Annotations upon the five bookes of Moses, the booke of the Psalmes, and the Song of Songs, or, Canticles VVherein the Hebrevv vvords and sentences, are compared with, and explained by the ancient Greeke and Chaldee versions, and other records and monuments of the Hebrewes: but chiefly by conference with the holy Scriptures, Moses his words, lawes and ordinances, the sacrifices, and other legall ceremonies heretofore commanded by God to the Church of Israel, are explained. With an advertisement touching some objections made against the sinceritie of the Hebrew text, and allegation of the Rabbines in these annotations. As also tables directing unto such principall things as are observed in the annotations upon each severall booke. By Henry Ainsworth.

Annotations.

MIchtam of David:] Davids jewell, or not able [unspec 1] song. Cethem is fine glistering gold, Psal. 45. 10. of that this Michtam may be derived, for a gol∣den jewel: and so note the excellency of this Psalme. The like title is before the 56. 57. 58. 59. and 60. Psalmes. Preserve me O God.] Christ speaketh this Psalme by David his figure, as we are taught in the new Testament, Act. 2. 25, 31. and 13. 35. and here is handled his mediatorship, death, resurrection and ascension. in thee] Chaldee, in thy word.

Vers. 2. Thou hast said] he speaketh this to him-selfe; [unspec 2] Thou ô my soule sayest: so the Chaldee Para∣phrase explaineth it; and the Greeke to make it plai∣ner, translateth, I have said. Or, it may be spoken to the Spouse or Church of Christ. my good not unto thee] understand, extendeth not, or pertaineth not to thee, or is not for thee; which the Greeke expoundeth thus, of my goods thou hast no need. For, if man be just, what giveth he to God: or what

receiveth he at his hand? Iob 35. 7. The Chaldee saith, my good is not given but of thee.

Vers. 3. To the Saints] to wit, my good extendeth, as else-where Christ saith, for their sakes sanctifie I [unspec 3] my selfe, that they also may be sanctified through the truth, Ioh. 17. 19. are in earth] such is the mea∣ning of the Hebrew phrase, in earth they; the rela∣tive being put for the verbe, which sometime the Hebrew it selfe explaineth: as, he not the King of Is∣rael, 1 King. 22. 33. for, it was not the King, 2 Chro. 18. 32. so he overseer, 2 King. 25. 19. for, was over-seer, Ier. 52. 25. and sundrie the like. excellent] or noble, glorious, wonderfull: an honourable title givē to Christiās. See Ps. 8. 2. The Chaldee addeth, excellent in good works. all my delight in them] or, in whom all my pleasure is; Heb. Chephtsibam, that is, my pleasure in them; so in Esay 62. 4. the Church is called Chephtsi-bah, that is, my pleasure in her.

Vers. 4. Their sorrowes shall be multiplied.] This is meant of Idolaters, who hastily endow. that is, of∣fer [unspec 4] sacrifice to another God, and so increase their griefes; which may be understood of afflictions, or of grievous idols: for the Hebrew ghnatsabim, sor∣rowes, is often used for idols, as in Psal. 115. 4. and so the Chaldee Paraphrast taketh it here, saying, the wicked multiply their idols, and after they hasten to offer their gifts. Accordingly the sense may be this, They whose grievous idols are multiplied, they that endow another God; I will not powre out their oblati∣ons, that is, I will not partake with them, or be a mediatour for them. endow another] or hasten to another. A similitude from dowries given in ma∣riages, meaning gifts and oblations hastily brought for divine worship. powred out oblations] or shed-offerings; effusions properly, put by figure of speech for effused or powred out liquour, commonly called Drinke-offerings, which were wont to bee powred out upon the sacrifices, and by Gods law were to be of wine or Shecar, Numb. 15. 5, 7, 10. and 28. 7. but among idolaters were of bloud. The Chaldee giveth this sense, I will not receive with favour their drinke-offerings, nor the bloud of their sacrifices. take up their names] that is, not men∣tion or speake of them, according to the law, Exod. 23. 13. Ios. 23. 7.

Vers. 5. of my part] or, of my partage, that is, of the inheritance parted, shared, and diealt unto me. So [unspec 5] the Greeke turneth it, of mine nheritance. The word is generally used for lands, cities, goods, spoiles, &c. that are shared out. And this here hath reference to the law of the Priests, which had no part among the people, for that the Lord was their part and inheritance, Numb. 18. 20. The Lord is his peoples part, Ier. 10. 16. and 51. 19. and againe, his people are called his part, Deut. 32. 9. my cup] that is, measure and portion of joyes or afflictions, Psal. 23. 5. and 11. 6. my lot] this also is used for an inheritance obtained by lot, Ios. 18. 11. Iudg. 1. 3. The Apostle calleth Christs Church by this name, 1 Pet. 5. 3. The Greeke translateth, thou art he that restorest mine inheritance to me.

