The history of Great Britaine under the conquests of ye Romans, Saxons, Danes and Normans Their originals, manners, warres, coines & seales: with ye successions, lives, acts & issues of the English monarchs from Iulius Cæsar, to our most gracious soueraigne King Iames. by Iohn Speed.

HENRIE THE EIGHT OF THAT * 1.1 * 1.2 NAME, KING OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, AND IRELAND, DEFENDER OF THE FAITH, &c. THE FIFTIE EIGHT MONARCH OF THE ENGLISH, HIS RAIGNE, ACTS, WIVES, AND ISSVE. CHAPTER XXI.

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THe rich and wise King (Henry the seuenth) gone (as is said) the way of all * 1.3 flesh, his sonne bearing the same name, a most magnanimous & heroi∣cal Prince, succeded in his Throne ouer al his domi∣nions, as the only true heir vnto the Crowne, by both the houses of Lancaster and Yorke. His birth was at Greenwich in the yeere of Grace, 1491. the twentieth * 1.4 two of Iune: and his youth so trained vp in litera∣ture, that he was accounted the most learned Prince of all Christendome, indued with parts most befit∣ting a King, both in lineaments of body, and libera∣lity of minde, besides his ripe knowledge in poli∣ticke * 1.5 affaires, and was made the more agreeable to the affections of men, by the consideration of his flourishing age, as hauing not attained vnto nineteen at his fathers death. In his infancy hee was created Duke of Yorke; at twelue yeeres (his brother decea∣sed) Prince of Wales, and at eighteene became sole Monarch of the land, when at Westminster vpon Sunday the twenty fift of Iune, euen the festiuall of * 1.6 Saint Iohn Baptist, and yeere of Christ Iesus, 1509. hee with his beauteous Queene Katherine receiued their Crowns at the hands of William Warham Arch∣bishoppe of Canterbury, no Prince giuing better hopes vnto iustice, or seeking the wealth of his sub∣iects more then himselfe.

(2) His Counsellors he chose of the grauest di∣uines,

and the wisest Nobility, with whom hee not * 1.7 onely often sate, to the great encrease of his politicke experience; but would also yeeld his authority to their graue and farre inseeing wisdomes: Of whom the plaints of Petitioners were so mouingly regar∣ded, that Proclamations went forth, with promise of restitution, to them that had beene wronged by Dudley or Empson, two persons that had abused the authority of K. Henrie his Father, by enriching their * 1.8 owne coffers, with the vrter vndoing of many better subiects. These men, King Henry the seuenth had * 1.9 made his Instruments for the finding out of offen∣ders in his penall Statutes, themselues being learned in the lawes, and apt inough to execute their Com∣missions to the full: for, by their daily informations and recouering of fines, they digged and brought a filuer Mine into the Kings Exchequer, some veines * 1.10 whereof by the way, ranne also into their owne coffers, to the great vexation of all, and vtter vndo∣ing of many; whereat the Noblemen grudged, the Gentility repined, the Commons lamented, and all of them felt the teeth of these rauening Wolues: * 1.11 But the father King departed, and his sonneset on his throne; the complaintes of the oppressed so oppressed the King and his Councell, that Dudley and Empson were sent prisoners to the Tower, and both of them by Parliament attainted of Trea∣son.

(3) Edmund Dudley by descent was a Gentleman, and by profession a Lawyer, hauing both wit and wordes at will, had hee not abused both to his own destruction. Richard Empson his inferiour by birth, was the sonne of a poore Sieue-maker, but yet had * 1.12 hee stepped before him to the degree of a Knight: These night-sprung Mushrumps that sucked the earthes fatnesse, from far better plants then them∣selues, saw not the many hands ready to plucke vp them by the rootes, when the season should serue to cleare the land of such weedes: for albeit they had their discharge vnder the Kings owne hand to doe what they did, and their seruice knowne Crowne seruice, a matter impugnable, yet no sooner were they left to stand vpon their owne basis, but that they felt the weight of their done wrongs too im∣portunable for them any longer to beare; for so importune were all degrees against them, that Dud∣ley forthwith in Guild-hall London was arraigned and condemned to die: and King Henry in progresse, * 1.13 (through the cry of the people) could take no plea∣sure, til he had sent for Empson into Northamptonshire, * 1.14 where among them hee was arraigned, and receiued sentence of death, which was so desired and follow∣ed, as to satisfie his Subiects, the King sent a speci∣all writ for their executions, which with great ioy of all was performed vpon Tower hill, by taking from them their heades; when they left their riches to be spent by others, and their names to remaine vpon Record for the Caterpillers of those times: whose like if any such liue, shall leaue their hatefull remembrance to the like staines of reprochfull infa∣my, how pleasing soeuer the promotion so gotten in their owne eyes shall seeme, or the employments in their selfe conceites accounted profitable to the State.

(4) This iustice of King Henry wanne him great praise of his people, and his charity extended to∣wards London, when that City was sore distressed * 1.15 with famine, by sending sixe hundred quarters of corne, great loue; so that neuer any King entred his raigne with better hopes then himselfe. That his person was tall, is not to bee doubted, though not like vnto Soules, as some haue alleadged, whose * 1.16 report is, that at the siege of Bulloigne, he was higher by the head then any in his Campe, and euery ioint * 1.17 proportionable to so royall a stature: but that hee was strong, his many Iusts and Tilts, and fights at Turnay (most dangerously performed) was manife∣sted vpon them that vnderwent his heauy hand: for at Tilt hee bare downe a man at Armes both horse and all, and threw Sir William Kingston a Knight of * 1.18 great strength to the ground at Barryers; with bat∣tell-axe he combated against one Giot a Germane ve∣ry strong and tall, and lent him better blowes then he could againe repay.

(5) His glorie thus mounted the Trophie of fame, and young Henry the onely morning starre in this Westerne Orbe, Pope Iulius the second, fea∣ring the further incroch of the French, who then had entred into some part of Italy, thought this Prince the strongest pillar whereunto to trust, and the fittest Carde to trumpe the French King, well knowing the Title that the English Kings had vnto France, and the readinesse of his Subiects to forward that way: wher∣upon writing his letters vnto King Henry, complai∣ned against Lewis the French king, and twelfth of that name, who neither (as hee alleadged) esteeming of God, good fame, nor conscience, detained the reuenewes * 1.19 of the Clergy, supported the Cardinall William to aspire the Papacy, aided in the siege of Bonen, Alfonso of Fer∣rara, and the Benteuoly, both traitors to the Papal Sea, where hee intended to lay the foundation of his Empire, to vsurpe all Italy, besought him for the pitty of our Saui∣our, and by the vertue of his famous ancestors, (for I vse the words of the Popes briefe) that neuer forsooke the Church of God in distresse, and by the filiall obedience, the strongest bond, to enter into the holy league, they hauing elected him against Lewis, Caput faederis Ita∣lici.

(6) And indeed to speake as it was, Lewis much emulated King Henries greatnesse, fearing that for∣tune would giue him occasions to make his claime by sword vnto the Kingdome of France; which the sooner hee did by this holy fathers instigations, and by his Herauld Clarentius roughly demanded, the * 1.20 Dutchies of Normandy, Guyen, Anion and Maine, and with them also the Crowne that king Lewis * 1.21 ware. The Scotish king likewise, in case of Andrew Barton slaine in his Piracies (as the English allead∣ged) by the Admirall of England, accounted the * 1.22 truce broken, and sought the reuenge vpon the Borders adioining. Against these two nations yong Henry at once prepared, and happily obtained faire victories against both: but the successe of the one, (though not following precisely the time) we meane to relate before wee enter discourse of the other.

(7) The enterprise great which K. Henry meant to vndergoe, hee thought it good wisdome to ioyne amity with Maximilian the Emperour, Fardinando * 1.23 King of Spaine, and many other Princes, holding also correspondency with Pope Iulius the second, that busie Pontificall Prelate of Rome: then pro∣pounding his purposes in Parliament, sent ouer certaine Nobles before him into France, and after∣ward followed them himselfe, pitching downe his * 1.24 Tents before the Towne of Terwin, where he raised his royall Standard of the Red-dragon, and begirt * 1.25 the Citie with a strait siege.

(8) To this place Maximilian the Emperour re∣paired, and to the great honour of Henry entred into his pay, wearing the Crosse of Saint George, with a * 1.26 rose (the Kings badge) as his faithfull Souldier, and receiued wages by day for euery of his, according to their degree: The French seeing the Towne in * 1.27 distresse, sought the reliefe with victuals, and men, but were so encountred by the king and his com∣pany, as that many of their chiefest Captaines were * 1.28 taken, and sixe of their Standards wonne, the rest for safeguard of life so posted away, that this con∣flict was called the battell of Spurres.

(9) Then was the battery broght so neer their wals, * 1.29 that many breaches were therein made, and the Towne by composition yeelded vnto the King; * 1.30 whereupon the Earle of Shrewsbury was sent to see all things safe, who stucke vpon the highest Turret the Banner of Saint George, and tooke the oath of al∣leagiance of all the French Citizens, to acknowledge * 1.31 King Henry their supreme Lord: This done, the King as a Conquerour entreth Terwine, sent thence

their Ordinance, dismounted the Turrets, cast downe the walles, filled vp the ditches, and fired the Towne, excepting onely the Cathedrall Church and Bishops Pallace.

(10) Then was the siege remoued vnto Turnay: about which City King Henry commanded diuers * 1.32 Trenches to bee cast, and placed his Ordinance to such aduantage, that none might enter in, or come out of the same. Into this Towne a great number of the French from the Countries adioining had lately fled, relying much vpon the strength and safety of the place, which indeed had euer beene accounted so inuincible, that this sentence was en∣graued ouer one of the gates. Iannes ton me a perden * 1.33 ton pucellage, thou hast neuer lost thy maiden-head: Notwithstanding, it was yeelded vp vnto Henry with ten thousand pounds sterling for the Citizens redemption, who to the number of fourescore thou∣sand, then tooke their oathes to become his true Subiects, and foure of their principall bare vp the Canopie vnder which the King in triumph-wise en∣tred, hauing born before him his sword, axe, speare, * 1.34 and other abiliments of warre, euery Citizen hol∣ding a staffe-Torch for his light. The safe keeping of this City, the King committed to Sir Edward Poi∣nings Knight of the Order of the Garter, whom hee there made his Lieutenant, and ordained Thomas Wolsey his Almoner the Bishoppe of Turnay. The yeere now spent, and season vnfit for the fielde, a surcease from warre was determined vntill the next spring; whereupon all were shipped for England with full payment, and praise, but Terwin and Turnay stucke heauily vpon the French mens hearts.

(11) King Lewis thus endammaged in his owne Dominions, thought it best policy to pay like for like, to which end at the first attempts against Ter∣wine * 1.35 hee solicited Iames the fourth of that name, King of Scotland (though brother by marriage vn∣to King Henry of England) to disturbe the peace of his Subiects, that so hee might bee drawne out of France; which Iames for his part put presently in practise: for writing his letters to Henry in the French * 1.36 Kings behalfe, charged him with breach of Truce, both in the case of his Scots slaine at the sea, as also against his Confederates the Duke of Gelder, and King of France, against which last he desired him to desist, otherwise hee should bee forced to reuenge the Frenches wrongs vpon his English: and to giue letters of Mart to recouer the losses of his Sub∣iectes.

(12) King Henry a Prince of a Maiesticall spirite, most highly offended at these his brothers requests, and threates, was so farre ouergone with fury and rage, that Lions King at Armes the bringer, was * 1.37 thereby somewhat daunted at his present answere, which he desired might be sent in writing, refusing to carry in words his reply to his Soueraigne. This * 1.38 Heralds wise and weighty request, was forthwith granted, and letters framed to King Iames demands, answering those imputations with rough and round words, which notwithstanding hee neuer read or saw, being slaine in the battell of Flodden, before that Lions could come to deliuer the same.

(13) For Iames King of Scots preparing for war, had in the meane while entred the borders, and with his Ordinance battered and wonne the Castell of * 1.39 Norham; making still forward vpon the English. A∣gainst whom Thomas Howard Earle of Surrey made the Kings Lieutenant of the North, at his going in∣to France, assembled an Army of twenty sixe thou∣sand strong, vnto whom came his sonne the Lord Admirall of England, with a great supply of good * 1.40 souldiers well appointed for warre. The Earle from Newcastell came vnto the water of Till, and pitched his battell besides a little Towne called Brankeston, vnder Flodden hill, a mountaine lying in the North of Northumberland, betwixt the riuers of Till and Tweed, where vpon a rising banke, the Scottish hoast had taken the aduantage of the ground: vnto King Iames, Thomas Earle of Surrey sent Rouge Crosse a Purseuant at Armes, with proffer of bat∣tell to bee done vpon Friday the ninth of Septem∣ber, if so it pleased his Highnesse, who withall * 1.41 carryed this message from the L. Admirall, that he was come in person to iustifie his Act against Andrew Barton, and would abide the last drop of his bloud in the Vant-gard of the field.

(14) King Iames most readily accepted the offer, and by his Herauld Hay sent the Earle word, that if * 1.42 he were as then in Edenbrough, yet would hee most gladly come to fulfill his desire; and withall sent his letters for the iust occasions giuen him to inuade England as hee did The day approached, and the * 1.43 Scots keeping the higher ground, the Earle mar∣ched vpward along the riuer, and by two Bridges passed ouer with his hoast, making still forward, as thogh he ment either to haue taken into Scotland, or else to circumuent K. Iames his returne, which hee perceiuing, hasted downe the hill, putting from him his horse, raised his roiall Standard, and as a most valiant Chiefetaine encouraged his Souldiers to the fight.

(15) The Scotish Ordinance discharged from a∣boue, ouershot the English with very small dam∣mage, * 1.44 and the ground of no difficult ascent, gaue them the easier accesse, so that Sir Edmund Howard, who lead a wing to the Vant-gard (whereof his bro∣ther the Admirall was Captain) got almost to the * 1.45 height; against whom the Earles of Lennox and Ar∣gile, with their Battels of Speares on foot so vio∣lently encountred, that they beat down, and brake the wing of the English, wherein many were slaine, * 1.46 and the horsemen disbanded, and put to flight; but presently recalled, ioyned themselues againe to the great battell, which by this time had attained to the toppe of the hill. King Iames that saw this first brunt performed, made full account that the day was his owne, supposing verily the English had fled, and therefore most valiantly he aduanced for∣ward, not staying for the reregard to second his battel, and encountring the Earles Battalion, a bloo∣dy * 1.47 fight was performed, with the losse and life of many a man: but strength neere spent, and the Scotish somewhat disioyned, through force of a great shore of arrowes falling among them; Sir Edward Stanley hauing three bands reserued for the like purpose, with a fresh onset inuaded the open sides of the enemy, whose force was so violent, that the Scots no longer were able to stand, but tooke downe the hill vnto flight, which the Earles of Len∣nox * 1.48 and Argile perceiuing, did their best to stay them, and fighting most valiantly, themselues were slain in the same place.

(16) King Iames then perceiuing the wings of his Battell distressed and gone, and that the enemy began to enclose him about; with a stout resolution incouraged his men, willing thē to regard the per∣son * 1.49 of their King, their own honor, their valiant An∣cestors, and now their present imploiments; that their blood might bee bought deare to the English, and the Scotish valours recorded for euer in the vo∣lumes of fame for this their one daies work; & there∣upon rushing among the thickest began a most eager & bloody battel, and piercing through with a strong hand went so far, that he had almost ouerthrown the Earles Standard: thus busied in doubtfull chance, the Lord Howard and Sir Edward Stanley hauing dis∣comfited the enemy in either wing, returned in the face of the maine battell, and the Lord Dacres with his Horse-men came vpon their backes, so that the Stotish were forced to fight in a round compasse, but being ouer-laid, the Kings Standard was strucken downe, and himselfe most valiantly fighting slaine in the middest of his enemies: with whom died * 1.50 three Bishops, whereof one was Alexander Archbi∣shop of Saint Andrewes the Kings base sonne, two Abbots, twelue Earles, and seuenteene Lords,

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Kent vnto Black-heath neere vnto Greenewich, was there mette and receiued by the Duke of Norfolke, * 1.51 many Knights, but many more Prelates, where in a Tent of Cloth of Gold, he shifted himselfe into his Cardinall Roabes, which was edged about with most rich Ermine, and thence rode to London, in more pompe and estate then Christ did to Ierusalem when Hosanna was sung. * 1.52

(32) Eight Mules hee had laden with necessa∣ries belonging, but those made no shew in proud Wolseis eies, therefore twelue more hee sent him to furnish his Pageants through the streets of London, these either wanton, or ashamed to bee wondred at, plaied the skittish Iades indeed: For in Cheape-side, as this Triumph foorth passed, these beasts by breaking their Collers and esca∣ping their Leaders, cast their Carriages and Cof∣fers vpon the cold ground; whose lids flying open * 1.53 laid most of their riches to the sight of the people. For, from some of them fell olde Breeches, Bootes and broken shooes, from others torne stockings tot∣tered ragges, olde Iron and horse shooes, and for fainting by the way therein was bestowed, and now cast abroad, broken meate, mary-bones, rosted egges, and crusts of bread, ywiffe worth the keeping: this Shipwrack made vpon the Shelues of Cheape-side, no need it was to bid the muliters to bestirre them, who like good thrifty marriners saued from spoile as much as they could, and trussing vp their trinkets, laded againe these wantons, with the wealth of the Cardinal, who (good man) was iogging on afore with his Crosses, Pillars, Gilt-axe and Mace, vnto Pauls Church, where hee was mette with many mitred Bishops, and attended vpon to Bath place, where we will leaue him, and returne to the place where wee left.

(33) The vnity agreed vpon betwixt England and France, a meeting was motioned for the two Kings, and to that ende great preparation made as∣well of the one as of the other. But in the heate of this businesse, King Henry had word that Charles, his Queenes Nephew, and new made Emperour, would * 1.54 visit him in England, which accordingly hee did, ac∣companied with the Queene of Arragon, and a most Royall Traine, and was as Roiallie entertained by King Henry: the cause of his comming was to hin∣der the peace concluded with France, for although, * 1.55 this Emperour were young, and but newly establi∣shed; yet was hee wise and well foresawe the hurt that this amity with France, would bring him, and therefore came in person of purpose to disswade the Kings mind and to stay his entrance with the French if he could, but finding Henry so forward in those proceeds, he baited his hooks with golden gifts to the Cardinall, and wanne him wholly to his deuotion.

(34) King Henry passing the Seas vnto Callis, met with King Frances at a place appointed, and for that * 1.56 purpose newly built betwixt the Townes of Guisnes, and Arde: where to describe the Iusts, Banquets, * 1.57 and Maskes were to fill vp (with Hall, Grafton and Holinshed) whole sides of excessiue great Cost. At Callis also the same time the Emperor, with his Aunt * 1.58 the Lady Margaret Dutchesse of Sauoy landed, whi∣ther King Henry and his Queene repaired, to the no little grudge of the French King, though he kept it to * 1.59 himselfe, and consented vnto the ancient league tri∣pertite betwixt these three Monarches, which done the Kings returned into their owne Realmes.

(35) Displeasures shortly arising betwixt the Em∣perour and the French King, King Henry assaied to * 1.60 bring thē to peace, but that failing, fell himselfe from the French, imputing the fault vnto Frances for sub∣orning the Scots against him, and King Frances againe * 1.61 laid all the blame in the Cardinall, accusing him of dissimulation, abhorted practises and what not: but wheresoeuer lay the defect, the Duke of Albany * 1.62 was sent into Scotland; the French followed a Spa∣nish ship fraught with the goods of English-Mer∣chants * 1.63 vnto Margate, and tooke her euen in the Kings streams, in both which King Frances excusing himselfe with ignorance, alleaged no breach of truce broken by him.

(35) Then was it thought best by the Cardinals * 1.64 aduice to repay like with like, and therefore coun∣selled his King, to reare Charles Duke of Burbon a∣gainst France and to perswade him to inuade the ve∣ry heart thereof, incouraging him with sufficient pay, and making him his Champion generall of the Field; whilest the Emperor likewise held him play * 1.65 against Millan. And to that end was sent in way of loane to the Emperour a great summe of money, and forreine Princes sollicited to take armes against France, for effecting which, King Henry sent his Am∣bassadors to the States of Venice and Swissers with these instructions as followeth.

(36) That whereas in a treatie of peace it was concluded betwixt the Emperor, King Henry, and Frances the French King, that if any Controuersies should arise betwixt any two, the Prince not in∣uading should giue aide and assistance against the in∣uader: but now the Emperour being inuaded by * 1.66 the French Kings Captaines in the Realme of Na∣uarre, and in his owne Countrey by Robert de la March, and others by his procurement, and our king (said they) being often called vpon by the Emperor, hath often entreated the French King to surcease, but hath nothing obtained besides faire words and detraction of promises. Complaining likewise that in the intercourse of these businesses, the French * 1.67 King contrary to his Oath had sent the D•…•… of Al∣bany into Scotland (in contempt of King Henry) and to the great danger of the yong Kings death or deposition, he being the next in blood to succeed, and to the dishonour of the Queene mother, had caused a separation betwixt her and her lawfull hus∣band the Earle of Angus. That the French King had deteined the payment compounded for the de∣liuery * 1.68 of Turnay; and kept backe the dowry of his sister Queene Dowager of France, that he had enter∣tained the rebellious Subiects of King Henry, and * 1.69 spoiled his Merchants both by Land and Sea. Nei∣ther was vnremembred the danger that the Venetians stood in, if the Realmes of Naples, and Sicilie, the Seig∣niories of Ieans, and Millane were lost from the Em∣pire. These therefore seemed faire proiects vnto King Henry for him to warre against France, and to that end, a generall Muster by Commission was ta∣ken * 1.70 of all able men from sixteene yeers and vpward, of euery Hamlet, Village, Burrough, Citie, Hundred, and Shire, throughout England, which seemed to many * 1.71 another Domesday Booke: and yet was there nei∣ther peace nor warre against France.

