The antiquities of Canterbury. Or a survey of that ancient citie, with the suburbs, and cathedrall Containing principally matters of antiquity in them all. Collected chiefly from old manuscripts, lieger-bookes, and other like records, for the most part, never as yet printed. With an appendix here annexed: wherein (for better satisfaction to the learned) the manuscripts, and records of chiefest consequence, are faithfully exhibited. All (for the honour of that ancient metropolis, and his good affection to antiquities) sought out and published by the industry, and goodwill of William Somner.

The Gates.

The Gates of the City come next to be considered of. The Wall at this day admits of onely sixe (except the three Posternes) answering to the number of the Wards, Burgate, Newingate, Ridingate, Worthgate, Westgate, and Northgate. Anciently we had another, a seventh gate, which was called Queningate, whereof mention is made in the fore-going note of the measure∣ment of the City Wall. I will briefely speake of them all, beginning with that whereof I finde eldest mention, Burgate, or Burrough-gate.

The first of King Ethelb. Charters dated in the yeare of our redemption 605. tels us of this Gate: bounding out * 1.1 the intended site of Saint Augustines Monastery, South to Burgate-way. In meridie via de Burgate, saith the Char∣ter. It was afterwards, and still is otherwise called Saint Michaels-gate, from the Church so called sometime neighbouring to it. About the yeare of Grace 1475. This Gate was new builded, at whose charges is to be seene up∣on the Gate, without, where you may finde the principall

benefactors, worthy Citizens in their times, thus me∣morized. Per Iohannem Franingam, Iohannem Nethersole, & Edm. Minot.

By this Gate lyes the Road betweene the City and Sand∣wich, * 1.2 and the bordering parts, and that onely by Long∣port at this day: whereas in former time there was also a common foot-way lying through S^t Augustines Church∣yard, by the Gate at either end, the one yet standing a∣gainst S^t Pauls-street, called Church-street: at the one end, and the other directly oppositeto it, where a new Gate was lately made opening into S^t Martins-streete. Besides tradition which retaines the memory of this com∣mon way, the wills e 1.3 of some of our Townesmen buried in S^t Augustines said Church-yard, make mention of it, by appointing and laying out their burials in Cimiterio S^t Au∣gust' in alta via, and the like. And in, or about the begin∣ning of Hen. 6. reigne, I finde there arose a great debate, ending in a suite in law, betweene the City and the Abby concerning Limits; occasioned chiefely by the Citizens challenge, and the Monkes deniall of this way, to lye and be within the liberty and franchese of the City. The qua∣rell happened in the time of the Bailiffes, who in their passage to and from S^t Martins by that way, with their Maces, the ensignes of their Magistracy borne up before them, so distasted the Monkes, that on a time meeting them and their company upon the place, and not prevai∣ling with them verbis; or by force of argument to desert their, and the Cities claime in that behalfe: impatient of the affront, they attempted it vi, or by force of armes, endeavouring by strong hand to force them from the place, but being the weaker party, were put to the worst. To suit then they goe, but the issue what it was I cannot learne, onely I have seene (and have a Copy of) an argu∣ment drawne and framed on the Monkes part, and in de∣fence of their limits and liberties, to the doing whereof

the premised difference gave the occasion. However the way continued and lay common till our memory. And here, in all probability, lay the most ancient rode between Burgate and S^t Martins, it meets in so streight a line, the rodes at either end; whereas Long-port rode lyes wide of them both, more south from the Abby: the rode being so turned of purpose (as I conceive) to make more way, and give larger scope for S^t Augustines Church-yard. And (which moves me most) the first site of the Abbey is bounded South to Burgate way, and not to Long-port f 1.4. But leaving this Gate, come we now to the next.

Newingate, otherwise from the Church so called stand∣ing * 1.5 hard by it, S^t Georges-gate. This Gate was new built much about the time that Burgate was. For thus I read in the will of one William Bigg of Cant. g 1.6 a benefactor to the worke, 1470. Item, I give ten pounds to the making, and performing of S^t Georges Gate, to be payed as the worke goeth forward. But it took not the name of New∣ingate, that is Newgate, from this new building of it; but was much more anciently so called. For about the middle of the eleventh Century, in a Bull of Pope Alex. 3. to the Monkes of Christ-church, I read this; In civitate Cantuar. Ecclesiam scil. Georgii de Newingate: Yet by the name of it, it should not be of any great antiquity. And indeed I conceive it to be of a latter foundation then any of the other five, and that it was built (as Newgate in London was upon an occasion not much unlike h 1.7) chiefely for a more direct passage into the heart of the City from Dover-rode. Whereas the more ancient rode and passage into the City from Dover lay by the next Gate, whither I am going.

