Crosse without, and within a Bell ringing whereby the Cart might be heard when it passed, and this was called the Frery Cart, which belonged to S. Iohns, and had the priueledge as Sanctuarie. In this Charter house be the monumentes of the saide Sir VValter Many and Margaret his wife, Marmeduke Lumley, Lawrence Brumley, knight, Sir Edwarde Heder∣set knight, Sir William Many knight, Dame Iahan Borough Iohn Dore, Want water knight, Robert Olney Esquier, Ka∣theren daughter to Sir VVilliam Babington knight, Blanch daughter to Hugh Waterton, Katherine wife to Iohn at Poote daughter and heire to Richarde Lacie, VVilliam Rawlin, Sir Iohn Lenthaine and Dame Margaret his wife, daughter to Iohn Fray, Iohn Peake Esquier, William Baron, and William Baron Esquier, Sir Thomas Thawites knight.

In the Cloystrie monuments of Bartilmew Rede knight, Mai∣or of London, buried 1505. Sir Iohn Popham &c.

This Monastery at the suppression in the 29. of Henry the 8. was valued at 642 ••. foure pence halfepenny yearely.

A little without the Bars of west Smithfielde is Charter house lane* 1.1377 so called, for that it leadeth to the said plot of the late dissolued monasterie in place whereof, first the Lord North, but since Thomas Howarde late Duke of Norfolke, haue made large and sumptuous buildinges both for lodging and pleasure. At the gate of this Charterhouse* 1.1378 is a fayre water Conduite with two Cockes seruing the vse of the neighbors to their greate com∣moditie.

Saint Iohns streete from the entring this lane is also on both the sides replenished with buildinges vp to Clarken well. On the left hand of which streete lyeth a lane called Cow crosse,* 1.1379 of a crosse sometime standing there, which lane turneth downe to another lane called Turnemill streete which stretcheth vp to the west side of Clarken well, and was called Turnemill streete, for such cause as is afore declared.

One other lane there is called S. Peters lane, which turneth from S. Iohns streete to Cow Crosse.

On the left hand also stoode the late dissolued Priorie of S. Iohn of Ierusalem* 1.1380 in England, founded aboute the yeare of Christ, 1100. by Iorden Brises Baron and Muriell his wife, neare vnto Clarkes well besides w••st Smithfielde, which Brian hauing first founded the Priory of Nuns at Clarkes well bought of them ten acres of land, giuing them in exchange ten acres of land in his Lordshippe of Welling hal in the County of Kent, S. Iohns church was dedicated by Eraclius Patriarke of the whole resur∣rection of Christ at Ierusalem, in the yeare 1185. and was the chiefe seate in England of the religious knightes of S. Iohn of Ierusalem, whose profession was besides their dayly seruice of God to defend Christians against Pagans, and to fight for the Church, vsing for their habite a blacke vpper garment, with a white crosse on the fore parte thereof, and for their good seruice was so highly esteemed, that when the order of Templars was dissolued, their landes & possession•• were by Parliament granted vnto these, who after the losse of Ierusalem recouered the Isle of Rodes from the Turke, and there placed themselues, being cal∣led thereof for many yeares knightes of the Rhodes, but after the losse thereof 1523. they remoued to the Isle of Malta, manful∣ly opposing themselues against the Turkish inuasions.

The Rebels of Essex and of Kent 1381, set fire on this house, causing it to burne by the space of seauen dayes together, not suffering any to quench it, since the which time the Priors of that house haue new builded both the Church and houses there∣unto appertayning, which church was finished by Thomas Doc∣wrey late Lord Prior there, about the yeare 1504. as appeareth by the inscription ouer the Gate house, yet remaining, this house

at the suppression in the 32. of Henry the eight, was valued to dispend in landes 3385.••.19. ••. 8.••. yearely, Sir VVilliam Weston being then Lord Prior, dyed on the same seuenth of May, on which the house was suppressed, so that great yearely pensions being granted to the knights by the king, and namely to the Lord Prior during his life 1000.••. he neuer receiued pennie.

The king tooke into his handes all the landes that belonged to that house and that order wheresoeuer in England, and Ireland, for the augmentation of his Crowne.

This Priorie Church and house, of S. Iohn was preserued from spoile, or down pulling, so long as king Henry the eight, raigned, and was imployed as a store house for the kinges toyles and tentes, for hunting, and for the wars &c. but in the thirde of king Edwarde the sixt, the Church for the most part, to wit the body and side Isles with the great Bell Tower (a most curi∣ous peece of workemanshippe, grauen, guilt, and inameled to the greate beutifiyng of the Citie, and passing all other that I haue seene) was vndermined and blowne vp, with Gunpowder, the stone thereof was imployed in building of the Lorde Protectors house at the Strand: that part of the Quire which remained with some side Chappels, was by Cardinall Poole in the raigne of Queene Mary, closed vp at the west end, and otherwise repayred, and Sir Thomas Tresham knight was then made Lorde Prior there, restitution of some lands, but the same was againe suppres∣sed in the first yeare of Queene Elizabeth.

There was buried in this Church Brethren of that house, & knightes of that order, William Begecote Richarde Barrow Iohn Vanclay, Thomas Launcelen, Iohn Mallore, William Turney, VVilliam Hulles, Hils, or Hayles, Iohn Weston, Re∣dington VVilliam Longstrother, Iohn Langstrother, Willi∣am Tong, Iohn Wakeline. Then of other Thomas Thornburgh Gentleman, VVilliam VVest Gentleman, Iohn Fulling, and Adam Gill Esquiers, Sir Iohn Mortimor and Dame Elianor his wife, Nicholas Siluerston, William Plompton Esquier, Margaret Tong, and Isabel Tong, Walter Bellingham, alias Ireland, king of Armes of Ireland, Thomas Bedle Gentleman, Katheren daughter of William Plompton Esquier, Richarde

Turpin Gentleman, Iohan Wife to Alexander Dikes, Iohn Bottle, and Richarde Bottle Esquiers, Rowland Darcie, Richarde Sutton Gentleman, Richarde Bottill Gentleman, Sir William Harpden knight, Robert Kingston Esquier, and Margery his wife, Iohn Roch, Richarde Cednor Gentleman, Symon Mallory Esquier, 1442. William Mallorie Esquier, Robert Longstrother Esquier, Ralph Asteley Esquier, VVil∣liam Marshall, Esquier, Robert Sauage Esquier, Robert Gon∣dall Esquier, and Margery his wife, William Babthorpe Ba∣ron of the Exchequer 1442.

Beyond this house of S. Iohns north from the house was the Priorie of Clarken well so called of Clarkes well adioyning, which Priorie was also founded aboute the yere 1100. by Iorden Briset Baron the sonne of Ralph, the sonne of Brian Bryset: who gaue to Robert a Priest, foureteene Acres of land lying in the fielde next adioyning to the saide Clarkes well,* 1.1381 thereupon to builde an house of religious persons, which hee builded to the ho∣nor of God, and the Assumption of our Lady, and placed therein Black Nuns, this Iorden Briset gaue also to that house one peece of ground, thereby to builde a Windmill vppon &c. hee and Muri∣all his wife were buried in the Chapter house there, and there lye buried in this Church Iohn Wikes Esquier, and Isabell his wife, Dame Agnes Clifforde, Ralph Timbleby Esquier, Dame Iahan Baronnesse of Greystocke, Dame Iahan Lady Ferrars &c. This house was valued to dispend 262.••. 19.•• by yeare, and was surrendred in the 31. of Henry the eight. Many fayre houses for Gentlemen and others, are now builded aboute this Priorie, especially by the high way towardes Iseldon.

So much of the Church which remaineth, (for one great Ile thereof fell downe) serueth as a Parish church of S. Iohn, for not onely the Tenementes and neare inhabitantes, but also (as is afore saide for all vp to Highgate, Moswell &c. Neare vnto this Church besides Clarkes well, lye diuers other wels, as I tolde you, namely Skinners well, Fags well, Todewell, Loders wel, Redewell &c. Now to returne againe to Giltspurre street where I first began with this suburbe, there standeth the parish church of Saint Sepulchre in the Bayly, as is before shewed, from this street to Turnagaine lane by Hosiar lane, Cow lane & Holborne

conduit down Snore hill to Oldborne bridge, and vp to Oldborne hill, by Gold lane on the right hand, and Lither lane beyond it, vp to the Barres, beyond the which barres on the same side is Porte Poole lane or Greyes Inne lane,* 1.1382 so called of the Inne of Court;* 1.1383 named Greyes Inne, a goodly house there situate, by whom buil∣ded or first begun I haue not yet learned, but seemeth to be since Edward the thirdes time, and is a prebend to Paules Church in London. This lane is furnished with faire buildings, and many tenements on both the sides, leading to the fieldes, towards High∣gate and Hamsted.

On the high street haue ye many faire houses builded, and lodg∣ings for Gentlemen, Innes for trauellers, and such like vp almost (for it lacketh but little) to S. Giles in the fieldes: amongst the which buildinges for the most part being very new, one passeth the rest in largenesse of roomes lately builded, by a widdow* 1.1384 some∣time wife to Richard Allington Esquire, which Richard Al∣lington deceased in the yeare 1561. And thus much for that North side of Oldborne.

Now from Newgate on the left hande or south side lyeth the Old baylie, and so downe by Seacole lane end to Oldborne bridge, vp Oldborne* 1.1385 hill, by Shooe lane and Fewters lane to the barres.

Beyond the Barres had ye in olde time a Temple builded by the Templers, whose order first began in the yeare of Christ 1118. in the 19. of Henry the first. This temple was left and fel to ruine since the yeare 1184. when the Templers had builded them a new Temple in Fléetstréet, neere to the riuer of Thames. A great part of this olde Temple was pulled downe but of late in the yeare 1595. The same was after the Bishoppe of Lincolnes Inne, where he lodged when he repaired to the Cittie, and Iohn Russell Bishop in Lincolne,* 1.1386 Lord Chauncelor in the raigne of Richard the 3. was lodged there. It hath of late yeares belonged to the Earles of Southampton, and is therefore called Southam∣ton* 1.1387 house. One Mayster Roper hath of late builded there, by meanes whereof, part of the ruines of the old Temple were séene to remaine builded of Cane stone, round informe as the new tem∣ple by Temple barre. Beyond this Southampton house is New stréete, so called in the raigne of Henry the 3. when hee founded

the house of Conuertes, betwixt the Old Temple and the new.

The same stréet hath sithence béene called Chauncery lane,* 1.1388 by reason that king Edward the third annexed the house of Conuerts by Pattent to the office of Custos Rotulorum, or maister of the Rolles, in the 15. of his raigne.

In this stréete the first faire building to bee noted on the East side, is called the Coursitors office,* 1.1389 builded with diuers faire lodg∣ings for Gentlemen, all of Bricke and timber, by Sir Nicholas Bacon late Lord Keeper of the great seale, deceased in the yeare 1578.

Neere vnto this Coursitors Office be diuers faire houses and large gardens builded and made in a ground, sometime belonging to one great house on the other side the stréete there made by Raph Neuell Bishop of Chichester. Then was the house of Conuerts wherein now the Rolles of Chauncerie be kept. Then the Ser∣ieants Inne.

On the West side towardes the North end thereof was of old time the church and house of the preaching Friers:* 1.1390 the which house I finde that in the yeare of Christ 1221. the Friers preachers 13. in number came into England, and hauing to their Prior one named Gilbert de Fraxineto, in company of Peter de la Roche Bishop of Winchester, came to Canterbury, where presenting themselues before the Archbishop Stephen, he commanded the said Prior to preach, whose sermon he liked so well, that euer after he loued that Order. These Fryers came to London, and had their first house without the wall of the Citie by Oldborne, neere vnto the old Temple.

Hubert de Burgo Earle of Kent was a great benefactor vn∣to these Fryers, and deceasing at his Mannor of Bansted in Sur∣rey, or (after some writers) at his Castle of Barkamsted in Hart∣fordshire, in the yeare 1242. was buried in their Church, vnto the which Church he had giuen his place at Westminster, which the said Fryers* 1.1391 afterward solde to Walter Grey Archbishoppe of Yorke, & he left it to his successors in that Sea, for euer to be their house when they shoulde repaire to the Citie of London. And therefore the same was called Yorke Place, which name so continued vntill the yeare 1529. that King Henry the eight tooke

it from Thomas Wolsey Cardinall, and Archbishoppe of Yorke, and then gaue it to name White hall.

Margaret sister to the king of Scottes, widowe to Geffrey Earle Marshall deceased 1244. and was buried in this church.

In the yere 1250. the Fryers of this order of preachers through Christendome and from Ierusalem, were by a Conuocation* 1.1392 as∣sembled together, at this their house by Oldborne to entreat of their estate, to the number of 400. hauing meat and drinke found them of almes, because they had no possessions of their owne. The first day the king came to their Chapter, founde them meate and drinke and dined with them. An other day the Quéene founde them meat and drinke: afterward the Bishop of London, then the Abbot of Westminster, of S. Albones, Waltham, and others. In the yeare 1276. Gregory Rokesley Mayor, and the Barons of London graunted and gaue to Robert Kilwerbie Archbishop of Canterbury, two lanes, or wayes next the stréet of Baynards Castle, and the Tower of Mountfichet, to bee destroyed. On the which place the said Robert builded the late new church, with the rest of the stones that were left of the said Tower. And thus the blacke Fryers left their Church and house by Oldborne, and departed to their new. This old Fryer house (iuxta Holborne saith the Pattent) was by King Edward the first, in the 16. of his raigne giuen to Henry Lacy Earle of Lincolne.

Next to this house of Fryers, was one other great house, sometime belonging to the Bishop of Chichester, whereof Ma∣thew Paris writeth thus: Raph de Noua villa or Neuill, Bi∣shop of Chichester,* 1.1393 and Chauncellor of England sometime buil∣ded a noble house, euen from the ground not farre from the newe Temple, and house of Conuertes, in the which place hee deceased in the yeare 1244. In this place after the decease of the said Bishoppe, and in place of the house of Blacke Fryers, before spoken of, Henry Lacie Earle of Lincolne,* 1.1394 Constable of Chester, and Custos of Englande, builded his Inne, and for the most parte was ••lodged there: hee deceased in this house in the yeare 1310. and was buried in the new worke, (whereunto he had been a great benefactor) of S. Pauls church betwixt our La∣die Chappell, and S. Dunstones Chappell. This Lincolnes

Inne sometime pertaining to the Bishoppes of Chichester as a part of the said great house, is now an Inne of Court, retayning the name of Lincolnes Inne as afore, but now lately increased with faire buildings, and replenished with Gentlemen studious in the common lawes: this house was greatly increased with new buildinges.

In the raigne of Henry the eight Sir Thomas Louell was a great builder there, especially hee builded the gate house and forefront towardes the east, placing thereon aswell the Lacies armes, as his owne: he caused the Lacies armes to bee cast and wrought in leade, on the louer of the hall of that house, which was in the 3. Escutcheons, a Lyon rampant for Lacie, 7. Masculles voyded for Quincie, and 3.* 1.1395 Wheat sheaues for Chester. This Louer being of late repayred the saide Escutcheons were left out. The rest of that side euen to Fléetstreet is replenished with faire buildings.

Now the high Oldborne street, from the North end of New∣street, stre••cheth on the left hand in building lately framed, vp to S. Giles in the fielde, which was an Hospitall founded by Matil∣de the Quéene, wife to Henry the first, about the yeare 1117. This Hospital (saith the record of Edward the third the 19. yeare) was founded without the barre veteris Templi London con∣uersorum. Moreouer (saith the same Recorde) in the 20. of Edward the third, the saide King sent commandement vnder his great seale, to the Mayor and Sheriffes of London,* 1.1396 willing them to make proclamation in euery Ward of the Citie and suburbes, that all leprous persons, within the saide Citie & suburbes should auoid within fiftéen daies, and that no man suffer any such laprose person to abide within his house, vppon paine to forfeite his saide house, and to incurre the Kinges farther displeasure. And that they shoulde cause the saide Lepers to bee remoued into some out places of the fieldes,* 1.1397 from the haunt or company of all sound peo∣ple: wherevpon it followed that the citizens required of the Gar∣dian of Saynt Giles Hospitall, to take from them and to keepe continually the number of fouretéene persons, according to the foundation of Matilde the Quéen which was for Leprose persons of the Citie of London and the shire of Middlesex.* 1.1398* 1.1399 At this Hos∣pitall

the prisoners conueyed towards Tyborne, there to be execu∣ted, were saluted with a Bowle of Ale, thereof to drinke as their last refreshing in this life.

Now without Ludgate lyeth the south end of y^e old Baylie, then downe Ludgate hill by Fléet lane ouer Fléet bridge, vp Fléetstréet by Shooe lane, Fewters lane, Newstréet, or Chauncery lane & to Shire lane by the barre on the right hand. And from Ludgate* 1.1400 on the left hand or south side by Bride lane, Water lane, Crokers lane, Sergeantes Inne, and the new Temple by the Barre, all which is of Faringdon Ward, as is afore shewed.

Liberties of the Dutchie.

NExt without the barre and libertie of the citie of Lon∣don and the liberties of the Dutchy of Lancaster,* 1.1401 on the said south side or left hande neere vnto the Riuer of Thames, amongst other buildings memorable for greatnesse, the first was Excester house, so called for that the same belonged to the Bishop of Excester, and was their Inne or London lodging: the same hath béene sithence called Pa∣get house, because the Lord William Paget enlarged and posses∣sed it. Then is Leycester house so named because Robert Dud∣ley late Earle of Leycester, of late new builded there. And now Essex house,* 1.1402 of the late Earle of Essex there inhabiting.

Then west was a Chappell dedicate to the Holy Ghost, called S. Spirit,* 1.1403 vpon what occasion founded I haue not read.

Then is Milford lane* 1.1404 downe to the Thames, why so called I haue not heard nor can coniecture.

Then was the Bishop of Bathes Inne,* 1.1405 lately new builded, for a great parte thereof by the Lorde Thomas Seamer Admirall, which came sithence to be possessed by the Earle of Arondell, and thereof called Arundell house.

Next beyond the which on the stréet side, was sometime a faire Cemitorie (or Churchyard) and in the same a parish Church,* 1.1406 cal∣led of the natiuitie of our Ladie, and the innocents at the Strand, and of some, by meane of a brotherhood kept there, called of S. Vr∣sula at the Strand.

And neere adioyning to the said church, betwixt it and the riuer of Thames, was an Inne of Chauncery, commonly called Cho∣sters Inne* 1.1407 (because it belonged to the Bishoppe of Chester) by others named of the situation Strand Inne.

Then had yee in the high stréete a faire bridge called Strande bridge,* 1.1408 and vnder it a lane or way downe to the landing place on the banke of the Thames.

Then was the Bishoppe of Chesters Inne,* 1.1409 or his London lodging. And next adioyning to it the Bishoppe of Worcesters Inne:* 1.1410 all which to wit, the parrish of Saint Mary at Strande, Strand Inne, Strand bridge, with the lane vnder it, the Bishop of Chesters Inne, the Bishoppe of Worcesters Inne, with all the tenementes adioyning were by commandement of Edwarde Duke of Sommerset vncle to Edward the sixt, and Lord Protec∣tor, pulled downe, and made leuell ground, in the yeare 1549. In this place whereof he builded that large and goodly house, now cal∣led Somerset house.* 1.1411

In the high stréete néere vnto the Strande sometime stoode a crosse of stone against the Bishoppe of Couentrie or Chester his house, whereof I reade, that in the yeare 1294. and diuers o∣ther times, the Iustices Itinerantes, sate without London, at the stone crosse ouer against the Bishop of Couentries house, and sometime they sate in the Bishops house, which was hard by the Strand.* 1.1412

Then next is the Sauoy so called of Peter Earle of Sauoy, and Richmond,* 1.1413 sonne to Thomas Earle of Sauoy, brother to Boni∣face Archbishop of Canterbury, and vncle vnto Helenor wife to king Henry the third.

He first builded this house in the yeare 1245. and here is some occasion offered to proue that this Peter of Sauoy was also Earle of Sauoy. Wherefore out of a booke of the Genealogies of all the whole house of Sauoy, compiled by Phillebert Pingonio, Baron of Guzani, remaining in the hands of W. Smith, alias Ronge∣dragon officer of armes, I haue gathered this. Thomas Earle of Sauoy* 1.1414 had issue by Beatrix daughter to Aimon Earle of Geneua 9. sons, & 3. daughters: Amades his first son succeeded Earle of Sa∣uoy in the yere 1253. Peter his second son, Earle of Sauoy, and of

Richmond, in 1268. Philip his third sonne Earle of Sauoy and Burgundie, 1284. Thomas the 4. Earle of Flaunders and prince of Piemon, Boniface the eight, Archbishop of Canterbury, Bea∣trix* 1.1415 his daughter maried so Reymond Beringarius of Aragon, Earle of Prouince and Narbone, had issue, & was mother to fiue Quéenes: The first Margaret wife to Lewes king of Fraunce, 2. Elianor wife to Henry the 3. King of England: 3. Sanctia, wife to Richard king of Romaines. 4. Beatrix, wife to Charles king of Naples. 5. Iohanna, wife to Philip king of Nauarre. To returne againe to the house of Sauoy, Quéene Eleanor wife to king Heury the third, purchased this place afterwardes of the fraternitie* 1.1416 or brethren of Montioy (vnto whome Peter as it sée∣meth gaue it) for her sonne Edmond Earle of Lancaster (as M. Camden hath noted out of a register booke, of the Dukes of Lan∣caster,* 1.1417 Henry Duke of Lancaster repaired or rather new buil∣ded it with the charges of •• 2000. Markes, which money hee had gathered together at the towne of Bridgerike.

Iohn the French King was lodged there, in the yeare 1357. and also in the yeare 1363. for it was at that time the fayrest Mannor in England.

In the yeare 1381.* 1.1418 the rebelles of Kent and Essex burnt this house, vnto the which there was none in the realme to be compa∣red in beauty, and statelinesse (saith mine Author.) They set fire on it round about, and made Proclamation that none (on payne to lose his head) should conuert to his own vse any thing that there was,* 1.1419 but that they should breake such plate and vessell of Gold and siluer, as was found in that house, (which was in great plentie) into small peeces and throwe the same into the riuer of Thames:* 1.1420 Precious stones they shoulde bruse in morters that the same might bee to no vse: and so it was done by them: One of their companiens they burned in the fire, because he minded to haue re∣serued one goodly péece of plate.

They found there certaine barrels of Gunpowder, which they thought had béene Gold or siluer,* 1.1421 and throwing them into the fire, more suddenly then they thought, the Hall was blowne vppe, the houses destroyed, and themselues verie hardly escaped away.

This house being thus defaced and almost ouerthrown by these rebelles for malice they bare ••o Iohn of Gaunt Duke of Lanca∣ster of later time came to the Kings hands, and was againe raised and beautifully builded, for an Hospitall of S. Iohn Baptist, by king Henry the seuenth, about the yeare 1509, for the which Ho∣spitall (retayning still the old name of Sauoy* 1.1422) he purchased landes to be imploied vpon the relleuing of an hundred poore people: This Hospitall being valued to dispend 529. pound, fifteene shillings &c. by yeare, was suppressed the tenth of Iune, the seuenth of Ed∣ward the sixt: the beddes, bedding and other furniture belonging thereunto, with seuen hundred marks of the said landes by yeare, he gaue, to the Citizens of Londō, with his house of Bridewell, to the furnishing thereof, to be a workehouse for the poore and idle per∣sons, and towardes the furnishing of the Hospitall of S. Thomas in Southwarke lately suppressed.* 1.1423

This Hospitall of Sauoy* 1.1424 was againe new founded, erected, cor∣porated and endowed with landes by Queene Mary, the thirde of Nouember: in the fourth of her raigne one Iackson tooke posses∣sion, and was made maister thereof in the same Moneth of No∣uember. The Ladies of the Court, and Maidens of honour (a thing not to be forgotten) stored the same of new with veddes, bed∣ding and other furniture, in very ample manner &c. and it was by pattent so confirmed at Westminster the ninth of May the fourth and fift of Phillip and Mary.

The Chappell of this Hospital serueth now as a Parish church to the tenements thereof neere adioyning and others.

The next was sometime the Bishoppe of Carliles his Inne, which now belongeth to the Earle of Bedford, & is called Russell or Bedford house.* 1.1425 It stretcheth from the Hospitall of Sauoy, West to Iuie bridge. And thus farre on this South side the high stréete is of the libertie of the Dutchy of Lancaster.

Iuie bridge* 1.1426 in the high streete hath a way or low going downe vnder it, stretching to the Thames: the like as sometime had the Strand bridge before spoken of.

This whole streete* 1.1427 from Temple Bar to the Sauoy was commanded to be paued, and Tole to bee taken towards the char∣ges thereof in the 24. yeare of Henry the sixt.

Now to beginne againe at Temple Barre ouer against it. In the high streete standeth a payre of Stockes, and then one large middle Row of houses and small Tenements builded partly ope∣ning to the south, partly towardes the North. Amongst the which standeth the Parish church of S, Clement Danes* 1.1428 so called because Harolde a Danish king and other Danes were buried there, and in that Churchyarde, This Harolde whome king Canutus had by a Concubine, raigned three yeares and was buried at West∣minster, but afterwarde Hardicanutus the lawfull sonne of Ca∣nutus, in reuenge of a displeasure done to his mother by expelling her out of the Realme, and the murder of his Brother Allured, commanded the body of Harold to be digged out of the earth and to be throwne into the Thames, where it was by a Fisherman taken vp, and buried in this Churchyarde. This saide Middle Row of houses stretching west to a stone Crosse now headlesse,* 1.1429 by or against the Strand including the saide parish Church of S. Clement, is wholy of the libertie of Dutchie of Lancaster, which libertie is gouerned by the Chancelor of that saide Dutchie,* 1.1430 now at this present, Sir Robert Cecill knight principall Secretarie to her Maiestie, and one of her Maiesties most Honorable priuie Councellors, there is vnder him a Stewarde that keepeth court and Leete for the Queene, giueth the charge and taketh the othes of euery vnder Officer, then is there foure Burgesses, and 4. Assistantes to take vp Controuersies, a Bayliffe which hath two or three vnder Bayliffes that make Arests within that libertie, 4. Constables, foure Wardens that keepe the Lands and Stocke for the poore, foure Wardens, for high wayes, a Iury or Inquest of foureteene or sixteene to present defaultes, foure Alecunners which loke to assisse of weightes and measures, &c. foure Sca∣uengers and a Beadle, and their common Prison is Newgate.

Thus much for the Suburbe in the Libertie of the Dutchie of Lancaster.

The Citie of VVestminster, with the Antiquities, Boundes, and Liberties thereof.

NOw touching the Citie of Westminster, I will beginne at Temple Barre, on the right hand or Northside, and so passe vp west, through a Backe lane or streete, wherein do stand three Innes of Chancery the first is called Clementes Inne,* 1.1431 because it standeth neare to S. Clementes church, but nearer to the fayre fountaine called Clementes well,* 1.1432 the se∣cond is New Inne* 1.1433 so called, as Lateliar made an Inne of Chance∣ry for students, then another, to witte, aboute the beginning of the raigne of Henry the seauenth, and not so late as some haue supposed, to ••••tte at the pulling down of Strand Inne in the raign of King Edward the sixt: for I reade that Sir Thomas Moore sometime Lord Chancellor was a student in this New Inne, and went from thence to Lincolnes Inne &c. The thirde is Lions Inne,* 1.1434 an Inne of Chancerie also. This streete stretcheth vp vnto Drury lane,* 1.1435 so called, for that there is a house belonging to the Family of the Druries. This lane furneth North towarde S. Giles in the field, from the south end of this lane in the high street are diuers fayre buildinges, Hosteries, and houses for Gentlemen, and men of honor, amongst the which Cecile house* 1.1436 is one, which sometime belonged to the Parson of S. Martins in the fielde, and by composition came to Sir Thomas Palmer knight in the raign of Edwarde the sixt, who began to builde the fame of Bricke, and Timber, very large and spatious, but of later tune it hath beene farre more bewtifully encreased by the late Sir William Cecile Baron of Burghley, Lord Treasurer, and greate Councellor of the estate of England.

From thence is now a continuall new building of diuers fayre houses euen vp to the Earle of Bedfordes house,* 1.1437 which is a good∣ly house, lately builded nigh to Iuy Bridge, ouer against the olde Bedforde house, namely, called Russell house and Dacres house,

now the house of Sir Thomas Cecile Lorde Burghley, and so on the North side to a lane that turneth to the Parish Church of S. Martin in the fielde,* 1.1438 and stretcheth to S. Giles in the fielde. Then had ye the Chappell of our Lady* 1.1439 called the Pew, with an house wherein sometime were distraight and Lunatike people.

Amongst other thinges of this Chappel I haue read that on the 17. of Februarie in the yeare of Christ 1452. by negligence of a scholler appointed by his Scholemaister, to put forth the lights of this Chappell, the Image of our Lady* 1.1440 richly decked with Iew∣els, pretious stones, pearles, and ringes (more then any Ieweller could iudge the price) (for so sayeth mine Author) was with all this apparrell, ornamentes and Chapple it selfe brent.* 1.1441

Then is the Mewse* 1.1442 so called of the kinges Faulchons there kept by the kinges Faulconer, which of olde time was an office of great account, as appeareth by a Recorde of Richarde the second, in the first of his raigne, for Sir Symon Burley knight, was made Constable for the Castles of Windsor, Wigmore and Guil∣forde, and of the Mauor of Kenington, and also Maister of the kinges Faulcons, at his Mewse neare vnto Charing Crosse by West. Of later time king Henry the eight hauing fayre stabling there for horses in the yeare 1534. and the 28. of his raigne, it was burned with many great houses and much hay •• therein:* 1.1443 but it was againe reedified in the raignes of king. Edwarde the sixt, and Queene Marie, and this is the farthest building westwarde, on the northside of that high streete.

On the southside of the which street, in the Liberties of West∣minster (beginning at Iuie bridge) first is Durham house, buil∣ded by Thomas Hatfielde Bishop of Durham,* 1.1444 who was made Bishop of that See in the yeare 1345. and sat Bishop there 36. yeares.

Amongst matters memorable concerning this house, this is one, In the yeare of Christ 1540. the 32. of Henry the eight, on May day a great and triumphant Iusting* 1.1445 was holden at West∣minster, which had been formarly proclamed in France, Flanders, Scotland, and Spaine, for all commers that woulde vndertake the challengers of England, which were Sir Iohn Dudley, Sir Thomas Seymar Sir Thomas Ponings, and Sir George Ca∣rew

knightes, and Anthony Kingston, and Richarde Crum∣well Esquiers, at which came into the Lists that dayrichly appa∣relled and their horses trapped all in white Ueluet, there came a∣gainst them the saide day 46. Defendantes or Undertakers vz∣the Earle of Surrey formost, Lord VVilliam Howarde, Lord. Clinton, and Lord Cromwell, son and heire to Thomas Crom∣well Earle of Essex, and Chamberlaine of England with other, and that day after the Iustes performed the Challengers rode vn∣to this Durham house where they kept open householde, and fea∣sted the king and Queene with her Ladyes and all the Court, the second day Anthonie Kingston, and Richarde Cromwell were made knightes there, the thirde day of May the saide chalengers did Turney on horsebacke with swordes, and against them came 49. Defendantes: Sir Iohn Dudley, and the Earle of Surrey running first, which at the first course lost their Gauntletes: and that day Sir Richarde Cromwell ouerthrew maister Palmer and his horse in the fielde to the great honor of the chalengers, the ••••ft of May the Chalengers fought on foote at the Baryars, and against them came 50. Def••ndantes, which fought valiantly: but Sir Richarde Cromwell ouerthrew that day at the Barryars maister Culpepper in the fielde, and the sixt day the chalen∣gers brake vp their householde.

In this time of their housekeeping they had not onely feasted the king,* 1.1446 Queene, Ladyes and all the court, as is afore shewed, but also they cheared all the knightes and Burgesses of the com∣mon house in the Parliament, and entertayned the Maior of Lon∣don with the Aldermen and their wiues at a Dinner &c. The king gaue to euery of the saide challengers, and their heires for e∣uer, in rewarde of their valiant actiuitie one hundred markes and a house to dwell in of yearely reuenewe out of the landes pertay∣ning to the Hospitall of S. Iohn of Ierusalem.

Next beyond this Durham house is one other great house som∣time belonging to the Bishop of Norwitch,* 1.1447 and was his London lodging, which now pertayneth to the Archbishop of Yorke by this occasion. In the yeare 1529. when Cardinall VVolsey Archbishop of Yorke was indighted in the Premunirey, whereby

king Henry the eight was intituled to his goodes and possessions: hée also seazed into his hands, the saide Archbishoppes house, com∣monly called Yorke place, and changed the name thereof into White hall whereby the Archbishops of Yorke being dispossessed and hauing no house of repayre about London, Quéene Marie gaue vnto Nicholas Heth then Archbishoppe of Yorke and to his successors, Suffolke house in Southwarke, lately builded by Charles Bramdon Duke of Suffolke, as I haue shewed.

This house the saide Archbishops solde, and bought the a∣foresaide house of olde time belonging to the Bishoppes of Nor∣wich, which of this last purchase is now called Yorke house, the Lord Chancellors, or Lorde Keepers of the great Seale of England, haue beene lately there lodged.

Then was there an Hospitall of S. Marie Rounceual* 1.1448 by Cha∣ring Crosse (a Cell to the Priorie & Couent of Rounceual in Na∣uar in Pampelion Diocesse) where a Fraternitie was founded in the 15. of Edwarde the fourth, but now the same is suppressed and turned into Tenementes.

Neare vnto this Hospitall was an Hermitage, with a Chap∣pell of S. Katherine* 1.1449 ouer against Charing Crosse,* 1.1450 which Crosse builded of stone, was of old time a fayre péece of worke there made by commandement of Edwarde the first, in the one and twentith yeare of his raigne, in memorie of Helenor his deceased Quéene as is before declared.

West from this Crosse stoode sometime an Hospital of Saint Iames,* 1.1451 consisting of two hydes of Land with the appurtenances in the parish of Saint Margaret in Westminster, and founded by the Citizens of London, before the time of any mans memorie, for foureteene sisters maidens that were leprouse, lyuing chastly, and hon••stly ••••diuine seruice.

Afterwardes diuers Citizens of London, gaue six and fifty pound rent thereunto, and then were adioyned eight Brethren to minister diuine seruice there. After this also sundrie deuout men of London gaue to this Hospitall foure hydes of land in the fielde at Westminster, and in Hendon, Calcote, and Hampsted, eighty •• of ••ande •• Woode &c. king Edwarde the first, con∣firmed

those giftes and granted a Fayre to be kept on the Eu•• of S Iames,* 1.1452 the day, the morrow, and foure dayes following, in the eighteenth of his raigne.

This Hospitall was surrendred to Henry the eight the thrée and twentith of his raigne, and the Sisters being compounded with all were allowed Pensions for terme of their liues, and the king builded there a goodly Mannor, annexing thereunto a Parke,* 1.1453 closed about with a wall, of bricke now called S. Iames Parke seruing indifferently to the saide Mannor, and to the Man∣nor or Pallace of White hall.

South from Chating Crosse on the right hand, are diuers fayre houses lately builded before the Parke, then a large Tylt∣yarde for Noble men,* 1.1454 and other to exercise themselues in Iusting, Turning, and Feighting at the Barryars.

On the left hand from Charing Crosse, be also diuers fayre, Tenementes lately builded till yee come to a large plot of ground inclosed with bricke, and is called Scotland,* 1.1455 where great building hath beene for receipt of the kinges of Scotland, and other estates of that Countrie: for Margaret Quéene of Scots and Systar to king Henry the eight had her abiding there, when shee came into England after the death of her husband, as the king of Scotland, had in former times, when they came to the Parliament of Eng∣land.

Then is the saide White hal* 1.1456 sometime belonging to Hubart de Brugh Earle of Kent, and Iustici•••• of England, who gaue it to the Blacke Fryars in Oldborne as I haue before noted. King Henry the eight ordayned it to bée called an honor, and builded there a sumptuous Gallery and a bewtifull Gate house, thwart the high streete to S. Iames Parke, &c.

In this Gallorie the Princes with their Nobility, vse to stand or sit, and at Windowes to beholde all triumphant Iustinges, & other militarie exercises.

Beyond this Gallerie on the left hand is the garden or orchyard belonging to the saide White hall. On the right hand bée diuers fayre Tennis courtes, bowling Allies, and a Cocke pit,* 1.1457 all built by king Henry the eight, and then one other arched gate with a

way ouer it thwarting the streete from the kinges gardens to the saide Parke.

From this gate vp kinges streete, to a Bridge ouer Long ditch* 1.1458 (so called for that the same almost insulateth the Citie of West∣minster) neare which Bridge is a way leading to Chanon Row, so called for that the same belonged to the Deane and Chanons of S. Stephens Chappell,* 1.1459 who were there lodged as now diuers No∣blemen, and Gentlemen be.

From this way vp to the Woolestable and to the high Tow∣er, or gate which entreth the Pallace Court, all is replenished with buildinges, and inhabitantes.

Touching this Woolestable,* 1.1460 I reade that in the raign of Ed∣warde the first, the Staple being at Westminster the parrishio∣ners of S. Margaret, and Marchantes of the Staple builded of new the saide Church, the great Chancell excepted, which was lately before new builded, by the Abbote of Westminster.

Moreouer that in the 27. of Edwarde the thirde the Staple of Woole, before kept at Bruges in Flanders, was ordayned by Parliament to bee kept in diuers places of England, Wales, & Ireland, as at Newcastle, Yorke, Lincolne, Canterbury, Nor∣witch, Westminster, Chichester, Winchester, Excester, Bristow, and Carmarden, &c. to the greate benefit of the king, and losse vnto strangers, and marchantes. For there grew vnto the king by this meanes (as it was saide) the summe of one thousand a hundred and two pounds by the yere more then any his predicessors before had receiued, the Staple at Westminster at that time began on the next morrow after the feast of S. Peter Ad vincula. The next yeare there was granted to the king by Parliament towardes the recouery of his title in France, fifty shillinges of euery sacke of Wooll transported ouer seas, for the space of six yeares next ensuing,* 1.1461 by meanes whereof the king might dispend dayly during those yeares, more then a thousande markes starling. For by the common opinion there were more then 100000. sackes of Wool yearely transported into forrain landes, so that during six yeares the saide grant extended to fiftéene hundred thousand pound starling.

In the 37. of Edwarde the thirde it was granted vnto him for

two yeares to take six and twenty shillinges eight pence, vppon euery sacke of Woolle transported and the same yeare the Staple of Woole (notwithstanding the kings oth and other great estates) was ordayned to bée kept at Callis and six and twenty marchants the best and welthiest of all England, to be Farmers there, both of the Towne and Staple for three yeares, euery marchant to haue six men of Armes, and foure Archers at the kinges rost. Hée ordayned there also two Maiors, one for the towne, and one for the Staple, and hée tooke for mala capta commonlie called Maltorth (I thinke Custome) twentie shillinges, and of the said marchantes Gardians of the Towne forty pence, vppon euery sacke of Woolle.

In the 44. of Edwarde the thirde, Quamborough King∣ston vpon Hull, and Boston, were made Staples of Wooll, which matter so much offended some, that in the 50. of his raigne in a Parliament at London, it was complayned that the Staple of Woole, was so remoued from Callis to diuers townes in England contrary to the statute, appointing that Citizens and marchantes should kéepe it there, and that the king might haue the profites and customes with the exchange of golde and siluer that was there made, by all the Marchantes in Christendome (e∣stemed to amount to 8000 ••. by yeare) the Exchange onely: and the Citizens and marchantes so ordred the matter that the king spent nothing vpon souldiers neither vpon defence of the town against the ennemies, whereas now hee spent eight thousande pound by yeare.

In the yeare 1388. the twelfth of Richarde the second,* 1.1462 in a Parliament at Cambridge, it was ordayned that the staple of Wooles* 1.1463 should be brought from Middlebrough in Holland to Callis.

In the fouretéenth of his raigne there was granted 40. ••. v∣pon euery sacke of Woole, and in the one and twentith was gran∣ted 50. ••. vpon euery sacke transported by english men, and thrée pound of by strangers &c. It séemeth that the marchantes of this staple be the most ancient marchantes of this Realm, and that all commodities of the Realme or Staple,* 1.1464 marchandizes by law & Charter, as Wooles, Leather, Wool fels, Lead, Tyn, cloth &c.

