The antiquities of Canterbury. Or a survey of that ancient citie, with the suburbs, and cathedrall Containing principally matters of antiquity in them all. Collected chiefly from old manuscripts, lieger-bookes, and other like records, for the most part, never as yet printed. With an appendix here annexed: wherein (for better satisfaction to the learned) the manuscripts, and records of chiefest consequence, are faithfully exhibited. All (for the honour of that ancient metropolis, and his good affection to antiquities) sought out and published by the industry, and goodwill of William Somner.

A Survey of the present Church, with the monuments there∣in, as also of the more ancient buildings within the pre∣cinct both of it, and the Palace, with the ambitus or pre∣cinct it self.

COming (in the next place) to the survey whereof; I * 1.1 will begin (à digniori) with the Church it self, that which (as Erasmus h 1.2 hath it) tanta majestate sese erigit in coe∣lum, ut procul etiam intuentibus religionem incutiat. That is, raiseth it self aloft with so great a majesty and statelinesse, that it striketh a sensible impression of religion in their mindes that behold it afarre off. Before our entrance whereinto let me acquaint you with what I have from the same Erasmus i 1.3 who observed it, that over head at the en∣trance of the South Porch of the Church, sometimes stood the statues cut in stone of certain armed men, those name∣ly which murdered Archbishop Becket, not in approbation of their fact, nor for any honour intended them thereby more then is given to Iudas, Pilate, Caiaphas, or the band of Souldiers, whom (saith Erasmus) you shall see elaborately engraven in guilded altars. They are (saith he) set out to sight for premonition, that no Courtier afterward should lay violent hands either upon the persons of Bishops, or their possessions.

Now enter we the body of the Church, a right noble * 1.4 structure. Ingressis aperit sese spatiosa quaedam aedificii maje∣stas, saith the same Erasmus k 1.5. This questionlesse is the identicall nave or body, of whose age and authors you so

lately heard. Turres sunt ingentes duae procul veluti salutantes advenas, miroque nolarum aenearum boatu longè latéque regionem vicinam personantes, saith Erasmus l 1.6. Now that Steeple which you see at the West-end and South-side of the Church, is the Oxford-tower, or Dunstan-steeple I so late∣ly * 1.7 spake of, and one of them. And the opposite one with the lofty spire or shaft covered with lead is the other, and the same that is said to be of Archbishop Arundells building, * 1.8 and at this day called by his name. But under correction, without warrant of truth, as I conceive, induced thereunto partly from the work of the Steeple which I hold elder then Arundells time, by comparing it with other pieces of that age, and partly by this note in the records of the Church, seeming to me by the Character almost as ancient as the time of Arundell.

Pondus quinque campanarum in campanili Angeli de novo do∣natarum per Reverend. in Christo patrem & D. D. Tho. Arundell Cantuar' Archiepiscopum Anno Dom. 1408. &c.

This note you see calls it Angel, not Arundel-steeple, as I suppose it would have done; or at the lest have mentioned him the founder, had he indeed erected it. Besides I meet with the Angel-steeple in the Church-records long before Arundells time, .i. in the dayes of Henry of Eastry the Prior, * 1.9 and by the same name this very Steeple I finde to be called in divers dead mens wills m 1.10 since Arundells time. Let me but adde that Harpsfield in the life of Archbishop Arundel mentions not this Steeple amongst the rest of his acts of note, and I proceed.

This nave or body of the Church omnes recepit (saith E∣rasmus) admits of all comers, but at the upper end for the better security of the upper part of the Church, where the shrine was and other treasure, was of old parted off from the Quire by certain iron grates or barres; the doores whereof for the same reason doubtlesse, Archbishop Winchelsey, by his Statutes n 1.11, commanded to be kept alwayes close shut, unlesse in time of Divine Service, or at other times of ne∣cessary ingresse and egresse. Without offence to which in∣junction

let us enter. At or neare which place of entrance sometime stood a great crosse, in the head whereof was kept and inclosed that golden crown which (as is shewed be∣fore) King Knute gave to the Church, and under it an altar: which was known by the name of Altare sanctae crucis inter chorum & navem, and Altare sub magnacruce ecclesiae o 1.12.

Next observe we the first crosse-iles (wings some call them) of the Church, those (I mean) between the nave and the quire, which by the work, seem of like age with the body, saving that the North-Ile (the goodly and glorious window at the head whereof, a piece in it kinde beyond compare, was the gift of Ed. 4. as may be seen upon it) with the lofty Tower or Steeple in the middest or meeting of the Crosier by these capitall letters T. G. P. with the three gold stones; the mitre also and pastorall staffe in them both and Archbishop Warham's coat of armes beside in the roof of the latter (the Steeple;) I conceive of some∣what a later building, and perfected, as in the time, so chiefly at the cost of Prior Goldstone in Hen. 8. dayes.

In this North-Ile, between the cloyster-doore and the Lady-chapell is a place inclosed and set apart, called to this day the Martyrdome. Archbishop Becket (as tradition hath * 1.13 it) being here or hard by (at or upon the third or fourth griece or step of the Pulpitum or ascent to the Presbytery or quire, as some will) murdered, martyred they call it, whence these verses, on each leafe of the doore one, yet legible in part.

Est sacer intralocus, venerabilis, atque beatus Praesul ubi sanctus Thomas est Martyrizatus.

Here sometime stood an Altar, by the wall, where now D^r Chapman's monument is set up, commonly called Altare Martyrii Sancti Thomae. Which together with the place E∣rasmus saw, and hath left it thus described p 1.14. Illis (saith he) ostenditur altare ligneum Divae Virgini sacrum, pusillum, nec ulla re visendum, nisi monumento vetustatis luxum hisce tempo∣ribus exprobrante. Illie vir pius (meaning Becket) dicitur ex∣tremum

vale dixisse virgini, cum mors immineret. In ara est cuspis gladii, quo praesectus est vertex optimi praesulis, ac cerebrum confusum, videlicet quo mors esset praesentior. Hujus ferri sa∣cram rubiginem amore martyris religiosè sumus exosculati. From being the keeper of this Altar, Roger the Abbat of S^t Augustines was chosen to that Abbacy by the Monks there, in hope that he would bring with him some speciall reliques (saith my Author q 1.15) of the blessed Martyr; herein not deceived, for (saith he) he conveied to them a great part of Thomas his bloud that was shed, and a piece of his crown that was pared off. A thing which they of Christ-Church could not of a long time digest, nor would they suffer the other in quiet with the purloyned reliques untill at length some amends was made them by that composition made between the two houses, passing over unto Christ-Church (in exchange for other elsewhere) those houses and ground beside their Campanile, whereof you may reade before: as Thorne comments on it, nobis (that is to S^• Austins) multum inutilis & incommoda. But in callem regredior. This place (no doubt) was of high esteem with our Ancestors, the walls whereof seem to have been hangd, and was a place pickt out for the solemnity of Ed. 1. espousalls with his Queen Marga∣ret, whereof I reade thus in the records of the Church Anno Dom. 1299. Quinto idus Septembris, Dominus Robertus Cant. Archiepiscopus celebravit sponsalia inter Dom. Edwardum Re∣gem Angliae & Margaretam sororem Regis Franciae in ostio ec∣clesiae versus claustrum juxta hostium Martyrii Sancti Thomae. * 1.16

I passe hence to the Chapell contiguous, commonly cal∣led the Lady-Chapell, a piece not old; by the work, it should be much what about the age of Dunstan-steeple. In Anno Dom. 1452. I finde r 1.17 it called Nova Capella beatae Mariae.

I confesse I reade of the Lady-chapell long before. Archbishop Richard, Beckets immediate Successor, was bu∣ried in it. But that Chapell stood within the old body of the Church, and was parcell of it. I have it from the Church records verified by the leaden Inscription and Pontificall reliques, to wit, his Cope, Crosier and Chalice lately found

in digging D^r Anian's grave by S^t Iohn Boys his monument on the North side of the body, toward the upper end. That old Chappell was not heard of since the present body of the Church was built.

By the entry or testudo, under the greeces or steps (the pulpitum as wont to be called) leading up to the Quire, from the body, I proceed and come to S. Michaels Chapell, * 1.18 standing on the other (the South) side of the Quire. A Chapell indeed in name old. For Archbishop Langton in Hen. 3 dayes is storied s 1.19 to have been there intombed. But the work of the building of the modern Chapell will not bear that age. I am therefore perswaded that the old one was fain to be taken down, whilest the body and crosse Iles of the Church were in building, to give better way to that work, and that that being finished, this was new built as now it is.

Ascend we now by the steps or Pulpitum to the Quire * 1.20 (Chancell or Presbytery.) Ad hunc conscenditur multis gra∣dibus, saith Erasmus: which whole work of the Quire, from end to end, I mean, from the Westerne doore thereof un∣to the Archiepiscopall throne or marble Chair behinde the high Altar, with the side-iles, crosse-iles and other build∣ings on both sides the Quire (the Quires curious Westerne doore-case onely excepted, built, I take it, about the time that the body was) together with the under-croft (or vaults) to them (except the Princes Chapell there) are much of an age; there is that harmonious symmetry and agreement betweene the parts. But certainly of what age I cannot define; onely confessing it farre elder then the Nave; I dare constantly and confidently deny it to be elder then the Norman conquest: because of the building of it upon Arches, a forme of Architecture though in use with and among the Romanes long before, yet after their departure not used here in England till the Normans brought it over with them (as I told you) from France. So that (I say) elder then the conquest this piece t 1.21 cannot be, and I dare not pronounce it, the roof of it at lest∣wise

to be so old, because of the many combustions, beti∣ding the fabrick since the Conquest. But by many induce∣ments I am throughly perswaded that it is (for the main) the upper part of that new Church which Lanfranc first built, whereof I have treated sufficiently before. And so I have shortly done with the antiquity of this fabrick, the Quire.

Now a word or two of the Ornaments, and what else in it may worthily call for our speculation. To begin with the * 1.22 Hangings setting forth the whole story both of our Savi∣ours life and death. They were given, one part of them by Prior Goldstone, and the other by Richard Dering the Church-Cellerar, in H. 8. dayes. Witnesse these severall memorialls legible in the bordure of the hangings.

On the South-side.

Thomas Goldstone hujus ecclesiae Prior sacraeque Theologiae Professor me fieri fecit. Anno Dom. Millesimo quingen ^mo. undecimo.

On the North side.

Richardus Dering hujus ecclesiae Commonachus & Celerarius me fieri fecit Anno Dom. Millesimo quingen ^mo undecimo.

In the Church records I meet with Inferior and Superior chorus; and one Thomas Ingram of Canterbury, by his will * 1.23 in the office gives cuilibet Monacho de Superiori choro ecclesiae Christi Cant. xij^d. & cuilibet Monacho de inferiori choro ejusdem ecclesiae viij^d. Now as we see there are two rowes of stalls (an upper and a lower) on either side the Quire: so I conceive the seniors and superiors of the Monks used to sit in the up∣per, as the juniors or inferiors in the lower row; and that thence sprang the name of the superior and inferior chorus.

Above these stalls on the South side of the Quire stands the Archbishops wooden seat or chaire, sometime richly guilt and otherwise well set forth, but now nothing speci∣ous through age and late neglect. It is a close seat made after the old fashion of such stalls, called thence Faldisto∣ria u 1.24.