Ridingate, an ancient Gate, and mentioned in the Re∣cords of S^t Augustins Abby, in Ann. Dom. 1040. thus: * 1.8 E••dsinus Archiepiscopus dedit Sancto Augustino quinque acr as terrae Rudingate & unum pratum pertinens ad terram praedict':

hac conditione interposita, ut monachi S^t August. haberent ejus memoriam in orationibus suis specialem i 1.9.

By this Gate (I say) anciently lay the Dover-rode, or rather the Roman port-way, or military way betweene Do∣ver and Canterb. the like whereof lay betweene * 1.10 Limen and the City. (As probably also betweene it and the rest of the Roman ports, to wit Reculoer, Richborow, and New∣enden, places all where the Romans planted their Castra Riparensia, as I may not unfitly call them, for the defence of the Saxon shore:) Of the which formed two, one up∣on Burham-downe, and the other upon the Downes by Horton and Stowting, is in ancient evidences called Dun∣strata. 1. The street way on the hill or downe. The Vesti∣gia of the latter, is that long continued hard-way, called Stone-street, and of the other the abrupt pieces of a faire causey upon Barham-downe, a way more streight and di∣rect then that now used, lying by Whitings-way, or rather White-way (for King Iohns Charter to S^t Rudegund's Abby by Dover cals it Alba via k 1.11;) whither the rode was turned (as is probably conjectured) for the frequency of robberies and murders committed in Woolwich-wood, through which the former way lay and lead. But to our Gate againe, which I suppose tooke it name from this Port-way or Rode-way. Ridingate, being no other but the Rode-gate. Which conjecture is made much more probable, if not the matter put out of all doubt, partly by the tokens of Antiquity, the Roman or British-bricks as yet to be seene about it, and partly by the name of the streete leading from it into the City, called to this day Watling-street, one of the foure famous wayes or streets which crossed and quartered the Kingdome. Erming-street, Ikenildstreet and Fosse being the other three, which Mulmutius Dunwallo is by some storied to have made; I know not how many hundreds of yeeres before Christ. So Holinshead. But of M^r Cambden, who hath a

large discourse of them l 1.12, much more probably attributed to the Romanes. I proceed.

By this gate was sometime standing a Church, called the Church of S. Edmund m 1.13 the King and Martyr, otherwise from the Gate by which it stood, S. Edmunds of Ridingate, built by one Hamon the sonne of Vitalis, one of those who came in with the Conquerour n 1.14. This Church was stand∣ing neare within the gate, for I have read an old deed bounding out an house one way to the street leading to S. Edmunds Church from Tierne-Crouch (that is the Iron crosse, which sometime stood at the East-end of Castle-street, at the meeting of the foure weuts) But the Church is now so cleane gone, that the least vestigium of it appears not. I read o 1.15, that upon the declining of it, iu the yeare of our Lord 1349. it was united to S. Mary Bredne, by the then Commissary of Canterb', specially authorised there∣to by the Ordinary, who were then the Prior and Count of Christ-Church in the vacancy of the See by Archbishop Bradwardines death, with consent of the Nunnes of Sepul∣chres, who were Patrons of it, it being given them long before by the Abbot and his Covent of S. Aug. whereof their domestick Chronicler p 1.16 hath these words. Anno Dom. 1184. Rogerus Abbas & Conventus hujus Monasterii concesserunt ecclesiam beati Edmundi de Redingate in puram & perpetuam elemosynam Monialibus S. Sep. Cant. Ita ta∣men quod Moniales praedictae in recognitionem Iuris quod S. Aug. habet in praedicta ecclesia de red. 12. denarios de ipsa ecclesia singulis annis reddent super Altare S. Aug. in die ipsius scil. ad organa reparanda, & super hoc tam Priorissa & Sup∣priorissa in Capitulo nostro fidelitatem juraverunt multis testi∣bus praesentibus. Thus he. Let me onely acquaint you that over this Ridingate, was sometimes, and that in the me∣morie of many yet living, a Bridge lying upon the under∣props or Buttresses yet standing on either side the Gate; * 1.17 by which when it stood, a man might have continued his

walk from the lesser to the greater Dondgehill, and è con∣tra, but it is decayed and gone. And so I walk on to Worth∣gate.