(37) In this great and hasty preparation, Charles the Emperour, as he passed toward Spaine, landed at * 1.72 Douer, where King Henrie mette him, and in great e∣state brought him to London; which was so prepa∣red with Ornaments and Pageants, as if it had been the Kings Coronation, and in the Blacke-friers the Emperour was lodged in a most Princely Palace new built by the King; then was he feasted at Winsor, where he sate in his state, in his Mantle and Garter, and by receiuing the Sacrament these two Potent Monarches tooke their Corporal Oathes to obserue the Couenants concluded betwixt them: whereof one was, that the Emperour Charles agreed to stay * 1.73 for, and take to wife the young Princesse Lady Ma∣rie, King Henries then onely daughter; and in such golden bands of loue, Charles and Henrie, seemed to * 1.74 be linked, as in London this sentence was set vp in the Guild-hall ouer the doore of the Counsell Cham∣ber, where it still remaineth.

Carolus, Henricus, viuant, defensor vterque Henricus fidei, Carolus Ecclesiae.•…•…

(38) Why the Titles defender of Church and Faith, were attributed vnto these two Princes

is no maruell; for Charles chosen Emperour, was scarsly confirmed, but to purchase the Popes fauor, he directed forth a solemne Writ of Out-lawry a∣gainst Martin Luther, who then had giuen a great blow to the Papall Crowne. And King Henry like∣wise * 1.75 was renowned in Rome, for writing a booke a∣gainst the said Luther: vnderpropping the tottering or downe-cast countenance of the Popes pardons; which Luther shrewdly had shaken; the Pope there∣fore * 1.76 to shew himselfe a kind father vnto those his sonnes, gaue them these Titles; which in truth were none other, then the same which they sware vnto, when the Crownes of their Empires were first set vpon their heades. But with what accep∣tance his Holinesse receiued King Henries booke, his owne Oration solemnely made at the deliuery thereof vnto M. Iohn Clarke the presenter and Kings Ambassador, in his Consistory, and in presence of his Cardinals sufficiently doth shew, the translation whereof we haue inserted as we finde it in the Origi∣nall it selfe.

Wee doe receiue this booke with all alacrity: it is * 1.77 indeed such as there could not bee any thing sent vs, and our venerable brethren, more acceptable then it is. For the King himselfe, a most mighty, most prudent, and most truely Christian Prince, wee know not whether wee may more prayse or admire, being the first that by warre with happy successe hath subdued the enemies of the Church of Christ, that seeke to rend Christs coat, and at last ouercomming the enemies, hath restored peace to the Church of God, and to this holy See. But now against so soule a Monster, both to vnder∣stand, to bee able, and willing to write this book, hee hath shewed himselfe no more admirable to the whole world for his elegant style, then for his wit. We humbly giue thanks to our Creator for giuing such a Prince to defend his Church, and this holy See, desiring the same God to grant to this his King a happy life, and all his desires, and after this life in his heauenly Kingdome, to keepe for him an euerlasting Crowne. And we so farre as wee are able to entreat of God, will neuer bee wanting to the said most wise King in the faculties granted to vs of God.

(40) To manifest which his readinesse, himselfe among his Cardinals decreed an augmentation vn∣to King Henries royall Stile to bee annexed vnto his others; confirming the same by his Bull which that it perish not by the deuouring teeth of Time, wee haue here published from the originall Parchment, and leaden seale it selfe, as followeth.

(41) Leo Episcopus seruus seruorū Dei, &c. Leo Bishop seruant of the seruants of God; to our most dearely be∣loued Sonne in Christ, Henry King of England defendor of the Faith, health and Apostolicall Benediction. Wee by diuine permission, the chiefe ouerseer for the gouern∣ment of the vniuersall Church, though vnsufficient for so great a worke, doe powre forth the cogitations of our heart, that the Catholike faith without which no man can attaine to saluation, may receiue continuall increase, and that those good lawes and constitutions decreed by the wisdome and learning of such as are in authority, especi∣ally the faithfull in Christ, for restraining the attempts of all that labour to oppresse the same, or by wicked lyes & fictions seeke to peruert and obscure it, may prosper with perpetuall increase, doe bestow our paines and vt∣most endeuour in our office and Ministery. And like as the Romane Bishops our Predecessors, were wont to shew especiall fauour to Catholike Princes (according as the quality of matters and timesrequired) especially to them that in troublesome times, when the madnesse and perfi∣dious dealing of Schismatikes and heretikes most of all a∣bound, did abide constant and vnmoueable, not onely in soundnesse of faith and pure denotion to the holy Romane Church, but also as the most legitimate sonnes and va∣liant Champions of the same, opposed themselues both with mind and body against the furious madnes of Schis∣matikes and heretikes: so likewise also doe wee desire to extoll your Maiesty with worthy and immortall prai∣ses, for your high and immortall deserts and labours to∣wards vs, and this holy See, wherein by Gods permission wee sit, to grant vnto it those things for which it ought to watch, and driue away the Wolues from the Lords flocke, and to cut off with the materiall sword rotten members, which infect the mysticall body of Christ, and to confirme the hearts of the faithfull in soundnesse of beliefe. Now where of late our beloued sonne Iohn Clarke your Maiesties Orator with vs, being in our Consistory before our venerable brethren of the holy Ro∣mane Church, the Cardinals and many other Prelates of the same, exhibited a booke vnto vs to bee examined and allowed of vs, which booke your Maiesties selfe (who doth all things with diligence and nothing amisse) en∣flamed with charity and zeale to the Catholike faith, and with ardent deuotion toward vs and this holy See, hath composed, as a most worthy and soueraigne Anti∣dote against the errors of diuers heretikes, often con∣demned by this holy See, and of late stirred vp and brought in by Martin Luther: And your said Orator hath also largely declared vnto vs, that your Maiesty is ready, and purposeth, like as you haue confuted the notori∣ous errors of the said Martin, by true reason and inuin∣cible authorities of sacred Scripture, and Ancient fathers, so you will punish to the vttermost of your power, all those of your whole Kingdome, that shall presume to follow, or defend them: and we haue diligently and exactly perused and viewed the admirable doctrine of your said booke, wa∣tered with the dew of heauenly Grace, and doe heartily thanke Almighty God, from whom euery good and perfect gift doth come, who hath vouchsafed to inspire your No∣ble mind, inclined to euery good thing, and to endue you with so great Grace from heauen, as to write those things; whereby you are able to defend his holy faith, against such a new Innouator of damned errors; and also incite by your example all other Christian Kings and Princes, to be willing to fauour and further with all their best aides the Orthodoxall faith, and Euangelicall truth, whensoe∣uer it bee brought into danger or doubt. And wee thinke it also meete, that they who haue vndertaken such godly labours for the defence of the faith of Christ, should haue all prayse and honour of vs; and wee are desirous, that not onely the things themselues which your Maiesty hath written, being both of most sound doctrine, and no lesse e∣loquence, should bee extolled and magnified with condigne commendations, and allowed and confirmed by our autho∣rity; but also that your Maiesty should bee graced with such an honour, and such a Title, as that both for our time and euer hereafter all men might perceiue how gratefull and acceptable this gift of your Maiesties hath been vnto vs, especially offered vnto vs now at this time. Wee, who be the true successors of Peter, whom Christ at his ascen∣sion into heauen left his Vicar on earth, and to whom hee committed the care of his flocke: We I say, who sit in this holy seate, from which all dignities and titles doe flow, vp∣on mature deliberation had with our said brethren about these things, haue by the generall agreement, and consent of them decreed, to bestow vpon your Maiestie this title, namely, THE DEFENDER OF THE FAITH. And accordingly by these Presents doe instile you with such a title, commaunding all faithfull Christians, that they name your Maiesty with this Title, and when they write to you, that after the Word KING, they adioine DEFENDER OF THE FAITH. And truely wee diligently considering and weighing your singular merits, were not able to bethinke vs of a name more worthy and conueni∣ent for your Maiesty, then the excellency and dignity of this Title, which so often as you shal heare and reade so of∣ten you may call to mind this your singular vertue and great desert, nor may you by this Title puffe vp your self in pride, but according to your wonted prudence become more humble, and bee more valiant and constant in the faith of Christ, and in denotion to this holy See, by which you haue beene exalted, reioycing in the Lord the giuer of all good things, leauing this as a perpetuall and immor∣tal monument of your glory to your children, shewing them the way vnto the like, that if they shall desire to be graced

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(55) Whilest these things were in working at Rome, arose great troubles in Ireland, the Kerns ca∣sting * 1.78 off all obedience, and killing the Kings subiects where they found them: against whom. Thomas Ho∣ward, Earle of Surrey, Lord Lieutenant of that kingdome, made foorth his power, and followed them himselfe with such danger of life, that the vi∣sor of his Helmet was shot off, as hee pursued the e∣nemy through the desert woods: but these Rebels cut off by his high valour, and warres proclaimed at one time against Scotland and France, the Lord Lieutenant was recalled into England; and Piers Butler Earle of Osorie made Deputie of Ireland in his stead; betwixt whom, and Girald Fitz-Girald, Earle of Kildare, whose sister hee had married, arose no * 1.79 little strife and debate, which grew to that height as King Henry sent Commissioners to trie and exa∣mine * 1.80 the differences, which was so cleered on Kil∣dares behalfe, that Osorie was discharged of his Of∣fice, and the Lord Fitz-girald sworne deputy in his place; whereat Cardinal Wolsey (whose hand chiefly steered all states affaires, a deadly enemy to the Earle of Kildare) was highly offended, and to vndermine the foundations of this his new Gouernment, gaue eare vnto Osorie, who accused the new deputie of many misdemeanors, among which these were the * 1.81 principall; that he winked at Desmonds escape whom he should haue attached by order from the King: that he grew ouer familiar with the natiue I∣rish; and that he put to death the Kings best sub∣iects: for these the Lord Deputie was commanded into England, in whose absence Osory his enemie was againe chosen Lord Deputie by the Kings Coun∣sell, but himselfe none of the wisest for polliticke Gouernment, was altogether therein ruled by his wife, and shee made it no courtesie to abuse her hus∣bands honour against her natural brothers folly: who now in England must answer his demeanour before the Lords of the Counsell, and to their Ta∣ble was hee brought, where the Cardinall Lord Chauncellor made his faults nothing lesse, and thus addressed himselfe against the Earle of Kildare.

(56) I wot well (my Lord) that I am not the meetest at this boord to charge you with these * 1.82 treasons, because it hath pleased some of your Pew-fellowes to report, that I am a professed ene∣my to all Nobilitie, and namely to the Giraldines: but seeing euery shrewd boy can say as much when he is controuled, and these points so weighty, that they should not be dissembled of vs; and so appa∣rant, that they cannot be denied of you: I must haue leaue (notwithstanding your stale slander) to be the mouth of these honourable Lords at this present, and to trumpe your treasons in your way, howsoeuer you take me. First you remember, how the lewde Earle of Desmund your kinseman (who passeth not whom he serueth might he change his Master) sent his Confederates with letters of cre∣dence vnto Francis the French King: and hauing but cold comfort there, went 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Charles the Em∣perour proffering the helpe of Mounster, and Co∣naught, towards the Conquest of Ireland, if either of them would helpe to win it from our King. How many letters, what precepts, what messages, what threats, haue beene sent you to apprehend him and yet not done? Why so? Forsooth I could not catch him? Nay, nay Earle, forsooth you would not watch him: If hee bee iustly suspected, why are you partiall in so great a charge? If not, why are you fearefull to haue him tried? Yea, for it will bee sworne and deposed to your face, that for feare of meeting him, you haue winked wilfully, shunned his sight, altered your course, warned your friends, stopped both eares and eies, against his detectors, and whensoeuer you took vpon you to hunt him out, then was he sure afore hand to be out of your walke. Surely, this iugling and false play, little became either an honest man called to such houour, or a Noble man put in so great trust: had you lost but a Cow or a Horse of your own, two hundred of your retainers would haue come at your Whistle to rescue the prey from the vtter∣most edge of Vlster: all the Irish in Ireland must haue giuen you the way. But in pursuing so need∣full a matter as this was; mercifull God, how nice, how dangerous, how wayward haue you beene? One while hee is from home, and ano∣ther while hee keepeth home, sometimes fled, sometimes in the Borders, where you dare not venture. Ywisse, my Lord, there bee shrewd bugges in the borders, for the Earle of Kildare to feare; the Earle, nay the King of Kildare: for when you are disposed, you raigne more like then rule in the land: where you are pleased the Irish foe standeth for a iust Subiect: hearts and hands, liues and lands are all at your courtesie: who faw∣neth not thereon, cannot rest within your smel, and your smell so rancke, that you tracke them out at pleasure.

Whilest the Cardinall was speaking, the Earle chafed and changed colour & at last brake out, and interrupted him thus.

(57)

My Lord Chauncellor I beseech you * 1.83 pardon me, I am short witted, and you I perceiue intend a long tale: if you proceed in this order, half my purgation wil be lost for lack of carriage: I haue no Schoole trickes, nor art of memory: except you heare me while I remember your words, your se∣cond processe will hammer out the former.

The Lords associate, who for the most part tenderly lo∣ued * 1.84 Kildare, and knew the Cardinall his manner of taunts so ready being inured there with many yeeres together▪ humblie besought his grace to charge him directlie with particulars, and to dwell in some one matter vntill it were examined throughly.

(58) That granted: It is good reason (quoth the Earle) that your Grace beare the mouth of this * 1.85 boord: but my Lord, those mouthes that put these things into your mouth, are very wide mouthes: such indeed as haue gaped long for my wracke: and now at length for want of better stuffe, are faine to fill their mouthes with smoake: what my Cosen Desmond hath compassed, as I know not, so I beshrew his naked heart for holding out so long. If he can be taken by mine agents that presentlie wait for him, then haue mine aduersaries bewrai∣ed their malice: and this heape of heinous wordes shall resemble a scarre-Crow, or a man of straw that seemeth at a blush to carry some proportion, but when it is felt and peized, discouereth a vanity seruing onely to feare Crowes: and I verily trust your honours shall see the proofe by the thing it selfe, within these few daies. But goe to: suppose he neuer be had? What is Kildare to blame for it mo•…•…e then my good brother of Osorie, who, not∣withstanding his high promises, hauing also the Kings power, is yet content to bring him in at lea∣sure? Cannot the Earle of Desmond shift but I must be of Counsell? Cannot he hide him except I winke? If he be close am I his mate? If he be frien∣ded am I a traitor? This is a doubtie kind of accu∣sation which they vrge against me, wherein they are stabelled and mired at my first deniall. You would not see him (say they): who made them so familiar with mine eie-sight? Or when was the Earle within my view? Or who stood by when I let him slip? Or where are the tokens of my wilfull hudwinke? But you sent him word to beware of you: who was the messenger? Where are the letters? Conuince my negatiu•…•…, see how loose this idle geare hangeth together. Desmond is not taken: well, you are in fault: why? Because you are: who proueth it? No body: What Conie∣ctures? So it seemeth: To whom? to your ene∣mies. Who told it them? They will sweare it. What other ground? None: Wil they 〈◊〉〈◊〉 it my Lord? why then of like they know it, either they haue mine hand to shew, or can being forth the messenger, or were present at a Conference, or pri∣uie

to Desmond, or some body bewraied it to them, or they themselues were my Carriers or vicege∣rents therein: which of these parts wil they choose, for I know them too well: To reckon my selfe conuict by their bare wordes, or headlesse sayings, or franticke oathes, were but meere mockerie. My letters were soone read, were any such writing ex∣tant; my seruants, and friends are ready to be sif∣ted: of my Cosen of Desmond they may lie loudly, since no man here can well contrary them. Touching my selfe I neuer noted in them much wit, or so fast faith, that I would haue gaged on their silence the life of a good hound, much lesse mine owne: I doubt not, may it please your honors to appose them, how they came to the knowledge of those matters which they are so ready to depose: but you shall find their tongues chained to another mans trencher, and as it were Knights of the Post, suborned to say, sweare and stare the vttermost they can, as those that passe not what they say, not with what face they say it, so they say no truth: but on the other side, it grieueth mee, that your good Grace, whom I take to bee wise and sharpe, and who of your blessed disposi∣tion wisheth mee well, should bee so farre gone in crediting these corrupt Informers that abuse the ignorance of your state and Country to my peril. Little know you (my Lord) how necessary it is, not onely for the Gouernour, but also for euery Nobleman in Ireland, to hamper the vnciuill neighbours at discretion, wherein if they waited for processe of law, & had not those liues and lands you speak of within their reach, they might hap to loose their own liues & lands without law. You hear of a case, as it were in a dream, & feele not the smart that vexeth vs. In England there is not a mean Subiect that dare extend his hand to fillip a Peere * 1.86 of arealm: In Ireland except the Lord haue cunning to his strength, and strength to saue his Crowne, and sufficient authority to take theeues and variets when they stir, he shall find them swarme so fast that it will bee too late to call for iustice. If you will haue our seruice take effect, you must not tie vs alwayes to these iudiciall proceedings wher∣with your Realme (thanked be God) is inured. Touching my kingdome, I know not what your Lordshippe should mean thereby; If your Grace imagine that a Kingdome consisteth in seruing God, in obeying the Prince, in gouerning with loue the common wealth, in supporting subiects, in suppressing rebels, in executing iustice, in bride∣ling blind affections, I would bee willing to bee inuested with so vertuous and roial a name: but if therfore you tearm me a King, in that you are per∣swaded that I repine at the gouernmēt of my soue∣raign, or winke at malefactors, or oppresse ciuil li∣uers: I vtterlydisclaim that odious term, maruelling greatly that one of your Graces profound wisdom would seeme to appropriate so sacred a name to so wicked a thing: but howsoeuer it bee (my Lord) I would you and I had changed Kingdomes, but for one moneth, I would trust to gather vppe more crummes in that space, then twice the reue∣newes of my poore Earledome: but you are well and warme, and so hold you, and vpbraide not mee with such an odious terme. I slumber in a hard Cabine, when you sleepe in a soft bedde of Downe: I serue vnder the Kings Cope of hea∣uen, when you are serued vnder a Canopie: I drinke water out of my skull when you drinke wine out of golden cups: my Courser is trained to the field, when your Gennet is taught to am∣ble: when you are graced & belorded, & crouched and kneeled vnto, then find I small grace with our Irish borderers, except I cut them off by the knees.

At these girds the Lord Chancellor much fretted, and finding Kildare to bee no babe, deferred the hea∣ring of his cause, till more proofes were produced from Ireland; then in a great fume hee arose from the Councell board, and committed the Earle vn∣to prison, against the minds of most at the Table, who knew well, that this his accusation was more of hatred borne by the Cardinall, then any occasi∣on * 1.87 giuen by the accused late Deputy. Whereupon Thomas Duke of Norfolke stept to the King, and cra∣ued that Kildare might bee his prisoner, offering to bee bound in goods and body for his forth com∣ming, whom hee obtained, though with no great liking of the L. Chancellor, who daily entertaind new plaints against him, till at last hee pressed him sore with letters sent to Oneale and Oconor, to encourage * 1.88 their rebellions against Osorie the Lord Deputy; which letters were brought them by his own daugh∣ter and their sisters, the Lady Elice Fitzgirald wife to the Baron of Slane.

(59) This presumption being vehement, the King suspitious, the Cardinall eager, and his friends faint, Kildare was sent to the Tower, where he com∣mitted himselfe to God, and expected dayly his * 1.89 death, but with such couragious resolution, as hee being in play with the Lieutenant at slide-groat, when the mandate was brought for his execution on the next morning, and seeing the Lieutenant strucke into a suddaine sadnesse; by Saint Bride, Lieutenant (quoth the Earle) there is some madde game in that scrowll; but fall how it will, this throw is for a huddle: and when the worst was told him, * 1.90 now I pray thee (quoth he) doe no more but learne assuredly from the Kings owne mouth, whether his Highnesse be witting thereto or no; the Lieute∣nant louing his prisoner well, repaired to the King, and shewed him the Cardinals warrant, who then controuled the sawcines of the Priest (for those were his tearmes) and gaue the Lieutenant his Signet for a countermand, whereat the Cardinall stormed, but Kildare deliuered from his eminent death, and not long after from his imprisonment also, was sent in∣to Ireland, where at his entrance into Dublin, he was * 1.91 met with a solemne procession, and so brought into the City; so welbeloued was this Earle abroad, and at home.

(60) But the French Kings fortunes were nothing so good, who was straitly imprisoned at Madrill in * 1.92 Spaine, and great suite made for his deliuerance, which notwithstanding would not be heard. The Queene mother then Regent of France, wise of her selfe, and forwarded by others, saw no better means to free her sonne the King, then to enter amity with England, which to accomplish, she solicited King * 1.93 Henry; working vpon the occasions then ministred, which was some vnkindnesse growne betwixt the English King, and the Emperour, the one of them more strange by the greatnesse of his fortunes, and the other in iealousie of lessening renowne. The sparkes of which Cinders were steared to flame, by * 1.94 Wolsey that euer was in the eare of the King: allead∣ging his potency, so much esteemed of all Christian Princes (a sound very tunable in Henries wide eare) would bee lesse regarded by the Emperours late vi∣ctory; who now beganne to carry himselfe with another respect, and neuer after that victory got∣ten subscribed his letters to King Henry, according to his accustomed manner, your Sunne and Cosen; but to the draught of his Secretaries, in fixed his hand with the word Charles and no more.

(61) These dislikes and other intercourses of State, drew Henry shortly to a peace with France. * 1.95 In the exemplification of which league the Veneti∣ans, and other Princes were left to their choise, whereof himselfe notwithstanding would bee stiled the Protector. And to his leaguer Ambassadors sent these instructions to moue the States to consi∣der * 1.96 the Emperours aspired greatnesse, who now commanded the Kingdomes of Naples, and Sicilie; the Dutchie of Millan, the Seigniorie of Ioan, the Countie of Ast, and other possessions in Italie, the whole Country of Germany, being the greatest * 1.97 part of Christendome, already either totally in his

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Enacted in the Church of Saint Peter in Anion. May 7, Anno 1530.

The Determination of the Vniuersity of Burges.