A little higher up, on the other side of the Quire, be∣tween

Chichlies, and Bourgchiers tombs was provision made heretofore for the storing and treasuring up of Saints re∣liques. This Repository was shewed to Erasmus, who spends these words upon it. Ad latus Septentrionale (saith he) refe∣runtur arcana, dictu mirum, quantum ossium illine prolatum est, calvaria, menta, dentes, manus, digiti, integra brachia, quibus omnibus adoratis fiximus oscula: nec erat futurus finis, nisi qui mihi tum comes erat ejus peregrinationis parùm commodus, in∣ter pellasset ostentandi sludium &c x 1.25. Hence Erasmus then be∣held, as we may now, the Altars table and ornaments; in∣deed (thanks to the piety of the times) very rich and beco∣ming such dayes of blessed peace as our Church (by Gods mercy) now enjoyes, but not comparable surely to those that Erasmus saw, or else he much hyperboliseth, where he saith: Diceres Midam & Croesum fuisse mendicos, si spectares vim auri atque argenti y 1.26. This Altar was and still is called the high Altar, more properly so, heretofore, then now, be∣cause it was the chief one in the whole Church, Christs Al∣tar, and to distinguish it from the Saints Altars, whereof the Church had many, 25. in number, one in the middest of the crosier between the nave and the Quire, a second in the * 1.27 Martyrdome, a third in the Lady-chapell, a fourth in S^t Michaels chapell, two in either wing of the Quire viz. in each semicircle there one, one in the Vestry, one in S^t An∣selmes Chapell on the other side of the Quire, three neare unto the high Altar it self, whereof one was S^t Dunstans, a second S^t Elpheges, a third (and that standing behinde the high Altar) S^t Blases, two at least in Beckets Chapell, where∣of one in the little side Chapell against Hen. 4. monument, and the other beyond the shrine, in the place called Beckets-crown, besides seven other in the undercroft, and two in the body of the Church which I had almost forgotten, whereof one was belonging to Arundels, and the other to Brenchlyes chantery there. One more there was, and that in the now Deanes-chapell.

But leaving these things and the Quire too, let us now * 1.28 ascend. Post Altare summum rursus velut in novum templum

ascenditur, saith Erasmus. To this I proceed, the upper part of the Church (I mean) from the grate between the Ar∣chiepiscopall throne or marble chaire, by the Mosaick or Musaick-work z 1.29, upwards, called (from the standing of his Shrine there) Beckets Chapell: which, with the vertex of the work, called Beckets crown (intended by Erasmus, where he saith a 1.30, Illic in sacello quodam ostenditur tota facies op∣timi viri inaurata multisque gemmis insignita &c.) the either side-Iles, (except the Chapell on the North-side, and the undercroft of it) I hold to be somewhat lesse ancient then the Quire and it undercroft: The ocular and peeked or pointed form of the arch, the round marble pillars or co∣lumnes both above and below (to passe by other disagree∣ments easily observable) showing a manifest discrepancy and difference of one from the other. For truth is, about the place where the Quire ends and that Chapell begins (observe but the works above and underneath, and you will easily perceive it) the Church once ended, and ex∣tended no further, the pillars and work coming on and clo∣sing there.

The certain age of this part neither can I finde, but from great probability do conceive it to be that new work (whereof Edmerus speaks) begun and furthered by this Pa∣tron) Archbishop Anselme, but continued and consumma∣ted by Enulph the Prior with the help of his Monks in Hen. 1. time. A work that (as I told you erewhile) was so envi∣ed of some about the King, and on the other side so much applauded and extolled by William the Monk of Malmes∣bury, who for the windowes, pavement, and other orna∣ments of it preferres it to any other in the whole kingdome. Nihil tale (saith he) possit in Anglia videri &c. as before. Properties wherein it yet justly deserves the comparison.

Some haply may here ask me why Beckets crown, if it be * 1.31 a piece so ancient, is so imperfect on the top? For answer unto them, I say, that time was when that piece was to the minde of the first founders complete, being built not alto∣gether so high at first as now it is. The Monks (saith tra∣dition)

at the the time of the Dissolution were in hand (in honour of Becket) to have advanc'd the building to a high∣er pitch, but their fall prevented that's rise. So that where∣as before it had a handsome complete battlement, it is now a great blemish to the Church, and an eye-sore to specta∣tors, by the ragged and imperfect ruines of it. This is that Corona Sancti Thomae, in beautifying whereof the Church Records tell me and I have before told you 115 lib. 12^s. was expended in Hen. the Priors time.

Now retreating let us take a view of the Vestry. A place * 1.32 of the Greeks called Diaconion and Diaconicon; but of the Latines Sacrarium, Secretarium, and Vestiarium. This Ve∣stry stands (like as Vestries generally do) on the North∣side of the Quire. Post haec ducimur in Sacrarium (the words which Erasmus b 1.33 spends upon it:) Deus bone, quae illic pompa vestium holosericarum, quae vis candelabrorum aureorum! Ibi∣dem vidimus pedum Divi Thomae. Videbatur arundo lamina argentea obvestita, minimum erat ponderis, nihil operis, nec al∣tius quam us que ad cingulum &c.

The keeper or curator of this place was usually called Sa∣crista: * 1.34 we English it the Sacristein or Sexten, and was one of the but three at first, afterwards foure Obedientiarii or officers (for so the word signifies, as Obedientia c 1.35 doth an office) of the Church; to one or other of which all the under Officers and Ministers within the precinct, some few of the Priors retinue excepted, did relate & appertain, viz. the Cellerar, the Sacrist, the Chamberlaine and the Trea∣surer. Within and under the Sextens office were these d 1.36.

• 1 Custos de Wexhouse (being, I take it, the small dark vault or grot under the steps leading up to Beckets Chapell.)
• 2. Primus serviens ecclesiae ad pulsandum.
• 3. Vigil ecclesiae.
• 4. Plumbarius Sacristae.
• 5. Duo clerici Altaris beatae Mariae.
• 6. Duo clerici tumbae & Martyrii.
• 7. Quatuor servientes ecclesiae ad pulsandum.
• 8. Vitriarius & garcio ejus.
• 9. Ostiarius Chori.
• ...

• 10. Serviens feretri.
• 11. Aurifrig. & lotrix ecclesiae.

For which last (the rest being of easie understanding) I conceive it was one that wrought the Church Vestments or hangings and the like in gold: but referre you to Sir H. Spelmans Glossary, and Martinius Lexicon upon the word Aurifrigium, for fuller satisfaction. Here, as season∣able, let me remember unto you, that Gervasius Dorober∣nensis, the Monke of this place, for his good authority, so often cited of our late Historians, was in his time, dignified with this Office, of the Sacrist here, a part whereof it was to deliver the Crosier to the new made Archbishop, which Ceremony this man very solemnely performed to Archbishop Hubert e 1.37.

There is a Roome next wall to this, having had a doore leading into it from hence, wherein partly, and part∣ly in the lost over this Vestry, the Church Records are kept. The Threasury we call it, but it was knowne to former times by the name either of Armarium or Armariolum f 1.38: and properly, since it was the Church Arcenall, yeelding them weapons or muniments wherewith to secure unto the Monkes their possessions and priviledges, whence also the Curator thereof was called Armarius.

Now a word or two of the Deanes-Chapell, and my sur∣vey * 1.39 of the Fabricks upper part is at an end. This Chapell, with the closet to it newer then the Chapell, fell to the then Deanes share upon the division of houses & buildings made anone after the change of the foundation by Hen. 8. By what name it was formerly called, is a thing uncertaine, or wherefore built. That Division calls it onely the Chapell next the Dorter. But observing the pictures of Pope Alex. 3. and Lewis 7. of France drawne on the Chapell-walls, the one opposite to the other, towards the East-end: observing also Beckets picture (as I take it, conjecturing by the new white glasse put in place of his coate of armes in the upper South-window, as the like was done generally throughout the Church where either this or his name was found:) and

then considering what a Patron, Pope Alex. 3. was to Becket, what a friend K. Lewis 7. was to him in his exile, and lastly what a benefactor, for his sake to the Monkes after his death, and that the Records of the Church have a Charter of Ed. 2. of xx^l. worth of land to be purchased for the su∣stentation of seven Chaplains that should dayly celebrate in the Chapell of S^• Thomas the martyr neare the Priory∣gate for the soules of himselfe, his Ancestors &c. Consi∣dering lastly, that the Priors ancient Gate, or the Gate of the Priory was and is, neare this Chapell, being the same which leadeth from the Green-Court into that which we now call the darke Entry, and so to the doore there now stopped up, the Timber-frame whereof is yet hanging on the things, and anciently lead into the Priors Cellar, as that other hard by it into his Chamber. All these things (I say) observed and considered, I am assured that this was S^t Thomas Chapell, otherwise Anno 16. Ed. 2. called Capella beatae Mariae & beati Thomae martyris juxta portam Prioratus; our Lady pictured in many of the Windowes sharing (it seemes) with him in the dedication.

Over this Chapell is the Church-library, not the same to the repaire whereof Archbishop Hubert gave the Church of * 1.40 Halstow, this being built (as erewhile I told you) by Arch∣bishop Chichley, and borrowed from the Chapell, or super∣added to it; the juniority of the worke, and the passage to it plainely intimate so much. It was by the founder and others once well stored with Bookes, but in mans memory shamefully robbed and spoiled of them all, an act much pre∣judiciall and very injurious both to posterity, and the Com∣mon-wealth of letters. The piety of the present Church∣men hath begun to replenish it, and may it have (what it well deserves) many benefactors, to the perfecting of the faire beginning; with which wish I leave both it and the Chapell.

And now I shall desire you would take notice of the Windowes, especially in the Churches upper part, which * 1.41 both for the glasse and Iron-worke thereof are well worthy

your observation. This part of the Church was highly commended of Malmesbury g 1.42 in his time, amongst other things, for this ornament. Nihil tale possit in Anglia videri, &c. saith he. And, I thinke his words hold true still. And I beleeve as much may be said of the Iron-worke about them, apparently various in every Window. Besides, these Windowes affoord and offer to our view certaine verses containing a paralell of the old and new Testament. They are many and therefore to avoyde too great an interruption here, you may finde them in my Appendix Scriptura 3.

Let me now leade you to the Undercroft. A place fit, * 1.43 and haply (as one cause) fitted to keepe in memory the subterraneous Temples of the Primitives, in the times of persecution. The West part, whereof being spatious and lightsome, for many yeares hath beene the Strangers-Church. A congregation for the most part of distressed * 1.44 exiles, growne so great and yet daily multiplying, that the place in short time is likly to prove a hive too little to con∣taine such a swarme. So great an alteration is there since the time the first of the tribe came hither, the number of them then consisting of but eighteene families or there∣abouts, which with the termes or Articles granted them at their humble suite by the then Maior and Communalty of the City, upon their first admittance, will appeare unto you, if you peruse what here followes h 1.45.

Dignissimis Dominis Domino Maiori & fratribus Consiliariis urbis Cantuariensis Salutem.

Supplicant humilimè extranei vestra libertate admissi in ista urbe Cantuariensi quat' velitis sequentes articulos illis conce∣dere.

Prior articulus.

1. Quia religionis amore (quam libera conscientia tenere percu∣piunt) patriam & propria bona reliquerunt, orant sibi liberum exercitium suae religionis permitti in hac urbe, quod in fiat

commodius sibi assignari templum & locum in quo poterint sepelire mortuos suos.

Secundus articulus.

2. Et ne sub eorum umbra & titulo religionis profani & male morati homines sese in hanc urbem intromittant per quos tota societas malè audiret apud cives vestros; supplicant nemini liberam mansionem in hac urbe permitti, nisi prius suae probi∣tatis sufficiens testimonium vobis dederit.

Tertius Articulus.

3. Et ne Iuventus inculta maneat, requirunt permissionem dari praeceptori quem secum adduxerunt instruendi Iuvenes, tum eos quos secum adduxerunt, tum eos qui volunt linguam Galli∣cam discere.

Quartus Articulus.

4. Artes ad quas exercendas sunt vocati, & in quibus laborare cupit tota societas sub vestro favore & protectione sunt Flo∣rence, Serges, Bombasin, D. of Ascot Serges, &c. of Orle∣leance, Frotz, Silkwever, Mouquade, Mauntes, Bages, &c. Stofe Mouquades.

Nomina supplicantium sunt.

Hector Hamon Minister verbi Dei.

Vincentius Primont Institutor Inventutis.

Egidius Cousin Magister operum, & conductor totius congrega∣tionis in opere.

• Michael Cousin.
• Iacobus Querin.
• Petrus du Bose.
• Iohannes de la Forterye.
• Noel Lestene.
• Nicolaus Dubuisson.
• Antonius du verdier.
• Philippus de Neuz.
• Robertus Iovelin.
• Iohannes le Pelu.
• Petrus de spoptes.
• Iacobus Bouclet.
• Tres viduae.