Of which I can say but little, and the rather because I am not as yet perswaded to be of their opinion who think that Winchep-gate, that now is, and so called, is the anci∣ent Worthgate. For my part, I rather conceive the gate now disgated sometime leading out of the Castle-yard in∣to Winchep to be Worthgate, because it is both the more ancient gate in all appearance, carrying a shew of greater Antiquitie then the castle it self in the perfect Arch of British brick which it hath, not sampled of any other a∣bout the City; and in its ruines retaines the vestigia of a gate, both for strength and beauty of good respect. Be∣sides, by it the road is continued, directly from Castle-street into Winchep, and è contra: whereas Winchep-gate carries no shew of the least antiquitie; and beside stands wide of Winchep, making the passenger wheel a∣bout, and fetch a compasse to come to it. Besides observe the name, which I suppose taken up and given it since the building of the Castle, Worthgate, that is (as I conceive) the Castle-gate, or gate by the Castle: Worth (as some interpretit q 1.18) signifying a Fort: or else VVorthgate, quasi VVard-gate, from the constant watch and ward (com∣monly called Castle-guard:) anciently kept in the Castle and Barbican, for the safeguard of it and the City, where∣of some ancient evidences have taken notice, as (amongst other) one of S. Radeg. Abbey r 1.19, made in Ric. 1. or King Iohns time, concluding thus. Haec emptio facta fuit illo tem∣pore quo VV^•us de Hesheteford habuit wardam Castelli Cant. & eodem temp' Theoricus le Vineter fuit pr••fectus.

But leaving this matter, let me tell you, that, accord∣ing * 1.20 to traditionall report, London rode lay anciently by this gate, untill Boughton way, as the more direct, came into request; which it did but lately as they say, how truly

I know not, but not improbably, (if for no other reason) because of the prison kept of old first in the Castle, and af∣terwards at or neare S. Iacobs (whereof more anon) pla∣ces most likely of the greatest through-fare. But as a thing uncertaine I leave it with a Fides penes lectorem esto, untill further enquiry shall inable me to give him better satisfa∣ction. But for certain, of old, in perilous times of hostilitie, all strangers coming by Dover, and those eastern coasts from forrein parts, being denied the common through∣fare of the City, were put to seek London-rode, by a lane leading to it not farre distant from this Gate, of some cal∣led Strangers way, of other Out-aliens way, which cros∣seth * 1.21 the rode at S. Dunstans Crosse a little on this side of Cockering ferme. Of this Gate I have nothing more to say in this place, because I shall have a second occasion for it, when I come to the Castle. I passe therefore from it to VVestgate.

But first will it please you to heare my second thoughts, touching the rodes lying by this Gate, to and from Lon∣don?

Some haply will more readily adhere to this opinion, because M^r Cambden s 1.22 seems to be in a manner of their minde, by making Lenham (in his interpretation) the same with the Emperour Antoninus his Durolsuum men∣tioned in his Itinerary, as one of the mansions or stations upon the rode lying in his time between London and Rich∣borough.

But therein (I take it) M^r Cambden is mistaken, If you * 1.23 will heare my reasons, first let me give you the Stations or Mansions which the Itinerary mentions lying in the rode between London and Richborough, with the distances be∣tween the stages, and the totall summe or number of miles in the whole journey, taking beginning from London.

Noviomago. m. p. x.	In toto lxxiiij.
Vaginacis. m. p. xviij.
Durobrovis. m. p. ix:
Durolevo. m. p. xiij.
Duroverno. m. p. xij.
Ad portum Ritupis. m. p. xij.

Let me adde also the stages (and their distances) be∣tween London and Dover, and between London and Lin, with the totals also of their miles, as the same Itinerary sets them down.

• Item, à Londinio ad portum Dubris. M. P. 66. sic.
• Durobrovis. m. p. xxvij.
• Duroverno. m. p. xxv.
• Ad portum Dubris. m. p. xiiij.
• Item, à Londinio ad portum Lemanis. M. P. lxviij. sic.
• Durobrovis. m. p. xxvij.
• Duroverno. m. p. xxv.
• Ad portum Lemanis. m. p. xvj.

