A sea grammar vvith the plaine exposition of Smiths Accidence for young sea-men, enlarged. Diuided into fifteene chapters: what they are you may partly conceiue by the contents. Written by Captaine Iohn Smith, sometimes gouernour of Virginia, and admirall of Nevv-England.

CHAP. II. How to build a ship with the definitions of all the principall names of euery part of her prin∣cipall timbers, also how they are fixed one to another, and the reasons of their vse.

THe first and lowest timber in a ship is the keele,* 1.1 to which is fastened all the rest; this is a great tree or more, hewen to the propor∣tion of her burden, laid by a right line in the bottome of the docke, or stockes. At the one end is skarfed into it,* 1.2 the Stem, which is a great timber wrought compassing, and all the butt-ends of the planks forwards are fixed to it.* 1.3 The Sterne post is ano∣ther great timber, which is let into the keele at the other end somewhat sloping,* 1.4 & from it doth rise the two fashion pee∣ces, like a paire of great hornes, to those are fastened all the plankes that reach to the after end of the ship, but before you vse any plankes,* 1.5 they lay the Rungs, called floore tim∣bers, or ground timbers, thwart the keele; thorow those you cut your Limberholes to bring the water to the well for the pumpe,* 1.6 the vse of them is when the ship is built to draw in them a long haire rope, by pulling it from sterne to stem, to scowre them, and keepe them cleane from choaking.

* 1.7Those ground timbers doe giue the floore of the ship, being straight, sauing at the ends they begin to compasse, and there they are called the Rungheads,* 1.8 and doth direct

the Sweepe or Mould of the Foot-hookes and Nauell tim∣bers,* 1.9 for there doth begin the compasse and bearing of the ship, those are skarfed into the ground timbers, which is one peece of wood let into another, or so much wood cut away from the one as from the other, for when any of those timbers are not long enough of themselues, they are skar∣fed in this manner, to make two or three as one: those next the keele are called the ground Foot-hookes,* 1.10 the other the vpper Foot-hookes; but first lay your keele∣son ouer your floore timbers, which is another long tree like the keele, and this lying within as the other without, must be fast bound together with strong iron bolts thorow the timber•• and all, and on those are all the vpper workes raised, when the Foot-hookes are skarfed, as is said, and well bolted, when they are planked vp to the Orlop they make the ships Howle, and those timbers in generall are called the ships ribs,* 1.11 because they represent the carkasse of any thing hath ribs. The sleepers run before and after on each side the keeleson, on the floore well bolted to the Foot-hookes, which being thus bound doe strengthen each other.* 1.12 The Spurkits are the spaces betwixt the timbers a∣longst the ship side in all parts, but them in Howle below the Sleepers, are broad boords, which they take vp to cleare the Spurkits, if any thing get betwixt the tim∣bers.

The Garbord is the first planke next the keele on the out∣side,* 1.13 the Garbord strake is the first seame next the keele, your rising timbers are the hookes, or ground timbers and foot-hookes placed on the keele, and as they rise by little and little, so doth the run of the ship from the floore,* 1.14 which is that part of the ship vnder water which comes narrower by degrees from the floore timbers along to the sterne post, called the ships way aftward, for according to her run she will steare well or ill, by reason of the quicknesse or slow∣nesse of the water comming to the rudder: now all those plankes vnder water,* 1.15 as they rise and are ioyned one end to another, the fore end is called the Butt-end in all ships,* 1.16

b••t in great ships they are commonly most carefully bolted, for if one of those ends should spring, or giue way it would be a great troublesome danger to stop such a leake, the other parts of those plankes are made fast wich good Treenailes and Trunnions of well seasoned timber,* 1.17 thorow the timbers or ribs, but those plankes that are fastened into the ships stem are called whoodings.* 1.18