We the Deane and facultie of Diuinity, in the Vniuersi∣ty of Burges, after the example of Saint Paul the Doctor of the Gentiles, begin with praier to the quieting of the conscience, to whom this our writing shall come; the Que∣stion moued is whether the brother taking the wife of his dead brother, the marriage consummated, and perfect, be a thing lawfull or no. We by much labour and turning of Bookes, euery one of vs a part by himselfe, free from corruption, the better to obey the truth, finde it forbidden by the Leuiticall law which is Gods, and that such marri∣age is an abhominable discouering of his brothers shame, which cannot be allowed by the authority of any man: which our determination we haue caused to be signed with the seale of our faculty, the tenth day of Iune, and yeere of our Lord. 1530.

The opinions of the Diuines in the Vniuersity of Bonony.

All wee Doctors of Diuinity in this Vniuersity, vnto whom this Question was propounded, whether it was for∣bidden only by the Ordinance of the Church, or else by the Law of God, that a man might not marry the left wife of his brother departed without children, and hauing exami∣ned the matter euery one of vs alone, lastly came altoge∣ther, and as it were line by line, and rule by rule, brought forth the reasons for the contrary part, with those of the most Reuerend Father Cardinall Caietaine, yea and of the dispensation for raising vp seed to his brother, spoken of in Deuteronomie; thus we determine, giue iudgement, and say, and confidently doe hold and witnes that such marri∣age is horrible, accursed, and to be cried out vppon, and vt∣terly abhominable, not only for a Christian man, but for an Infidel vnfaithfull or heathen: and that it is prohibited vn∣der greeuous paines and punishments by the Law of God, of Nature, and of man, and that the Pope, though he may doe much, vnto whom Christ gaue the keies of the King∣dome of Heauen, hath no power to a dispensation to anie man to contract such marriage: In witnes whereof we con∣firme this our iudgement, both vnder the Seale of our V∣niuersity, as also with the Seale of our Colledge of Do∣ctors of Diuinity, and haue substribed it in the Cathedrall Church of Bonony this tenth of Iune, the yeere of our Lord. 1530.

The determination of the Vniuersity of Padua.

Seeing that certaine great Orators and Ambassadors did humbly require of vs, that wee would vouchasafe to search out with all diligence this question following, whe∣ther to marry the wife of our brother departed without children is forbidden onely by the Law of the Church, or by the Law of God also: and if forbid by both the Lawes, whether the Pope may dispence with any man for such Matrimony or no? which Question we haue discussed and as farre as we can, haue made it cleere, both priuate euery man by himselfe and after al together openly, we say, iudge, decree, witnesse, and for truth affirme, that such marriage is no marriage: yea and that it is abhorred and cursed of euery Christian man, and to be abominate as a greeuous sinne, and that it is cleerely forbidden vnder cru∣ell penalty by the Lawes of nature, of God, and of man, and that the Pope vnto whom the keies of the Kingdome of Heauen are committed by Christ the Sonne of God hath no power to dispense by the right of Law for any cause, suggestion, or excuse, that any such Matr•…•…ny should be contracted. In witnesse whereof wee 〈◊〉〈◊〉 made this writing, and haue authorized it, with the accustomed Seale of our Vniuersity, dated at Padua in the Church of the Heremites of Saint Augustine the first of Iuly, and yeere of our Lord. 1530.

The determination of the Vniuersity of Tholouze.

It was treated in our Vniuersity of Tholouze: whe∣ther it were lawfull for a brother to marry her which had beene wife to his brother now departed, and without chil∣dren: as also whether the Pope which hath the cure of Christs flocke allowing it by his dispensation, it be lawful: to resolue which, the best Doctors of Diuinity, and the Laws, did sweare that they would obey the sacred Coun∣sels, and would follow the holy Decrees of the Fathers, and falling to conclusion stucke fast vpon this point, that it is lawfull for no man, neither by the Law of God, nor by the Law of nature, to take her to wife that his brother hath left: neither can the Pope dispence with this law of God: as touching the commandement in Deuteronomy that the brother should marry his wife to raise vp seede vnto him, that his name should not perish among the Tribes of Isra∣el, we answere that that Law was but a shadow and figure of things to come, which vanished away as soon as the sub∣stance of the Gospell appeared. Thus haue we giuen our sentence, which wee haue signed with our Authenticall Seale of this Vniuersity. Yeouen at Tholouze, the Calends or first day of October, the yeere of our Lord, 1530.

These and many more were read by the Lord Chauncellor vnto the lower house of Parliament that they might report in their countries, the Kings iust cause of diuorse. To forward which (as was thought) Cardinall Wolsey the said Lord Chancellor was sent Ambassadour into France, laden with * 5.1 Crownes, as Guicchardine saith, and with surpassing Pompe as London behelde, who with 900. Horse passed the Bridge toward Douer, and so into France.

But rumors in England still spreading of the good Queens diuorse, about a yeere after, K. Henry to satis∣fie * 5.2 all, sent for his Nobles, his Councellers, Iudges, * 5.3 and many wise Commoners vnto whom he made a most pithy Oration, shewing them with what

care he had ruled almost twenty yeeres with ho∣nour and victory, which as he said, would shortly be clouded, if he should die and leaue them a liti∣gious * 5.4 Heire, examples he shewed of the wofull ex∣perience of Lancaster and Yorke, in whose dissenti∣ons the Realme was like to haue beene vtterly de∣stroied: and although (saith he) we haue a daugh∣ter to the great comfort of her mother and me, yet it is told vs by great Clearkes, our marriage is not lawful, but that she stands in case of illegitima∣tion; * 5.5 and we both, are said to liue in abomina∣ble Adultery; thinke you (my Lords) that these words doe not touch my very soule, the perill whereof we venture, as you doe also your inheri∣tance, for which cause I haue asked counsell of the greatest Clearkes in Christendome, and haue like∣wise heard the opinion of mine owne. But as tou∣ching the Queene, if it bee iudged by the Law of God that she is my lawfull wife, there shall be no∣thing more acceptable vnto mee, whose noble * 5.6 conditions, I assure you, (besides her great Parentage) is most gentle, louing and obedient, whereof I haue had a true experience almost these twenty yeeres: and were I to choose a wife (if the marriage might stand with Gods Law) my Choise should be of her, before any other woman in the world, and if it shall otherwise be prooued, I shall not onely be most sorrowfull for parting with so louing a companion, but much more haue occasi∣on to lament my chaunce, and life in so foule a sin; these then are the sores that torments my minde, for the sauing of my soule, and for which cause I haue heere assembled you, that you may declare to our louing Subiects this our true meaning, and to stay if it may be the rumors of vnstaied reports:

and this being said, he let them to depart, each man bewraying in countenance the affection of his mind, some pittying the King to see him so perplexed, some fauouring the Queene sorrowed her case, and some

sighed deepely at this strange speech and sudden al∣teration.

(68) But the Cardinall of Yorke fearefull to wade too farre alone in these troubled waters, desired the * 5.7 assistance of the learned in the Realme, and thereto got the Kings licence, which with his Legatine au∣thority, commanded many learned men both Di∣uines & Lawyers, from Oxford and Cambridge, with the presence of many Bishoppes besides. These assembled at London, were shewed the Instruments and Seales of many forraine vniuersities, all of them disabling the marriage, and holding the dispensati∣on (allowing it) vnlawfull: but because that string * 5.8 could not bee touched without sound of reproch to the Pope, as also to cleare the King from calumni∣ous reports; it was thought fittest to send the saide instruments to Rome, whereunto these so appoin∣ted set their owne seales, with an humble request to his Holinesse, that an indifferent Iudge might be sent them, to determine this great and strange cause of the King; which was so followed by his Ambas∣sadors in the Popes Court, that Lawrence Campeius a Cardinall of great credite and wisdome, from their * 5.9 Consistory was sent into England, vnto whom, wise Wolsey Cardinall of Yorke was ioined in commission, with power to erect a Court, to heare the cause pleaded, & to giue sentence definitiue, as they found the equity of law.

(69) To that end therefore a place was ordained at the Blacke-fryers in London, and the King with the Queene remoued themselues vnto his palace of * 5.10 Bridewell neere adioining, whence ere long they were summoned by Processe personally to appeare in Court, which accordingly they did, hauing seueral seates ordained vnder clothes of estate, mounted somewhat higher then the two Cardinals, the Pre∣sidents, vnder whose feet sate the Scribes and other Officers; the Court being framed Consistory∣wise, was furnished with Bishoppes, Doctors, Law∣yers, and learned Counsellors, in most solemne wise: the Doctors for the King, were Simpson and Bell, and his Proctors Peter and Tregonell: for the Queene were Fisher, Standish, and Ridley, a very little man but a great Diuine, the Court thus set, and Commission read, the Cryer called the King, by the name of King Henry to come into the Court, who forthwith answered and said, Here. Then was the Queene called by the name of Queene Katherine to come into the Court, who made no answere at all, but presently rose vp, and going about the Court to the King, fell down on her knees, before his feet, and in the hearing of the people spake thus in effect.

Sir, I desire you to take some pitty vpon mee, * 5.11 and doe mee Iustice and Right: I am a poore wo∣man, a stranger borne out of your Dominions, hauing here no indifferent Councell, and lesse as∣surance of friendshippe. Alasse, wherein haue I offended, or what cause of displeasure haue I gi∣uen, that you intend thus to put mee away? I take God to my Iudge, I haue beene to you a true and humble wife, euer conformable to your will and pleasure, neuer gaine-saying any thing wherein you tooke delight, without all grudge or discon∣tented countenance; I haue loued all them that lo∣ued you, howsoeuer their affections haue beene to mee ward, I haue borne you children, and bin your wife now this twenty yeers, of my virginity and marriage bed, I make God and your own conscience the Iudge, and if it otherwise bee pro∣ued, I am content to bee put from you with shame. The King your Father in his time for wis∣dome was knowne to bee a second Salomon, and Ferdinando of Spaine my Father, accounted the wisest among their Kings; could they in this match bee so farre ouerseene, or are there now wiser and more learned men, then at that time were? surely, it seemeth wonderfull to mee that my marriage after twenty yeeres should bee thus called in question with new inuention against me who neuer intended but honesty. Alasse Sir, I see I am wronged, hauing no Counsell to speake for me, but such as are your Subiects, and cannot bee indifferent vpon my part. Therefore I most humbly beseech you, euen in Charity to stay this course, vntill I may haue aduise and counsel from Spaine; if not, your Graces pleasure be done.

And * 5.12 therewithall rising, and making lowly obeysance to the King, departed thence, leaning vpon the Arme of her receiuer, each man expecting shee had re∣turned to her seat, when as shee tooke directlie out of the place; which being perceiued, the Cryer a∣gaine called her by the name of Queene Katherine to come into the Court; Madam quoth her guid, you are againe called; on, on, said shee, it maketh no mat∣ter, this is no indifferent Court for me; therfore goe forward.

(70) The King perceiuing that she was departed, presently spake thus vnto the assembly.

I will * 5.13 (quoth hee) in her absence declare before you all, that shee hath beene to mee a most true, obedient and comfortable wife, endued with all vertuous qualities and conditions, according to her birth; and in lowlinesse equals any of baser estate.

With that Cardinall Wolsey made vnto the King an hum∣ble request, that his Maiesty would bee pleased to declare before that honourable audience, whether hee had beene the causer of this his intended di∣uorce, wherewith hee was charged in the opinions of the people.

My Lord Cardinall quoth the King, I can well excuse you in this, and rather affirme that you * 5.14 haue beene against mee, in attempting it thus far: but the chiefest motiue for this matter, was the scruple of conscience, conceiued vpon certaine words spoken by the Bishop of Bayon, the French Ambassador, sent from the King to conclude a marriage betwixt Prince Henry his second sonne, Duke of Orleance, and our onely daughter Lady Mary, which Bishoppe made doubt, and desired respite to bee satisfied for the legitimation of our said daughter, in respect of our marriage with this woman, being my owne brothers wife, which pre∣sently engendred such scruples and doubts in me, that my conscience hath beene continually vexed, lest by continuing in that sinne after knowledge, I * 5.15 draw Gods indignation against me, which I feare wee haue already done in that hee hath sent vs no Issue male, and them that were begot in this nup∣tiall bed, no sooner came into the world, but were taken againe thence, and hopelesse now of more issue by her, it behoueth me to consider the state of this Realme, and the danger that may follow for lacke of a lawfull Prince to succeed. This bur∣den too weighty for my weake conscience (not in any dislike of the Queenes age, or person, with whom I desire onely to continue, if our marriage may stand with the law of God) I haue in this place assembled you our graue Prelates, and lear∣ned Diuines, to determine of, and will God wil∣ling submit my selfe to your iudgements. My doubts in this case I moued in confession to you my Lord of Lincolne, and ghostly father, whereof your selfe being somwhat trobled, said you would aske counsell of you all my Lords. Then of you my Lord of Canterbury being Metropolitane, I got licence to put the matter in question, to which gra•…•… you all put your seales, as here in this Court the same is to bee seene.

True it is, said the Lord of Canterbury, and I doubt not but that all my bre∣thren here present will acknowledge the same. Not so my Lord said the Bishoppe of Rochester, you ne∣uer had my hand to that Instrument, nor neuer shal. Indeed said Canterbury you did it not your selfe, but admitted m•…•…e to subscribe your name, and allowed * 5.16 mee your Seale; vnder your correction said Roche∣ster that is not so; Well, well, (quoth the King) you are but one man, against whom at this time we will not dispute, and so rose vp, and the Court adiourned

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ned to England; but he tooke his way towards the Emperour (to whom the cause somewhat apper∣tained) being then at Vienna in his expedition against the Turke, vnto whose learned men he offered dis∣putation, and in priuate conference so satisfied Corne∣lius * 5.17 Agrippa, the most respected for learning in the Emperours Court, as he held the Proposition most true. Whereupon others learned were discouraged to dispute, and suffered Cranmer to depart without a∣ny further proceedings.

(80) The matter thus manifested in most parts of Christendome, this Gordians knot was lastly vnloo∣sed by King Henrie himselfe, who now besides this his marriage, beganne to call in question, what au∣thority the Pope had in his dominions; which being afterwards debated in Parliament, an Act passed a∣gainst * 5.18 his vsurped Hierarchy, and all persons forbid∣den to appeale, or to make any paiments vnto Rome. The Kings marriage with Lady Katherine, was * 5.19 by the same Parliament dissolued, and his separati∣on from her, made by the Archbishop of Canter∣burie to stand good, and effectuall by Law, and that Queene Katherine from thenceforth should be cal∣led * 5.20 Princesse Dowager, which doings shee tooke so to hart, as shee procured the Popes curse against King * 5.21 Henrie, and his Realme, which curse was set vp at Dunkirke in Flaunders, for that the bringer thereof durst come no neerer. And the Pope in reuenge of himselfe, being set in his Consistory accompanied * 5.22 with his Cardinals, proceeded to the Censure of these great Princes marriage, which he then adiudged * 5.23 to stand most firme and Canonicall, and enioyned King Henry to hold matrimoniall society with the said Katherine his lawfull wife and Queene, and in that estate to account and maintaine her as it became a King and louing husband to doe, and if he refused to accomplish these premisses, then to be compelled thereunto, and neuer after to be heard in any Court as touching the inualiditie of the said marriage, and * 5.24 to pay the expences of the said trauerse, as he the ho∣ly father should limit and thinke meete. This was done a yeere after that the King had married Queen Anne, and bare date from Rome, the 23. of March and yeere of Christ 1534. For in the meane while King Henry had set his affection vpon the Lady Anne * 5.25 Bullen, a Phenix indeed in his Princely eye,, and ano∣ther Hester for Englands saluation, both in her selfe and roiall Bud succeeding, as the heauens and world doe witnes to this day. Shee was the daughter of Sir Thomas Bullen Viscount Rochford, Earle of Wilt∣shire, * 5.26 and of Ladie Elizabeth, daughter of Thomas Howard Duke of Norfolke. This Earle Thomas her father was the sonne of Sir William Bullen, whose wife was Lady Margaret, the second daugh∣ter and Coheire of Thomas Butler Earle of Ormond, and the said Sir William was the sonne of Sir Godfrey Bullen Lord Maior of London, who lieth buried in * 5.27 Saint Laurence Church in the Iewrie, pictured in his winding sheete vpon a Plate of Brasse, and about his Graue-stone vpon a border of brasse in many places these words are written, Now thus, Now thus, Now thus, whose Charity was extended vpon the poore housholders of that Citie, in distributing a∣mong them a thousand pounds. His Lady was Anne, eldest daughter and Coheire vnto Thomas Lord H•…•… and Hasting, and his discent out of the house of the Bullens, an ancient Family in the Coun∣tie of Norfolke; accursed therefore be the pen, that * 5.28 slanderously bringeth this rose from a defiled Bed, whose Serpents mouth to vphold his God the Pope, hath spewed out his poison of vntruthes, and made his tongue a sharpe sword against the Lords annoin∣ted; let him therefore receiue his portion with the Serpent of deceit, and his reward with Satan the fa∣ther of Lies.

(81) This Ladies religion was different from all Papall indulgences, imbracing the Gospell that then * 5.29 began in our vulgar language to bee read, for which cause saith Sleidan she was accounted a Lutheran, cause * 5.30 enough to bee enuied at, by the Bishops of that time.

(82) Her, the King inuested Marchionesse of Pembroke with Mantle and Coronet, both in regarde * 5.31 of her Nobilitie and many vertues (for so runne the wordes of her Patent) which done, he tooke the seas, for France, accompanied with such a traine of his Nobles, as the like had not been seen, and among * 5.32 many Ladies Anne Bullen was one, where hee com∣plained to the French King of the great wrongs offe∣red him by the dull Pope as hee called him; who * 5.33 would haue Kings in person to attend his leasure at Rome, and contrary to their Kingly dignities, to ex∣pose themselues and affaires at his will there, to bon∣dage and great danger; and therefore he earnestly requested that the Pope might bee summoned to a Councell, to answere the many abuses that hee had offered vnto most of the Princes in Christendome, and vnto himselfe not the least; who for his part had * 5.34 allowed him threescore thousand Angels monethly to maintaine an Army for his deliuerance out of the Castle of Angell; where the Emperials vnder the Prince of Orenge kept him. Which his businesse be∣ing ended in France, and the King againe returned * 5.35 into England, he presently (though priuily) married the said Lady Marchionesse in his Closet at White-hall, in the presence of many; the Lady Anne Sauage bearing her Traine, * and Doctor Lee doing the rites of their coniunction, who was afterwards con∣secrated Bishop of Chester, Couentree and Lichfield, and President of Wales.

(83) The Romanists much fearing that Babel would downe, if Queene Anne might bee heard a∣gainst wicked * 5.36 Haman, sought to vnderproppethe foundations thereof, with certaine deuises of their owne; and that the same might passe without note of suspition, they laid their forgery euen vpon Heauen it selfe; whose pretended Oracle Eliza∣beth Barton (commonly called, the holy maide of * 5.37 Kent) was made to bee; and the pillers of this god∣lesse Fabricke were Edward Bocking, a Moncke by profession, and doctor of Diuinity, Richard Masters, Parson of Aldington, the Town wherein she dwelt, * 5.38 Richard Deering a Monke, Hugh Rich a Frier, Iohn Adestone, and Thomas Abell, Priests, put to their hel∣ping handes, and Henrie Gould Bachelour of Diuini∣ty, with Iohn Fisher the Reuerend father of Rochester, imploied their paines to daube these downe-falling * 5.39 walles, with their vntempered Morter. The Scribes that set their pens for her Miracles, were Edward Thwaites Gentleman, and Thomas Lawrence Register, besides Hankherst a Monke who writte a letter that was forged to bee sent her from Heauen; and Ri∣chard Risby and Thomas Gould, were the men which dispersed her Miracles abroad to the world. This holy maide Elizabeth made a Votarisse in Canterbury, was taught by Bocking her Ghostly Father, and sus∣pected Paramour, to counterfeit many fayned tran∣ces, * 5.40 and in the same to vtter many vertuous words for the rebuke of sinne, vnder which, more freely shee was heard against Luthers Doctrine, and the Scriptures translation, then desired of many: nei∣ther so onely, but that shee gaue foorth from God, and his Saints, by sundry suggestiue Reuelations, * 5.41 that if the King proceeded in his diuorce, and second marriage, he should not raigne in his Realme one moneth after, nor rest in Gods fauour the space of an houre. But the truth discouered by Gods true Ministers, this Oracle gaue place as all other such * 5.42 did, when Christ by his death stopped their lying mouthes: for her selfe and * 5.43 seuen of her Disciples were executed for Treason at Tiborne, and the o∣ther sixe put to their fines and imprisonment. With the like counterfeit reuelations and fained predicti∣ons this Generation of Hypocrites had brought Edward Lord Stafford, Duke of Buckingham vnto his vnhappy ende, when as by the working of Iohn de la Court, his own Confessor, together with Nicolas Hop∣kins a Monke of the Carthusian Order, in the Priorie * 5.44

of Henton in Somersetshire, who by his visions from heauen forsooth, heartned him for the Crown; but * 5.45 before his owne Coronet could aspire to that toppe, hee worthily lost both head and all vpon Tower-hill for his treason, Ann. Dom. 1521. Vnto such sinnes the world was then subiect, and into such conceites their reputed holines had brought them, * 5.46 not onely among the simple and vnlettered, but e∣uen with them that seemed to bee learned indeed: for by certaine predictions foreshewing a great de∣luge, Prior Bolton of Saint Bartholmewes in London * 5.47 was so fearefull, that hee built him a house vpon the height of Harrow hill, storing it with prouisions necessary, to keepe himselfe from drowning, in A. D. 1524.

(84) But the Popes Holinesse fearing the euent of the game, if euery man might set and cast at his * 5.48 Crowne, thought it high time to lay hand on his own State, and to keepe what was left, lestal would bee gone; to which end he sollicited many Christian Princes to stand on his part, and among them sent his Brief vnto Iames the fift king of Scotland, desiring his assistance against King Henry of England, whom in * 5.49 his Consistory hee had pronounced to bee an Here∣tike, a Schismatike, a manifest Adulterer, a publike murtherer, a committer of Sacrilege, a Rebell, and * 5.50 conuict of Laesae Maiestatis, for that hee had risen a∣gainst him who was his Lord. And therefore he had iustly depriued him of his said Kingdom, and would dispose the same to him and other Princes: so as * 5.51 they would assist to recouer the same, a very good prouision, and very well foreseene; for notwith∣standing these boisterous blasts from Rome, the King kept his Crowne, and was rather feared of the Popes best Abetters, then did feare any potent power that the world could afford, whose thoughts were now busied for the Coronation of his Queen.