But enough of this. Returne wee to our Undercroft. Where, under the South-crosse Ile or wing of the Quire, was and still is (though not so used now) Prince Edw. Cha∣pell. The story whereof take here from the relation of its * 1.46 estate given up to the Commissioners; these Emissaries

sent to inquire and examine the state of all Chanteries, &c. upon and according to the Stat. 37. Hen. 8. cap. 4. which tels that the said Chantery was founded in Christ-Church, in a place called the Undercroft in the yeare of our Lord God 1363. by the aforenamed Prince Edw. who with li∣cence of his Father, King Ed. 3. purchased lands i 1.47, and made agreement with the Prior and Convent of Christ-Church for the contentation and stipend of two Chaplains: Ordeining S^r Iohn Steward, and S^r Nicholas de Lodington and their Successors for ever to receive yearely of the said Prior and Convent, forty markes above all charges of reparati∣ons or otherwise. Also the said Prince Ed. gave to the said Chaplaines and to their Successors for ever, a house being in Saint Alphage Parish of the yearely value of xx^s. whereof 4^d. is yearely resolute to S^t Austins: the reparation whereof to be kept alwayes at the proper cost of the said P. and Co. of Christ-Church. Hence you may perceive the Founder and time of foundation of this Chapell. At or shortly after this relation given up, the Chap. formerly with grates and barres parted off from the rest of the Un∣dercroft growing out of use and deserted, was laid open to it, and sithence (I take it) the double way beaten and made through the wall, for a passage, by that Chapell, to the French-Church there. I may not leave this Chapell before I have observed the roofe of it, a piece of newer and more curious worke then the rest of the Vaults about it, and yet the over built Structure as old as any that stands within the neighbour Vaults of elder-fashioned-worke. How this might be thus made, haply some will wonder. But their satisfaction is easie. For the elder Roofe of the Chapell (as it might well bee without indangering the Church) was undoubtedly taken downe, and that the Chapell might in all parts the better correspond and suite with the dignity and degree of the Founder, was rebuilt in that neate quaint manner that now it is.

Leaving now this Chapell, come we to the next, com∣monly * 1.48 called the Lady Vndercroft, an edifice, since the

Dissolution and Reformation quite deserted also and de∣spicable, but formerly so much celebrated, of such high esteeme, and so very rich, that the sight of it debarred to the vulgar, was reserved for persons onely of great qua∣lity. Erasmus, who by especiall favour (Archbishop Warham recommending him) was brought to the sight of it, de∣scribes it thus k 1.49.

There (saith hee) the Virgin-mother hath an habitation, but somewhat darke, inclosed with a double Sept or Raile of Iron, for feare of theeves. For indeed I never saw a thing more laden with riches. Lights being brought, we saw a more then Royall spectacle. In beauty it farre surpasseth that of Walsingham. This Cha∣pell (as he addes) is not shewed but to Noble men, and especiall friends, &c. The Chapell doubtlesse is ancient.

For in the Church-Records I read of Altare beatae Mariae in Cryptis almost 400 yeares agoe, to wit in the yeare 1242, and againe in the yeare 1322. At what time the Altars in the Undercroft are recorded to be these: S^t Iohn the Bap∣tist, S^t Thomas the Apostle, S^t Clement the Pope, S^t Kathe∣rine the Virgin, S^t Nicholas the Bishop, S^t Mary Magdalen, and S^t Mary the Virgin. If this word Altar amount not to prove it a Chapell: Capella (I am sure) it is called in the foundation of the Lady Mohunes Chantery, in the yeare 1397. long before Archbishop Mortons dayes, who some say was the founder of it. Which mistake in Print of the Chapells Antiquity, thus corrected, let us proceed.

A few steps forward brings us to Beckets Tombe, the * 1.50 place (I meane) above the Lady-Chapell, so called, and that from Archbishop Beckets first interment there; whose dead body the Assassinats giving out they would take and cast it forth into the open fields to be a prey for beasts and birds, or otherwise abuse the Carkasse l 1.51, the then Monkes forthwith buried here, where afterwards it rested untill such time as Stephen Langton his Successor translated it in such solemne manner as you shall heare hereafter. In the meane time comes Hen. 2. with bloudy feete to visit this place, and pray at his Tombe, in part of his penance m 1.52.

Hither also came Lewis the seventh of France, and here offered his Centum modios vini, per quandam cuppam auream in perpetuam eleemosynam annuatim in Castellaria Pistiaci reci∣piendos ad opus Conventus Cantuariae n 1.53. This parcell of the Undercroft (a most godly Vault and rarely paraleld, and a place, heretofore untill Beckets shrine and Saint-ships ut∣ter downefall and casheering, no doubt much set by, and celebrated) fell to the share of D^• Bray his predecessors up∣on the division of houses and places of accommodation for the Deane and Prebendaries, whereof I have often told you. Which is all I have to say of it (unlesse I should re∣member the Altar once standing there, called Altare Tum∣bae beati Thomae martyris:) and periods my Survey of the Churches Fabricke, both Crypticall and other, saving that in a word or two I must remember the Cloister and Chap∣ter-house.

For the latter of which, questionlesse it is the same, * 1.54 which in Prior Chillendens time (as whilome was said) was new-builded; you may finde his name (as a benefactor) over the entrance, in the foote of the West-Window. This was not onely the place for Capitular meetings and treaties about Church-affaires, but also for the exercise and exe∣cution of regular Discipline. Hence the discipline here said to be inflicted on Hen. 2. for Archbishop Beckets mur∣der, whereof our Stories tell o 1.55.

As for the former (the Cloister, the keeping whereof, and so of the Refectory, the Dormitory and the Infirmary, very private, was cautiously provided for of Archbishop Winchelsey by his Statutes p 1.56, especially excluding women thence) it likewise seemes to be the same which was then new set up. The South-pane or Quarter whereof, some∣what more beautified then the other three, I take to be that which Archbishop Courtney (as was shewed before) tooke order by his Will to be made, and hath his Armes set up about the entrance to it at the West-end. As for the many other Armes thicke set about the Cloister, by the way, I suppose them to be theirs that were benefactors in their

time, either to the Church or Monastery, or both: where∣of I perswade my selfe the number was not small, as may probably be argued from that one instance which Master Cambden gives of the new building of Crowland Abbey in Lincolnshire; whither I referre such as desire to know and learne, by what meanes such mighty huge and faire Reli∣gious houses and buildings as these were raised in former times. And this shall suffice to have spoken of the Church.

Now to make my Survey compleate, I must another while play the Mystagogus, and shew you the Monuments, * 1.57 purposely reserving them till now, because being many, and some of them yeelding length of discourse, they would have too much interrupted my Survey of the Fabricke, if I should have intermixt them with it. Here I intend not a recitall of every Monument I meet with, but chiefely of the more ancient ones; those of latter times, being either fresh in memory, or more easily knowne by the Inscripti∣ons and Epitaphs cut in the grave-stones, then those of el∣der times, either wanting Inscriptions ab initio, or else done in Brasse, which for the most part is either with age defaced, or the Brasse it selfe by wicked hands purloined. And not all of them neither will I set downe in this place, purposing to mention the Archbishops and Priors Monu∣ments in their severall Catalogues.

And so I begin with the first (I meane, the lowermost) Monument in the body of the Church. Where is a very * 1.58 faire grave-stone with much of the Brasse yet remaining, and having almost all the Inscription or Epitaph still intire, saving (the principall) the interred parties name upon it. It begins thus. Hic jacet in requie—and there (the brasse being worne or rather torne away) breakes off. My dili∣gence to inquire of the ancient retainers of the Church, whose Monument it was, could have no satisfaction. Yet at length one of them told me that the name was extant since his memory, which he said (as his memory served him) was either Bobingham or Robingham, or the like. This brought into my minde the name of Bokingham, which

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This Font was giuen / consecrated by the right reverend father in God, John L. Bishop of Rochester / Oxford this present yeare, 1630

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Pay 181.

with Bokingham Chantery I had often read of in Records both of the Church and Consistory. From this hint there∣fore given, I proceeded in my search, and at length found q 1.59 this story of one Iohn Bokyngham or Buckingham, viz. That in Rich. 2. dayes he was keeper of the privy Seal; afterwards Lord Bishop of Lincolne. From whence in the yeare of our redemption 1397. Pope Boniface the 9^th, bearing him some grudge, translated him perforce unto Lichfield, a Bishoprick not half so good, which he refused to accept, and choosing rather a retired Monastick course of life, be∣came a Monk of this Church, where he spent the rest of his dayes. Afterwards amongst the Church Records I met with the foundation of his Chantery (the Instrument or Charter thereof I mean) his Will likewise, in which he ap∣points to be buried In Navi ecclesiae deorsum &c. By this time (I suppose) you are satisfied with me whose monu∣ment this is. In the Covenants between him and the then Prior and Cov. for his Chantery, one article required them with all convenient speed, to build him à Chantery Chapell neare unto his sepulchre: but I finde none he had. By his will (inter alia) he gave to the fabrick of the high Altar (made it seems, about that time) xx lib. His monument thus restored I proceed.

Observing by the way, and that in the next place, one * 1.60 rare piece of novelty, which, because it hath been hitherto omitted, and is so worthy as I may not altogether balk or utterly passe it over in silence, I must affoord a place here, and that not altogether improperly, since it is a monument; not of the dead, I confesse, but (which is much better) of the operative and exemplary piety of the living Donor. Whosoever knows not my meaning may know, that by the munificence of a late worthy member of this Church, D^r Warner, the now right reverend Lord Bishop of Roche∣ster, the Church, this part of it at least, is newly much graced with (what before it never had, though much wanted) a fixed Font, and that such a one, as whether it be more curious or more costly, I am not able, if worthy to

judge; but both wayes (I am sure) so excellent and ex∣quisite, that the Author cannot but be famous for it, whi∣lest the Church continues graced by it: and the rather, because it is (I take it) the first thing of worth, that by any private hand hath been offered to this Church of latter times. Leaving this let us on.

In the same body, somewhat higher up, upon the grave∣stone of one S^r William Septvans, I reade as followeth.

Icy gist Gulian Septvans chevalier qui morust le dernier iour * 1.61 D'aust, Can de Grace. M. cccc. vij. de quele alme Deux eit pite & mercy Amen.

This S^r W^m. (saith Wever) served in the wars of France, under Ed. 3. Milton by Canterb. (I take it, and as I gather by his Will^r) was his seat. In and by which his Will, it is re∣markable r 1.62 that he gave Manumission to divers of his slaves and Natives.

Hard by the former.

Sub hoc marmore jacent corpora Willielmi Septvans militis, * 1.63 qui obiit quarto die mensis Martii Anno Dom. 1448. & Elisabe∣thae uxoris ejus filiae Iohannis Peche militis, quae obiit 28. Martii. sequen' quorum animabus propitietur Deus.

Sum quod eris, volui quod vis, credens quasi credis Vivere fortè diu, mox ruo morte specu. Cessi quo nescis, nec quomodo, quando sequeris, Hinc simul in coelis ut simus quoque preceris.

This family of the Septvans, or de septem vannis, a long time together flourished in these parts. Molond in Ash was a seat of theirs, where in one of the windowes, this mot∣to or impresse, properly, pertinently and most significantly alluding to their coat, is found. Diss••pabo inimicos Regis mei ut paleam. Many of the family lie inter'd in Ash-church. And of the name one, a Knight Templar he was as it seems by the crosse-legged posture of his effigies on the grave-stone, hath a monument in the Chancell of Chartham Church. He was one I suppose of the Septvans of Milton, anciently a Chapell to Chartham. In callem regredior.

Not farre hence.

Hic jacet Odomarus Hengham armiger qui obiit 4. April. * 1.64 Anno Dom. 1411.

On the South-side of the Body.