Now the first of these stages betweene London and Richborough (Noviomagus) M^r Cambden conceiveth to be that which is now called Woodcote, a little village neare Croydon in Surrey. The next (Vagniac.) he takes for Maid∣stone, a Towne well knowne in Kent. The third (Durobro∣vis) for Rochester City. The fourth (Durolevum) for Len∣ham in Kent. The fift (Durovernum) for Canterbury City, and the next and last (Portus Ritupis) for Richborough neare Sandwich.

As for the third and two last of these stages, there is no cause of doubt (as I conceive) but he hits them aright: the Quaere rests then onely upon the other three. Now it will, I thinke, be easily granted that the Roman-roads betweene Port and Port; and betweene one great Towne and another, were made and laid out as direct and streight

as might be t 1.24: and that for the Posts and other Travellers both better direction, and also more swift and speedy dis∣patch of the journey; to facilitate whose passage they in∣vented, and made those causeyes, whereof we have in many places the remaines to this day. And that the rode or Port-way betweene London and these Port-Townes was streight and without much winding, appeareth plainely by the totall of the miles, not onely betweene them (e∣specially betweene London and Dover being reckoned but at 66. a distance which it holds almost to this day, though the English be longer then the Italian miles:) but also, if you marke it betweene London and Rochester, and between Rochester also and Canterbury, the former being 27. the latter 25. If this be so, the Traveller goes much awry and out of his way, that setting out of London, and bound for Richborough, goes first eight or ten miles wide of London, to Woodcote: from thence to Maidstone some 24. miles a∣sunder: and from Maidstone makes to Rochester (oblique∣ly all the way, without gaining a step nearer his journeys end, when he is there: and then quatering againe re∣turnes into Maidstone rode, and salutes Lenham, and so makes forward. He that takes his way thus shall finde it little lesse thrn 80. of our miles betweene London and Rich∣borough.

The case thus standing, suffer me to give my weake conjecture how the Rode might lye in the Romans time; and to tell you whereabout I guesse these Stations, Man∣sions or stages that the Itinerary speakes of, were severally seated, and may now probably be found.

As for the first then, being Noiomagus, or Noviomagus, and that seated tenne miles from London; I cannot con∣ceive * 1.25 how it should be a stage for this rode, and lye wide of London, as Woodcote doth, so many miles, and consequent∣ly set the Traveller at as great a distance from the place whither he is bound (Richborough) as when he first set out

of London. Considering this, and the distance betweene London and Rochester, by the Itinerary, I should rather place it about Crayford, much about tenne miles from London, upon or alongst some Hill or Downe, since it is otherwise called Noviodunum.

As for Vagniac••, the next stage, 18. miles from Novio∣magus * 1.26 (saith the Itinerary, not without a mistake, I beleeve of 18. for 8. miles, it being by the same Itinerary, but 27. betweene London and Rochester) I suppose it might stand about Northfleet, distant about 8. miles from Crayford, and about as many miles from Durobrovis or Rochester, the next stage upon the rode, and which I think Nennius rather in∣tends by his Caer Medwag, in his catalogue of Cities, then Maidstone.

The 4^th and next stage after Durobrovis, Durolevum, * 1.27 13 miles (by the Itinerary) distanced from Durobrovis, I take to have been seated not farre from Newington a vil∣lage on the rode between Rochester and Canterbury: In this particular not a little strengthened and uphold∣en in my conjecture by the multitude of Romane urns lately found in digging there, at such place as is already discovered and discoursed of by the learned Meric. Ca∣saubon, then Batchelor, now Doctour in Divinitie, my ever honoured friend u 1.28.

If any shall stumble at the disproportion of miles be∣tween it and Durovernum (Canterbury) let them know there is even as great between Lenham and Canterbury.

Why it should be called Durolevum, I am altogether ig∣norant. What if I conjecture (because the Itinerary layes out the rode from London to Richborough, and not è contra) from having the river or water (of Medway) on the left hand of it, as by the inhabitants tradition, Newington some∣time had, and within about 2 miles of it yet hath?