King Henrie the sixt had sixe Wool•• houses within the Staple at Westminster•••• those he graunted to the Deane and Cannons of S. Stephen at Westminster, and confirmed ••t the ••••. of his raigne. Thus much for the Staple haue I shortly noted:

And now to passe to the famous Monasterie of Westminster: At the very entrance of the Close thereof is a lane that leadeth to∣ward the West•• called Théeuing lane,* 1.1465 for that theeues were led that way to the Gate house, while the Sanctuarie continued in force.

This Monasterie was founded and builded by Sebert king of the East Saxons, vpon the perswasion of Ethelbert king of Kent, who hauing imbraced christianitie, and being baptized by Meli∣tus Bishop of London: immediatly (to shew himselfe a christian indéede) built a church to the honor of God and Saint Peter, on the West side of the cittie of London, in a place (which because it was ouergrowen with thornes, and enuironed with water) the Saxons called Thorney, and now of the Monastery and West situation thereof is called Westminster.* 1.1466

In this place (saith Fulcardus* 1.1467) long before was a Temple of Apollo, which being ouerthrowne, King Lucius built therein a Church of Christianitie.

Sebert was buried in this church, with his wife Athelgoda, whose bodies many yeares after, to wit in the raigne of Richard the second (saith Walsingham* 1.1468) were translated from the old church to the new, and there interred.

Edgare King of the West Saxons repaired this Monasterie a∣bout the yeare of Christ ••958. Edward the Confessor builded it of new, wherevpon T. Clifford writeth thus.

Without the walles of London (saith he) vppon the Riuer of Thames there was in times passed a little Monasterie,* 1.1469 builded to the honor of God, and Saint Peter, with a few Benedict Monkes in it, vnder an Abbotte seruing Christ: very poore they were, and little was giuen them for their reliefe, here the king intended (for that it was néere to the famous citie of London and the Riuer of Thames, that brought in all kind of Marchan∣dizes from all partes of the worlde) to make his Sepulcher,

be commanded therefore that of the tenthes of all his rentes, the worke should be begunne in such sort as should become the Prince of the Apo••tles.

At this his commandement the work is nobly begun, euen from the foundation and happely procéedeth till the same was finished: the charges bestowed, or to be bestowed are not regarded. He graunted to this church great priuiledges, aboue all the churches in this land as partly appeare by this his Charter.

〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉

Edwarde King greet William Bishop and Leofstane and Aelffie Portreeues, and all my Burgesses of London friendly, and I tell you that I haue this giuen and granted to Christ & S. Peter the holy Apostle at Westminster full freedome ouer all the land, that belongeth to that holy place. &c.

He also caused y^• parish Church of S. Margaret* 1.1470 to be newly buil∣ded, without the Abbie church of Westminster for the ease & com∣moditie of the Monks, because before that time the parish Church stoode within the old Abbey church in the South Isle, some what to their annoyance. This church of S. Margaret (which that king Edward builded) continued till the daies of King Edwarde the first, at what time the staple of woolles was at Westminster, and then the parishioners and Merchantes of the Staple builded it all of new (the great chancell excepted, which was done by the Abbots of Westminster as is afore shewed.

King Henry the third in the yeare of Christ 1220. began the new worke of our Ladies Chappell, and in the yeare 1245. the walles and stéeple of the olde Church (builded by king Edwarde)

were taken downe, and inlarging the same Church, caused them to be made more comely, for the furtherance whereof in the yeare 1246. the same king (deuising how to extort money from the ci∣tizens of London towardes the charges) appointed a Mart to be kept at Westminster,* 1.1471 the same to last fiftéene dayes, and in the meane space all trade of Merchandise to cease in the Cittie, which thing the citizens were faine to redéeme with two thousand pound of siluer.

The worke of this Church with the houses of Office, was fini∣shed to the end of the Quire in the yeare 1285. the 14. of Edward the first. All which labour of 66. yeares, was in the yeare 1299. defaced by a fire kindled in the lesser Hall of the Kinges Pallace at Westminster,* 1.1472 the same with many other houses adioyning, and with the Quéenes chamber were all consumed, the flame thereof also (being driuen with the wind) fired the Mo∣nasterie, which was also with the pallace consumed.

Then was this Monastery againe repaired by the Abbotes of that Church, king Edward the first and his successors putting to their helping handes.

Edward the second apropriated vnto this Church the patro∣nages of the Churches of Kelueden and Sabritsworth in Essex in the Diocesse of London.

Simon Langham Abbot (hauing béene a great builder there in the yeare 1362.) gaue 400. ••. to the building of the bodie of the church: but (amongst others) Abbot Islip was in his time a great builder there, as may appeare in the stone worke, and glasse win∣dowes of the Church.

Since whose decease that worke hath staide as hee left it, vn∣perfected, the Church and stéeple being all of one height.

King Henry the seuenth about the yeare of Christ 1502. cau∣sed the Chappell of our Ladie,* 1.1473 builded by Henry the third, with a Tauerne also called the White Rose neare adioyning to be taken downe: In which plot of ground, on the 24. of Ianuary, the first stone of the new chappell was laid by the handes of Abbot Islip, Sir Reginald Bray, Knight of the Garter, Doctor Barnes, mai∣ster of the Rolles, Doctor Wall, Chaplen to the King, Maister Hugh Aldham, Chaplen to the Countesse of Darbie, and Rich∣mond

(the kinges mother) Sir Edward Stanho•• knight, and di∣uers other: vpon the•• which stone was ingrauen the same day and yeare, &c.

The charges in building this Chappell amounted to the summe of 14000. pound: the stone for this worke (as I haue béene in∣formed) was brought from Huddlestone quarrie in Yorke shire: The Altar and se••••ture of the same King Henry the seuenth, wherein his bodie resteth in this his new chappell, was made and finished in the yeare 1519. by one Peter a Painter of Florence: for the which hee receyued 1000. pounde starling for the whole stuffe and workemanship, at the handes of the kinges executors, Richard Bishop of Winchester, Richard Bishoppe of London, Thomas Bishop of Dutham, Iohn Bishoppe of Rochester, •••••••• Duke of Norfolke, Treasurer of Englande•• Edward Earle of Worcester the kinges Chamberlaine, Iohn Fineaux knight, Chiefe Iustice of the Common place, &c.

This Monasterie being valued to dispend by the yeare 3470. pound &c. was surrendered to Henry, the eight, in the yeare 1539. And Benson then Abbot was made the first Deane and not long after it was aduaunced to a Bishoppes Sea,* 1.1474 in the yeare 1541. Thomas Thurley being both the first and last Bishop there, who when he had impouerished the church was translated to Norwich in the yeare 1550. the fourth of Edward the sixt, and from thence to Elie, in the yeare 1554. the second of Quéene Mary, Richard Cox Doctor in Diuinitie (late schoolmaister to king Edward 6.) was made Deane of Westminster whom Quéen Mary put out, & made Doctor Weston Deane, vntill the yere 1556. and then he being remoued from thence on the 21. of Nouember, Iohn Fe∣kenham (late Deane of Paules) was made Abbot of Westmin∣ster, and tooke possession of the same, being installed, and fourtéene Monkes more receyued the habbot with him that day of the order of Saint Benedict: but the saide Iohn•• Fe••kenham with his Monkes enioyed not that place fully thrée yeares for in the yeare 1559. in the moneth of Iuly they were all put out, and Quéene Elizabeth made the saide Monasterie a Colledge,* 1.1475 instituting there a Deane, twelue Prehendes, •••••••• •••••••••• Almesmen•• and

••ortie schollers, calling them the Queenes schollers: and so was it named the Colledge at Westminster, founded by O. Elizabeth. D. Bill one of her Maiesties Chaplens was made the first Dean: after whom succéeded M. D. Gabriel Goodman, now Resident.

Of the Kinges and Quéenes crowned* 1.1476 in this Church William surnamed Conqueror, & Matilde his wife were the first: & since them all other Kings and Quéenes of this realme, haue béene here crowned.

The kinges and Quéenes buried* 1.1477 in this Church are these: Sebert king of the East Saxons, with his wife Athelgode, Harold surnamed Herefote, king of the West Saxons: Ed∣ward the simple, surnamed Confessor, sometime richly shrined in a Tombe of siluer and Gold, curiously wrought by commande∣ment of William the Conqueror, Egitha his wife was there bu∣ried also, King Henry the third, whose Sepulture was richly garnished with precious stones of Iasper, which his sonne Ed∣ward* 1.1478 the first brought out of Fraunce for that purpose: Eleanor wife to Henry the thirde, Edwarde the first who offred to the shrine of Edward the Confessor the chaire of marble, wherein the Kinges of Scotlande were crowned, with the scepter and Crowne also to the same king belonging. Hee gaue also to that church landes to the value of 100. pounde by the yeare, twenty pound thereof yearely to be distributed to the poore for euer: then there lyeth Eleanor his wife, daughter, to Ferdinando king of Castile, Edward the third by Quéene Phillip of Henault his wife. Richard the second and Anne his wife, with their images vpon them, with cost more then foure hundred markes for the guilding: Henry the fift with a royall image of siluer and guilt, which Katherine his wife caused to be laid vpon him, but the head of this image being of massie siluer is broken off, and conuayed a∣way with the plates of siluer and guilt that couered his bodie: Ka∣therine his wife was buried in the old Lady chappel, but her corps being taken vp in the raigne of Henry the seuenth (when a newe foundation was to bee laide) she was neuer since buried, but remayueth aboue grounde in a coffin of bordes behinde the East ende of the Presbyterie: Henrie the seuenth in a sumptuous

sepulture, and chappell before specified, and Elizabeth his wife, Edwarde the sixt in the same Chappell without any monument, Quéene Mary without any Monument in the same chappell: Matilde daughter to Malcolne king of Scottes, wife to Henry the first, lyeth in the Reuestrie: Anne wife to Richard the third, Margaret Countesse of Richmond and Darbie, mother to Hen∣ry the seuenth, Anne of Cleue, wife to Henry the eight: Edmond second sonne to Henry the third, first Earle of Lancaster, Darby, and Leycester, and Aueline his wife, daughter and heire to Wil∣liam de Fortibus Earle of Albemarle. In S. Thomas chappel lie the bones of the children of Henry the third, and of Edward the first, in number nine. In the Chapter house, Alianor countesse of Barre, daughter to Edward the first, William of Windsore, and Blaunch his sister, children to Edward the thirde: Iohn of Eltham Earle of Cornewell, sonne to Edward the second, Elia∣nor wife to Thomas of Woodstock Duke of Gloucester: Tho∣mas of Woodstocke by king Edward the third his father: Mar∣garet daughter to Edward the fourth, Elizabeth daughter to Henry the seuenth, William de Valence Earle of Pembrooke, Aimer de Valence Earle of Pembrooke, Margaret and Iohn sonne and daughter to William de Valence, Iohn Waltham Bi∣shop of Sarum Treasurer of England, Thomas Ruthall Bishop of Durham 1522. Gyles Lord Dawbeny Earle of Bridgewa∣ter, Chamberlaine to king Henry the seuenth 1508. and his wife of the family of the Arundelles in Cornewell, Iohn Vicount Welles, 1498. The Ladie Katherine daughter to the Dutchesse of Norfolke, Sir. T. Hungerford knight, father to Sir Iohn Hungerford of Downampney knight, a son & daughter to Hum∣frey Bohun Earle of Hereford and Essex, and Elizabeth his wife, Philip Dutchesse of Yorke, daughter to the Lorde Mohun, thrice maried, to the Lord Fitzwalter, Sir Iohn Golofer, and to the Duke of Yorke: William Dudley Bishop of Durham, Nicholas Baron Carew, Walter Hungerford sonne to Edmond, Sir Iohn Burley Knight, and Anne his wife, Sir Iohn Golo∣fer Knight, Humfrey Bourchere, Lorde Cromwell, Henry Bourchere sonne and heire to the Lord Barons, and both slain at

Barnet, Sir William Trussell knight, Sir Thomas Vaughan knight, Francis Brandon Dutchesse of Suffolke, Mary her daughter, Sir Iohn Hampden Knight, Sir Lewes Vicount Robsart Knight, Lord Bourchere of Henalt, and his wife daugh∣ter and heyre to the Lord Bourchere: Robert Browne and Wil∣liam Browne Esquires: The Ladie Iohane Tokyne daughter of Dabridge court: George Mortimer bastarde, Iohn Felby Esquire, Anne wife to Iohn Watkins, William Southwike Es∣quire, William Southcot Esquire, Raph Constantine gentle∣man, Arthur Froffote Esquire, Robert Hall Knight, slaine in that church, Sir Richard Rouse Knight, Sir Geffrey Maun∣deuil Earle of Essex, and Athelard his wife, Sir Foulk of New∣castle, Sir Iames Barons Knight, Sir Iohn Salisberie knight, Margaret Dowglasse Countesse of Lineaux, with Charles her sonne, Earle of Lineaux: Henry Scogan a learned Poet, in the cloyster. Geffrey Chaucer the most famous Poet of England,* 1.1479 also in the Cloyster, 1400. but since Nicholas Brigham Gentle∣man, raysed a Monument for him in the South crosse Ile of the Church: his workes were partly plublished in print by William Caxton in the raigne of Henry the sixt: Increased by William Thinne Esquire, in the raigne of Henry the eight: Corrected and twice increased through mine owne painefull labours, in the raigne of Queene Elizabeth, to wit, in the yeare 1561. and again beautified with noates, by me collected out of diuers Re∣cordes and Monumentes, which I deliuered to my louing friende Thomas Speight, & he hauing drawne the same into a good forme and methode, as also explaned the old and obscure wordes &c. hath published them in Anno 1597.

Anne Stahanhope Dutches of Sommerset & Iane her daugh∣ter, Anne Cecill Countesse of Oxford daughter to the Lorde Burghley, with Mildred Burghley her mother, Elizabeth Barkley Countesse of Ormond, Frauncis Sidney Countesse of Sussex, Elizabeth Countesse of Hertford, Thomas Baron Wentworth, Thomas Baron Wharton: Iohn Lorde Rustell, Sir Thomas Bromley Lord Chauncellor, Sir Iohn Puckering Lord Kéeper. &c.

This Church hath had great priuiledge of Sanctuarie* 1.1480 within the precinct therof, to wit, the church, churchyard, and close, &c. from whence it hath not béene lawfull for any Prince or other, to take any person that fledde thether for any cause: which priuiledge was first granted by Sebert king of the East Saxons, since increased by Edgare king of the West Saxons, renewed and confirmed by king Edward the Confessor, as appeareth by this his charter following.

Edward by the grace of God, King of Englishmen: I make it to be knowne to all generations of the world after me, that by speciall commandement of our holy Father Pope Leo, I haue renewed & honored the holy church of the blessed Apostle S. Peter of Westminster, & I order and establish for euer, that what person of what conditi∣on or estate soeuer he be, from whence soeuer hee come, or for what offence or cause it be, eyther for his refuge in∣to the said holy place, he be assured of his life, liberty and limmes: And ouer this I forbid vnder the paine of euer∣lasting damnation, that no minister of mine, or of my suc∣cessors intermeddle them with any the goods, landes or possessions of the said persons taking the said Sanctuary: for I haue taken their goodes and liuelod into my speci∣all protection, and therefore I graunt to euery each of them in as much as my terrestriall power may suffice, all manner freedome of ioyous libertie: And whosoe∣uerpresumes or doth contrary to this my graunt, I will he lose his name, worshippe, dignitie, and power, and that with the great traytor Iudas that betrayed our Saui∣our, he be in the euerlasting fier of hell, and I will and or∣daine that this my graunt endure as long as there remay∣neth in England, eyther loue or dread of christian name.

More of this Sactuarie ye may read in our histories, and also in the statute of Henry the eight, the 32. yeare.

Next to this famous Monastery, is the Kings principall Pal∣lace, of what antiquitie it is vncertaine: but Edward the Confessor held his Court there: as may appeare by the testimony of sundrie, and namely of Ingulphus, as I haue before told you. The said king had his Pallace, and for the most part remained there: where he al∣so ended his life, and was buried in the Monastery which he had builded. It is not to be doubted, but that King William the first, as he was crowned there, so he builded much at this Pallace: for he found it farre inferiour to the building of princely pallaces in France. And it is manifest, by the testimony of many Authors, that William Rufus builded the great Hall there, about the yeare of Christ, 1097 amongst others, Roger of Windouar, and Mathewe Parris,* 1.1481 doo write, that King William (being returned out of Normandie into England) kept his feast of Whitsontide very royally at Westmin∣ster, in the new Hall which he had lately builded, the length where∣of (say some) was 270. foote, and seuentie foure foote in breadth, and when he heard men say, that this Hall was too great, he answered,* 1.1482 and said: this Hall is not bigge inough, by the one halfe, and is but a Beade chamber in comparison of that I meane to make: a dili∣gent searcher (saith Paris) might finde out the foundation of the hall, which he had supposed to haue builded, stretching from the Riuer of Thames, euen to the common high way. This Pallace was re∣paired about the yeare,* 1.1483 1163. by Thomas Becket,* 1.1484 Chauncelor of England, with excéeding great celeritie and spéede: which before, was ready to haue fallen downe. This hath béene the principall seate and Pallace of all the Kings of England, since the Conquest: for héere haue they in the great Hall kept their feasts of Coronation especially, and other solemne feasts, as at Christmas, and such like, most commonly: for proofe whereof, I finde Recorded, that in the yeare, 1236. and the twentieth of Henry the third, on the 29. of December,* 1.1485 William de Hauarhull the Kings Treasurer, is com∣maunded, that vpon the day of Circumcision of our Lord, hee caused 6000. poore people to be fed at Westminster, for the state of the King, the Quéene, and their children: the weake and aged to be pla∣ced in the great Hall:* 1.1486 and in the lesser, those that were most strong, and in reasonable plight: in the Kings Chamber, the children in the Quéenes: and when the King knoweth the charge, he would allow

it in the accounts. The like commaundement, the said King Henry gaue to Hugh Gifford and William Browne, that vpon Fryday next after the Epiphany, they should cause to be fed in the great Hal of Windfor, at a good fire, all the poore and néedy children that could be found, and the kings children, being waighed and measured, their waight and measure to be distributed for their good estates.

In the yeare 1238. the same King Henry kept his feast of Christmas at Westminster,* 1.1487 in the great Hall: so did he in the yeare 1241. where he placed the Legate in the most honourable place of the Table, to wit, in the middest, which the Noble men tooke in euill part: the King sate on the right hand, and the Archbishop on the left, and then all the Prelates and Nobles according to their estates: for the King himselfe set the Guests. The yeare 1242. he likewise kept his Christmas in the Hall, &c. Also in the yeare 1243. Richard Earle of Cornwell the Kings brother, married Cincia, daughter to Beatrice, Countesse of Prouince, and kept his marriage feast in the great Hall at Westminster, with great royalty and company of No∣ble men: insomuch, that there were tolde (triginta milia) 30000. di∣shes of meates at that dinner.

In the yeare 1256. King Henry sate in the Exchequer* 1.1488 of this Hall, and there sette downe order for the appearance of Sheriffes, and bringing in of their accounts: there was fiue Markes set on euery Sheriffes head for a fine, because they had not distrained eue∣ry person, that might dispend fiftéene pound land by the yeare to re∣ceiue the order of Knighthoode, as the same Sheriffes were com∣manded.

In the yeares 1268 and 1269. the same king kept his Christmas feasts at Westminster as before, and also in the same, 1269. he trans∣lated with great solemnitie, the body of king E. the Confessor,* 1.1489 into a new Chapell, at the backe of the high Alter: which Chapell hee had prepaired of a meruailous workmanship, bestowing a new Tombe or Shrine of Golde, and on the day of his translation, hee kept a royall feast in the great Hall of the Pallace: thus much for the feast of olde time in this Hall.

We read also, that in the yeare 1236. the riuer of thames ouer∣flowing the Banques, caused the Marshes about Woolwitch to bee all on a Sea,* 1.1490 wherein Boates and other vesselles were carried

with the streame, so that besides cattell, the greatest number of men women, and children, inhabitants there, were drowned: and in the great Pallace of Westminster, men did rowe with wheries,* 1.1491 in the middest of the hall, being forced to ride to their chambers.

Moreouer, in the yeare 1242. the Thames ouerflowing the banques about Lambhithe, drowned houses and fields, by the space of sixe miles, so that in the great hall at Westminster, men tooke their hor∣sse, because the water ran ouer all. This Pallace was (in the yeare, 1299. the twentie seuenth of Edward the first, brent by a vehement fire,* 1.1492 kindled in the lesser hall of the Kings house, the same with many other houses adioyning, and with the Quéenes chamber, were con∣sumed, but after that repaired. In the yeare, 1313. the 31. of E. the first, the kings treasury at Westminster was robbed,* 1.1493 for y^• which, Wal∣ter Abbot of Westminster,* 1.1494 with 49. of his brethren, and 32. other were throwne into the Tower of London, and indighted of the rob∣berie, of an hundred thousand pound: but they affirming themselues to be cleare of the fact, and desiring the King of spéedie iustice, a com∣mission, was directed for inquirie of the truth, & they were freed. In the yeare 1316 E. the 2. did solemnize his feast of Penticost, at West∣minster, in the great Hall,* 1.1495 where sitting royally at the table, with his Peares about him, there entred a woman adorned like a Minstrell, sitting on a great horse, trapped as Minstrelles then vsed, who rode round about the tables, shewing pastime, and at length, came vp to the kings table, and laide before him a letter, and forthwith turning her horse, saluted euery one, and departed. The letters being opened, had these contents. Our Soueraigne Lord the King, hath nothing courteously respected his knights, that in his fathers time, and also in his owne, haue put forth their persons to diuers perils, and haue vtterly lost, or greatly diminished their substance, for honor of the said King, and he hath inriched aboundantly such as haue not borne the waight as yet, of the businesse, &c. This great Hall was begun to be repaired* 1.1496 in the yeare, 1397. by R••. the 2. who caused the walles, win∣dowes, and roofe, to be taken downe, and newe made, with a stately portch, & diuers lodgings of a meruailous worke, & with great Costs: all which, he leuied of strangers banished, or flying out of their coun∣tries, who obtained license to remain in this land by the kings char∣ters, which they had purchased with great summes of money.

This hall being finished in the yeare, 1399. the same King kept a most royall Christmas there, with dayly Iustings and runnings at Tylt, whereunto resorted such a number of people, that there was euery day spent, twentie eight, or twentie sixe Oxen, and thrée hun∣dreth Shéepe, besides fowle, without number: hee caused a gowne for himselfe to be made of Golde, garnished with Pearle and preci∣ous Stone, to the value of 3000. Markes: he was garded by Cheshiere men, and had about him commonly thirtéene Bishops, besides Barons, Knights, Esquires, and other more then néeded: insomuch, that to the houshold, came euery day to meate 10000. people, as appeared by the messes tolde out from the Kitchen to 300. Seruitors.

Thus was this great Hall for the honour of the Prince often∣times furnished with guests,* 1.1497 not onely in this kings time (a prodi∣gall Prince) but in the time or other also, both before & since, though not so vsually noted. For when it is said, the King held his Feast of Christmas, or such a Feast at Westminster, it may well bee suppo∣sed to bee kept in this great Hall, as most sufficient to such a pur∣pose.

I finde noted by Robert Fabian,* 1.1498 the Chronickler (some∣time a Citizen and an Alderman of London) that king Henry the seuenth,* 1.1499 in the ninth of his raigne (holding his royall feast of Christ∣mas, at Westminster) on the twelfth day, feasted Raphe Austry, then Mayor of London, and his brethren the Aldermen, with other Commoners in great number, and after dinner, dubbing the Ma∣yor Knight, caused him with his brethren, to stay and behold the dis∣guizings and other disports, in the night following, shewed in the great Hall, which was richly hanged with Arras, and Staged about on both sides: which disports being ended in the morning, the King, the Quéene, the Ambassadors, and other states, being set at a table of stone, 60. knights, and Esquires, serued 60. dishes to the Kings Messe, and as many to the Quéenes (neither flesh nor fish) and ser∣ued the Mayor with twentie foure dishes to his Messe, of the same manner, with sundrie wynes, in most plentious wise: and finally, the King and Quéene, beeing conueyed with great lights into the Pallace, the Mayor with his Company in Barges, returned and came to London, by breake of the next day. Thus much for buil∣ding

of this great hall, and feasting therein. It moreouer appeareth, that many Parliaments haue beene kept there:* 1.1500 for I finde noted, that in the yeare 1397. the great Hall at Westminster, beeing out of reparations, and therefore (as it were newe builded by Richard the second, (as is before shewed) the same Richard in the meane time hauing occasion to holde a Parliament, caused for that pur∣pose a large house to be builded in the middest of the Pallace Court, betwixt the clocke Tower, and the gate of the olde great Hall, this house was very large and long, made of timber, couered with Tyle, open on both the sides, and at both the endes, that all men might see and heare what was both sayde and done.

The Kings archers (in number, 4000. Chesh••ire men) com∣passed the house about with their Bowes bent, and Arrowes noc∣ked in their hands, alwayes ready to shoote: they had bouch of court* 1.1501 (to wit, meat and drinke) and great wages, of sixe pence by the day.

The olde great Hall being new builded, Parliaments were a∣gaine there kept as before: namely, one in the yeare 1399. for the deposing of Richard the second. A great part of this Pallace at Westminster was once againe brent in the yeare 1512. the fourth of Henry the eight, since the which time, it hath not béene reedi∣fied: onely the great Hall, with the offices neare adioyning, are kept in good reparations, and serueth as afore it did, for feasts at Coronations, Arraignments of great persons charged with trea∣sons, kéeping of the courts of iustice, &c. But the Princes haue béene lodged in other places about the citie, as at Baynards Castle, at Bridewell, and White Hall, sometime called Yorke Place, and sometimes at S. Iames.

This great Hall hath béene the vsuall place of pleadings, and ministration of Iustice, whereof somewhat shortly I will note. In times past, the courts and benches followed the King, wheresoeuer he went, as well since the conquest, as before, which thing at length being thought combersome, painfull, and chargeable to the people, it was in the yeare 1224. the 9. of H. the 3. agreed, that there should be a standing place appointed, where matters should be heard and iud∣ged, which was in the great Hall at Westminster.* 1.1502

In this Hall, be ordained thrée iudgement seates, to wit, at the entry on the right hand, the common place, where ciuill matters are to be pleaded,* 1.1503 specially such as touch lands, or contracts, at the vpper end of the Hall, on the right hand (or Southeast corner) the Kings bench where pleas of the Crowne haue their hearing: and on the left hand or Southwest corner, sitteth the Lord Chancelor, accompanied with the master of the Rowles, and with certain other of the 11. mē (lear∣ned for the most part in the Ciuill Lawe, and called maisters of the Chauncery)* 1.1504 which haue the Kings fée. The times of pleading in these courts are foure, in the yeare which are called Termes, the first is Hillary Terme, which beginneth the 23. of Ianuarie (if it be not Sunday) and endeth the 12. of Februarie. The second, is Easter Terme, and beginneth 17. dayes after Easter day, and endeth 4. dayes after Assencion day. The third Terme beginneth 6. or seuen dayes after Trinitie Sunday, and endeth the Wednes∣day fortnight after. The fourth is Michelmas Terme, which be∣ginneth the 9. of October (if it be not Sunday) and endeth the 28. of Nouember.

And here is to be noted, that the Kings of this Realme, haue vsed sometimes to sit in person in the Kings Bench, namely, King Edward the fourth, in the yeare, 1462. in Michelmas Terme sate in the Kings Bench* 1.1505 thrée dayes togither, in the open Court, to vn∣derstand how his lawes were ministred and executed.

Within the Port, or entry into the Hall, on either side, are ascendings vp into large chambers: without the Hall adioyning thereunto, wherein certaine Courts be kept, namely, on the right hand, is the court of the Exchequer,* 1.1506 a place of account, for the reue∣newes of the crowne: the hearers of the account, haue Auditors vnder them, but they which are the chéefe for the accounts of the prince, are called Barons of the Exchequer, wherof one is called the chéefe Baron. The greatest officer of al, is called the high Treasurer of England. In this court be heard, those that are delators (or infor∣mers) in popular and penall actions, hauing thereby part of the pro∣fit by the law assigned vnto them.

In this Court,* 1.1507 (if any question bee) it is determined after the order of the common Law of England, by twelue men, and all sub∣sidies,

Taxes, and Customes, by account, for in this office, the Sheriffes of the Shire do attend vpon the execution of the com∣maundements of the iudges, which the Earle should do, if he were not attending vpon the Princes in the Warres, or otherwise about him: for the chéefe office of the Earle was, to sée the Kings iustice to haue course, and to bee well executed in the Shire, and the Princes Reuenewes to bee well aunswered and brought into the Treasury.

If any fines or amerciaments bee extracted out of any of the said courts vpon any man, or any arrerages of accounts, of such things as is of customes, taxes and subsidies, or other such like occa∣sions, the same the Sheriffe of the Shire doth gather, and is answe∣rable therefore in the Exchequer, as for other ordinary rents, of pa∣trimoniall lands, and most commonly of taxes, customes, and sub∣sidies, there be particular receiuers and collectors, which do answer it into the Exchequer. This Court of the Exchequer, hath of olde time (and as I thinke, since the conquest) béene kept at Westmin∣ster, notwithstanding, sometimes remooued thence by commaun∣dement of the king, for a time, and after restored againe, as name∣ly, in the yeare, 1209. King Iohn commaunded the Exche∣quer to be remooued from Westminster, to Northampton, &c.

On the left hand aboue the staire is the Duchie chamber, where∣in is kept, the court for the Duchie of Lancaster, by a Chauncelor of that Duchie, and other officers vnder him.* 1.1508 Then is there in an o∣ther chamber, the office of receits* 1.1509 of the Quéenes Reuenewes, for the Crowne: then is there also, the Starre chamber,* 1.1510 where in the Tearme time euery wéeke once at the least, (which is commonly on Fridayes and Wednesdayes, and on the next day after, the Terme endeth) the Lord Chauncelor and the Lords, and other of the priuie counsell, and the two chief Iustices of England, from 9. of the clock, till it be 11. do sit. This place is called the Starre chamber, because the roofe thereof is decked with the likenesse of Starres guilt, there be plaints heard, of ryots, rowtes, and other misdemeanors, which if they be found by the Kings Councell, the partie the offender, shalbe censured by these persons, which speake one after another, and hee shalbe both fined and commaunded to the prison.

Then at the vpper ende of the great Hall, by the Kings Bench, is a going vp, to a great chamber, called the white Hall, wherein is now kept the Court of Wardes, and Liueries:* 1.1511 and adioyning thereunto, is the Court of Requests.* 1.1512 Then is Saint Stephens chappell,* 1.1513 of olde time founded by King Stephen, and againe since, of a farre more cu∣rious workemanship, newe builded by King Edward the third, in the yeare, 1347. for thirtie eight persons, in that church to serue God, to wit, a Deane, twelue secular Cannons, thirtéene Uickars, foure Clarkes, sixe Chorsles, two Seruitors, to wit, a Uerger, and a kéeper of the Chappell. Hee builded for those, from the house of re∣ceit, along nigh to the Thames, within the same Pallace, there to inhabite, and since that, there was also builded for them, betwixt the the clocke house, and the wooll staple, called the wey-house. Hee al∣so builded to the vse of this chapell, (though out of the Pallace court) some distance West, in the little Sanctuarie,* 1.1514 a strong Clotchard of stone and timber, couered with Leade, and placed therein, thrée belles, about the biggest of the which (as I haue béene informed) was written.

King Edward made mee, Thirtie thousand and three, Take me downe and wey mee, And more shall yee finde mee.

The said King Edward, endowed this chapell with lands, to the yearely value of 500. pound. Doctor Iohn Chambers, the kings phi∣sitian (the last Deane of this Colledge) builded thereunto a cloyster* 1.1515 of curious workemanship, to the charges of 11000. Markes. This chapel (or colledge) at the suppression, was valued to dispend in lands by the yeare 1085. pound 10. shillings 5. pence, and was surren∣dred to E. the 6. since the which time, the same chapell hath serued as a Parliament house.* 1.1516 This Pallace (before the entry thereinto) hath a large court, and in the same, a tower of stone, containing a clocke,* 1.1517 which striketh euery houre on a great bell, to be heard into the Hall, in sitting time of the courts, or otherwise: for the same clock (in a calme) will be heard into the citie of London. King H. the sixt, gaue the kéeping of this clock,* 1.1518 with the Tower, called the clock house and the appurtenances, vnto W. Walsby, Deane of S. Stephens, with the wages of six pence by the day, out of the Exchequer. By this

Tower standeth a Fountaine, which at the Coronations, and other great triumphes, is made to run with wine out of diuers spouts. On the East side of this court, is an arched gate to the riuer of Thames, with a faire bridge and landing place,* 1.1519 for all men that haue occasion. On the North side, is the South end of S. Stephens Alley, or Canon Rowe; and also, a way into the olde wooll staple: and on the west side is a very faire gate begun by Ri. the 3. in the yeare 1484. and was by him builded a great heigth, and many faire lodgings in it, but left vnfinished, and is called the high Tower at Westminster.* 1.1520 Thus much for the Monastery and Pallace, may suffise. And now will I speake of the Gate-house,* 1.1521 and of Totehilstréete, stretching from the West part of the Close. The Gate-house is so called of two Gates, the one out of the colledge court toward the North, on the East side wherof, was the Bishop of Londons prison, for clarkes conuict, and the other gate adioyning to the first, but towards the west, is a gaile, or prison for offenders thither committed. Walter Warfield celerar to the Monastery, caused both these gates with the appurtenances to be builded in the raigne of E. the 3. On the South side of this gate, King H. the 7. founded an almeshouse,* 1.1522 for 13. poore men: one of them to be a Priest, aged 45. yeares, a good Gramarian, the other 12 to be aged fiftie yeares without wiues, euey Satterday the Priest to receiue of the Abbot, or Pryor, 4. pence by the day, and each other 2 pence halfe penny by the day for euer, for their sustenance, and eue∣ry year to each one a gowne and a hood ready made: and to 3. womē that dressed their meat, and kept them in their sicknesse, each to haue euery Satterday 16. pence, and euery yeare a gowne ready made. More to the 13. poore men yearely 80. quarters of cole, and 1000. of good faggots to their vse: in the hall and kitchen of their mansion, a discréete Monk to be ouerseer of them, and he to haue 40. shillings by the yeare, &c. and hereunto was euery Abbot and Pryor sworne. Neareunto this house westward, was an olde chapell of S. Anne,* 1.1523 ouer against the which, the Lady Margaret,* 1.1524 mother to king H. the 7 erected an Almeshouse for poore women, which is now turned into lodgings for the singing men of the colledge: the place wherein this chapell and Almeshouse standeth, was called the Elemosinary or Al∣mory,* 1.1525 now corruptly the Ambry, for that the Almes of the Abbey were there distributed to the poore. And therein Islip Abbet of West∣minster,

first practized and erected the first Presse of booke Printing that euer was in England,* 1.1526 about the yeare of Christ, 1471. From the West gate runneth along Totehill stréete,* 1.1527 wherein is a house of the Lord Gray of Wilton, and on the other side at the entry in∣to Totehill field, Stourton house, which Gyles, the last L. Dacre of the South, purchased and built new, whose Lady, and wife Anne, (sister to Thomas the Lord Buckhurst) left money to her Executors to build an Hospitall for 20. poore women, and so many children to be brought vp vnder thē, or whose maintenance she assigned lands, to the valew of 100. pound by the yeare: which Hospitall,* 1.1528 her Exe∣cutors haue new begun, in the field adioyning. From the entry into Totehil field, the stréete is called Petty Fraunce,* 1.1529 in which, and vpon S. Hermits hill, on the South side thereof, Cornelius van dun (a Brabander borne, Yeomen of the Guard, to King H. the 8. King E. the 6. Quéene Mary and Quéene Elizabeth) built 20. houses for poore women to dwell rent frée:* 1.1530 and neare hereunto was a chappell of Mary Magdalen,* 1.1531 now wholly ruinated. The citie of Westmin∣ster for ciuill gouernment is diuided in 12. seuerall Wardes, for the which, the Deane of the Collegiat church of Westm. or the high Steward, do elect 12. Burgesses, and as many assistants, that is, one Burgesse,* 1.1532 and one Assistant, for euery Warde, out of the which 12 Burgesses, 2. are nominated yearely, vpon Thursday in Easter wéeke, for chief Burgesses to continue for one yeare next following, who haue authoritie giuen them by the Act of Parliament 27. Eliza∣beth, to heare, examine, determine, and punish according to y^• lawes of the Realme, and lawfull customes of the citie of London, matters of incontinencie, common scoldes, inmates, and common annoyan∣ces, and likewise, to commit such persons as shall offend against the peace, and thereof to giue knowledge within 24. houres to some Iu∣stice of peace, in the countie of Midlesex.

Spirituall Gouernor. Gouernors of the Citie of London, and first of the Ecclesiasticall, Bishops, and other Ministers there.

HAuing thus run thorow the description of these cities of London and Westminster, as well in their Originall foundations, as in their increa∣ses of buildings and Ornamēts, togither with such incidēts of sundry sorts, as are before, both generally and particularly discoursed: It re∣maineth, that somewhat bee noted by me, tou∣ching the policie and gouernment, both Ecclesi∣asticall and Ciuill, of London, as I haue already done for West∣minster,* 1.1533 the order wherof, is appointed by late Statute, euen as that of London is maintained by the customes therof,* 1.1534 most laudably v∣sed before all the time of memorie. And first, to begin with the Eccle∣siasticall Iurisdiction, I read, that the Christian faith was first prea∣ched in this Iland (then called Britaine) by Ioseph of Aram••thia, and his brethren Disciples of Christ, in the time of Aruiragus, then Gouernor here, vnder the Romane Emperor: after which time, Lucius (King of the Britaines) sent his Ambassadors Eluanus, and Meduuinus (two men learned in the Scriptures) with letters to E∣leutherius* 1.1535 Bishop of Rome, desiring him to send some deuout and learned men, by whose instruction he and his people might be taught the faith and religiō of Christ. Eleutherius baptised those messēgers, making Eluanus a Bishop, and Meduuinus a Teacher, and sent o∣uer with them into Britaine, two other famous Clerkes, Faganus and Deuuianus, by whose diligence, Lucius and his people of Bri∣taine, were instructed in the faith of Christ, and baptised: the Tem∣ples of Idols, were conuerted into Cathedrall churches, & Bishops were placed where Flāmines before had bin: at London, Yorke, and Carleon vpon Vske, were placed Archbishops, &c. The Epistle said to be sent, by Eleutherius to king Lucius, for the establishing of the faith, ye may read in my Annalles, Sommaries, & Chronicles, truly translated & set downe, as mine author hath it,* 1.1536 for some haue curtol∣led and corrupted it, and then fathered it vpon the reuerend Bede, who neuer wrote word thereof, or otherwise, to that effect.

But to my matter of our London Bishops, as I finde it written: First, there remaineth in the Parish church of Saint Peter vppon Cornhill in Londō, a Table, wherein is written, that Lucius foun∣ded the same church to be an Archbishops See, and Metrapolitane, or chiefe church of his Kingdome, and that it so indured the space of foure hundred yeares, vntill the comming in of Augustine the Moonke, and others, from Rome, in the raigne of the Sax∣ons.

The Archbishops names, I finde onely to be set downe by Io∣celine of Furdes,* 1.1537 in his book of Brittish Bishops, and not elsewhere.

• 1. Thean (saith hee) was the first Archbishop of London in the time of Lucius, who builded the said church of S. Peter, in a place called Cornhill in London, by the ayde of Ciran, chiefe butler to the king Lucius.
• 2. Eluanus was the second, and hee builded a Library to the same Church adioyning, and conuerted many of the Dreudes (learned men in the Paganne lawe) to the Christian faith.
• 3. Cadar was the third: then followed,
• 4. Obinus.
• 5. Conan.
• 6. Paludius.
• 7. Stephen.
• 8. Iltute.
• 9. Dedwin.
• 10. Thedred.
• 11. Hillary.
• 12. Guidelium.
• 13. Vodimus, he was slaine by the Saxons.
• 14. Theanus (the fourtéenth and the last) for he fled with the Bri∣taines into Wales, about the yeare of Chrst, 587. Thus much out of Iocelin of the Archbishops:* 1.1538 the credit whereof I leaue to the iudge∣ment of the learned: for I reade of a Bishop of London (not before named) in the yeare of Christ 326. to bee present at the 2. generall Councell holden at Arles, in the time of Constantine the great, who subscribed thereunto in these wordes, Ex prouincia Bri∣taniae Ciuitate Londinensi Restitutus Episcopus: as plainely appeareth in the first Tombe of the Counsailes.

he writeth not himselfe Archbishop, and therefore maketh the matter of Archbishops doubtfull, or rather ouerthroweth that opinion.