Vers. 6. The lines] or Cords, such were used in [unspec 6] measuring of lands or heritages, Psal. 105. 11. and 78. 55. 2 Sam. 8. 2. and figuratively a line is put for the portion measured, Jos. 17. 5, 14. 〈◊〉〈◊〉 is faire for me] or, which is faire unto mee, that is, which pleaseth me well.

Vers. 7. counselled me] given me counsell by his [unspec 7] word and Spirit, touching my sufferings, and the glory that shall follow, 1 Pet. 1. 11. Luke 24. 25, 26. God is wonderfull in counsell, and excellent in worke, Esay 28. 29.

Vers. 8. I have proposed] or equally set: the Greeke [unspec 8] (which the Apostle followeth) saith, I beheld before, Act. 1. 25. he is at my right hand] The word is is supplied, Act. 2. 25. For God to be at the right hand, is powerfully to assist and comfort: as on the contra∣ry, for Satan to be there, is greatly to resist and an∣noy, Psal. 109. 6. Zech. 3. 1. I shall not be mo∣ved] or, that I be not moved, Act. 2. 25.

Vers. 9. my glory] This by the Apostle is applied [unspec 9] to the tongue, Act. 2. 26. which is the instrument wherewith we glorifie God. See Psalm. 30. 13. and 57. 9. Gen. 49. 6. dwell in confidence] or, abide with hope, that is, boldly, safely, and securely; mea∣ning that his flesh (his body) should abide (or rest) in the grave, with sure hope of rising againe from death the third day.

Vers. 10. my soule] The Hebrew Nephesh, and [unspec 10] Greeke Psuchee, which we call soule, hath the name of breathing or respiring, and is therefore sometime used for the breath, Iob 41. 12. it is the vitall spirit that al quick things move by; therfore beasts, birds, fish and creeping things, are called in Scripture, li∣ving soules, Gen. 1. 20. 24. And this soule is sometime called the bloud, Gen. 9. 4. because it is in the bloud of all quick things, Lev. 17. 11. it is often put for the life of creatures; as, keepe his soule, Job 2. 6. that is, spare his life: a righteous man regardeth the soule of his beast, Prov. 12. 10. that is, the life: so to seeke the soule, is to seeke ones life, to take it away, Psal. 54. 5. Mat. 2. 20. It is also many times used for ones selfe; as, Iob justified his soule, that is, himselfe, Iob 32. 2. Take heed to your soules, that is, to your selves, Deut. 4. 15. so Gen. 19. 20. Luke 12. 19. And thus it is put for the person, or whole man; as, give me the soules, that is, the persons, Gen. 14. 21. so an hungrie soule, Psal. 107. 9. a full soule, Prov. 27. 7. a wearie soule, Prov. 25. 25. eight soules, 1 Pet. 3. 20. seven∣tie five soules, Act. 7. 14. and many the like. It is used also for the lust, will or desire, as Psal. 41. 3. Exod. 15. 9. for the affections of the heart, Psal. 25. 1. for the body of man that hath life and sense, Psal. 105. 18. and 35. 13. and finally it is sometime a dead body or corps, Numb. 5. 2. and 9. 10. and 19. 11. 13. though this bee figurative and very un∣proper, for at ones death the soule goeth out, Gen. 35. 18. The word being thus largely used, is to be weighed according to the matter and circumstan∣ces of each text. For this here in the Psalme, com∣pare it with the like in other places, Psalm. 30. 4. and 116. 8. and 89. 49. and 88. 4. and 94. 17. Christ gave his soule for the ransome of the world, and powred it out unto death, Isa. 53. 12. Matth. 20. 28. Ioh. 10. 11, 15, 17. and 15. 13. to hell] or in hell, in deaths estate, or deadly-hed. This word hell properly signifieth deepe, whether it be high or low; and though by custome it is usually taken