The gathering of those workes vpon the ships quarter vnder water is called the Tucke,* 1.19 if it lie too low it makes her haue a fat quarter, and hinders the quicke passage of the water to the rudder; if too high she must be laid out in that part, else she will want bearing for her after workes. The Transome is a timber lies thwart the sterne,* 1.20 betwixt the two fashion peeces, and doth lay out the breadth of the ship at the buttockes,* 1.21 which is her breadth from the Tucke vp∣wards, and according there to her breadth or narrow∣nesse, we say she hath a narrow or broad buttocke, the fa∣shion peeces, before spoke of, are the two outmost timbers, on either side the sterne, excepting the counters.* 1.22 The ships Rake is so much of her hull as hangs ouer both ends of the keele, so much as is forward is said, she rakes so much for∣ward, and so in like manner aftward: by the hull is meant, the full bulke or body of a ship without masts or any rig∣ging from the stem to the sterne: The Rake forward is neere halfe the length of the keele, and for the Rake aftward about the forepart of her Rake forward, but the fore Rake is that which giues the ship good way, and makes her keep a good wind, but if she haue not a full Bow, it will make her pitch her head much into the Sea, if but a small Rake forward, the sea will meet her so fast vpon the Bowes, she will make small way, and if her sterne be vpright as it were, she is called Bluffe,* 1.23 or Bluffe-headed. A ships Billage is the breadth of the floore when she doth lie aground, & Billage water is that which cannot come to the pumpe, we say also she is bilged, when she strikes on a rocke, an anchors flooke or any thing that breakes her plankes or timbers, to spring a leake.

When you haue berthed or brought her vp to the planks,* 1.24 which are those thicke timbers which goeth fore and aft on each side, whereon doth lie the beames of the first Orlop,* 1.25 which is the first floore to support the plankes doth couer the Howle, those are great crosse timbers, that keepes the ship sides asunder, the maine beame is euer next the maine mast, where is the ships greatest breadth, the rest from this is called the first, second, third, fourth, &c. forward or aft∣ward beames. Great ships haue a tier of beames vnder the Orlop whereon lies no decke, and great posts and binders called Riders frō them to the keele in howle only to streng∣then all.* 1.26 But the beames of the Orlop is to be bound at each end with sufficient Knees,* 1.27 which is a crooked peece of wood bowed like a knee, that bindes the beames and foot-hookes, being bolted together, some stand right vp and downe, some a long the ship, and are vsed about all the deckes, some sawed or hewed to that proportion, but them which grow naturally to that fashion are the best.

Lay the Orlop with good planke according to her pro∣portion▪ so leuell as may be is the best in a man of Warre,* 1.28 because all the Ports may be of such equall height, so that euery peece may serue any Port,* 1.29 without making any beds or platformes to raise them, but first bring vp your worke as before to the second decke or Orlop, and by the way you may cut your number of port holes according to the great∣nesse of your ship;* 1.30 by them fasten your Ringbolts for the tackles of your Ordnances, you vse Ringbolts also for brin∣ging the plankes and wail••s to the ship side,* 1.31 and Set bolts for forcing the workes and plankes together,* 1.32 Clinch bolts are clinched with a riueting hammer for drawing out. But Rag bolts are so iaggered that they cannot be drawne out.* 1.33 Fore locke bolts hath an eye at the end,* 1.34 whereinto a fore locke of iron is driuen to keepe it from starting backe.* 1.35 Fend bolts are beat into the outside of a ship with the long head to saue her sides from galling against other ships,* 1.36 Driue bolts is a long piece of iron to driue out a treenaile, or any such thing, besides diuers others so vsefull that without

them and long iron spikes and nailes,* 1.37 nothing can be well done; yet I haue knowne a ship built, hath sailed to and a∣gaine ouer the maine Ocean, which had not so much as a naile of iron in her but onely one bolt in her keele.

* 1.38Now your risings are aboue the first Orlop as the Clamps are vnder it, which is long thicke plankes like them, fore and aft on both sides, vnder the ends of the Beames and timbers of the second Decke or Orlop, or the third Decke or Orlop, or the third Decke which is neuer called by the name of Orlop,* 1.39 and yet they are all but Decks; also the halfe Decke and quarter Decke, whereon the beames, and timbers beare are called risings. A Flush Decke is when from stem to sterne, it lies vpon a right line fore and aft which is the best for a man of Warre, both for the men to helpe and succour one another, as for the vsing of their armes, or remounting any dismounted peece, because all the Ports on that Decke are on equall height, which can∣not be without beds and much trouble,* 1.40 where the Decke doth camber or lie compassing. To sinke a Decke is to lay it lower, to raise a Decke to put it higher, but haue a care you so cut your Port holes, one peece lie not right ouer a∣nother for the better bringing them to your marke.

