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FLAVIVS DOMITIAN. CHAPTER XIV.
DOmitian attaining the Em∣pire * 1.3 by the death of Titus, (wrought by himselfe) as farre differed from him in vertuous conditions, as he was linked neere him in consanguinitie of blood: His youth not spent in * 1.4 Armes, with his Father and Brother, but inertiously consumed in lasciuiousnesse and penurie.
(2) At Rome hee was in the Vitellian troubles, where, with Sabinus his Vncle, he had beene murde∣red, * 1.5 had not the Sexton of the Capitoll hid him in his house, and in the habit of a Minister vnknowen, thence escaped: which place afterwards, when hee * 1.6 came to be Emperour, he gorgeously built for a Tem∣ple to Iupiter his supposed Preseruer, and consecrated himselfe in the lap of that heathenish Idoll. Hee very speedily apprehended the hope of an Empire, for no sooner was his Father made Emperour, but that hee as∣sumed the name of Caesar, and in Rome caried himselfe with such prodigalitie, and so liberally made promi∣ses of the Imperiall Offices, that his father hearing thereof, said, he maruelled why his sonne sent not one to succeed him in his place. But to dissemble and cloake his idle conceits, he gaue himselfe to the study of Po∣esie, (although with little affection, as the end proo∣ued) for which notwithstanding both Pliny and Mar∣tial * 1.7 doe highly commend him, as it is the manner of men to admire the very shadow of a good quality in Princes and great ones: and so doth Iuuenal and Sue∣tonius praise his braue minde, for his shewes in the Amphitheater, wherein not only men, but women al∣so were brought, and forced to fight for their liues with wilde beasts: a cruell spectacle neuerthelesse, and vnbeseeming to humanity.
(3) His first entrance into state and dignitie was neither greatly applauded nor gainsaid, hee seeming to carrie an equall mixture, and his vertues to hold le∣uell with his vice. But Ambition now supported with Soueraignty, did quickly set the scale onely for the worse side. The affaires of the Empire hee altogether neglected; and impatient of labour, or affection to Armes, daily retired into a priuate chamber or Gal∣lery, wherein hee vsually applied himselfe onely to * 1.8 catch Flies, and with the point of a bodkin to pricke them thorow: whereupon one being asked what company was with the Emperour, replied, Not so much as a flie. In which princely exercise let vs a while leaue him, and returne to his better emploied Lieutenant Agricola.
(4) Who now in the fifth yeere of his gouern∣ment * 1.9 tooke the seas, and with many prosperous con∣flicts subdued some adiacent places and people, be∣fore that time vnknowen, and furnished with forces those parts of Britaine, which lay coasted against Ire∣land: to which Countrey also hee had a minde, and * 1.10 would often say, that if the Romans were therin plan∣ted, the Libertie of the Britaines would soone be bani∣shed quite out of sight, and out of hope.
(5) Now in the sixth yeere of his Prefecture, be∣cause a general rising of al the farther Nations beyond Bodotria was feared, and passages were all beset with power of the Enemies, he manned a Fleet to search the creekes and harboroughs of the ample Region beyond it, and with his Armie marched further * 1.11 North. The Britaines heereat, especially at sight of their ships, much amazed and troubled, knowing now that the secrets of their Seas were all discouered, and no refuge left if they were ouercome, armed themselues with great preparation; and the Caledoni∣ans (a most puissant and strong Nation in those parts) * 1.12 the formost; who, as challengers, braued the Romans so boldly, and in such manner, that some counselled the Generall to retire his forces on this side Bodotria, and rather of his owne accord to depart, then to bee repelled with shame.
(6) Agricola, whose courage could not be clou∣ded with any dastardly feare, held on his intents; and hearing by prisoners taken, the manner of his Ene∣mies proceedings, ordereth his host accordingly, di∣uiding his armie into three battles, and so lay entren∣ched; the weakest whereof, containing the Ninth Le∣gion, the Britaines by Night assailed, and hauing slaine the Watch, brake into their Campe with a furious noise: to whose rescue, Agricola sent his Light horse∣men, and a Band of foot, whose Ensignes and Armour glittering in the appearance of day, so rebated the edge and further purposes of the Britaines, that they gaue backe to the gates of the Trench, where, in the straits the conflict was sharpe and cruell, till in the end they were forced to quit the field. Vpon this battle so manfully fought, and so famously won, the Romans presuming that to their prowesse all things were now easie and open, cried to lead into Caledonia, and to finde out the limits of Britaine, with a course of * 1.13 continued Conquests: and those which erewhile were so wary and wise, waxt forward and bold after the euent, and grew to speake bigly▪ such being the hard condition of Warres, that if ought fall out well, all challenge a part, misfortunes are onely imputed to one. Contrariwise, the Britaines presupposing that not valour, but skill in the Generall by vsing the occa∣sion, had carried it away, abated no whit their won∣ted courage, but armed their youth, transported their Children and Wiues into places of safety, and sought by Assemblies & Religious rites to establish an Associ∣ation of the Cities together. And so for that yeere both parties did depart, incensed to further preparations.
(7) In the beginning of the next, Agricola sen∣ding his Nauie before, which by vnexpected spoiling