(85) For Queene Anne conceiued, and perceiued with Child, her royall Coronation was forthwith * 5.52 prepared, which with all royall obseruances vpon the first of Iune, being Whitsunday was performed; and the seuenth of September following, shee bare into the world that excellent Princesse, which af∣terwardes * 5.53 proued the mirrour of the world, euen Lady ELIZABETH, our late and most famous Queene.

(86) True it is, that the zealous conuersation of this godly Queene gaue great encouragements vnto many, more publikely with boldnes to professe the Gospell; so that the Ministers formerly fled in case * 5.54 of Religion, returned againe into England, where the new Testament (translated by Tyndall) was read, but with such dislikes to the Bishoppes, that they got it to be burnt. Notwithstanding, to tickle the Kings eare, they preached against the Popes supre∣macy, and tooke the oath for the King themselues; abolished his authority by Act of Parliament, and * 5.55 suppressed many Monasteries; leauing their reue∣newes to the Kings will; faire introductions indeed for what they intended, as the sequell of the sixe Articles by them procured, doth manifestly shew: and those purposely made against the maintainers of the Gospell, whereof Queen Anne was the chiefe, * 5.56 who first was most fauourable to those learned Di∣uines, that laide mans saluation vpon the Rocke Christ, next in procuring a tolleration from the king for them, whose doctrine did daily vndermine the Papall foundation: & lastly, she by no means would consent to marry the King, vntill a lawfull diuorce was had for his separation from Lady Katherine; his brother Arthurs wife, which thing this Pope greatly withstood: these were causes sufficient to moue his Holinesse to bend his brow, and by his Instruments in Court to cutte off the principal mo∣uer, who foreslowing no time tooke the Ball before his rebound.

(87) For the Queene deliuered of a dead Child, * 5.57 and the Kings affection wandring elsewhere, gaue them occasion to worke on that Subiect, which God in his wisdome would haue downe, lest his deliue∣rance from the bondage of darkenesse should be at∣tributed * 5.58 to any fleshly arme, or that shee who then sate in the throne of the worlds full felicity, should fixe her senses on so fickle a Center, who hauing had experience what it was to bee a Prince, must henceforth practise the patience of a poore prisoner, which in the third yeere of her marriage, and se∣cond of May, to act the wofull Scene of her Tra∣gedy, shee came vpon the Stage, being sent to the Tower of London, and charged with high Treason against the King: at whose first entrance shee fell on her knees before Thomas Audley Lord Chancellor, * 5.59 the Duke of Norfolke; and Thomas Cromwell Secre∣tary her bringers, desiring God so to helpe her as sne was guiltlesse of those things whereof shee was ac∣cused, beseeching those Lords to bee Petitioners vnto his Maiesty in her behalfe, who lamenting her case, left her Prisoner with Sir William Kingston Con∣stable of the place.

(88) I will in no wise excuse her guilt, hauing had iudgement and death by law, though others, and that vpon iust occasions before mee haue done, but will speake from them what they haue said; and namely one, that wrote thereof vnto a worthy and reuerent person; in whose defence his wordes are these: I•…•…seemeth very plaine, that the crimes supposed * 5.60 against this Christian Queène Anne, were matters contriued by the deuise of the Pope, and his Instruments her enemies. None of them all that were accused in the same Treason, confessing the Act euen vnto death, but haue left direct Testimonies in writing to the contrary; one meane Groome excepted, namely Marke Smeton, made confession vpon some promise of life belike, but had his head cut off before hee was aware, or had time to re∣call what he had said. The like did Cromwell the Se∣cretary * 5.61 signifie to the King, after the prisoners had beene throughly examined in the Tower by the Councell, who wrote thus in his letter on the same day; many things haue been obiected, but nothing confessed, onely some circumstances haue been ac∣knowledged by Marke. And so doth Cranmer Arch∣bishoppe of Canterbury in his letter of comfort vnto * 5.62 the King, who sore lamented that such a starre was fallen, if her gilt could bee proued, and willed his Highnesse to stand in defence of the Gospell as shee had done, without any report of confessing or ac∣knowledging any such Acts as were obiected, which as Sleidon writeth, were Adultery, and incest, but vn∣iustly (saith he) as it is supposed and proued since: With * 5.63 her were executed certaine Gentlemen of the Kings Pri∣uie Chamber, namely, Norris, Weston, Brewton, and one Marks, which contrary to his conscience (as it is reported) for hope of preferment subscribed to a bill, whereby hee * 5.64 condemned both himselfe and all the rest.

(89) For vpon the seuenth of May, her brother George Bullen Lord Rochford, for his supposed offence with these foure before named, were all of them be∣headed vpon the Tower hill, but none of them confessing the Action; I haue heard it reported that Rochford the Queenes brother comming to her bed side to solicite a suite, leaned thereupon to whisper her in the eare; which the Spials gaue forth that hee did so, to kisse the Queen, howsoeuer, they are dead, and the Queene must die, who two dayes before * 5.65 had beene arraigned in the Tower, the Duke of Norfolke being her Iudge; to her inditement shee answered so effectually, that shee seemed to cleare * 5.66 all matters laid to her charge; yet was shee found guilty, and vpon the nineteenth day of May; was brought to a Scaffold erected on the Greene within the saide Tower, where, in presence of many no∣ble men, the Lord Mayor of London, the Shiriffes, and some principall commoners, shee is said to haue spoken these words in their presence.

(90) Good Christian people, I am come hither * 5.67 to die; for according to the Law, and by the Law * 5.68 I am iudged to death, and therefore I will speake nothing against it; I come hither to accuse no

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yee shall be iudged heereafter to be shedars of some of Cry∣styn blood, and destroiers of your euyn Crysten. From Robart Aske chiefe Captaine of the Comynalty assem∣bled in pilgrimage, For the Barony and Cominalty of the same.

By mee Robert Aske yn the name of all the Comynalty and Ba∣rony.

Of such terrour and haughty spirit was this Cap∣taine * 5.69 Aske, that when Lancaster an Herald at Armes, was sent to declare the Kings message in Pomfret Castle (which the Rebels had got by surrender from the Lord Darcy) hee so blustred out his answers, that the daunted man excusing himselfe to bee but a messenger, fell before him on his knees; till the Archbishop of Yorke tooke him vp, saying, it was not beseeming the Coate hee wore, to prostrate to any, but onely to his Soueraigne. Reade likewise if * 5.70 you please this strange Mandate from some meane man among them; the false suggestion that they pos∣sessed the ignorant with, and the Oath whereunto these holy Pilgrimes were sworne, as I finde them recorded by themselues in these very words.

To the Commyns of Hawkeside parish Bailiffs, or Constables, with all the Hamlets of the same.

Welbeloued we greet you well, and whereas our brother Pouerty, and our brother Rogers, goith forward, is openly for the aide & asistance of your faith, and holy Church, and for the reformation of such Abbeys and Monasteries, now dissolued and subpressed without any Iust cause. Where∣fore gudde brethers, For asmuch as our sayd brederyn hath send to vs for ayde and helpe, wee doe not onely effectualy desire you, but also vnder the paine of deadly sinne wee comaunde you and euery of you, to bee at the stoke Greene beside Hawkeside-kirke, the Saturday next being the xxviij. day of October by xi. of the Clokke, in your best array: as you will make aunswer before the heigh Iudge at the dreadfull day of Dome, and in the payne of pulling downe your Houses, and leasing of your gudds, and your bodies to be at the Capteyns will: For at the place afore∣said, then and there, yee and we, shall take further directi∣on concerning our faith, so farre decayed, And for gudde and laudable Customes of the Country, And such naughty inuentions and strange Articles now accepted and admitted, so that our said brother bee subdued, they are lyke to goe furthwards to vtter vndoing of the Com∣myn welth.

(97) And the more to drawe forward the rude multitude which were forward enough of them∣selues, * 5.71 they set forth in writing these slanderous vn∣truths against the King.

• 1 The first is that no infant shall receyue the blessed Sacrament of Baptisme, bott onlesse an try∣bett to bee payd to the King.
• 2 The second is that no man vnder xx¹. Landes shall eyte no brede made of Wheate, ner Capon, chekyn, gois, ner pigge, bott onlesse to pay a trybett to the King.
• 3 The third is that for euery ploghe land the King will haue en trybett, with other diuerse ex∣treme vrgent causes, and hertely fareye well.

The Oath of the holy Pilgrimes.

Ye shall nat enter into this our Pilgrimage of Grace for the Commyn welth, but only for the loue that you doe * 5.72 bere vnto Almyghty Godde, his faith, and to holy Churche militant, the maintenance thereof, to the preseruation of the Kings person, his issew, to the purifying of Nobilitie, and to expulse all vilayne blode, and euill Councellers a∣gaynst the Commyn welthe, from his Grace and the priuie Counsel of the same, and that ye shall nat enter into oure said Pilgramege, for no particuler proffite to your selfe, nor to doe no displeasure to no pri•…•…ey person, but by Coun∣cell for the Commyn welthe, ner slee, ner murder for no enuye, but in youre hertts put away all feare and dread, and take afore you the Crosse of Criste, and in your herts his faith, the restitution of the Churche, the subpression of these Herytyks, and their opynyons, by all the holle contents of this Booke.

And for the obseruation of this Oath, heare ano∣ther commande of the Commissioners, as we find it recorded.

To the Bayliffes and Communes of the Towne of Skarboro.

Welbelouyd, we Francys By god Knyghte, and Iohn Ha∣lom yoman, in the name of all the Communes, commande anacharde you, that ye assemble your selues together medi∣ately vpon recepete hereof, and so take thys othe wychys we here send vnto yow, and then after in all haste possible to assist and hayde theis ower brethern, wome wee sende to you to keepe, and make sure the Castell, Towne, and Port of Skarboro, that no man enter into the same Castell, that belongys vnto Rafe Euers the yonger Knyghte, nor a∣ny outher whiches did not take full parte with the Com∣munes, at ower first and last assemblynge in whoys name, aethority, or attorney soeuer they cume, vnlesse they haue licence of all the communes, in like manner, yee shall truely keepe all sichys ordinance, and shippe to the vse of the Com∣munes, wythe wyches wee charde you at our late being here, and thys not to faile, vpon payne of yower lyues, yee shall refer credence vnto thys messyngeres, thus in hast: Fare yee well, from Settrynton this Mondaye Sancte Mawris daye.

Francis Bigott Knight in the name, and by Commandement of al the Communes.

Against these rout of Rebels, George Earle of Shrewsbury, not staying for the Kings commission * 5.73 mustred his men, misdeemed of many, that he meant to be a Pilgrime himselfe, vnto which suspectors hee made a loyall Oration, disclaiming all intention a∣gainst their attempts, how colourable so euer they laid their pretence; which done he caused his Chap∣len to minister him an Oath of his loyaltie, before them in the Field. It was likewise reported that the Earle of Darby was set forward towards them, whome the Pilgrimes well hoped would haue sided * 5.74 with them, as by their mandate sent to the Brethren appeares, where is forbid that none of them should aide him, vnlesse he tooke the Oath: which he neuer meant to assay or sweare to.

(98) But true it is the King sent Thomas Duke of Norfolke, Lord Generall against them, accompanied * 5.75 with the Marquesse of Excester, the Earles of Hun∣tingdon and Rutland; who ioining their powers made towards Doncaster, where the Rebels then lay in their Randiuou; in whose sight immediately they set vp their Tents, and determined battell vpon the next day; but on the night betwixt, such fluds of water fell, that the riuer Dun ouerflowed his bancke, and admitted no passage ouer the Bridge, which thing was taken as a token from God; and thereupon the Lord Generall offered them Conference, allea∣ging that the King was tender of his Subiects liues, * 5.76 and very vnwilling to shed Christian blood: that their cause should be fauourably heard, and iust com∣plaints redressed, if with submission and duty of Subiects, they would yeeld themselues & affaires to the Kings mercy; that this their rebellious procee∣dings, was not onely the forerunning messenger of destruction to themselues and partakers, but gaue also a great aduantage vnto the Scots, the dangerous enemie vnto the Land, and them all: with these and the like perswasions the matter was so forwarded, that a conference was appointed at Doncaster, and foure pledges were sent from the Lord General vnto

the Commons, for the safe returnes of their assigned Commissioners, which were these by name.

• Lord Neuill.
• Lord Darcy.
• Lord Stressre.
• Lord Lumley.
• Lord Latimer.
• Sir Thomas Percy.
• Sir George Darcy.
• Robert Aske Captaine.
• Sir Raufe Clayer, Seni.
• Sir Raufe Clayer Iun.
• Sir Raufe Euers.
• Sir William Constable.
• Sir Raufe Constable.
• Sir Rich: Tempest.
• Sir Raufe Romemer.
• Sir William Eustan.
• Sir George Lawton.
• Sir Thomas Hylton.
• M. Robert Constable.
• M. Richard Banner.
• M. Wiseroppe.

Whose Articles and demands were these, as fol∣loweth. * 5.77

The instruction for Sir Thomas Hilton and other Companyons.

• 1 First to declare to the Duke of Norfolke, and other the Lordys, that thentent of our meeting of our par∣tie, * 5.78 surely is meant and thought of assured troth, without any manner of disceyte, or male engyne.
• 2 The second is to receiue the Kinges s•…•…ecundyth, vnder the Brode Seale of Englonde, and to deliuer our s•…•…ecundyth, and promise, vndre owre hands, for the Lordys there.
• 3 The thirde to entreate of owre generall perdon, for all causys, and all persons, which be within the Realme, wyche in herte, word, or deed assentyd, edyter procured, the furtherance in this our quarrell, may be pardoned life, lands, goods; and that in the sayd perdon, nor other the Kings records, we be not witon reputed; ne taken, as Re∣bylleous or tretors, nor rehersyd in the same.
• 4 The fourth that Thomas Cromwell, nor any of his bande or serte, bee not at owre metyng at Doncastre, but abcente themselfe from the Councell.
• 5 The fift, to receiue the Kings answere by the decla∣rations of the Lords, and to certifie the vere ete•…•…t thereof to vs there.

Also to know what authority the Lords haue to etrete, in promes with vs ther, as well of owre promes of other things.

Also to know what plege the wyll deliuer for owr Ca∣pitans.

Also yf thys pertyculars be concluded, then for to con∣dyscend of other perticulars.

• 1 The first touching our faith, to haue the heresyes of Lu∣ther, * 5.79 Wyclyf, Hussee, Melancton, Ecolampadius, Bu∣syrs, the Confession Germane, the Applege of Melanq∣ton, the werke of Tyndale; of Bernys, Fryth, of Mar∣shall, Rastell, the Bookes of Sent Germane, and such other of any manner Heresie, without the Realme, not to be kept, but vtterly to be dystryed.
• 2 The secund to haue the supreme of the Chyrch t•…•…ching cure of sowlle to be reseruyd to the See of Rome, as byfore hyt whas accustomyd for to be; and to haue the consecra∣tion of Byshoppys fr•…•…e hym without any first fr•…•…ts, or pencyons to him to be paid out of thys Realme, or ellys a pencion reasonable for the outwarde defence of our fayth.

Also we beseke humble our most drade Soueraign Lord that the Lady Mary may be legetymate, and the estatutes contrary to the same to bee a•…•…lyd for the dome of the tytle that might incur to the Crown by Scotland, and that to be by Parliament.

Also to haue the Abbeys that bee suppressed to be resto∣ryd to their Lands, Howsys, and Goods.

Also to haue the Tents and first fr•…•…ts clearely dis∣chargyd, onles the Clergy wyll of their selfys gr•…•… a Rent or Charge to the augmentation of the Crown.

Also to haue the Freres obser•…•…s restoryd to their hou∣ses againe.

Also to haue the Heretiks Bishoppys, and temporal men of their seete, to haue condigne ponysment by fire, or such * 5.80 other; or ells to trie ther quarrell with vs and our parta∣ker sin batell.

Also to haue the Lord Cr•…•…mwell, the Lord Chance∣ler, and Sir Ryc. Rych Knight to haue condigne ponys∣ment, as subuerters of the gudlawes of the Rea•…•…me; and onetemers of the stese sect of this false heretykes fyrst in∣uenter and brengers of them.

Also that the Landys in Westmorland, Comberland, Kendale, Dentsyd, Furnes, and the Abbeis lands in Yorke, Worsaidyshire, Kerbyshire, Neuerdale, mayne bee Ten∣nant Right, and the lord to haue at euery change two yeeres rent, in the name of a agarsumme, and no more, according to a grant now made by the Lords to the Com∣mens vnder their Seales, and this to be done by Act of Parlement.

Also the hand-gunnys and Crosse-boys, with the penal∣tie of the same to be repelled, onles hyt be in the Kings for∣rests and Parkes to kyllers of Deere.

Also that Doctor Lee, and Doctor Leyton, may haue condigne ponyshment for their extortions in time of visita∣tion, in brybes, of some religyous houses, x. l. xx. l. and for other summes, besyde horsys, vowsens, leases, vnder co∣uent seallys, by them taken, and other abominable Acts by them committed and done.

Also to see reformation for the election of Knightes of shire, and the B•…•…rgys; and for the vse among the Lords in the Perlament after the ancient custome.

Also the Statute for inclosyng Intackes to bee put in execution, that all Intacks, Inclosys syth Anno quarto Henrici •…•…eptimi be pullyd downe exceding Forests, and Parkys to be dystrud of their qūition, and tax now granted by Parlament.

Also to haue the Parlyament in a conuenient place as Nottingham or Yorke, and the same to bee so moued shortly.

Also that it may be enacted by authority of Parliament, that all recognisans, stat•…•…tys, penaltyes, newly forfeyted during the tyme of the Commission may bee pardoned & discharged, aswell against the King as stranger.

Also the Priuilege of the Ryght of the Church to be con∣firmed by Act of Parlament, and Prysts not to suffer onles they be degraded; a man to bee saued by his Booke; San∣ctuary to saue a man in all causes in extreme need, and the Church to saue a man for forty dayes; and further ac∣cording to the •…•…wes as they were vsed in the beginning of the Kyngys dayes.

Also the libertyes of the Church to haue their old Cu∣stomes, as the County Palatine of Durham, Beuerley, Rep∣pon, S. Peter of Yorke, and such other by Act of Par∣liament.

Also to haue the Statute that no man shall declare his will on his land to be repelled.

Also the Statute of treason for W•…•…ys, made sith Anno xxi. of our Soueraigne that now is to bee in like wise re∣pelled.

Also that the common Law may haue place aswell as was vsed in the beginning of your gracious raign, and that all Iniunctions be cleerely denied, and not granted, vnlesse the matter be heard in the Cha•…•…cery, and there determi∣ned.

Also that no man vpon sub poena, or Priuy Seale from Trent Northward, appeare but at Yo•…•…rke, or by Atturney vnlesse it be directed vpon pene of allegyance, or for like matter concerning the King.

Also a rem•…•…dy against Exchequer for f•…•…ing of false Offices, and extortions in taking of Fees, for that which is not held of the King, and against the Pr•…•…ters there∣of.

These were the Instructions giuen to their Co•…•…ssi∣oners to be c•…•…ferred vpon, all which as it should seeme, were drawne into foure Articles or heads, as by the my∣nute of the Kings answere thereunto doth appeare: which Originall in many places with his owne hand is interli∣ned with so wise and learned additions, as doe confirme his Kingly care, both for the Church and common weale: the true copy whereof to his great f•…•…e is as followeth: his corrections and additions is varied from the rest by a seue∣rall Character.

[Petitions]

An Answere to the [demaunds] of the Rebels in Yorkeshire, by the Kings Highnesse.

〈2 pages missing〉〈2 pages missing〉

for the premisses, or anie of them, by his heires, or by anie his Officiaries, Ministers, or Subiects, by anie manner of meanes or in anie manner of wise. Prouided alwaies, that you and euerie of you in token of a perfect declaration and knowledge, that ye doe hartilie lame•…•…nd be sorrie for your said offencies, shall make your humbly submission vnto his Highnes, in the presence of his right trustie and right intirely beloued Cosens and Concellairs: the Duke of Norforlke, and the Earle of Shrewsburie his Lieute∣nants Generall, or any of them, or to their Deputy or De∣puties of them, or any of them, or such other person, or persons as the Kings Highnes shall appoint for the same: Furthermore the Kings most roiall Magesty, streitely chargeth and commandeth, that you and euery of you, shall from henceforth, like trew and faithfull Subiects vse your selues, in Gods peace, and his, according to the dueties of alleagance, and that you shall in no wise hereafter, attempt to make or procure, any such rebellion, intent, vnlawfull Assemblies, Riots, Rowts, and Conspirations, nor at the Commandement, nor by the Authority of any person, of what estate or degree, or for what cause soeuer it be, shall arise in any forcible manner, and array, vnles it be at the speciall commandement of the Kings Highnes, or his Lieu∣tenant sufficiently auctorised for the same. In witnes whereof the Kings most royall Magesty, hath caused this his Proclamation to be made Patent, and sealed with his great sayle at Richemounte the IX. day of December in the XXVIII. yeere of his Reigne. 1536.

Pexsall.

Notwithstanding this Generall pardon and merci∣full dealings of the King a new Insurrection was raised in the North, wherin many of the former were now againe Actors, as by name Robert Aske whom * 5.81 the King had not onely pardoned, but also highly rewarded, the Lord Dacres, Sir Robert Constable, Sir Francis •…•…ygod, Pulmer, Percy, Hamilt•…•…n, Tempest and Lumley, all of them put to death, as they well de∣serued. * 5.82

(99) In which Commotions those men whose profession was onely the Booke and their •…•…eades, mistaking Christs meaning, who bad his Disciples to sell their coate, and to buy a sword, came armed a∣mong * 5.83 the Rebels into the Field, and with them were taken as Traitours against the Crowne: for which offence many of them suffered death: namely, Iohn Paslew Abbot of Whaley in Lincolneshire, Iohn Caste∣gate and William Haydocke Monks of the same house, * 5.84 Robert Hobs Abbot of Woborne in Bedfordshire, Adam Sudbury Abbot of Gernaux with Astbeed a Monke of that house; the Abbot of Sawley in Lancashire and the Prior of the same place, William Wold Prior of Birlington, the Parson of Pudington, fiue Priests of Lincolnshire, and with them their chiefetaine, Cap∣taine Cobler, and Iohn Allen Priest.