The halfe Decke is from the maine mast to the steareage, & the quarter Decke from that to the Masters Cabin called the round house, w^ch is the vtmost of all, but you must vn∣derstand all those workes are brought vp together, as neere equally as may bee from bend to bend,* 1.41 or waile to waile, which are the outmost timbers on the ship sides, and are the chiefe strength of her sides, to which the foot-hookes, beames,* 1.42 & knees, are bolted, and are called the first, second, and third Bend; but the chaine waile is a broad timber set out amongst them, a little aboue where the chaines and shrouds are fastened together to spread the shrouds the wider the better to succour the masts. Thus the sides and Deckes are wrought till you come at the Gunwaile,* 1.43 which is the vpmost waile goeth about the vpmost strake or or seame of the vpmost Decke about the ships waste, and

the ships quarter is from the maine mast aftward.* 1.44

Culuertailed is letting one timber into another in such sort that they cannot slip out, as the Carling ends are fixed in the beames, and Carlings are certaine timbers lieth along the ship from beame to beame, on those the led∣ges doerest whereunto the plankes of the Deckes are faste∣ned.* 1.45 The Carling knees are also timbers comes thwart the ship from the sides of the Hatches way, betwixt the two masts, and beares vp the Decke on both sides, and on their ends lieth the commings of the hatches,* 1.46 which are those timbers and plankes which beares them vp higher than the Deckes, to keepe the water from running downe at the hat∣ches; also they fit Loopholes in them for the close fights,* 1.47 and they are likewise a great ease for men to stand vpright if the Deckes below.* 1.48 The Hatches way is when they are open where the goods are lowered that way right downe into the howle, and the hatches are like trap doores in the middest of the Deckes, before the maine mast, by certaine rings, to take vp or lay downe at your pleasure.

A scuttle-hatch is a little hatch doth couer a little square hole we call the Scuttle,* 1.49 where but one man alone can goe downe into the ship, there are in diuers places of the ship whereby men passe from Decke to Decke, and there is also small Scuttles grated, to giue light to them betwixt Deckes, and for the smoke of Ordnances to passe away by. The Ramshead is a great blocke wherein is three shiuers into which are passed the halyards,* 1.50 and at the end of it in a hole is reued the ties, and this is onely belonging to the fore and and maine halyards; to this belong the fore Knight,* 1.51 and the maine Knight,* 1.52 vpon the second Decke fast bolted to the Beames. They are two short thicke peeces of wood, commonly carued with the head of a man vpon them, in those are foure shiuers apeece, three for the halyards and one for the top rope to run in, and Kneuels are small pieces of wood nailed to the inside of the ship,* 1.53 to belay the sheats and rackes vnto.* 1.54

The Capstaine is a great peece of wood stands vpright

vpon the Decke, abaft the maine mast, the foot standing in a step vpon the lower decke, and is in the nature of a win∣dis, to winde, or weigh vp the anchors, sailes, top masts, ordnances, or any thing it is framed in diuers squares, with holes thorow them,* 1.55 thorow which you put your Capstaine barres, for as many men as can stand at them to thrust it a∣bout, and is called manning the Capstaine. The maine body of it is called the Spindle.* 1.56 The Whelps are short peeces of wood made fast to it, to keepe the Cable from comming too high in the turning about;* 1.57 The Paul is a short piece of iron made fast to the Deck, resting vpon the whelps to keepe the Capstaine from recoiling which is dangerous, but in great ships they haue two, the other standing in the same manner betwixt the fore mast and the maine, to heaue vpon the Ieare rope,* 1.58 and is called the Ieare Capstaine, to straine any rope, or hold off by, when we way Anchor, to heaue a head, or vpon the violl, which is when an Anchor is in stiffe ground wee cannot weigh it, or the Sea goeth so high the maine Capstaine cannot purchase in the Cable, then we take a Hawser opening one end, and so puts into it Nippers some seuen or eight sadome distant from each other wherewith wee binde the Hawser to the Cable, and so brings it to the Ieare Capstaine to heaue vpon it, and this will purchase more than the maine Capstaine can.* 1.59 The violl is fastened together at both ends with an eye or two, with a wall knot and seased together.* 1.60 A windas is a square peece of timber, like a Role before the fore Castle in small ships, and forced about with handspikes for the same vse as is the Capstaine.