Hic jacet expectans misericordiam Dei, pernobilis vir Iohan∣nes * 1.65 Guilford miles, unus Consiliarior. illustrissimi Regis Hen. 7. qui quidem Iohannes obiit 19 die Mensis Iul. 8. Hen. 7. An∣no 1493. Cujus animae propitietur altissimus. Iesu Filius Dei miserere mei.

Of him and his familie Wever hath many things.

On the same side.

Hic jacent Willielmus Bruchelle (sive Brenchley) miles, * 1.66 quondam Iustitiarius Domini Regis de communi banco, qui obiit in Holborne in Suburb. London XX^o Maii 1446. & Ioanna uxor ejus quae obiit 1453. Aug. 8. He had a Chantery and Chan∣tery-chapell, the revenues whereof the Dissolution seized on and swept away. The Chapell is that (I take it) hard by his monument, which is now called Deane Nevells Chapell, from his buriall there, and his cost in repairing it, whilest he lived for that purpose, after it had lien long desolate.

There also.

Here lieth Edmund Haute Esquire—1408. By his Will s 1.67, * 1.68 he gave ten pounds operi ecclesiae Christi Cant.

On the North-side of the Body.

Thomas Fogge jacet hic, jacet hic sua sponsa Iohanna, Sint celo cives per te Deus hos & Osanna; Regni protector Francos Britones superavit Nobilis Rector sicuti Leo Castra predavit Et quoque militiam sic pro patria peramavit Ad summam patriam Deus hic ab agone vocavit.

Reade more of him, and others of his name and family, if you please you may in Wever. I finde ten marks given by him in his Will t 1.69, ad opus ecclesiae Christi Cant. Anno 1407.

There.

Sub isto marmore requiescit corpus magistri Ricardi Wille∣ford, * 1.70 quondam Capellani Cantariae de Arundell, cujus ani∣mae &c. obiit 1520.

There also.

Hic jacet Robertus Clifford armiger, frater recolendae memo∣riae * 1.71 Domini Richardi Clifford Episcopi Londoniarum, qui obiit ix^o die mensis Martii, Anno Dom. 1422. Cujus &c.

There also.

Hic jacet Dominus Willielmus Arundell miles Iusticiarius * 1.72 Domini Regis.

In the same body are also the monuments of Prebendary Milles, of one Thomas H••o the younger of Cant. 1407. of William Lovelace Serjeant at Law, and high Steward of the liberties of Christ-Church, and of Anne his first wife 1576. of Dobs an Alderman of Cant. 1580. of the Lady Crook wife of S^• Gerard Crook Knight 1579. as also of divers other, but mostly obscure and mean personages, which I think not mention-worthy. Wherefore I leave the Nave, and step to the Martyrdome. Where I reade upon one of the grave-stones.

Hic jacet Iohannes Fyneux miles, & Elizabetha uxor ejus * 1.73 filia—Paston—the rest gone. To supply which de∣fect, I desire you to look back to the Augustine-Friers, where you shall finde that he was Lord chief Justice of the Common pleas, both under Hen. 7. and Hen. 8. and an espe∣ciall benefactor to that Covent.

In the Lady-Chapell.

Hic jacet sub hoc marmore expectans misericordiam Dei, ve∣nerabilis * 1.74 vir Magister Iohannes Bourchier Archidiaconus Cantuariensis, qui quidem Iohannes migravit ad Dominum sexto die mensis Novemb. 1495. Cujus &c.

In S. Michaels Chapell.

Where (as Wever hath it) between her two husbands * 1.75 (Iohn Beaufort, Marquesse Dorset, lying on her left side, and Thomas Plantagenet Duke of Clarence, on her right) Mar∣garet, daughter of Thomas, and sister, and one of the heires to Edmund Holland, Earls of Kent, lieth gloriously intomb∣ed. Of her and them you may be further informed, if you please to consult Wevers monuments. For I hasten.

And am now come to Beckets Chapell, where is offered * 1.76

to our view the sumptuous monument of Edward sirnamed the Black Prince, (so by named, not of his colour, but of his dreaded acts in battell) with his Epitaph, both in prose and verse, in the French tongue. It is large, and Wever hath taken it out already and englished it, wherefore that labour is saved. This was that Prince Edward, for whom, and by whom, in my survey of the Church, I told you, the Chapell and Chantery was founded in the Undercroft.

Here also is the tombe of Hen. 4. King of England, (gra∣cious * 1.77 in his time to the Monks of this Church by his confir∣ming to them the ancient priviledges and prerogatives of the same v 1.78) and of Ioane his second wife, daughter of Charles the fift, King of Navarre. Of them both, as also of Mary, the same Henrie's first wife, Wever hath many things, of him especially, both in verse and prose: amongst the rest his Will. In which (inter alia) I note that he willed to have a Chantery to consist of 2 Priests to sing and pray for his soul in this Church, and in such place thereof and manner as should seem good to his Cousin the Archbishop of Can∣terbury (Tho. Arundell.) In all probabilitie the little Chapell on the North-side of his monument is the very Chapell which was built for that purpose: the window-work where∣of, by Prior Goldstones name in the foot of it, seems to be of his repairing.

I leave this Chapell and descend to the Undercroft. * 1.79 Where are two Lady-monuments, the one of Isabel Coun∣tesse of Athol, whereof let Wever further informe you.

The other of the Lady Mohun, wherewith I will better * 1.80 acquaint you from the Charter or Instrument of her Chan∣tery, recorded in a Lieger of the Church. She lived in the dayes of Rich. 2. and writes herself Domina de Donesterr, springing (it seems) from that noble and mighty house or family of the Mohuns of Dunster-castle in Sommersetshire, which (as my Author x 1.81 addes) flourished from the Con∣querours untill Richard the 2. dayes. In the Indenture be∣tween her and the then Prior and Covent, for the summe of 350 marks sterling (and certain utensils, and accoutre∣ments

convenient for her Chantery) with which money the Mannor of Selgrave was purchased and amortized to them (the P. and C.) with license of the King in that behalf, a perpetuall Chantery is granted unto her, by them, who covenant with her beside, that when she died her corps should be laid in the tomb which she of her own cost had prepared and caused to be set up neare the Altar of our La∣dy in the Undercroft: And being there so entombed should never be removed, nor the name of the tomb ever altered, but be honourably kept, and 5^s per annum given to the Clerk that kept the Lady-chapell, for the keeping clean of her tombe, with many other clauses inserted in the same In∣denture, which to the end the Chantery might not vanish out of memory with their Successors the Monks caused to be enrolled and recorded in their Martyrologe, that upon her obit-day it might be annually recited. The indenture is dated in the yeare 1395. 19. Ric. 2. I will give you the very words of her Epitaph, because Wever hath set it down imperfectly.

Pour Dieu priez por l'ame Iohane Burwaschs, que fut Dame de Mohan.

And so I have done, as with hers, so with the rest also of the monuments mentionable in this place.

The Church it self, with her appendent, annexed and connexed buildings thus throughly surveyed, my proposed method sends me to survey next the other ancient build∣ings within the precinct of it and the Palace &c. I begin with the Palace.

Augustine the Monk, and the first Archbishop of this See * 1.82 and his associats, being kindely received of King Ethelbert, and admitted into the City; for their present accommoda∣tion were seated (as whilome was told you) first at Stable∣gate, neare unto this Palace, where presently they beganne (saith venerable Bede y 1.83) vitam imitari Apostolicam. By which and other meanes at length converting the King to Chri∣stianitie, and daily winning upon his favour; the King short∣ly after removing and withdrawing himself and his Court

to Reculver, and there setling, as his Successors in the Kentish Kingdome whilest it lasted ever after did, (as some report z 1.84) bestowes upon his beloved Augustine (for a perpe∣tuall seate for him and his Successors) his owne Roy∣all Palace in the City, conceived to have stood much here∣about. This Palace with the neighbouring Church, Augu∣stine afterward converted both into a Cathedrall and a Mo∣nastery, yet (as I take it) not dividing his dwelling or set∣ting out his habitation apart from the Monkes; but, as he was to them considered as Cathedrall Canons, Bishop, and considered as Claustrall Monkes, Abbat, or in place of Ab∣bat; and è converso, they to him considered as Bishop, Ca∣thedrall Canons and Chapter, and considered as Abbat, a Convent of Claustrall Monkes: So he and they and both their Successors intercommuning, as in goods and posses∣sions, so in one and the same habitation, of one intire pre∣cinct ever after untill (I take it) Lanfrancs dayes. Who innovating and altering the most of our fashions, and for∣mer usages in Church-affaires, and haply not digesting this amongst the rest, thought good (its like) to change it. For no mention of any such Palace or like severall habitati∣on for the Archbishop, is to be found before his time. He indeed, amongst his other structures built him a Court or Palace distinct from the Monkes. Edificavit & curiam sibi, &c. saith Edmerus, speaking of the same Archbishop a 1.85. He it was that first shifted and setled (in that manner that Doomsdayes Survey found them) the Mannors and Possessi∣ons betweene himselfe and the Monkes; setting out to each of them and the Successors of them both their distinct and proper parts b 1.86: and so no marvell if he discommoned himselfe and his Successors by a Palace, per se, from the Monkes ever after. Lanfranc then (I am perswaded) first furnished the See with a Palace here. Whereof I thinke little or no part is left to be now surveyed: Neither Hall, Chapell, or other whole piece about it (I exclude the Hall where the Archbishops civill-Court is holden, which I shall shew was but of late laid to the Palace) being to my seeming of that Antiquity.

And no marvell: for this house (saith Lambert') by that * 1.87 time Hubert the Archbishop had aspired to the See, was decayed, either with age, or flame, or both. Who there∣fore (saith he) pulled downe the most part of it, and in place thereof laid the foundation of that great Hall and other the Offices that are now to be seene. But by reason that himselfe wanted time (prevented by death) and some of his followers lacked money to performe the worke, it rested unperfect till the dayes of Boniface, who both sub∣stantially and beautifully finished the whole; and yet (as some thinke) Stephen Langton had accomplished the great Hall thereof before him. Thus Lambert. Harpesfield is ex∣presse for Langions building of the Hall. Egregiam illam (saith he d 1.88) Palatii Cantuariensis ille aulam aedificavit. For the rest, all or most of it is certainly much newer, as the work plainely discovers: whereof the present Gate-house (Iam told) was sometime used for the Lollards-Tower or Prison, and so called.

Thus my Survey of the Palace would shortly end, but * 1.89 that I may not let the Great Hall (a piece of goodly stru∣ture) passe without some little digression and enlargement of my discourse touching the same, it being famous for ma∣ny solemnities and celebrious assemblies there. Amongst the rest, for that of King Ed. 1. his Wedding feast kept there e 1.90. As also for that great state and solemnity of Arch∣bishop Warhams intertainment both of the Emperour with his Mother, and the King and Queene of England, at a supper in the same Hall, and also of his owne entertain∣ment there at his first coming and inthronization into the See; whereof his Successor (Archbishop Parker) and others make mention. And lastly for the intertainment there which the same Archbishop Parker gave the late Queene Elizabeth, and the French Monsieur, the Duke of Rhetz, and many of the English Nobility. So much for the Pa∣lace.

I come now to the Church-precinct: which how it lyes * 1.91 and where it goes at this day, is a thing easily traced and

found out, as thus. From the partition Wall betweene the Palace and it, neare the Rush-market to the Church-gate, and so directly upwards almost to Burgate, from thence by the Towne-Wall included to the Chancell-head of North∣gate-Church, and from thence by the Almnary (or Mint-yard) Wall (crossing and taking in the way betweene the South-West corner of that Wall, and the opposite Palace Wall) to the Court-Gate, commonly called the Porters-Gate. Thus lyes the moderne precinct of the Church.