The Saxons being Pagons, hauing chased the Brittons, with the Christian Preachers, into the Mountaines of Wales and Corne∣wall: and hauing deuided this Kingdome of the Brittons amongst themselues, at the length (to wit, in the yeare 596.) Pope Gregorie moued of a godly instinction (sayeth Bede) in the 147. yeare, after the arriual of the Angles (or Saxons) in Britaine, sent Augustine, Miletus, Iustus, and Iohn, with other Moonks, to preach of Gospel, to the said Nation of the Angles in Britaine: these landed in the Ile of Thanet, and were first receiued by Ethelbert, King of Kent, whom they conuerted to the Faith of Christ, with diuers other of his people in the 34. yeare of his Raigne: which Ethelbert gaue vnto Augustine, the Citie of Canterburie.

This Augustine in the yeare of Christ, 604. consecrated Meli∣tus, and Iustus Bishops, appointing Melitus to preach vnto the East Saxons, whose chiefe Citie was London: and there King Sebert Nephewe to Ethelbert by preaching of Melitus, receiued the word of life: the then Ethelbert (King of Kent) builded in the Citie of London, Saint Pauls,* 1.1539 Church wherein Melitus began to bee Bi∣shop, in the yeare, 619.* 1.1540 and sate fiue yeares. Ethelbert by his Char∣ter, gaue lands to this Church of Saint Paule: so did other kings after him: King Sebert through the good life and like preaching of Melitus, hauing receiued Baptisme, To shew himself a Christian, builded a Church, to the honour of God and S. Peter, on the West side of London, which Church is called Westminster, but the Successors of Sebert (beeing Pagannes) expelled Meli∣tus.

Iustus* 1.1541 the second, Bishop for a time, and then Melitus againe: after whose decease, the seate was voyde for a time: at length Si∣gebert (sonne to Sigebert, brother to Sebert) ruled in Essex, heh became a Christian, and tooke to him, a holy man named Cedde, or (Chadde) who wan many by preaching, and good life to the Chri∣stian Religion.

Cedde or (Chad) was by Finan consecrated Bishop of the East Saxons, and he ordered Priests and Deacons in all the parts of Essex, but especially at Ithancaster, and Tilberry.* 1.1542

This Citie (saith Raphe Cogshall* 1.1543) stoode on the banque of the Ri∣uer, Pont that runneth by the Maldun in the hundred of Danesey, but now that Citie is drowned in Paute, so that nothing remaineth but the ruine of the Cittie in the Riuer, Tilburie (both the West and East) standeth on the Thames side, nigh ouer against Graues∣ende.

Wina* 1.1544 expelled from the church of Winchester, by Cenewalche the King, was adopted to be the fourth Bishop of London, in the raigne of Wolferus, King of Mercia, and sat 9. yeares.

Erkenwalde* 1.1545 (borne in the Castle, or towne of Stallingborough in Lindsey) first Abbot of Crotesey, was by Theodore, Archbishop of Canterburie, appointed to be Bishop of the East Saxons, in the Citie of London. This Erkenwald in the yeare of Christ, 677. (be∣fore that he was made Bishop) had builded two Monasteries, one for himselfe (being a Monke) at Crotsey* 1.1546 in the Ile of Crote, in Sur∣rey, by the Riuer of Thames, and an other for his sister Edilburge, being a Nun, in a certaine place, called Berching in Essex: he decea∣sed at Berching, in the yeare, 697. and was buried in Pauls church, and was from thence, translated into the newe Church of Saint Paule, on the eightéenth kallendes of December, in the yeare, 1148.

Waldhere* 1.1547 Bishop of London, Sebba King* 1.1548 of the East Sax∣ons, came to this Waldhere, Bishop of London, and at his hands receiued the habite of a Monke (for at that time, there were Monkes in Pauls Church, as writeth Radulphus Dedicato, and others) to this Bishop he brought a great summe of money, to be bestowed and giuen to the poore, reseruing nothing to himselfe, but rather desired to remaine poore in goods, as in Spirit, for the Kingdome of Heauen: when he had raigned 30. yeare, he deceased at Powles, and was there buried, and lyeth now in a coffin of stone on the North side of the Ile next the Quire.

[year 716.] Ingwaldus the Bishop of London, was at the Consecration of Tatwine, Archbishop of Canterbrie: and hee confirmed the foundation of Crowland in the yeare, seuen hundred sixtéene, (saith Ingulfus) and deceased in the yeare, 744. as saith Ho∣uedon.

• ... [year 746.] Engulfe Bishop of London.
• ... [year 754.] Wichet. or Wigerns Bishop of London.
• ... [year 761.] Eaderightus, or Edbrithe, Bishop of London.
• ... [year 768.] Eadgain or Eadgarus, Bishop of London.
• ... [year 773.] Kenewallth, Bishop of London.
• ... [year 784.] Eadbaldus Bishop of London,
• ... [year 795.] Heatbright, or Hutbright, Bishop of London, deceased 802. saith Heueden.
• ... [year 813.] Osmondus Bishop of London: hee was witnesse to a Charter made to Crowland in the yeare 833. saith Engulfe.
• ... [year 835.] Ethelnothe Bishop of London.
• ... [year 838.] Elbertus, or Celbertus Bishop of London.
• ... [year 841.] Caulfe Bishop of London.
• ... [year 850.] Swithulfus Bishop of London: hee likewise was witnesse to a Charter of Crowland 851.
• ... [year 860.] Edstanus Bishop of London, witnesse to a Charter to Crowland, 860.
• ... [year 870.] Vlsius Bishop of London.
• ... [year 878.] Etheliuardus, Bishop of London.
• ... [year 886] Elstanus Bishop of London, dyed in the yeare 900. saith Asser, and all these (saith the Author of Flores Historiarum) were buried in the old church of S. Paul: but there remaineth memories there.
• ... [year 900.] Theodoricus Bishop of Londō: this man confirmed king Edreds Charter, made to Winchester, in the yeare, 947. whereby it séemeth that he was B. of London of a later time, then he is héere placed.
• ... [year 922.] Welstanus Bishop of London.
• ... [year 941.] Brithelme Bishop of London.
• ... [year 958.] Dunstanus Abbot of Glastonberry, thē B. of Wircestar, & thē B. of London: hee was afterward translated to Canterburie, 960.
• ... [year 960.] Ealfstanns Bishop of London, the 28.
• ... [year 981.] Edgare Bishop of London: hée confirmed the grauntes made to Winchester and to Crowland, 966. and againe to Crowland 970. the Charter of Etheldred, concerning Vlfrunhampton, 996.
• ... [year 1004.] Elphinus Bishop of London.
• ... [year 1010.] Alwinus Bishop of London.
• ... [year 1012.] Alfhune Bishop of London: he was sent into Normandie in the yeare 1013. saith Asser.

• ... [year 1044.] Robert Bishop of London, 7. yeares a Monke of G••met, in Normandie: afterward translated from London to Canterburie.
• ... [year 1050.] Spechasius elected but r••iected by the King.
• ... [year 1051.] William a Norman, Chaplaine to Edward the Confessor, was made Bishop of London, 1051. sate 17. yeares, and deceased 1070. he obtained of William the Conqueror, the Charter of liberties for the Cittie of London, as I haue sette downe in my Sum∣marie.
• ... [year 1070.] Hugh de Orwell Bishop of London: hee died of a Leaprosie when he had sitten fiftéene yeares.
• ... [year 1085.] Mauricius Bishoppe of London: in whose time (to wit, in the yeare, 1086.) the Church of Saint Paul was brent, with the most part of this Citie: and therefore hee laide the foundation of a newe large church, and hauing sitten twentie two yeares, he deceased 1107 saith Paris.
• ... [year 1108.] Richard Beames (or Beamor) Bishop of London, did won∣derfully increase the worke of this church begunne, purchasing the stréetes and Lanes adioyning of his owne money, and hee founded the Monastery of S. Osyth in Essex, he sat Bishop 19. yeares, and deceased, 1127.
• ... [year 1141.] Gilbertus Vniuersalis a Canon of Lyons, elected by Henry the 1. he deceased 1141, when he had sitten 14. yeares.
• ... [year 1152.] Robert de Segillo a Monke of Reading, Whom Mawde the Empresse, made Bishop of London: where hee sate eleuen yeares. Geffrey de Magnauile, tooke him prisoner, at Fulham, and he decea∣sed, 1152.
• ... [year 1158.] Richard Beames, Arch-deacon of Essex, Bishop of London 10. yeares, who deceased 1162.
• ... [year 1163.] Gilbert Folio•• Bishop of Hereford, from whence hee was translated to London, and there sate twentie thrée yeares, and decea∣sed, 1186.
• ... [year 1189.] Richard Fitz Nele the kings treasurer, Arch-deacon of Essex, elected Bishop of London, at Pipwell, 1189. hee sate nine yeares, and deceased 1198. this man also tooke great paines about the buil∣ding of Powles church, and raised, many other goodly buildings in his decease.
• ... [year 1199.] William S. Mary Church, a Norman, Bishop of London,

• who was one of the thrée Bishops that by the Popes commande∣ment executed his interdiction or curse vpon the whole realme of England, but hee was forced with the other Bishops to flie the Realme in 1208. and his Castle at Stortforde in Essex, was by commandement of king Iohn ouerthrown, 1210. This William in company of the Archbishop of Canterbury, and of the Bishop of Ely went to Rome, and there complayned against the King 1212. and returned, so as in the yeare 1215. King Iohn in the Church of Saint Paule, at the hands of this VVilliam tooke vpon him the Crosse for the holy land, hée resigned his Bishopricke of his owne voluntarie, in the yeare 1221. saieth Cogshall.
• ... [year 1221.] Eustachius de Fauconbridge, Treasurer of the Exche∣quer (sayeth Paris) Chancelor of the Exchequer (sayeth Textor, and Cogshall) Bishoppe of London, 1223. whilest at Chelm••s∣forde hee was giuing holy orders, a great Tempest of wind and rayne annoyed so many as came thether, whereof it was gathe∣red, how highly God was displeased with such as came to receiue orders, to the end they may liue a more easie life of the stipendes appointed to Church men giuing themselues to banqueting, and so with vncleane and filthie bodies, (but more vncleane soules) pre∣sume to minister vnto God, the author of purity and cleanenesse. Falcatius de Brent, was deliuered to his custody in the yeare 1224: this Eustacius deceased in the yeare 1228. and was bu∣ried in Paules church, in the southside without the Quire.
• ... [year 1229] Roger Niger Archdeacon of Cholchester, made Bi∣shop of London, in the yeare 1230. (sayeth Paris vppon the feast day of the conuersion of S. Paule) when he was at Masse in the Cathedrall Church of S. Paule, a great multitude of people be∣ing there present, sodenly the weather waxed darke, so as one could skantly sée another, and an horrible thunder clap lighted on the church, which so shooke it that it was like to haue fallen, and there of withall out of a darke cloude proceeded such a flash of such light∣ning, that all the church seemed to bee on fire, whereupon such a stench ensued, that all men thought they should haue dyed, thou∣sandes of men and women, ran out of the Church, and being asto∣nied fell vpon the ground, voide of all sence, and vnderstanding, none of all the multitude tarried in the church, saue the Bishop & one Deacon, which stood still before the high Alter, awaiting the

• will of God, and when the aire was clensed, the multitude retur∣ned into the Church, and the Bishop ended the seruice. This Roger Niger is commended to haue beene a man of worthy life, excellently well learned, a notable Preacher, pleasant in talke, milde of countenance, and liberall at his table, hee fell sicke, and dyed at his Mannor of Bishops hall in Stebunheth, in the yeare 1241. and was buried in Paules Church, on the North side of the Quire, in a fayre Tombe of gray Marble.
• ... [year 1241.] Fulco Basset, Deane of Yorke, Bishop of London, deceased on the 21. day of May, in the yeare 1259. (as sayeth Textor) and was buried in Powles church.
• ... [year 1259.] Henry Wingham Chancelor of England, made Bishop of London, deceased in the yeare 1262, (sayeth Textor) and was buried in Powles Church, on the south side without the Quire in a marble monument.
• ... [year 1262.] Richard Talot Bishop of London, straight waies after his consecration deceased, saith Euersden.
• ... [year 1262.] Henry Sandwich Bishop of London deceased in the yere 1273. as the same Author affirmeth.
• ... [year 1273.] Iohn Cheshull Deane of Poules, Treasurer of Eng∣land, and keeper of the great Seale, was Bishop of London, and deceased in the yeare 1279. saith Euersden.
• ... [year 1280] Fulco Louel, Archdeacon of Colchester, elected bishop of London, but refused the place.
• ... [year 1280.] Richard Grauesend, Archedeacon of Northampton Bishop of London. It appeareth by the Charter warren granted to this Bishop, that in this time there were two woods in the pa∣rish of Stebunhith pertaining to the said Bishop: I haue my selfe knowne the one of them by Bishops Hall, but nowe they are both made plaine, and not to be discerned from other grounds. Some haue fabuled that this Richard Grauesend Bishop of London, in the yeare 1392. the 16. of Richarde of second, purchased the Charter of liberties, to this Citie: which thing hath no possibilitie of trueth, as I haue proued, for hee deceased in the yeare 1303. al∣most 90. yeares before that time. * 1.1549
• ... [year 1303.] Ralphe Baldoke Deane of Paules, Bishop of London consecrated at Lions by Peter Bishop of Alba in the yeare 1307. he was a great furtherer of the new worke of Paules, to wit, y^e east

• end called our lady chapel, & other adioyning this Ralph deceased in y^e yere 1313. & was buried in y^e said Lady Chapel, vnder a flat stone.
• ... [year 1313.] Gilbert Segraue was consecrated Bishop of London, and sate 3. yeares.
• ... [year 1317.] Richard Newport Bishop of London sate 2. yeares, and was buried in Paules Church.
• ... [year 1318.] Stephen Grauesend Bishop of London sate 20. yeares.
• ... [year 1338.] Richard Wentworth or Bentworth, Bishop of London and Chancellour of England, deceased the yeare 1339.
• ... [year 1339.] Ralphe Stratford Bishop of London, he purchased the peece of groūd called Nomans land, besides Smithfield, and dedi∣cated it to the vse of buryall, as before hath appeared: he was borne at Stratford vpon Auon: and therefore builed a chapel to S. Tho∣mas there, he sate 14. yeres, deceased at Stebinhith.
• ... [year 1354.] Michael Norbroke Bishop of London deceased in the yeare 1361. sayth Mirimouth, sate 7. yeares.
• ... [year 1362.] Simond Sudbery Bishop of London sate 13. yeares, translated to be Archebishop of Canterbury in the yeare 1375.
• ... [year 1375.] William Courteny translated from Hereford to the bi∣shopricke of London, and after translated from thence to the Arch∣bishopricke of Canterbury in the yeare 1381.
• ... [year 1381.] Robert Brey broke Chanon of Lichfielde, Bishop of London, made Lord Chancellour in the 6. of Richard the second, sate Bishop 20. yeres, and deceased in the yeare 1404, he was bu∣ried in the said Lady chapel at Paules.
• ... [year 1405.] Roger Walden Treasurer of England, Archbishop of Canterbury, was deposed and after made Bishop of London: hee deceased in the yeare 1406. and was buried at S. Bartilmewes Pryorie in Smithfield.
• ... [year 1506.] Nicholas Bubwithe Bishop of London, Treasurer of England, translated to Salisbury, and from thence to Bathe, and lieth buried at Wells.
• ... [year 1407.] Richard Clifford remoued from Worcester to Lon∣don, deceased 1422. as saith Thomas Walsingham, and was bu∣ried in Paules.
• ... [year 1422.] Iohn Kempe fellow of Martin colledge in Oxford, was made Bishop of Rochester, from whence remoued to Chiche∣ster,

• and thence to London: he was made Lord Chancellour in the yeare 1425. the 4. of Henry the sixt, and was remoued from Lon∣don to Yorke in the yeare 1426. hee sate Archbishop thence 25. yeares, and was translated to Canterbury: hee was afterwards made Cardinall in the yeare 1352. In the Bishop of Londons house at Fulham he receiued the Crosse, and the next day the Pale at the hands of Thomas Kempe Bishop of London, hee deceased in the yeare 1454.
• ... [year 1426.] William Gray Deane of Yorke, consecrated Bishop of London, who foūded a colledge at Thele in Hartfordshire for a Maister & 4. chanons, and made it a cell to Elsing Spittle in Lon∣don it had of old time bene a colledge decayed, and therefore newly founded•• ••hee•• was translated to Lincolne 1431.
• ... [year 1432.] Robert Fitzhugh Archdeacon of Northampton, conse∣crated Bishop of London, sate 5. yeres, deceased in the yeare 1435, and was buried on the south side of the Quire of Pawles.
• ... [year 1435] Robert Gilbert Doctor of Diuinitie, Deane of Yorke, consecrated Bishop of London, sate 12. yeares, deceased 1448.
• ... [year 1449.] Thomas Kempe, Archdeacon of Richmond, consecra∣ted Bishop of London at Yorke house, (now White hall) by the ha••des of his vnckle Iohn Kempe, Archbishop of Canterbury, the eight of Februarie, 1449. he founded a Chappell of the Tri∣nity in the body of S. Pawles Church on the North side, he sate Bishop of London 39. yeares, and 48. dayes, and then deceased in the yeare 1489. was there buried.
• ... [year 1489] Iohn Marshall Bishop of London deceased in the yere 1393.
• ... [year 1493.] Richarde Hall bishop of London, deceased 1495. and was buried in the body of S. Paules Church.
• ... [year 1496.] Thomas Sauage first bishop of Rochester, then bishop of London 5. yeares, was translated to Yorke 1501. where hee sate Archbishop 7. yeres, and was there buried in the yeare 1507.
• ... [year 1502.] William Warrham Bishop of London, made kéeper of the great Seale, sate 2. yeares, was translated to Canterburie
• ... [year 1504.] William Barons Bishop of London, sate 10. moneths, and 11. dayes, deceased in the yeare 1505.
• ... [year 1505.] Richard Fitz Iames fellow of Martin Colledge in Ox∣ford in the raigne of Henrie the 6. was made Bishop of Roche∣ster, after bishop of Chchester, and then Bishop of London, hee

• deceased 1521. and lyeth buried hard beneath the Northwest pil∣lar of the Steple in Pauls, vnder a faire Tombe of Marble, now remoued, ouer the which was builded a faire Chappell of tymber, with stayres mounting thereunto: this chappell was burned with fire from the Steple. 1561.
• ... [year 1521.] Cuthbert Tunstal, doctour of law, Master of the rowles, Lord Priuy Seale, and bishop of London, was thence translated to the bishopricke of Durham in the yeare 1529.
• ... [year 1529.] Iohn Stokley Bishop of London sat 13. yeares, deceased in the yeare 1539, and was buried in the Lady chaple in Pau••es.
• ... [year 1539.] Edmond Boner Doctor of the ciuill law, Archdeacon of Leycester, was elected to London in the yeare 1539. being then Bishop of Hereforde, whilest hee was beyond the ••eas Embassa∣dour for the King. On the first of Septemb. 1549. hee preached at Paules Crosse, for y^• which sermō he was charged before the kings councell by William Latimer Pa••son of S. Lawrence Poltney, and Iohn Hoper, sometime a white Monke, and béeing conuented before certaine Commissioners at Lambith, was for his disobedi∣enc•• to the kings order on the 20. day of the same month ••ent to the Marshalsey and depriued from his bishopricke.
• ... [year 1550.] Nicolas Ridley bishop of Rochester, was elected Bi∣shop of London. This man by his deede dated the xii.day after Christmas, in the 4. yere of Edward the 6. gaue to y^e king the Mā∣nors of Branketrie & Southminster, and the patronage of y^e church of Cogshall in Essex, the Mannors of Stebunheth, otherwise cal∣led Stebinhith and Hackney, in the County of Middlesex, and the Marshe of Stebunheth or Stebinhith: and the aduowson of the vi••••arage of the Parish Church of Cogshall in Essex aforesaide: which graunt was confirmed by the Deane & Chapter of Paules, y^• same day and yere, with exception of such lands in Southminster, Stebunheth and Hacknoy, as only pertained to them. The saide King Edward by his letters patents dated the 16. of Aprill in the said 4. yeare of his raigne graunted to Sir Thomas Wentworth, L. Wentworth L. Chāberlane of y^e kings houshold, for his good ser∣uice before done (a part of the late receiued gift) to witte, the Lord∣ships of Stebunheth and Hackney, and the landes in Shorditch, Holiwel stréete. White chapel, Stratford at Bow, Poplar, North∣stréete,

• Lymehouses, Ratliffe, Cleuestréete, Brockestréete, Myle∣end, Bletenehall gréene, Oldford, Westheth, Kingsland Shakel∣wel, Newinton stréete, Clopton, Churchstréete, welstréete, Hūbar∣ton, Grouestréete, Gūston stréete, alias Morestréete in the coūty of Middlesex, together with the Marshe of Stebinhith &c. the Man∣nor of Hackney was valued at lxi.••.ix••••.i••.••.by yeare; and the Mannor of Stebunhith at cxl.••.viij,•• xi,••.ob. by yeare. This Bi∣shop Nicolas Ridley, for preaching a Sermon at Paules Crosse, on the 16. of Iuly in the yeare 1553. was cōmitted to the Towre of London, where he remained prisoner till the 10. of Aprill in the yeare 1554. and was thence sent to Oxford, there to dispute with the Diuines and learned men of the contrary opinion: and on the 16. of October 1555. hee was burned at Oxford for opinions a∣gainst the Romish order of Sacraments &c.
• ... [year 1553.] Edmond Boner aforesaid being released out of the Mar∣shalsey, was restored to y^e bishoprick of London, by Quéen Mary, on the 5. of August in the yeare 1553. & againe deposed by Quéene Elizabeth, in the moneth of Iuly An. 1559. and was ••ftsoones committed to the Marshalsey, where he died on the 5. of Septemb. 1569. and was at midnight buried amongst other prisoners in S. Georges Churchyard.
• ... [year 1559.] Edmond Grindal Bishop of London, being consecrated the 21 of December 1559. was translated to Yorke, in the yeare 1570. and from thence remoued to Canterbury, in the yere 1574. he died blynd 1583. On the 6. of Iuly, and was buried at Cro∣downe in Surrey.
• ... [year 1570.] Edwine Sands being translated from Worcester to the Bishopricke of London in the yeare 1570. was thence trans∣lated to Yorke in the yeare 1576. and died in the yeare 1588.
• ... [year 1576.] Iohn Elmere Bishop of London deceased in the yeare 1594. on the 3. of Iune, at Fulanham, and was buried in Paules Church, before S. Georges chappel.
• ... [year 1594.] Richard Fletcher, Bishop of Worcester, was on the 30. of December in Paules Church elected Bishop of London, and deceased on the 15. of Iune 1596. Hee was buried in Paules Church, without any solemne funerall.
• ... [year 1597.] Richard Bancroft doctor of Diuinite, nowe sitteth Bi∣shop

• of London in this yeare 1598. being en••taled there.

This much for the succession of the Bishops of London, whose Diocesse containeth y^• city of London, y^• whole shyres in Middlesex and Essex, & a part of Hartfordshyre. These Bishops haue for As∣sistants in the cathedrall Church of S. Paules, a Deane, a Chaun∣ter, a Chauncelor, a Treasurer, 5. Archdeacons, to witte, Lon∣don, Middlesex, Essex, Colchester and S. Albons, and 30. pre∣bendaries: there appertaineth also to the said Church for furniture of the Quire in diuine seruice, and ministration of the sacraments, a Colledge of xij.petychanens, 6. vickars, choral & Queristars. &c.

This Dyocesse is diuided into Parishes, euery Parish hauing his Parson, or vicar at the least, learned men for the most part, and sufficient Preachers to instruct the people. There were in this city & within the suburbs thereof in the raign of Henrie the 2. (as wri∣teth Fitz Stephens) 13. great conuentuall Churches, besides the lesser sort called Parish Churches, to the number of 126. all which conuentuall Churches, and some others since that time founded, are now suppressed and gone, except the cathedrall Church of S. Paule in London, and the colledge of S. Peter at Westminster: of all which Parish Churches though I haue spoken, yet for more ease to the reader, I will here againe set them downe in manner of a Table, not by order of Alphabete, but as they bee placed in the wards and suburbes.

Parish Churches.

• In Portsoken ward Parish Churches 3.
• The Hospitall of S. Katheren serueth for that liberty.
• Trinity in the Minories, for precinct thereof.
• S. Buttolph by Aldgate, the only Parish church for that warde.
• 2 In Towrestréete warde. 4.
• In the Tower S. Peter, for the Inhabitants there.
• Alhallowes Barking by the Tower.
• S. Olaue, in Hart stréete.
• S. Dunstone, in the East.
• 3 In Aldgate warde. 3.
• S. Katharene Christs Church.
• S. Andrewes vndershafte.
• ...

• S. Katheren Colman Churth.
• 4 In Lymestréete ward none. There was S. Mary at the Axe, and S. Augustin in the wall, both suppres∣sed and vnited, the one to Alhallowes in the Wall, in Brodestréete warde, the other to S. Andrewe Un∣dershafte in Lymestréete warde.
• 5 In Bishopsgate warde 3.
• S. Buttolphes without Bishopsgate.
• S. Ethelburge within the Gate.
• S. Helens adioining to the Nuns Priory.
• 6 In Brodestréete warde 6.
• Alhallowes by the Wall.
• S. Peters, the Poore.
• S. Martins Oteswitche.
• S. Benet Fynke,
• S. Bartilmew by the Exchaunge.
• S. Christopher by the stocks market.
• 7 In Cornhill warde 2.
• S. Peter vpon Cornhill.
• S. Michaell vpon Cornhill.
• 8 In Langborne warde 7.
• S. Gabriell Fenchurch.
• S. Dyones Backchurch.
• Alhallowes in Lombardestréete.
• S. Edmond in Lombardestréete.
• Alhalowes Staning at Mart lane end.
• S. Nicolas Acon in Lombardestréete.
• S. Mary Wolnoth in Lombardestréete.
• 9 In Billinsgate warde 5.
• S. Buttolphe by Billinsgate.
• S. Marie on the Hill.
• S. Margaret Patens.
• S. Andrewe Hubert in Eastcheape.
• S. George in Buttolphe lane.
• 10 In Bridgewarde within 4.
• S. Magnus at the bridge foote.
• S. Margaret bridge stréete.
• ...

• S. Leonard Milkechurch Fishstréet hill.
• S. Benet Grasse church.
• 11 In Candlewike stréet 5.
• S. Clements Eastchepe.
• S. Mary Abchurch.
• S. Michael in crooked lane, sometime a Colledge.
• S. Martins Orgars.
• S. Laurence Pountney, sometime a Colledge.
• 12 In Walbrooke warde 5.
• S. Swithen by London stone.
• S. Mary Woolchurch.
• S. Stephen by Walbrooke.
• S. Iohn vpon Walbrooke.
• S. Mary Bothaw.
• 13 In Downegate Warde 2.
• Alhallowes Hay wharfe, in the Roperie.
• Alhallowes the lesse, in the Roperie.
• 14 In the Uintrie Warde 4.
• S. Michael Pater noster in the Royall sometime a Colledge.
• S. Thomas Apostles.
• S. Martin in the Uintrie.
• S. Iames at Garlicke Hith.
• 15 In Cordwainer stréet ward 3.
• S. Anthony in Budge rowe.
• S. Mary Aldmary church.
• S. Mary Bow at the North corner of Cordwayner stréet.
• 16 In Chepe Warde 7.
• S. Benet Shorhoge, or Syth.
• S. Pancrate by Sopars lane.
• S. Mildred in the Poultrie.
• S. Mary Colchurch.
• S. Martin Pomerie in Ironmonger lane.
• Alhallowes in Hony lane.
• S. Laurence in the Iurie.
• The Chappell at Guildhall, sometime a Colledge.
• 17 In Colemanstreete Warde. 4.
• S. Olaue in the olde Iury.
• ...

• S. Margaret in Lothburie.
• S. Stephen in Colemanstréet.
• 18 In Bassings hall ward 1.
• S. Michael at Bassings Hall.
• 19. In Criplegate ward 6.
• S. Mary Aldermanburie.
• S. Alphage sometime an Hospital of Elsing.
• S. Mary Magdalen in Milkestréete.
• S. Albons in Woodstréete.
• S. Michael in Hugen lane.
• S. Gyles without Criplesgate.
• 20. In Aldersgate warde 6.
• S. Mary Stayning
• S. Iohn Zachary.
• S. Olaue in Siluerstreet.
• S. Leonard in Foster lane.
• S. Anne by Aldersgate.
• S. Buttolph without Aldersgate.
• 21. In Faringdon ward within. The Cathedrall church of
• S. Paule, and parish churches 9.
• S. Peters at the crosse in Cheape.
• S. Fauster in Foster lane.
• Christ Church made a parish church of the Gray Fryers church and of two parrish churches, Saint Nicholas and Saynt Ewin, and also an Hospitall for poore children.
• S. Mathew in Fryday stréete.
• S. Augustine by Paules gate.
• S. Faith vnder Paules church.
• S. Martins at Ludgate.
• S. Anne at the blacke Fryers.
• S. Michael at corne by Paules gate.
• Chappell of S. Iames by Criplegate.
• 22 In Bredstréet warde 4.
• Alhallowes in Bredstréete.
• S. Mildreds in Bredstréete.
• S. Iohn Euangelist in Fryday stréete.
• S. Margaret Moyses in Fryday stréete.
• ...

• 23 In Quéene Hith Ward 7.
• S. Trinitie in Trinitie lane.
• S. Nicholas Cold Abbey.
• S. Nicholas Olaue.
• S. Mary Mounthaunt.
• S Michael at Quéenehith.
• S. Mary at Sommers hith.
• S. Peters at Paules wharfe.
• 24. In Castle Baynardes Warde 4.
• S. Benet Hude (or hith) by Paules Wharfe.
• S. Andrew by the Wardrobe.
• S. Mary Magdalen in old fishstréet
• S. Gregory by Paules church.
• 25. In Faringdon Ward without. 7.
• S. Sepulcher without Newgate.
• S. Andrew in Oldborne.
• S. Dunstone in the West
• S. Bartlemew by the Priorie.
• S. Bartlemew the Hospitall.
• S. Briget or Brydes in Fléetstréet.
• S. Parnell in the Temple for the studentes there.
• 26. In the Borough of Southwarke, and Bridge Warde without 4.

S. Sauiors in Southwarke made of twaine, viz. S. Mary Magdalen, and S. Margaret.	Diocesse of Winchester.
S. George the Marter.
S. Thomas the Hospitall.
S. Olaue in Southwarke.

Thus haue ye in the 26. Wardes of London and Bo∣rough of Southwarke, parish Churches to the num∣ber of 1/4.

And in the suburbes adioyning, parish Churches 9. as fol∣loweth.

• S. Mary Magdalen at Bermondsey in the Borough of South∣warke, Diocesse Winton.
• S. Mary Matfelon White chappell.

• S. Leonard Shorditch.
• Iohn Baptist Clearkenwell.
• S. Gyles in the fielde, sometime an Hospitall,
• ...
  • S. Clement Danes without Temple barre.
  • S. Iohn Baptist Sauoy an Hospitall
  in the Dutchy of Lancaster.

In the Citie of Westminster that libertie as followeth.

• The Colledge of S. Peter called Westminster: parish churches twaine.
• S. Margaret a parish church by Westminster.
• S. Martin in the field by Charing crosse.

Thus haue ye in the Wardes of London and in the suburbes of the same cittie, the Borough of Southwarke, and the cittie of Westminster parish churches 123.

The Hospitalles in this Citie and suburbes thereof, that haue beene of old time, and now presently are, I reade of these as followeth.

HOspital* 1.1550 of S. Mary in the parish of Barking church that was prouided for poore priestes, and others, men and women, in the Citie of London, that were fal∣len into frensie or losse of their memorie, vntill such time as they should recouer, was since suppressed and giuen to the Hospitall of S. Katherine by the Tower.

S. Anthonies,* 1.1551 an Hospitall of 13. poore men and colledge, with a frée schoole, for poore mens children, founded by citizens of Lon∣don, lately by Iohn Tare, first a Brewer and then a Mercer, in the Warde of Brodestréet, suppressed in the raigne of Edward the sixt the schoole in some sort remayning, but sore decayed.

S. Bart••lmew in Smithfield,* 1.1552 an Hospitall of great receipt, and reliefe for the poore, was suppressed by Henry the eight, and again by him giuen to the citie, and is endowed by the citizens beneuo∣lence.

S. Gyles in the fields* 1.1553 was an Hospitall for leprose people out of the cittie of London, and shire of Middlesex, founded by Matilde the Quéen, wife to Henry the 1. and suppressed by K. Henry the 8.

S Iohn of Ierusalem* 1.1554 by Westsmithfield, an Hospitall of the knightes of the Rhodes, for maintenance of soldiers against the

Turkes and Infidels was suppressed by king Henry the eight.

S. Iames* 1.1555 in the field, was an Hospitall for leprose virgines of the cittie of London, founded by citizens for that purpose, and sup∣pressed by king Henry the eight.

S. Iohn at Sauoy,* 1.1556 an Hospitall for reliefe of one hundreth poore people, founded by Henry the seuenth, suppressed by Edward the sixt. Againe new founded, indowed and furnished by Quéene Mary, and so remayneth.

S. Katherine by the Tower* 1.1557 of London, an Hospitall with a Maister, brethren and sisters and almes women, founded by Ma∣tilde wife to king Stephen, not suppressed, but in force as afore.

S. Mary within Criplesgate, an Hospitall* 1.1558 founded by William Elsing, for an hundred blind people of the cittie, was suppressed by King Henry the eight.

S. Mary Bethelem* 1.1559 without Bishopsgate was an Hospitall founded by Simon Fitzmary a Citizen of London to haue béene a Priorie: and remayneth for lunaticke people, being suppressed, and giuen to Christes Hospitall.

S. Mary without Bishopsgate was an Hospitall & Priorie cal∣led S. Mary Spittle,* 1.1560 founded by a citizen of London, for reliefe of the poore, with prouision of 180. beddes there for the poore, it was suppressed in the raigne of king Henry the eight.

S. Mary Rounciuall* 1.1561 by Charing crosse, was an Hospitall, suppressed with the Priories Aliens, in the raigne of King Henry the 5. then was it made a brotherhood in the 15. of Edwarde the fourth, and againe suppressed by king Edward the sixt.

S. Thomas* 1.1562 of Acres in Cheape, was an Hospitall for a Mai∣ster and brethren (in the recorde called Militia) it was surrendred and sold to the Mercers.

S. Thomas in Southwarke* 1.1563 being an Hospitall of great receit for the poore, was suppressed, but again newly founded, and indow∣ed by the beneuolence and charitie of the citizens of London.

An Hospitall there was without Aldersgate,* 1.1564 a cell to the house of Cluny, of the French order, suppressed by K. Henry the 5.

An Hospitall there was without Criplesgate,* 1.1565 also a like Cell to the said house of Cluny, suppressed by King Henry the 5.

A third Hospitall was there in Oldborne,* 1.1566 being also a Cell to the said house of Cluny, and was suppressed by king Henry the 5.

The Hospitall, (or Almes house, called Gods house* 1.1567) for 13. poore men, with a Colledge called Whittington Colledge, founded by Richard Whittington Mercer, & suppressed, but the poore re∣maine, and are paid their allowance by Mercers.

Christes Hospitall* 1.1568 in Newgate market of a new foundation in the Greyfryers Church by King Henry the eight: poore father∣lesse children be there brought vp and nourished at the charges of the citizens.

Bridewell now an Hospitall* 1.1569 (or house of correction) founded by king Edward the sixt to be a workehouse for the poore and idle per∣sons of the Citie, wherein a great number of vagrant persons bee now set a worke, and relieued at the charges of the citizens. Of all these Hospitals being twentie in number, you may reade before, as also of good and charitable prouisions made for the poore, by sundry well disposed citizens.

Now of Leprose people, and lazar houses.

IT is to be obserued, that leprose persons were alwaies for auoi∣ding the daunger of infection, to be seperated from the sounde: God himselfe commanding to put out of the host euery leaper, &c.* 1.1570 Wherevpon I reade in a prouinciall smode holden at West∣minster by Hubert Archbishop of Canterburie, in the yeare of Christ 1200. the second of King Iohn it was decréed according to the institution of the Lateran counsaile, that when so many leprose people were assembled, that might be able to build a church with a church yarde for themselues, and to haue one especiall Priest of their owne, that they should be permitted to haue the same with∣out contradiction so they be not iniurious to the old churches, by that which was graunted to them for pitties sake: And further it was decréed, that they be not compelled to giue any tithes of their gardens or increase of cattell.

I haue moreouer hearde that there is a writte in our Law, de leproso amouendo,* 1.1571 and I haue read that King Edward the third in the 20. yeare of his raigne, gaue commandement to the Mayor and Sheriffes of London, to make proclamation in euery Ward; of the Citie and suburbes, that all leprose persons inhabiting there

should auoid within fiftéene daies next, and that no man suffer any such leprose person t•• abide within his house, vpon paine to forfeite his said house, and to incurre the kinges further displeasure: And that they should cause the said Lepers to be remoued into some out places of the fieldes, from the ha••••t or Company of sound people, whereupon certaine Lazar houses (as may bée supposed) were then builded without the Citty, some good distance, to wit, the locke without Southwarke in Kent street, one other betwixt the Miles end, and Stratforde Bow, one other at Kingesland, betwixt Shoreditch, and Stoke Newington, and an other at Knightes Bridge, west from Charing Crosse.* 1.1572 These foure I haue noted to be erected for the receipt of Leprouse people, sent out of the City at that time. Finally I reade that one William Pole Yeoman of the Crowne, being striken with a Leaproste, was desirous to build an Hospitall, with a Chappell to the honor of S. Anthonie for the releefe and harborow of such Leprouse persons, as were de∣stitute in the kingdome, to the end they should not bée offensiue to other in their passing to and fro, for the which cause Edward the fourth did by his Charter dated in the 1••. of his raigne giue vnto the said William for euer a certaine parcell of his land lying in his high way of Highgate, and Holloway, within the County of Middlesex, contayning 60. foot in length, and 34. in bredth.

The temporall gouernment of this Cittie, some∣what in briefe manner.

THis Cittie of London being vnder the gouern∣ment of the Britons, Romaines, and Saxons,* 1.1573 the most ancient and famous citie of the whole realme was at length destroied by the Danes,* 1.1574 and left desolate:* 1.1575 as may appeare by our hi∣stories.* 1.1576 But Aelfred king of the west Sax∣ons, hauing brought this whole realme (from many partes) into one Monarchie, honorablie repaired this Cittie, and made it a∣gaine habitable, and then committed the custodie thereof to his sonne in law Adhered Earle of Mercia: after whose decease the Citie with all other possessions, pertayning to the said Earle re∣turned

to king Edward surnamed the elder•• &c. And so remained in the kings handes, being gouerned vnder him by Portgraues (or Portreues* 1.1577) which name is compounded of the two Saxon words, Porte, and Gerefe or •• Porte betokeneth a Towne, and Gerefe signifieth a Gardian, ruler, or kéeper of the towne.

These Gouernors of old time (saith Robert Fabian* 1.1578) with the lawes and customes then vsed within this cittie, were registred in a booke called the Doomes day, in the Saxon tongue: but of later daies when the said lawes and customes were chaunged, and for that also the saide booke was of a small hande, and sore defaced, it was lesse set by, so that it was imbeseled, and lost. Thus farre Fabian.

Notwithstanding I haue found by fearth of diuers olde Regi∣sters and other records, namely in a booke sometime appertayning to the Monasterie o•• S. Albons,* 1.1579 of the Portgraues and other go∣uernors of this Cittie as followeth.

First, that in the raigne of king Edward the last before the con∣quest, Wolfegare was Portgraue: as may appeare by the char∣ter of the same king,* 1.1580 in these words•• Edward〈…〉〈…〉Alf∣ward 〈…〉〈…〉Wolfe graue my〈…〉〈…〉the Burgesses in London. And afterward that in an other, king Edward grée∣teth William Bishop and Leofstane, and Alffi Portgraues.

In the raigne of William Conqueror, William Bishop of Lon∣don, procure•• of the said Conqueror his charter of liberties, to the same W. Bishoppe and Godfrey, Portgraue, and to all the Bur∣gesses of the citie of London, in as large forme as they enioyed the same in the time of K. Edward before the conquest: and then in the raigne of the said Conqueror, and of William Rufus, Godfrey de Magnauille was Portgraue (or Sheriffe) as may appeare by their Charters, and one Richard de Par was Prouost.* 1.1581

In the raigne of King Henry the first, Hugh Buche was Port∣graue, and Leofstanus Goldsmith Prouost.