(100) These stirres thus quieted and the States∣men at leasure to preuent the like, a Commission * 5.85 came foorth to purge the Churches of Idols; and to suppresse the Monasteries to the Kings vse, gran∣ted vnto him by Parliament: the one of them, the onely working cause, through the gaine that was got by ignorant deuotion, and gadding on pilgrimage, and the other, the Nest and very receptacle of all traiterous attempters, against the peace of the Land and Supremacy of the Crowne. The abuse of the first was solemnly shewed at Pauls Crosse in London, * 5.86 vpon Sunday the twenty foure of February, by Do∣ctor Iohn Fisher Bishop of Rochester, where the Roode * 5.87 of Boxley in Kent, commonly called the Rood of Grace, made with diuers vices to bow downe and to lift vp it selfe, to shake, and to stirre both Heads, * 5.88 hands, and feet, to rowle the eies, mooue the lippes and to bend the browes; was then broken and pul∣led in peeces. So likewise the Images of our Lady of Walsingham and Ipswich, set and besprinkled with Ie∣wels, * 5.89 and Gemmes, with diuers others both of Eng∣land and Wales; were brought to London and burnt at Chelsey before the Lord Crumwell. Then the Axes of the hewers began to cast downe the walles of all Monasteries, whose number (as Cambden doth ac∣count * 5.90 them) were sixe hundred fourty fiue, besides fourscore and tenne Colledges, them of Oxford and Cambridge not accounted: of Hospitals one hun∣dred and tenne, and of Chaunteries and free Chap∣pels two thousand, three hundred, seuenty foure, all of them almost were then borne downe with the sudden deluge of those tempestuous times, whilst the world stood amazed, King Henrie proceeded, and the Clergy men groaned vnder their owne destru∣ctions; among these the Shrine of Thomas Becket was defaced, which did abound with more then Princely riches: whose meanest part was pure gold, garni∣shed with many precious stones, as Erasmus that saw * 5.91 it, hath written, whereof the chiefest was a rich Gemme of France, offered by King Lewis, who as∣ked * 5.92 and obtained (you may be sure, he buying it so deare) that no passenger betwixt Douer and White-sand should perish by shipwracke; his bones by Stephen Langton had beene laide in a golden Shrine, * 5.93 his name canonized, and the day of his death made annually holy, such concurse of Pilgrime, such pressing to touch him, and such creeping and knee∣ling to his Tombe, that the prints of their deuotion in the Marble stones, remaines to this day; euery Pillar resounding the miracles of this reputed Mar∣tyre, and the Church it selfe dedicated to Christ, forced to giue place to the name of Saint Thomas. The Timber worke of this Shrine was couered with * 5.94 plates of gold, damasked and embossed with wires of gold, garnished with broches, images, angels, pre∣cious * 5.95 stones, and great Orient Pearles: all these de∣faced filled two Chests and were for price of an vn∣estimable value. But in steede of these Dagons, the Bible in English was commanded to bee read in all Churches, and Register Bookes of weddings, Chri∣stenings and Burials in euery of them to be kept.

(101) The yeerely reuenewes of these, as they were valewed by the Commissioners, at their sub∣uersions * 5.96 amounted to an vnestimable summe, as ap∣peareth by the Original Booke itselfe presented to the King, whereof more shall be spoken in the end of this chapter, and yet most of them rated at Robin∣hoods penny-worthes, what their rents were, a libell * 5.97 scattered abroad, and read to the king, by demonstra∣tion did proue, wherein was accounted, that vnto the fiue Orders of Friers, (euery housholder paying them fiue pence the Quarter) the summe of fourty three thousand, three hundred, thirty three pound, * 5.98 sixe shillings and eight pence sterling, was paid them by yeere, besides the reuenewes of their owne lands, which was not a little, so that not without cause ma∣ny entred into a Monasticall life, rather to liue at ful, and without cares of this world, then to feede the flocke of Christ, or to winne them, and not theirs, after the example of the Apostle. For the Testa∣ment * 5.99 of Christ, was vnto most of these, as a booke sealed with seauen seales, and their mouthes vnmuz∣led they did deuoure, but not tread out the Corne, * 5.100 so that the Sunne by their doctrine seemed to be darkened, as with smoke, and themselues to be the * 5.101 Locustes that ouerspread the superficies of the Earth, whose faces were like men, pretending huma∣nity, their haire like women in shew of modesty, their Crownes of counterfeited gould, signifying their v∣surped authoritie, their teeth like Lyons shewing their Tyrannie, their force like horses prepared for battell, their habergions of Iron betokening their strength, the sound of their wings, the thundering out their mandates like to the rumbling of Chariots in warre, their Tailes (〈◊〉〈◊〉 Prophets) hauing stings like vnto Scorpions, a•…•… •…•…heir King the bad A∣baddon, euen the Angell of the Bottomelesse pit. All those allusions most aptly sitting these Cloistered Friers, who now grown to the height of their sinnes, their skirts were discouered, that their shame might * 5.102 appeare; being the only men then laid open to the world.

(102) Against whose doctrine, (besides many o∣thers

in other forreine parts) two in the daies of K. Henry the fourth, the first English King that put anie * 5.103 to death for the doctrine of Rome; (omitting Sir Iohn Oldcastle and others, that died for the Gospels defence, in the daies of King Henry the fift) foure in the raigne of innocent Henrie the sixt. One in the daies of King Edward the fourth; and tenne in the time of King Henry the seauenth, sealed the doctrine a∣gainst the papall religion with their bloud; all of them being martyred before that Martin Luther wrote. And in the raigne of this King twenty sixe suffered the fire, before the flames thereof could be quenched, which a while was done by the meanes of good Queene Anne, till afterwards they moun∣ted * 5.104 higher, when the sixe Articles were made: but because this Ecclesiasticke text is handled elsewhere, and seemeth vnsociable to our begunne Subiect, we will referre the Reader for these matters vnto the in∣dustrious paines of that worthy and euer venera∣ble man M. Fox, taken in his Acts & Monuments of Ecclesiasticall history.

(103) The Monasteries thus dissolued, and the Reuenewes thereof conuerted to temporall vses, * 5.105 King Henry ranne in great obloquie of many for∣raine Potentates, but most especially of the Pope; who with Cardinall Poole instigated diuers Princes in Christendom to inuade England thus fallen from his faith: Yea, & home-borne Subiects disliking the course for Papisticall subuersion, by secret working sought to depriue King Henry, and to raise vp Rey∣nold Poole vnto the Regall dignity, as by their in∣ditements appeareth. The persons conuicted, were Lord Henry Courtney Marquesse of Excester, & Earle of Deuonshire, the sonne of Lady Katherine, the se∣uenth daughter of King Edward the fourth. Henrie Poole Lord Montacute, with Sir Geffrey his brother, and Sir Edward Neuill brother to the Lord of Aber∣gauenny. These Pooles were the sonnes of Lady Mar∣garet Countesse of Salisbury, the onely daughter of George Duke of Clarence: and of these 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Poole once Deane of Excester, and now Cardinal•…•… at 〈◊〉〈◊〉 was accounted the onely man.

(104) And this foresaid Lord Marquesse had formerly beene in such fauour with King Henry, that at his going into France he ordained him his Heire apparant, though at his returne vpon graue delibera∣tion, hee saw it better policy to plucke him down * 5.106 then was vsed in setting him vp, lest in acting his part vpon that infectiue stage, hee put the land to as much trouble as the arreared Duke Richard of Yorke had done, after hee was ordained heire ap∣parant, which Title produced the Tragedy of his raiser King Henry the sixt, and now hauing him and his Abetters vpon the aduantage, the better to se∣cure * 5.107 his owne Estate, hee caused the heades of this Lord Marquesse with the Lord Montacute, and Sir Edward Neuill to bee cut off vpon Tower-hill.

(105) The King then a Widdower, since the death of Queene Iane, who departed this life two yeeres before, meant to 〈◊〉〈◊〉 wh•…•… hee had done, maugre all 〈◊〉〈◊〉 better •…•…o ef∣fect, by the Counsell▪ 〈◊〉〈◊〉 〈◊〉〈◊〉▪ 〈◊〉〈◊〉 sought and obtained the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 the Princes of 〈◊〉〈◊〉, and heard the motion for marriage with the La∣dy Anne sister to William Duke of 〈◊〉〈◊〉, whose other * 5.108 sister Fredericke Duke of 〈◊〉〈◊〉 had espoused, a great fauourer of the Gospell, and 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of Martin Luther the zealous Preacher 〈◊◊〉〈◊◊〉 thereof. But whether for the death of 〈◊◊〉〈◊◊〉, or that hee would haue his wiues sister bestowed neerer at home (which thing hee pretended) a great hind•…•…∣er hee was of that match. But the Lady sent into England, and married vnto King 〈◊〉〈◊〉, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 no∣thing * 5.109 pleasing in his eye; which 〈◊◊〉〈◊◊〉 then Bishoppe of Winchester perc•…•…ing▪ thought it a fitte subiect for him to worke vpo•…•…, 〈◊◊〉〈◊◊〉 Lord Cromwell the maker of the m•…•…ch▪ hee there∣fore instigated iealousies dayly into the Kings 〈◊〉〈◊〉, * 5.110 first exasperating the hatred of the Princes of 〈◊〉〈◊〉∣ny to him-wards, and especially of Duke Fredericke his compulsiue brother in Law, the Emperor, French Kings, Scots and the Pope, all seeking at once to raise their powers against England. The ciuill tu∣mults lately passed, and new commotions greatly to be feared, hee letted not to remember, and all to nip the spring of the new spreading Gospell, whereby * 5.111 this wise Politician in the end got six such Articles against it, as the Consistory of Hell could deuise no worse. Whose cruelties were such that not long after, and in the dayes of this King, some of those Acts were againe repealed, and some of them qua∣lified, * 5.112 as too sharpe and searching into the bloud of the Kings best Subiects.

(106) The fruite of these bloud-thirsty instiga∣tors, the Lord Cromwell, and Lady Anne of Cleue soon * 5.113 tasted of, he by imprisonment and death, and she by disgrace and diuorce; hauing been his wife from la∣nuary to Iune, in all which time the King refrained the mutuall knowledge of her body, for the dislike hee had of her person, euen at the first sight, as him∣selfe called to witnesse the Lord Cromwell then Pri∣soner * 5.114 in the Tower, for whose report hee wrote a Letter with his owne hand; and shee good Lady no other cause alleadged, was diuorced by Parlia∣ment, when also it was enacted that shee should no * 5.115 longer bee styled Queene. The Lord Cromwell was charged by the Lord Rich, and Sir George Throgmort•…•… with speaking of certaine generall words, not excepting therein the Kinges person, which neuertheresse were thought so sleight and in∣sufficient to take away his life, that his enemies fea∣red to put it to the triall of his Peeres, lest he should bee acquitted by them, as the Lord Dacres of the North not many yeeres before had beene; wherfore * 5.116 there was a Bill drawne to attaint him of here•…•… and Treason, in generall words, rather then in particu∣lar proofes, which when hee was dead, passed in both houses of Parliament with the Kinges as∣sent:

(107) Howbeit S•…•…ders that seldome speake•…•… well of the Gospels professors, will haue him to die * 5.117 for the breach of a Law made by himselfe, which was, that one appeached of treason, should not come in the Kings presence, till he had tried himself not guilty; but besides that wee find no such Act by him made: his inditement doth not charge him with treason, but with setting at liberty certain persons committed for misprision of treason and here•…•…▪ for fauouring and maintaining the transation of * 5.118 hereticall bookes into English; for bearing out Barnes and other hereticall Preachers▪ that himselfe was an heretike, and had spoken words▪ great word•…•… for the vpholding of his said religion, which were, that the King should not change it if hee would▪ for these things he was 〈◊〉〈◊〉 by Parliament of high Treason, and that grounded either vpon a St•…•…ute made in the fi•…•…e and twenty of Edward th•…•… * 5.119 third, or else by the explanation of that Act which referreth the exposition of Treasons to the 〈◊〉〈◊〉, and so no way did 〈◊〉〈◊〉 deuise or make a∣ny law of treason, which himselfe 〈◊◊◊〉〈◊◊◊〉▪ 〈◊〉〈◊〉 that partiall Romanist hath said.

(108) But most sure it is▪ that the King•…•… •…•…∣on, altogether guided by the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 obiect▪ 〈◊〉〈◊〉 •…•…∣other point in the Compasse to fire his 〈◊〉〈◊〉 eye, besides that onely, which by his 〈◊◊〉〈◊◊〉 touched by the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of 〈◊〉〈◊〉, and th•…•… 〈◊〉〈◊〉 to bee the Lady 〈◊◊〉〈◊◊〉, 〈◊◊〉〈◊◊〉 •…•…∣ward * 5.120 the brother of Thomas Duk•…•… of 〈◊〉〈◊〉▪ 〈◊〉〈◊〉 whom Cromwell standing in the defence of 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Anne, and vsing words of dis•…•…ke 〈◊〉〈◊〉 the Lady 〈◊〉〈◊〉, distastfull vnto the King▪ was thereupon ap∣prehended (his enemy so 〈◊〉〈◊〉) and vpon the * 5.121 twenty eight of Iuly suffered 〈◊〉〈◊〉 with the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of the Axe vpon 〈◊〉〈◊〉, 〈◊◊◊〉〈◊◊◊〉 be∣headed the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of 〈◊〉〈◊〉, neither 〈◊◊◊〉〈◊◊◊〉 nor 〈◊〉〈◊〉 quietly dying for his of∣fence * 5.122 committed 〈◊〉〈◊〉▪

(109) The sword thus vnsheathed vpon the necks of the Nobility; strucke off the head of Margaret * 5.123 Countesse of Salisbury, daughter and he•…•…re vnto George Duke of Clarence, and mother vnto Reynold Poole Cardinall, being neither arraigned nor tried, but condemned by Parliament as Cromwell had bin. * 5.124 And the Lord Leonard Gray in this present yeere lost his head for treason, the twenty eight of Iune. And the next day following Thomas Fines Lord Dacres of the South, died at Tyborne for killing a priuate man in a fray. Neither was it put vp, vntill that * 5.125 the heades of Queen Katherine Howard, and the La∣dy Iane Rochford were stricken off, the one for A∣dultery, the other for concealement, as was allead∣ged, the parties offending were Fra•…•…it Dereham, and Thomas Culpepper, Dereham before shee was Queene, and Culpepper after, who both were execu∣ted at Tiburne, the tenth of December, and the * 5.126 twelfth of February following, Mistresse Katherine Howard (for so in the Act of her Attainture 〈◊〉〈◊〉 is called) who had beene stiled and receiued Queene for the space of sixe moneths, and fou•…•… dayes, with * 5.127 the Lady Iane then widow, and late wife vnto 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Bullen, Lord Rochford, were both of them brought vnto a Scaffold raised vppon the hill within the * 5.128 Tower, where they in lamentable passions suffered death.

(110) Howsoeuer those times afforded such Queenes to the Kings bed, or himselfe vnfortunate in making his choise: yet many of no meane iudge∣ment haue rather accused King▪ Henry for his changing and variable affections, then thinke them guilty in the breach of Matrimony. Of Anne wee haue seene what hath beene said, and of this Queene let vs heare what shee protested after her condem∣nation to 〈◊〉〈◊〉 White Bishoppe of 〈◊〉〈◊〉 her last Confessor, and by him deliuered to a noble young Lord of her name, and neere alliance: Her words were these: As to the Act my 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Lord for which I stand condemned, God and his holy Angels I take to witnesse vpon my soules 〈◊〉〈◊〉, that I die 〈◊〉〈◊〉, neuer hauing so abused my Soueraignes 〈◊〉〈◊〉: what o∣ther sinnes and follies of youth I haue 〈◊〉〈◊〉, I will not excuse; but 〈◊〉〈◊〉 assured that for these, God hath brought this punishment vpon me, and will 〈◊〉〈◊〉 his 〈◊◊〉〈◊◊〉 them, for which I pray you, pray with me, vnto his sonne and my S•…•…iour Christ.

(111) As these then in case of Treasons eyther acted or intended, ended their liues; so others in case of conscience (though diuersly affected) c•…•…e to * 5.129 their deathes, and that by fo•…•…ce of the Statutes ena∣cted vnder this King; whereof one was the aboli∣shing of the Pope, and the oath of Supremacy, the * 5.130 re•…•…sers of either made offenders in stare of high Treason, and the other in 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of religion, when 〈◊◊〉〈◊◊〉 Articl•…•… enacted by Parliament, was made Heresie and death, to such as held or taught the con∣•…•…, which Ar•…•…cles were thus concluded in both * 5.131 the houses of Parliament with consent of the King.

• 1▪ That after the words of consecration spoken by the Priest, the reall and naturall body and bloud * 5.132 of Christ, as hee was conceiued and crucified, was in the Sacrament, and no other substance consisting, in the forme of 〈◊〉〈◊〉 and wi•…•…e, besides the substance of Christ God and man.
• 2 That the communion in both kinde was not necessarie vnto 〈◊〉〈◊〉, the flesh onely in forme of bread, sufficient for the Laity.
• 3 That Prie•…•… 〈◊〉〈◊〉 they haue recei•…•…ed •…•…ders might not marry by the law of God.
• 4 That the vowes of chastity either in 〈◊〉〈◊〉 or wo∣man, ought by God•…•… law to be 〈◊〉〈◊〉, and by which they are exempted from other 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of Christian people.
• 5 That priu•…•… Masses was necess•…•…ry for the peo∣ple, and agreeable to the law of Go•…•….
• 6 That auricular confession was •…•…pedient 〈◊〉〈◊〉 be reteined, and continued 〈◊〉〈◊〉 the Church of God.

These Statutes I say aswell the one as the other, brought many to their ends, which otherwise were very good Subiects, and worthy instruments in the common weale: for offending in the first, there di∣ed Bishoppe Pisher, and Sir Thomas More, besides many Abbots, Priors, and Friers, and among * 5.133 them, in Smithfield the Welsh rode set Frier Forrest on fire, according to the prophecy very rife in their mouthes, that this holy rode should set a whole for∣rest on fire. For the other suffered in flames, many godly Christians, whereof Robert Barnes a reuerend Doctor, and worthy minister of Christ, the first re∣ducer (as M. Fox reporteth) of the Vniuersity of Cambridge from rudenesse and barbarity, vnto good * 5.134 literature and learning, was with the first: And Anne Askew a Gentlewoman of an incomparable dexteri∣ty one of the last, who, aboue the weakenesse of her sexe most valiantly stoode against the violence of the time.

(112) Her birth was worshipfull, and educati∣on accordingly, bestowed in marriage, vnto Iohn * 5.135 Ky•…•…e a Gentleman in 〈◊〉〈◊〉, and commended by Bale for her rare wit, and elegant beauty; which her pars the pensill of N. D. with his vne∣uen hand (euer ouerhard to shadow the truth,) hath slanderously blurred and measured those graces in her, by his owne loose affections, and those want on 〈◊〉〈◊〉, which in the height of sinne haue changed * 5.136 the naturall vse of women against nature.

This young heifer (saith hee) abiding no yoake, a coy dame, and of very euill fame, left the company of Master * 5.137 Ky•…•…e, to 〈◊〉〈◊〉 vp 〈◊◊〉〈◊◊〉 a Gospelling and G•…•…ssip∣ping where 〈◊〉〈◊〉 might, and ought not, but especially in London, and 〈◊〉〈◊〉 the Court, now shee being faire and but twenty 〈◊〉〈◊〉 yeers old at her death▪ doth 〈◊〉〈◊〉 shew what * 5.138 may be suspected of her life, and the mysticall speeches and demands of the Kings Co•…•…sell touching her departure from her 〈◊〉〈◊〉, were grounded vpon somewhat, espe∣cially in that shee called her selfe 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Askew alias Ky•…•…e. Thus 〈◊〉〈◊〉 this 〈◊〉〈◊〉 man hath accused this holy Anne by the outward appearance of her youth and beauty: as holy Anne by Eli was accused of * 5.139 drunkennesse when her heart was most seruent, in supplications to her God, and his partiall pe•…•… made the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 to 〈◊〉〈◊〉 the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of her holy con∣uersation to finde out some chaffe, whereof none is free, nor is •…•…ee to be condemned vpon the ima∣gerie of his suspicious head (who vndoubtedly would haue •…•…old all if any thing could haue beene found) whereas shee in the vigour of beauty and weakenesse of her Sexe, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 the gaine-saiers of the truth with her dearest blood: testifying from the Prisons her faith and constancy, and from the * 5.140 Racke preached Christ, whereon most vnhumane∣ly and against kind, shee was twice tormented; and lastly sealed her 〈◊〉〈◊〉 in Smithfield through the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of fire: being borne to the place of her death * 5.141 in a Chaire, her bones so 〈◊〉〈◊〉 by the R•…•…cke that shee could 〈◊〉〈◊〉.