But time was when it lay otherwise, Lanfranc coming to the See; Omnes Officinas quae infra murum Curiae sunt, cum ipso muro aedificavit (saith Edmerus f 1.92.) Si quis in praedicta eccle∣sia (saith Theobald the Archbishop in a Charter of his) vel infra ambitum murorum ecclesiam & curiam nostram & mona∣chorum cingentium, &c g 1.93. The Court and Church you see was sometimes walled in; the Church-yard was the like. For by a Charter of Hen. 2. the Monkes of the place had a way granted them, or rather restored, circa murum Cimi∣terii sui tempore guerrae nuper sublat. (meaning, I take it, that which happened at the end of King Stephens reigne:) which the King chargeth Iohn and Hamon the then Praepositi of the City to deliver them h 1.94. Some remaines of this old Wall yet appeare, as at D^• Causaubons a little remanent of it, and a larger parcell and of good height by the Covent or Com∣mon-garden: whereby it appeares that this Wall stood some pretty distance from the Wall of the City. The in∣terposed ground betweene which double Wall, not being then any parcell either of the Church demesnesse or liber∣ty, lay partly in Northgate, partly in Burgate-Ward. That (I am sure) betweene Queningate and Burgate, called Queningate Lane, being in the Church-Records, before it came to the Monkes said to lye in Berthade Burgate, as I conceive it thence probable, the rest to have lyen in North∣gate-Ward. Besides, within the moderne precinct, and that about the now Co. Garden, lay the best part of Saint Michaels Parish, and Queningate Parish betweene that and Queningate, within which Saint Austins Abbey, and di∣vers

private men beside sometimes had houses, land and other interest, as they had also lower downe on the South-side of the now Church-yard. I will therefore (as pertinent) shew how in time the Church became possessed of the whole precinct as now it is.

And first for the South-side of the Church-yard, I read thus i 1.95. Anno Domini Miij^o. Ethelredus Dux dedit ecclesia Christi particulam terrae in Dorobernia quam sibi rex Ethelredus dedit XV virgarum in longitudine, & viij virgarum in lati∣tudine. Termini terrae sunt hii. In orientali parte terra Regis. In parte australi placea civitatis. In occidente terra ecclesiae Christi. In Aquilone cimiterium Christi. This parcell of land must needs lye on the South-side of the Church-yard, the North and South bounds argue it so plainely. Hen. 1. by his Charter confirmes to Hugh, Abbat of Saint Austins, and to the Monkes there, Omnes illas terras quas Monachi S. Tri∣nitatis eis dederunt pro excambio terrae quam ab eis receperunt ad amplificandum cimiterium suum, &c.

Saint Augustines Abbey (as you may remember I told you) had sometimes also divers tenents, tenements and ground on the same quarter of the Church-yard, neare and behinde the Campanile or Clocarium of the Church, the ruined foundation whereof appearing now in the forme of a little Mount lyes inclosed in M^• Archdeacons Garden. These houses and lands in Hen. 2. time, and by his helpe, were obtained (upon exchange) of that neighbour Mona∣stery, by the Monkes of this Church, as by what I have said hereof before, and by the composition made touch∣ing the same, copied in my Appendix, may further ap∣peare.

One Gervasius de Cornhill, whom that Composition (as you shall see) makes mention of, had divers tenements of his owne neere this Campanile, which the Church also a∣bout the same time, and for the same reasons purchased of him, his sonne Reignald and Maud his Wife, exchanging for them certaine ground in Friday-street London, which together with the former exchange were confirmed by se∣verall

Charters of Hen. 2. to be seene in the Liegers of the Church. It seemes by the premisses that this Campanile did terminate both the Church-ground and liberty at this time. But after this double exchange I suppose those houses taken downe, and the ground there laid open unto the back∣side of the row of shops along Burgate-street (Shops I call them, for such they were built for, and not for dwelling∣houses, because, I take it, of fires, which the neighbour∣hood of dwelling-houses might occasion to the Church; witnesse those by the Steeple, which we see were there∣fore purposely gotten in and had away:) And the same ground being so dishoused and laid open, was made cimi∣tery ground, and became part and parcell of the Church∣yard, and so accounted. For the reason which the Prior and Covent render and show to Archbishop Winchelsey in Ed. 1. time, why they ought not to contribute to the repa∣ration of Saint Mary Magdalens Church in Canterbury, in respect of their rents of those shops, was, that the same were infra limites Cimiterii ecclesiae Christi Cant. & de manso Ecclesiae k 1.96 &c. Hitherto of the Church-ground there.

Now for the ground betweene Northgate and Quenin∣gate. This parcell came first to the Church in Hen. 2. time, and of his gift. For by his Charter extant in the Leigers of the Church, he gives to the Church, in augmentum elemo∣sinariae suae (as the words of it are) placeam illam inter murum Civitatis & murum qui claudit curiam Prioris & monachorum, quae jacet inter Norgate & Queningate. Quae quidem placea continet in fiue suo versus Or. xlj pedes in latitudine, & versus Occiden. xxiiij pedes similiter in latitud. In medio sui xvij pedes, & in longitudine lxxj perticas. In the yeare 1305. the Monkes are presented and charged by the Citizens to have stopped or made up the way betweene Queningate and Norgate: a thing confessed on the Monkes part, but de∣fending themselves by this Charter, they are acquited l 1.97. However for more surety (as I guesse) Hen. 4. afterwards by his Charter, grants them viam infra murum Civitatis Cantuar. quae ducere solebat de Northgate usque Queningate: as

the Church-Records informe me. And so much also for that parcell of the now precinct.

For the rest of it thereabout, namely at and neere Que∣ningate, and betweene it and Burgate, that is the ground knowne of late dayes by the name of the Co. Garden. I have seene m 1.98 severall deeds, that shew how, by parcells, it became added to and inclosed within the Church-precinct. As first, the Church hath a Composition made by the Monkes of the place with their neighbours of Saint Austins, and dated in the yeare 1287. wherein many houses &c. with∣in Queningate, are (in exchange for other) passed over to the Church. De terris & tenementis (so runnes the Deed) quae dicti Abbas & Conventus habuerunt infra Queningate, viz. iij^s. viij^d. de duabus domibus Sacristiae suae, & viij^d. de una vacua placeajacente à vico ibidem usque ad murum ecclesiae Chri∣sti praed'. Item iiij^s. viij^d. redditus de quadam domo elemosinariae suae quam ibidem Aldhelmus tenuit simul cum una pecia terrae quam similiter ille Aldhelmus tenuit ibidem. Item xj^s. de tribus domibus Thesaurariae suae ibidem. Quae tenementa (marke this) & redditus cum pertinentiis remaneant dictis Priori & Capitulo & eorum successor. libera & quieta ab omni redditu & servitio in feodum & dominium & tus ecclesiae suae in perpetuum. After∣terwards. i. in the 41. Ed. 3. I finde the two Monasteries come to Composition about certaine other houses and land situate and lying about this place. The preamble of the Indenture thus states the matter. Quod cum iidem Prior & Conventus certa messuagia & tofta de quibus iidem Abbas & Conventus redditum xv^s. particulariter percipere consueverunt continentia in longitudine & latitudine dimidiam acram, di∣mid. rod. & quartam partem unius rod. terrae, & quae de Nico∣lao Horne, Iohanne Calward, Henrico ate Forstall & aliis in Queningate-lane separatim acquisiverunt, & partem inde ca∣lumpniarunt, & residuum eorund. Messuag. & Toftor. in aug∣mentationem gardini ipsorum Prio. & Conv. ibidem includere praetendunt, &c. Thus you may perceive the Church-pre∣cinct extending and spreading further and further. And this composition gave scope for it. For after that preamble

it is yeelded by the Abbat and Covent of Saint Austins, what lay in them, that the Prior and Covent of Christ-Church, might at their pleasure inclose those messuages and ground.

After this came yet another parcell of the ground there∣abouts to the Church. For I meete with a Deed or Char∣ter of Ralph Broughton and Iohn Tent Chaplaines, made to the Church 16. Rich. 2. (amongst other things) of one Messuage in the Parish of Saint Michael in Canterbury neare Quenegate, and of one Acre of Land in the same Parish neare Quenegate-lane: The house holding of the King. in Burgage, and the Land of Saint Austins for x^s. rent per annum.

By this time (I take it) the Church had gotten in all the ground hereabouts, saving what lay betweene Queningate and Burgate, a slip called Queningate-lane. Now for that, * 1.99 I finde that by an Act of Parliament. 1. Rich. 3. (by which the Aldermanry of Westgate was granted to the City) the same parcell of ground, together with the Posterne and Bridge, was granted to the Church. But in case of eviction of the Aldermanry from the City, the slip of * 1.100 ground and premisses was to returne to the City, a part of whose demesnesse it was in Fee-ferme. And surely so it did; for in the 1. Hen. 7. the same Aldermanry, by a like Act of Parliament was restored to S^• George Brownes heires, who by the former Act were made incapable of it, for their Father taking part with Hen. 7. against Rich. 3. But yet at length, after all this, by a composition betweene the Church and the City, made Anno 7. Hen. 7. the Church be∣comes ever after quietly seized both of the same ground and Wall, with the Towers, Posterne, and Bridge.

Thus have I shewed you (as neere as I thinke it may be found) the extent of the ancient precinct, and how and when it became enlarged to that bignesse that now it beares. And so much of the precinct in generall.

I come now to the survey of the particular ancient buil∣dings * 1.101 in and about the same, beginning with the Church-gate.

A very goodly, strong and beautifull structure, and of excellent artifice, built in the yeare 1507. as appeares by this now scarcely legible inscription on the Gates-Front. Hoc opus constructum est Anno Domini Millesimo, Quingentesi∣mo septimo. Thomas Goldstone the Junior, as I may call him, there being two (and he the latter) of that name, being then Prior, and (as he was famous for his piety that way) this workes great benefactor. A new Gate it is, and not the first (I take it) was builded there, but succeeding a former standing where this doth. For that which is now Alderman Nicholsons dwelling house, is anciently. i. 41. Hen. 3. descri∣bed n 1.102 to stand ante portam ecclesiae sanctae Trinitatis: the most ancient Gate standing higher up, somewhat neerer Burgate, a good part whereof is yet remaining, but built up, and converted to private use. This (I suppose) is that vetus portacimiterii the old Records of Christ-Church so often mention, the opposition of it to that which is now Master Fidges, and the other contiguous houses to his being Church-houses, serving to bound out and describe their situation in the ancient Rentalls, calling them Magna do∣mus contra veterem portaem cimiterii. I have done with this Gate.

By which entring the Church-yard, and walking up to∣wards * 1.103 the Covent Garden, on the right hand, within the Cimitery-Gate there (so called, I take it, because it had Cimitery ground lying on either side of it, that within it be∣ing called Interius cimiterium) I finde yet standing the old Schoole-house, now put to other use, but (I am assu∣red) that which was the Schoole-house, before the present * 1.104 Shoole-house in the Mint-yard. The often-cited Division of houses betweene the Deane and Preb. appointing out Master Archdeacons now Prebends-house, and ground, bounds it out one way to the Schoole-Garden. There are that remember the Free-Schoole kept there, and that by one Master Twyne (sometime a Magistrate of the City) as they tell me. For it was a Free-Schoole for the City chief∣ly, and so called, and sometime was of the liberty thereof,

anciently wayed unto, and having a passage to it from some part of Burgate-street (I take it) leading you to the old doore of entrance which it had now made up at the South∣end and West-side thereof, haply that which Anno 32. Hen. 3. is called venella quae tendit de Burgate-street versus portam domus Sacristae o 1.105. It was a place of situation, for privacy and retirednesse, well chosen. In deligendo loco certo audi∣torii civitatis electae, adhuc danda opera, ut is quantum incom∣moditas civitatis patietur, sit salubris & separatus à tumultu transeuntium, maxime curruum seu planstrorum, ne interpel∣lentur docentes aut discentes, &c. So Tholosanus p 1.106. What An∣tiquity the Free-Schoole in this place carries with it, I am uncertaine. Arch. Theodore, the seventh after Augustine, we read erected at Canterbury by licence of Vitalianus the Pope, a Schoole or Colledge (a kinde of Academicall foundation it was) wherein he placed professors of all the liberall sciences, which (saith my Author^q) was the very * 1.107 patterne to that Schoole which Sigebert the King of East-Angle afterward builded, &c. But this Schoole long since vanished. The Danes have so often wasted, and other ac∣cidents and casualties have so altered the face of the City, that it were much folly now to seeke with hope to finde but the place. Ipsae periere ruinae. Therefore no more of that Schoole.

