The workes of Lucius Annæus Seneca, both morrall and naturall Containing, 1. His bookes of benefites. 2. His epistles. 3. His booke of prouidence. 4. Three bookes of anger. 5. Two bookes of clemencie. 6. His booke of a blessed life. 7. His booke of the tranquilitie of the minde. 8. His booke of the constancie of a wiseman. 9. His booke of the shortnesse of life. 10. Two bookes of consolation to Martia. 11. Three bookes of consolation to Heluia. 12. His booke of consolation to Polibius. 13. His seuen bookes of naturall questions. Translated by Tho. Lodge, D. in Physicke.

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Title
The workes of Lucius Annæus Seneca, both morrall and naturall Containing, 1. His bookes of benefites. 2. His epistles. 3. His booke of prouidence. 4. Three bookes of anger. 5. Two bookes of clemencie. 6. His booke of a blessed life. 7. His booke of the tranquilitie of the minde. 8. His booke of the constancie of a wiseman. 9. His booke of the shortnesse of life. 10. Two bookes of consolation to Martia. 11. Three bookes of consolation to Heluia. 12. His booke of consolation to Polibius. 13. His seuen bookes of naturall questions. Translated by Tho. Lodge, D. in Physicke.
Author
Seneca, Lucius Annaeus, ca. 4 B.C.-65 A.D.
Publication
London :: Printed by William Stansby,
1614.
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"The workes of Lucius Annæus Seneca, both morrall and naturall Containing, 1. His bookes of benefites. 2. His epistles. 3. His booke of prouidence. 4. Three bookes of anger. 5. Two bookes of clemencie. 6. His booke of a blessed life. 7. His booke of the tranquilitie of the minde. 8. His booke of the constancie of a wiseman. 9. His booke of the shortnesse of life. 10. Two bookes of consolation to Martia. 11. Three bookes of consolation to Heluia. 12. His booke of consolation to Polibius. 13. His seuen bookes of naturall questions. Translated by Tho. Lodge, D. in Physicke." In the digital collection Early English Books Online. https://name.umdl.umich.edu/A11899.0001.001. University of Michigan Library Digital Collections. Accessed June 10, 2024.

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CHAP. I.

IT hath beene heard by vs (my Lucillius the best of men) that Pompeias a renowned Citie in Campania,* 1.1 hauing on the one side the Surrentini∣an and Sabiane shores, on the other side the Her∣culan, and which the Sea begiteth with a plea∣sant gulfe, made as it were artificially, was shaken by an earthquake, not without the preiudice of those countries that bordered vpon the same: and that the same happened in Winter time, which as our auncestors assure vs, is exempt from such danger. This earthquake happened the fift day of February, when Regulus and Virginius were Consuls, which brought a marueylous ruine into Campania, which had beene neuer well assured from that danger: yet had it not before that time encountred with any such misfor∣tune, and in great feares had beene oftentimes preserued; for a part of the Ci∣tie of Hercule is falne to the ground, and that which as yet standeth, is not well assured.* 1.2 The Colonie of the Nucernis also, as it hath not suffered some generall destruction, so is it not without complaint. Naples likewise hath priuately lost much, but publiquely nothing, being lightly touched with a great euill. As touching some scattered Farmes, they haue beene almost all of them shaken, but not offended by this earthquake. They adde hereunto, that sixe hundreth flockes of sheepe were strooken dead, and that statues haue beene riuen in sun∣der, and moreouer, that some persons lost their wits, and ranne about the streets