* 1.61What are the parts of a pumpe you may see in euery place,* 1.62 the handle we call the brake, the pumpes can, is a great can we power water into pumps to make it pumpe.* 1.63 The daile is a trough wherein the water doth runne ouer the Deckes;* 1.64 But in great ships they vse chained pumps which will goe with more ease, and deliuer more water.* 1.65 The Dutch men vse a Burre pumpe by the ship side, wherein is onely a long staffe with a Burre at the end, like a Gunners spunge, to pumpe vp the Billage water that by rea∣son

of the bredth of the ships floore cannot come to the well: In pumping they vse to take spels, that is, fresh men to releeue them, and count how many strokes they pumpe each watch, whereby they know if the ship be stanch, or thite, or how her leakes increase. The Pumpe sucks,* 1.66 is when the wa∣ter being out, it drawes vp nothing but froth and winde. They haue also a little Pumpe made of a Cane, a little peece of hollow wood or Latten like an Elder gun,* 1.67 to pumpe the Beere or Water out of the Caske, for at Sea wee vse no Taps, and then staue the Caske to make more roome, and packeth the Pipe-staues or boords vp as close as may be in other Caske till they vse them.

The Skuppers are little holes close to all the Decks tho∣row the Ships sides,* 1.68 whereat the water doth runne out when you pumpe or wash the Decks;* 1.69 the Skupper-leathers are nailed ouer those holes vpon the lower Decke to keepe out the Sea from comming in, yet giue they way for it to runne out:* 1.70 Skupper nailes are little short ones with broad heads, made purposely to naile the Skupper-leathers,* 1.71 and the cotes of Masts and Pumps. The Waist is that part of the Ship betwixt the maine Mast and the fore-castle, and the Waist boords are set vp in the Ships waist,* 1.72 betwixt the Gun-waile and the waist trees,* 1.73 but they are most vsed in Boats, set vp alongst their sides to keepe the Sea from breaking in.

There are vsually three Ladders in a Ship;* 1.74 the entering Ladder is in the Waist, made formally of wood, and ano∣ther out of the Gallery made of Ropes to goe into the boat by in foule weather,* 1.75 and the third at the Beak-head, made fast ouer the Boulspret to get vpon it,* 1.76 onely vsed in great Ships.

It were not amisse now to remember the Fore-castle,* 1.77 being as vsefull a place as the rest, this is the forepart of the Ship aboue the Decks ouer the Bow;* 1.78 there is a broad Bow & a narrow Bow, so called according to the broadnes or the thinnesse: the Bow is the broadest part of the Ship before, compassing the Stem to the Loufe,* 1.79 which reacheth so farre

as the Bulk-head of the Fore-castle extendeth. Against the Bow is the first breach of the Sea, if the Bow be too broad, she will seldome carry a Bone in her mouth or cut a feather,* 1.80 that is, to make a fome before her: where a well bowed Ship so swiftly presseth the water, as that it foameth, and in the darke night sparkleth like fire. If the Bow bee too narrow, as before is said, she pitcheth her head into the Sea, so that the meane is the best if her after way be answerable. The Hauses are those great round holes before,* 1.81 vnder the Beak-head, where commonly is vsed the Cables when you come to an Anchor, the bold or high Hause is the best, for when they lie low in any great sea, they will take in very much water, the which to keepe out, they build a circle of planke either abaft or before the maine Mast called the Manger:* 1.82 and a Hause-plug at Sea, now the Fore-castle doth couer all those being built vp like a halfe decke, to which is fixed the Beake-head,* 1.83 and the Prow is the Decke abaft the Fore-castle, whereon lyeth the Prow peeces.

* 1.84The Beak-head is without the ship before the fore Ca∣stle, supported by the maine knee, fastened into the stem, all painted and carued as the sterne, and of great vse, as well for the grace and countenance of the ship, as a place for men to ease themselues in. To it is fastened the coller of the maine stay, and the fore tacks there brought aboord; also the standing for rigging and trimming the spretesaile geare,* 1.85 vnder the midest of it is the Combe, which is a little peece of wood with two holes in it to bring the fore tacks aboord.* 1.86 The Bits are two great peeces of timber, and the Crospeece goeth thorow them,* 1.87 they are ordinarily placed abaft the Manger in the ships loose, to belay the Cable thereto when you ride at Anchor: Their lower parts are fastened to the Riders, but the middle part in great ships are bolted to two great beames crosse to the Bowes, and yet in extraordinary stormes we are glad to make fast the Cable to the maine M••st for strengthning of the Bits and safety of the Bowes, which haue in great stormes beene torne from the ships.* 1.88 The Dauid is a short peece of timber, at the end