After them Aubery de Vere was Portgraue, & Robert Bar Querell Prouost. Tis Auberie de Vere was slain in the raigne of K. Stephen.* 1.1582 It is to be noted also that K. Henry the 1. gran∣ted to the citizens of London, the Shriuewicke thereof, and of Middlesex, as in another place before is shewed.

In the raigne of King Stephen, Gilbet Becket was Portgraue, and Andrew Bucheuet Prouost.

After him, Godfrey Magnauile, the son of William, the sonne of Godrey Magnavile, by the gift of Maulde the Empresse, was Portgraue or Sheriffe of London and Middlesex, forthe yearely farms of thrée hundreth pound, as appeareth by the Charter.

In the time of King Henry the second, Peter Fitz Walter was Portgraue: after him, Iohn Fitz Nigel was Portgraue: after him, Ernulfus Buchel became Portgraue: and after him, William Fitz Isabell. These Portgraues* 1.1583 are also in diuers records called Uice∣counties, Uicounties, or Sheriffes, as béeing vnder an Earle, for that they then, as since, vsed that office as the Sheriffes of London doo till this day. Some authors do call them Domesmen, Eldermen, or Iudges of the Kings Court.

William Fitz Stephen noting the estate of this Cittie, and go∣uernment thereof, in his time vnder the raigne of King Stephen, and of Henry the second, hath these words.

This Cittie (saith hee) euen as Rome, is diuided into words, it hath yearly Sheriffes in stead of Consuls, it hath the dignitie of Se∣nators and Aldermen, it hath vnder Officers, & according to the quallitie of lawes, it hath seuerall Courts, and generall assemblies vpon appoynted daies. Thus much for the antiquitie of Sheriffes, and also of Aldermen, in seuerall Wards of this cittie, may suffice. And now for the name of Bailiffes, and after that, of Maior I finde as followeth.

In the first yeare of King Richard the first, the cittizens of London obtained to be gouerned by 2. Bailiffes,* 1.1584 which balliffes are in diuers auncient déeds called Shriues, according to the spéech of the lawe, which called the Shire Balliua, for that they like as the Portgraues, vsed the same office of Shriuewicke, for the which the citie paid to fée farm of thrée hundreth pounds yearly as afore, since the raigne of Henry the first, which also is yet paid by the citie into the Exchequer vntill this day.

They also obtained to haue a Maior, to bee their principall Go∣uernour and Lieftenant of the cittie, as of the Kings chamber.

• [year 1189.] The names of the first Bailiffes (or Officers) entring into their

• office at the feast of Saint Michael Th'archangell, in the yeare of Christ 1189. were named Henry Cornhill, & Richard Reynere, Bailiffes or Sheriffes.

• Their 1. M. was H. Fitz Alwin, Fitz Liefstane Goldsmith,* 1.1585 ap∣poynted by the said king, and continued M. from the first of Richard the first, vntill the fifteenth of king Iohn, which was twentie foure yeares and more.
• [year 1190.] The second of R. the first, sheriffes Iohn Herlion, Roger Duke. Maior. Henry Fitz Alwin.
• [year 1191.] The third or R. the first, sheriffes William Hauerill, Iohn Buck∣note. Maior Henry Fitz Alwin.
• [year 1192.] The fourth of R. sheriffes Nicholas Duke, Peter Newlay. Maior Henry Fitz Alwin.
• [year 1193.] The fift of R. sheriffes Roger Duke, Richard Fitz Alwin. Ma∣ior Henry Eitz Alwin.
• [year 1194.] The 6. of R. sheriffes William Fitz Isabill, William Fitz Arnold. Maior Henry Fitz Alwin.
• [year 1195.] The seuenth of R. sheriffes Robert Besaunt, Ioke de Iosue. M. Henry Fitz Alwin.
• [year 1196.] The eight of R. sheriffes Gerard de Anteloche, Robert Du∣rant. Maior Henry Fitz Alwin.
• [year 1197.] The ninth of R. sheriffes Roger Blunt, Nicholas Ducket. Maior Henry Fitz Alwin.
• [year 1198.] The tenth of R. sheriffes Constantine Fitz Arnold, Richard de Beaco. Maior Henry Fitz Alwin.

King Iohn beganne his raigne the sixt of Aprill, 1199.

• [year 1199.] The first of King Iohn, sheriffes Arnold Fitz Arnold, Richard Fitz Bartilmew. Maior Henry Fitz Alwin. King Iohn graunted the shrifforicke of London and Middlesex, to the Citizens thereof, as king Henry the first before him had done, for the sum of thrée hundreth pound yearely. Also hée gaue them au∣thoritie to chuse and depriue their sheriffes at their pleasure.
• [year 1200.] The second sheriffes Roger Dorsit, Iames Bartilmew. M. Hen∣ry Fitz Alwin.
• [year 1201.] The third sheriffes, Walter Fitz Alis, Simon de Aldermanbu∣ry. Maior Henry Fitz Alwin.

• [year 1202.] The fourth sheriffes, Norman Blundell, Iohn de Glie. M. Hen∣ry Fitz Alwin.
• [year 1203.] The fift sheriffes, Walter Browne, William Chamberlaine. M. Henry Fitz Alwin.
• [year 1204.] The sixt sheriffes, Thomas Hauarell, Hamond Brond. M. Hen∣ry Fitx Alwin.
• [year 1205] The seuenth sheriffes, Iohn Walgraue, Richard Winchester. Maior Henry Fitz Alwin.
• [year 1206.] The eight sheriffes, Iohn Holiland, Edmond Fitz Garrard. M. Henry Fitz Alwin.
• [year 1207.] The ninth sheriffes, Roger Winchester, Edmond Hardle. M. Henry Fitz Alwin.
• [year 1208.] The tenth sheriffes, Peter Duke, Thomas Nele. M. Henry Fitz Alwin. The King by his letters pattents, granted to the cittizens of Lon∣don, libertie and authoritie yearely to chuse to themselues a Maior.
• [year 1209.] The eleuenth sheriffes, Peter le Iosue, William Blund. Maior Henry Fitz Alwin.
• [year 1210.] The twelfth sheriffes, Adam Whetley, Stephen Grace. Maior Henry Fitz Alwin
• [year 1211.] The thirteenth sheriffes, Iohn Fitz Peter, Iohn Garland. M. Henry Fitz Alwin.
• [year 1212.] The foureteenth sheriffes, Randolfe Giland, Constantin Iosue. Maior Henry Fitz Alwin. This Henry Fitz Alwin deceased, and was buried in the Prio∣rie of the holy Trinitie, neare vnto Aldgate.
• [year 1213.] The fifteenth sheriffes, Martin Fitz Alis, Peter Bate. M. Roger Fitz Alwin. This yeare the ditch about London was begunne to bée made of two hundreth foote broad, by the Londoners.
• [year 1214.] The sixteenth sheriffes, Salamon Basing, Hugh Basing. Maior Sorle Moroor.
• [year 1215.] The seuenteenth sheriffes, Iohn Trauars, Andrew Neuland. M. William Hardle.

King Henry the third, beganne his raigne the 19. of Octo∣ber, 1216.

• [year 1216] The 1. sheriffes, Benet Senturer, William Bluntiuars. M. Iames

• Alderman for part, and Salomon Basing for part.
• [year 1217.] The second sheriffes, Thomas Bokerell, Raphe Eiland. Ma∣ior, Serle Mercer.
• [year 1218.] The third Sheriffes, Iohn Viel, Iohn le Spicer. Maior, Serle Mercer. The forrest of Middlesex, and the waren of Stanes, were this year disasorested.
• [year 1219.] The fourth Sheriffes, Richard Wimbledon, Iohn Viel. Maior, Sorle Mercer.
• [year 1220.] The fift sheriffes, Richard Renger, Iohn Viel. Maior, Serle Mercer.
• [year 1221.] The sixt sheriffes, Richard Renger, Thomas Lambart. Maior, Serle Mercer.
• [year 1222.] The seuenth sheriffes, Richard Rengar, Thomas Lambart. Ma∣ior, Serle Mercer Constantine Fitz Alulf raised great troubles in this cittie, and was hanged with his Nephew and other.
• [year 1223.] The eight sheriffes, Iohn Trauars, Andrew Bokerell. Maior, Richard Rengar.
• [year 1224.] The ninth sheriffes, Iohn Trauars, Andrew Bokerell. Maior, Richard Rengar. The King graunted to the communaltie of London, to haue a common seale.
• [year 1225.] The tenth sheriffes, Roger Duke, Martin Fitz William. Maior Richard Rengar.
• [year 1226.] The eleuenth sheriffes, Roger Duke, Martin Eitz William. M. Richard Renger. This yeare the King confirmed to the cittizens of London, frée waren or libertie to hunt a certaine circuite about the citie, in the wa∣ren of Stanes, &c. And also that the cittizens of London should passe tole-frée throughout all England, & that the keddles (or weres) in the riuer of Thames, and midway should bée plucked vp and destroyed for euer, &c.
• [year 1227.] The twelfth sheriffes, Stephen Bokerell, Henry Cocham. Maior, Roger Duke.

• [year 1228.] The 13. Sheriffes, Stephen Bokerell, Henry Cocham. Mayor Roger Ducke.
• [year 1229.] The 14. Sheriffes,William Winchester, Robert Fitz Iohn. Mayor Roger Ducke.
• [year 1230.] The 15. Sheriffes, Richard Walter, Iohn de Woborne. Maior Roger Ducke.
• [year 1231.] The 16. Sheriffes, Michael S. Helan. Walter de Buffell. Ma∣ior. Andrew Bokerell Peperar.
• [year 1232.] The 17. Sheriffes, Henry de Edmonton, Gerard Bat. M. An∣drew Bokerell Peperar.
• [year 1233.] The 18. Sheriffes, Simon Fitz Mary, Roger Blunt. M. Andrew Bokerell. Peperar.
• [year 1234.] The 19. Sheriffes, Raphe Ashwye, Iohn Norman. M. An∣drew Bokerell Peperar.
• [year 1235.] The 20. Sheriffes, Gerard Bat, Richard Hardle. M. Andrew Bokerell Peperar. This yeare Walter Brune citizen of London, and Rosia his wife, founded S. Mary Spittle without Bishops gate.
• [year 1236.] The 21. Sheriffes, Henry Cocham, lordan of Couentry. M. Andrew Bokerell Peperar
• [year 1237.] The 22. Sheriffes, Iohn Toloson, Gerueis the Cordwaynar. M. Andrew Bokerell Peperar
• [year 1238.] The 23. Sheriffes, Iohn Codras, Iohn Wilhall. M. Ri. Rengar.
• [year 1239.] The 24. Sheriffes, Roger Bongey, Raphe Ashwy. M. William loyner. This Wil. Ioyner, builded the quier of the Gray Fryers church in London, and became a lay brother of that house.
• [year 1240.] The 25. Sheriffes, Iohn Gisors, Michell Tony. M. Gerard Bat. This yeare, Aldermen of London were chosen, and chaunged yearely, but that order lasted not long.
• [year 1241.] The 26. Sheriffes, Thomas Duresme, Iohn Viel. M. Roger Bongy.
• [year 1242.] The 27. Sheriffes, Iohn Fitz Iohn, Raphe Ashwy. M. Roger Longey.
• [year 1243.] The 28. Sheriffes, Hugh Blunt, Adam Basing. M. Raphe Ashwy.

• [year 1244.] The 29. sheriffes, Raphe Foster, Nicholas Bat. Maior, Mi∣chael Tony.
• [year 1245.] The 30. sheriffes, Robert of Cornhil, Adam of Bomtley. Maior, Iohn Gisors Peperar.
• [year 1246.] The 31. sheriffes, Simon Frowicke, Lawrence Fitz Marie. M. Iohn Gisors, Peperar. Simon Fitz Marie, founded the Hospitall of Marie, called Bethe∣lem, without Bishopsgate.
• [year 1247.] The 32. sheriffes, Iohn Viel, Nicholas Bat. Maior, Peter Fitz Alwin.
• [year 1248.] The 33. sheriffes, Nicholas Fitz losey, Geffrey Winchester. Maior, Michel Tonny.
• [year 1249.] 34. sheriffes, Iohn Tholason, Richard Hardell. M. Roger Fitz Rengar.
• [year 1250.] The 35. sheriffes, Humfrey Bas, William Fitz Richard. Maior, Iohn Norman. The King graunted that the Maior should bée presented to the Barrons of the Exchecquer, and they should admit him.
• [year 1251.] The 36. sheriffes, Lawrence Frowicke, Nicholas Bas. Maior, Adam Basing.
• [year 1252.] The 37. sheriffes, William Durham, Thomas Wimborne. M. Iohn Tolason Draper. The liberties of this citie were seized, the Maior charged that hée looked not to the sise of bread.
• [year 1253.] The 38. sheriffes, Iohn Northampton, Richard Pickard. Maior, Richard Hardell Draper.
• [year 1254.] The 39. sheriffes, Raphe Ashwie, Robert of Limon. Maior, Ri∣chard Hardell Draper.
• [year 1255.] The 40. sheriffes, Stephen Doo, Henry Walmond, Richard Hardle Draper. The Maior, diuers Aldermen, and the sheriffes of London, were depriued, and other placed in their roomes.
• [year 1256.] The 41. sheriffes, Michaell Bockerill, Iohn the Minor, Maior, Richard Hardle Draper.
• [year 1257.] The 42. sheriffes, Richard Owel, William Ashwie. Maior, Ri∣chard Hardle Draper.

• The King caused the walles of this cittie to be repaired and made with bulwarkes.
• [year 1258.] The 43. sheriffes, Robert Cornhill, Iohn Adrian. Maior, Ri∣chard Hardle Draper.
• [year 1259.] The 44. sheriffes, Iohn Adrian, Robert Cornhill. Maior, Iohn Gisors Peperar.
• [year 1260.] The 45. sheriffes, Adam Browning, Henry Couentrie. Maior, William Fitz Richard.
• [year 1261.] The 46. sheriffes, Iohon Northampton, Richard Picard. M. William Fitz Richard.
• [year 1262.] The 47. sheriffes, Iohn Tailor, Richard Walbrooke. Maior, Thomas Fitz Richard.
• [year 1263.] The 48. sheriffes, Robert de Mountpiler, Osbert de Suffolke. Maior T. Fitz T. Fitz Richard. The Cittizens of London fortified the cittie with yron chaines, drawne thwart their stréetes.
• [year 1264.] The 49. sheriffes, Gregorie Rokesley, Thomas de Doford. M. Thomas Fitz Thomas, Fitz Richard.
• [year 1265.] The 50. sheriffes, Edward Blund, Peter Angar. Maior, Tho∣mas Fitz T. Fitz Richard. The chaines and postes in London were plucked vp, the Maior and principall Cittizens committed to ward, and Othen Constable of the Tower, was made Custos of the Citie, &c.
• [year 1266.] The 51. sheriffes, Iohn Hind, Iohn Walrauen. Maior, William Richards. The Earle of Glocester entered the cittie with an armie, and therein builded bulwarkes, cast trenches, &c.
• [year 1267.] The 52. sheriffes, Iohn Adrian, Lucas de Batencourte. Maior, Alen le Sonche. Thomas Fitz Theobalde, and Agnes his wife, founded the Hos∣pitall of S. Thomas of Acon in Westcheape.
• [year 1268.] The 53. sheriffes, Walter Haruy, William Duresme,. T. Wim∣born. M. Sir Stephen Edesworth. A varience fell in London between the Goldsmiths and the Tai∣lors, where through many men were slaine.

• [year 1269.] The 54. Sheriffes, Thomas Basing, Robert Cornhill. M. Hugh Fitz Thomas.
• [year 1270.] The 55. Sheriffes, Walter Potter, Philip Tailor. M. Iohn A∣drian Uintoner.
• [year 1271.] The 56. Sheriffes, Gregorie Roksley, Henry Waleys. M. Iohn Adrian Uintoner. The stéeple of Bowe Church in Cheape, fell downe, and slew ma∣ny people.
• [year 1272.] The 57. Sheriffes, Richard Paris, Iohn de Wodeley. M. S. Wal∣ter Haruy. Custus, H. Frowicke Peperar, for part of that yeare.

King Edward the first, began his raigne, the 16. of Nouember. 1272.

• [year 1273.] The 1. Sheriffes, Iohn Horne, Walter Potter. M. Sir Walter Haruy Knight.
• [year 1274.] The 2. Sheriffes, Nicholas Winchester, Henry Couentry. M. Henry Walles.
• [year 1275.] The 3. Sheriffes, Lucas Batecorte, Henry Frowicke. M. Gre∣gory Roksley: chéefe Say maister of all the Kings Mints, through∣out England: and kéeper of the Kings Exchange.
• [year 1276.] The 4. Sheriffes, Iohn Horne, Raphe Blunt. Mayor, Gregory Roksley.
• [year 1277.] The 5. Sheriffes, Robert de Arar, Raphe L. Fewre. M. Grego∣ry Rocksley.
• [year 1278.] The 6. Sheriffes, Iohn Adrian, Walter Langley. M. Gregory Roksley.
• [year 1279.] The 7. Sheriffes, Robert Basing, William Maraliuer. M. Gre∣gory Roksley.
• [year 1280.] The 8. Sheriffes, Thomas Fox, Raphe Delamere. M. Gregory Roksley.
• [year 1281.] The 9. Sheriffes, William Farendon, Nicholas Winchester. M. Gregory Roksley. This William Farindon Goldsmith, one of the Sheriffes, was father to Nicholas Farindon: Of these two, Farindon Warde tooke that name.
• [year 1282.] The 10. Sheriffes, William Maraliuer, Richard Chigwell. M. Henry Walleis.

• This Henry Walleis builded the Tunne vpon Cornhill to bee a prison, and the stocks to be a market house.
• [year 1283.] The 11. Sheriffes, Raphe Blund, Anketrin de Betanil. M. Hen∣ry de Walleis.
• [year 1284.] The 12. Sheriffes, Iordane Goodcheape, Martin Box. Maior, Henry Walleis. Lawrence Ducket Goldsmith, murdred in Bowe church, and the murtherers hanged.
• [year 1285.] The 13. Sheriffes, Stephen Cornhill, Robert Roksley. Mayor, Gregory Roksley. Custus, Raphe Sandwitch, and Iohn Bri∣ton. It was ordained, that Millars should haue but one halfe penney for a quarter of Wheate grinding, and the great water conduit in Cheape, was begun to be made.
• [year 1286.] The 14. Sheriffes, Walter Blunt, Iohn Wade. C. Raphe Sandwitche. Wheate was sold at Lon. for 16. pence, and for 12. pence the quarter.
• [year 1287.] The 15. Sheriffes. Thomas Cros. Walter Hawtoune. C. Raphe Sandwitche.
• [year 1288.] The 16. Sheriffes, William Hereforde, Thomas Stanes. C. Raphe Sandwitch.
• [year 1289.] The 17. Sheriffes, William Betaine, Iohn Canterbury. C. Raphe Sandwitch, Raphe Barnauars, and sir Iohn Britaine. This yeare a subsidie was graunted, for the reparations of Lon∣don Bridge.
• [year 1290.] The 18. Sheriffes, Falke S. Edmond, Salamon le Sotell. C. Sir Iohn Birton knight.
• [year 1291.] The 19. Sheriffes, Thomas Romaine, William de Lier. C. sir Iohn Briton knight, Raphe Sandwitch.
• [year 1292.] The 20. Sheriffes, Raphe Blunt, Hamo. Box. C. Raphe Sand∣witch.
• [year 1293.] The 21. Sheriffes, Henry Bole, Elias Russell. C Raphe Sand∣witch. Thrée men had their right hands cut off, at the Standerd in Cheape, for rescuing of a prisoner, arrested by a Sergeant of Lon∣don.

• [year 1294.] The 22. Sheriffes, Robert Rokesley the younger, Martin A∣mersbery. C. Raphe Sandwitch.
• [year 1295.] The 23. sheriffes, Henry Box, Richard Glocester, C. Sir Raphe Sandwitch.
• [year 1296.] The 24. sheriffes, Iohn Dunstable, Adam de Halingbery. C. Sir Iohn Britton. This yeare all the liberties of the cittie were restored, the maio∣raltie excepted.
• [year 1297.] The 25. Sheriffes, Thomas of Suffolke, Adam of Fulham. C. Sir Iohn Briton.
• [year 1298.] The 26. Sheriffes, Richard Refham, Thomas Sely. Maior, Henry Walleis. Certaine cittizens of London brake vp the Tunne vppon Corn∣hill, and tooke out prisoners, for the which they were greeuously pu∣nished.
• [year 1299.] The 27. Sheriffes, Iohn Armenter, Henry Fingene. Maior, E∣lias Russell.
• [year 1300.] The 28. Sheriffes, Lucas de Hauering, Richard Champs. Ma∣ior, Elias Russell.
• [year 1301.] The 29. Sheriffes, Robert Callor, Peter de Bosenho. Maior, S. Iohn Blunt Knight.
• [year 1302.] The 30. Sheriffes, Hugh Pourt, Simon Paris. Maior, Sir Iohn Blunt.
• [year 1303.] The 31. Sheriffes, William Combmartin, Iohn Bucford. C. Sir Iohn Blunt.
• [year 1304.] The 32. Sheriffes, Roger Paris, Iohn de Lincolne. C. Sir Iohn Blunt. Geffrey de Hertilepole Alderman, was elected to be Recorder of London, and tooke his oath, and was appoynted to weare his ap∣parrell as an Alderman.
• [year 1305.] The 33. Sheriffes, William Cosine, Reginald Thunderley. C. Sir Iohn Blunt.
• [year 1306.] The 34. Sheriffes, Geffrey Cundute, Simon Bilet. C. Iohn Blunt. Seacoale was forbidden to be burned in London, Southwarke, &c.

Edward the second began his raigne the 7. of Iuly, the yeare of Christ 1307.

• [year 1307.] The first Sheriffe, Nicholas Pigot, Nigellus Drury. Maior, Sir Iohn Blunt.

• [year 1308] The second Sheriffes, William Basing, Iames Botenar. Maior, Nicholas Farindon Goldsmith.
• [year 1309.] The third Sheriffes, Roger le Paumer, Iames of S. Edmond. Maior, Thomas Romaine.
• [year 1310.] The fourth Sheriffes, Simon de Corpe, Peter Blakney. Maior, Richard Reffam Mercer. The King commaunded the Maior and Communaltie, to make the wall of London, from Ludgate to Fléetebridge, and from thence to the Thames.
• [year 1311] The fift Sheriffes, Simon Merwod, Richard Wilford. Maior, Sir Iohn Gisors Peperar. Order was taken, that Merchant strangers should sell their wares within fortie daies after their arriuall, or else the same to bée forfei∣ted.
• [year 1312.] The sixt Sheriffes, Iohn Lambin, Adam Lutken. Maior, Sir Iohn Gisors Peperar.
• [year 1313.] The seuenth Sheriffes, Robert Gurden, Hugh Garton. Maior, Nicholas Farindon Goldsmith. Prices set on victuals, a fat stalled oxe foure & twentie shillings, a fat mutton twentie pence, a fat goose two pence halfe penny, a fat ca∣pon two pence, a fat hen one penny, two chickens one penny, thrée pigeons one penny, twentie foure egges one penny, &c.
• [year 1314.] The eight Sheriffes, Stephen Abingdon, Hamond Chigwell. Maior, Sir Iohn Gisors Peperar. Famine and mortallitie of people, so that the quicke might vn∣nethe burie the dead. Horse flesh and dogges flesh was good meate.
• [year 1315.] The nine Sheriffes, Hamond Goodchape, William Bodelay. Maior, Stephen Abendon.
• [year 1316.] The tenth Sheriffes, William Canston, Raphe Balancer. Ma∣ior, Iohn Wingraue. An early Haruest, a buschell of wheat that had béen solde for ten shillings, was now sold for ten pence, &c.
• [year 1317.] The eleuenth Sheriffes, Iohn Prior, William Furneis. Maior, Iohn Wingraue. Such a murren of kine, that dogges and rauens that fed on them were poysoned.
• [year 1318.] The twelfth Sheriffes, Iohn Pontell, Iohn Dalling. Maior, Iohn Wingraue.
• [year 1319.] The 13. Sheriffes, Simon Abindon, Iohn Preston. M. Hamond

• Chickwell Peperar. Iohn Gisors late Mayor of London, and many other citizens fled the citie, for things laid to their charge.
• [year 1320.] The 14. sheriffes, Renauld at Conduit, William Produn. M. Nicholas Farendon Goldsmith.
• [year 1321.] The 15. sheriffes, Richard Constantine, Richard Hackney. M. Hamond Chickwell, Peperar.
• [year 1322.] The 16. sheriffes, Iohn Grantham, Richard Elie. M. Hamond Chickwell Peperar. Fish, and flesh market, established at the stocks in y^e midde of y^e citie.
• [year 1323.] The 17. sheriffes, Adam of Salisbury, Iohn of Oxford. M. Ni∣cholas Farindon Goldsmith. Of this Nicholas Farindon, and of William Farindon his father, reade more in Farindon Warde.
• [year 1324.] The 18. sheriffes, Benet of Fulham, Iohn Cawson. M. Hamond Chickwell Peperar.
• [year 1325.] The 19. sheriffes, Gilbert Mordon, Iohn Cotton. M. Hamond Chickwell Peperar. The Citizens of London tooke the Bishop of Excester, and cut off his head, at the standert in Cheape.
• [year 1326.] The 20. sheriffes, Richard Rothing, Roger Chaunteclere. M. Richard Britaine Goldsmith. This Richard Rothing, is said, to new build the Parish church of S. Iames, at Garlike Hithe.

Edward the third, began his raigne, the 25. of Ianuarie, the yeare 1326.

• ...

  This King Edward graunted, that the Mayor should be Iustice for the Gaile deliuery at Newgate, that the Citizens of London should not bee constrained to goe out of the Citie of London to any warre. More, hee granted, that the liberties and franchesies of the citie, shuld not after this time, for any cause, be taken into the kings hands, &c.

• [year 1327.] The 1. sheriffes, Henry Darcie, Iohn Hauten. Mayor. Hamond Chickwell Peperar. This yeare, the Walles of London were repaired.
• [year 1328.] The 2. sheriffes, Simon Francis, Henry Combmartin. M. Iohn Grantham.

• [year 1329.] The third sheriffes, Richard Lazar, William Gisors. Maior, Ri∣chard Swandland. This yeare, the King kept a great Iusting in Cheape, betwixt Sopers lane and the great crosse.
• [year 1330.] The fourth sheriffes, Robert of Elie, Thomas Whorwode. M. Sir Iohn Pultney Draper.
• [year 1331.] The fift sheriffes. Iohn Mocking, Andrew Auberie. Maior. Sir Iohn Pultney Draper.
• [year 1332.] The sixt sheriffes, Nicholas Pike, Iohn Husbond. Maior, Iohn Preston Draper. This yeare was founded Elsings Spittle, by William Elsing Mercer, that became first Prior of that Hospitall.
• [year 1333.] The seuenth sheriffes, Iohn Hamond, William Hansard. Maior, Sir Iohn Pultney Draper.
• [year 1434.] The eight sheriffes, Iohn Hingstone, Walter Turke. Maior, Reginald at Conduct Uintoner.
• [year 1335.] The ninth sheriffes, Walter Motdon, Richard Vpton. Maior, Nicholas Woton.
• [year 1336.] The tenth sheriffes, Iohn Clarke, William Curtes. Maior, Sir Iohn Pultney Draper. This Sir Iohn Pultney founded a Colledge in the Parish church of Saint Lawrence by Candle wéeke stréete.
• [year 1337.] The eleuenth sheriffes, Walter Nele, Nicholas Crane. Maior Henry Darcy. Walter Nele Bladesmith, gaue lands to the repairing of the high∣waies about London.
• [year 1338.] The twelfth sheriffes, William Pomfret, Hugh Marbeler. Ma∣ior Henry Darcy.
• [year 1339.] The thirtéenth sheriffes, William Thorney, Roger Frosham. M. Andrew Auburie Grocer.
• [year 1340.] The fouretéenth sheriffes, Adam Lucas, Bartilmew Maris. Ma∣ior, Andrew Aubery Grocer.
• [year 1341.] The fiftéenth sheriffes, Richard de Barking, Iohn de Rokesley. Maior, Iohn of Oxenford Uintoner.
• [year 1342.] The sixtéenth sheriffes, Iohn Loueken, Richard Riflingbury. M. Simon Francis Mercer. The price of Gascone wines at London, not to bee solde aboue foure pence the gallon, and Reinish wine sixe pence the gallon.

• [year 1343.] The 17. sheriffes, Iohn Steward, Iohn Aylesham. M. Iohn Ha∣mond.
• [year 1344.] The 18. sheriffes, Geffrey Wichingham, Thomas Leg. M. Iohn Hamond.
• [year 1345.] The 19. Sheriffes, Edmond Homenhall, Iohn of Glocester. M. Richard Leget.
• [year 1346.] The 20. sheriffes, Iohn Croyden, William Cloptun. M. Geffrey Witchingham.
• [year 1347.] The 21, sheriffes, Adam Brapsen, Richard Bas. M. Tho. Leggy Skinner. King Edward wonne Callis from the French.
• [year 1348.] The 22. sheriffes. Henry Picaid, Simon Dolseby. M. Iohn Loue∣ken Fishmoonger. A great pest. Sir Walter Manny Knight, founded the Charter∣house by smithfield, to be a buriall for the dead.
• [year 1349.] The 23. sheriffes, Adam of Bury. Raphe of Lym. M. Walter Turke Fishmoonger.
• [year 1350.] The 24. sheriffes, Iohn Notte, William Worcester. M. Richard Killingbury.
• [year 1351.] The 25. sheriffes, Iohn Wrothe, Gilbert of Stenineshorp. M. Andrew Aubury Grocer.
• [year 1352.] The 26. sheriffes, Iohn Peche, Iohn Stotley. M. Adam Frauncis Mercer. This Mayor procured an act of Parliament, that no knowne whore, should weare an hoode, or attire on her head, except reied, or striped cloth of diuers colours, &c.
• [year 1353.] The 27. sheriffes, William Wilde, Iohn Little. M. Adam Fran∣cis, Mercer. This Adam Francis, was one of the founders of the Colledge in Guildhall chappell, &c. Henry Frauncis was the other.
• [year 1254.] The 28. sheriffes, William Totingham, Richard Smelt. Mayor Thomas Leggy Skinner. Aldermen of London, were vsed to be changed yearely, but now it was ordained, that they should not be remooued, without some spe∣ciall cause.
• [year 1355.] The 29. sheriffes, Walter Forster. Thomas Brandon. M. Simon Francis mercer.

• [year 1356.] The 30. sheriffes, Richard Notingham, Thomas Dossell. M. Henry Picard, Uintoner. This Henry Picard, feasted the kings of England, of France, Ci∣pres, and Scots, with other great estates, all in one day.
• [year 8357.] The 31. sheriffes, Stephen Candish, Bartilmew Frostling. Mayor, sir Iohn Stody Uintoner. This Iohn Stody gaue tenements to the Uintoners in London, for reléefe of the poore of that company.
• [year 1358.] The 32. sheriffes, Iohn Barnes, Iohn Buris. Maior Iohn Louekin Stockfishmoonger.
• [year 1359.] The 33. sheriffes, Simon of Benington, Iohn of Chichister. M. Simon Dolseby Grocer.
• [year 1360.] The 34. sheriffes, Iohn Denis, Walter Berny. M. Iohn Wroth Fishmoonger.
• [year 1361.] The 35. sheriffes, William Holbech, Iames Tame. Maior Iohn Peche Fishmoonger.
• [year 1462.] The 36. sheriffes, Iohn of S. Albons, Iames Andrew. M. Stephen Gondish Draper.
• [year 1363.] The 37. sheriffes, Richard Croyden, Iohn Litoft, M. Iohn Not Peperar.
• [year 1364.] The 38. sheriffes, Iohn de Mitford, Simon de Mordon. Mayor Adam of Bury Skinner.
• [year 1365.] The 29. sheriffes, Iohn Bukulsworth, Thomas Ireland. Mayor, Iohn Louekin Fishmoonger, and Adam of Bury Skinner.
• [year 1366.] The 40. sheriffes, Iohn Warde, Thomas of Lee. M. Iohn Lof∣kin, Fishmoonger. This Iohn Lofkin, builded the Parish church of S. Michaell in Crooked Lane.
• [year 1367.] The 41. sheriffes, Iohn Turngold, William Dykeman. Mayor Iames Andrew Draper.
• [year 1368.] The 42. sheriffes, Robert Cordeler, Adam Wimondham. Ma∣ior, Simon Mordon, Stockfishmoonger. This yeare, Wheate was solde for 2. shillings 6. pence the bushel.
• [year 1369.] The 43. sheriffes, Iohn Piel, Hugh Holdich. M. Io. Chichester Goldsmith.
• [year 1370.] The 44. sheriffes, William Walworth, Robert Geyton. M. Iohn Barnes, Mercer.

• [year 1371.] The 45. Sheriffes, Adam Staple, Robert Hatfield. Maior, Iohn Barnes Mercer. This Iohn Barnes gaue a chest with thrée lockes, and one thou∣sand Marke to be lent to poore young men.
• [year 1372.] The 46. sheriffes, Iohn Philpot, Nicholas•• Brembar. Maior, Iohn Piel. Mercer.
• [year 1373.] The 47. Sheriffes, Iohn Aubury, Iohn Fished, Maior, Adam of Bury Skinner.
• [year 1374.] The 48. sheriffes, Richard Lions, William Woodhouse. Maior, William Walworth Fishmonger.
• [year 1375.] The 49. sheriffes, Iohn Hadley, Wiliam Newport. Maior, Iohn Ward Grocer.
• [year 1376.] The 50. sheriffes, Iohn Northampton, Robert Laund. Maior, Adam Staple Mercer. The Londoners ment to haue slaine Iohn Duke of Lancaster: Adam Staple Maior put downe, and Nicholas Bremban elected. Also the Aldermen were deposed, and other set in their places.

Richard the second beganne his raigne, the 21. of Iune, in the yeare 1377.

• [year 1377.] The first sheriffes, Nicholas Twiford, Andrew Pikeman. Ma∣ior, Sir Nicholas Brembar. Grocer. Iohn Philpot a cittizen of London, sent shippes to the sea, and scoured it of Pirates, taking many of them prisoners.
• [year 1378.] The second sheriffes, Iohn Boseham, Thomas Cornwalis. Ma∣ior, Sir Iohn Philpot Grocer. This Sir Iohn Philpot gaue to the cittie, lands for the finding of thirtéene poore people for euer.
• [year 1379.] The third sheriffes, Iohn Helisdon, William Barrat. Ma. Iohn Hadley Grocer.
• [year 1380.] The fourth sheriffes, Walter Doget, William Knightcoate. M. William Walworth Fishmonger. This William Walworth arrested Wat Tiler the rebel, and was knighted. Hee increased the Parish church of Saint Michaell in Crooked lane, and founded there a colledge. Other Aldermen were also knighted for their seruice in the field.

• [year 1381.] The 5. sheriffes Iohn Rote, Iohn Hend, M. Iohn Northamp∣ton Draper.
• [year 1382.] The 6. sheriffes Adam Bamme, Iohn Sely. M. Iohn Nor∣thampton Draper.
• [year 1383.] The 7. sheriffes Simon Winchcombe, Iohn More. M. sir Ni∣colas Brembar Grocer, Iohn Northampton late Mayor of Lon∣don, was committed to perpetuall prison, and his goods confiscated.
• [year 1384.] The 8. sheriffes Nicholas Expton, Iohn French: M. Sir Nicholas Brembar Grocer, knighted with William Walworth.
• [year 1385.] The 9. sheriffes Iohn Organ, Iohn Churchman. M. sir Nicho∣las Brembar Grocer: the foresaid Iohn Churchman, now builded the Custome honse néere to the Tower of London, and did many other works for the commodity of this city.
• [year 1386.] The 10. sheriffes, William Stondone, William More, M. Nicholas Exton Fishmonger. This yeare the Citizens of Lon∣don fearing the French, pulled downe houses néere about their ci∣tie, repaired their wals, and clensed their ditches &c.
• [year 1387.] The 11. sheriffes William Venor, Hugh Forstalfe, M. Ni∣cholas Exton Fishmonger, sir Nicholas Brember, late Mayor of London, was this yeare beheaded.
• [year 1388.] The 12. Thomas Austin, Adam Carlhul, M. Nicholas Tui∣ford Goldsmith, knighted with William Walworth.
• [year 1389.] The 13. sheriffes Iohn Walcot, Iohn Louenay, M. William Venor Grocer.
• [year 1390.] The 14. sheriffes Iohn Francis, Thomas Viuent, M. Adam Bamme Goldsmith: this Adam Bammer prouided from beyond the seas Corne in great aboundance, so that the Citie was able to serue the countrie.
• [year 1391.] The 15. sheriffes Iohn Shadworth, Henry Vamer, M. Iohn Hend Draper: this Mayor was for displeasure taken, sent to Windsor Castle, and the king made Wardens of the citie. &c.
• [year 1392.] The 16. sheriffes Gilbert Maghfield, Thomas Newington, M. William Stondon Grocer,
• [year 1393.] The 17. sheriffes Drew Barentin, Richarde Whitington, M. Iohn Hadley Grocer: Farington warde was by Parliament ap∣pointed to be deuided into two wardes, to witte, infra & extra.
• [year 1394.] The 18. sheriffes VVilliam Brainston, Thomas Knoles, M.

• ... Iohn Froshe Mercer.
• [year 1395.] The 19. sheriffes Roger Elles, VVilliam Seuenoke, M. Wil∣liam More Uintner.
• [year 1396.] The 20. sheriffes Thomas Wilford, William Parker, M. A∣dam Bamme Goldsmith.
• [year 1397.] The 21. sheriffes Iohn VVodcoke, VVillam Askam, M. Richard VVhitington Mercer.
• [year 1398.] The 22. sheriffes Iohn VVade, Iohn VVarnar, M. Drew Barentin Goldsmith.

Henrie the fourth began his raigne the 29. of Septemb. the yeare 1399.

• [year 1399.] THe 1. sheriffes VVilliam VValdern, VVilliam Hende, M. Thomas Knoles Grocer.
• [year 1400.] The 2. sheriffes Iohn Wakel, William Ebot, M. Iohn Fran∣cis Goldsmith.
• [year 1401.] The 3. sheriffes, William Venor, Iohn Fremingham, M. Iohn Shadworth, Mercer. The conduite vpon Cornhill was this yeare made of an old prison house called the Tunne.
• [year 1402.] The 4. sheriffes, Richard Marlow, Robert Chicheley, M. Iohn VValcote Draper.
• [year 1403] The 5. sheriffes, Thomas Falconer, Thomas Poole, M. William Ascham Fishmonger.
• [year 1404] The 6. sheriffes, William Bouth, Stephen Spilman, M. Iohn Hend Draper. This Iohn Hend was a new builder of the parish Church called S. Swithen by London stone.
• [year 1405] The 7. sheriffes Henry Barton, William Grome, M. Iohn Wodcocke Mercer, this Maior caused all the Weres in the ri∣uer of Thames, from Stanes to the riuer of Medway to bee de∣stroyed, and the Trinkes to bée burned &c.
• [year 1406.] The 8. sheriffes, Nicholas Wooton, Gefferey Brooke, M. Richard Whitington, Mercer. This yeare a great pestilence in London tooke away more then 30000. people.
• [year 1407.] The 9. sheriffes Henry Pontfrackt, Henry Halton, M. Wiliam Stondon Grocer.
• [year 1408] The 10. sheriffes Thomas Ducke, William Norton, M. Drew

• Barentine Goldsmith, This Drew Barentine builded a part of the Goldsmithes hall, and gaue them landes.
• [year 1409] The 11. sheriffes, Iohn Law, William Chichley, M. Richard Marlow Ironmonger, A great play at Skinners well, which la∣sted eight dayes, & was of matter from the creation of the worlde: the most part of all the great Estates of England were there to behold it.
• [year 1410.] The 12. sheriffes, Iohn Penne, Thomas Pike, M, Tho∣mas Knoles Grocer. This Thomas Knoles began a new to build the Guild hall in London &c.
• [year 1411.] The 13, sheriffes, Iohn Raynwel, William Cotton. M. Ro∣bert Chicheley Grocer,
• [year 1412.] The 14. sheriffes, Ralph Louinhinde, William Seuenoke, M. William Waldren, Mercer.

Henry the fift began his raigne the 20. of March, the yeare 1412.