(113) The 〈◊〉〈◊〉 N. D. whose affection to Chri•…•… Gospe•…•… 〈◊〉〈◊〉 to the English Crowne * 5.142 hath sufficiently 〈◊◊〉〈◊◊〉▪ to make her no 〈◊〉〈◊〉, and that her 〈◊〉〈◊〉 did demerit the Racke, saith that the King himselfe commanded that tor∣ture to be 〈◊〉〈◊〉▪ 〈◊◊〉〈◊◊〉 with her erroneous doctrine, his Court, his 〈◊〉〈◊〉▪ 〈◊〉〈◊〉 daughters, * 5.143 and 〈◊◊〉〈◊◊〉. 〈◊〉〈◊〉 the truth tels vs that the 〈◊◊〉〈◊◊〉 to racke her the second 〈◊〉〈◊〉 was 〈◊〉〈◊〉 by 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Lord Chancellor (who did it himselfe) to bee complained of to the King, who immediately tooke Boate and told the whole Tragedy; whereof King 〈◊〉〈◊〉 seemed to be sore offended, for vsing a woman with such 〈◊◊〉〈◊◊〉. 〈◊◊◊〉〈◊◊◊〉 had the Popes 〈◊〉〈◊〉 vnder the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of the Church and wing of this 〈◊〉〈◊〉, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 they 〈◊〉〈◊〉 not to follow the appeale of 〈◊〉〈◊〉, euen 〈◊〉〈◊〉 that slept in 〈◊〉〈◊〉 owne 〈◊〉〈◊〉, which 〈◊〉〈◊〉 〈◊◊〉〈◊◊〉 Parre, espoused * 5.144 vnto him 〈◊〉〈◊〉 three yeeres before, and 〈◊〉〈◊〉 (as

this States intelligēcer doth confesse) he meant to haue * 5.145 burned had he longer liued. For the truth is (saith hee) that the Kings sickenesse and death shortly ensuing was the chiefe cause of her escape; and the error of the Lord Chancellor Wriothesley, who let fall out of his boso•…•…e, the * 5.146 Kings hand and commission for carrying her to the Tower gaue occasion (the paper found and brought her) to goe and humble her selfe to the King; the principal occasion against * 5.147 her, was Heretical Books, found in her closet, both brought & sent her by Anne Askew, wherof thewitnesses were the Lady Herbert, Lady Iane, Lady Tyawit, and others. In∣deed it is true that by Gods prouidence such papers were let fal out of the Lord Chancellors bosome con∣teining certaine Articles against her, with a warrant to commit her to the Tower, whereunto the Kings hand was subscribed: which being found was pre∣sently brought vnto the Queene, whereof the vn∣expected * 5.148 content so deepely touched her tender heart, that foorth with shee fell into great feares, la∣ments, and a most heauy melancholy, and was in such danger of death, that the King came to visit her, hauing not gone foorth of his Chamber of ma∣ny dayes before; whereat shee so reioiced, as shee began to 〈◊〉〈◊〉: and to acknowledge her like loue and duty, the next night following, repaired to the Kings Bed-chamber, accompanied onely with the * 5.149 Lady Herbert her sister, and the Lady 〈◊〉〈◊〉 the Kings neece, carrying the Candle before her, of whose pre∣sence the King seemed to be most desirous▪ and pre∣sently falling in talke of Religion, began to debate some question thereof with the Queene, demanding to haue her resolutions therein, but shee knowing that his nature was not to be crost, and the sorenesse of his legge to encrease his chol•…•…er, made him an∣swere that she was a woman, accompanied with many im∣perfectio•…•…s, but his Maiesty wise and 〈◊〉〈◊〉, of wh•…•…m * 5.150 shee must learne as of her Lordand Head, for so God hath appointed you (said shee) the Supreame Head of vs all, of whom next vnto him I will euer learnt. Not so, by Saint Mary, said the King, you are become a Doctor Kate to instruct vs, and not to be instructed by vs as often heeretofore we haue seeme. Indeede (said 〈◊〉〈◊〉) if your Maiestie haue so conceiued, I haue beene mistaken in my meaning, who haue euer held it preposterous for a woman to instruct 〈◊〉〈◊〉▪ Lord. And whereas I haue heeretofore held talke with your highnesse touching Religion, it was to le•…•…ne of your Maiesty some excellent 〈◊〉〈◊〉 which my selfe stood in doubt of: and sometimes to the end that you might with lesse griefe passeouer this paineful time of your infirmity, wherein if by my ouermuch boldnesse I haue fai∣led in the latter, yet haue I not 〈◊〉〈◊〉 in the former, to my no small benefit and comfort. And is it euen so sweet heart? (quoth the King) why then, are me friends, and so kissing her, gaue her leaue to depart. But the * 5.151 day drawne on for her apprehension, and the King disposed to take the •…•…yre, sent for the Queene to walke in the 〈◊〉〈◊〉, himselfe accompanied onely with two Gentlemen, and shee with the three fore∣said Ladies. Whenas suddenly the Lord Chancel∣lor with forty of the Guard, came into the Garden, with purpose to h•…•…e apperhended and carried the Queene to the Tower; whose malep•…•…rt approach the King greatly misliked, and •…•…ernely beholding him, slept aside, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 him with the names of 〈◊〉〈◊〉, foole, and 〈◊〉〈◊〉, bidding 〈◊〉〈◊〉 out of pre∣sence. The Queene seeing the King chased, but knew not the cause, indeauo•…•…ed by all meanes to 〈◊〉〈◊〉 his Maiestie, and i•…•…treted for the Lord Chancellour, whose faultas shee thoughtand allea∣ged, was rather through misimprision then will, and therfore, said she, I wil become an humble 〈◊◊〉〈◊◊〉 him vnto your Highnesse. Ah 〈◊◊〉〈◊◊〉 (quoth the King) 〈◊〉〈◊〉 little 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Kate 〈◊〉〈◊〉 euill he 〈◊〉〈◊〉 this 〈◊〉〈◊〉 at thy hands: of my word (sweet heart) 〈◊◊◊◊〉〈◊◊◊◊〉 a 〈◊◊〉〈◊◊〉. But in following this tr•…•…ct of blood, •…•…owed from the fountaine of 〈◊◊〉〈◊◊〉 A•…•…ticles, wee haue stepped ouer some other occurrences that happened somewhat before this time, vnto which with thy patience, goodReader, we will returne againe.

(114) King Henrie by order of Parliament ha∣uing * 5.152 assumed the Stile and Title of King of Ireland, with the submission of most of the Irish Nobi•…•…ty, Iames his Nephew, King of Scotland, tooke it not well, forthat, as Li•…•…ley saith, a great part of Ireland, especially in the North, had been in possession of the Scotishmen for many hundred of yeeres before. These discontents conceiued, King Henrie well per∣ceiued; and because hee would haue no ill will so neere him, that had so many enuiers abroad, he sent vnto King Iames that it would please him to repaire * 5.153 vnto the City of Yorke, where he would meet him, to conferre for the wealth of both the Realmes, which at first was granted, but vpon better aduise, vnac∣complished, his Counsellors moouing the dangers; and his Clergy the feares, lest their Religion should be changed to the offence of his confederates the Pope, the Emperour, and the French King.

(115) The vnkindnes growing from this small sparke, was presently kindled into great flames, for * 5.154 Commissioners being sent from both Kings, to view the limits of either Kingdome, they fell at ods about a small peece of ground, and from that tooke occasi∣on of emulations and warres: to prosecute which King Henry prepared an Armie, and sent them into Scotland vnder the Conduct of the Duke of Nor∣folke, accompanied with the Earles of Shrewsbury, * 5.155 Darby, C•…•…mberland, Surrey, Hertford, Augus and 〈◊〉〈◊〉∣land. These passing the English Marches, did much hurt in the Kingdome of Scotland. To withstand whom King Ia•…•…es gathered a power, of fiue and thirty strong, and at Fa•…•…aw more meant to haue bid∣den the Duke battell, which as that writer relaxed, was not then minded to doe, but made againe into England, and passing the water Twe•…•…d, sustained great losse by the couragious pursuit of the Lord Huntly. King Iames vpon a lusty courage meaning to repaire the Scot•…•… losses with the English spoiles, was very forward to follow the Duke into their Borders, but the Scotish Nobility wisely waying the danger of warre, by no meanes would either assent, or assist * 5.156 him out of his owne kingdome, affirming it honour sufficient, to haue forced the English backe with no little losse.

(116) King I•…•…es discontented at his Nobles da∣nials, made towards the Burders himselfe; where, mouing the Lord Maxewell, Lord Warden of the West * 5.157 Borders, with many other men of speciall fauour and account, to inuade England, whereunto they gaue their consents. These passing the Riuer Eske, did some small dammage vpon the Westerne Borderers, whereof Thomas 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Dacres, and * 5.158 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of 〈◊◊〉〈◊◊〉 Hollinshed cals them, sent word to Thomas Wharton, Lord Warde•…•… for the King vpon the West Marches: But the Scot•…•… comming forward▪ they were forced to prepare for •…•…ight before the Lord 〈◊〉〈◊〉 could come, and out of their 〈◊〉〈◊〉 company lest a stand vpon the side of a hill.

(117) The Scots aduanced forward with no lit∣tle * 5.159 hope, were pres•…•…ly 〈◊◊〉〈◊◊〉 the •…•…ght of these men, and verily thought 〈◊〉〈◊〉 the Lord 〈◊〉〈◊〉 had assembled 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Charge▪ or 〈◊〉〈◊〉 the Duke of 〈◊〉〈◊〉 with a great Army were come to their 〈◊〉〈◊〉, whereupon they began to consu•…•… what 〈◊◊〉〈◊◊〉 to be done, and demanding who was deputed 〈◊〉〈◊〉 by the King, Oliuer 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of 〈◊◊〉〈◊◊〉 * 5.160 nor honorable 〈◊〉〈◊〉, being lifted vp vpon the Shoulders of two Souldiers, 〈◊◊〉〈◊◊〉 the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Commission, wherein himselfe was appointed their Generall, and 〈◊◊〉〈◊◊〉 it 〈◊◊◊◊〉〈◊◊◊◊〉▪ the Lords 〈◊◊◊◊〉〈◊◊◊◊〉 that so ma∣ny * 5.161 more worthy, honourable, and approued Cap∣•…•… of the 〈◊〉〈◊〉▪ should be 〈◊〉〈◊〉 by this his 〈◊〉〈◊〉▪ but •…•…o 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of 〈◊〉〈◊〉. In whose 〈◊〉〈◊〉, and for the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of their 〈◊◊◊〉〈◊◊◊〉 * 5.162 •…•…o 〈◊◊◊〉〈◊◊◊〉, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 willingly lost the 〈◊〉〈◊〉.

(118) This 〈◊◊〉〈◊◊〉 vpon the twenty

fourth of Nouember, at a place beyond Carliel, called Solem-mosse, where were taken Prisoners the Earles of * 5.163 Cassils and Glencarne, the Lords Maxwell, Flemming, Summerwell, Oliphant, and Grey, Sir Oliuer Sinclere, and * 5.164 others, to the number of one and twenty men of ac∣count, who were conueighed to London, and com∣mitted to the Tower. For griefe of which losse, and suspition of his Nobility, King Iames fell into a me∣lancholy Passion, which the birth of his new borne Princesse rather increased, then gaue him any cōfort, so as hee deceased the foureteenth day of December following, foreshewing (saith Leslie) great troubles to * 5.165 follow in Scotland.

(119) Newes brought neere at one instant, of the death of King Iames, & birth of the Princesse his daughter, King Henry intended to doe that by the match of a marriage, which long had beene assayed * 5.166 by the sword of Mars: all things so consorting as it did, he hauing one onely sonne, then aboue fiue yeres of age, and Scotland no heire beside this new borne daughter; their yeeres suiting a consent for marriage, the whole Iland offering both the ioynter and dow∣ry, and that which most moued, their chiefe Nobili∣ty in his owne hands, to be moulded for this designe, as if heauen it selfe had bid the banes.

(120) Those Prisoners therefore which had re∣mained in the Tower only two daies, vpon the twen∣ty * 5.167 one of December, he sent for to Westminster, the Earles and Lords all suited in Gownes of blacke da∣maske, furred with Cunny, whereafter some words of friendly reproofe, they were bestowed among the English Nobility, who vsed them according to their estates: and the third day in Christmas were inuited to the Court at Greenewich, where they went before the King to 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Chappell, were royally feasted, and the motion then made for the establishing of peace, by the Coniunction of the two Princes, whereunto the Scotish were as willing as the English, & proffered * 5.168 all forward assistance to haue it accomplished. So that these Nobles were deliuered without other ran∣some, and richly rewarded at their departure from Court.

(121) These returned into Scotland, declared what they had done, and so effectually followed the * 5.169 busines, that in a Parliament assembled of the three Estates, the marriage was confirmed, and a peace proclaimed to continue betwixt the two Realmes * 5.170 the space of tenne yeeres, which agreements were sent into England by honourable Ambassadors, and there interchangeably sealed betwixt these Potent Estates. But Cardinall Bet•…•… Archbishop of Saint Andrewes, fearing least Scotland would change the Church Orders, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 England had done (the Bible alrea∣dy read in their owne language, and the Popes vsur∣ped * 5.171 power called in Question, as then it began to be▪ by the feruent preaching of Friet Guiliam, to the great liking of most of the Lord▪) made some excep∣tions against the Earle Arraine the new chosen Go∣uernour, and second person in the Land, being nee∣rest in blood to the young Queene. And the French King not liking this vnion with England, sought by * 5.172 all meanes to 〈◊〉〈◊〉 the same match: to effect which, he sent the Ea•…•…le of Lennox to perswade with the Gouernour, with great proffers and promises of as∣sistance, but finding him faithfull vnto King Henry▪ presently made faction for the French, wherein hee drew the Queene mother, the Earles Huntly, Argile, M•…•…trosse, Menteith, and many more Peeres, the Car∣dinall amongst them euer the chiefe.

(122) Earle Lennox thus growne into credite with the Queene mother, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 made strong by her adherents that fauoured the French, presently clai∣med to be Gouernour of Scotland, being the second person of degree in the Realme, and withall to haue * 5.173 the custody of the young Queene, who with he•…•… mo∣ther were forth with taken from 〈◊〉〈◊〉 vnder the charge of the Gouernour Arrai•…•…e, and brought vn∣to Striueling strongly guarded, with the continuall presence of the Lords, 〈◊〉〈◊〉, Ersk•…•…, Fle•…•…ing, and Ruthwen, least Queene Mary should be conuey∣ed into England vnto King Henry. These violent courses, caused great Emulations among the Scotish Nobility, each of them siding as their affections were setled, but lastly agree to set the Crowne on their young Queenes head: prepared for the solem∣nity, whereunto all the Lords came, excepting those that stood for England, and from them the Gouer∣nour * 5.174 with much adoe was drawne to be present at the Coronation: but that accomplished, and the state affaires consulted vpon, it was agreed that the French Kings suite should be fauoured, and that the Earle Arran should be Gouernour still, whereat Earle Len∣nox conceiued such displeasure, as he became wholy * 5.175 for King Henrie, & ioined himselfe with the Earles of Augus, Gle•…•…carne, and Cassils, the Lords, Maxwel, Sum∣meruell Gray, and others that stood with the Eng∣lish for the match with Prince Edward.

(123) King Henry then hearing what was done, and intended▪ sent presently into Scotland to demand * 5.176 the Custody of the young Queene, and that certaine Scotish Noblemen might be appointed to guarde her in England, vntill shee came to yeeres of consent, according to Couenants formerly concluded; which no waies would be granted, and thereupon he pre∣pared an Army thetherward, vnder the Conduct of Lord Edward Sei•…•…er Earle of Hertford Lieutenant Generall by Land, accompanied with the Earle of * 5.177 〈◊〉〈◊〉, and a Fleete of two hundred saile by Sea, whereof Sir Iohn Dudley, Vicount Lisle was Ad∣mirall.

(124) To the aide of the Scots the Peopes holi∣nesse was very forward, who sent them the Patriarch * 5.178 of Venice as his Legate, & Orator, to perswade their Resolutions, with whom the French King sent Mon∣fieur * 5.179 la Broche, and Monfieur Menager, to lead them to fight▪ and fifty thousand Crownes of the Sun, to su∣•…•…taine the Charge; with munition worth ten thou∣sand Crownes more. It seemeth by Lesly that part of this siluer fell into the Earle Lenn•…•… his hand, and that therewith he made head against the Gouernor, but not able to match him, sent vnto King Henry for aide, with proffer of his seruice against the French side, which so well was accepted of Henry, as he made him his Nephew, by giuing the Lady Margaret his si∣sters * 5.180 daughter to be his wife.

(125) Th•…•… English thus seconded with this vn∣looked for Allyance, Cardinall Beton thought good * 5.181 to binde all to the Gouernour, who with the Autho∣rity of the Queene Dowager proclaimed Lennox an Enemy to the State. But in the meane while the Admirall of England was entred the Frith, and at new Hauen landed his men, where ioining his, to the land Seruice, they altogether marched thence towards L•…•…th, himselfe leading the Vaward, Shrewsbury the Rereward▪ and the Lord Lieutenant the maine Bat∣tell. * 5.182 These comming to Lieth, spoiled the Town, and thence to Edenbrough, burnt the City, and wa∣sted the Country for seauen miles about, this done they set fire vpon Haddington, and 〈◊〉〈◊〉, and then the whole Army returned vnto Barwicke.

(126) Whilst things thus passed in Scotland, and the maine purpose resting in suspence, King Hen∣ry * 5.183 well knew where the greatest rub did lie in his way, which was the French King, the chiefest▪ A bet∣ter of the Scots, whom he euer vpheld, to hold him tacke at home, least otherwise he should 〈◊〉〈◊〉 with France for his owne right. And therefore hauing ioined with the Emperour against the French, sent his Herald, Garter, King at Armes, to demand cer∣taine couenants, which if he refused, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 proclaime de∣fiance * 5.184 vnto open warres, but he not suffered to doe his message to the King, retur•…•…ed, and 〈◊〉〈◊〉 prepa∣red an expedition into France, wherein he imploied the Dukes of 〈◊〉〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉〈◊〉, the Earle•…•… of A∣•…•…, Oxf•…•…rd and Sur•…•…ey, the Lords, R•…•…ssell, Grey, 〈◊〉〈◊〉∣rers, 〈◊〉〈◊〉, and Sain•…•…-Iohn, besides many other * 5.185 seruiceable Knights, and Sir 〈◊◊〉〈◊◊〉 appointed high Admirall for the Se•…•…. Of these some 〈◊〉〈◊〉

with the Emperials, and shewed their value in the siege of Mattrell.

(127) The Duke of Suffolke in the meane while strucke downe his Standerds on the East side of Bol∣loigne, and with many sharpe skirmishes, entred the * 5.186 base Towne, which siege King Henry himselfe in person seconded, who hauing passed the Seas from England, vpon the sixe & twentith of Iuly, encamped before Bolloigne on the East-side, whence his Canons so rent the Wals and Bulwarke, as their mounted tops lay vpon the Ground, and his great morter pee∣ces were discharged with so skilfull a Compasse, that their bullets falling downe right, beate all buil∣dings downe vpon the Enemies heads. Whereby (saith Sleidane) in short time he got that, which neither * 5.187 his Father, nor the Kings in former times could neuer winne. For thereupon the Town was surrendred and cleared of the French souldiers, women and children.

(128) The King like a Conquerour with his sword borne before him entred the Gate, where the * 5.188 Duke of Suffolke presented him with the keyes of the Towne, the Trumpets still sounding, and no∣thing wanting that might applaud his fame. The Towne thus wonne, the English meant still to keep; for the strengthening whereof, the King comman∣ded the faire Church of Saint Maries to be taken downe, and in the same place, a mount to be raised for the planting of Ordinance, to annoy any siege. But being thus busied in Bolloignes affaires, the Em∣perour without his knowledge or consent, came to a peace with the French King, whereat King Henrie was sore displeased, and the sooner left France, lea∣uing * 5.189 Sir Iohn Dudley Lord Lisle, his deputy in Bol∣loigne, and landed at Douer the first day of October, to his great honor and ioy of his Subiects.

(129) The French King chafed with this late and great losse, sought to trie fortune in further at∣tempts, * 5.190 and that not onely for the recouery of Bol∣loigne (which with twenty thousand well appointed hee assaied) but also in assayling the English domi∣nions, as the Ile of Wight and those parts of Sussex * 5.191 that lay vpon the Seas, though with losse of many Captaines and thousands of Souldiers, that neuer re∣turned to tell him what intertainement they had; as likewise in sending aide vnto Scotland, where Mon∣sieur Mungumry of the Order of France, with 5000 strong, entred to maintaine the breach betwixt them * 5.192 and K. Henry, which was so followed on both parts, as the English making a Roade towards Gedworth, got praise for their valour, but reproch for their spoiles, and the Scots renowne for killing the Lord Eure, Lord Warden of the East-Marches, with many other Captaines in defence of their Countrey. * 5.193

(130) Hereupon an Army of twelue thousand strong was sent into Scotland, whereof the Earle of Hertford was Generall: with these he forraged the Borders before him, and burnt many Townes in the Middle-Marches, with Kelsey & Coldingham Abbey, the French not hastie to stay the incursion, lay still, and let them (vnfought with) depart for England.

(131) But the warres remoued againe into France, the Reingr•…•…e with a great power came to vi∣ctuall * 5.194 a Fort built neere vnto Bolloigne; to impeach which, the Earle of Surrey, then Lie•…•…tenant of the Towne made forth, but was discomfited in the en∣terprize, and Sir Edward Poy•…•…ings Captaine of a Band * 5.195 slaine, with fifteene other Captaines, besides many Officers and Common Souldiers. These Princes wars in these violent proceedings, became very fear∣full least they would grow to the Common hurt of Christendome, and therefore many other poten∣tates, whereof the Emperour was first, sollicited these Kings vnto a peace, which the sooner was heard and * 5.196 imbraced, for that they were both of them old, and King Henry diseased in body, Commissioners there∣fore appointed certaine articles were agreed vpon: the first thereof was, that the French King should pay vnto King Henry, eight hundred thousand * 5.197 Crownes in eight yeeres space, and then to r•…•…nter vpon Boll•…•…igne, but in the meane time it to remaine vnder the English; to accomplish which peace Moun∣sieur * 5.198 Danebalt high Admiral•…•… of France, was sent into England; and Sir Thomas Cheynie Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports, to be the Kings Agent at the Font, for the Baptisme of the Dolphins new borne daughter.