whereof in a notch they hang a blocke in a strap called the Fish-block,* 1.89 by which they hale vp the flook of the Anchor to the Ships bow,* 1.90 it is put out betwixt the Cat and the Loufe, and to be remoued when you please. The Cat is also a short peece of timber aloft right ouer the Hawse; in the end it hath two shiuers in a bloc••e, wherein is reeued a Rope, to which is fastned a great hooke of Iron, to trice vp the Anchor from the Hawse to the top of the fore-castle.

A Bulks head is like a seeling or a wall of boords thwart the Ship, as the Gunroome, the great Cabin, the bread roome,* 1.91 the quarter Decke, or any other such diuision: but them which doth make close the fore-castle, and the halfe Decke, the Mariners call the Cubbridge heads,* 1.92 wherein are placed murtherers, and abaft Falcons, Falconets, or Rabinits to cleare the Decks fore and aft so well as vpon the ships sides, to defend the ship and offend an enemy.* 1.93 Sockets are the holes wherein the pintels of the murderers or fowlers goe into. The hollow arching betwixt the lower part of the Gallery and the Transome, is called the lower Counter;* 1.94 the vpper Counter is from the Gallery to the arch of the round house,* 1.95 and the Brackets are little carued knees to support the Galleries.

The Stearage roome, is before the great Cabin,* 1.96 where he that steareth the Ship doth alwaies stand, before him is a square box nailed together with woodden pinnes, called a Bittacle, because iron nailes would attract the Compasse;* 1.97 this is built so close,* 1.98 that the Lampe or Candle only shew∣eth light to the stearage, and in it alwaies stands the Com∣passe, which euery one knowes is a round box, and in the midst of the bottome a sharpe pin called a Center whereon the Fly doth play, which is a round peece of pace-boord, with a small wyer vnder it touched with the Load-stone, in the midst of it is a little brasse Cap that doth keepe it leuell vpon the Center. On the vpper part is painted 32. points of the Compasse couered with glasse to keepe it from dust, breaking, or the wind; this Box doth hang in two or three

brasse circles, so fixed they giue such way to the mouing of the Ship that still the Box will stand steady: there is also a darke Compasse,* 1.99 and a Compasse for the variation, yet they are but as the other, onely the darke Compasse hath the points blacke and white, and the other onely touched for the true North and South. Vpon the Bittacle is also the Trauas,* 1.100 which is a little round boord full of holes vpon lines like the Compasse, vpon which by the remouing of a little sticke they keepe an account, how many glasses (which are but halfe houres) they steare vpon euery point. The Whip-staffe is that peece of wood like a strong staffe the Stearsman or Helmesman hath alwaies in his hand,* 1.101 go∣ing thorow the Rowle,* 1.102 and then made fast to the Tiller with a Ring.

* 1.103The Tiller is a strong peece of wood made fast to the Rudder,* 1.104 which is a great timber somewhat like a Planke, made according to the burthen of the ship, and hung at the sterne vpon hookes and hinges,* 1.105 they call Pintels and Gudgions, or Rudder-irons. The Tiller playeth in the Gun-roome ouer the Ordnances by the Whip-staffe; whereby the Rudder is so turned to and fro as the Helmesman plea∣seth, and the Cat holes are ouer the Ports,* 1.106 right with the Capstaine as they can, to heaue the Ship a sterne by a Cable or a Hauser called a sterne-fast. On each side the Stearage roome are diuers Cabins, as also in the great Cabin, the quarter Decke, and the round house, with many conue∣nient seates or Lockers to put any thing in,* 1.107 as in little Cupberts.

