Annotations upon the five bookes of Moses, the booke of the Psalmes, and the Song of Songs, or, Canticles VVherein the Hebrevv vvords and sentences, are compared with, and explained by the ancient Greeke and Chaldee versions, and other records and monuments of the Hebrewes: but chiefly by conference with the holy Scriptures, Moses his words, lawes and ordinances, the sacrifices, and other legall ceremonies heretofore commanded by God to the Church of Israel, are explained. With an advertisement touching some objections made against the sinceritie of the Hebrew text, and allegation of the Rabbines in these annotations. As also tables directing unto such principall things as are observed in the annotations upon each severall booke. By Henry Ainsworth.

Annotations.

〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Here beginneth the 43 Lecture of the Law, called the journies: see Gen. 6. 9.

THe journies] or the removings, to wit, from [unspec 1] place to place, which was a signe of their unset∣led estate, as not being yet come unto their rest, Deut. 12. 9. Figuring the unstaiednesse of the Church under Moses law otherwise than under the Gospell of Christ, where we which have belee∣ved doe enter into rest, Heb. 4. 3. Of which un∣moveable state it is prophesied, Looke upon Zion the citie of our solemnities: thine eyes shall see Ie∣rusalem a quiet habitation, a Tabernacle that shall not be taken downe, not one of the stakes thereof shall ever be removed, neither shall any of the cords there∣of be broken, Esay 33. 20. The complement here∣of is shewed by the Apostle, saying, that this word, Yet once more, signifieth the removing of those things that are shaken, as of things that are made; that those things which cannot be shaken may remaine: and, that we receive a kingdome which cannot be moved, Hebr. 12. 27, 28. And as here Moses reckoneth fortie two journies from Egypt to the river Iordan, over which Iosua led them into Canaan: so the Apostle (in Matth. 1.) reckoneth 42 generations from Abraham unto Christ, by whom we have entrance into the kingdome of God. with their armies] or, by their armies, being about six hundred thousand men, beside lit∣tle ones, and much mixed people with them, Ex∣od. 12. 37, 38. They are called also the Lords ar∣mies, Exod. 7. 4. and 12. 41. by the hand] under the guidance or conduct. This Asaph mentio∣neth to the praise of God; Thou didst lead thy peo∣ple like a flocke, by the hand of Moses and Aa〈…〉〈…〉 Psal. 77. 21.

Vers. 2. according to their journies] or, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 their journies (or removings) as the Greeke trans∣lateth, and their journies (or stations.) the

mo••th] that is, the word, or commandement of Ieho∣〈◊〉〈◊〉. This may be understood either of his com∣mandement to write these journies here, or of their journyings; as it is said, At the mouth of Ie∣hovah the sonnes of Israel journied, and at the mouth of Iehovah they encamped, Num. 9. 18. 20.

Vers. 3. from Rameses] a citie in the land of E∣gypt, Gen. 47. 11. See also Exod. 12. 37. the first [unspec 3] moneth] called Abib, and Nisan, Exod. 13. 4. Ne∣hem. 2. 1. answering to that which we call March. Why it was the first moneth, is shewed on Exod. 12. 2. the Passe-over] whereof see Exod. 12. with an high hand] in Chaldee, with an uncovered head: meaning openly, boldly, powerfully: see Exod. 14. 8.

Vers. 4. had smitten] that is, as the Chaldee ex∣poundeth it, had killed; and the Greeke, all the [unspec 4] dead which the Lord had smitten: see Exod. 12. 29. their gods] in Chaldee, their idols. Some under∣stand it of the beasts which the Egyptians wor∣shipped. judgements] in Greeke, did (or exe∣cuted) vengeance: see Exod. 12. 12. and 18. 11.

Vers. 5. Succoth] by interpretation, Boothes: see Exod. 12. 37. [unspec 5]

Vers. 6. Etham which is in the edge] in Greeke, Bouthan, which is a part of the wildernesse: see Exod. [unspec] 13. 20.

Vers. 7. Pi-hahiroth] or, as the Greeke and [unspec 7] Chaldee translate, the mouth of Hiroth: for in the next verse, the place is called onely Hiroth: which seeme to be mountaines betweene which was a narrow passage, called figuratively a mouth. It was by the red sea, and there the Egyptians overtooke the Israelites, Exod. 14. 2. 9.

Vers. 8. the sea] the red sea, the waters whereof [unspec 8] God divided, & led his people thorow it; but the Egyptians following them, were drowned, Exod. 14. 21, 22, 23, &c. three dayes journie] Hebr. three dayes way. Etham] called the wildernesse of Sh••r. Exod. 15. 22. Marah] that is, bitternesse, as the Greeke here interpreteth it: so called of the bitter waters which the people could not drinke, therefore they murmured: but God sweetned the waters with a tree, Exod. 15. 23, &c.

Vers. 9. plame trees] or Date trees: see Exod. 15. [unspec 9] 〈◊〉〈◊〉, there] there by the waters, Exod. 15. 27. So God refreshed his pe••ple with water, in the dry and barren wildernesse.

Vers. 10. by the red sea] of this resting place [unspec 10] there hath beene no mention before.

Vers. 11. of Sin] a wildernesse which adjoyned [unspec 11] unto Sin, a citie of Egypt so called, Ezek. 30. 15, 16. Hither they came a just moneth after their depar∣ture from Rameses, vers. 3. namely in the fifteenth day of the second moneth: in this wildernesse they murmured for want of food, and God gave them Quailes, and rained Manna from heaven, Exod. 16. 1, 2, &c.