This we have in hand occurres to me r 1.108 first in the yeare 1259. when as Robertus Rector ecclesiae Scholarium Civitatis Cantuar. his presence is taken to witnesse an appeale of the Prior and Covent in a cause of theirs then depending be∣fore the Officiall of Canterbury. A while after this I read that Robert Winchelsey, that in time came to be Archbishop of Canterbury in Ed. 1. time, was a Scholar here: at Canter∣bury they say s 1.109; and therefore I suppose here. In whose immediate Successors time, there arose a great controver∣sie betweene the Rector of this Schoole, and the Parson of Saint Martin (who it seemes by the right and custome of his Church held and kept a kinde of pettite Free-Schoole there) about the rights and liberties of either

Schoole. The Records of the difference registred in Christ-Church, and faithfully extracted thence will best report the matter with the circumstance, which therefore my Appendix shall make publike, Scriptura xj^•.

Of this Schoole the Archbishop sede plena; and the Church, sede vacante, were patrons. The Archbishops right will appeare unto you from those Records. The Churches I gather from this note taken from other like Records. Col∣latio magisterii Scholarium grammaticalium Civitatis Cant. per Ricardum Priorem magistro Iohanni Bocton quem investivit per ferulae & virgae traditionem, praestito per eum Iuramento de fide∣liter & diligenter regendo. This was in the yeare 1374. at what time the See was voyde by Archbishop Wittlesey's death. So much for the Schoole.

The next thing falling under my Survey are certaine old * 1.110 buildings called Honors or the Honors; in the apportion∣ment of dwellings amongst the first Deane and Preb. by that name divided and shared betweene the predecessors of Doctor Ieffery, and Doctor Vossius now Prebends. With Sir Henry Spelman, and Doctor Cowells helpe, I understand the terme; but how to apply it, or how it may suite with the present buildings I know not: Unlesse in that the late Pri∣ory of Christ-church being a Barony, and the Prior there, in right of his dignity, one of the spirituall Barons of the Parli∣ament, those buildings (sometime the prime part of his seat) might specially appertain unto him in right of the Ba∣rony, or be annexed to the Honor of the Barony, and thence take the name of Honors. Their name occurres not to me in any Record of the Church before this Division, else haply I could have said more of it, and with more certainty.

A step or two further brings me to the ruines of that building which in the Division is called the Fermary-Chapell. * 1.111

Capgrave t 1.112 tells of a Chapell which he calls S^t Iohns stand∣ing almost contiguous to Christ-Church, built by Cuthbert the Archbishop, amongst other intents, for a place of buri∣all for him and his Successors, and that he was therein inter∣red.

Hence, and because of the Statue or effigies of S^t Iohn (as they suppose it to be; though S^t Iohn, I take it, is no where pictured with a long beard and like an old man, but there) with S^t Iohns, Ecce major me &c. in part yet legible up∣on an open scrowl in his hand (though in a charactter I dare say lesse ancient then the Conquest:) and from the neare site of it to the great Church, some are of opinion that this was that S^t Iohns Chapell Capgrave speaks of. By their fa∣vour I think not. For first, granting for truth, that there sometimes was such a Chapell, and we have barely Cap∣graves testimony for it (somewhat a weak ground to build upon;) yet I cannot imagine that so much as is yet standing of this Chapell could survive and stand out so many Da∣nish inrodes, devastations and other combustions as have betided this place since Cuthberts dayes. Besides, Capgrave that tells of the beginning and foundation, withall straight∣way shows the end and overthrow of that Chapell where he sayes.

But this Church of S^t Iohn many ages since, to∣gether with Christ-Church, and the offices thereof exchanged her substance with fire. Of the repaire or reedifying whereof I never read.

Some supposing this and that other part of ancient building that is below it West-ward, to have been one intire structure, and to have had dependance one upon the other, do conceive it to have been the Church of S. Trinitie which Archbishop Lanfranc built. Indeed the arched or embowed work of it inclines my belief that it was a building erected since the Conquest. But others will have it to be the remaines of the old Church of S^t Saviour, that was built and standing before the Con∣quest, that haply which Agelnoth the Archbishop in King Knutes time, after the former was destroyed and burnt by the Danes, reedified. But by their favour, it was neither this, that, nor tother. Truth is, as there is an upper and a lower part of this building, so was each part a distinct stru∣cture by it self, and not one intire piece, the lower•• West∣ern part whereof was sometime a Hall, for the pulling down whereof there passed a decree in Chapter anno 1545. whence

in the Division the very next yeare following it is called the late long Hall. And the upper or Eastern part of the building was this very Fermary or Infirmary-Chapell. The same Division calls it so, and that in regard-it did sometime appertain and was appropriate to those of the Infirmary or Infirmitory (the Nosocomium I may call it) of the Min∣ster situate by it, consisting chiefly of an Hall or Refecto∣ry, for their common board or table (if able and fit to come to it, otherwise feeding in their chambers) a kitchin to dresse their necessary provision in, a Dormitory or Dortor for their place of sleep and repose, distributed into certain distinct and severall chambers; of which, that one might not disturb another, every of the infirme folk had one proper to himself. And a private Chapell for their devoti∣ons, who either were sick and could not, or diseased and might not accompany their brethren in their more pub∣lick and common devotions in the Temple. D^r Langworth a late Predecessor of D^• Blechynden (as it is noted down in a Chapter book) anno 1579. took down a crosse wall between his house and D^• Lawses (a Predecessor of D^• Brayes) at the Churches charge, and paved the way between them with the stone. In all likelihood it was the Western wall of this Chapell, or the wall which terminated the Chapell West∣ward, a cleare argument of the disjunction and separation thereof from that other lower part of building. The Infir∣mary hall or Refectory, which the Division calls the Ta∣ble-hall, * 1.113 yet stands perfect and intire, being the same which is now D^• Blechyndens hall to his prebendall house, built with other rooms (as I finde) about the yeare 1342. For out of Threasurers Accompts of the Church, in that and the next yeare following, I have these notes. viz.

• Pro nova aula & una Camera de novo factis infirmar. 96 lib. 8^s. 2^d. praeter 20 marcas receptas à Feretrario pro nova camera faciend.
• Item pro novis cameris in firmar' & pentistis circa aulam ibid. 61 lib. 1^s. 6^d.
• Item pro novo pentisio juxta novas cameras infirmar. 6 lib. 15^s. 4^d. ob.

This Infirmary or domus Infirmorum I reade of in our Chronicles in King Iohns time. For the Monks of this Church quitting the Monastery by command of the King sorely offended at them, for their choice of Stephen Lang∣ton for their Archbishop; 13 sick Monks which could not remove, were left behinde (saith my Author v 1.114) in domo In∣firmorum. The same had a bath at or neare the entrance of it, haply the leaden cistern yet remaining, of what use you may gather from the Decrees of Lanfranc in Reyners book. Archbishops Winchelsey's Statutes x 1.115 also mention it, which have provided many things touching the place. Amongst the rest, that as a place of great secrecy, no secu∣lar should be admitted into it to view or see it. And that the Prior of the Church should, if not twice, yet at least once a week personally visit and view the place, to see that there be nothing wanting to the sick there, nor ought else amisse, or if so, to see it reformed. It had a speciall Cura∣tor beside, who was called Infirmarius. But let us hence.

Of ancient buildings the next unto this is the Dortor, * 1.116 the common Dormitory for the Monks, a very old piece, as any now stands (I beleeve) within the precinct. Here the Monks (according to S. Benets rule) slept vestiti. i. in their clothes, their regular habit, lying in the woollen, and without either sheet or shirt. Would you know why? Part∣ly (I take it) to further them in the way of Mortification of their bodies, and partly for their more readinesse to attend their Nocturnes, that is, their night Devotions, which in imitation of the Primitives, they observed at certain of their Canonicall houres. To prevent disturbance this place y 1.117 had two Vigils or Watchmen that guarded it every night; the one till midnight, the other till break of day. By Arch-Bishop Winchelsey's Statutes, no woman or stranger might by any meanes have accesse thither.

Neare unto this Dortor, are the ruines of the Kitchen, Pantry, Larder, and other like rooms or offices built for the common use and service of the Covent in point of food and repast, which was served in to them in their Common

Hall or Refectory built contiguous to the Kitchen (the * 1.118 Remaines whereof show it to have been a very goodly, large and curious piece of structure) opening on the South∣side with a faire doore into the Cloister, before which doore sometimes stood a double cistern, partly (I take it) for the service of the Hall, and partly as a layer used at that Ceremony of washing the hands and feet of the Monks by the chief Prelate or Superintendent by our Saviours ex∣ample towards his Disciples, commanded by S^t Benets rule at certain times, especially at their Mandy, to be observed z 1.119 This Hall they called the Fratria, in old English the Frater (so the Division calls it) because it was the common place of resort and meeting for the Fraternitie to their repast served into them from the contiguous Kitchen. Their or∣dinary fare and food here was fish and fruits, where they were not more commonly and constantly served in, then flesh was rarely or never. Abstinence from which being, as to all sorts of Monks in generall, so to these in particular expressely enjoyned, and strictly imposed, the common Refectory might upon no terms admit of or affoord any. But were any of the family sick, it was to be had for him in the Infirmary. The guests likewise in the Cella Hospitum (the guessing chamber I may call it) were not denied it: and besides, the Prior (to whose conscience and discretion in this behalf much was left) if he saw cause to refresh any one or more with the flesh at his own table in his private chamber, he might call unto him thither now and then such as he thought fit. Thus and in these cases and places flesh might be at any time, and was many times eaten. But within the publick Refectory never, and that (as I con∣ceive) because of the rules violation in that behalf, which these specialties were so farre from infringing, that like as exceptions do a generall rule, they rather con∣firmed the same in the generality of it. For as in point ei∣ther of the office or other like agends in the Church, or of rest and repose in the Dortor, by observing the rules (that is, the rites and customes) of the Monasterie in those cases

in the places proper thereunto, the Church and Dortor; by the generality of the Monks, the rule in those cases was conceived and construed to be kept and fulfilled: So like∣wise by observing the Monastick rules and customes for food and repast (and particularly this of abstinence from flesh) in the Refectory, the proper place of common refe∣ction to the whole Convent in generall, the rule in that case was by common intendment kept unviolated. And that it might be so, it was (no doubt) one main end of de∣vising and erecting these common Refectories. For might the Monks have been allowed their particular Cells, and a Praebenda, or portion set them out wherewith to finde themselves, and provide them of their own commons, as our Prebendaries now have, it might justly be feared that the rule in this point of abstinence from flesh, would be ei∣ther not at all, or nothing so well observed, as in the com∣mon and publick Refectory, where each one saw what his fellow ate. The consideration whereof probably moved Wlfred the Archbishop of this Church 800 yeers ago and up∣wards (when by his Codicill he allowed the then Monks of this place their proper Cells, or houses) to provide that the having of them should not excuse nor hinder their re∣sort to the Church, for prayers and other like agends there, at their canonicall houres, from the common Refectory for their boord, nor from the common Dormitory for their bed. As you shall finde by the Charter it self (if you peruse it) in my Appendix Scriptura 36. The Latine is much to blame, and the sense somewhat imperfect and incoherent, but I thought it not fit, nor my part to vary from it in the least syllable.