* 1.108The Bread-roome is commonly vnder the Gun-roome, well dried or plated. The Cook-roome where they dresse their victuall may bee placed in diuers places of the Ship,* 1.109 as sometimes in the Hould, but that oft spoileth the victu∣all by reason of the heat, but commonly in Merchantmen it is in the Fore-castle, especially being contriued in For∣naces; besides in a chase their Sterne is that part of the ship they most vse in fight, but in a man of warre they fight most with their Prow, and it is very troublesome to the vse

of his Ordnance, and very dangerous lying ouer the Pow∣der-roome, some doe place it ouer the Hatches way, but that as the Stewards roome are euer to be contriued according to the Ships imploiment, &c.* 1.110 Calking is beating Okum into euery seame or betwixt planke and planke,* 1.111 and Okum is old Ropes torne in peeces like Towze Match, or Hurds of Flax, which being close beat into euery seame with a calking Iron and a Maller,* 1.112 which is a hammer of wood and an iron chissell,* 1.113 being well payed ouer with hot pitch, doth make her more thight than it is possible; by ioy∣ning Planke to Planke. Grauing is onely vnder water,* 1.114 a white mix ure of Tallow, Sope and Brimstone; or Train∣oile, Rosin, and Brimstone boiled together, is the best to preserue her calking and make her glib or slippery to passe the water; and when it is decayed by weeds, or Barnacles,* 1.115 which is a kinde of fish like a long red worme, will eat tho∣row all the Plankes if she be not sheathed, which is as casing the Hull vnder water with Tar, and Haire, close couered ouer with thin boords fast nailed to the Hull, which though the Worme pierce,* 1.116 shee cannot endure the Tar. Breaming her, is but washing or burning of all the filth with reeds or broome, either in a dry dock or vpon her Careene, which is,* 1.117 to make her so light as you may bring her to lye on the one side so much as may be in the calmest water you can, but take head you ouerset her not; and this is the best way to Breame Ships of great burthen, or ••liose haue but 4. sharpe Flores for feare of brusing or ouersetting.* 1.118 Parsling is most vsed vpon the Decks and halfe Decks; which is, to take a list of Canuas so long as the seame is you would parsell, being first well calked, then powre hot pitch vpon it, and it will keepe out the water from passing the seames. There remaines nothing now as I can remember to the building the Hull of a Ship, nor the definition of her most proper tearmes, but onely s••eling the Cabins and such other parts as you please, and to bind an end with all things fitting for the Sea, as you may reade in the Couenants betwixt the Car∣penter and the Owner, which are thus.

* 1.119If you would haue a Ship built of 400. Tuns, she requires a planke of 4. inches: if 300. Tuns, 3. inches: small Ships 2. inches, but none lesse. For clamps, middle bands and slee∣pers, they be all of six inch planke for binding within. The rest for the sparring vp of the workes of square three inch planke. Lay the beames of the Orlope, if she be 400. Tuns at ten foot deepe in howle, and all the beames to be bound with two knees at each end, and a stardard knee at euery beames end vpon the Orlope, all the Orlope to be laid with square three inch planke, and all the plankes to be treenai∣led to the beames.

Six foot would be betweene the beames of the Deck and Orlope, and ten ports on each side vpon the lower Orlope, all the binding betweene them should bee with three inch or two inch planke, and the vpper Decke should bee laid with so many beames as are fitting with knees to bind them; laying that Decke with spruce Deale of thirty foot long, the sap cut off, and two inches thicke, for it is better than any other.

Then for the Captaines Cabben or great Cabben, the Stearage, the halfe Decke, the Round house, the Fore-castle, and to binde an end with the Capsterne and all things fit∣ting for the Sea, the Smiths worke, the caruing, ioyning, and painting excepted, are the principall things I remem∣ber to be obserued, for a Charter-party betwixt the Mer∣chant, the Master, and the Owner, you haue Presidents of all sorts in most Scriueners shops.