• [year 1413.] THe 1. sheriffes, Iohn Sutton, Iohn Michel, M. William Gro∣mar Draper, Sir Iohn Oldcastle assembled a great power, in Ficquetes fielde by London, which power was ouercome and taken by the king and his power.
• [year 1414] The 2. sheriffes, Iohn Michel, Thomas Allen, M. Tho∣mas Falconer Mercer, this Maior caused the Postern called More gate to be builded, and he lent to the king 10000. markes vpon Iewels, &c.
• [year 1415.] The 3. sheriffes William Cambridge, Allin Euerard M. Ni∣cholas Wotton Draper.
• [year 1416.] The 4. sheriffes Robert Whitington, Iohn Couentrie, M. Hen¦rie Barton Skinner. This Henry Barton ordayned Lanthorns with lightes to be hanged out on the Winter eueninges.
• [year 1417] The 5. sheriffes Henry Read, Iohn Gidney, M. Richarde Marlow Ironmonger.
• [year 1418.] The 6. sheriffes Iohn Brian, Ralph Barton, Iohn Parnesse, M. William Seuenoke. This William Seuenoke, founded in the towne of Seuenoke a freeschoole, and almes houses for the poore.
• [year 1419.] The 7. sheriffes, Rob. Whitington, Iohn Butler, M. Richarde whitington Mercer, this Maior founded Whitington Colledge.

• [year 1420.] The 8. sheriffe Iohn Butler, Iohn Wels, M. William Cam∣bridge Grocer.
• [year 1421.] The 9. sheriffes Richarde Gosseline, William Weston, M. Robert Chichley Grocer. This Maior gaue one plot of ground, thereupon to build the parish church of S. Stephen vppon Wal∣brooke.

Henry the sixt began his raigne the 31. of August, the yeare 1422.

• [year 1422.] THe first sheriffes, VVilliam Eastfielde, Robert Totar∣sall, M. VVilliam Waldern Mercer. This yeare the west gate of London was begun to be new builded by the Executors of Richard Whitington.
• [year 1423.] The 2. sheriffes, Nicholas lames, Thomas VVindford M. William Cromer Draper.
• [year 1424.] The 3. sheriffes, Symon Seman, Iohn Bywater, M. Iohn Michell Fishmonger.
• [year 1425.] The 4. sheriffes, William Milreth, Iohn Brokell, M. Iohn Couentrie Mercer.
• [year 1426] The 5. sheriffes, Iohn Arnolde, Iohn Higham, M. Iohn Reynwell, Fishmonger. This Maior gaue Tenements to the Cittie for the discharge of thrée wards in London for fiftéenes &c.
• [year 1427] The 6. sheriffes, Henry Frowicke, Robert Otley, M. Iohn Gidney Draper.
• [year 1428] The 7. sheriffes, Thomas Duffehouse, Iohn Abbot. M. Henry Berton Skinner.
• [year 1429.] The 8. sheriffes, VVilliam Russe, Ralph Holland, M. William Eastfield Mercer. Ralph Holland gaue to impotent poore 120. l. to prisoners 80. l. to Hospitals 40. l. &c.
• [year 1430.] The 9. sheriffes, Walter Chartesey, Robert Large, M. Ni∣cholas Wotton, Draper, Walter Chartesey Draper, gaue to the poore 100. l. besides 20. l. to the Hospitals. &c.
• [year 1431] The 10, sheriffes, Iohn Aderley, Stephen Browne M. Iohn VVels Grocer. This Iohn Wels a great benefactor to the new building of the Chappell by the Guilde Hall, and of his goods the Standarde in west Cheape was made.
• [year 1432.] The 11 sheriffes, Iohn Olney, Iohn Paddesley, M. Iohn Par∣neis

• Fishmonger.
• [year 1433.] The 12. sheriffes, Thomas Chalton, Iohn Ling, M. Iohn Brokle Draper.
• [year 1434.] The 13. sheriffes, Thomas Barnewell, Symon Eyre, M. Ro∣ger Oteley Grocer.
• [year 1435.] The 14. sheriffes, Thomas Catworth, Robert Clopton, M. Henry Frowicke Mercer.
• [year 1336.] The 15. sheriffes, Thomas Morsted, William Gregorie M. Iohn Michell Fishmonger.
• [year 1437.] The 16. sheriffes, William Hales, William Chapman, M. sir William Eastfield Mercer this sir William Eastfield knight of the Bath, a great benefactor to the water Eonduites.
• [year 1438.] The 17. sheriffes Hugh Diker, Nicholas Yoo, M. Stephen Browne Grocer. Wheate solde for thrée shillinges the Bushell: but this man sent into Prusia, & caused to be brought from thence certaine ships laden with Rie, which did great releefe.
• [year 1439] The 18. sheriffes, Philip Malpas, Robert Marshall, M. Ro∣bert Largo Mercer, Philip Malpas at his decease gaue 120. l. to poore prisoners, and euery yeare for 5. yeares, 400. shirtes, and smockes, 40. payre of shéetes, and 150. gowns of frise, to the poore, to poore maides marriages 100. markes, to high waies 100. markes, and to 500. poore people in London euery one six shil∣linges, eight pence &c.
• [year 1440] The 19. sheriffes, Iohn Sutton, VVilliam Wetinhall, M. Iohn Paddesley Goldsmith, maister of the Wirkes of money in the Tower of London.
• [year 1441] The 20. sheriffes, VVilliam Combis, Richard, Rich, M. Ro∣bert Clopton Draper.
• [year 1442] The 21. sheriffes, Thomas Beamont, Richarde Morden, M. Iohn Hatherley Ironmonger.
• [year 1443.] The 22. sheriffes, Nicholas Wilforde, Iohn Norman, M. Thomas Catworth Grocer.
• [year 1444.] The 23. sheriffes, Stephen Forstar, Hugh Wich M. Henry Frowicke Mercer, this year Powles steeple was fired with light∣ning; and hardly quenched.
• [year 1445.] 24. sheriffes, Iohn Darby, Godfrey Filding, M. Symon Eyre Draper, this Symon Eyre builded the Leaden hall in Lon∣don,

• to bée a common garner for the citie &c.
• [year 1446.] The 25. sheriffes, Robert Horne, Godfrey Bolaine, M. Iohn Olney Mercer.
• [year 1447.] The 26. sheriffes, William Abraham, Thomas Scot. M. Iohn Sidney Draper.
• [year 1448] The 27. sheriffes, William Catlow, VVilliam Marcow, M. Stephen Brown Grocer.
• [year 1449] The 28. sheriffes, William Hulin, Thomas Canninges M. Thomas Chalton Mercer. This yeare Iacke Cade a Rebell of Kent, came to London, entered the citie &c.
• [year 1450] The 29. sheriffes, Iohn Middleton, William Deere, Maior, Nicholas Wilforde Grocer. Souldiers made a fray against the Maior, the same day he tooke his charge at Westminster.
• [year 1451] The 30. sheriffes, Mathew Phillip, Christopher VVarton, M. VVilliam Gregorie Skinner.
• [year 1452] The 31. sheriffes, Richard Lee, Richard Alley, M. Godfrey Filding Mercer. This yeare was a great fray at the Wrastling.
• [year 1453.] The 32. sheriffes, Iohn Waldron, Thomas Cooke, M. Iohn Norman Draper. This Iohn Norman was the first Maior that was rowed to Westminster by water: for before that time they rode on horse backe.
• [year 1454.] The 33. sheriffes, Iohn Field, VVilliam Taylor, M. Stephē Forstar Fishmonger. This Stephen Forstar enlarged Ludgate, for the case of prisoners there. &c.
• [year 1355.] The 34. sheriffes, Iohn Yong, Thomas Olgraue M. Wil∣liam Marrow, Grocer. The Mercers seruantes in London, made a riote vpon the Lombardes and other strangers.
• [year 1456.] The 35. sheriffes, Iohn Stewarde, Ralph Verney, M. Tho∣mas Caning Grocer.
• [year 1457.] The 36. sheriffes, VVilliam Edwardes, Thomas Reiner, M. Godfrey Boloine Mercer. This Godfrey Boline gaue 1000. l. to poore householders in London &c.
• [year 1458.] The 37. sheriffes, Ralph Ioceline, Richard Medham, M. Thomas Scot Draper.
• [year 1459.] The 38. sheriffes, Iohn Plommar, Iohn Stockar, M. VVil∣liam Hulin Fishmonger.
• [year 1460] The 39. sheriffes, Richard Fleming, Iohn Lambarde, M.

• ... Richard Lee Grocer.

Edward the fourth began his raigne the fourth of March, in the yeare 1460. after the account of the church of England.

• [year 1461.] THe first sheriffes, George, Ireland, Iohn Locke, M. Hugh VVitch Mercer.
• [year 1462.] The 2. sheriffes, VVilliam Hampton, Bartlemew Iames, M Thomas Cooke Draper made knight of the Bath in the fift of Edward the fourth, and had great troubles after.
• [year 1463] The 3. sheriffes, Robert Basser, Thomas Muschampe, Maior Mathew Phillip Goldsmith, made knight of the Bath, the fift of Edward the fourth, and after in the field the tenth of Edward the fourth.
• [year 1464.] The 4. sheriffes, Iohn Tate, Iohn Stone, M. Ralph Ioceline Draper, knight of the Bath, and also in the fielde.
• [year 1465.] The 5. sheriffes, Henry Wauer, William Constantine, M. Ralph Verney Mercer, Henry VVauer one of the sheriffes, made knight of the Bath.
• [year 1466.] The 6. sheriffes, Iohn Brown, Henry Brice, M. Iohn Yong Grocer, made knight in the fielde. This yeare began the trobles of Sir Thomas Cooke, and of other Alderman, as yee may reade in my Summarie.
• [year 1467.] The 7. sheriffes, Thomas Stalbroke, Humphrey Heyford, M. Thomas Olgraue Skinner.
• [year 1468.] The 8. sheriffes, Symon Smith, William Hariote, M. Willi∣am Tayler Grocer. This Maior gaue Tenementes to discharge Cordwainer streete ward of fiftéenes.
• [year 1469] The 9. sheriffes, Richarde Gardener, Robert Drope M. Richarde Lee Grocer. This yere the Tower of London, being deliuered to the Maior and his Brethren, they deliuered king H. from thence.
• [year 1470.] The 10. sheriffes, Sir Iohn Crosbie, Iohn Warde. Maior, Sir Iohn Stokton Mercer. Thomas the Bastard Fauconbridge with a riotous company set vpon this cittie, at Aldgate, Bishops∣gate the Bridge &c. and I2. Aldermen with the Recorder were

• knighted in the fielde by Edwarde the fourth to wit Iohn Stok∣ton Maior, Ralph Verney late Maior, Iohn Yong late Maior, William Taylor late Maior, Richard Lee late Maior, Mathew Phillips late Maior, George Ireland, William Stoker, William Hampton since Maior, Thomas Stalbroke, Iohn Crosbie, & Bartlemew Iames since Maior, with Thomas Vrswicke Re∣corder.
• [year 1471.] The 11. sheriffes, Iohn Allin Iohn Shelley, M. VVilliam Edward Grocer. The water Conduite at Aldermanbury, and the Standarde in Fleetestréete were finished.
• [year 1472.] The 12. sheriffes, Iohn Browne, Thomas Bledlow, M. sir, VVilliam Hampton Fishmonger, this sir VViliam Hampton punished strumpetes, and caused stockes to be set in euerie ward to punish vagabondes.
• [year 1473] The 13. sheriffes, sir William Stokar, Robert Belisdon, M. Iohn Tate Mercer. This year the sheriffes of London, were ap∣pointed each of them to haue xvi. Sargeantes, and six Clarkes, to wit, a Secondarie, a Clarke of the papers, and 4. other Clarkes, besides the vnder Sheriffes Clarkes.
• [year 1474.] The 14. sheriffes, Edmond Shaw, Thomas Hill, M. Robert Drope Draper. This Robert Drope increased the water condu∣tie vpon Cornhill &c.
• [year 1475.] The 15. sheriffes, Hugh Brice, Robert Celwich, M. Robert Basset Saltar. This Robert Basset corrected the Bakers, and o∣ther Uictualers of this Citie.
• [year 1476.] The 16. sheriffes Richard Rawson, William Horne M. sir Ralph Ioceline Draper, knight of the Bath, by the diligence of this Maior, the walles of the Citie were repayred.
• [year 1477.] The 17. sheriffes, Henry Collet, Iohn Stokar, M. Humphrey Hayforde Goldsmith.
• [year 1478.] The 18. sheriffes, Robert Harding, Robert Bifielde, M. Richarde Gardener Mercer, Robert Bifielde, Sheriffe was fined by the Maior and paide 50, l. toward the water Conduites.
• [year 1479.] The 19. sheriffes Thomas Ilam, Iohn VVarde, M. sir Bar∣tlemew Iames Draper, made knight in the field, by E. the 4. T. Ilam newly builded the great Conduite in West Cheape.
• [year 1480.] The 20. sheriffes Thomas Daniel, William Bacon. M. Iohn Brown Mercer.

• [year 1481.] The 21. sheriffes Robert Tate, William Wiking, M. William Hariot Draper.
• [year 1482.] The 22. sheriffes William Whit. Iohn Mathew, M. Ed∣mond Sha Goldsmith. This Edmond Sha caused the Posterne called Criplesgate to be new builded &c.

Edward the fift began his raigne the 9. of Aprill in the yeare 1483. Richard the third began his raigne the 22. of Iune, in the yeare 1483.

• [year 1483.] THe 1. sheriffes Thomas Norland, William Martin M. Robert Bilisden Haberdasher.
• [year 1484.] The 2. sheriffes Richard Chester, Thomas Britaine, Raph Austrie, M. Thomas Hill, Grocer, sir William Stoaker Draper, Iohn Ward Grocer. thrée Sheriffes and thrée Mayors this yeare by meanes of a sweating sickenesse &c. Thomas Hill appointed by his testament the water Conduit in Grasse stréet to be builded.

Henry the seuenth began his raigne the 22. of August, in the yeare 1485.

• [year 1485.] THe 1. sherifs Iohn Tatte, Iohn Swan, M. Hugh Brise Gold∣smith. This Hugh Brise was kéeper of the kinges mintes at London.
• [year 1486.] The 2. sheriffes Iohn Parciuall, Hugh Clopton. M. Henry Cellet Mercer. The crosse in Cheape was new builded in beau∣tifull manner.
• [year 1487.] The 3. sheriffes Iohn Fenkell, William Remington, M. sir William Horne Salter. This William Horne made knight in the field by Henry the seuenth, gaue to the repayring of high waies betwixt London and Cambridge 500. markes, and to the prea∣chers at Paules crosse, &c.
• [year 8488.] The 4. sheriffes William Isaack, Raph Tilney, M. Robert Tate Mercer.
• [year 1489] The 5. sheriffes William Caple, Iohn Brocke, M. William White Draper.

• [year 1490.] The 6. sheriffes Henry Cote, Robert Reuell Hugh Pem∣berton M. Iohn Mathew Mercer.
• [year 1491.] The 7. sheriffes Thomas Wood, William Browne, M. Hugh Clopton Mercer. Hugh Clopton builded the great stone bridge at Stratford vpon hauen in Warwickshire.
• [year 1492.] The 8. sheriffes William Purchase, William Welbecke, M. William Martin Skinner. A ryot made vpon the Esterlings, by the Mercers seruantes, and other.
• [year 1493.] The 9. sheriffes Robert Fabiant Iohn Winger M. Sir Raph Astrie Fishmonger, made knight by Henry the seuenth, Robert Fabian Alderman made Fabians Chronicle, a painefull labour, to the honor of the Citie, and the whole realme.
• [year 1494.] The 10. sheriffes Nicholas Alwine, Iohn Warner, M. Ry∣chard Chawry Salter.
• [year 1495.] The 11. sheriffes Thomas Knesworth, Henry, Somer, M. Henry Colet Mercer.
• [year 1496.] The 12. sheriffes Sir Iohn Sha, Sir Richarde Haddon, M. Iohn Tate the yonger Mercer.
• [year 1497] The 13. sheriffes Bartilmew Read, Thomas Windoute M. William Purchase Mercer. All the gardens in the Morefielde were destroyed, and made plaine ground.
• [year 1498.] The 14. sheriffes Thomas Bradbury, Stephen Ienings M. Sir Iohn Perciuall Taylor, made knight in the field by Henry the seuenth.
• [year 1499] The 15. sheriffes Iames Wilford, Thomas Brond, M. Ni∣cholas Alwin Mercer. This Nicholas Alwin gaue to 3000. poore people in London xij.••.the péece, and to 3000. in the towne of Spalding the like, &c.
• [year 1500.] The 16. sheriffes Iohn Hawes, William Steede, M. William Remington Fishmonger.
• [year 1501.] The 17. sheriffes Laurence Ailmer, Henry Hede, M. Sir Iohn Sha Goldsmith, made knight in the fielde by Henry the se∣uenth. This Sir Iohn Shae caused his brethren the Aldermen to ride from the Guildhall vnto the waters side, where he tooke his Barge to Westminster.
• [year 1502.] The 18 sheriffes Henry Kebell, Nicholas Nines, M. Bar∣tlemew Reade Goldsmith.

• [year 1503.] The 19. sheriffes Christopher Hawes, Robert Wats, Thomas Granger M. Sir William Capell Draper, made knight by Hen∣ry the seuenth. This Sir William caused a Cage in euery Ward to be set for punishing of vagabondes.
• [year 1504.] The 20. sheriffes Roger Acheley, William Browne, M. Iohn Winger Grocer.
• [year 1505.] The 21. sheriffes Richard Shore, Roger Groue, M. Tho∣mas Knesworth Fishmonger. This T. Knesworth appointed the water Conduit at Bishopsgate to be builded, &c.
• [year 1506.] The 22. sheriffes William Copenger, Thomas Iohnson, William Fitzwilliams, M. Sir Richard Haddon Mercer.
• [year 1507.] The 23. sheriffes William Butler, Iohn Kyrkby, M. William Browne Mercer: for part Laurence Ailmer Draper.
• [year 1508.] The 24. sheriffes Thomas Exmew, Richard Smith, Mayor Stephen lenings Marchant taylor. This Stephen lenings buil∣ded the greatest parte of Saint Andrewes Church called Un∣dershaft. He builded a free schoole at W••frunehampton in Stafford∣shire, &c.

Henry the eight began his raigne the 22. of Aprill the yeare 1509.

• [year 1509.] THe 1. sheriffes, George Monoxe, Iohn Doget•• M. Tho∣mas Bradbury Mercer: for parte Sir William Caple Draper.
• [year 1510.] The 2. sheriffes Iohn Milborne, Iohn Rest. Mayor Henry Keble Grocer. This Henry Keble gaue 1000. pound toward the new building of his parish Church of Aldermary.
• [year 1511.] The 3. sheriffes Nicholas Shelton, Thomas Mirfine, M. Roger Achiley Draper. This Roger Achiley prouided corne for seruice of this Citie in great plentie: He caused the same to be stowed vp in the common garner called Leaden Hall.
• [year 1512.] The 4. sheriffes Robert Aldarnes, Robert Fenrother, M. Sir William Copinger Fishmonger, for parte Richarde Haddon Mercer, for the rest. Sir W. Copinger gaue halfe his goods to his wife, and the other halfe to the poore that had most néede.

• [year 1513.] The 5. sheriffes Iohn Dawes, Iohn Bridges, Roger Bafford M. William Browne Mercer, and Iohn Tate Mercer. This Iohn Tate new builded the church of S. Anthonies Hospitall in London,
• [year 1514.] The 6. sheriffes Iames Yarford, Iohn Monday, M. George Monuoux Draper.
• [year 1515.] The 7. sheriffes Henry Warley, Richard Grey, William Bayly, M. Sir William Butler Grocer.
• [year 1516.] The 8. Thomas Seimer, Iohn Thurstone. M. Iohn Rest Grocer.
• [year 1517.] The 9. sheriffes Thomas Baldrie Raph Simondes, M. Sir Thomas Exmew Goldsmith. Sir Thomas Exmew made the water conduit in London wall by Moregate &c.
• [year 1518.] The 10. sheriffes Iohn Allen, lames Spencer, M. Thomas Mirfin Skinner.
• [year 1519.] The 11. sheriffes Iohn Wilkenson, Nicholas Partrich, M. Sir Iames Yarforde Mercer. From this time the Mayors of London, for the most part haue beene knighted by curtesie of the kinges, and not otherwise.
• [year 1520] The 12. sheriffes Sir Iohn Skeuington, Iohn Kyme, M. Sir Iohn Bruge Draper.
• [year 1521.] The 13. sheriffes Iohn Breton Thomas Pargetor, M. Sir Iohn Milborne Draper. This Sir Iohn Milborne founded fourtéene Almes houses by the Crossed Friers church &c.
• [year 1522] The 14. sheriffes Iohn Rudstone, Iohn Champneis M. Sir Iohn Mundy Goldsmith.
• [year 1523.] The 15. sheriffes Michael English, Nicholas Senins, M. Sir T. Baldry Mercer.
• [year 1524.] The 16. sheriffes Raph Dodmer, William Roch, M. Sir William Bayly Draper.
• [year 1525.] The 17. sheriffes Iohn Caunton, Christopher Askew, M. Sir Iohn Allen Mercer.
• [year 1526.] The 18. sheriffes Stephen Peacocke, Nicholas Lambart, M. Sir Thomas Seamer Mercer.
• [year 1527.] The 19. sheriffes Iohn Hardy, William Holles, M. Sir Iames Spencer Uintner.
• [year 1528.] The 20. sheriffes Raph Waten, Iohn Long, M. Sir Iohn

• Rudstone Draper.
• [year 1529.] The 21. sheriffes Michel Dormer Walter Champion, M. Sir Raph Dodmer Mercer. This yeare it was decréed that no man should be Mayor of London more then one yeare.
• [year 1530.] The 22. sheriffes William Dauntsey, Richard Champion M. Sir T. Pargitor Saltar.
• [year 1531.] The 23. sheriffes Richard Gresham, Edward Altham, M. Sir Nicholas Lambard Grocer.
• [year 1532.] The 24. sheriffes Richard Reynolds, Nicholas Pinchon, Iohn Martin Iohn Prist, Mayor Sir Stephen Pecocke Haber∣dasher.
• [year 1533.] The 25. sheriffes William Forman, Sir T. Kitson, M. Sir Christopher Askew Draper.
• [year 1534.] The 26. sheriffes Nicholas Leuison, William Denham, M. Sir Iohn Champneis Skinner.
• [year 1535.] The 27. sheriffes Humphrey Munmouth, Iohn Cootes, M. Sir Iohn Allen Mercer, by the kinges appointment he was of his Councell. A man of great wisdome, and also of great charitie.
• [year 1536.] The 28. sheriffes Robert Paget, William Boyer, M. Sir Raph Waren Mercer.
• [year 1537.] The 29. sheriffes Sir Iohn Gresham, Thomas Lewen, M. Sir Richard Gresham Mercer.
• [year 1538.] The 30. sheriffes William Wilkenson, Nicholas Gibson, Mayor William Forman Haberdasher.
• [year 1539.] The 31. sheriffes Iohn Feiry, Thomas Huntlow, Mayor Sir VVilliam Holles Mercer.
• [year 1540.] The 32. sheriffes Sir William Laxton, Martin Bowes, M. Sir William Roch, Draper.
• [year 1541.] The 23. sheriffes Rowland Hill, Henry Suckley, Mayor Sir Michell Dormer Mercer.
• [year 1542.] The 24. sheriffes Henry Hubbarthorne, Henry Amcotes, Mayor Iohn Cootes Salter.
• [year 1543.] The 35. sheriffes Iohn Toleus, Richard Dobbes, Maior Sir William Bowyer Draper: For parte Sir Raph Waren Mercer.
• [year 1534.] The 36. sheriffes Iohn Wilford, Andrew lude, Maior Sir William Laxton Grocer.

• [year 1545.] The 37. sheriffes George Barnes, Raph Alley, M. Sir Martin Bowes Goldsmith.
• [year 1546.] The 38. sheriffes Richard Iarueis, Thomas Curteis, M. Sir H. Hubbarthorne Marchant taylor.

Edward the sixt began his raigne the 28. of Ianuary, in the yeare 1546.

• [year 1547.] THe 1. sheriffes, Thomas White Robert Charsey, M. Sir Iohn Gresham Mercer.
• [year 1548.] The 2. sheriffes William Locke, Sir Iohn Ailife, M. Sir Henry Amcotes Fishmonger.
• [year 1549.] The 3. sheriffes Richard Turke, Iohn Yorke, M. Sir Row∣land Hill Mercer.
• [year 1550.] The 4. sheriffes Augustine Hind, Iohn Lyon, M. Sir An∣drew Inde Skinner.
• [year 1551.] The 5. sheriffes Iohn Lamberd, Iohn Cowper, M. Sir Ri∣chard Dobbes Skinner.
• [year 1552.] The 6. sheriffes William Gerard, Iohn Maynard, M. Sir George Barnes Haberdasher.

Queene Mary began her raigne the 6. of Iuly the yeare 1553.

• [year 1553.] THe 1. sheriffes Thomas Ofley, William Huet, M. Sir Thomas White Merchantaylor. This Sir Thomas White founded S. Iohns Colledge in Oxford. He gaue to the Citie of Bristow 2000. pound, &c.
• [year 1554.] The 2. sheriffes Dauid Woodrofe, William Chester, M. Sir Iohn Lion Grocer.
• [year 1555.] The 3. sheriffes Thomas Leigh, Iohn Machil, M. Sir VVilliam Gerrard Haberdasher.
• [year 1556.] The 4. sheriffes VVilliam Harper Iohn VVhite, M. Sir T. Ofley Marchantaylor.
• [year 1557.] The 5. sheriffes Richard Malorie Iames Aitham, M. Sir Thomas Curteis Fishmonger.

• [year 1558.] The 6. sheriffes Iohn Halse, Richard Champion, M. Sir T. Leigh Mercer.

Queene Elizabeth began her raigne the 17. of No∣uember, in the yeare of Christ 1558.

• [year 1559.] THe 1. sheriffes Thomas Lodge, Roger Martin, M. Sir William Huet Clothworker.
• [year 1560.] The 2. sheriffes Christopher Draper, Thomas Row, M. Sir VVilliam Chester Draper. This yeare the Marchant taylors of London founded their notable frée schoole for poore mens chil∣dren, &c.
• [year 1561.] The 3. sheriffes Alexander Auenon, Humfrey Baskeruile, M. Sir VV. Harper Marchant taylor.
• [year 1562.] The 4. sheriffes William Allin Richard Chamberlain, M. Sir T. Lodge Grocer.
• [year 1563.] The 5. sheriffes Edward Bankes, Rowland Heyward, M, Sir Iohn White Grocer.
• [year 1564.] The 6. sheriffes Edward lackman, Lionell Ducket, M. Sir Richard Malorie Mercer.
• [year 1565.] The 7. sheriffes Iohn Riuers, Iames Hawes M. Sir Richard Champion Draper.
• [year 1566.] The 8. sheriffes Richard Lambert, Ambrose Nicholas, Iohn Langley, M. Sir Christopher Draper Ironmonger.
• [year 1567.] The 9. sheriffes. Thomas Ramsey, William Bond, M. Sir Roger Martin Mercer.
• [year 1568.] The 10. sheriffes Iohn Oleph, Robert Harding, lames Ba∣con, M. Sir Thoms Row Marchant taylor.
• [year 1569.] The 11. sheriffes Henry Becher William Dane, M. Alex∣ander Auenon Ironmonger.
• [year 1570.] 12. sheriffes Francis Barnam William Box M. Sir Row∣land Heyward Clothworker.
• [year 1571.] The 13. sheriffes Henry Miles, Iohn Braunch, M. Sir Wil∣liam Allin Mercer.
• [year 1572.] The 13. sheriffes Richard Pipe, Nicholas Woodrofe, M. Sir Lionel Ducket Mercer.

• [year 1573.] The 15. sheriffes Iames Haruy, Thomas Pullison, M. Sir Iohn Riuers Grocer.
• [year 1574.] The 16. sheriffes Thomas Blanke, Anthony Gamage, M. Iames Hawes Clothworker.
• [year 1575.] The 17. sheriffes Edward Osborne, Wolstane Dixi, Maior Ambrose Nicholas Salter.
• [year 1576.] The 18. sheriffes William Kimpton, George Barne, M. Sir Iohn Langley Goldsmith.
• [year 1577.] The 19. sheriffes Nicholas Backhouse, Frauncis Bowyer M. Sir Thomas Ramsey Grocer.
• [year 1578.] The 20. sheriffes George Bond, Thomas Starkie, M. Sir Richard Pipe Draper.
• [year 1579.] The 21. sheriffes Martin Calthrope, Iohn Hart, Mayor Sir Nicholas Woodrofe Haberdasher.
• [year 1580.] The 22. sheriffes Raph Woodcock, Iohn Alate, Mayor, Sir Iohn Branch Draper.
• [year 1581.] The 23. sheriffes Richard Martin, William Webbe, M. Sir Iames Haruie Ironmonger.
• [year 1582.] The 24. sheriffes William Roe, Iohn Hayden, Cuthbert Buckle, Mayor Sir T. Blancke Haberdasher.
• [year 1583.] The 25. sheriffes William Masham, Iohn Spencer, M. Ed∣ward Osborne Clothworker.
• [year 1584.] The 26. sheriffes Stephen Slany, Henry Billingsley, Mayor Sir Thomas Pullison Draper.
• [year 1585.] The 27. sheriffes Anthony Radclife, Henry Pranell, M. Sir Wolstane Dixie Skinner.
• [year 1586.] The 28. sheriffes Robert House, VVilliam Elkin, M. Sir George Barne Haberdasher.
• [year 1587.] The 29. sheriffes Thomas Skinner, Iohn Katcher, M. Sir George Bond Haberdasher.
• [year 1588.] The 30. sheriffes Hugh Ofley, Richard Saltenstall, M. Sir Martin Calthrope Draper for part, and Richard Martin Gold∣smith for the rest of that yeare.
• [year 1589.] The 31. sheriffes Richard Gurney, Stephen Some, Mayor Sir Iohn Hart Grocer.
• [year 1590.] The 32. sheriffes Nicholas Mosley, Robert Broke, M. Iohn Allot, Fishmonger for part Sir Rowland Heyward Clothwor∣ker

• for the rest.
• [year 1591.] The 33. sheriffes, William Ryder, Benet Barnham, M. Sir William Webbe Salter.
• [year 1592.] The 34. sheriffes Iohn Garrard, Robert Taylor, M. Sir William Roe Ironmonger.
• [year 1593.] The 35. sheriffes Paule Banning, Peter Hauton, M. Sir Cuthbert Buckle Uintner for part: Sir Richard Martin Gold∣smith for the rest.
• [year 1594.] The 36. sheriffes Robert Lee, Thomas Benet, Mayor Sir Iohn Spencer Clothworker.
• [year 1595.] The 37. sheriffes Thomas Low, Leonard Holiday, Mayor Sir Stephen Slany Skinner.
• [year 1596.] The 38. sheriffes, Iohn Wattes, Richard Godard, Mayor Thomas Skinner Clothworker: for part Sir Henry Billingsley. Haberdasher.
• [year 1597.] The 39. sheriffes Henry Roe, Iohn More Mayor Sir Ri∣chard Saltenstall Skinner.
• [year 1598.] The 40. sheriffes Edward Holmeden, Robert Hampson, Mayor Stephen Some Grocer.

Thus much for the chiefe and principall Gouernors of this fa∣mous Citie, of whose politike gouernment, with the assistance of inferior officers, their charges for kéeping of the peace, seruice of the Prince, and honour of this Citie, much might haue beene said, and I had thought to haue touched, but being informed that a learned Gentleman, a Citizen borne, minded such a labor, and promised to performe it, I haue forborne, and left the same to his good leysure.

NOw since that I haue giuen you an outward view of this City, it shall not be impertinent to let you take an insight also of the same, such as a Londoner borne, discoursed aboue twenty yeares agone, for answere (as it see∣meth) to some obiections, that then were made against the growing greatnes thereof. The Author gaue it me, & therefore howsoeuer I conceale his name (which it selfe pretendeth not) I thinke it may without his offence im∣part it to others, that they may take pleasure in the rea∣ding, as I doubt not but he did in the writing. Long may they (that list) enuie, and long may we and our posterity enioy the good estate of this Citie.

A Discourse of the names and first cau∣ses of the institution of Cities, and peopled townes. And of the commodities that doe growe by the same: and namely of the Citie of London. Written by way of an Apologie (or defence) against the opinion of some men, which thinke that the greatnesse of that Citie standeth not with the profit and securitie of this Realme.

CIties and well peopled places bee called Oppida, in Latine, eyther ab ope danda, or ab opibus, or ab opponendo se ho∣stibus. They be named also ciuitates a coeundo, and (vrbes) either of the word vrbare, because the first inclosure of them was described with y^e draught of a Plow. Or els ab orbe, for the round compasse that they at the first had.

In the Gréeke a Cittie is tearmed〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, eyther of the worde 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, multus, or of〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: id est, habitare, alere, gubernare.

In the Saxon (or old English) sometimes Tun, which wee now call Towne, deriued of the word Tynan, to inclose or tyne, as some yet speake. But for as much as that word was proper to euery village and inclosed dwelling, therefore our auncestors cal∣led their walled townes,〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉or〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, and we now Bury and Borow, of the Gréeke word〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉(as I thinke) which sig∣nifieth a Tower or a high building.

The walles of these townes had their name of vallum, because at the first they were but of that earth which was cast out of the trench or ditch wherewith they were enuironed.

But afterward, being made of matter more fit for defence, they were named a muniendo maenia. By the Etimologie of

these names, it may appeare that common weales, Cities and townes were at the first inuented, to the end that men might leade a ciuile life amongst themselues, and bee saued harmeles against their enemies: whereupon Plato saith, Ciuitates ab initio vti∣litatis causa constitutae sunt. Aristotle 1. Politicorum 2. saith, Ciuitas a natura profecta est: homo enim animal aptum est ad coetus, & proinde ciuitatis origo ad viuendum, institutio ad bene viuendum refertur. And Cicero, (lib. primo de in∣uentione) in the beginning saith, Fuit quoddam tempus cum in agris homines passim bestiarum more vagabantur, &c. quo quidem tempore, quidā (magnus viz. vir, & sapiens) dispersos homines in agris, & tectis siluestribus abditos, ratione qua∣dam compulit in vnum locum, at{que} eos in vnam quam{que} rem induxit vtilem & honestam. Vrbibus verò constitutis, fi∣dem colere, & institiam retinere discebant, & alijs parere sua voluntate consuescebant, &c. The same man discourseth nota∣blie to the same effect, in his Oration pro Sestio, a little after the middest thereof, shewing that in the life of men dispersed vis bea∣reth all the sway: but in the Ciuile life and societie ius is better maintained, &c. This thing well saw King William the Conque∣ror, who in his lawes (fol.125.) saith Burgi et Ciuitates fundata & edificata sunt, ad tuitionē gentium, & populorum Regni, & idcirco obseruari debent cum omni libertate, integritate, & ratione. And his predecessors, king Ethelstane, and King Canu∣tus in their lawes (fol. 62. & 106.) had commanded thus: Oppi∣da instaurantur &c.

Séeing therefore that as Cicero 2. officior. saith, proxime & secuudum Deos, homines hominibus maximè vtiles esse possunt. And that men are congregated into Cities and common wealthes, for honesty and vtilities sake, these shortly be the com∣modities that do come by cities, communalties, and corporations. First, men (by this nearenesse of conuersation) are w^tdrawen from barbarous feritie and force, to a certaine mildnes of manners, and to humanitie and iustice: whereby they are contented to giue and take right, to and from their equalles and inferiors, and to heare and obey their heades and superiors. Also the doctrine of God

is more fitly deliuered, and the discipline thereof more aptly to bee executed, in peopled Townes then abroad, by reason of the facilitie of common and often assembling. And consequently, such inhabitantes be better managed in order, and better instructed in wisedome: whereof it came to passe that at the first, they that ex∣celled others this way, were called astuti of the Gréeke worde (〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉) which signifieth a Citie, although the tearme be now de∣clined to the worst part (and do betoken euill) euen as Tyrannus, Sophista, and some such other originally good wordes are fal∣len: And hereof also good behauiour is yet called Vrbanitas, be∣cause it is rather found in Cities, then elswhere. In summe, by often hearing men be better perswaded in religion, and for that they liue in the eye of others, they bee by example the more easily trayned to iustice, and by shamefastnesse restrained from iniurie.

And whereas common wealthes and kingdomes cannot haue (next after God) any surer foundation, then the loue and good wil of one man towardes an other, that also is closely bred and main∣tained in Cities, where men by mutuall societie and companying together, do grow to alliances, communalties and corporations.

The liberall sciences and learninges of all sortes, which be lu∣mina reipublicae, do flourish only in peopled townes, without the which a realme is in no better case then a man that lacketh both his eyes.

Manual artes, or handie craftes, as they haue for the most part béene inuented in townes and Cities, so they cannot any where els be eyther maintained or amended. The like is to bee saide of Marchandize, vnder which name I comprehende all manner of buying, selling, bartering, exchaunging, communicating of thinges that men néede, to and fro. Wealth and riches (which are truely called Subsidia belli, & ornamenta pacis) are in∣creased chiefly in Townes and Cities, both to the prince & people.

The necessitie of the poore and needie is in such places both soo∣ner to be espied, and hath meanes to be more charitably relieued.

The places themselues be surer refuges in all extremities of forraine inuasion, and the inhabitantes bee a ready hand and strength of men with munition to oppresse intestine sedition.

Moreouer, for as much as the force of the warres of our

time consisteth chiefly in sho••te (all other soldiers being eyther horsemen or footemen armed on lande, or Mariners at the Sea). It séemeth to me that Citizens and Townesmen bee as fitte to be imployed in any of these seruices (that on horsebacke onely excep∣ted as the inhabitantes that be drawen out of the Countrie.

Furthermore, euen as these societies and assemblies of men in Cities and great Townes, are a continuall brydle against ti∣ranny, which was the cause that Tarquin, Nero, Dionisius, and such others haue alwayes sought to weaken them. So (being well tempered) they are a strong forte and bulwarke not onely in the Aristocratie, but also in the lawfull kingdome, or iust royaltie.

At once the propagation of religion, the execution of good po∣licie, the exercise of charitie, and the defence of the countrie, is best performed by Townes and Cities: and this ciuile life ap∣procheth nearest to the shape of that misticall bodie wherof Christ is the heade, and men bee the members: whereupon both at the first, that man of God Moyses, in the common wealth of the Is∣raelites, and the gouernors of all Countries in all ages sithence haue continually maintayned the same. And to chaunge it were nothing els but to Metamorphose the worlde, and to make wild beastes of reasonable men. To stand longer vpon this it were in re non dubia, vti oratione non necessaria: and therefore I will come to London.

The singularities of the City of London.

WHatsoeuer is saide of Citties generally, ma∣keth also for London specially: howbeit these thinges are particularly for our purpose to bee considered in it. The situation: the former estimation that it hath had: the seruice that it hath done: the present estate and gouernment of it, and such benefites as doe growe to the realme by the mainte∣nance thereof.

This Realme hath onely thrée principall Riuers, whereon a royall Cittie may well be situated: Trent in the North, Seuerne, in the Southwest and Thames in the South East: of the which Thames both for the streight course in length reacheth furthest into the bellie of the lande, and for the breadth and stilnesse of the water is most nauigable vp and downe the streame: by reason whereof London (standing almost in the middle of that course) is more commodiously serued with prouision of necessaries, then any towne standing vpon any of the other two riuers can be, and both also more easily communicate to the rest of the realme the commodities of her owne intercourse and trafficke. This Riuer openeth indifferently vpon Fraunce and Flaunders, our mighti∣est neighbors, to whose doings we ought to haue a bent eye, and speciall regarde: and this Citie standeth thereon in such conueni∣ent distance from the sea, as it is not onely neare inough for intelli∣gence of the a••••ayres of those princes, and for the resistance of their attempts: but also sufficiently remoued from the feare of any sud∣daine daungers that may bee offered by them: whereas for the Prince of this realme to dwell vpon Trent, were to turne his backe, or blind side to his most daungerous borderers: and for him to rest and dwell vppon Seuerne, were to be shut ••ppe in a cumbersome corner: which openeth but vpon Ireland onely, a place of much lesse importance. Neither coulde London bée pitched so commodiously vppon any other parte of the same Riuer of Thames, as where it now standeth. For if it were remoued more to the west, it should lose the benefit of the ebbing and flow∣ing: and if it were seated more towarde the East, it shoulde bee nearer to daunger of the enemie, and further both from the good ayre, and from doing good to the inner parts of the Realme: Ney∣ther may I omit that none other place is so plentifully watered with springs, as London is.