for the place of devils and damned wights; yet the word is more large: and as heaven is not only the dwelling place of God and his Saints, but generally all places above us, where the stars, the clouds, the winds, the birds, &c. are, as is shewed, Psal. 8. 9. so hell is all places beneath. Wherefore it may in this large sense serve to expresse the Hebrew word Sheol here used; which Sheol is a deepe place, Iob 11. 8. Prov. 9. 18. and said in Scripture to be beneath, Psal. 86. 13. Deut. 32. 22. Isa. 14. 9. as heaven is a∣bove, and it, with the Greeke word haides, is oppo∣sed to heaven, Psal. 139. 8. Amos 9. 2. Mat. 11. 23. it commeth of Shaal, to crave, aske, or require, be∣cause it requireth all men to come unto it, and is ne∣ver satisfied, Psal. 89. 49. Prov. 30. 15, 16. and 27. 20. It is a place or estate which all men, even the best, come unto; for Iakob made account to go thi∣ther, Gen. 37. 35. and Iob desired to be there, Iob 14. 13. (for he knew it should be his house, Job 17. 13.) and our Lord Christ was there, as this Psalme with Act. 2. 31. sheweth; and Solomon telleth, that all goe thither, Eccles. 9. 10. It is usually joy∣ned with grave, pit, corruption, destruction, and the like words pertaining to death, with which Sheol or haides is joyned as a companion thereof, Rev. 1. 18. and 6 8. Dathan and Abiram, when the earth swal∣lowed them up, are said to goe downe quicke into Sheol, Numb. 16. 30, 32, 33. Ionas in the Whales belly, was in the belly of Sheol, Ion. 2. 3. and other holy men that were delivered from great miseries and perils of death, are said to be delivered from Sheol or hell. Psal. 86. 13. and 30. 4. and 18. 6. and 116. 3. and those that are dead, are gone to Sheol, Ezech. 32. 21. 27. And as death is said figuratively to have gates, Psal. 9. 14. so Sheol, haides, hell, hath gates, Isa. 38. 10. Mat. 16. 18. and a soule, Isa. 5. 14. and a hand, Psal. 49. 16. and 89. 49. and a mouth, Psal. 141. 7. and a sting, which by Christ is done away, 1 Cor. 15. 55. so that as hee was not left to Sheol, but rose from death (from the heart of the earth, Matth. 12. 40.) the third day: so all the Saints shall likewise be delivered from Sheol, or haides, Psal. 49. 16 Hos. 13. 14. and it with death shall be abolished, Rev. 20. 14. So by the Hebrew word Sheol, the Greeke haides, and our English hell, we are to understand the place, estate, or depth of death, deadlihed. See the Annotations on Gen. 37. 35. And these words, thou wilt not leave my soule to hell, teach us Christs resurrection; as if he should say, thou wilt not leave me to the power of death or grave to be consumed, but wilt raise me from the dead, as the words following, and the Apostles ex∣planation doe manifest, Act. 2. 24. 31. and 13. 34, 35. thou wilt not give] not grant, or suffer. An Hebrew phrase often used, as, I gave thee not to touch her, Gen. 20. 6. God gave thee not to hurt me, Gen. 31. 7. he will not give you to goe, Exod. 3. 19. So Psal. 55. 23. and 66. 9. and 118. 18. and many the like. to see corruption] that is, to feele corrup∣tion, or, to corrupt, to rot. As to see death, is to die, Psal. 89. 49. Luke 2. 26. Joh. 8. 51, 52. so, to see evill, Psal. 90. 15. and to see good, Psal. 34. 13. is to feele and enjoy it, and to see the grave, Psal. 49. 10. corruption] the Hebrew Shachath properly signifi∣eth corruption or rottennesse; and is so to be taken here, as the Apostle urgeth the force of the word, Act. 13. 36, 37. David saw corruption, but hee whom God raised up, saw not corruption. Yet often the word is used for a pit or ditch, wherein carkasses doe corrupt. See the note on Psal. 7. 16.

Vers. 11. Thou wilt make me know] or, hast made [unspec 11] me know, (as Act. 2. 28.) that is, givest me expe∣rience of. the way of life] or journey of lives: the way or course to life from death, and to conti∣nue in life eternall; the Apostle saith, wayes of life, Act. 2. 28. And hereby, life in heaven with God is implied; as, to enter into life, Matth. 18. 9. is to enter into the kingdome of God, Mark. 9. 47. before thy face] or, with thy face, that is, in thy pre∣sence I shall have fulnesse of joyes. The Greeke, which the Apostle followeth, Act. 2. 28. saith, Thou wilt fill me with joy, with thy face. The He∣brew eth penei and liphnet, with or before the face, are both one, and sometime put one for another; as 1 King. 12. 6. with 2 Chron. 10. 6. Gods face or presence, as it is our greatest joy in this life, Exod. 33. 14, 15, 16. so shall it be in the next, Psalm. 17. 15. Wherefore the wicked shall then be punished, from his presence, 2 Thess. 1. 9. pleasures] or pleasantnesses, (that is, pleasant joyes) at thy right hand, the place of honour, delights and joyes eter∣nall, Matth. 25. 33, 34, 46.