Notes

• * 1.1

  The Keele.
• * 1.2

  The Stem.
• * 1.3

  The Sterne.
• * 1.4

  The fashion pee∣ces.
• * 1.5

  The Rungs.
• * 1.6

  The Limberholes
• * 1.7

  The Floore.
• * 1.8

  Rungheads.
• * 1.9

  Sweepe. Mould. Skarfing.
• * 1.10

  Foot-hookes. Keeleson.
• * 1.11

  Howle. Ribs. Sleepers.
• * 1.12

  Spurkits.
• * 1.13

  The Garbord. Garbord strake. Rising timbers.
• * 1.14

  The Run.
• * 1.15

  Plankes.
• * 1.16

  Butt-ends.
• * 1.17

  Treenailes. Tiunnions.
• * 1.18

  Whoodings.
• * 1.19

  The Tucke.
• * 1.20

  Transome.
• * 1.21

  Buttocks.
• * 1.22

  Rake. The Hull.
• * 1.23

  Bluffe. Bluffeheaded. Billage.
• * 1.24

  Plankes.
• * 1.25

  Beames. Orlop.
• * 1.26

  Riders.
• * 1.27

  Knees.
• * 1.28

  Ports.
• * 1.29

  Beds.
• * 1.30

  Ringbolts.
• * 1.31

  Set bolts.
• * 1.32

  Clinch bolts.
• * 1.33

  Rag bolts.
• * 1.34

  Fore locke bolts.
• * 1.35

  Fend bolts.
• * 1.36

  Driue bolts.
• * 1.37

  She was built of Cedar.
• * 1.38

  Clamps.
• * 1.39

  Decks. A halfe Decke. A quarter Decke. A Flush Decke.
• * 1.40

  A cambered Decke. To sinke a Deck. To raise a Deck.
• * 1.41

  Bend, or waile.
• * 1.42

  Chaine waile.
• * 1.43

  Gun waile.
• * 1.44

  The ships quar∣ters. Culuertailed. Carlings.
• * 1.45

  Carling knees.
• * 1.46

  Commings.
• * 1.47

  Loopholes.
• * 1.48

  Hatches way.
• * 1.49

  A Scuttle.
• * 1.50

  Ramshead.
• * 1.51

  The fore Knight.
• * 1.52

  The main Knight
• * 1.53

  Kneuels.
• * 1.54

  Capstaine.
• * 1.55

  Capstaine bars.
• * 1.56

  The Spindle. Whelps.
• * 1.57

  Paul.
• * 1.58

  Ieare Capstaine.
• * 1.59

  The violl.
• * 1.60

  A windas.
• * 1.61

  The Pumpe.
• * 1.62

  The Brake.
• * 1.63

  The Can. The Daile.
• * 1.64

  Chained Pumps.
• * 1.65

  A Bur Pump.
• * 1.66

  The Pumpe sucks
• * 1.67

  A beare Pumpe.
• * 1.68

  The Skuppers.
• * 1.69

  Skupper-lea∣thers.
• * 1.70

  Skupper-nailes.
• * 1.71

  The Waist.
• * 1.72

  Waist boords.
• * 1.73

  Waist trees.
• * 1.74

  The entering Ladder.
• * 1.75

  Gallery Ladder.
• * 1.76

  Boultspret Lad∣der.
• * 1.77

  The Fore-castle.
• * 1.78

  Bow.
• * 1.79

  Loufe.
• * 1.80

  Cut a feather.
• * 1.81

  Hauses.
• * 1.82

  Manger.
• * 1.83

  Prow.
• * 1.84

  The Beak-head.
• * 1.85

  Combe.
• * 1.86

  Bits.
• * 1.87

  Crospeece.
• * 1.88

  Dauid.
• * 1.89

  Fish-block.
• * 1.90

  Cat.
• * 1.91

  A Bulkes head.
• * 1.92

  Cubbridge head.
• * 1.93

  Sockets.
• * 1.94

  Low Counter. Vpper Counter.
• * 1.95

  Brackets.
• * 1.96

  The Stearage. Great Cabin.
• * 1.97

  Bittacle.
• * 1.98

  The Compasse.
• * 1.99

  A darke Com∣passe. A Compasse for Variation.
• * 1.100

  The Trauas.
• * 1.101

  The Whip-staffe
• * 1.102

  The Rowle.
• * 1.103

  The Tiller.
• * 1.104

  Rudder.
• * 1.105

  Pintels. Gudgions or Rudder-Irons. The Gun-roome.
• * 1.106

  Catholes.
• * 1.107

  Lockers.
• * 1.108

  The bread-roome.
• * 1.109

  Cooke-roome.
• * 1.110

  Calking.
• * 1.111

  Okum.
• * 1.112

  Calking-Iron.
• * 1.113

  Paying.
• * 1.114

  Grauing.
• * 1.115

  Barnacles, or Wormes.
• * 1.116

  Brooming or Breaming.
• * 1.117

  Careene.
• * 1.118

  Parsling.
• * 1.119

  Notes for a Co∣uenant betweene the Carpenter and the Owner.