And whereas (amongst other thinges) Corne and Cattell, Hay and fuell bee of great necessitie: of the which Cattell may bée driuen from a farre, and corne may easily bee transported. But Hay and Fuell (being of greater bulke and burthen) must be had at hande: onely London (by the benefite of this situation

and riuer) may be sufficiently serued therewith. In which respect an Alderman of London reasonably (as me thought) affirmed, that although London receyued great nourishment by the resi∣dence of the Prince, the repaire of the parliament, and Courtes of iustice, yet it stood principally by the aduantage of the situation vpon the riuer: for when as on a time it was told him by a Cour∣tier, that Quéene Mary (in her displeasure against London) had appointed to romoue with the Parliament and terme to Oxford, this plaine man demanded, whether she meant also to diuert the Riuer of Thames from London, or no? and when the Gentle∣man had answered no, then quoth the Alderman, by Gods grace we shall doe well enough at London, whatsoeuer become of the Tearme and Parliament. I my selfe being then a young scholler at Oxford did see great preparation made towardes that Tearme and Parliament, and do well remember that the common opini∣on and voice was, that they were not holden there, because pro∣uision of Hay could not be made in all the Countrey to serue for tenne whole dayes together, and yet is that quarter plentifully stored with Hay for the proportion of the shire it selfe.

For proofe of the auncient estimation of London, I will not vse the authoritie of the British historie, nor of such as follow it, (although some holde it credible enough that London was first Trinobantum ciuitas, or Troia noua, that famous Cittie in our histories, and then Ludstoune, and by corruption London, as they report) because they bee not of sufficient force to drawe the gaynesayers. Neyther will I stande much vppon that honorable testimony which Geruas. Tiberiens. giueth to London in his booke de otijs Imperialibus, saying thus, concerning the blessing of God towardes it.

In vibe London, exceptione habet diuulgatum id per omnes aequè gentes Lucani prouerbium. Inuida fatorum series summisque negatum Stare diu: Nam ea annis 354. ante Romam-conditam, nunquam a∣misit principatum nec bello consumpta est.

But I will rather vse the credite of one or two auncient for∣ren

writers, and then descend to latter histories, Cornel. Tacitus lib. 4. Annal sayeth, Londinum copia negociatorum, et come∣atu maxime celebris, and Herodian in the life of Seuerus the Emperour sayeth, Londinum vrbs magna et opulenta, Beda lib. Ecclesrastic. 10. Cha. 29. sheweth that Pope Gregorie ap∣pointed two Archbishops Seas in England, the one at London, the other at Yorke, king Ethelstane in his lawes appointing how many Mint maisters should bee in each Citie, allotteth eight to London, and not so many to any other cittie. The Penner of those lawes that are saide to bée made by Edwarde the Confessor and confirmed by William the Conqueror sayeth, London est caput Regni, et Legum, king Henrie the first, in the third chap∣ter of his lawes commandeth that no Citizen of London shoulde be amerced aboue 100. ••. for anie pecuniarie pain. The great Charter of England (that Helena,) for which there was so long and so great warre, and contention, in the 9. Chapter sayeth, ciui∣tas London habeat omnes suas Libertates antiquas &c. aboute the time of king Iohn, London was reputed regna firmata Co∣lumna, as Alexander Necham writeth, and in the beginning of the raigne of Richard the second, it was called Camera regis, as Thomas Walsingham reporteth. I passe ouer the recital of the Saxon Charter of king W. the Conqueror the latine Charters of Henry the first, and second of Richarde the first, of Iohn, and of Edward the first (all which gaue vnto the Citizens of London great Priueledges) and of Edwarde the thirde, who reciting all the grants of his Predicessors, not onely confirmed but also increa∣sed the same, and of the latter kinges who haue likewise added many thinges thereunto. Onely I wish to bee noted by them that during all this time all those wise and politique Princes haue thought it fitte not onely to maintaine London in such plight as they found it, but also to adorne, increase and amplifie it with singular tokens of their liberall fauour and good liking. And whe∣ther there be not now the same or greater causes to draw the like or better estimation, and cherishing, let any man bee iudge, that will take the paines to compare the present estate of London, (yet still growing to better, with the former condition of the same.

It were too much to recite particularly the martiall seruices, that this Citie hath done from time to time: neither do I thinke that they be all committed to writing, onely for a tast (as it were) I will note these few following.

Almost 60. yeares before the Conquest, a huge Armie of the Danes (whereof king Sweyne was the leader,) besieged king Etheldred in London, (then the which as the storie sayeth then he had none other refuge) but they were manfully repulsed, and a greate number of them slaine.

After the death of this Sweyn, his sonne Canutus (afterward king of England) besieged London, both by Land and Water: but after much labour, finding it impregnable, he departed: and in the same yeare repayring his forces, he girded it with a new siege, in the which the Citizens so defended themselues, and offended him that in the end hée went away with shame.

In the dissention that arose betwéene king Edward the Con∣fessor, & his father in law Earle Goodwin (which was the migh∣tiest subiect within this land that euer I haue read of.) The Earle with a great Armie came to London, and was for all that by the countenance of the Citizens resisted, till such time as the No∣bilitie made reconciliation betwéene them. About 70. yeares af∣ter the Conquest Maude the Empresse made warre vppon king Stephen for the right of the Crowne, and had taken his person prisoner, but by the strength and assistance of the Londoners and Kentishmen, Maude was put to flight at Winchester, and her brother Robert then Earle of Glocester, was taken in exchange for whome king Stephen was deliuered, I dispute not whose right was better, but I auouch the seruice, seeing Stephen was in possession.

The Historie of VVilliam VValworth the Maior of Lon∣don, is well knowne, by whose manhoode and policie, the person of king Richarde the second was rescued, the Citie saued, Wat Tiler killed,* 1.1586 and all his stranglers discomfited, in memory and re∣ward of which seruice the Cittie had a Daggar added to their shielde of Armes, and the Maiors haue beene most commonly si∣thens knighted.

Iacke Cade also hauing discomfited the kinges Armie, that

was sent against him, came to London, and was there manfully and with long fight resisted, vntill that by the good policie of the Citizens his company was dispersed.

Finally in the tenth yeare of the raigne of king Edwarde the fourth, and not many dayes before the death of Henry the sixt, Thomas Neuell, (commonly called the Bastarde of Faucon∣bridge,) armed a great Company against the king, and being de∣nied passage through London, he assaulted it on diuers parts: but he was repulsed by the Citizens, and chased as far as Stratforde with the losse of a great many.

Thus much of certaine their principall, and personall seruices, in wa•• onely, for it were infinite to repeate the particular aides of men and money•• which London hath ministred: and I had rather to leaue it to be coniectured at by comparison to be made betwéene it, & othercities, whereof I will giue you this one note for an ex∣ample. In the 12. yeare of the raigne of king Edward the 2. it was ordered by Parliament, that euery Citty of the Realme shoulde make out souldiours against the Scots: at which tyme London was appointed to send 200. men, and Canterbury (being then one of our best Citties) 40. and no more. And this proportion of fiue to one, is now in our age increased, at the least fiue to one, both in souldiers and subsidie. As for the other seruices that London hath done in times of peace, they are to be measured by consideration of the commodities whereof I will speake anon. In the meane sea∣son let the estate and gouernment of this Citie be considered to the end that it may appeare that it standeth well with the policie of the Realme.

Caesar in his Commentaries is witnes, that in his time the Cities of Britain had large Teritories annexed vnto them, and were seuerall estates of them selues gouerned by particular kinges or Potentates, as in Italie and Germany, et bee: and that Mandubratius was king of the Trinobantes, whose chiefe Citie London is taken to haue been: And I find not that this & gouern∣ment was altered eyther by Caesar, or his successors, notwithstan∣ding that the Countrie became tributorie vnto them: but that it continued vntill at the length the Britons themselues reduced all their peoples into one Monarchy, howbeit that lasted not any long

season: for vpon Vortiger their king came the Saxons our Aun∣cestors, and they draue the Britons into Wales, Cornwall, and Britaine, in France, and in processe of Warre deuided the Coun∣try amongst themselues into an Eptarchie, or seauen kingdomes, of the which one was called the kingdome of the East Saxons, which hauing in manner the same limmites that the Bishopricke of London now enioyeth, contayned Essex, Middlesex, and a part of Hertfordshire, and so included London. Againe it appeareth that in course of time, and about ••800. yeares after Christ, Eg∣bert (then king of the West Saxons) Vt pisces saepe minutos magnus comest, ouercame the rest of the kinges, and once more erected a Monarchie, the which till the comming in of the Nor∣mans, and from thence euen hetherto hath continued.

Now I doubt not (whatsoeuer London was in the time of Caesar) but that vnder the Eptarchie and Monarchie it hath béene a subiect, and no frée Citie, though happily endowed with some large Priuiledges, for king William the Conqueror founde a Portréeue there whose name was Godfrey (by which name hee gréeteth him in his Saxon Chre) and his office was none other then the charge of a Bayliffe, or Réeue, as by the selfe same name continuing yet in Grauesend, and certaine other places may well appeare. But the Frenchmen vsing their owne language, called him sometime a Prouost, and sometime a Bayliffe, whatsoeuer his name and office were, he was perpetuus Magistratus giuen by the Prince, and not chosen by the Citizens, as it séemeth, for what time king Richarde the first néeded money towardes his ex∣pedition in the Holy Land, they first purchased of him the Liberty to choose yearely from amongst themselues two Bayliffes: And king Iohn his successor, at their like suite changed their Bayliffes into a Maior, and two sheriffes. To these Henry the thirde added Aldermen, at the first elegible yearelie, but afterward by king E. the thirde made perpetuall Magistrates, and Iustices of the peace within their wardes, in which plight of gouernment it presentlie standeth. This shortlie as I could is the Historicall and outward estate of London: now come I to the inwarde pith & substance.

The estate of this City is to bee examined by the quantitie and by the qualitie.

The quantitie therefore consisteth in the number of the Citi∣zens which is very great and farre exceedeth the proportion of Hippodamus which appointed 10000. & of others which haue set downe other numbers as méete styntes in their opinions to bée well gouerned, but yet seeing both reason and experience haue freed vs from the law of any definite number, so that other things bée ••serued, let that bee admitted: neyther is London (I feare mée) so great as populous: for well sayeth onē, non idem est magna ciuitas & frequens, magna est enim quae multos ha∣bet qui arma ferre possunt, whatsoeuer the number bée, the brée∣deth no feare of sedition: forasmuch as the same consisteth not in the extreames, but in a verie mediocrity of Welth and riches, as it shall better appeare anone. And if the causes of English re∣bellions be searched out, they shall be found in effect to bee these twaine, Ambition, and Couetousnes, of which the first raigneth in the mindes of high and noble personages, or of such others, as séeke to be gratious and popular, and haue robbed the heartes of the multitude, whereas in London if any where in the worlde, honos veré onus est, and euery man rather shunneth then séeketh the Maioraltie which is the best marke amongst them, neyther hath there béene any strong faction, nor any man more popular then the rest, forasmuch as the gouernment is by a Paterne (as it were) and alwaies the fame, how often soeuer they change their Magistrate. Couetousnes, (that other Syre of sedition) pos∣sessth the miserable and néedy sort, and such as be naughty packes, vnthrifts, (which although it cannot be chosen, but y^e in a frequent City as London is, there shalbée found many) yet beare they not any great sway, séeing the multitude and most part there is of a competent welth, and earnestly bent to honest labour, I confesse that London is a mighty arme and instrument to bring any great desire to effect, it it may be won to a mans deuotion: whereof also there want not examples in the English Historie. But forasmuch as the same is by the like reason seruiceable and méete to impeach any disloyall attempt, let it rather be well gouerned then euil liked therfore, for it shal appeare anon that as London hath adhered to som rebelliōs, so hath it resisted many & was neuer y^e author of any one. The quality of this city consisteth eyther in the law & gouern∣ment

thereof: or in the degrées and condition of the Citizens, or in their strength and riches.

It is besides the purpose, to dispute, whether the estate of the gouernment here bee a Democratie, or Aristocratie, for what∣soeuer it bée being considered in it selfe, certaine it is, that in res∣pect of the whole Realme, London is but a Citizen, and no cittie, a subiect and no free estate, an obedienciarie, and no place endow∣ed, with any distinct or absolute power, for it is gouerned by the same law, that the rest of the Realme is, both in causes Criminall and Ciuill, a few customes onely excepted, which also are to bee adiudged, or foriudged by the common law. And in the assembly of the estates of our Realme (which wée call Parliament) they are but a member of the Comminaltie, and send two Burgesses, for their citie, as euery poore Borough doth, and two knights for their County as euerie other shire doth, and are as straightlie bound by such lawes as any part of the Realme is, for if contribu∣tion in subsidie of money to the Prince be decréede, the Londoners haue none exemption, no not so much as to assesse themselues: for the Prince doth appoint the commissioners.

If Souldiers must be mustered, Londoners haue no law to keepe themselues at home, if prouision for the Princes householde bée to be made, their goodes are not Priueledged. In summe there∣fore the gouernment of London differeth not in substance, but in ceremonie from the rest of the Realme, as namely, in the names and choise of their officers, and in their Guildes and Fraternities, established for the maintenance of Handicraftes, and Labourers and for equitie and good order, to bee kept in buying and selling. And yet in these also are they to bée controlled by the general law for by the statutes 28. E. 3. Chap. 10. and 1. H. 4. Cha. 15. the pointes of their misgouernment are inquirable by the inhabitants of the Forren shires adioyning and punishable by such Iusticiars as the Prince shall thereunto depute, to conclude therefore the e∣state of London for gouernment is so agreeable a Symphony with the rest, that there is no feare of dangerous discord to ensue thereby.

The multitude (or whole bodie) of this populous Citie is two waies to bee considered, generally, and specially, generally

they bée naturall subiectes, a part of the commons of this Realme and are by birth for the most part a mixture of all countries of the same, by bloud Gentlemen, Yeomen, and of the basest sorte, with∣out distinction: and by profession busie Bées, and trauellers for their liuing in the Hiue of this common welth, but specially con∣sidered, they consist of these thrée partes, Marchantes, Handicrafts men, and Labourers. Marchandize is also deuided into these thrée sortes, Nauigation, by the which Marchandizes are brought, and carried in and out ouer the Seas, Inuection by the which com∣modities are gathered into the Citie, and dispersed from thence in∣to the Countrie by land and negotiation, which I may call the kéeping of a retayling or standing shop. In common speech they of the first sort bée called Marchantes, and both the other Retay∣lers, Handicraftes men be those which do exercise such artes as re∣quire both labour and cunning, as Goldsmithes, Taylors and Habberdashers, Skinners &c. Labourers and Hirelinges, I cal those quorum operae non artes emuntur, as Tullie sayeth, of which sorte be Portars, Carmen, Watermen &c. Againe these thrée sortes may be considered eyther in respect of their welth, or number: in welth Marchantes, and some of the chiefe Retaylers haue the first place, the most part of Retaylers, and all artificers: the second or meane place, and Hyrelinges the lowest roome: but in number they of the middle place, be first, and do ••arre exceede both the rest: Hyrelinges be next, and Marchantes bee the last. Now, out of this, that the estate of London, in the persons of the Citizens, is so frendly interlaced, and knit in league with the rest of the realme, not onely at their beginning by birth and bloude as I haue shewed, but also very commonlie at their ending by life and conuersation (for that Marchantes and rich men being satisfied with gaine doe for the most part) marrie their children into the Countrie, and conuey themselues after Cicerors counsell, Veluti ex portu in agros et possessiones: I doe inferre that there is not onely no danger towardes the common quiet thereby, but also great occasion and cause of good loue and amitie: out of this, that they bée generally bent to trauell and do flie pouertie, per mare, per saxa, per ignes, as the Poet sayeth, I draw hope, that they shall escape the note of many vices, which idle people doe fall into

And out of this, that they bee a greate multitude, and that yet the greatest part of them bée neyther too rich not too poore, but doe liue in the mediocritie, I conclude with Aristotle that the Prince néedeth not to feare sedition by them, for thus sayeth hee. Magnae vrbes, magis sunt a seditione liberae, quod in eis dominetur mediocritas, nam in paruis nihil medium est, sunt enim om∣nes vel pauperes vel opulenti. I am now to come to the strength and power of this Citie, which consisteth partly in the number of the Citizens themselues, whereof I haue spoken be∣fore, partly in their riches, and in their warlike furniture, for as touching the strength of the peece it selfe that is apparant to the eye, and therefore is not to bée treated of.

The welth and warlicke furniture of London is eyther pub∣licke of priuate, and no doubt the common trasure cannot be much there, seeing that the reuenew which they haue, hardly sufficeth to maintaine their Bridge and Conduites, and to pay their officers and seruantes. Their Tolle doth not any more then pay their Fée Ferme, that they pay to the Prince. Their Issues for default of Appearances be neuer leuied, and the profites of their courtes of Iustice, do go to particular mens handes. Arguments hereof bée these twoo: one that they can doe nothing of extraordinarie charge, without a generall contribution: an other that they haue suffered such, as haue borne the chiefe office amongst them, and were become Bankrupt, to depart the Citie, without releefe: which I thinke they neyther would nor could haue done, if the common treasure had sufficed to couer their shame, hereof there∣fore wée néede not be afraid. The publike armour and munition of this City remayneth in the Halles of the Companies, as it doth throughout the whole Realme, for a great part in the par∣rish churches, neyther is that kept together, but onely for obedi∣ence to the law, which commandeth it, and therefore if that threa∣ten danger to the estate, it may (by another law) be taken from them, and committed to a more safe Armourie.

The Priuate riches of London resteth chiefly in the handes of the Marchantes, and Retaylers, for Artificers haue not much to spare, and Labourers hau neede that it were giuen vnto them. Now how necessarie and seruiceable the estate of Marchandize is

to this Realm, if may partly appeare by the practise of that peace∣able, politike, and rich Prince king Henry the seauenth, of whom Polidore (writing his life) sayeth thus, Mercatores ille saepe∣numero pecunia multa data gratuitò iuuabat, vt mercatu∣ra (ars vna omnium cunctis aequè mortalibus tum cōmoda, tum necessaria) in suo regno copiosior esset. But chiefly, by the inestimable commodities that grow thereby: for who knoweth not that wee haue extreame néede of many thinges, whereof for∣raine countries haue great store, and that wee may spare many thinges whereof they haue neede? or who is ignorant of this that wee haue no mines of siluer or golde within our Realme? so that the increase of our coyne, and Bulloine commeth from else where, and yet neuerthelesse we be both fed, clad, and otherwise serued with forreine commodities and delightes, as plentiful as with our domestical: which thing commeth to passe by the meane of mar∣chandize onely, which importeth necessaries from other countries, and exporteth the superfluities of our own. For seeing we haue no way to encrease our treasure by mines of gold or siluer at home, and can haue nothing without money or Ware from other coun∣tries abroad, if followeth necessarily, that it we follow the councel of that good old Husband Marcus Cato, saying, oportet patrem familias vendacem esse, non emacem, and do carrie more cō∣modities in value ouer the seas, then wée bring hether from thence: that then the Realme shall receiue that ouerplus in money: but if we bring from beyond the seas marchandize of more value, then that which we do send ouer may counteruaile, then the Realme payeth for the ouerplus in readie money, and consequently is a looser by that ill husbandrie: and therefore in this part great and héedefull regard must be had that Symmetria, and due proportion be kept, least otherwise, eyther the Realme bee defrauded of her treasure, or the subiectes corrupted in vanitie, by excessiue importa∣tion of superfluous and néedelesse Marchandize, or els that we féele penurie, euen in our greatest plentie and store by immoderate ex∣portation of our owne néedefull commodities. Other the benefites that marchandize bringeth, shall hereafter appeare in the gene∣rall recitall of the commodities that come by London: and there∣fore

it resteth that I speake a worde of Retaylors, and finally shew that much good groweth by them both. The chiefe parte of retayling is but a handmaid to marchandize, dispersing by péece∣meale that which the marchant bringeth in grosse: of which trade be Mercers, Grocers, Uinteners, Haberdashers, Ironmongers, Millayners, & all such as sell wares growing or made beyond the seas: & therefore so long as Marchandize it selfe shalbe profitable, & such proportion kept as neyther wée loose our treasure thereby, nor bee cloyed with vnnecessarie forrein Wares, this kinde of re∣tayling is to be retayned also.

Now that Marchantes and Retaylers of London be very rich and greate, it is so farre from any harme, that it is a thing both praise worthie, and profitable: for Mercatura (sayeth Cicero) si tenuis est, fordida putanda est, sin magna est & copiosa non est vituperanda. And truely Marchantes and Retaylers doe not altogether intus Canere, and profit themselues onely, for the Prince, and Realme both are enriched by their riches: the Realm winneth treasure, if their trade be so moderated by authority, that it breake not proportion, & they besides beare a good fléece which the Prince may sheare when shée séeth good,

But heere before I conclude this part, I have shortly to aun∣swere the accusation of those men, which charge London with the losse and decay of many (or most) of the auncient Cities, Corpo∣rate Townes, and Marketes within this Realme, by drawing from them to her selfe alone (say they) both all trade of traffique by sea, and the retayling of wares, and exercise of manuall artes also. Touching Nauigation, which (I must confesse) is apparantly de∣cayed in many port townes, and flourisheth only•• or chiefly at Lon∣don, I impute that, partly to the fall of the Staple (the which bée∣ing long since a great trade, and bestowed sometimes at one town and sometimes at an other within the Realme, did much enrich the place where it was: & being now not onely diminished in force, but also translated ouer the seas, cannot but bring some decay with it (partly to the empayring of Hauens, which in many places haue empouerished those Townes, whose estate doth ebbe and ••low with them, and partly to the dissolution of Religious houses,

by whose welth and haunt, many of those places were chiefly fed and nourished. I meane not to rehearse particular examples of e∣uery sorte: for the thing it selfe speaketh, and I hast to an ende: As for Retaylers therefore, and Handicraftes men, it is no mar∣uaile if they abandon Countrie Townes, and resort to London: for of nonely the Court, (which is now a dayes much greater and more gallant then in former times, and which was wont to bee contented to remain with a smal company, sometimes at an Abbey or Priorie, sometimes at a Bishops house, and sometimes at some meane Mannor of the kings own) is now for the most part eyther abiding at London, or els so neare vnto it, that the prouision of thinges most fit for it, may easily be fetched from thence: but al∣so by occasion thereof the Gentlemen of all shires do flie, and flocke to this City, the yonger sorte of them to sée and shew vanitie, and the elder to saue the cost and charge of Hospitality, and house kée∣ping. For hereby it commeth to passe that the Gentlemen be∣ing eyther for a good portion of the yeare out of the Countrie, or playing the Fermours, Grasiars, Brewers or such like, more then Gentlemen were wont to doe within the Countrie, Retay∣lers and Artificers, at the least of such thinges as pertaine to the backe or belly, do leaue the Countrie townes where there is no vent, and do flie to London, where they be sure to finde ready and quicke market. And yet I wish, that euen as many townes in the Low Countries of king Phillips do stand some by one handy arte and some by an other: so also that it might be prouided here, that the making of some thinges might (by discrete dispensation) be allotted to some speciall Townes, to the end, that although the dayntenesse of men cannot be restrayned, which will néedes séeke those thinges at London, yet other places also might bee reléeued, at the least by the Workemanshippe of them.

Thus much then of the estate of London, in the gouernment thereof, in the condition of the Citizens, and in their power and riches. Now follow the enumeration of such benefites as re∣bound to the Prince and this realme by this City: In which do∣ing I professe not to rehearse all, but onely to recite and runne ouer the chiefe and principall of them.

Besides the commodities of the furtherance of Religion and Iustice: The propagation of Learning: The maintenance of artes: The increase of riches, and the defence of Countries (all which are before shewed to grow generally by Cities, and bee common to London with them) London bringeth singularlie these good thinges following.

By aduantage of the scituation it disperseth forraine Wares (as the stomacke doth meat) to all the members most commodi∣ously.

By the Benefite of the riuer of Thames, and greate trade of Marchandize, it is the chiefe maker of Marriners, and Nurse of our Nauie: and ships (as men know) bee the wodden walles for defence of our Realme.

It maintayneth in florishing estate, the Countries of Norfolke, Suffolke, Essex, Kent, and Sussex, which as they lie in the face of our most puissant neighbour, so ought they (aboue others) to be conserued in the greatest strength and riches: and these (as it is well known) stand not so much by the benefite of their own soile, as by the neighbourhood and nearenes which they haue to Londō.

It releeueth plentifully, and with good policie, not onely her owne poore people (a thing which scarcely any other Towne or shire doth) but also the poore that from ech quarter of the realme do flocke vnto it, and it imparteth liberally to the necessitie of the Uniuersities besides. It is an ornament to the realm by the bew∣tie thereof, & a terror to other countries by reason of the greate welth and frequencie. It spreadeth the honor of our Countrie far abroade by her long nauigations, and maketh our power feared, euen of barbarous Princes. It onely is stored with rich Mar∣chantes which sort onely is tollerable: for beggerlie Marchants, do byte too neare, & will do more harme then good to the realme. It onely of any place in this realme is able to furnish the sodaine necessitie with a strong Army. It auaileth the prince in Tonnage, Poundage and other her customes, much more then all the rest of the Realme.

It yeeldeth a greater Subsidie then any one part of the realme, I meane not for the proportion of the value of the goodes onely,

but also for the faithfull seruice there vsed, in making the assesse, for no where else bee men taxed so neare to their iust value as in London: yea manye are founde there, that for their countenaunce and credite sake, refuse not to bee rated a∣boue their abilitie, which thing neuer happeneth abroade in the countrie. I omit that in auncient time, the inhabitantes of Lon∣don and other cities, were accustomably taxed after the tenth of their goodes, when the Countrie was assessed at the fiftéenth, and rated at the viij.when the countrie was set at the xij.for that were to awake a sléeping Dogge, and I should be thought dicenda, ta∣cenda, locutus, as the Poet said.

It onely doth and is able to make the Prince a ready prest or loane of money.

It onely is founde fit and able to entertaine strangers honora∣blie, and to receaue the Prince of the realme worthely.

Almightie God (qui nisi custo diat ciuitatem, frustra vigilat custos) grant, that her Maiestie euermore rightly estéeme and rule this Citie, and he giue grace, that the Citizens may answere duty, aswell towards God and her Maiestie, as towardes this whole realme and countrie, Amen.

Notes

• * 1.1

  Geffery Mommoth.
• * 1.2

  Trinouan∣tum hath the writen Copies.
• * 1.3

  Caire-Lud, the Citie of Lud, but Luds town is a Saxon word.
• * 1.4

  Cesars Co∣mentaries. liber. 5.
• * 1.5

  Trinobants Citizens of London
• * 1.6

  Mādubrace and the Trinobants yeeld to Cesar, and he defended them.
• * 1.7

  Cassibilans towne west from Lon∣don for Ce∣sar saith 80. miles from the sea, Cities of the Britaines were com∣bersom woods for∣tified.
• * 1.8

  Britaine sessed to pay a yerely tri∣bute to the Romaines.
• * 1.9

  Trinobant, new Lon∣don.
• * 1.10

  Cities of the Britans not artificially builded with houses nor walled. with stone
• * 1.11

  S••rabo, Pomponius. Mela, Taci∣tus. Dion.
• * 1.12

  London most famus for Mar∣chantes and intercourse.
• * 1.13

  The Britons had no hou¦ses, but cot∣tages.
• * 1.14

  The Britons went naked their bodi∣es painted.
• * 1.15

  Richborow in Kent Verulami∣um. Cilcester Roxcester Kenchester. Keyland. Of the wal, about Lon∣don.
• * 1.16

  Simeon of Durham.
• * 1.17

  The Ro∣maines left to gouerne Britaine.
• * 1.18

  The Scots and Picts inuade this land.
• * 1.19

  Britaines vnskilfull of building with stone
• * 1.20

  Witichin∣dus.
• * 1.21

  Wal of ston builded by the Romās. bewtixt the Britans, and Scots.
• * 1.22

  Malmsbery. Bede.
• * 1.23

  The Bri∣tains giuen to gluttony, dronkennes, pride and ••ontention.
• * 1.24

  The Britaines plagued for their sinfull life.
• * 1.25

  Witichendus•• Bede.
• * 1.26

  The Saxons sent for to de∣fend the Bri∣taines, but they draue thē into the moun¦tains.
• * 1.27

  Saxons vnskil∣ful of building with stone.
• * 1.28

  Benet a monk brought ma∣sons into this land amongst the Saxons.
• * 1.29

  Trinouāt since called Londō.
• * 1.30

  Camden. the city of Lon¦don destroye•• by the Danes, and againe re¦paired.
• * 1.31

  W. Malmes∣bery. Assur. Marianus Florentius,
• * 1.32

  W. Fitzstephē The Citie of London wal∣led round a∣boute by the Riuer of Thames. Wals of Lon∣don repayred
• * 1.33

  Roger of Win¦douer. Ma∣thew Paris, Randulph Cocshall.
• * 1.34

  Mathew Paris
• * 1.35

  Pattent.
• * 1.36

  Circuit of the Wall from the east to the west.
• * 1.37

  Riuer of Thames.
• * 1.38

  whirries on the Thames. Riuer of wels
• * 1.39

  Decay of the Riuer of the Wels.
• * 1.40

  parliament re∣cord.
• * 1.41

  Riuer of wels b••re shipes.
• * 1.42

  patent recorde Mils by Bay∣nardes castle made in the first of King Iohn.
• * 1.43

  Riuer socalled in the yeare 1307.
• * 1.44

  Turnemill brooke.
• * 1.45

  Fleete dike promised to be clensed•• the money collect¦ed, but the Citizens de∣ce•• ued.
• * 1.46

  A running water called Walbrooke.
• * 1.47

  liber custom••
• * 1.48

  Walbrooke vaulted and paued ouer.
• * 1.49

  Sharebourne lane.
• * 1.50

  Langbourne warde.
• * 1.51

  Fitzstephen. Holywell
• * 1.52

  Clements well.
• * 1.53

  Clarkes well
• * 1.54

  Skinners well
• * 1.55

  Dame Annis the cleare.
• * 1.56

  Perilous pond
• * 1.57

  Horsepoole.
• * 1.58

  poole without Cripplegate.
• * 1.59

  Patent 1236.
• * 1.60

  Thames wa∣ter conueyed into mens houses, in the east parte of the City.
• * 1.61

  Conduites in old fishstreet.
• * 1.62

  Thames wa∣ter conueyed into the west part of the City.
• * 1.63

  Benefactors towardes the water condu∣••es.
• * 1.64

  Liber Dunst∣bl••.
• * 1.65

  Ditch about London 20•• foote brode. Liber Trinie••
• * 1.66

  Plentie of fish in the towne ditch.
• * 1.67

  Londō brid•• first of timbe••
• * 1.68

  A fire ouer th•• Thames be∣tween Lon∣don and Southwarke
• * 1.69

  Londō bridge builded of timber.
• * 1.70

  VVilliam Malmsebery.
• * 1.71

  •• went ••ryshod vnder Londō bridge Liber barmond.
• * 1.72

  Liber barmond. Liber trinitate.
• * 1.73

  Londō bridg•• of stone four••¦ded.
• * 1.74

  Liber wauer••.
• * 1.75

  Londō brid•• 33. yeares in building.
• * 1.76

  Chaple on Londō bridg••
• * 1.77

  Liber dunmew. Gualter Co∣uent.
• * 1.78

  VV. packenton, London bridg perished with Fire.
• * 1.79

  5. Arches of London bridg borne downe
• * 1.80

  9. persons crowded to death on Lon∣don bridge Tower on London bridg builded.
• * 1.81

  An house o•• Londō bri•• fel down.
• * 1.82

  Fleete brid••••
• * 1.83

  Oldbourne bridge.
• * 1.84

  Cowbridge.
• * 1.85

  Bridge ouer the town ditch
• * 1.86

  Bridges ouer the course of Walbrooke.
• * 1.87

  Horshew bridge.
• * 1.88

  Walbrooke vaulted and paued.
• * 1.89

  Gates of Lon∣don 4 north, south, east and west.
• * 1.90

  Posterne by the Tower •••• London.
• * 1.91

  Aldgate.
• * 1.92

  Soke or Court
• * 1.93

  Bishopsgate.
• * 1.94

  Liber trinitati.
• * 1.95

  Bishopsgate streete with∣out, of old time called Bearewardes lane.
• * 1.96

  Charter.
• * 1.97

  Recorde.
• * 1.98

  Liber cu∣stome, London.
• * 1.99

  Bishopsgate repared by the Marchants of the Haunce Bishopsgate was builded.
• * 1.100

  Bishopsgate, prouided to haue beene new builded Posterne, called Moor•••• gate.
• * 1.101

  posterne of Criplegate. Abba Florien∣sis. Burcharde.
• * 1.102

  Liber S Bar∣••tilmew.
• * 1.103

  Criplesgate a prison for t••espassors.
• * 1.104

  Record.
• * 1.105

  Criplesgate new builded.
• * 1.106

  Aldersgate.
• * 1.107

  Beware the Cat.
• * 1.108

  A Postern out of Christes Ho••pitall,
• * 1.109

  Newgate.
• * 1.110

  Newgate first builded, and the cause why.
• * 1.111

  Close role. Newgate a ••ayle or pri∣son house. The king re∣payred it.
• * 1.112

  The Shiriffes of London prisoners in the Tower for escape of a prisoner out of Newgate.
• * 1.113

  The kinges Chauncellor prisoner in New gate.
• * 1.114

  Newgate new builded.
• * 1.115

  Ludgate.
• * 1.116

  Roger VVinde∣••ar. Matl••ew Paris.
• * 1.117

  Ludgate new builded.
• * 1.118

  Iewes houses spoiled.
• * 1.119

  Patent.
• * 1.120

  Ludgate agai•• new builded.
• * 1.121

  Ludgate in∣larged in the raigne of H. the sixt.
• * 1.122

  Ludgate a fre•• prison.
• * 1.123

  Record Guild. hall.
• * 1.124

  Old verses on Ludgate.
• * 1.125

  A breach in the wal against Bridewell.
• * 1.126

  Watergates Queenes hith
• * 1.127

  Downe gate.
• * 1.128

  A lad of 13. yeares old. drowned in a channell at downegate.
• * 1.129

  Marchants of the Haunce, landed their corne betwixt their house, & the Black friers
• * 1.130

  Wolses gate in the Roperie. Liber Horn Liber S. Albon
• * 1.131

  Ebgate Liber trinitate, Liber S, Albon Record E. the 3.
• * 1.132

  Oystergate
• * 1.133

  Bridge gate.
• * 1.134

  W. Dunthorne
• * 1.135

  Buttolphes gate.
• * 1.136

  Belingsgate.
• * 1.137

  Geffrey Mon∣mouth.
• * 1.138

  Watergate by the custome house.
• * 1.139

  Watergate by the Tower.
• * 1.140

  Wharfes and Keyes.
• * 1.141

  The Tower •• London.
• * 1.142

  In my Annals.
• * 1.143

  Tower of Lō∣don builded by William Conqueror, namely the white Tower.
• * 1.144

  VVilliam Malmsebery. Mathew Paris I. London, Castle by the Tower build∣ed.
• * 1.145

  Eastsmithfield •••• Vineyarde.
• * 1.146

  Ex. Chart••.
• * 1.147

  Geffrey Mag∣na Ville, Earle of Essex, Con∣stable of the Tower and Sheriffe of London.
• * 1.148

  Roger VVinde∣uar.
• * 1.149

  Iohn Beuer.
• * 1.150

  The Tower of London com∣passed about with a wall & a ditch.
• * 1.151

  S. Katherines mill stood where now is the Iron gate of the Tower.
• * 1.152

  Bulwarke without the Tower build∣ed.
• * 1.153

  Mathew Paris.
• * 1.154

  Record. Tower. Ditch about the Towerres payred.
• * 1.155

  Tower repay∣red by Henry the eight,
• * 1.156

  Actions of the Tower.
• * 1.157

  Iustices sate in the Tower of London.
• * 1.158

  Plees of the Crowne plea∣ded in the Tower.
• * 1.159

  Mathew Paris.
• * 1.160

  Constantine Fitz Aelufe hanged
• * 1.161

  Griffith of Wales fel from the Tower.
• * 1.162

  Sheriffes of London priso∣ners in the Tower.
• * 1.163

  K. Henry land∣ed in the To∣wer, and held his Parliament thers.
• * 1.164

  Leoline prince of Wales his head set on the Tower.
• * 1.165

  Iustices of the Bench sent to the Tower.
• * 1.166

  Iustices sate in the Tower.
• * 1.167

  Mortimer made an e∣scape out of the Tower. Citizēs of Lōdon wrested y^e keyes of the Tower from the Constable. Mortimer drawne from the Tower to the Elmes, & hanged
• * 1.168

  A Mint in the Tower: Florēces of gold coi∣ned there.
• * 1.169

  Argent, and Pecunia after called Estar∣ling.
• * 1.170

  W. Conqueror Weare no beardes. W. Malmsbery
• * 1.171

  Roger Houe∣den.
• * 1.172

  VVeight of starling penie 32. graines of Wheate.
• * 1.173

  The penie E∣sterling how i•• tooke the name.
• * 1.174

  Starling mo∣ney when it tooke begin∣ning in this land.
• * 1.175

  Of halfepence ond farthings.
• * 1.176

  The kinges Exchange at London.
• * 1.177

  Mints in Eng∣land.
• * 1.178

  patent 9. Iohn
• * 1.179

  Deminishing. of Coine.
• * 1.180

  Thomas VVal∣singham. First groates and halfe coyned.
• * 1.181

  Coines of gold enhaunced.
• * 1.182

  Coines of golde allayed and also raised in valew, Rose, Noble.
• * 1.183

  French king Prisoner in the Tower.
• * 1.184

  Rebels of Ken•• enter the Tower.
• * 1.185

  Richard the 2. prisoner in the Tower.
• * 1.186

  King Henry the 6. murdred in the Tower
• * 1.187

  King Edward the 5. murde∣red in the tow¦er.
• * 1.188

  Vse of the Tower.
• * 1.189

  Tower at the north end of the draw bridg
• * 1.190

  Tower at the south ende of the bridge.
• * 1.191

  The south gate on London bridge burned
• * 1.192

  Baynardes Castle. Fitzstephen. Garua. Tilbery
• * 1.193

  Liber Dunm••••.
• * 1.194

  Robert Fitzwa¦ter banished.
• * 1.195

  Baynardes castle destroy∣ed.
• * 1.196

  Virginity de∣fended with the losse of worldly goods and life of the bodie, for life of the soule
• * 1.197

  King Iohns oath.
• * 1.198

  Robert Fitz∣water restored to the kings fauour.
• * 1.199

  Baynardes castle againe builded.
• * 1.200

  Richarde Fitz∣water Castili∣an of London, and banner bearer.
• * 1.201

  Humphrey Duke of Glo∣cester new budded Bay∣nardes Castle. Richard Duke of Yorke, ho∣nor of Bay∣nardes Castle. Richarde of Glocester in Baynardes Ca∣stle tooke on him the Crowne.
• * 1.202

  King Henry the first was lodged in Bay∣nardes Castle.
• * 1.203

  Tower of Montfiquit.
• * 1.204

  Barons of London.
• * 1.205

  Tower in the Thames.
• * 1.206

  Tower or Castle on the west of Lon∣dō by S. Brides Church.
• * 1.207

  ••ita Arken••ald
• * 1.208

  The kinges house by S. Brides in Eleetestreete.
• * 1.209

  Mathew Pari•• manuscript••. Parliament at S. Brides.
• * 1.210

  Bridewell builded by Henry the 8.
• * 1.211

  Barbican or Burhkenning.
• * 1.212

  Tower Royall.
• * 1.213

  ••ohn Frosarde.
• * 1.214

  Liber S. in en∣borum. The king of Ermony came into England.
• * 1.215

  Richarde the 2. lodged in the Tower Royall.
• * 1.216

  Famous Schooles of philosophie by priuiledge in London.
• * 1.217

  Solemne mee∣tinges and dis∣puting of schollers Logi∣cally and De∣monstratiuely.
• * 1.218