If any looking for better Remaines of a Romane stati∣on, shall object the mean condition of the present village,

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such may know that Newington hath been a place of more note in time past then now. I read of a Nunnery there of ancient time, whereof and of the pristine estate of the place, please you to reade what Thorne hath written x 1.29.

Apud manerium de Newington (saith he) fuerunt quon∣dam Moniales quae tenuerunt manerium illud integrè, scilicet id quod Dominus Abbas S. Augustini tenet, & id quod haeredes Domini G. de Lucy tenent, & id quod haeredes B. de Ripariis tenent, praeter id quod Richardus de Lucy adquisivit de Brunell de Middelton, & tunc defendebat illud manerium pro uno sul∣lingo terrae versus Regem apud Middelton. Postea contingebat quòd Priorissa ejusdem Monasterii strangulata fuit de conventu suo nocte in lecto suo, & postea tracta ad puteum quod vocatur Nonnepet: quo comperto, cepit Dominus Rex manerium illud in manum suam, & tenuit illud in custodia sua, caeteris monia∣libus usque Scapeiam ind•• amotis. Postea Henricus Rex Pater substituit quosdam canonicos seculares, & dedit illis illud ma∣nerium integrum cum xxviij pisis casei de manerio de Middel∣ton. Subsequenti verò tempore unus occisus fuit inter eos, de qua morte quatuor fuerunt culpabiles, & duo reliqui culpabiles non inventi, per licentiam Domini Regis portionem suam de∣derunt sancto Augustino, quinque partibus remanentibus in manu Regis usque dedit illas partes Domino Richardo de Lucy Iustitiario suo. Vnde Abbas S. Augustini tenuit praedictas duas partes quousque per concambium, ut supradictum est, unà cum xj sol. v^d annui redditus in hamleto de Thetham fuit sibi satis∣factum, qui quidem Hamlet postea devenit in manus Abbatis de Heversham, ex dono praedicti Richardi de Lucy, qui Abbas de praedicto redditu ecclesiae beati Augustini respondet in praesen∣ti. Alia quaedam scripta tradunt illos praebendarios tempore Re∣gis Willielmi conquestoris sic deliquisse, per quorum deli∣ctum omnia sua ibidem in manu Regis fuerunt forisfacta, qui quidem Dominus Willielm' Rex duas partes saepe nominatas de∣dit Abbati S. Augustini. Quae verò istarum opinionum sit verior, in effectu ad eligendum relinquo optioni legentis.

Craving pardon for this digression, and leaving Worth∣gate, I come now as I promised erewhile, and as the order of my method requires, to Westgate.

Edmerus the Monk of Canterbury shortly after the Con∣quest, * 1.30 names unto us this and the Northgate of the City, telling us of Archb. Lanfranc's founding a double Hospi∣tall, the one for leprous, without the former, and the other for aged and impotent without the other gate y 1.31. This of Westgate being decayed (as I have told you) was reedi∣fied by Archbishop Sudbury in Rich. 2. time. It hath its Church by it called Holy Crosse (with this addition, from the Gate:) of Westgate.

The same gate the surest and largest about the City, * 1.32 and therefore, and in respect also of the chief through fare under it, is at this day the common Gaole or Prison of the City, both for malefactors and others, and hath been so (as I suppose) almost ever since the new building of it: but certainly from the 31. of Hen. 6. For then (as Edw. 4^th in his Charter recites) he granted it to the City by his Charter, in these words. Custodiam Gaiolae suae de Westgate praedict Civitatis suae Cantuar. ad prisones tunc incarceratos & extunc incarcerendos infra eandem Civitatem & suburb. pro quocunque crimine seu causa cuptos seu capiendos, detinendos in eadem per se vel Ministros suos &c. The Town Prison be∣ing immediately before its remove thither kept in another place, to wit before the now town-Hall or Court-Hall (whereof more hereafter:) as formerly it was at another place, to which I am copiously directed by the Records of Christ-Church, which shew it to have stood in the heart of the City, hard by S. Andrews Church, on the North-side of the street, even where since and now our corn-market is kept; which the boundary of a house of Christ-Church situate thereabouts anciently thus discovers. In parochia S. Andreae, inter venellam per quam itur ad carcerem Civitatis quae est versus East. And another thus. In angulo sicut itur ab

ecelesia S^t Andreae versus carcerem Civitatis z 1.33. This latter house I take to be that where M^r Taylor the Linen-draper lately dwelt, which is a Church-house, and it seemes was anciently, a corner-house, that being but lately put up which now stands betweene it and the Corne-market.

