Annotations upon the five bookes of Moses, the booke of the Psalmes, and the Song of Songs, or, Canticles VVherein the Hebrevv vvords and sentences, are compared with, and explained by the ancient Greeke and Chaldee versions, and other records and monuments of the Hebrewes: but chiefly by conference with the holy Scriptures, Moses his words, lawes and ordinances, the sacrifices, and other legall ceremonies heretofore commanded by God to the Church of Israel, are explained. With an advertisement touching some objections made against the sinceritie of the Hebrew text, and allegation of the Rabbines in these annotations. As also tables directing unto such principall things as are observed in the annotations upon each severall booke. By Henry Ainsworth.

PSAL. LX.

David complaining to God of former afflictions, now upon better hope prayeth for deliverance. 8 Com∣forting himselfe in Gods promises, hee craveth that helpe wherein he trusteth.

To the Master of the Musicke, upon Shu∣shan [unspec 1] eduth, Michtam of David, for to teach.

When he fought with Aram of Mesopo∣tamia, [unspec 2] and with Aram of Zobah: and Ioab turned, & smote Aedom in the valley of salt, twelve thousand.

O God, thou didst cast us away, thou didst break us, thou wast angry; turn [unspec 3] againe unto us. Thou didst make the land to quake, didst rive it; heale thou [unspec 4] the breaches thereof, for it is moved. Thou didst shew thy people a hard thing; thou did∣dest [unspec 5] give us to drinke the wine of astonishing horrour. Thou hast given to them that [unspec 6] feare thee, a banner to be high displayed, be∣cause of the certaine truth Selah. That thy beloved may be delivered; save thou with [unspec 7] thy right hand, and answer me. God spake [unspec 8] by his holinesse, I will be glad: I shall divide Shechem, and measure the valley of Suc∣coth. Gilead shall be mine, and Manasseh [unspec 9] mine, and Ephraim the strength of mine head; Iehudah shall be my law-giver. Moab [unspec 10] my washing pot: over Aedom I shall cast my shooe: Palestina shout thou over me. Who [unspec 11] will lead me along to the citie of strong de∣fence, who will lead me unto Aedom? Is it [unspec 12] not thou, O God, that hadst cast us away, and wouldest not goe forth, O God, in our hosts? O give thou us helpe from distresse, [unspec 13] for vaine falshood is the salvation of earthly man. Through God we shall doe valiant∣nesse, [unspec 14] and he will tread down our distressers.

Annotations.

SHushan] that is, the six-stringed instrument, (or [unspec 1] Lily.) See Psal. 45. 1. eduth] that is, the testimony; which here either belongeth to the mu∣sick now unknowne to us, or meaneth the Psalme to be a testimony of Davids faith & thankfulnesse; or to be sung by the Priests before the Ark of God in the Sanctuary; which Arke and Tables of the co∣venant in it, was called the Testimony, Exod. 40. 5, 20. Michtam] a golden song: See Psal. 16. 1.

Vers. 2. Aram] that is, the Aramites, or Syri∣ans; [unspec 2] the posterity of Aram, the sonne of Shem, the sonne of Noah, Gen. 10. 22. Mesopotamia] a country so commonly called of the Greeke, Act. 7. 2. in Hebrew Naharajim, that is, of (or between) the two rivers, meaning Tygris and Euphrates, be∣tweene which this land lay. So the Chaldee ex∣poundeth it, Aram which is by Euphrates. Zobah] a country neare the other, called of Greeke Writers Syria Saphena. Aedom in the valley of salt] that is, the Aedomites, or Idumeans in the salt valley, a place in that countrey, whereof mention is also made, 2 King. 14. 7. twelve thousand] in the history, 2 Sam. 8. 13. this victory is ascribed to David, in 1 Chron. 18. 12. it is ascribed to Abi∣shai, Ioabs brother, and there also the number is eighteene thousand. It seemeth that Captaine A∣bishai first set on them, and slew 6000. after him followed Ioab, and slew 12000 moe, here mentio∣ned. And to David is this victory attributed, be∣cause he was King.

Vers. 3. cast us away] This complaint seemeth [unspec 3] to have reference unto that miserable state wherein Israel was, 1 Sam. 13. 19, &c. and 31. 7. turne] The Chaldee addeth, turne thy glory to us.

Vers. 4. the land quake] that is, change the state [unspec 4] thereof; as Hag. 2. 7. compared with Hebr. 12. 26, 27, 28. also Ezek. 31. 16. This land, the Chaldee expoundeth the land of Israel. rive it] as at earthquakes rifis and chinkes appeare. This word is not else-whereused in Scripture. heale] that is, repaire: See the like phrase, 2 Chron. 7. 14.

Vers. 5. astonishing horrour] or reeling, giddi∣nesse: [unspec 5] meaning, they were drunken with afflicti∣ons, which caused horrour, as drunkennesse with wine causeth giddinesse. This word is also used, Esay 51. 17, 20, 21, 22.