(132) Notwithstanding these Complements, the sight of Bolloigne was a great sore in the French mens eies▪ insomuch that Monsieur Chatillon Captain * 5.199 of Mountplaisier, beganne to make a new Bastilion * 5.200 neere vnto the Towne, euen in the very mouth of the Riuer, which the Lord Grey of Wilton perceiuing certified the King, what inconuenience would hap∣pen if that were made strong, and the same discus∣sed at the Counsell-Table, it passed with one voice that the Peace with France was not to be infringed, notwithstanding this French attempt: to which end a prohibition drawne, whereunto King Henry also set his hand, that no let should be made against Chatillon in his Fort. Howbeit the King commanded Sir Thomas Palmer (imploied in this busines) to bid the * 5.201 Lord Grey to impeach the new worke, and to flat so much as was raised thereof vnto the Earth. This commission read with the report of Command to the Contrary, the Counsell of State, thought it most meete to follow their instructions in writing, least the words might either be mis-deliuered or mis∣taken. But the Lord Grey causing the messengers words to be writ, and subscribed with all their hands that were present at the report, suddainely and vn∣looked for, came to the Fort, and in foure houres space cast downe, what had beene in raising three * 5.202 moneths before, which when the King heard off, he asked his Counsellors what they thought of this, that Chatill•…•…-garden was cast downe▪ amongst whom one of them answered, the d•…•…er thereof was worthy to loose his head, I had rather (said the King) loose a dozen of such heades as thine is, then his that had done the deed, and immediately sent the Lord Grey his pardon with many great thankes. * 5.203

(133) But now the d•…•…te of his time almost run▪ and he preparing towards the way of all flesh, the * 5.204 great and faire Church of the Gray Friers London, lately suppressed by himselfe, he caused againe to be opened, and to be made a Parish Church, giuing the reuenewes thereof vnto the Citie of London to∣wards the reliefe of their poore, whereunto he gaue fiue hundred Markes yeerely of Lands for euer to maintaine Gods diuine seruice and the said Chur∣ches * 5.205 reparations, within whose walles we finde this often written, This is Christs Church founded by King Henrie the eight.

(134) And his sicknes in•…•…asing to the great dan∣ger of life hee prepared himselfe to make his Wil, wherein howsoeuer titles had been vnhabled in Par∣liaments, * 5.206 he ordained his three children to succeede each after others; for want of other Issue; One thousand markes he commanded to be giuen to the poore, and to twelue poore Knights at Winsere each of them twelue pence a day for euer, euery yeere a long Gowne of white cloth, the G•…•…ter imbroidered vpon the breast, wherein was placed the Crosse of Saint George, and a Mantle of red cloth to bee worne thereupon, ord•…•…ning for his Executors in the mi∣nority of Prince Edward, these heere vnder named.

• 1 Thomas Cr•…•…er, Archbishop of Ganterbury.
• 2 Thomas 〈◊〉〈◊〉▪ Lord Chancellor▪
• 3 William 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Knight of the Order.
• 4 Lord Saint-Iohn Great Master of the Houshold
• 5 Iohn Russell Lord 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Seale.
• 6 Edward 〈◊◊〉〈◊◊〉 of Hertford Lord great Chamber•…•…ine.
• 7 Iohn 〈◊◊◊〉〈◊◊◊〉 Lord high Admiral
• 8 Cutbert 〈◊◊〉〈◊◊〉. of 〈◊〉〈◊〉.
• 9 〈◊◊〉〈◊◊〉 Knight M^r. of the Horse▪
• 10 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Page•…•… Knight of the Order.
• 11 〈◊◊〉〈◊◊〉 Chiefe iustice of the Common-ple•…•….
• ...

• 12 Thomas Bromley Lord Chiefe Iustice.
• 13 Anthony Deny Knight.
• 14 Edward North Knight.
• 15 Edward Wotton Knight.
• 16 Doctor Wotton Deane of Canterbury.

And for their aide and assistance in Counsell he appointed these following.

• 1 Henry Fitz-Alan Earle of Arundel.
• 2 William Parre Earle of Essex.
• 3 Thomas Cheney Knight, Treasurer of the Hou∣shold.
• 4 Iohn Gage Knight, Cōtroler of the Houshold.
• 5 Anthony Winkefield Knight, Vice-Chamber∣laine.
• 6 William Peter Knight, principall Secretary.
• 7 Richard Rich Knight.
• 8 Iohn Baker Knight.
• 9 Ralph Sadler Knight.
• 10 Thomas Seimer Knight.
• 11 Richard Southwell Knight.
• 12 Edmund Pecham Knight.

And in great penitency for his sinnes, died vpon Thursday the twenty eight day of Ianuary, in the * 5.207 yeere of Christ Iesus 1546. when hee had raigned thirty seuen yeere, nine moneths, and fiue daies, & had liued fifty fiue yeres, fiue months, & fiue daies, whose body with great solemnity was buried at Windsore vnder a most costly and stately Tombe be∣gunne in Copper and guilt, but neuer finished, in the inclosures of whose Grates is curiously cast this in∣scription. HENRICVS OCTAVUS REX ANGLIAE, FRANCIAE, DOMINVS HI∣BERNIAE, FIDEI DEFENSOR with what cost and state this his Monument was intended, is manifested by a Manuscript taken from the true modell thereof, which I receiued from that indu∣strious Herauld, Master Nicholas Charles Lancaster, and for the great magnificence is worthy heere to be inserted.

The maner of the Tombe to be made for the Kings Grace at Windsore.

First, the pauement wherevpon the Tombe shall stand, shall be of Orientall stone: That is to say, of Alabaster, Porfido, Serpentines, and other stones of diuers colours, as in the patterne sheweth.

Item, vpon the same Pauement shall be two great steps vnder all the worke of like Orientall stones.

Item, the Basement of the Pillers shall be of white Marble with Angel•…•… holding betweene them Crownes or Garlands guilt, and white Marble as more plainely sheweth in the Patterne.

Item, aboue the said Basement and Angels, shall be all the old Testament, that is to say, xiiij. Images in the xiiij. Casements of the same two Pillers of the Prophets, and all the Pillers which shall be xvi. shall be of stones Serpentine, Porfido and Alabaster, and other fine Orientall stones, of such colours as is shewed in the Patterne; and the foote of euery pil∣ler, and also the head shall be of Brasse. And euery Prophet shall haue an Angell sit at his foote, with Scripture of the name of his Prophet, and aboue ouer the head of the same shall bee the story of his Prophet: in euery of which Story shall bee at least viij. or xi. figures.

Item, aboue all the same Pillers shall bee another Basement of white Marble, with a partition being made of such fine Orientall stones as the Pillers bee, wherein shall bee written such Scripture as please you.

Item, aboue the same Basement shall be the Story of the new Testament, that is to wit, with the Ima∣ges of the Apostles, the Euangelists and the foure Doctors of the Church, and euery Image shall haue sitting at his foote a little child with a Scripture of the name of his Image, and a little Basket full of red and white Roses, which they shall shew to take in their hands, and cast them downe off the Tombe and ouer the Pauement, and the Roses that they shal cast ouer the Tombe shall bee enamelled and guilt, and the roses that they cast ouer the Pauements shal be of fine Orientall stones of white and red.

Item, behinde all the same Images of the new Te∣stament round shall be made in brasse and guilt all the life of Iesus Christ from the natiuity to his ascen∣tion, and it shall be so clearely and perfectly made, that the Mystery of Christs life to his ascention shall plainely appeare.

Item, aboue the said new Testament and Images thereof, and aboue the said life of Christ, shall bee a Quire of xx. Angels standing vpon a Basement of white Marble, with great Candlestickes in their hands hauing lights in them shewing to honour and reuerence the same Tombe.

Item, all these foresaid figures, stories and orna∣ments shall be made to garnish and ornate the two Pillers of the Church betweene which the Tombe shall be set.

Item, betweene the said two great Pillers of the Church thus garnished, shall be a Basement of white Marble of the height of the Basement of the Pillers, and therein the Epitaph of the King and Queene, with letters of gold, of such Scriptures as yee de∣uise.

Item, vpon the same Basement shall bee made two Tombes of blacke-touch, that is to say, on either side one, and vpon the said Tombes of black Touch shall be made the Image of the King and Queene on both sides, not as death, but as persons sleeping, be∣cause to shew that famous Princes leauing behinde them great fame, their names neuer doe die, and shal lie in roiall Apparels after the antique maner.

Item, ouer the right hand, ouer both the sides of the same Tombe shall be an Angell which shall hold the Kings Armes, with a great Candlesticke, hauing as it were light on it as a Lampe, and in like manner shall be an other Angell holding the Queenes Armes on the left hand with a like Candlesticke.

Item, on the right hand and left hand on both the sides ouer the said Images of the King and Queene, shall be two Angels shewing to the people the bo∣dies of the King and Queene holding aboue their Heades veiles of gold, and the Crownes of the King and Queene on their hands.

Item, betweene the said two Tombes of blacke Touch and the said Angell ouer the King & Queene shall stand an high Basement like a Sepulchre, and on the sides whereof shalbe made the story of Saint George, and ouer height of the Basement shall bee made an Image of the King on Horsebacke, liuelie in Armor like a King after the Antique maner shew∣ing in countenance and looking on the said two I∣mages lying on the said Tombes.

Item on the right hand and left hand of the said two Tombes shall bee foure Pillers of the foresaid Orientall stones, that is to say, on either side two Pillers, and vpon euery Pillar shall bee a like Base∣ment of white Marble with partitions for Scriptures as shall be aboue the other Pillers. And on the same foure Basements of the said Pillers shall bee made foure Images, two of Saint Iohn Baptist, and two of Saint George, with foure little children by them ca∣sting roses, as is aforesaid.

Item, ouer the said Image of the King on Horse∣backe shall bee made an Arch triumphall, of white Marble wrought within, and about it, and vpon the same Arch, in maner of a Casement of white Marble garnished with like Orientall Stones of diuers co∣lours, as the pattern sheweth, and on the two sides of the said Casement shall be made and set of brasse guilt, the story of the life of Saint Iohn Baptist, and one hight of the said Casement shall bee made fiue steps, euery one more then other downeward, of like Orientall stones, as the said Pillers shall shew.

Item, on the foure corners of the said Casement

shall be made the Images of the foure Cardinal ver∣tues hauing such Candlestickes in their hands as is aboue said.

Item, on the toppe of the highest step of the said fiue steps on the one side shall be an▪ Image of the Father, hauing in his left hand the Soule of the King and blessing with his right hand, with two Angels holding abroad the Mantle of the Father on either side.

Item, in like wise shall bee made on the other side the said Image of the Father, hauing the soule of the Queene in his left hand, blessing with his right hand with like Angels.

The height of the same worke from the Father vnto the Pauement shall be xxviij. foot.

Item the breadth and largenes of the said worke shall be xv. foote, and the Pillers of the Church in greatnes, v. foote: and so the largenes of the said worke, from the vttermost part of the two great Pil∣lars shalbe xx. foote.

Item, euery of the Images of the xiiij. Prophets, shall containe euery Image V. foote in length, and the Angels shall containe two foote and a halfe in length.

Item, euery of the xx. Pillers shall containe in length X. foot.

Item, euery of the Images of the Apostles, Euan∣gelists and Doctors shall containe in length V. foote and the Angels as is abouesaid.

Item in likewise euery of the xx. Angels of the quire shall containe in length two foot and a halfe, and in likewise the Images of the Children two foot and a halfe.

Item, the foure Images of S^t. Iohn Baptist and S^t. George and all the figures of the father and Angels on the V. steps shall be V. foote.

Item, the foure Images of the King and the Queen shall be of the Stature of a man and woman, and the foure Angels by them of the stature of a man euery one.

Itē, the Image of the King on Horseback with his Horse shall be of the whole stature of a goodly man and large Horse.

Item, there shal be a Cxxxiiij. figures, Xliiij. Stories, and all of Brasse guilt, as in the patterne appeareth.

(135) This magnificent Monarch was of pre∣sence Maiesticall, and of Personage more then ordi∣narily t•…•…l, faire of Complexion and Corpulent of bo∣dy, very wise and very well learned, of a sudden and ready speach, in youth very prodigall, and in his age very liberall, pleasant and affable, but not to be dal∣lyed with, bolde in attempting, and euer thirstie of potent glory: an expert Souldier, and fauouring such as were actiue or seruiceable, according to the then vsuall saying, King Henrie loues a man: and indeed somewhat too wel the delights with women, as by his many wiues heere ensuing, may well appeare.

His Wiues.

(136) Katherine the first wife to King Henry was the daughter of Ferdinando the sixt King of Spaine, and widow dowager of Prince Arth•…•…r his elder bro∣ther, as hath beene said: she was married vnto this King the third of Iune: and first of his Raigne, the yeere of saluation 1509. being solemnely crowned with him vpon the twenty fourth day of the same, and was his wife aboue twenty yeeres, and then di∣uorced from him by the sentence of the Archbishop of Canterbury: liued three yeeres after by the name of Katherine Dowager. Shee deceased at Ki•…•…balton * 6.1 in the County of Huntington the eight of Ianuary, and yeere of Christ 1535. and lieth interred on the North-side of the quire in the Cathedrall Church of Peterborow vnder a hearse of Blacke Saye, hauing a white Crosse in the middest.

(137) Anne, the second wife of King Henry, was the second daughter of Sir Thomas Bullen, Earle of Wiltshire and Ormond. Shee was solemnly at Wind∣sore created Marchionesse of Pembrooke, the first of September and twenty foure of his Raigne, hauing * 6.2 one thousand pound giuen her by yeere, to main∣taine her estate. Shee was married vnto king Henry in his Closet at White-Hall, vpon the twenty fift day of Ianuary, and yeere of Christ Iesus, 1533. being the foure and twentith of his Raigne, and was Crowned with all due obseruances, at Westminster vpon Whit∣sunday the first of Iune, where the Crowne of Saint Edward was set vpon her head, the scepter of Gould deliuered into her right hand, and the Iuory rodde with the Doue into her left. Shee was his wife three yeeres, three monthes and twenty fiue daies, when being cut off by the sword the nineteenth of May, her body was buried in the Quire of the Chap∣pell in the Tower, leauing her accused fame to bee * 6.3 censured as affections best pleased the vncharitable minded, and her bed to bee possest of a vertuous Lady.

(138) Iane, the third wife of King Henry, was the daughter of Iohn Seimer Knight, and sister to Lord Edward Seimer, Earle of Hertford, and Duke of Som∣merset. Shee was married vnto him the twentieth of May, euen the next day after the beheading of Queene Anne, and the twenty eight of his Raigne. Shee was his wife one yeere, fiue monthes and twen∣ty foure daies, and died in Child-bed the foureteenth of October, to the great griefe of the King, who not onely remoued from the place, but kept himselfe priuate, and wore the Garment of mourning euen in the Festiuall time of Christmas, her body was so∣lemnely conueied to Windsore the eight of Nouem∣ber following, where she was interred in the middest of the Quire of the Church within the Castell.

(139) Anne the fourth wife of King Henry and sister to William Duke of Cleue was married vnto him the sixth of Ianuary in the thirty one yeere of his Raigne, the yeere of Grace, 1540. shee was his wife sixe moneths, after which time certaine Lords of * 6.4 the vpper House of Parliament came into the ne∣ther, and alleaged cause for which that marriage was vnlawfull, whereunpon shee was diuorced, and by Statute enacted, that shee should no more be taken for Queene, but should be called the Lady Anne of Cle•…•…e. See remained in England long after the Kings death, though small mention is made of her by any of our Writers, only we finde that she accompanied the Lady Elizabeth through London at the solemni∣zing of Queene Maries Coronation.

(140) Katherine the fifth wife of King Henry the eight, was the daughter of 〈◊〉〈◊〉, and Neece vnto Thomas Howard his brother, Duke of Norfolke: Shee was married vnto him the eight of August and yeere of •…•…race 1540. being the thirtie two of his Raigne, at Hampton Court, and continued his Queene the space of one yeere, sixe moneths and foure daies, and for her vnchaste life was attainted by Parliament, and for the same beheaded within the Tower of London the twelfth of February and her body buried in the Chauncell of the Chappell by Queene Anne Bullen.

(141) Katherine the sixth and last wife of King Henry was the daughter of Sir Thomas Parre of Ken∣dall and sister to Lord William Parre Marquesse of Northampton, shee was first married to Iohn Neuill, Lord Latimer, and after his decease, vpon the twelfth of Iuly maried vnto the King at Hampton Court, the yeere of Saluation, 1543. and thirtie fiue of his Raigne: Shee was his wife three yeeres, sixe months and fiue daies, and suruiuing him, was againe marri∣ed vnto Thomas Seimer Lord Admirall of England, vnto whom she bare a daughter, but died in the same Child-bed, the yeere of Grace, 1548.

His Issue.

(142) Henrie the first sonne of King Henry by Queene Katherine his first wife, was borne at Rich∣•…•…d in Surrey vpon the first of Ianuary, and the first

of his fathers Raigne, whose Godfathers at Font were the Lord Cranmer, Archbishop of Canterburie, and the Earle of Surrey: his Godmother, Lady Ka∣therine Countesse of Deuonshire, daughter to King Edward the fourth. This Prince liued not fully two months but died in the same place wherein he was borne, vpon the two and twentieth of February, and his body with all due obsequies buried in Westmin∣ster.

(143) A sonne not named was borne vnto King Henrie by Lady Katherine his first Queene in the month of Nouember, and the sixth yeere of his Raigne, who liued not long, and therefore no fur∣ther mention of him can bee made: the deathes of these Princes King Henrie tooke as a punishment from God, for so he alleaged it in the publike Court held in Blacke-friers London, they being begot on his owne brothers wife.

(144) Marie the third childe and first daughter of King Henrie by Queene Katherine his first wife, was born at Greenewich in Kent, the eighteenth of Fe∣bruar•…•… in the yeere of Christs humanity, 1518▪ and the eighth of his Raigne. Shee was by the direction of her mother brought vp in her Childe-hood by the Countesse of Salisbury her neere kinswoman, for that as some thought, the Queene wished a marriage betwixt some of her sons and the Princesse, to streng∣then her Title by that Aliance into Yorke, if the King should die without issue Male. In her yong yeeres shee was sued to be married with the Emperour, the King of Scots, and the Duke of Orleance in France, * 6.5 but all these failing, and shee succeeding her brother K Edward in the Crowne, at the age of thirtie sixe yeeres, matched with Phillip King of Spaine, to the great dislike of many, and small content to her selfe, hee being imploied for the most part beyond the Seas, for griefe whereof and the losse of Calice, shee lastly fell into a burning feauer, that cost her her life.

(145) Elizabeth the second daughter of King Henrie, and first childe by Queene Anne his second wife, was borne at Greenwich, vpon Sunday the se∣uenth of September, the yeere of Christ Iesus, 1534 and twenty fiue of her Fathers Raigne, who with due solemnities was baptized the Wednesday fol∣lowing, Archbishop Cranmer, the old Dutches of Norfolke, and the old Marchionesse of Dorset being the witnesses at the Font, and the Marchionesse of Excester at the confirmation: Shee succeeded her si∣ster Queene Marie in the Monarchy of England, and was for wisdome, vertue, piety, and Iustice, not one∣lie the Mirrour of her Sexe, but a patterne for Go∣uernment to al the princes in Christendome: whose name I may not mention without al dutiful remem∣brance, and whose memory vnto me is most deare, amongst the many thousands that receiued extraor∣dinary fauours at her gracious and most liberall hand.

(146) Another man childe Queene Anne bare vnto King Henry, though without life vpon the nine * 6.6 and twentieth of Ianuary, and twenty seuen of his Raigne, to the no little griefe of the mother, some dislike of the King, as the sequel of her accusation and death did shortly confirme.

(147) Edward the last childe of King Henry, and first of Queene Iane his third wife, was borne at Ham∣pton Court, the twelfth of October, the yeere of Grace, 1537. and twenty nine of the Kings Raigne, being cut out of his mothers wombe as is constant∣ly affirmed, like as Iulius Caesar is said to haue been: his Godfathers at the Font, was Thomas Cranmer, Archbishop of Canterbury, and the Duke of Norfolk, his sister Lady Mary being Godmother, saith Graf∣ton: Sixe daies after his birth he was created Prince of Wales, and at the death of his Father, succeeded him in all his Dominions, of whom more followeth heereafter.

His Naturall Issue.

(148) Henrie Fitz-R•…•…ie the naturall sonne of * 6.7 King Henrie the eight was begotten of the Lady 〈◊〉〈◊〉 called Elizabeth Blunt, and borne in the Mannor of Black•…•…moore in Essex about the tenth * 6.8 yeere of his Raigne; at the age of sixe yeeres he was created Earle of Nottingham and in the fiue and twentieth of his Fathers Raigne vpon the eigh∣teenth of Iune in the Kings Pallace of Bridewell was made Duke of Richmond and Sommerset, Lord War∣den of the East, West, and Middle-Marches against Scotland, and Lieutenant Generall of all the parts of England Northward, he was a Prince very forward in Marshal Actiuities, of Good literature and know∣ledge in the tongues, vnto whom the learned Anti∣quary Leland dedicated a Booke; He married Ma∣rie daughter of Thomas Howard Duke of Norfolke, Earle Marshall and Lord high Treasurer of England, with whom he liued not long, but died at Saint Iames * 6.9 by Westminster the two and twentieth of Iuly in the yeere of Christ Iesus, 1536. and was buried at Fra∣mingham in Suffolke.

THe tempestuous 〈◊〉〈◊〉 in the Raigne of this King Henrie the eight, and the violent de∣luge raised against the Church-state of his times; bare downe so many religious strong foun∣dations, and were the destruction of so many beautifull Monasteries, as the onely relation of their numbers and names, would haue much interrupted the narration of his history. Wher∣fore to retein•…•… their memorials (though their walles are laid wast•…•…) aswell for the reue∣rence we owe vnto venerable Antiquity, as for the example of their Founders holyzeale, we haue inserted a Catalogue of their names, orders, and true valuations, as in the originall Booke thereof taken by Com∣mission, and giuen vnto the King, we finde them set down, though at their dissolutions their values were fauourably and farre vnder rated. Some Founders, and times of foundations wee want, the rest, Tablewise, to auoid prolixity wee haue set downe in this present following CHAPTER.