Of this Hall and the provision for the same and the or∣dering thereof, the chief care and oversight was intrusted to the Cellerar one of the foure great Obedientiarii (or * 1.120 Officers) of the Monastery, as I told you: The Sacrista, Camerarius and Thesaurarius being the other three. The Threasurers office was to collect and gather in the rents and revenues of the Monastery. The Chamberlains chiefly

consisted in the care of vestitus or clothing for the Monks, and therefore he had the charge of the Sartrinum and Su∣trinum, the store-houses of that sort of provision, as I guesse by officers and retainers to them, such as these a 1.121 Magister Cissor. Secundus Cissor. Pelli parius. Magister sutor & gar∣cio ejus. Tres servientes in Lavendria &c. whence he was also called Vestiarius. It was the Sacrists or Sextens office and businesse to see the Church, the Temple, kept sartum tectum, and to have care of the sacred vessells, the vest∣ments, ornaments, books and utensils of the Church, and to dispose of and order both the place and manner of inter∣ring the dead, both Monks and others. And our Cellerars office regarded the * 1.122 Cibum Monachorum, the provision of food for the Monks and the ordering thereof, to which end he had the Pistrinum and the Bracinum (the Bakehouse and the Brewhouse or Maulthouse) under his charge. Accord∣ingly, at the setling of the Churches Mannors by Arch∣bishop Lanfranc some were assigned and allotted to the feeding, other to the clothing of the Monks: as you shall finde by the distinction which is observed in the recitall of those Mannors in Doomsday book, where some are said and set down to appertain to the Monks ad cibum, other ad ve∣stitum.

By the way will you heare a learned mans opinion of this distinction of Monastick Offi••es, and assigning out unto them their peculiar ferms and revenues? Non est dubium (saith Roverius in his Illustrations of the History of S. Iohns Monastery at Rheimes pag. 649.) Quin inde maxima fuerit & disciplinae & rei familiaris in Monasteriis labes, quòd domesticis inprimis administris, ac subinde etiam Monachis singulis suae at∣tributae fuerint sigillatim praediorum aut proventuum Monasterii partes. Nam lapsum inde est paupertatis studium, jacta avaritlae semina, charitas publicè imminuta, traductae in affines Monaste∣riorum facultates, licentiae, ac vitiis suppeditata alimenta. Ir∣repsit verò haec lues in Monasteria vulgò post annum millesimum. Ac licèt eatenus administrationes ejuscemodi obedientiae diceren∣tur, quòd solo Abbatis & Capituli imperio, atque arbitrio quam∣diu

libitum esset gererentur; tamen band multò postea Benefi∣ciorum nomen, ac jus obtinuerunt, magnamque monastic is sta∣tutis, vitaeque religiosae puritati, ac perfectioni perturbationem attulere. Thus he. And now I proceed.

The Cellerar no doubt was a great man in the Colledge. Archbishop Winchelseys statutes b 1.123 agreeably to Lanfranc's decrees, which say he ought to be Pater Monasterii, expres∣ly call him so. Item omnes Custodes Maneriorum, necnon omnes Obedientiarii excepto duntaxat Maiore Celerario, qui pater dicitur Monasterii, &c. and that he was a great man in his place may appeare by the large extent of his charge. In the list of the Churches family taken in the yeare 1322. I finde all these persons sorting to his Office.

• Senescallus Libertatum.
• Clericus sen' Libertatum.
• Senescallus aulae hospitum.
• Ianitor portae exterior. Curiae.
• Ianitor portae cimiterii.
• Panetar. in Celar.
• Garcio ejus.
• Hostiarius Claustri.
• Garcio ejus.
• Panetarius aulae.
• Vigil Curiae.
• Scutellarius aulae.
• Potagiarius.
• Scutellarius refectorii.
• Garcio ejus.
• Lardarius qui est jus coquus.
• Conventus & garcio ejus.
• Secundus cocus conventus.
• Cocus aulae & garcio ejus.
• Salsarius qui est Ostiarius
• Coquinae, & garcio ejus.
• Focarius coquinae.
• Portarius.
• Partitor coquinae.
• Tractor vini & cervisiae
• Qui est Cupparius.
• Garcio ejus.
• Armiger Celerarii.
• Stabularius Celerarii.
• Carectarius Celerarii
• Et duo garciones ejus.
• Coltonarius interior.
• Coltonarius exterior.
• Venator, & garcio ejus.
• Ianitor portae aulae.
• Garcio ejus.
• Custos prati Celerarii.
• Gayolarius.

These (I take it) with those of the Bakehouse and Brew∣house * 1.124 or Malt-house, were the officers and retainers, whereof the Cellerars Halimot occurring to me in a very

ancient Deed of this Church did consist, which I suppose was holden of him in his proper Hall, and thence tooke it name of Halimot, to say, Conventus aulae. The office was indeed so exceeding great and troublesome, that like as the Prior, for the same reason had his Sub-Prior, or Prior claustri; the Sacrist or Sexten, for the like cause his Sub-sa∣crista: so had this our Cellerar his Sub-Cellerarius to assist him and beare a share with him (and surely need enough) in the managing of this burthensome office, and weighty province.

I read c 1.125 that in the Abbey of S^t Edmunds-bury, illustris aedium pars cum latifundiis ejus muneri designata fuit, as my Authors owne words are. So had our Cellerar here. For he had a large part of principall housing alotted him, all conti∣guous to the Covent-Hall and Kitchen (the Sphere where∣in he chiefely moved) namely his Hall and his Lodgings, as they were called. His Hall that which is now the Arch∣bishops * 1.126 for the keeping of his temporall Courts. An anci∣ent peece, and (I take it) a parcell of that housing Edmerus d 1.127 speakes of, which he saith Archbishop Lanfranc upon the increase of the number of his Monkes pulling downe the former too little for their use, secondly built better and larger then the former: the Dortor and North-Hall, being other part of it, as I conceive, all built upon brave arched vaults of stone. Into this (the Cellerars) Hall, the present passage lyes by the Palace Greene or Court; whereas the ancient ordinary way to it was on the other side the Hall, in at a faire doore, over which is cut in the stone-worke the resemblance of the Holy Ghost in the Doves forme de∣scending on our Saviour, and under his feete the statue of an Archbishop (haply the Founder) in his Pontificalls. Be∣tweene this Hall and the Court-gate sometimes lay a pas∣sage by and through the long low Entry, in the Division called the Pantise, whereby ingresse and regresse, carri∣age and recarriage might be made to and from the Hall.

His Lodgings lay on the West-side or Quarter of the * 1.128 Cloister, into which it had a double doore, having in the

Windowes, the name, coate of armes and Rebus or name∣device of Richard Dering the Monke, one of them e 1.129 that conspired with the Holy Maide of Kent in Hen. 8. dayes, and saluted Tiburne for his paines, who in his time was Cellerar to the Church. The same Hen. 8. afterward in his new erection and dotation of the Church, expressely re∣serves to him and his Successors both Hall, and Lodgings, by the names of the Cellerars Hall, and the Cellerars Lod∣gings. But they are since come to the See, and laid to the Palace, and passages made to them from the same.

I have done with them, and passe from thence to the * 1.130 Court-Gate, commonly called the Porters-Gate, built (as I take it) by the old generall founder Archbishop Lan∣franc. On the North-side whereof stands an ancient stone-worke-pile, the North part whereof. i. from the staires or ascent North-ward, is now D^r Casaubons Prebends house. The name of which building is now quite lost, saving that some call it Hog-Hall: haply rather (as Hogia, Hoga, Hogi∣um * 1.131 and Hogum is by S^t Henry Spelman f 1.132 derived from the German Hog, signifying high, or mounted) because of the high and lofty site and posture of it, then, as some dreame, from the dressing of Hogs sometime in the Undercroft of it, a use for which it were absurd to thinke it built. Others from the site of it call it, and so doe some of the Church-Records, North-Hall, and magna aula juxta portam curiae versus Aquilonem. I finde it also in some of the Church Re∣cords called Oriall; but whether from the same originall with Oriall Colledge in Oxford, which name some conceive to be a corruption of Aul-royall, I leave to other mens judgements. But all this while we are without satisfaction for what use so strong and goodly a foundation as this is standing upon Vaults, and having to it a very gracefull ascent by stone-steps, be set on either side with smal Marble Columnes and other (arched) stone-worke was intended or how used in former time. If I may speake my opinion, I shall tell you (and I thinke rightly) what it was.

There was (you must know then) before the Dissolution

(as by Saint Benets Rule there ought to be) Hospitality kept and intertainment affoorded and allowed both at Bed and Boord unto such strangers (Travellers and Pilgrimes espe∣cially) as resorting to the Monastery should crave it of the Monkes: and consequently there was a place in the Mona∣stery set apart for that purpose. This place of receipt they called Aula & Camera Hospitum. Now I am perswaded the * 1.133 present building was that Aula & Camera Hospitum. I will give you my reasons.

First it stood and stands most conveniently for the pur∣pose, * 1.134 being by the Court-Gate, remote from the Mona∣stery which strangers were not to pry into. And Archbishop Winchelsey his Statutes g 1.135 making mention of the place, seeme to intimate the standing of it within the Court. Item aula Hospitum & paralitorium & quaecunque officia ac domus ex∣terioris curiae, &c. Say the same Stat.

Secondly the Cellerar had charge of it. Now the Pen∣tice or Entry betweene the Court-Gate and his Hall did (as * 1.136 it were) make them meete.

Thirdly the present building was not onely a Hall, but * 1.137 divided (as appeares by it) into an Hall and a Chamber (or Parlor) so to accommodate the intertained guest with both Bed and Boord, and what doe the same Winch. Statutes call it but Aula Hospitum & Paralitorium? as you see be∣fore.

I must acknowledge to have received some light also in this matter from the following story. A Keeper of Prince Edwards Ward-Robe (say the Records of the Church) in the great North-Hall of the Court, in the yeare 1304. kills another man within the precinct, and flyes streight way to the Chamber of the Hall, and though he were re∣quired by the Steward of the Church, refuseth to come forth, or to suffer any to enter. Whereupon the Prince being consulted, another Keeper is sent downe, and order given to have the malefactor brought to his triall by a pre∣fixed time. In the interim the Justices in a Sessions holden ante portam castri Cant. inquire of the murder and finde it.

Shortly after the malefactor is brought before some Judges regia placita tenentibus in the Archbishops Palace, where it being demanded of him how he would or could acquit himself, he answers that being a Clerk, he cannot sine Or∣dinario suorespondere: whereupon, being first found guilty of the fact by the Jury, he is, as convicted, delivered over to the Ordinary, and sent to the Archbishops Gaole at Maidstone. Thus goes the Story. Now I collect from hence that the Prince himself had been received here, and intertainment affoorded to his wardrobe after his de∣parture; a use sutable to the condition of the place in hand. By this time (I trow) you see enough to perswade your beleef of this building to have been the Aula and Camera Hospitum. And now knowing what it was I shall next ac∣quaint you with what I further reade concerning it in the Church-records.

The Hall had her p••oper and peculiar Steward; who, under the Cellerar, was to see to the accommodation of the guests with all necessaries according to the Statutes and Customes of the Monastery. He was called Senescallus au∣lae Hospitum. Here was intertainment to be had of charity, for religious and secular guests, and that (by the Statutes of Archbishop Winchelsey) for the space of at least a day and a night: horse and man. On the top or by the foot of the Staire-case of stone vaulted underneath, anciently hung a gate, whereof (it seems) there was a constant keeper, who had his chamber hard at hand. For in the yeare 1382. I finde the Prior and Covent make a donation Custodiae portae interioris juxta aulam Hospitii servienti & armigero suo, cum camera dicti Custodis &c. So mu••h of this pile.

But by the way we must allow the Steward of the Liber∣ties * 1.138 a part of this building for the keeping of his Courts, which have been holden here from good antiquity: wit∣nesse these words extracted from a Charter h 1.139 of H. 6. de Cu∣ria tenenda &c. Sciatis (saith he) quod nos considerantes quòd Prior eccl. & ejusd. loci conven us & praedecessores sui usi sunt & cosueverunt a tempore quo hominum memoria non existat

habere tenere apud North-hall, inframetas & septa eccles. sive Prioratus praedicti coram Ballivo suo pro tempore existente do tribus septimanis, in tres septimanas quandam curiam vocatam High Court, & in eadem Curiatenere, audire et terminare placitae &c. This Court (it seems) was first set up with the Arch∣bishops li••ence many ages since. Concessit autem eis Archi∣episcopus gratis habere curiam suam de propriis hominibus eo∣rum, as Roger Hoveden hath it speaking of Archbishop Hu∣bert, sub anno 1200, and recording there the agreement made between him and the Monks, first falling out about the Chapell at Lambeth. I have nothing more to observe of this Court, except the smallnesse of the room that it is kept in. The reason whereof may be this. The Dissoluti∣on diminishing the revenues of the Church made the Churchmen (I suppose) to lessen their Court.