Vers. 6. a banner] or ensigne. This word is ap∣plied [unspec 6]

to the flagge or ensigne of the Gospell, Esay 11. 12. and 49. 22. and 62. 10. here, to David and his victory. to be high displayed] or, to use for a banner, which hath the name of lifting high. the certaine truth] of thy promises.

Vers. 7. answer me] or us, me and my people. The Hebrew hath both readings. The Chaldee [unspec 7] explaineth it, Receive my prayer.

Vers. 8. shall divide] this meaneth a full posses∣sion after conquest, Ios. 1. 6. and 13. 7. She∣chem] [unspec 8] a citie in the tribe of Ephraim, not far from Samaria, Gen. 33. 18. Ios. 20. 7. Succoth] a ci∣tie in the tribe of Gad, beyond the river Iarden, Ios. 13. 27.

Vers. 9. Gilead] and Manasseh: These were the utmost borders of the land of Canaan without [unspec 9] Iarden: which howsoever for a time they resisted David, and clave to Ishbosheth Sauls son, 2 Sam. 2. 8, 9. &c. yet were by Gods promise to be subje∣cted unto David. strength of my head] that is, my hornes wherewith I shall smite the people toge∣ther, according to that promised blessing, Deut. 33. 17. or by head, may be meant headship, kingdom or principalitie. law-giver] or statute-maker, a title of authoritie; therefore the Greeke transla∣teth here, King. This also accordeth to the promise made to Iudah, Gen. 49. 10. 1 Chron. 5. 2.

Vers. 10. Moab] the land or people of the [unspec 10] Moabites, neare to the land of Israel; these were the posterity of Lot, Abrahams nephew, begotten by Lot in his drunkennesse, of his own daughters, Gen. 19. 33,—36, 37. they had now forsaken the true God, and worshipped Baal-pehor and Che∣mosh, Numb. 25. 1, 3. and 21. 29. were enemies to Israel, Numb. 22. Iudg. 3. 12. and subdued by Da∣vid, 2 Sam. 8. 2. washing pot] that is, used for base services, as a vessell to wash my feet in. over Aedom shall I cast my shooe] that is, I shall walke thorow, possesse, and tread downe the land of Aedom (or Idumea,) whose inhabitants were Aedomites, the posteritie of Aedom, that is, Esau the elder brother of Iakob, who prophanely selling his birth-right for a messe of red pottage, (called in Hebrew Adom,) had his name therefore Aedom, to the perpetuall shame of him and his seed, Gen. 25. 30. and 36. 8 9. Heb 12. 16. as Jakob by faith obtained the glorious name of Israel; see Psal. 14. 7. Palestina shout thou] for this, in Psal. 108. 10. it is said, over Palestina I will shout. So here it see∣meth to be spoken in mockage; intimating, that howsoever the Philistims dominiered and trium∣phed for a while, (as appeareth, Judg. 10. 7. and 13. 1. 1 Sam. 4. 10. and 31. 1.) yet should they by David be subdued; as came to passe, 2 Sam. 8. 1. Therefore the Greeke turneth it, the aliens are sub∣ject to me: the Chaldee thus, concerning the Phili∣stines, shout and be strong, O congregation of Israel. Palestina (called in Hebrew Pelesheth,) was a part of the land of Canaan, westward by the sea, inha∣bited by the Philistims, which came of the Caslu∣hims nephewes of Mizraim the sonne of Cham, the sonne of Noah, Gen. 10. 14. These with the Caphtorims, first inhabited Caphtor, & from thence came to Palestina, Amos 9. 7. where they drove out the Avims, (the ancient inhabitants of the land) and dwelt in their stead, Deut. 2. 23. And this seemeth to be the reason why usually the Phi∣listims are called in Greeke Allophyloi, Aliens, (of another tribe or nation;) because they were not the first naturall inhabitants.

Vers. 11. Who will lead] it is a kinde of wish, as [unspec 11] Psal. 14. 7. yet implying also some difficultie, as the next verse here sheweth. of strong defence] that is, defenced or fortified: see Ps. 31. 22. This may be meant generally of all strong cities that resisted Da∣vid; or specially of Rabbah, the chiefe citie of the Ammonites, whereof see 2 Sam. 12. 26, 29, &c.

Vers. 13. from distresse] or from the distresser, [unspec 13] the adversary. for vaine] Hebr. and vaine: but and is often used for because, or for; as 2 Sam. 22. 28. with Psal. 18. 28. so Isa. 64. 5.

Vers. 14. doe valiantnesse] or valour, that is, vali∣ant [unspec 14] acts: according to the prophesie, Num. 24. 19. or make a power, that is, gather an armie, as the phrase is used, 1 Sam. 14. 48. and in Ezek. 28. 4. it is used for gathering of wealth. See the Notes on Psal. 18. 33. will tread downe] in Greeke, will set at nought, or contemne.