Notes

• * 1.1

  Monarch 58
• * 1.2

  Henry VIII.
• * 1.3

  A. D. 1509.
• * 1.4

  King Henry his birth place. Polydor.
• * 1.5

  The most lear∣ned King of Christendom•…•…
• * 1.6

  King Henry and Queene Kathe∣•…•… crowned Edw. Hall.
• * 1.7

  King Henry vsed to sit often in Councell him selfe in person.
• * 1.8

  Dudley, Empson.
• * 1.9

  Ioh. Stow.
• * 1.10

  Hollinsh. pag. 791.
• * 1.11

  Edw. Hall.
• * 1.12

  In Yocester Northamptonshire
• * 1.13

  Edmund Dudley condemned.
• * 1.14

  Io. Sotw Annal.
• * 1.15

  K. He•…•…ies iustice and charity com∣mended.
• * 1.16

  Holinsh.
• * 1.17

  Henry a goodly man of shape and stature.
• * 1.18

  K. Henries great strength.
• * 1.19

  The Popes let∣ters vnto King Henry.
• * 1.20

  K. Henry deman∣ded France.
• * 1.21

  Iohn Lesly Bishop of Rosse.
• * 1.22

  A. D. 1510.
• * 1.23

  K. Henry maketh league with ma∣ny Princes. Guiccardin.
• * 1.24

  King Henry entreth France.
• * 1.25

  An. Reg. 1. Edw. Hal.
• * 1.26

  Sleidans Com. The Emperour serueth K. Henry.
• * 1.27

  Anglorum praelia.
• * 1.28

  Paulus Iouius.
• * 1.29

  Battell of Spurs.
• * 1.30

  A. D. 1513 August. 24
• * 1.31

  Terwin wonne and the Cit•…•…zens sworne vnto Henry.
• * 1.32

  Edw. Hall. Turnay befieged by K. Henry.
• * 1.33

  The strength of Turnay.
• * 1.34

  A. D. 1513. Octob. 2. King Henry in triumph entred Turnay.
• * 1.35

  Ioh. Lesly.
• * 1.36

  K. Iames of Scot∣land incited by the French King. Edw. Hal. Holinsh. See the contents of this letter in Ioh. Leslie Bishop of Rosse, dated at Edenbrough the twenty sixt of Iuly in A. D. 1513.
• * 1.37

  Lions terrified at K. Henries answeres.
• * 1.38

  See the contents of this letter in Holinshed, dated from the Campe at the fiege of Terwin the 12. of August. A. D. 1513.
• * 1.39

  Iames King of Scotland enters England.
• * 1.40

  Thomas Earle of Surrey King, Henries Lieute∣nant maketh to∣wards the Scots.
• * 1.41

  Lord Howard profereth battel vnto K. Iames.
• * 1.42

  King Iames ac∣cepteth of battel
• * 1.43

  Iohn Lesly.
• * 1.44

  The fight begun.
• * 1.45

  Paulin 〈◊〉〈◊〉.
• * 1.46

  The Scots at the first encounter be at the English backe.
• * 1.47

  The battels ioin.
• * 1.48

  The Scots put to flight.
• * 1.49

  The valiant cou∣rage of K. Iames.
• * 1.50

  〈◊〉〈◊〉 king of Scots slaine with 12. Earles, and 17. Lords.
• * 1.51

  The Honourable receiuing of Car∣dinall Campiut.
• * 1.52

  Matth. 21 9.
• * 1.53

  The Cardinals rich treasures shewed in Cheap side.
• * 1.54

  Charles the Em∣perour com∣eth into England.
• * 1.55

  Iohn Stow.
• * 1.56

  Rich. Turpin.
• * 1.57

  King Henrie go∣eth into France.
• * 1.58

  Rich. Grafton.
• * 1.59

  Edw. Hall.
• * 1.60

  A. D. 1521. An. Reg. 13.
• * 1.61

  Variance be∣twixt England and France.
• * 1.62

  Iohn Stow.
• * 1.63

  R. Grafton.
• * 1.64

  Taken out of the Cardinals owne letters dated Ia∣nuary 16. Anno. 1524.
• * 1.65

  Duke Burbon made King Hen∣ries Captaine General. Instructions of King Henry dated in Anno 1524. Rich. Pace Secre∣tarie.
• * 1.66

  The English Em∣bassages into forraine States.
• * 1.67

  The wrongs done by the French vnto the English.
• * 1.68

  Iohn Lest.
• * 1.69

  The Queenes Dowry vapaid.
• * 1.70

  A. D. 1522. A generall mu∣ster.
• * 1.71

  Io. Stow.
• * 1.72

  Charles the Em∣perour commeth againe into Eng∣land.
• * 1.73

  Holinsh. in Anno 18. Henrie. 8.
• * 1.74

  The Emperour affianceth Lady Mary.
• * 1.75

  Iohn Sleidan. Com.
• * 1.76

  K. Henry wrote against Martin Luther.
• * 1.77

  The Popes Ora∣tion at the deli∣uery of K. Hen∣ries booke. Ex Original.
• * 1.78

  Troubles in Ire∣land.
• * 1.79

  Holinsh pag. 84.
• * 1.80

  Discention be∣twixt the Lord Deputies of Ireland.
• * 1.81

  Kildare accused to the Cardinall.
• * 1.82

  The Cardinals speech at the Counsell Table against Kildare.
• * 1.83

  Kildare inter∣rupteth the Car∣dinals tale.
• * 1.84

  The Lords ten∣der Kildare.
• * 1.85

  He answereth the Cardinals obiection.
• * 1.86

  In what ease stand the Noble∣men of Ireland with Rebels.
• * 1.87

  Kildare commit∣ted to prison.
• * 1.88

  Kildare accused for suborning of Traitors
• * 1.89

  Kildar commit∣ted to the Tower.
• * 1.90

  Kildares noble courage. Holinshed. Hist. of Ireland.
• * 1.91

  Kildar receiued into Dublin with procession.
• * 1.92

  The French king imprisoned at Madril. G•…•…ard.
• * 1.93

  Queene mother soliciteth King Henry.
• * 1.94

  Dislikes 〈◊〉〈◊〉 the Emperour and K. Henry.
• * 1.95

  Peace betwixt England and France.
• * 1.96

  Signed with 〈◊〉〈◊〉 ovvne 〈◊〉〈◊〉, in Ann. 1526.
• * 1.97

  The great Do∣minions of the Emperour.
• * 5.1

  Guicchard. Rich. Turpin. G. C•…•….
• * 5.2

  A. D. 1528.
• * 5.3

  The Kings Ora∣tion to his No∣bility.
• * 5.4

  Edward Hall.
• * 5.5

  The Kings com∣plaint.
• * 5.6

  The commen∣dation of Queen Katherine.
• * 5.7

  George Couen. Learned men assembled to decide the Kings marriage.
• * 5.8

  The testimonies of many Vniuer∣sities sent vnto Rome. Iohn Stow. pag 9•…•…1.
• * 5.9

  Cardinall Cam∣peiu commeth into England.
• * 5.10

  The King and Queene summo∣ned to appeare personally in the Court at Blacke Fryers.
• * 5.11

  Queene Kathe∣rines speech to the King.
• * 5.12

  Queene Kathe∣rine departed the Court.
• * 5.13

  The Kings re∣port of his Queene.
• * 5.14

  The King excu∣seth the Cardi∣nall.
• * 5.15

  King Henries conscience and care.
• * 5.16

  The Bishoppe of Rochester contra∣dicteth the Archbishop of Canterbury.
• * 5.17

  Cornelius Agrip∣pa yeeldeth to the proposition.
• * 5.18

  The Popes vsur∣pation forbid by Parliament.
• * 5.19

  •…•…x Parl. 24 H. 〈◊〉〈◊〉. K. Henries mar∣riage dissolued by Parliament.
• * 5.20

  Fox Mart. 1197.
• * 5.21

  Katherine Dowa∣ger.
• * 5.22

  Holinsh. pag 93•…•….
• * 5.23

  Pope Clement 7. adiudgeth the marriage law∣full.
• * 5.24

  The thunde∣rings of Pope Clement 7.
• * 5.25

  Sleidan. com. li. 9.
• * 5.26

  The discent of Anne Bullen.
• * 5.27

  Sir Godfrey Bul∣len Lord Maior of London. Anne 1457.
• * 5.28

  Sanders in Schis. Angl.
• * 5.29

  Anne Bullen re∣ligion.
• * 5.30

  Sleid. com. lib. 9.
• * 5.31

  Anne Bullen Cre∣ated Marchio∣nesse of Pem∣brooke.
• * 5.32

  A. D. 1532. Octob. 11.
• * 5.33

  K. Henrie com∣plaineth of the dull Pope.
• * 5.34

  King Henrie al∣lowed the Pope 60000. Angels monethly.
• * 5.35

  Iohn Stow pa. 946 Anne Dom. 1533. Nou•…•…mb. 14. Vpon S. Erken∣walds day, saith Hollinshd and Groston. King Henry ma∣ried Anne Bul∣len.
• * 5.36

  The Pope.
• * 5.37

  Elizabeth Barton the false Oracle or the Roma∣nists.
• * 5.38

  The assisters of this false Pro∣phe•…•…esse.
• * 5.39

  Read Statue. in Anne 25. of King H. 〈◊〉〈◊〉.
• * 5.40

  The counterfe∣tings of Eliza∣beth Barton.
• * 5.41

  Edward Hall. Ioh. Stow. Holinsh.
• * 5.42

  Cranmer. Cromwell. Latimer.
• * 5.43

  Elizab. Barton. Edward Bocking. Richard Deering. Richard Risby. Richard Maister. Henry Gould. Two Monkes.
• * 5.44

  Iohn Stow.
• * 5.45

  Edward Duke of Buckingham beheaded.
• * 5.46

  Holinshed.
• * 5.47

  The vaine feare of Prior Bolton.
• * 5.48

  The Pope inci∣teth Iames King of Scotland a∣gainst England.
• * 5.49

  Iohn Lesly.
• * 5.50

  High treason
• * 5.51

  The Pope giues England to him that could get it.
• * 5.52

  Queene Anne crowned.
• * 5.53

  Lady Elizabeths birth. A. D. 1533.
• * 5.54

  Fox Martyr. 1366.
• * 5.55

  Statut. Parl. H. 28. cap. 10.
• * 5.56

  Queene Anne a great louer of the Gospell.
• * 5.57

  A. D. 1536. Ian. 29.
• * 5.58

  Queene Anne deliuered of a dea•…•… Child.
• * 5.59

  Queene 〈◊〉〈◊〉 sent to the Tower.
• * 5.60

  M•…•…ch. Sandt. The 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of Queene Anne.
• * 5.61

  Cromwels letter to the King vn∣der his own hand
• * 5.62

  Archbishop Cranmers let 〈◊〉〈◊〉 to the King.
• * 5.63

  Sleidans Com. l. 10
• * 5.64

  L. Rochford. No•…•…is. West. 〈◊◊〉〈◊◊〉 & Marks beheaded.
• * 5.65

  May 15.
• * 5.66

  Queene Anne condemned and beheaded.
• * 5.67

  Robert Greene.
• * 5.68

  Queene Annes speech at her death.
• * 5.69

  Ex MS.
• * 5.70

  The audacious dealings of the Rebels.
• * 5.71

  Slanderous vn∣truths against the King.
• * 5.72

  The oath of the Pilgrims.
• * 5.73

  The Earle of Shrewsbury ma∣keth against the Rebels.
• * 5.74

  Ex MS. R. Coe.
• * 5.75

  Thomas Duke of Norfolke Lord Lieutenant of the North.
• * 5.76

  Pardon and peace offered to the Rebels.
• * 5.77

  Ex Original MS.
• * 5.78

  The demands of the Commons
• * 5.79

  The whole drift was to down with the Gospel.
• * 5.80

  An vncharitable and vnchristian motion.
• * 5.81

  Holinsh. pag. 944.
• * 5.82

  Aske executed.
• * 5.83

  Luk. •…•…2. 36. Spirituall men Commotioners.
• * 5.84

  Monkes hanged for rebellion.
• * 5.85

  Idols and Mona∣steries suppres∣sed by Parlia∣ment.
• * 5.86

  A. D. 1538.
• * 5.87

  The Roode of Grace broken at Pauls Crosse.
• * 5.88

  Lamb. Peram. in Boxeley.
• * 5.89

  Our Lady of Wal∣singham and o∣ther Images burnt.
• * 5.90

  Cambd. Brit. 645. Monaste∣ries in England, 90. Colledges. 110. Religious Hospitals. 2374. Chaunte∣ries and free Chappels.
• * 5.91

  Eras. Dialogue.
• * 5.92

  W. Lamb. Peram.
• * 5.93

  The state and o∣pinion of Tho. Beckets Shrine.
• * 5.94

  Iohn Stow.
• * 5.95

  The great riches of Beckets Shrine.
• * 5.96

  The great reue∣newes of the Mo∣nasteries.
• * 5.97

  Supplication of Beggars.
• * 5.98

  The great reue∣newes of the Friers.
• * 5.99

  2. Cor. 12. 14.
• * 5.100

  D•…•…ut. 25. 4.
• * 5.101

  Apoca. 9.
• * 5.102

  Iere. 13 26.
• * 5.103

  Many suffered death for the Gospell before that Martin Lu∣ther wrote.
• * 5.104

  Queene Anne Bullen a fauourer of the Gospell, staied the rage a∣gainst the Pro∣fessours.
• * 5.105

  King 〈◊〉〈◊〉 doings displea∣sed many Chri∣•…•… Princes.
• * 5.106

  Camb. Brit.
• * 5.107

  Lord Marquesse and others be∣headed. A. D. 1539. Ian. 9.
• * 5.108

  Ioh. 〈◊〉〈◊〉.
• * 5.109

  King Henry mar∣ried Anne of 〈◊〉〈◊〉. 〈◊〉〈◊〉. 6. An. 1540.
• * 5.110

  〈◊〉〈◊〉▪ Mart. 1296.
• * 5.111

  The sixe Articles deuised▪
• * 5.112

  32. H. 8. chap. 10▪ 35. H. 8. cap. 5.
• * 5.113

  Lord Cromwell imprisoned.
• * 5.114

  In a letter writ•…•… ten by himself•…•…. Ex MS. An•…•… 32. 〈◊〉〈◊〉. 〈◊〉〈◊〉. cap. •…•…5.
• * 5.115

  Queene 〈◊〉〈◊〉 diuorced by Parliament.
• * 5.116

  Cromwell affect his death 〈◊〉〈◊〉∣ted by 〈◊〉〈◊〉∣ment. Ex MS.
• * 5.117

  D. 〈◊〉〈◊〉▪
• * 5.118

  No such things as 〈◊〉〈◊〉 〈◊〉〈◊〉 poseth 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Cromwell.
• * 5.119

  N•…•… 〈◊〉〈◊〉 by 〈◊〉〈◊〉 well to cause 〈◊◊◊〉〈◊◊◊〉.
• * 5.120

  〈◊◊◊〉〈◊◊◊〉 the Lady 〈◊◊◊◊◊◊〉〈◊◊◊◊◊◊〉▪
• * 5.121

  A. D. 1540.
• * 5.122

  〈◊〉〈◊〉.
• * 5.123

  A. D. 1541. May 17.
• * 5.124

  Margaret Coun tesse of Salisbury beheaded.
• * 5.125

  Lord Dacres han∣ged.
• * 5.126

  Stat. in 33. of H. 〈◊〉〈◊〉. cap. 21.
• * 5.127

  Since the eight of August 〈◊〉〈◊〉.
• * 5.128

  Queene Kathe∣rine and the La∣dy Iane Roch∣ford beheaded.
• * 5.129

  The 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of 〈◊◊〉〈◊◊〉∣cted.
• * 5.130

  S•…•…t. H. 8. 28. c. 10.
• * 5.131

  〈◊〉〈◊〉. H. 8. 3•…•…. c. 4.
• * 5.132

  The fixe bloody Articles ena∣cted.
• * 5.133

  Iohn Fisher. Sir Thomas Moore beheaded.
• * 5.134

  Fox. Mart. pap. 1363.
• * 5.135

  Anne Askew her story. Io. Bale Cent. 8. •…•…ol. 669.
• * 5.136

  Rom. 1. 16.
• * 5.137

  Three conuersi∣ons by N. D. pag. 495.
• * 5.138

  Anne accused by no rule of Chri∣stianity.
• * 5.139

  〈◊〉〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉〈◊〉 compared.
• * 5.140

  The Counter▪ Newgate and the Tower.
• * 5.141

  〈◊◊〉〈◊◊〉 〈◊〉〈◊〉∣ned in Smithfield.
• * 5.142

  〈◊〉〈◊〉 as 〈◊〉〈◊〉 suppose. Three 〈◊〉〈◊〉∣ons. pag. 493.
• * 5.143

  〈◊〉〈◊〉▪ 〈◊〉〈◊〉 & 〈◊〉〈◊〉.
• * 5.144

  Queene 〈◊〉〈◊〉∣rines life laid 〈◊〉〈◊〉.
• * 5.145

  Ibid. co•…•…. p 494.
• * 5.146

  〈◊〉〈◊〉 three con•…•…ersions.
• * 5.147

  The Lord Chan∣cellor lost his commission.
• * 5.148

  The Queene seeth the sen∣tence of her death.
• * 5.149

  Queene Kathe∣rine visiteth the King▪ who falleth in conference with her about 〈◊〉〈◊〉.
• * 5.150

  Act. and Mon. Queene Kathe∣rines wise answer.
• * 5.151

  The Lord Chan∣cellors purpose to apprehand the Queene.
• * 5.152

  Henry assumeth the name of King of Ireland. A. 154▪ confirmed by Parl. 35. Hen▪ 〈◊〉〈◊〉. Iohn 〈◊〉〈◊〉
• * 5.153

  The Kings of England and Scotland appoint to meet at Yorke▪
• * 5.154

  A. D. 1542.
• * 5.155

  An expedition into Scotland.
• * 5.156

  The Scotish no∣blemen refuse to inuade England▪
• * 5.157

  The Lord 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of the We•…•…-Borders y•…•…eld to the Kings per∣swasions.
• * 5.158

  Willi•…•… 〈◊〉〈◊〉 saith Stow.
• * 5.159

  The mistaking of th•…•… 〈◊〉〈◊〉.
• * 5.160

  〈◊◊〉〈◊◊〉 the Kings 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Generall.
• * 5.161

  The Scotish No∣•…•… in 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of their generall 〈◊◊◊〉〈◊◊◊〉.
• * 5.162

  〈◊◊〉〈◊◊〉.
• * 5.163

  Solem-mosse.
• * 5.164

  Gra•…•…n saith foure and twen∣tie.
• * 5.165

  The death of K. 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of Scotland.
• * 5.166

  A marriage in∣tended betwixt Prince Edward, and the young Queene of Scot∣land.
• * 5.167

  The Scotish pri∣soners honoura∣bly entertained.
• * 5.168

  The Scotish Pri∣soners released without Ran. some.
• * 5.169

  Io•…•… 〈◊〉〈◊〉.
• * 5.170

  The marriage of Prince Ed∣ward and Queen Mary, concluded by Parliament.
• * 5.171

  Cardinill 〈◊〉〈◊〉 against the 〈◊〉〈◊〉∣ringe with Eng∣land.
• * 5.172

  The French King set•…•… faction▪ in Scotland.
• * 5.173

  The Queene, and Queene mother conuey∣to ed 〈◊〉〈◊〉.
• * 5.174

  Queene Marie of Scotland crow∣ned.
• * 5.175

  The Earle of Lennox falleth from the Queene mother.
• * 5.176

  King Henry d•…•… mandeth the young Scotish Queene.
• * 5.177

  An Army 〈◊〉〈◊〉 into Scotland.
• * 5.178

  Io•…•…n Leslie.
• * 5.179

  Iohn Leslie. The Pope and French King send aide into Scot∣land.
• * 5.180

  Math. Earle of Lennox marrieth Lady Margaret.
• * 5.181

  Earle Lennox proclaimed an enemie to the state.
• * 5.182

  The English en∣•…•… Scotland.
• * 5.183

  A. D. 1544.
• * 5.184

  Defiance sent into France.
• * 5.185

  Io•…•…. Stow.
• * 5.186

  Bolloigne besie∣ged.
• * 5.187

  Io•…•…. Sleid•…•…. 〈◊〉〈◊〉.
• * 5.188

  Bolloigne wonne.
• * 5.189

  R. Gra•…•…con.
• * 5.190

  Iohn Serres.
• * 5.191

  The French in∣uade the Ile of Wight and the coasts of Sussex.
• * 5.192

  A Roade made into Scotland.
• * 5.193

  Lord 〈◊〉〈◊〉 slaine.
• * 5.194

  A. D. 1546.
• * 5.195

  A great losse of English in France.
• * 5.196

  〈◊〉〈◊〉 Serres.
• * 5.197

  〈◊◊〉〈◊◊〉. 〈◊〉〈◊〉. lib. 7.
• * 5.198

  Peace concluded betwixt England and France.
• * 5.199

  Holinshed.
• * 5.200

  Chasti•…•… raiseth a fort neere •…•…nto Bolloigne.
• * 5.201

  King Henries comand against his own writing.
• * 5.202

  The Lord Grey fla•…•…teth Chatill•…•… •…•…ort.
• * 5.203

  A. D. 1547.
• * 5.204

  King 〈◊〉〈◊〉 〈◊〉〈◊〉.
• * 5.205

  Iohn 〈◊〉〈◊〉 in Suruey Lon∣don.
• * 5.206

  〈◊〉〈◊〉 the 〈◊〉〈◊〉▪ of December and▪ 〈◊〉〈◊〉. of his raigne.
• * 5.207

  King Henries death.
• * 6.1

  A. D. 1533
• * 6.2

  A. D. 1532▪
• * 6.3

  A. D. 1536.
• * 6.4

  A. D. 1540.
• * 6.5

  〈◊〉〈◊〉. p. 183.
• * 6.6

  Iohn Stow.
• * 6.7

  A. D. 1519.
• * 6.8

  Iohn Stow. 〈◊〉〈◊〉.
• * 6.9

  Thomas Mille•…•…. Holinshed saith 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Thetford in Nor∣folke. p. 1237.