  Grammar schooles and schollers thei•• exercises.
• * 1.219

  Mathew Paris
• * 1.220

  euery cathedral Church had his schoole for poore schollers
• * 1.221

  Iugulphus
• * 1.222

  Free schoole at VVestminster, in the raigne of Edward the Confessor.
• * 1.223

  Priories alliens suppressed••
• * 1.224

  Henry the sixt appointed Grammar Schooles.
• * 1.225

  Grammar schools appoin¦ted by Parlia∣ment.
• * 1.226

  Paules schoole new builded.
• * 1.227

  Free schools in Christes Hos∣pitall.
• * 1.228

  Free schole founded by the Marchant Taylors.
• * 1.229

  Scholers dispu∣ted in S. Bartil∣mews church∣yarde.
• * 1.230

  Disputation of Schollers in Christes Hospitall.
• * 1.231

  Lecture in Chirurgery
• * 1.232

  Mathematicall lecture read.
• * 1.233

  Sir Thomas Greshams Colledge in London.
• * 1.234

  A vniuersity of students in & about this Citie.
• * 1.235

  Houses of stu∣dents of the commō lawes and Iudges.
• * 1.236

  Chesters Inne or strand Inne
• * 1.237

  Houses of Court what they be.
• * 1.238

  Apprentizes at the law.
• * 1.239

  Men of all trades in di∣stinct places. Wine in ships and wine in Tauern••s. Cookes row in Thame∣street.
• * 1.240

  Smithfield for a plain smooth ground, is cal∣led smeth and smothie.
• * 1.241

  Market for horses and o∣ther cattell.
• * 1.242

  Marchants of all nations tra∣ded at this Ci∣ty, & had their seuerall Keyes and wharfes.
• * 1.243

  The Authors opinion of this Citie, the anti∣quitie thereof after some au∣thors which he had reade.
• * 1.244

  This Citie de∣uided into Wardes more then 400 years since, and also had then both Aldermen and Sheriffes.
• * 1.245

  Customes of London.
• * 1.246

  Casualtie of fires when houses were couered with thatch.
• * 1.247

  Stockfishmon∣ger row, old fishstreet, and new fishstreet.
• * 1.248

  Thomas Clif∣ford.
• * 1.249

  William Malmsbery.
• * 1.250

  Li. Constitu∣tions
• * 1.251

  Li. H••rne.
• * 1.252

  Li. Clarken∣well.
• * 1.253

  Purpresture in and about this citie. W. Patten. Carres and Drayes not well gouerned in this Citie, daungerons.
• * 1.254

  L.S. Mary Aborum.
• * 1.255

  Riding in Wherlicotes.
• * 1.256

  Riding in side saddles, that were wont to ride a stride. Riding in Coaches.
• * 1.257

  W. Fitz Ste∣phen.
• * 1.258

  The causes of great shewes and musters in this citie of old time, more then of late.
• * 1.259

  Neuill Earle of Warwicke. R. Fabian manuscript.
• * 1.260

  Liber Ely. West Bish. of Ely.
• * 1.261

  Earle of Darby
• * 1.262

  Tho. L. Audley
• * 1.263

  Edw. Duke of Sommerset.
• * 1.264

  Of sports and pastimes in this Citie eue∣rie thing hath his time, a time to weepe a time to laugh, a time to mourne, & a time to daunce. Eccles. 3.
• * 1.265

  Stage playes.
• * 1.266

  Cock fighting.
• * 1.267

  Ball play.
• * 1.268

  Exercise of war like feates on horsebacke with disarmed launces.
• * 1.269

  Battailes on water.
• * 1.270

  Leaping, dan∣cing, shooting wrestling,
• * 1.271

  Dauncing.
• * 1.272

  Fighting of Boars, bayting of Beares and Bulles.
• * 1.273

  The More field when there was no ditch by the wall of the Citie slyding on the yce.
• * 1.274

  Hauking and hunting.
• * 1.275

  A Stage play continued.
• * 1.276

  A stage play that lasted eight daies.
• * 1.277

  Theater and Curtine for Comedies & other shewes Cocke fight.
• * 1.278

  The ball at Tennis play
• * 1.279

  Leaping, dan∣cing, shooting wrestling, &c.
• * 1.280

  Games of de∣fence.
• * 1.281

  Playing at the Bucklers.
• * 1.282

  Dauncing for garlandes in the streets.
• * 1.283

  Mathew Paris. Shewes for tri∣umphes.
• * 1.284

  The citizens roade.
• * 1.285

  Imbrodered garments
• * 1.286

  Fishmongers procession, for triumph of victorie, against the Scots, more then a thou∣sand ••orsmen.
• * 1.287

  A shew by torch sight, being a Mom∣me••••e, of more then 100. horses.
• * 1.288

  The prince did winne three Iewels of the Maskers.
• * 1.289

  I. of misrule at Christmas.
• * 1.290

  Twisted trees ••e•• from the woodes.
• * 1.291

  May games.
• * 1.292

  Edward Hall.
• * 1.293

  Robin Hoode and his men shot before the king.
• * 1.294

  Bishops wood Bishops hall by Blethenhal greene.
• * 1.295

  The pleasant moneth of May comme••¦ded.
• * 1.296

  Watches in the night com∣manded.
• * 1.297

  Bonefiers and banqueting in the streetes.
• * 1.298

  Watches at Midsommer.
• * 1.299

  A greate mu∣ster at Londō.
• * 1.300

  Iohn Mount∣gomery.
• * 1.301

  The modest matrons that haue beene and ought to be.
• * 1.302

  Worthines of men Citizens of London.
• * 1.303

  Constantine the Emperour borne in Lon∣don.
• * 1.304

  Honorable actions done by the worthie Citizens.
• * 1.305

  Walter Brune
• * 1.306

  Simon Fitz∣marie.
• * 1.307

  Henry Wallice maior.
• * 1.308

  Elsing Spittle for 100. poore blinde men.
• * 1.309

  Patent recorde.
• * 1.310

  Henry Picard Maior of Lon¦don feasted foure Kinge in one day. s.
• * 1.311

  Iohn Filpot. a most•• famous Citizen.
• * 1.312

  Thomas Wal••singham.
• * 1.313

  William Wal¦worthes Vali∣antie.
• * 1.314

  William Wal¦worth and o∣ther knighted in the field.
• * 1.315

  Robert Knoles.
• * 1.316

  Adam Bamne.
• * 1.317

  Thomas Fauconer.
• * 1.318

  Recorde.
• * 1.319

  Richard VVhitington.
• * 1.320

  Iohn Reinwel
• * 1.321

  Iohn VVels.
• * 1.322

  Stephen Browne.
• * 1.323

  Symon Eyre
• * 1.324

  Edmond Shaa
• * 1.325

  Hugh Cloptō.
• * 1.326

  Robert Fabian labored and spent his time and goods in writing for posterities.
• * 1.327

  Sir Thomas White.
• * 1.328

  Sir Thomas Gresham.
• * 1.329

  Margaret Dan
• * 1.330

  Lady Mary Ramsey.
• * 1.331

  Wiliam Lamb
• * 1.332

  Iohn Haydon.
• * 1.333

  Barnalde Randulph.
• * 1.334

  Iohn Lidgate.
• * 1.335

  The Cite of London deui∣ded from east to west.
• * 1.336

  The stockes market the midst of the Citie.
• * 1.337

  The Citie de••uided from North to South.
• * 1.338

  The course Walbrooke
• * 1.339

  Patent Recorde.
• * 1.340

  Portsoken warde.
• * 1.341

  Li••••••r Trinita Knighetn Guilde.
• * 1.342

  Boundes Knighten Guild or Portsok•••• warde.
• * 1.343

  Liber Trinitate
• * 1.344

  P••iorie of the Trinitie within Ealdgate.
• * 1.345

  Knighten Guilde geue•• the Canons of the holy Trinitie.
• * 1.346

  Barons of London.
• * 1.347

  Constables of the Tower.
• * 1.348

  Parte of Cnitten Guild with held b•• the Constables of the Tower.
• * 1.349

  Prior of the Trinitie an Alderman of London.
• * 1.350

  Hospitall of S. Katherens.
• * 1.351

  New Abbey on Eastsmith∣field
• * 1.352

  Buriall for the dead, prepared in time of pea¦stilence.
• * 1.353

  Tower hill.
• * 1.354

  Marchant Taylors almes li••uses.
• * 1.355

  Abbey of Saint Clare Nunnes called the Minories.
• * 1.356

  Store house for armour.
• * 1.357

  Parish church of S. Trinitie. A farme by the Minories.
• * 1.358

  Parish Church of S. Buttolph
• * 1.359

  Hogge lane.
• * 1.360

  Hounds ditch.
• * 1.361

  Bedred peo∣ple in Hounds ditch.
• * 1.362

  Brasse ordi∣nance cast in Hounds ditch••
• * 1.363

  Towerstreet warde.
• * 1.364

  Tower hill
• * 1.365

  Scaffold on Tower hill.
• * 1.366

  Liberl. folio 40.
• * 1.367

  Proclamation W. Danthorne
• * 1.368

  Chicke lane.
• * 1.369

  Berwards lane
• * 1.370

  Towerstreet.
• * 1.371

  Alhallowes Barking a pa∣rish church. Barking chap∣pell of our La∣die.
• * 1.372

  The kings Chappell of Barking.
• * 1.373

  Sidon lane.
• * 1.374

  Parish church of S. Olaue in Hartstreet.
• * 1.375

  Woodroffe lane.
• * 1.376

  Mart lane •• a Mart kept boute Blan•• Chappel.
• * 1.377

  Mincheon lane, Galley men dwelle•• there.
• * 1.378

  Clothwork hall.
• * 1.379

  Gristes hot••
• * 1.380

  Iohn Cha••••∣neis Alder∣man blinde••
• * 1.381

  Beare lane•• Sporiar lane, or Water lane or Hart lane. Bakers hall. Harpe lane.
• * 1.382

  ••alley Row ••hurch lane ••y East.
• * 1.383

  ••hurch lane •••• the west.
• * 1.384

  ••owle lane.
• * 1.385

  ••rish church ••S. Dunstone ••he east.
• * 1.386

  Passekes Wharfe and Hornars Key.
• * 1.387

  Whole wharfe by Custome key.
• * 1.388

  Water gate by Wolle key.
• * 1.389

  Custome house.
• * 1.390

  Tronage of wels.
• * 1.391

  Custome house.
• * 1.392

  Portars key or Portars lane Galley key.
• * 1.393

  Pety Wales.
• * 1.394

  Iulius Cesars house by the Tower as was said.
• * 1.395

  Princes of Wales their lodging.
• * 1.396

  The Mar∣chantes of I∣taly their lod∣ging by their Gallies.
• * 1.397

  No Gallies landed here in memorie of men liuing.
• * 1.398

  A strange kind of building by Shipwrightes or Gally men
• * 1.399

  An Hospitall for Lunatike or phrensie people.
• * 1.400

  Cobhams Inne••
• * 1.401

  Ealdgate ward
• * 1.402

  Hart horne Alley.
• * 1.403

  Bricklayers hall.
• * 1.404

  Sprinckle Alley.
• * 1.405

  Bilzettars lan••
• * 1.406

  Wall, gate and window of stone, found vnder ground.
• * 1.407

  S. Mary stree••••••
• * 1.408

  Culuar Alley
• * 1.409

  Hart streete.
• * 1.410

  Priorie of the Trinitie of Canons re∣gular.
• * 1.411

  Prior of Christ church an Alderman of London.
• * 1.412

  Priorie of th•• holy Triniti•• surrendred •• surppessed.
• * 1.413

  The Dukes place.
• * 1.414

  Parish church of S. Katherin Christs church
• * 1.415

  Parish church of S. Andrew Vndershaft.
• * 1.416

  A shaft or May pole high¦er then the church steeple
• * 1.417

  Chaucer chance of dice.
• * 1.418

  Shaft or May pole preached against, at Paules crosse.
• * 1.419

  Shaft or May pole sawed in peeces and burnt.
• * 1.420

  Bayliefe of Romford exe∣cuted within Aldegate for words spoken to the priest of the parish.
• * 1.421

  Parish church of S. Andrew Vndershaft new builded.
• * 1.422

  S. Mary streete
• * 1.423

  Pickering house.
• * 1.424

  Fletchers hall
• * 1.425

  Pappey a bro∣therhood or Hospitall for poore priests.
• * 1.426

  The Abbot of Bery his Inne, Beuis Markes.
• * 1.427

  Fenne church street.
• * 1.428

  Iremongers hall.
• * 1.429

  A lane by the wall to the Tower hill.
• * 1.430

  Crossed Friers Church.
• * 1.431

  The Glasse house burned.
• * 1.432

  Almes houses by crossed Fri∣ers.
• * 1.433

  Lord Lum∣leyes house.
• * 1.434

  Prior of Horne church in Essex.
• * 1.435

  Northumber∣land house.
• * 1.436

  The poore Iu∣ry.
• * 1.437

  Parish church of S. Katherin Coleman.
• * 1.438

  Mannor of Blanch Chap∣pleton.
• * 1.439

  Mart lane.
• * 1.440

  Basketmakers at Blanch Chapleton.
• * 1.441

  Lymestreete ward.
• * 1.442

  Lymestreete.
• * 1.443

  High streete of Cornhill.
• * 1.444

  An house in Lymestreete called the kinges Ar¦tirce.
• * 1.445

  Benbriges Inne.
• * 1.446

  Messuage of the Lord Souch.
• * 1.447

  Patent.
• * 1.448

  Messuage cal∣led the Greene gate.
• * 1.449

  philip Malpa•• robbed.
• * 1.450

  Mutas•• house robbed.
• * 1.451

  Leaden Portch.
• * 1.452

  Leaden hall.
• * 1.453

  Licence to take vp leade to the buil∣ding vp of common Granarie.
• * 1.454

  Horsmill in Grassestreete
• * 1.455

  Symon Eyre sometime an vpholster then by changing of his coppie a Draper.
• * 1.456

  Leaden hall now builded to bee a com∣mon garnar.
• * 1.457

  A Chappell builded in Leaden hall.
• * 1.458

  Legacies giuen by Symon Eyre.
• * 1.459

  Dayly seruice by noate &c. and three free schooles in the Leaden hall••
• * 1.460

  Liber albus. Beame for tro¦nage of wools at Leaden hal
• * 1.461

  A brother¦hood of 60. Priestes in the Chapel of Lea¦den hall••
• * 1.462

  Leaden hall burned.
• * 1.463

  Richard Arnold
• * 1.464

  A request of the Citizens to the Maior and Aldermen.
• * 1.465

  Leaden hall market for Canuas and Linnen cloth.
• * 1.466

  Common Beame to be kept in Leaden hall.
• * 1.467

  Leaden hall pertayning •••• the Commi∣naltie.
• * 1.468

  Wools, Fels, and other marchandize to be sold, in Leaden hall.
• * 1.469

  Leaden hall v∣sed as a garna•• Roger Acheley Maior, made good prouisi∣on for the citie
• * 1.470

  Bread carts of Stratford at the Bow.
• * 1.471

  Liber d. A Baker of Stratford pu∣nished in Lon¦don for ba∣king bread vn∣der the Assise.
• * 1.472

  Iohn Mall. Breadcarts frō Stratford misu¦sed in this city in time of scarcity.
• * 1.473

  A petition by the commons concerning the vse of the Leaden hall.
• * 1.474

  Leaden Hall a market place for victulers & the people to stand drie.
• * 1.475

  Leaden hall ment to haue beene made a Bu••se for mar∣chants.
• * 1.476

  A pumpe in the high street of Limestreet warde.
• * 1.477

  Cornehil street in some place raysed 2, fadom higher then of old time, as ap∣peared by buil¦dings founde so deep.
• * 1.478

  S. Mary street.
• * 1.479

  Parish church of Mary S. Vr∣sula, & 11000 vigines called at the Axe, let∣ten out for a warehouse.
• * 1.480

  Parish church of S. Austine in the wall made a chap∣pell to the pa∣pey, and since pulled downe made a stable.
• * 1.481

  Houses by London wall, in the warde of Limestreet.
• * 1.482

  A part of Limestreet ward vniust withheld by Bishopsgate ward.
• * 1.483

  A churchya•• by London wall pertay∣ning to Saint Martins O••••wich in Bi∣shopsgate. Liber fraete••
• * 1.484

  Patent. Oxford place.
• * 1.485

  Subsidie of Limestreet warde in the yeare 1371.
• * 1.486

  Bishopsgate ward.
• * 1.487

  Parish churc•• of S. Buttol•• without Bi∣shopsgate.
• * 1.488

  Petie France neere to the towne ditch••
• * 1.489

  Hospitall o•• Bethelem.
• * 1.490

  Buriall for the dead prepared Deepe ditch by Bethelem.
• * 1.491

  Fishers Folly.
• * 1.492

  Tasell close.
• * 1.493

  Artillarie yard
• * 1.494

  S. Mary Spitt••
• * 1.495

  Pulpit Cros•• at the Spittle.
• * 1.496

  House in S. Marie Spittle churchyarde builded for the Maior and Aldermen. Pulpit Crosse in Spittle church yarde new builded. A house in Spittle church yarde builded for the gouer∣ners and chil∣dren of christs Hospital. Lolesworth fielde. Buriall of the Romaines in Spittle fielde. Olde monu∣mentes of the Romaines found,
• * 1.497

  Troughes of stone found in the Spittle fielde.
• * 1.498

  Great nailes of iron found in the field & fond opinions of men.
• * 1.499

  Clarkes hall and their Almes houses in, Bishopsgate streete.
• * 1.500

  Parish church of S. Ethol∣burge.
• * 1.501

  prio••y of S. Hellens, and Almesehouses
• * 1.502

  Parish church of S. Hellen.
• * 1.503

  Le••thersellers hall.
• * 1.504

  Of Crosbies place and of Sir Iohn Crosbie.
• * 1.505

  Water condu∣ite at Bishops∣gate.
• * 1.506

  Sir Thomas Greshams house builded.
• * 1.507

  S. Andrew Iud his almes•• houses.
• * 1.508

  Brodestreete warde.
• * 1.509

  Three needl•• street.
• * 1.510

  Parish church of Alhallowe•• in the wall.
• * 1.511

  Carpenters hall.
• * 1.512

  Curryers row••
• * 1.513

  Lane stopped vppe.
• * 1.514

  Sir William Powlet L. Treasurer his house. Brodestreet.
• * 1.515

  Sir Thomas Greshams alm••s houses
• * 1.516

  Frier Augu∣••tines Church, part whereof is the Dutch church.
• * 1.517

  Throgmorton street.
• * 1.518

  T. Cromwell his house.
• * 1.519

  The Drapers hall.
• * 1.520

  The Drapers armes.
• * 1.521

  Lethbury, or Lothbury.
• * 1.522

  Bartholemew lane.
• * 1.523

  Abbot of S. Albones his Inne.
• * 1.524

  Free schoole at S. Antho∣nies Hospitall Three needle streete.
• * 1.525

  S. Martins O∣toswich a pa∣rish church.
• * 1.526

  Taylers and linnen armo∣rers their alms houses.
• * 1.527

  Taylors and linnen armo∣rers hall.
• * 1.528

  Antiquity of the Taylors feast by au∣thority.
• * 1.529

  A pilgrim to trauaile for the Taylers now called maister pur∣ueyers of alms now called Wardens.
• * 1.530

  Taylers pur∣chase their hal.
• * 1.531

  Taylers hall.
• * 1.532

  The marchant Taylors armes••
• * 1.533

  Taylers & lin∣nen armorers incorporate marchant Taylors.
• * 1.534

  Finke lane••
• * 1.535

  Parish Church of S. Bennet Finke.
• * 1.536

  Hospitall of S. Anthony sometime a Sinagogue of the Iewes.
• * 1.537

  Patent record.
• * 1.538

  King Henry the sixt his gift to S. An∣thonies Hos∣pitall.
• * 1.539

  Iohn Tate his gift to S. An∣thonies Hospi¦tall.
• * 1.540

  Free Schoole and Almose¦houses.
• * 1.541

  Almes men put from their houses at S. Anthonies Hospitall
• * 1.542

  Free schoole of S. Anthonies decayed•• parish church of S. Bartilmew
• * 1.543

  parish church of S. Christo∣pher.
• * 1.544

  Scalding house or Scalg••••d wicke.
• * 1.545

  Cornhill ward
• * 1.546

  Fleshmarket at Leadenhal and alteration of prices in a short time.
• * 1.547

  Standarde of Thames wa∣ter by Leaden hall.
• * 1.548

  The highest ground of the Citie of Lon∣don.
• * 1.549

  The Tunne vpon Cornhill a prison house
• * 1.550

  A fayre well vpon Cornhil.
• * 1.551

  Conduite vpō Cornhill.
• * 1.552

  Cage, stockes and pilloriev∣pon Cornhill.
• * 1.553

  Conduite vpō Cornhil enlar∣ged.
• * 1.554

  The way house or kinges Beame vpon Cornhil.
• * 1.555

  Sir Thomas Louell his gift to the Grocers.
• * 1.556

  The Burse v∣pon Cornhill, or the Royall Exchange.
• * 1.557

  Swan Alley.
• * 1.558

  New Alley.
• * 1.559

  S. Christophers Alley.
• * 1.560

  Eighty houses displaced for building of the Burse.
• * 1.561

  The Citie charged with buildinges of the Burse.
• * 1.562

  Queene Eli∣zabeth cam to the Burse.
• * 1.563

  The Burse called the Roy¦all Exchange.
• * 1.564

  The cause of stone houses builded in London.
• * 1.565

  Parish Church of S. Peter vpō Cornhil.
• * 1.566

  Library of S. Peters vpon Cornhill now a Grammar schoole.
• * 1.567

  Iohn Leyland.
• * 1.568

  Grammar schooles••com∣manded by Parliament.
• * 1.569

  Parrish church of S•• Michaell.
• * 1.570

  Iohn Tolus his gift.
• * 1.571

  Pulpet crosse in S. Michael church yarde.
• * 1.572

  Burcheouers lane.
• * 1.573

  Vpholders sel∣lers of olde stuffe in Cornhill.
• * 1.574

  Popes head Tauerne in Cornehil.
• * 1.575

  Wine one pint for a pen∣nie, & bread to drinke it was giuē free in euery Tauerne.
• * 1.576

  The kings house in Cornehill.
• * 1.577

  Arms of Eng∣land suppor∣ted by Angels.
• * 1.578

  Hubert de Burgho Earle of Kent sent to Cornehill.
• * 1.579

  The Cardinals hatte Tauerne••
• * 1.580

  Langborne warde, and sennie about.
• * 1.581

  Shareborne or southborne lane.
• * 1.582

  Culuer alley. Lane stopped vppe.
• * 1.583

  Fan church street.
• * 1.584

  Parish church of S. Mary & S. Gabriel.
• * 1.585

  Lombard streete.
• * 1.586

  Limestreet.
• * 1.587

  Pewterers hall
• * 1.588

  Parish church of S. Diones.
• * 1.589

  Parish church of Alhallowes in Lombard∣street.
• * 1.590

  L. Trinitate.
• * 1.591

  Parish church of S. Edmond in Lombard street.
• * 1.592

  Philpot lane.
• * 1.593

  S. Clements lane.
• * 1.594

  Parish church of Alhallowes Stane church. Cradocks lane.
• * 1.595

  Parish church of S. Nicholas Hacon.
• * 1.596

  Parish church of S. Mary Wolnoth.
• * 1.597

  Langborne ward dischar∣ged of fifteens
• * 1.598

  Billinsgate warde.
• * 1.599

  Smartes key.
• * 1.600

  Billinsgate.
• * 1.601

  Customes of Billinsgate.
• * 1.602

  Sommars Key.
• * 1.603

  Lyon Key,
• * 1.604

  Buttolphés wharfe.
• * 1.605

  Parish church of S. Buttolph,
• * 1.606

  Billinsgate warde, Dow••¦gate warde, and Aldgate warde dischar∣ged of all fifteenes.
• * 1.607

  The number of strangers.
• * 1.608

  Bosses alley and the Bosse of Billinsgate.
• * 1.609

  S. Mary hil lane
• * 1.610

  Parish church of S. Mary hil.
• * 1.611

  Alice Hackney found vncor∣rupted more then 170. yeres after shee was buried.
• * 1.612

  S. Margaret Patents la••••
• * 1.613

  Parish chur•••• of S. Marga•• pattentes.
• * 1.614

  Rope lane o•••• Lucas lane.
• * 1.615

  Parish churc•• of S. Andrew•• Hubbert.
• * 1.616

  Buttolph lan••
• * 1.617

  Parish church of S. George.
• * 1.618

  Rother lane or Red rose lane.
• * 1.619

  Bridgeward within.
• * 1.620

  Bridge stree•• or new Fish∣streete.
• * 1.621

  Water Con∣duire in Grassestreete.
• * 1.622

  Parish church of S. Magnus.
• * 1.623

  Parish church of S. Margaret vpon Fish∣streete.
• * 1.624

  parish church of S. Leonard milke church.
• * 1.625

  Garish church ••f S. Bennet. ••rasse church, Customes of Grasse streete market.
• * 1.626

  Thames streete.
• * 1.627

  Stockfish∣monger row. Ebgate lane.
• * 1.628

  Fishmongers hall.
• * 1.629

  Stockfish∣mongers an•• salt Fishmon∣gers vnited.
• * 1.630

  Fishmongers had sixe seue∣rall halles.
• * 1.631

  Drinkewater wharfe and fish wharfe,
• * 1.632

  Crooked lane
• * 1.633

  Edward the black prince.
• * 1.634

  Candlewicke street of Can∣dlewiright street ward.
• * 1.635

  Great East∣cheape.
• * 1.636

  Eastcheape a Cookes row.
• * 1.637

  The kings sons beaten in Eastcheape, there was no t••u••rne then in Eastcheape.
• * 1.638

  In west cheap linnen cloth sold but no silkes spoken of.
• * 1.639

  Fripparia. Vpholders vpon Corne∣hill, sellers of old apparel & houshold stuff Eastcheape.
• * 1.640

  Candlewright or Candle∣wike street, wike is a wir∣king place.
• * 1.641

  Weauers in Candlewike street.
• * 1.642

  Weauers brought out of Flanders and Brabant.
• * 1.643

  S. Clements lane parish church of S. Clement in west Cheape.
• * 1.644

  Abchurch lane.
• * 1.645

  Parish church of S. Mary Abchurch.
• * 1.646

  S. Nicholas lane.
• * 1.647

  Crooked lane.
• * 1.648

  Leaden portch in Crooked lane.
• * 1.649

  Parish church of S. Michael in Crooked lane.
• * 1.650

  Praise of Wil∣iam Wal∣worth for his manhood in aresting of Wat Tylar.
• * 1.651

  The Mayor was well ar∣med, and had on his head a Basonet.
• * 1.652

  Mayor made knight and otherwise re∣warded.
• * 1.653

  Order of ma∣king a knight for seruice in the field.
• * 1.654

  Aldermen knighted. Colledge soū∣ded.
• * 1.655

  S. Michaels Crooked lane.
• * 1.656

  Monument of Sir W. Wal∣worth defaced and since fal∣sified, and so remayneth.
• * 1.657

  Dunt••orne.
• * 1.658

  Old seale of the Mayoralty broken, and a new seale made.
• * 1.659

  The armes of this cittie were not altered, but remaine as afore.
• * 1.660

  Colledge house in croo∣ked lane.
• * 1.661

  Houses in Crooked lane blowne vp with gunpow∣der.
• * 1.662

  S. Martins Or∣gorlane, and parish church.
• * 1.663

  Parish church of S. Martin Orgar.
• * 1.664

  Parish church of S. Laurence Poultney made a Col∣ledge.
• * 1.665

  Walbrooke warde.
• * 1.666

  Parish church of S. Swithen.
• * 1.667

  Prior of Tor∣tington his Inne.
• * 1.668

  Oxford place by London stone.
• * 1.669

  Empson and Dudley.
• * 1.670

  London stone.
• * 1.671

  Liber Trinitate Antiquity of London stone.
• * 1.672

  VValbrooke streete.
• * 1.673

  Stockes mar∣ket.
• * 1.674

  The middest of the Citie.
• * 1.675

  Robert Fabian.
• * 1.676

  parish church of S. Mary Wool church
• * 1.677

  Tronage or weighing of wooll caused the church to bee named Wool church haw.
• * 1.678

  Berebinder lane
• * 1.679

  Parishe church of S. Stephen by Walbrook.
• * 1.680

  Buckles bery,
• * 1.681

  Horshew bridge.
• * 1.682

  Parish church of S. Mary Bothaw.
• * 1.683

  The Erbar.
• * 1.684

  Downgate warde.
• * 1.685

  Conduite v∣pon Down∣gate.
• * 1.686

  A lad of 18. yeares olde drowned in the chennell••
• * 1.687

  Copped hall now Skinners hall.
• * 1.688

  Ihesus Com∣mons.
• * 1.689

  Elbow lane.
• * 1.690

  william de pont arch his house.
• * 1.691

  Inholders hall.
• * 1.692

  The Erber S. Mary Both∣haw.
• * 1.693

  Greenewitch lane or Fryar lane.
• * 1.694

  Ioynars hall
• * 1.695

  Cosin lane.
• * 1.696

  A gin to con∣uey Thames water to Dow•••• gate Conduit.
• * 1.697

  Steleyarde for Marchātes of Almaine.
• * 1.698

  Gil••ala Theutonicorū.
• * 1.699

  Marchants of the Haunce of Almaine licē∣sed to lay vp their corne in garners, but to sell it within 40. daies after.
• * 1.700

  Act of Parlia∣ment for corn brought from beyond seat.
• * 1.701

  Windgoose lane.
• * 1.702

  Pattent.
• * 1.703

  Stilyard put downe.
• * 1.704

  Church lane.
• * 1.705

  Parish church of Alhallowes the more.
• * 1.706

  Hey wharfe lane.
• * 1.707

  Welsey lane.
• * 1.708

  Parish church of Alhallowes the lesse.
• * 1.709

  Cold Har∣brough.
• * 1.710

  The Diers hall.
• * 1.711

  Bush lane.
• * 1.712

  Suffolke lane.
• * 1.713

  Marchantay∣lors schoole.
• * 1.714

  The mannar of the Rose.
• * 1.715

  S. Laurence lane.
• * 1.716

  Poultney lane.
• * 1.717

  Wards on the West of Wal∣brooke•• and first of Vintry warde.
• * 1.718

  Euery man li∣ued by his se∣uerall profes∣sed trade.
• * 1.719

  Horshew¦bridge street.
• * 1.720

  Knightriders street.
• * 1.721

  Kerion lane.
• * 1.722

  Harber lane, or Brikels lane Simpsons lane
• * 1.723

  Painted Ta∣uerne, or three Cranes lane.
• * 1.724

  The Vintrie•• Record
• * 1.725

  Vanner lane or church lane••
• * 1.726

  Brode lane.
• * 1.727

  parish clearks hall.
• * 1.728

  Spittle lane or Stodres lane.
• * 1.729

  The Vintners hall.
• * 1.730

  Almes houses of the Vint∣ners.
• * 1.731

  Burdeaux Merchants Gascoin wine 4. pence the gallon.
• * 1.732

  The kings sons supped in the Vintrie••
• * 1.733

  H. Scogan.
• * 1.734

  Chaucer, fol.•• 334. & 335.
• * 1.735

  Wine tunners incorporated the 15. of H. the sixt.
• * 1.736

  The Vintoners one of the 12. principall companies The readiest to speake not alwaies the wisest men.
• * 1.737

  Palmers lane or anchor lane plummers hal.
• * 1.738

  Worster house.
• * 1.739

  Olde Swanne
• * 1.740

  pater noster lane.
• * 1.741

  Parish church of S. Michaels pater noster a Colledge one Almesehouse or Hospitall.
• * 1.742

  Richarde whi∣tington thrise buried.
• * 1.743

  Tower Royall builded about Henry the I. as may be sup∣posed.
• * 1.744

  Frosarde.
• * 1.745

  The Lady Princes lod∣ged in the Tower Royal.
• * 1.746

  King Richard lodged in the Tower Royall
• * 1.747

  Cutlars hall.
• * 1.748

  Bladers or BladeSmithes
• * 1.749

  Haftemakers.
• * 1.750

  Shethmakers.
• * 1.751

  Knightridar streete.
• * 1.752

  Parish church of S. Thomas the Apostle.
• * 1.753

  Wringwren lane.
• * 1.754

  Ipris Inne.
• * 1.755

  King•• Stephen lodgee in the Tower Royall.
• * 1.756

  Kenington besides Lamb hith.
• * 1.757

  Ormond place.
• * 1.758

  Kerion lane.
• * 1.759

  Glasiars hall
• * 1.760

  parish church of S. Martin in Vintry.
• * 1.761

  Gisors hall corruptly cal∣led Sopars hal
• * 1.762

  Epitaph
• * 1.763

  parish Church of S. Iames Garlycke hith.
• * 1.764

  Cordwainer streete warde••
• * 1.765

  Budge Kow.
• * 1.766

  Watchling streete.
• * 1.767

  Turnebase lane.
• * 1.768

  Cordwainer streete.
• * 1.769

  Hosiar lane in Cordwai∣ner streete.
• * 1.770

  Bassing lane.
• * 1.771

  S. Sythes lane
• * 1.772

  Nedelers lane.
• * 1.773

  Sopars lane.
• * 1.774

  Goose lane.
• * 1.775

  Parish church of S. Antho∣nine.
• * 1.776

  Epitaph of Tho. Knowles
• * 1.777

  Simon Streete his Epitaph.
• * 1.778

  Parish church of Aldmary.
• * 1.779

  Richard Chau¦cer father to Geffrey Chaucer the poet, as may be sup∣posed.
• * 1.780

  Parish church of S. Mary Bowe.
• * 1.781

  Roofe of Bow church ouer∣turned by tempest.
• * 1.782

  Bow ste••ple fortified with munitions.
• * 1.783

  A false accuser of his elder brother in the end was han∣ged: God a∣mend or shortly send such an end to such false brethren.
• * 1.784

  Bow Steeple fell downe,
• * 1.785

  Laurence Ducket han••ged in Bow steeple.
• * 1.786

  Bow Church interdicted.
• * 1.787

  Bow bell to be rong night¦ly at nine of the clocke.
• * 1.788

  Bowe or Ar∣ches on Bow steeple.
• * 1.789

  Grammer schoole in Bow church∣yarde.
• * 1.790

  A shed or standing for the king cal∣led crowne silde.
• * 1.791

  Iusting in west Cheape.
• * 1.792

  Croundsilde.
• * 1.793

  K. Henry the eight came in the likenesse of a yoman of his guard, to the kings head in Cheap
• * 1.794

  Cheape ward.
• * 1.795

  Buckles bury of one Buckle.
• * 1.796

  Barges towed vp Walbrook vnto Buckles berie.
• * 1.797

  Seruice Tower by Walbrook
• * 1.798

  Penerich streete.
• * 1.799

  Parish church of S. Syth or Bennit shrog.
• * 1.800

  Needelars lane
• * 1.801

  Parish church of S. pancrate Iustices char∣ged to punish such assel be••s from their churches Eli∣zabeth 14.
• * 1.802

  Pepperars in Sopars lane.
• * 1.803

  The Poultrie.
• * 1.804

  The great Conduite in Cheape.
• * 1.805

  parish church of S. Mildred
• * 1.806

  Compter in the poultrie.
• * 1.807

  Chappell of Corpus Christi.
• * 1.808

  Cony hope lane.
• * 1.809

  Grocers hall.
• * 1.810

  Grocers hall first purchased and then buil¦ded by the Grocers.
• * 1.811

  Seauen Almes∣houses by the Grocers hall.
• * 1.812

  Parish church of S. Mary Colechurch.
• * 1.813

  Hospitall of S. Thomas of Acars.
• * 1.814

  Mercers Chap¦pell and hall.
• * 1.815

  A free schole in the Hospi∣tall of S. Tho¦mas Acon.
• * 1.816

  Mercers hall.
• * 1.817

  Ironmongers lane.
• * 1.818

  S. Martins Pomery in Ironmonger lane.
• * 1.819

  S. Lawrence lane.
• * 1.820

  S. Lawrence lane.
• * 1.821

  Blossoms Inne
• * 1.822

  Hony lane.
• * 1.823

  Parish churc•• of Alhallowes Hony lane.
• * 1.824

  Standarde in Cheape.
• * 1.825

  Men executed in west Cheap
• * 1.826

  Ca••streete.
• * 1.827

  The Guilde hall and courts kept. ••••ber Flit wed
• * 1.828

  Verses made on the images ouer the Guild hall gate.
• * 1.829

  Names of i∣mages.
• * 1.830

  Kitchens by the Guildhall builded.
• * 1.831

  Chappell or Colledge at Guildhal.
• * 1.832

  Chappell or Colledge at Guildhal new builded.
• * 1.833

  Iohn Wels a principall benefactor to Guildhall colledge.
• * 1.834

  Librarie at Guildhal.
• * 1.835

  Parish church of S. Laurence in the Iury.
• * 1.836

  The Iewes ba∣nished Eng∣land, the num∣ber of them. The tooth of some mon∣strous fish, as I take it.
• * 1.837

  A shank bone of 25. inches long, of a man as is said, but might be of an Oliphant,
• * 1.838

  Lothbery.
• * 1.839

  The Iewes Si∣nagogue.
• * 1.840

  Fratres de sacca or de pe∣nitentia.
• * 1.841

  Colechurch street or Old Iurie.
• * 1.842

  Robert Fitz∣walter his house.
• * 1.843

  The Wind∣mill Tauerne in the old Iurie.
• * 1.844

  Parish church of S. Olaue in the Iury.
• * 1.845

  Kings pallace in the Old Iury.
• * 1.846

  Parish church of S. Mar∣garet in Loth∣burie.
• * 1.847

  Conduit in Lothbery.
• * 1.848

  The Founders Hall.
• * 1.849

  The Bay hall.
• * 1.850

  Armorers hal.
• * 1.851

  Kinges Alley.
• * 1.852

  Loue lane.
• * 1.853

  Parish church of S. Stephen.
• * 1.854

  Cocke of water by the Church.
• * 1.855

  Coduite at London wal.
• * 1.856

  Bassinges hall warde.
• * 1.857

  Masons hall.
• * 1.858

  Weuars hall.
• * 1.859

  Patent of H. 2.
• * 1.860

  Henry the 1.
• * 1.861

  Patent
• * 1.862

  Mathew Paris.
• * 1.863

  Girdlars hall.
• * 1.864

  Bakewell hall.
• * 1.865

  Bassinges hall.
• * 1.866

  Armes of the Bassinges
• * 1.867

  How Bassings hall warde tooke that name:
• * 1.868

  Sallomon Bassing and other of that name.
• * 1.869

  Bassing borne
• * 1.870

  Bakewel hall giuen to the Citie.
• * 1.871

  Bakewell hal a market place for wollen clothes.
• * 1.872

  Bakewell hall new builded.
• * 1.873

  Coopers hall, Parish church of S. Michael.
• * 1.874

  Criplegate Warde.
• * 1.875

  A pumpe at the corner of Aldermanbury streete.
• * 1.876

  Liber Osney. Aldermanbery court or Guild hal by Alder∣manbury church.
• * 1.877

  Parish church of S. Mary Al∣dermanbury.
• * 1.878

  Shanke bone of a man 28•• inches and a halfe long.
• * 1.879

  Reyne Wolfe a graue anti∣quarie, collec∣ted the great Chronicles increased, and published by his executors.
• * 1.880

  Conduit in Alderman∣burie.
• * 1.881

  Gay spur lane.
• * 1.882

  Priorie or Ho∣spitall called Elsing Spittle.
• * 1.883

  Charterhouse churchyard without Al∣dersgat, & one othet the like without Ald∣gate.
• * 1.884

  Parish church of S. Alphage
• * 1.885

  Elsing Spittle burned.
• * 1.886

  Gregory Rokesley Mai∣or of London his house rent xx.shillings the yeare. Parish church of S Mary Magdalen.
• * 1.887

  Woodstreet.
• * 1.888

  Iames the fift king of Scots his head buri∣ed in S. Micha∣els church in Woodstreet.
• * 1.889