This Prison in those dayes was knowne by the name of the Spech-house. Nicholaus de Wilt-shire Priso in Gaola Ci∣vitatis Cant. vocat Spech-house moriebatur, &c. say the Crowne-Rolls, 11. Ed. 2. And whilest it was kept there, the lane now called Angell-lane, to which toward the East it abutted, called parvus vicus juxta Spech-house, and Spech-house-lane. For a Townes-man in his Will, dated 1404. proved (according to an old Custome of the City) before the Bailifes of the place, deviseth his Tenement in S^t Mary Magdalens Parish in Spech-house-lane a 1.34; which of necessary consequence, must be this, there being no other lane in that Parish that leads to the Spech-house.

The same records of the Cathedrall informe me of a yet more ancient common Goale or Prison then this, be∣longing * 1.35 to the City, which in the time of Prior Benedict, about 450. yeares agoe, they call Novum Carcerem Civi∣tatis. It stood (say they) in a part of that which was after∣wards the Augustine Friers seate, since the dissolution be∣come the dwelling house (after many others) of Cap∣taine Berrye's heires, having then a lane leading to it, from Saint Georges street, called Lambertslane, afterward Brewerslane, and Vicus qui ducit ad veterem Gayolam. For the composition made in the yeare 1326. between those Friers, and the then Parson of S^t George (whereof more hereafter) bounds out their seate in this manner. In pa∣rochia S^t Georgii Cant. Iuxta quandam venellam vocat' Brew∣erslane, viz. inter praed. venellam, & tenementum Thomae de Bonynton versus North, & quendum locum vocat' Eald-gaole, & tenementum Ceciliae at Gayole vers. West &c. To which adde the boundary of the house, then of the Monks of

Christ-Church, now the dwelling house of M^r Peter Piard and some others, which in the same records is thus laid downe. Inter Regiam stratam versus North, & veterem Gayolam vers. South. This note added to the former plain∣ly points out the situation.

And now in callem regredior, hoping this digression is neither in point of Antiquity impertinent, nor in point of method preposterous, being ushered in by so fit an oc∣casion. Our forefathers, whose wits the frequency of in∣vasion prompted to all manner of warlike invention, used to secure their City-gates against assailants, not onely with a Port-close to let downe before it, but also with a warlike device built over it, through which they could let downe any offensive thing against the enemy approch∣ing to assaile it. A Gate so fortified was called Porta ma∣checollata, from machecollare, or machecoulare, which (saith my Auther b 1.36) is to make a warlike device over a Gate or other passage like to a Grate, through which scalding water, or ponderous or offensive things may be cast upon the assailants. Thus he. After this manner were and are our two principall Gates built, this of Westgate, and in imi∣tation thereof that of Newingate, with each of them a Port-close, like as Burgate: now to Northgate.

This Gate stands under apart of Saint Maries Church, * 1.37 which is built over it upon the Wall, and to distinguish it from the other Maries of the City, hath this addition from the situation (of Northgate). Under the Quire or Chan∣cell whereof is a Vault, with an open space or lope-hole in the Wall fashioned like a Crosse. It was sometime an Hermitage, but is now belonging to the Parsonage.

Come we now to Queningate. But where shall we seeke it? Thereis none of the name at this day, and few know * 1.38 where it stood. I sought as narrowly for it as for Ants∣paths, and at length having found it will shew you where it was. It stood against the Priory of Christ Church, saith

our Wall-measurer, distanced from Northgate (saith he) 69. perches, but saith an Elder record of Christ Church, 71. perches. By these descriptions it must needs have stood neare the place of the now Posterne-gate, against S^t Augustines. And indeed a remanent of British brickes laid and couched Arch-wise at a place in the Wall, a little North-ward of the Posterne, showes the very place. A small Gate it was (Parva porta de Queningate, saith Ickham;) but I will assure you a very ancient one, as not onely the Bricks-betoken, but the records of Saint Augustine prove it, which tell that one Domwaldus (as I told you on a for∣mer occasion) gave to that Abby certaine land within Queningate. The very name hath antiquity in it, signify∣ing the King or Queenes gate, being haply Ethelbert and his Queene Bertha their passage from their Palace neare adjoyning to the severall places of their divers devotions: the one (if Thorne say true) at Saint Pancrace (so after∣wards called;) the other at Saint Martin, whereof more hereafter c 1.39.