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like mad men. The processe of this enterprised worke, and the circumstance of the season require vs to examine the causes of these accidents. We ought to seeke out comfort for those that are dismayed, and extinguish mighty feare. For what security can a man promise himselfe if the world it selfe be shaken, and the most solid parts thereof quake, if that which is wholly immoueable and setled,* 1.3 to the end it may sustaine all other things on it bee shattered heere and there? If the earth looseth that which she hath propper in her, which is to be firme; whereupon may we assure our dismay and feare? What retreat shal there be for our bodies? Whether shall they retire in danger, if feare issueth and be drawne from the bottom of the earth? All men are amazed with feare hea∣ring the houses cracke, and the ruine hath giuen a signe; then euery one flyeth headlong from the place, and forsaketh his home and houshold-goods, and set∣leth himselfe in the open fields. What retreate discouer we? What succour appeareth if the world it selfe fall into ruine? If she that keepeth and sustaineth vs, whereon our Cities are builded, which some haue said to be the foundation of the world sinketh and trembleth?* 1.4 What support, or rather what solace may a man hope for, when as feare i selfe hath lost the meanes of flight? Is there a∣ny assured retreat or firme safegard, say I, eyther for a mans selfe or another? I may repulse mine enemy from the breach; high Rampiers and Bulwarkes will stay great armies from approaching very easily. The heauens preserue vs from shipwracke: the corners of our houses resist the violence of raging raines, and dfence vs from the continuall fall of showers: the fire followeth not those that flie it: the houses vnder ground, and deepe digged caues serue for a shelter against thunders and the threatnings of heauen. The lightning penetrateth not the earth, but is repulsed by a little obiect of the same. In the plague time a man may change his habitation. There is no euill but may be auoyded. Neuer did lightnings burne vp whole Nations. The pestilent ayre hath desolated Cities, but not destroyed them: this euill extendeth it selfe euery way, and is vnauoydably greedie, and publiquely harmefull. For it not onely deuoureth houses, or families, or priuate Cities, but ouerturneth whole Nations and Regi∣ons, and sometime couereth them in her ruines, sometimes hideth them in a bottomlesse gulfe of confusion. Neyther leaueth it so much whereby it may appeare that that was at leastwise, which now is not. But the earth extendeth it selfe aboue noble Cities, without any appearance of the former condition: neyther want there some men that feare this kinde of death, more then any o∣ther, whereby both they and their houses are swallowed vp, and are carried a∣way aliue from the number of the liuing, as if all sorts of death conducted vs not to one and the same end.* 1.5 Amongst all other rites that nature pretendeth in iustice, this is the principall, that drawing neere vnto death we are all equall. There is no difference therfore whether a stone crush me, or a whole mountain smother me, whether the burthen of one house fall vpon me, or I breath my last vnder a little heape of the dust thereof, or whether the whole earth hide my head; if I die by day and before all men, or if some obscure and vast yawning of the earth couer me, if I fall alone into such a bottomlesse pit, or if many Nations keepe me companie. What care I if they make a great noyse about me when I shall depart? The death is alwayes death in what part soeuer I meete it. Let vs therefore fortifie our courages againt this ruine, which neyther can be auoy∣ded nor preuented. Let vs listen no more to those men, who haue renounced Campania, and who after this accident haue forsaken the countrie, and vow that they will neuer visit that Region againe; for who will promise them that

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this or that ground shall stand vpon better foundations. All places of the earth are of the same stu••••e, and if as yet they are not moued, yet are they moueable: happily this night, or the day before this night shall deuide this place likewise, wherein thou liuest more securely. Whence wilt thou know that the conditi∣on of these places is better, on which fortune hath alreadie spent all her forces, and are assured for euer by the ruine which they haue suffered. We deceiue our selues if we thinke that there is any part of the earth exempt from this dan∣ger. All of them are subiect to the same law. Nature hath made nothing, which is not exposed to change: this thing faileth at one time, and that at ano∣ther. And euen as in great Cities, now this house, now that is suspended; so in this world,* 1.6 now one Region is shaken, straight another. Tyre in times past was defaced by ruines. Asia lost twelue Cities at once. The last yeare Achaia and Macedon haue beene endamaged with this euill (whatsoeuer it be) that hath now afflicted Campania. Fate maketh his circuit; and if for a time he forget some things, at last he reuisiteth them. He afflicteth some more rarely, and o∣thers more often, but leaueth nothing exempt and free from euill: he muste∣reth not vs onely that are men that haue but a little handfull of life, but Cities also, extents of countries, shores, and the Sea it selfe. Meane while we make our selues beleeue that these corruptible things are eternall, and beleeue that our good hap which we enioy, and which passeth away more lightly then the wind, shal haue some waight or stay in this or that. And they that promise themselues that all things shal be perpetuall vnto them, cannot remember that the earth it selfe, on which we treade, is neyther firme nor stable: for this accident is hot onely incident to Campania and Achaia, but to euery ground, to be brittle, and to be resolued vpon diuers causes, and to be ruinated in part although the whole remaine.

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