  Black hall in Woodstreet in S. Michaels parish.
• * 1.890

  Ingene lane or Mayden lane.
• * 1.891

  Waxchand∣lers hall.
• * 1.892

  Haberdashers hall.
• * 1.893

  Siluerstreet.
• * 1.894

  Monkes well street.
• * 1.895

  Boyers hall.
• * 1.896

  Almes houses in Monks well streetes.
• * 1.897

  Almes cham∣bers in little Woodstreet.
• * 1.898

  Parish church of S. Alphage without Cri∣plesgate.
• * 1.899

  Brotherhood in S. Giles Church.
• * 1.900

  Water Con∣duit without Criplesgate.
• * 1.901

  Bosse in the wall of S. Giles church∣yard.
• * 1.902

  Poole of spring water.
• * 1.903

  VVhite crosse street.
• * 1.904

  Hospitall of the French order.
• * 1.905

  Red Crosse streete. Libar S. Bu∣tolphe.
• * 1.906

  The Iewes Gardaine, or place to bury their dead.
• * 1.907

  Beech Lane.
• * 1.908

  The Abbot of Ramsey his Inne.
• * 1.909

  Almes houses in Beech lane.
• * 1.910

  Golding Lane Almes houses there.
• * 1.911

  Burgh Ke∣ning or Bar∣bican.
• * 1.912

  Garterhouse
• * 1.913

  Aldersgate Ward.
• * 1.914

  Oateland.
• * 1.915

  Shelleyes house, now Bacon house.
• * 1.916

  S. Martins Lane.
• * 1.917

  Aldersgate streete.
• * 1.918

  Staining Lane Almes houses there.
• * 1.919

  Parish Church of Saint Mary Staining.
• * 1.920

  Parish Church of Saint Iohn Sachary.
• * 1.921

  The Gold∣smiths Hall.
• * 1.922

  R. Grasion.
• * 1.923

  The first Ma∣ior of London was a Gold∣smith.
• * 1.924

  Principall men of the Citie Gold∣smithes.
• * 1.925

  Parish Church of Saint Olaue in Siluer streete.
• * 1.926

  Parish church of S. Leonard in Foster lane.
• * 1.927

  Pope Lane. Parish church of S. Anne in the Willowes.
• * 1.928

  Colledge of S. Martin le graunde.
• * 1.929

  Northumber∣land house, or Queene Ianes Wardrobe.
• * 1.930

  Cookes Hall.
• * 1.931

  Britton street.
• * 1.932

  Parish Church of S. But••olphe
• * 1.933

  Faringdon Warde with∣in.
• * 1.934

  Farindon ex∣tra, & Faring∣don infra, all one Warde, and then diui∣ded into twain by Parliament How Faring∣don Warde, tooke that name of Wil∣liam Farin∣don.
• * 1.935

  Sir Ralphe Ar∣derne Knight, Alderman of that Warde, now called Faringdon, in the raigne of Hen. the third. Anketinus de Auerne, Al∣derman. Ralphe le Feure Alder∣man.
• * 1.936

  Iohn le Feure, Alderman.
• * 1.937

  William Fa∣rendon Al∣derman.
• * 1.938

  Nicholas Fa∣rendon Alder∣man.
• * 1.939

  Nicholas Fa∣rendon liued 53. yeares af∣ter hee had beene once Maior.
• * 1.940

  Amen Lane.
• * 1.941

  Paniar Alley.
• * 1.942

  Iue Lane.
• * 1.943

  Bladder stree••
• * 1.944

  Mountgodard streete.
• * 1.945

  Crosse in Cheape buil∣ded.
• * 1.946

  Crosse in Cheape new builded.
• * 1.947

  Corsse in Cheape in∣dighted, the Images bro∣ken.
• * 1.948

  Thames wa∣ter conueyed to the Crosse in Cheape.
• * 1.949

  Parish Church of Saint Peter in Cheape.
• * 1.950

  Long shop or shead by the Crosse in Cheape.
• * 1.951

  Guthuruns Lane.
• * 1.952

  Imbrotherers Hall.
• * 1.953

  Hugonlane.
• * 1.954

  Kery lane.
• * 1.955

  Sadlers hall.
• * 1.956

  Fauster lane.
• * 1.957

  Parish Church of S. Fauster.
• * 1.958

  Neuels Inne or the Lord Winsors house.
• * 1.959

  Monkes well stréete.
• * 1.960

  Barber Chy∣rurgians hall.
• * 1.961

  Hermitage of S. Iames in the Wall.
• * 1.962

  Penticost lane the Butchers Hall.
• * 1.963

  Butchers hall
• * 1.964

  Parish Church of S. Nicholas.
• * 1.965

  Stinking lane, or Chick lane
• * 1.966

  Graye Fryers Church.
• * 1.967

  New Church of the gray Fryers.
• * 1.968

  Liberarie of the gray ••ryers.
• * 1.969

  Length and bredth of Gray Friers Church.
• * 1.970

  Gray Freyers Church made a Parish Church.
• * 1.971

  Christr Hos∣pitall.
• * 1.972

  Monuments in Christs Church.
• * 1.973

  Parish church of S. Matthew in Friday streete.
• * 1.974

  Old Exchāge.
• * 1.975

  Parish church of S. Augu∣stine.
• * 1.976

  Cathedrall Curch of S. Paul.
• * 1.977

  Saint Paules church brent.
• * 1.978

  Foundation of the newe Church of S. Paul builded, stone brought from Cane in Normandie.
• * 1.979

  The comm•••• bell in Paule: church yard rung, for the calling togi∣ther of the Citizens to their folke∣motes.
• * 1.980

  Powles stee∣ple.
• * 1.981

  The newe woorke of Powles.
• * 1.982

  Powles stee∣ple fiered by lightning.
• * 1.983

  Pauls steeple repaired.
• * 1.984

  Another cock of Pauls steeple.
• * 1.985

  Height of the steeple.
• * 1.986

  Length of Pauls Church.
• * 1.987

  Gouernor•• of this Church.
• * 1.988

  Petie Can∣nons of Pauls.
• * 1.989

  Great Cloy∣stry of Pauls.
• * 1.990

  Daunce of Pauls.
• * 1.991

  Librarie of Pauls.
• * 1.992

  Chapell in Pardon church-yard.
• * 1.993

  Chappell at the North dore of Pauls.
• * 1.994

  Holmes Col∣ledge.
• * 1.995

  Parish Chrch of Saint Faith.
• * 1.996

  Charnel house with a Chapel.
• * 1.997

  Reign-Wolfe.
• * 1.998

  Powles schoole.
• * 1.999

  Clochiard in Powles church yard.
• * 1.1000

  Common bell of the Citie.
• * 1.1001

  Pulpit Crosse in Pauls Church yard.
• * 1.1002

  Pauls steeple and Church brent.
• * 1.1003

  Spéedie repai∣ring of Paules Church.
• * 1.1004

  Beneuolence.
• * 1.1005

  The Queenes gift.
• * 1.1006

  Monuments in Powles church.
• * 1.1007

  The cause of monuments of the dead cross-legged.
• * 1.1008

  Scalpes of ox∣en found in diging of a foundation.
• * 1.1009

  A Bucks head borne before the procession at Powls.
• * 1.1010

  Pater Noster Rowe.
• * 1.1011

  Pater Noster makers.
• * 1.1012

  Aue Mary Lane.
• * 1.1013

  Creed Lane.
• * 1.1014

  Amen Lane.
• * 1.1015

  Duke of Bri∣taines house, since Pem∣brookes Inne, now Burgaue∣ny house.
• * 1.1016

  Bowier Rowe.
• * 1.1017

  Parish church of S. Martin by Ludgate.
• * 1.1018

  The Blacke-Fryers.
• * 1.1019

  Maior and Ba∣rons of this Citie.
• * 1.1020

  Parliament at the Blacke-Fryers called the blacke Parliament.
• * 1.1021

  Parish church of S. Anne new builded in the Blacke Fryers.
• * 1.1022

  Corne market by Pater No∣ster Rowe.
• * 1.1023

  Parish church of S. Michaell Ad Bladu••••.
• * 1.1024

  Old Crosse in west cheape.
• * 1.1025

  Roger North.
• * 1.1026

  Water conduit by Pauls gate.
• * 1.1027

  Passagethrog•• S. Michels Church. Panier Ally.
• * 1.1028

  Iuie Lane.
• * 1.1029

  Louels Inne.
• * 1.1030

  Eldeneselane, or Warwicke Lane.
• * 1.1031

  Warwickes Inne.
• * 1.1032

  Bladder street
• * 1.1033

  Mountgodard streete.
• * 1.1034

  Newgate mar∣ket.
• * 1.1035

  Parish Church of S. Ewin.
• * 1.1036

  Bredstreete Warde.
• * 1.1037

  Bredstreete.
• * 1.1038

  Friday streete.
• * 1.1039

  The Gold∣smithes rowe in Cheape.
• * 1.1040

  Watheling streete.
• * 1.1041

  Knightriders Streete.
• * 1.1042

  Fishmarket called olde Fishstreete.
• * 1.1043

  Bredstreete.
• * 1.1044

  Parish church of Alhallowes in Bredstreet.
• * 1.1045

  Speare of Al∣hallowes stee∣ple taken downe.
• * 1.1046

  Salters Hall.
• * 1.1047

  Parish church of S. Mildred in Bredstreet.
• * 1.1048

  Parson of S. Mildred and his man bur∣ned.
• * 1.1049

  Basing Lane called the Bakehouse.
• * 1.1050

  A Pole of 40. foote long, and ••5. inches about, fabuled to be the iu∣sting staffe of Gerarde a Gi∣ant.
• * 1.1051

  R.G. A stone said to be a toothe, and so by con∣iecture, a man to be 28. foote of height.
• * 1.1052

  Gisors Hall restored to his old name.
• * 1.1053

  Gerards Hall ouerthrowne with Gerard the Giant, and his great spea••.
• * 1.1054

  Euery mans house of olde time was dec∣ked with holly and Iuie in the winter, especi∣ally at Christ∣mas.
• * 1.1055

  Coumpter in Bredstreete.
• * 1.1056

  Prisoners re∣moued from the Coumpter in Bredstreete to a new coumter in Woodstreete. Keeper of the counter sēt to Newgate.
• * 1.1057

  Quest of in∣quirie indight the keepers of the gayles for dealing hard∣ly with their prisoners.
• * 1.1058

  They indigh∣ted the bow∣ling Allies, &c.
• * 1.1059

  Friday streete.
• * 1.1060

  Parish church of S. Iohn Euangelist.
• * 1.1061

  Parish church of S. Margaret Moyses.
• * 1.1062

  Maiden Lane or Distarlane.
• * 1.1063

  Cordwayners Hall.
• * 1.1064

  Queen Hithe Warde.
• * 1.1065

  Knightriders streete.
• * 1.1066

  Trinitie Lane.
• * 1.1067

  Spuren Lanes, or Huggēlane.
• * 1.1068

  Finimore or fiue foot lane.
• * 1.1069

  Desborne lane
• * 1.1070

  Lambert hil.
• * 1.1071

  Parish church of the Trinity.
• * 1.1072

  Parish church of S. Nicholas Colde Abey.
• * 1.1073

  Water condit.
• * 1.1074

  Painter stai∣ners Hall.
• * 1.1075

  Earle of Corn∣well his house.
• * 1.1076

  Parish church of S. Nicholas Oliue.
• * 1.1077

  Old Fishsteet hill.
• * 1.1078

  Bishop of Here¦fords house.
• * 1.1079

  Parish Church of Saint Mary Monte Alto.
• * 1.1080

  Robert Belke∣nape his house giuen to Wil. Wickam.
• * 1.1081

  One old Hall of the fish∣mongers. Fishmongers Hallmotes, six in number.
• * 1.1082

  Pattents.
• * 1.1083

  Lambard Hill.
• * 1.1084

  Blacksmithes.
• * 1.1085

  Parish Church of S. Michael at Queene Hithe.
• * 1.1086

  Piellane.
• * 1.1087

  Parish church of Saint Mary Summerset.
• * 1.1088

  Sūmers Hithe.
• * 1.1089

  Parish church of S. Peter Par∣ua by Powles Wharffe.
• * 1.1090

  Townes end lane.
• * 1.1091

  Edreds Hithe or Quene Hithe. ••iber trinitate
• * 1.1092

  Record.
• * 1.1093

  Ships of the ports arested and forced to bring their corne to Queen Hithe.
• * 1.1094

  Liberty of the Queenes Hithe frō the Stilyard to the Black-Fryers. Soke is court.
• * 1.1095

  Queen Hithe let to farme to the Maior and Communaltie of London.
• * 1.1096

  Liber trini∣t••te, Lon.
• * 1.1097

  Robert Fabi∣an.
• * 1.1098

  Liber consti∣tution.
• * 1.1099

  Custome of Queen Hithe.
• * 1.1100

  A corne Mea∣ter, 8. M. Por∣ters, and 24. Porters vnder them, at queen Hithe.
• * 1.1101

  Liber Guild.
• * 1.1102

  Romeland at Queen Hithe.
• * 1.1103

  Queen Hithe to be more frequented of Ships & botes then Billings gate.
• * 1.1104

  A garner for corne at Queen Hithe. A garnar for corne, and a store house for meale at Queene Hithe Stewe lane. Timber Hithe.
• * 1.1105

  Brookes Wharffe. Broken wharffe.
• * 1.1106

  By Gods house by bro∣ken wharffe.
• * 1.1107

  An engine for inforcing of thames water.
• * 1.1108

  Trigge lane.
• * 1.1109

  Bosse lane.
• * 1.1110

  Castle Bay∣nard warde.
• * 1.1111

  Adlestreete.
• * 1.1112

  Do litle lane.
• * 1.1113

  Bewmounts Inne.
• * 1.1114

  Paules wharfe
• * 1.1115

  Scrupes Inne.
• * 1.1116

  Burley House
• * 1.1117

  Baynardes Castle.
• * 1.1118

  Legates Inne.
• * 1.1119

  Puddle wharfe
• * 1.1120

  Pryor of Oke∣bornes house.
• * 1.1121

  A Mill or Mi••s by Baynards Castle.
• * 1.1122

  Soke Court or Warde per∣taining to Ri∣chard Fitzwa∣ter.
• * 1.1123

  Mill by Bay∣nards Castle, destroyed.
• * 1.1124

  Parish Church of Saint Benet hard by Pauls Wharfe.
• * 1.1125

  Barklies Inne.
• * 1.1126

  Parish Church of Andrew in the Wardrobe The Kinges great Ward∣roabe.
• * 1.1127

  Peter Hill Lane.
• * 1.1128

  Almes houses for 6. poore Widowes.
• * 1.1129

  Peters Key.
• * 1.1130

  Paules wharfe Hill.
• * 1.1131

  Woodmon∣gers Hall.
• * 1.1132

  Powles Brew∣house.
• * 1.1133

  Doctors Com∣mons.
• * 1.1134

  Powles Bake∣house.
• * 1.1135

  Adlestreete.
• * 1.1136

  Lambart hill
• * 1.1137

  Black Smithes Hall,
• * 1.1138

  Church yard of S. Mary Magdalen.
• * 1.1139

  Parish church of S. Mary Magdalen.
• * 1.1140

  Coduit of Thames water.
• * 1.1141

  Do little Lane.
• * 1.1142

  Sermon Lane. or Sheremo∣niers Lane.
• * 1.1143

  Colledge of Phisitians.
• * 1.1144

  Lecture in Chirurgery to be read.
• * 1.1145

  West Gates of Powles Church.
• * 1.1146

  Gates of Pauls church, blown open.
• * 1.1147

  For Lowlards Tower, Reade M. Foxe.
• * 1.1148

  Peter Burchet
• * 1.1149

  Parish Church of S. Gregory.
• * 1.1150

  The Bishops Pallace.
• * 1.1151

  The Sta••io∣nars Hall.
• * 1.1152

  The Ward •• Faringdon w••
• * 1.1153

  Gold lane.
• * 1.1154

  Lither lane.
• * 1.1155

  Old Baylie.
• * 1.1156

  Limeburners lane, or Sea∣cole lane.
• * 1.1157

  Windeagaine lane.
• * 1.1158

  Shooelane.
• * 1.1159

  Fewtars lane.
• * 1.1160

  Shire lane.
• * 1.1161

  Giltspurre or Knightridars streete.
• * 1.1162

  Cocke lane
• * 1.1163

  West Smith∣fielde.
• * 1.1164

  Hospitall of S. Bartilmew.
• * 1.1165

  Hospitall of Bartilmew suppressed.
• * 1.1166

  Priorie of S. Bartilmew.
• * 1.1167

  Archbishop of Canterburie visiteth Saint Bartilmewes Priorie with stripes.
• * 1.1168

  Words of the Archbishop to the Prior and Canons.
• * 1.1169

  Suppriors cope ••ent and trodē vnder foote & himselfe al¦most slaine.
• * 1.1170

  The Archbi∣shop armed & ouerthrowne.
• * 1.1171

  The Canons beaten and trod vnder foote.
• * 1.1172

  The Canons complayned but could not be heard.
• * 1.1173

  The whole ci∣tie in an vp∣rore against the Arch∣bishop.
• * 1.1174

  Bolton last Pr••or of S. Bartlmew a great builder there.
• * 1.1175

  Canonberie.
• * 1.1176

  Edward Hall.
• * 1.1177

  Bartilmewfai••
• * 1.1178

  Court of Pie¦powdars.
• * 1.1179

  Long lane.
• * 1.1180

  Chiken lane.
• * 1.1181

  Cow bridge.
• * 1.1182

  Pens in Smith¦fielde
• * 1.1183

  Smithfielde pond some time a Poole.
• * 1.1184

  The Elmes in Smithfielde a place wherein Trespassers. were executed
• * 1.1185

  Hosiar lane.
• * 1.1186

  Cocke lane
• * 1.1187

  Iustinges in Smithfielde.
• * 1.1188

  parish church of S. Sepulchre
• * 1.1189

  Iohn Leyland,
• * 1.1190

  Pophames builders of S. Sepulchers Church.
• * 1.1191

  Oldboorne Conduite by Oldboorne Crosse.
• * 1.1192

  Elie place in Oldborne.
• * 1.1193

  Pattent.
• * 1.1194

  Sergeants feast in Elie house.
• * 1.1195

  King Henry the 8. and Q. Katherine di∣ned at the Ser∣geants feastes.
• * 1.1196

  Lither lane.
• * 1.1197

  Furniuals Inne an Inne of Chauncery.
• * 1.1198

  The Earle of Bathes Inne.
• * 1.1199

  Hounds ditch.
• * 1.1200

  The Cham∣berlains house and court in the old Bayly.
• * 1.1201

  The Sessions hall.
• * 1.1202

  S. Georges lane an Inne of Chauncery there.
• * 1.1203

  Originall of new Inne, an Inne of Chauncery.
• * 1.1204

  A standard of spring water in the olde Bayly.
• * 1.1205

  Seacoale lane, or Limebur∣ners lane, sometime so called.
• * 1.1206

  Windagaine. lane.
• * 1.1207

  Snore hill.
• * 1.1208

  Shooe lane.
• * 1.1209

  Oldborne hal.
• * 1.1210

  Parish Church of S. Andrew in Oldborne.
• * 1.1211

  Grammer schoole in Oldborne.
• * 1.1212

  Hospitall in Oldborne.
• * 1.1213

  Crokhorne Alley.
• * 1.1214

  Thauies Inne.
• * 1.1215

  Fewtars lane.
• * 1.1216

  Barnards Inne
• * 1.1217

  Staple Inne.
• * 1.1218

  Ludgate hill.
• * 1.1219

  The Fleet or Gaole in the raigne of Ri∣chard the first,
• * 1.1220

  Conduite at Fleet bridge.
• * 1.1221

  Parish Church of Saint D••n∣stones.
• * 1.1222

  Cliffordes ••••
• * 1.1223

  New streete or Chaunceler Lane.
• * 1.1224

  Howse of con∣uarts.
• * 1.1225

  Roules in Chauncerye Lane••
• * 1.1226

  Prior in Nec∣ton parke his Inne or house of the sixe Clearkes.
• * 1.1227

  Fickets croft Shere lane.
• * 1.1228

  Conduit at Fleet bridge.
• * 1.1229

  Bridewell the kings house.
• * 1.1230

  Liber Burton snper Trenthā fol. 46.
• * 1.1231

  States created at Bridewell.
• * 1.1232

  Bridewell giuē to the Citie of London, to be a workehouse for the poore.
• * 1.1233

  The Bishoppe of S. Dauides house.
• * 1.1234

  Parish church of S. Bridget.
• * 1.1235

  The B. of Sa∣lisbery his house.
• * 1.1236

  Water lane.
• * 1.1237

  White Fryars.
• * 1.1238

  Crokars lane
• * 1.1239

  Sarieants Inne in Fleetstreete.
• * 1.1240

  New Temple.
• * 1.1241

  Originall of the Thmplars.
• * 1.1242

  Profession of the Templars.
• * 1.1243

  Mathew Par••s.
• * 1.1244

  Seale of the Templars.
• * 1.1245

  Parliament at the New Temple.
• * 1.1246

  The order of Templars condemned.
• * 1.1247

  Templars bur¦ned.
• * 1.1248

  Robert Fabian.
• * 1.1249

  Pae••nt.
• * 1.1250

  The Temple giuē to Aimer de Valynce.
• * 1.1251

  Temple giuen to the Hospita¦lers of S. Iohn of Ierusalem.
• * 1.1252

  Patent 2. E 3.
• * 1.1253

  Clase, 18. E. 3.
• * 1.1254

  The Temple granted to the Studentes of the Law and made an Inne of Court.
• * 1.1255

  Monuments in the Temple Images of knightes buri∣ed crosse leg∣ged the cause why.
• * 1.1256

  Recordes of the Temple destroyed and burnt.
• * 1.1257

  Gate house of the Temple new builded.
• * 1.1258

  Great hall of the Temple new builded.
• * 1.1259

  Order for di∣uine seruice in the Temple
• * 1.1260

  Bridge ward without.
• * 1.1261

  S. Olaues street.
• * 1.1262

  An Abbey.
• * 1.1263

  A Priorie.
• * 1.1264

  A colledge & Hospitall.
• * 1.1265

  A lazar house Parish chur∣ches.
• * 1.1266

  The beare Gardens.
• * 1.1267

  Liber mane script.
• * 1.1268

  The stew on the bank side.
• * 1.1269

  ••••s. Mary ••bor••m.
• * 1.1270

  English peo∣••le disdained ••o be baudes: ••roes of Flaū∣••ers were wo∣men•• for that ••urpose.
• * 1.1271

  Robert Fabian.
• * 1.1272

  Stewhouses ••ut downe by Henry the 7. ••or a time.
• * 1.1273

  Signes on the stewhouses.
• * 1.1274

  Single women ••orbidden ••ightes of the church.
• * 1.1275

  Stewhouses put downe.
• * 1.1276

  Wincheste house.
• * 1.1277

  Rochester house.
• * 1.1278

  S. Mary Oue•• ries a Priorie, and now a parish churc••
• * 1.1279

  Liber Rufen. Liber Ber∣mondsey.
• * 1.1280

  S. Thomas Hospitall.
• * 1.1281

  Parish church of S. Mary Magdalen.
• * 1.1282

  Iohn Gower was no knight neither had he any garland of Iuie & Roses but a Chaplet of foure Roses onely.
• * 1.1283

  Priorie of S. Marie Ouery made a parish church.
• * 1.1284

  S. Mary Ouers Close.
• * 1.1285

  Pepper Alley.
• * 1.1286

  S. Margaret on the hill made a Court of Iustice.
• * 1.1287

  Court of Ad∣miraltie.
• * 1.1288

  Compter in Southwarke.
• * 1.1289

  Suffolke house
• * 1.1290

  A mint in Southwarke.
• * 1.1291

  Parish church of S. George.
• * 1.1292

  White Lion a Gaole for Surrey.
• * 1.1293

  Kings Bench.
• * 1.1294

  H. Kinghlon.
• * 1.1295

  Marshalsey in Southwarke.
• * 1.1296

  Saylers brake vp the Mar∣shalsey.
• * 1.1297

  Rebels of Kent brake vp the Marshalsey.
• * 1.1298

  The Tabarde in Southwarke.
• * 1.1299

  Geffrey Chauser.
• * 1.1300

  The Abbot of Hide his lodging.
• * 1.1301

  Hospitall of S. Thomas.
• * 1.1302

  S. Thomas Hospitall the second time founded.
• * 1.1303

  The 3. foun∣dation of S. Thomas Hos∣pitall, by the Cititizens of London.
• * 1.1304

  Gift of E. the 6. to the Hos∣pitall of S. Thomas in Southwarke.
• * 1.1305

  S. Thomas a parish church. S. Olaues streete and parish church.
• * 1.1306

  Prior of lewe his Inne.
• * 1.1307

  Abbot of Au∣gustins Inne.
• * 1.1308

  Wil. Thorne.
• * 1.1309

  Sentlegar house.
• * 1.1310

  The Bridge house.
• * 1.1311

  Garners for corne in the Bridge-house.
• * 1.1312

  Ouens in the Bridge house.
• * 1.1313

  A brew-house builded in the Bridge-house.
• * 1.1314

  Abbot of Bar∣taile his Inne.
• * 1.1315

  Battaile bridge.
• * 1.1316

  Bermondsey streete.
• * 1.1317

  Hide of South∣warke to the Monkes of Bermondsey.
• * 1.1318

  Bermonds Eye made an Abbey.
• * 1.1319

  Abbot of Ber∣mondsey held Ple against the King, and pre∣uailed.
• * 1.1320

  Pariw Church of Saint Mary Magdalen.
• * 1.1321

  The Loke a Lazar house in Kent streete.
• * 1.1322

  Liberties of Southwarke, farmed by the Citizens of London.
• * 1.1323

  Southwarke first paued.
• * 1.1324

  Liberties of Southwarke purchased.
• * 1.1325

  The Lordship and Mannor of Southwarke pertaining to the Monastery of Bermond∣sey.
• * 1.1326

  The Kings Mannor, Bo∣row of South∣warke.
• * 1.1327

  Faire in South¦warke.
• * 1.1328

  First Alder∣man of South∣warke.
• * 1.1329

  Borough of Southwarke, one of the Wardes of London.
• * 1.1330

  Muster of men in Southwarke
• * 1.1331

  Fitz Stephens.
• * 1.1332

  Libar albo.
• * 1.1333

  Subburbe with out the Po∣sterne by the Tower of Lon. Wapping in the Wose.
• * 1.1334

  Nightingale Lane.
• * 1.1335

  The hermitage by S. Kathrēs. Villa Estsmith field and Villa de Brambly.
• * 1.1336

  Mannor of Shadwell.
• * 1.1337

  Radliffe.
• * 1.1338

  Limehurst.
• * 1.1339

  Tower Hall without the Walles.
• * 1.1340

  Suburbe with∣out Aldegate.
• * 1.1341

  Of white Chapple.
• * 1.1342

  S. Mary Mat∣fellon.
• * 1.1343

  A deuout wi∣dow murdered
• * 1.1344

  Suburbe with-Bishops gate.
• * 1.1345

  Nortonfall gate.
• * 1.1346

  Priory of Saint Iohn Baptist at Holywell.
• * 1.1347

  The Courtin.
• * 1.1348

  The Theatre.
• * 1.1349

  A Crosse at Soersditch, now a Smithes Forge.
• * 1.1350

  Hoxton.
• * 1.1351

  Almes houses in Soersditch.
• * 1.1352

  Rotten Rowe, or Russel Row.
• * 1.1353

  Parish Church of S. Leonard, at Soersditch.
• * 1.1354

  Monuments defaced.
• * 1.1355

  Suburbe wit•••• out the Po∣stern of Mor••••gate.
• * 1.1356

  Fensberry fields, & Mor••••fields, an vn∣profitable ground.
• * 1.1357

  Gardens with••out Moore∣gate, destroy∣ed and made plaingrounde.
• * 1.1358

  Ditches cast to dreine the Moore Field.
• * 1.1359

  Slewces to conuey the standing water out of the Moore.
• * 1.1360

  Moorefielde raised, & wind∣milles set thereon.
• * 1.1361

  Edward Hall.
• * 1.1362

  Hedges pulled downe and diches filled vp.
• * 1.1363

  Banquetin•• houses like Banquerou•• bearing gre•••• shew and li•••• worth.
• * 1.1364

  Suburbe wit••••out Cripple gate.
• * 1.1365

  Parish church of S. Giles.
• * 1.1366

  Euerades well streete.
• * 1.1367

  Golding lane.
• * 1.1368

  Suburbe with∣out Aldersgate
• * 1.1369

  Ealdstreete.
• * 1.1370

  Hospitall without Al¦dersgate.
• * 1.1371

  The Mount.
• * 1.1372

  Suburbe with¦out Newgate.
• * 1.1373

  S. Iohns street Charterhouse
• * 1.1374

  Charterhouse
• * 1.1375

  No mans land
• * 1.1376

  pardon church yarde by the Charterhouse.
• * 1.1377

  Charter house lane.
• * 1.1378

  Conduite by the Charter∣house.
• * 1.1379

  Cow Crosse.
• * 1.1380

  Priorie of S. Iohn of Ieru∣salem.
• * 1.1381

  Priorie of Clarken well.
• * 1.1382

  Port Poole or Greyes Inne lane.
• * 1.1383

  Greyes Inne an Inne of Court.
• * 1.1384

  Widow A∣lington her building.
• * 1.1385

  South side of Oldborne.
• * 1.1386

  The Bishop of Lincolnes Inne in Old∣borne.
• * 1.1387

  Southhamptō house.
• * 1.1388

  Newstreet or Chancery lane
• * 1.1389

  Coursitors of∣fice in Chaun∣cery lane.
• * 1.1390

  Blacke Fryers Church in Oldborne.
• * 1.1391

  Earle of Kent buried in the Blacke Fryers.
• * 1.1392

  Conuocation of black Fry∣ers in Old∣borne.
• * 1.1393

  Bishop of Chichesters Inne.
• * 1.1394

  Lycons Inne.
• * 1.1395

  Lincolns Inne an Inne of Court.
• * 1.1396

  Hospitall of S. Giles founded for Leprose persons of the cittie of Lon∣don and shire of Middlesex.
• * 1.1397

  All leprose heople to be voided the citie & su∣burbs.
• * 1.1398

  Pattent.
• * 1.1399

  W. Dunthorne
• * 1.1400

  Suburbe with∣out Ludgate.
• * 1.1401

  Without the barre of the Citie, called Temple barre, and first of the Dutchy of Lancaster.
• * 1.1402

  Excester house since Leycester house, now Essex house.
• * 1.1403

  Chapell of S. Spirit.
• * 1.1404

  Milford lane.
• * 1.1405

  Bishop of Bathes Inne, or Arundell house.
• * 1.1406

  Parish church of S. Mary at the strand.
• * 1.1407

  Chesters Inne or Strand Inne an Inne of Chauncery.
• * 1.1408

  Strand bridge.
• * 1.1409

  The Bishop of Chesters Inne.
• * 1.1410

  The Bishop of Worcesters Inne.
• * 1.1411

  Sommerset house.
• * 1.1412

  Stone crosse at Strand.
• * 1.1413

  Sauoy house first builded by Peter Earle of Sauoy & Richmond.
• * 1.1414

  Thomas Earle of Sauoy his pedegrie by occasion.
• * 1.1415

  Beatrix sister to Peter Earle of Sauoy, mo∣ther to fiue Queenes.
• * 1.1416

  Fra••res de mōte Iouis or Priory de Cor∣nuto by ••aue∣ring at the boowre.
• * 1.1417

  H. Knighton••
• * 1.1418

  H. Knighton••
• * 1.1419

  Sauoy brent blowne vp with Gu•••• powder.
• * 1.1420

  Rebels more malicious thē co••etous, spoile all before them.
• * 1.1421

  Liber mane script, french.
• * 1.1422

  Sauoy builded for an Hospi∣tall.
• * 1.1423

  Hospitall of Sauoy sup∣pressed.
• * 1.1424

  Hospitall of Sauoy a new foundation ••hereof.
• * 1.1425

  Parish church of S. Iohn in the Sauoy. B. of Carlile his Inne or Bedford house
• * 1.1426

  Iuie bridge.
• * 1.1427

  The street be∣twixt Temple Barre and the Sauoy first pa∣ued the 24. of Henry the 6.
• * 1.1428

  Parish church of S. Clement Danes.
• * 1.1429

  Hedlesse crosse by the Strand
• * 1.1430

  Chancelor of the Dutchie of Lancaster.
• * 1.1431

  Clements Inne of Chancery.
• * 1.1432

  Clements well.
• * 1.1433

  New Inne of Chancery.
• * 1.1434

  Lyons Inne of Chancery.
• * 1.1435

  Druery lane.
• * 1.1436

  Cecill house.
• * 1.1437

  Bedford house
• * 1.1438

  Parish church of S. Martin in the fielde.
• * 1.1439

  Chappell of our Lady in the Pew an house belong∣ing to Bethlē.
• * 1.1440

  Chappell of our Lady the Pew brent.
• * 1.1441

  Iohn Piggot.
• * 1.1442

  The Meuse by Charing Crosse.
• * 1.1443

  The Meuse burned.
• * 1.1444

  The Bishop of Durhams house.
• * 1.1445

  Iusting feast at Durham house.
• * 1.1446

  Pencione••s.
• * 1.1447

  The Bishop of Norwitch his house.
• * 1.1448

  Hospitall of S. Marie Rounci∣uall.
• * 1.1449

  Hermitage with a Chap∣pell of S. Katherine.
• * 1.1450

  Charing crosse
• * 1.1451

  Hospitall of S. Iames.
• * 1.1452

  S. Iames Fayre for 7. dayes.
• * 1.1453

  S. Iames Parke
• * 1.1454

  Tylt yarde at Westminster.
• * 1.1455

  Scotland a plot of giound so called.
• * 1.1456

  White hall.
• * 1.1457

  Tennis courts Bowling Allies and Cocke pit
• * 1.1458

  Long pitch.
• * 1.1459

  S. Stephens Allie.
• * 1.1460

  T. Glifforde.
• * 1.1461

  Robert de A. nesbery.
• * 1.1462

  Manu script. French.
• * 1.1463

  Wooll Staple at Middle. b••ough.
• * 1.1464

  Staple Mar∣chantes the most ancientst of this realme.
• * 1.1465

  Theeuing lane.
• * 1.1466

  Foundation of Westmin∣ster by Sebert a Christian king not only in word but in deed.
• * 1.1467

  Fulcardus.
• * 1.1468

  Walsingham.
• * 1.1469

  T. Clifford.
• * 1.1470

  Parish church of S. Margaret
• * 1.1471

  A Mart at Westminster.
• * 1.1472

  Westminster with the pal∣lace burned.
• * 1.1473

  New Chappel at Westmin∣ster.
• * 1.1474

  Westminster a Bishops sea.
• * 1.1475

  Westminster made a col∣ledge.
• * 1.1476

  Kings and Queenes crow¦ned at West∣minster.
• * 1.1477

  Kinges and Queenes buried at Westminster.
• * 1.1478

  S. Edwardes shrine at Westminster.
• * 1.1479

  Geffrey Chau∣cer the famous poet of England.
• * 1.1480

  Sanctuary at Westminster.
• * 1.1481

  Great hall at Westminster. Mathew Paris.
• * 1.1482

  Liber Wood∣bridge.
• * 1.1483

  Pallace repai∣red.
• * 1.1484

  W. Fitzstephēs
• * 1.1485

  Record Tower.
• * 1.1486

  The vse of great Halles was to feede the Poore.
• * 1.1487

  Mathew Paris.
• * 1.1488

  H. the 3. sate in the Exche∣quer and mer∣ced the She∣riffes.
• * 1.1489

  Translation of E. the Con∣fessor.
• * 1.1490

  Marshes about Woolwitch drowned.
• * 1.1491

  Wheries row∣ed in West∣minster Hall.
• * 1.1492

  T. Walsinghā. Pallace at Westminster brent.
• * 1.1493

  The kings Treasury at Westminster robbed.
• * 1.1494

  The Abbot & Monkes sent to the Tower.
• * 1.1495

  E. the 2. kee∣ping his feasts at Westm. hal. was presented with a com∣plaint, of not rewarding souldiers.
• * 1.1496

  Great Hall at Westminster repaired.
• * 1.1497

  Ro. Iuelefe.
• * 1.1498

  Ro. Fabian.
• * 1.1499

  King Henry the 7. feasted the Mayor of London, &c.
• * 1.1500

  〈…〉〈…〉
• * 1.1501

  Bouch of Court.
• * 1.1502

  Magna carta. Cōmon place in Westmin∣ster Hall.
• * 1.1503

  T. Smith.
• * 1.1504

  Court of the Chauncery.
• * 1.1505

  Kings of this Realme haue sate on the Kings Bench, in West•• Hall.
• * 1.1506

  Court of the Exchequer.
• * 1.1507

  Informers.
• * 1.1508

  Douch court.
• * 1.1509

  office of recei••
• * 1.1510

  Starre chāber.
• * 1.1511

  The court of Wardes and Liueries.
• * 1.1512

  Court of Requests.
• * 1.1513

  S. Stephens Chapell.
• * 1.1514

  Litle Sanctu∣arie.
• * 1.1515

  Cloyster of S. Stephens Cha¦pel builded.
• * 1.1516

  Parliament house.
• * 1.1517

  Clock house at Westminster.
• * 1.1518

  Fountaine in the Pallace Court.
• * 1.1519

  Westminst•••• bridge or co••••mon landing place.
• * 1.1520

  High tower •••• Westminster••
• * 1.1521

  Gate house a•• Westminster••
• * 1.1522

  Almeshouse o•• Henry the 7.••
• * 1.1523

  Chapell of S. Anne.
• * 1.1524

  Almeshouse founded by Lady Marga∣ret.
• * 1.1525

  Almory at Westminster.
• * 1.1526

  Printing of bookes at Westm. the first in Eng∣land.
• * 1.1527

  Totehil street.
• * 1.1528

  Hospitall foun¦ded by Lady Anne Dacre.
• * 1.1529

  Petty France.
• * 1.1530

  Almeshouses for poore wo∣women.
• * 1.1531

  Chappel of Mary Mag∣dalen.
• * 1.1532

  Gouernment of Westmin∣ster Citie.
• * 1.1533

  W••••almesbe¦ry.
• * 1.1534

  Antiquities of Gla••to.
• * 1.1535

  Lib. consti L. Eleutherius died in the yeare, 186. when he had sitten Bishop 15 yeares.
• * 1.1536

  Liber albu•• constitut.
• * 1.1537

  Socelin of Furnes.
• * 1.1538

  ••. Tome com.
• * 1.1539

  Saint Pauls Church in London first founded.
• * 1.1540

  1. Melitus first Bishop of Lon∣don, 619.
• * 1.1541

  2. Iustus, 24.
• * 1.1542

  3. Cedde, B. of London, 58. Ithancaster and Tilberrie.
• * 1.1543

  Raphe Cog∣shall.
• * 1.1544

  4. Wina, 666.
• * 1.1545

  5. Erkenwald 680.
• * 1.1546

  Crotesey, or Chartesey.
• * 1.1547

  6. Waldhere 697.
• * 1.1548

  King Sebba became a Monke in Pauls church.
• * 1.1549

  Fable of Ri∣chard Graues∣end reproued.
• * 1.1550

  An hospitall for frensy people in To∣wer street Warde.
• * 1.1551

  S. Anthonies in Brodestreet Warde.
• * 1.1552

  S. Bartilmew in Smithfild.
• * 1.1553

  S. Giles in the fields.
• * 1.1554

  S. Iohn of Ie∣rusalem, for defence of the Rhodes.
• * 1.1555

  S. Iames in the field.
• * 1.1556

  S. Iohns at Sauoy.
• * 1.1557

  S. Katherin by the Tower.
• * 1.1558

  Hospitall of Elsing or El∣sing Spittle.
• * 1.1559

  S. Mary Beth∣lem.
• * 1.1560

  S. Mary Spittle
• * 1.1561

  S. Mary Roun∣siuall.
• * 1.1562

  S. Thomas of Acon.
• * 1.1563

  S. Thomas in Southwarke.
• * 1.1564

  Hospital with∣out Aldersgate
• * 1.1565

  Hospital with∣out Criple••∣ate.
• * 1.1566

  Hospital in Oldborne.
• * 1.1567

  Gods house at VVhittington Colledge.
• * 1.1568

  Christes hos∣pitall.
• * 1.1569

  Hospitall of Bridewell.
• * 1.1570

  Numbers 5.
• * 1.1571

  Leprose per∣sons to be voi∣ded the Cittie.
• * 1.1572

  Lazar house•• builded.
• * 1.1573

  Pattent.
• * 1.1574

  Aserius Me∣neuen.
• * 1.1575

  Florencius Wigor.
• * 1.1576

  Marianus Scotus.
• * 1.1577

  Portgraues.
• * 1.1578

  Robert Fabian.
• * 1.1579

  Li. S. Albani.
• * 1.1580

  Citizens of London cal∣led Burgesses.
• * 1.1581

  Prouostes.
• * 1.1582

  Sheriffes.
• * 1.1583

  Portgraues, since called Shriues and Iudges of •••• Kings Court and haue therefore vr••der shriuesm•••• learned in th•• lawe, to sit in their Courts. Domesmen or Iudges of the kings Court.
• * 1.1584

  Bailiffes of London.
• * 1.1585

  First Maior of London,
• * 1.1586

  After the com¦mon opinion of men of late times.