Where the Church or Chappell stood, that had it name from this Gate, being called Saint Mary of Queningate, * 1.40 I cannot well tell. That such a Church it had, is most cer∣taine. I trace it in many records (some 450 yeares old and more) of Christ-Church, which had the Patronage of that and Saint Michael of Burgate, confirmed to them in and by a Bull of Pope Alex. 3. and in many like Buls since. The Parson thereof in the yeare 1381. as those re∣cords informe me, made an exchange of it and Burgate to which it was an annexed Chap. for Portpole Chantery in Pauls. This being certaine, it is no lesse sure that it stood not farre from the Gate, by the name of it; yet not very neare, it is like, because the bounders of the City-Wall and ground under it, betweene Northgate and Quenin∣gate, and betweene it and Burgate, granted to Christ-Church, neither of them mention it: and Ickhams

measurement saith Queningate stood versus Prioratum ecclesiae Christi, not versus, nor juxta ecclesiam or capellam de Quening. I must leave it, untill I am better instructed where to finde it. And so I have done with both Wall and Gates, and come now unto (my next Particular) the Ci∣ty-Ditch. Only let me but name unto you the Posternes, which (as erewhile I told you) were three. One against * 1.41 Saint Augustine, a second at Saint Mildreds, and the third by the Sconce running from Abbats-Mill.

Notes

• * 1.1

  Burgate.
• * 1.2

  A common foot-way som ••ime through S^t Augustines Church-yard.
• e 1.3

  Penes Re∣gistrum Consistor' Cantuar.
• f 1.4

  Vide C••r. 1. Ethelberti.
• * 1.5

  Newingate.
• g 1.6

  In Archivis Registri Domini Archidiaconi Cantuar.
• h 1.7

  Survey of Lon∣d••n. pag. 35. ult. Editionis.
• * 1.8

  Ridingate.
• i 1.9

  Thorne in vi∣tis Abbat. S^t Augustini. Cant.
• * 1.10

  Cambd. in Kent of Portas Lenanis, and Stone-street.
• k 1.11

  Liber. Ab••. S^t Rudegundis.
• l 1.12

  Britannia. Ro∣manes in Bri∣tain. pag. 63. 64, 65. En∣glish edition.
• m 1.13

  S. Edmunds Church.
• n 1.14

  Lib. H••sp. S. Laurentii prope Cant.
• o 1.15

  Lib. Eccles. Christi. Cant.
• p 1.16

  Thorne In ••itis Abbat. S. Augustini.
• * 1.17

  Bridge over Ridingate.
• q 1.18

  Remaines of Surnames in verb. Worth. pag. 93.
• r 1.19

  Lib. Rad••∣gund.
• * 1.20

  London rode.
• * 1.21

  Strangers way.
• s 1.22

  Britannia in Kent.
• * 1.23

  M^r Cambdens opinion tou∣ching Lenham examination.
• t 1.24

  Hae viae sum∣ma rectitudi∣ne tanquam pro∣t••nsa linea, per quaecunque lo∣corum incommo∣da, tanta latitu∣dine ductae sunt. Twyne. De Reb. Albionic. lib. 2. pag. 152.
• * 1.25

  Noviomagus.
• * 1.26

  Vagniacae.
• * 1.27

  Durolevum.
• u 1.28

  Notes upon Marcus Aurel. Antoninus his meditations. pag. 31. &c.
• x 1.29

  In vitis Ab∣batum S. Aug.
• * 1.30

  Westgate.
• y 1.31

  Edmer. Hist. Nov••rum. lib. 1. pag. 9.
• * 1.32

  Prison there.
• z 1.33

  Rental. vet. eccles. Christ. Cantuar.
• a 1.34

  Liber. Civitat. Cant.
• * 1.35

  Another Pri∣son.
• b 1.36

  Coke upon Litt••on. lib. 1. cap. 1. Sect. 1. pag 5.
• * 1.37

  N••gate.
• * 1.38

  Queningate.
• c 1.39

  In S. August.
• * 1.40

  S^t. Mary of Queningate Church.
• * 1.41

  Posternes.