Hard by this place, in times past and untill the Dissolu∣tion stood the Almnery or Elemosinary of the Church, be∣ing * 1.140 the place where the poore were daily fed with the re∣maines of such fare as came from the Refectory and other tables kept within the Monastery. Omnes etiam reliquiae & fragmenta tam ciborum quam potuum Refectorii, camerae Prio∣ris, mensae Magistri, Infirmitorii & etiam Aulae hospitum in vasis ad id congruis colligantur, & ad elemosinam plenè & integrè re∣serventur, in usus alios quam puram elemosinam nullatenus con∣vertenda: say the private Stat. of this Church made by Archbishop Winchelsey. Agreeable to that ordinance in the Provinciall Constitutions i 1.141 Omnia autem victualia religiosis apponenda sine subtractione aliqua eis apponantur tam in con∣ventu quam alibi ubi reficiuntur. Et de omnibus appositis totum residuum sine diminutione aliqua cedat in elemosinam per Ele∣mosinarium egentibus simul erogandum. It a quòd nec Abbas nec Prior nec Elemosinarius possit contra hoc dispensare. The Monk that was intrusted with the care of this place was cal∣led Decanus Elemosinariae and Elemosinarius Ecclesiae, the Church-Almoner. King Hen. 2. by his Charter, gave unto the Monks, for and in augmentation of this their Almnery, the ground between Northgate and Queningate as is afore

shewed. And Archbishop Richard (Beckets immediate Sue∣cessor) appropriated to this Almnery (or, if you will, to the Monkes ad usum Elemosinariae) the Churches of Monk∣ton, Eastry, Mepham, and Eynesford. Whereof Harpesfield thus. k 1.142 Magnum tamen sui (saith he speaking of that Arch∣bishop) pauperibus quibus liberaliter perpetuae elecmosina prospe∣xit, ad quem usum appropriavit ecclesias Monakensem, Estri∣ensem, Mephamensem & Eynesfordensem, desiderium reliquit. Afterwards l 1.143 in the yeare 1319. 11. Ed. 2. Henricus de Estria the then Prior of the Church, within the precinct of the same Almnery, erected a Chapell and founded a Chantery of sixe Priests to pray, sing and celebrate for the soules of King Ed. 1. Ed. 2. Archbishop Lanfranc and Winchelsey, with the Founder himselfe and someothers, confirmed by the Kings Charter. Contiguous whereunto hee built a Chamber for the Priests, and afterwards. i. in the yeare 1327. his Successor, with consent of the Covent assigned and appropriated the Parsonage of Westcliffe by Dover to the Almnery for ever, for the sustentation of the Priests, and the maintenance of the Chapell, and Chamber, &c. Which both are as yet standing, but converted to the Free-Schoole and housing for the Schoole-Master. This Alm∣nery was taken and pared from the Church at the Dissoluti∣on, but restored by Queene Mary, through her Cousin Cardinall Pooles meanes. In the Charter of which restitu∣tion 〈◊〉〈◊〉 mention is made of a Mint there, somtimes kept by her Father (Hen. 8.) from whence it tooke (as I told you * 1.144 formerly) and to this day retaines the name of the Mint or Mint-yard. And thus I have done with the third particular head of my discourse concerning the Church: and come in the next place to (my third particular) the Catalogue of benefactors.

Notes

• * 1.1

  〈◊〉〈◊〉 Particular.
• h 1.2

  Peregrinatio Religionis ergo.
• i 1.3

  Vbi supra Porch.
• * 1.4

  Body.
• k 1.5

  Vbi supra.
• l 1.6

  Vbi supra.
• * 1.7

  Dunstan-steeple.
• * 1.8

  Arundell-steeple.
• * 1.9

  1317.
• m 1.10

  In Registris Consistorii & Offi. 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Cant.
• n 1.11

  Liber ms. Ec∣cles. Christi Cant.
• o 1.12

  〈◊〉〈◊〉 archivis Ec••es. praed.
• * 1.13

  Martyrdome.
• p 1.14

  Peregrinatio religionis ergo.
• q 1.15

  Thorne in vi∣tis Abbat San∣cti Augustini.
• * 1.16

  Lady-chapell.
• r 1.17

  Antiq. Brit. in vita Stafford. pag. 289.
• * 1.18

  S. Michaels Chapell.
• s 1.19

  Antiq. Prit. in ejus vita pag. 149.
• * 1.20

  Quire.
• t 1.21

  Vide pag. 113.
• * 1.22

  Hangings.
• * 1.23

  1486.
• u 1.24

  Glossar. D. H. Spelman. in hac voce.
• x 1.25

  Peregrin. Re∣lig. ergô.
• y 1.26

  Erasm. ubi supra.
• * 1.27

  Altars.
• * 1.28

  Beckets-chapell
• z 1.29

  Vide sit dict. vide Pancirol. par. prior tit. 23. & Martin. Lexic. Philolo∣gic. verb. Musi∣vus.
• a 1.30

  Peregrin. Relig. ergô.
• * 1.31

  Beckets-crown.
• * 1.32

  Vestry.
• b 1.33

  Peregrin. Re∣lig. ergo.
• * 1.34

  Sacrist.
• c 1.35

  Cowell. In∣terpreter in hac voce.
• d 1.36

  Liber Eccles. Cant.
• e 1.37

  Harpsfield. Eccles. Hist. sae∣cul. 12. pag. 342. Threasury.
• f 1.38

  Repertorium Munimentor. ecclesiae Cant.
• * 1.39

  Deanes-Cha∣pell.
• * 1.40

  Library.
• * 1.41

  Windowes.
• g 1.42

  De gest. Pon∣tifi. lib. 1. pag. 234. Edit. Francofurt.
• * 1.43

  Vndercroft.
• * 1.44

  French-Church.
• h 1.45

  Lib. camerae Civilatis Cant.
• * 1.46

  Blacke Prin∣ces Chapell.
• i 1.47

  Fawkshall Mannor by London. Lib. eccles. Cane.
• * 1.48

  Lady-Chapell.
• k 1.49

  Pereg••n. Re∣lig. ergô.
• * 1.50

  Beckets Tombe
• l 1.51

  Antiq. B••it in ijus vita. pag. 137 Matth. Paris. ••st. Angl pag 167. Editio Lon∣don.
• m 1.52

  Roger Hove∣den. An••al. par. post••r. pag. ••39. Editio. Francosurt.
• n 1.53

  Lib. eccles. Cant. Anno 1179.
• * 1.54

  Chapter-house
• o 1.55

  Antiq. Brit. in ejus vita. pag. 138. Cloister.
• p 1.56

  Liber ••ecee. Cant.
• * 1.57

  Monuments.
• * 1.58

  Bishop Bokin∣ghams Monu∣ment.
• q 1.59

  God••. Catal. of B B in Lin∣colne. & Harpsf. saecul. 14. cap. 27.
• * 1.60

  Font.
• * 1.61

  S^r W^m Septvans Knight.
• r 1.62

  In Regist. Con∣sistor. Cant. Manumission.
• * 1.63

  Sir W^m. Sept∣vans Knight and Elisabeth his wife.
• * 1.64

  Odmar Heng∣ham.
• * 1.65

  Sir Iohn Guil∣ford.
• * 1.66

  Sir W^m. Brench∣ley Knight and Ioane his wife.
• s 1.67

  In Reg. Consist. Cant. Sir Thomas Fogge Knight and Ioane his wife.
• * 1.68

  Sir Edmund Haute.
• t 1.69

  In Registro praedict.
• * 1.70

  Richard Wille∣ford.
• * 1.71

  Robert Clifford.
• * 1.72

  S^• W^m. Arundell Knight.
• * 1.73

  S^• Iohn Hyneux Knight and Elizabeth his wife.
• * 1.74

  Archd. Bourg∣chier.
• * 1.75

  Margaret Dutchesse of Clarence and her two hus∣bands.
• * 1.76

  Black Prince.
• * 1.77

  Henry 4. and his two wives.
• v 1.78

  Harpsfield Saecul. 15. cap. 14. pag. 634.
• * 1.79

  Isabel Coun∣tesse of A∣tholl.
• * 1.80

  Ioan Lady Mohun.
• x 1.81

  Cambd. Bri∣tannia in Sum∣mersetshire.
• * 1.82

  Archbishops Palace.
• y 1.83

  Hist. eccles. lib. 1. c. 26.
• z 1.84

  Antiq. Brit. in vita Augustini.
• a 1.85

  Hist. Novor. lib. 1. pag. 8.
• b 1.86

  Lib. ecclesie Cant.
• * 1.87

  Peramb. of Kent in Cant.
• d 1.88

  Ecclesiastic. Hist. Saecul 13. Cap. 5 pag. 434.
• * 1.89

  Great-Hall.
• e 1.90

  Stow. Annals in Ed. 1.
• * 1.91

  Church-pre∣cinct.
• f 1.92

  Hist. Novor. lib. 1. pag. 7.
• g 1.93

  Liber ecclesiae. Cant.
• h 1.94

  Liber ecclesie praedict.
• i 1.95

  Liber ecclesi•• memoratae.
• k 1.96

  Liber ecclesiae memoratae.
• l 1.97

  Liber ecclesi•• Cant.
• m 1.98

  In Archivis ejusd. eccles.
• * 1.99

  Queningate-lane.
• * 1.100

  Aldermanry of Westgate.
• * 1.101

  Church-Gate.
• n 1.102

  Charta in lib. Hosp de Est∣bridge.
• * 1.103

  Cimitery-Gate.
• * 1.104

  Schoole-house.
• o 1.105

  Lib. Hosp. Pau∣perum Sacerdot. Cantuar.
• p 1.106

  Repub. lib. 18. cap. 6. ••um. 1.
• * 1.107

  ^• Lamberts Per∣ambulation of Kent in Canter∣bury.
• r 1.108

  Ms. in Archi∣vis eccles. Cant.
• s 1.109

  Harpsfield eccles. Hist. in ejus vita.
• * 1.110

  Honors.
• * 1.111

  Fermary-Cha∣pell.
• t 1.112

  Quem refert Author Antiq. 〈◊〉〈◊〉 vita Cut∣berti.
• * 1.113

  Infirmary.
• v 1.114

  Matt. Paris. pag. 299.
• x 1.115

  Liber ms. Ec∣cles. Cant.
• * 1.116

  Dortor.
• y 1.117

  Ms. memorat.
• * 1.118

  Refectory.
• z 1.119

  Decreta Lan∣franci & caeri∣moniale Bene∣dictin.
• * 1.120

  Cellerar. Sacrst. Cha••berlain. Threasur••r.
• a 1.121

  Lib. Ecclesiae Cantuar.
• * 1.122

  Or victum.
• b 1.123

  Lib. eccles. Cant.
• * 1.124

  Cellerars-Halimot.
• c 1.125

  Spelman. Glossar. in Verb. Cellerarius.
• * 1.126

  Cellerars-Hall
• d 1.127

  Hist. Novor. lib. 1. pag. 7. & 8.
• * 1.128

  Celler••. Lodgings.
• e 1.129

  Vidc Stat. 25. ••en. 8.
• * 1.130

  Court-Ga••.
• * 1.131

  Hog-Hall.
• f 1.132

  Glossar.
• * 1.133

  Aula Hospitum.
• * 1.134

  1.
• g 1.135

  Lib. Ms. eccles. Cant.
• * 1.136

  2.
• * 1.137

  3.
• * 1.138

  Stewards court.
• h 1.139

  In Archivis Eccles. Cant.
• * 1.140

  Almnery.
• i 1.141

  Cap. omn••m. de sta•• regular.
• k 1.142

  Hist. eccles. Secul. 12.
• l 1.143

  Lib. eccles. Cant.
• * 1.144

  An Archivis ••esue pr••d.