Vers. 12. Dephkah] in Greeke, Raphakah: put∣ting [unspec 12] R for D, through likenesse of the letters in Hebrew: see the notes on Gen. 4. 18. Of this place there is no mention in Exodus.

Vers. 13. Alush] in Greeke, Ailous: Neither is [unspec] this station named before, but Moses intimated them, when he said, the Israelites journied from the wildernesse of Sin, after their journies, Exod. 17. 1.

Vers. 14. Rephidim] in Greeke, Rephidein. [unspec 14] no water] therefore the people contended with Mo∣ses, and almost stoned him: God gave them water out of the Rocke in Horeb; and the place was cal∣led Massah, and Meribah, that is, Tentation, and contention. Here also at Rephidim, the Amalekites fought against Israel, and were overcome, Ex. 17.

V. 15. wildernesse of Sinai] the wildernesse of mount [unspec 15] Sinai, Act. 7. 30. Thither they came in the begin∣ning of the third moneth, Exod. 19. 1. There God gave them his Lawes, Statutes and Iudgements, Exod. 20. and 21, &c. There they sinned and made the golden Calfe, Exod. 32. Afterward they made the Tabernacle, Exod. 36, &c. Out of it God spea∣king, taught them how they should serve him with sacrifices, &c. Lev. 1, &c. He numbred and ordered the twelve tribes, both for their encamping about the Tabernacle, and for their journyings with it to∣wards Canaan, Num. 1, &c. And in this place they abode, till the twentieth day of the second moneth of the second yeare after their comming out of Egypt, Num. 10. 11, 12.

Vers. 16. Kibroth hattaavah] that is, the graves [unspec 16] of lust, where the people lusted for flesh, died whiles the flesh was betweene their teeth, and were buried there, Num. 11. 14,—34.

Vers. 17. Hazeroth] In this place Marie with [unspec 17] Aaron murmured against Moses, and she was smitten with leprosie, Num. 12.

Vers. 18. Rithmah] a place in the wildernesse of [unspec 18] Pharan, Num. 13. 1. It hath the name of Iuniper, which either grew there, or (as some of the He∣brewes thinke) because the evill tongues of the Spies which were sent from thence to view the land, (Num. 13. 3.) and brought up an cvill re∣port thereof, were like the coales of Iuniper, (as in Psal. 120. 3, 4.) and kindled a rebellion among the people, Num. 14.

Vers. 19. Rimmon Parez] in Greeke, Rhembon [unspec 19] Phares: by interpretation, the Pomegranate (or the lifting up) of the breach. This place is not na∣med before: Chazkuni thinketh they came hither after God had bidden thē turne backe into the wil∣dernesse, by the way of the red sea, Num. 14. 25. So it might have the name of the breach or slaughter which the Amalekites and Canaanites made among the Israelites for their presumption, Num. 14. 44, 45. as Perez Vzza, in 1 Chron. 13. 11. and Baal Perazim, in 1 Chron. 14. 11. were places so named of the death of Vzza, and slaugh∣ter of the Philistines.

Vers. 20. Libnah] in Greeke, Lembona: [unspec 20] some thinke it to be that which is called Laban, in Deut. 1. 1.

Vers. 21. Rissah] in Greeke, Ressan: it is not [unspec 21] elsewhere mentioned.

Vers. 22. Kehelathah] in Greeke, Makelath: [unspec 22] it signifieth Assembling.

Vers. 23. mount Shapher] in Hebrew, Har [unspec 23] Shapher; by interpretation, Faire mount: in Greeke, Arsaphath.

Vers. 24. Haradah] or Charadah; in Greeke, [unspec 24] Charadath: it signifieth Trembling.

Vers. 25. Makheloth] in Greeke, Makedoth: [unspec 25] it is interpreted Assemblies, or Congregations, and is thought of some to be so called of the mutinous assemblies of Korah, Dathan & Abiram, Num. 16.

Vers. 26. Tahath] in Greeke, Kataath, signifi∣ing [unspec 26] Vnderneath, or below.

Vers. 27. Tarah] or Therach; in Greeke, Tharath. [unspec 27] [unspec 28]

Vers. 28. Mithkah] in Greeke, Matheka; by in∣terpretation, sweet.

Vers. 29. Hashmonah] in Greeke, Aselmona. [unspec 29] [unspec 30]

Vers. 30. Moseroth] in Greeke, Masurouth; in English, Bonds. In Deut. 10. 6. it is called singular∣ly Moserah.

Vers. 31. Bene Iaakan] that is, the sons of Iaakan, [unspec 31] called in Deut. 10. 6. Beeroth Bene Iaakan, that is, the Wels of the sons of Iaakan: though some thinke that was another place. Of one Iaakan, we reade in 1 Chron. 1. 42.

Vers. 32. Horhagidgad] that is, the hole of Gid∣gad, [unspec 32] called also Gudgod, in Deut. 10. 7.

Vers. 33. Iotbathah] in Greeke, Etebatha: it was [unspec 33] a land of rivers of waters, named also Iotbath, Deut. 10. 7.

Vers. 34. Ebronah] or Gnabronah, not elsewhere mentioned. [unspec 34]

Vers. 35. Ezion-gaber] in Greeke, Gethsion-ga∣ber, [unspec 35] mentioned againe in Deut. 2. 8. It was by the red sea, where was a place for shipping in Edoms land, 1 Kings 9. 26. and 22. 48. Thus Israel had beene brought backe againe towards the red sea, as was commanded in Num. 14. 25. Deut. 2. 1.

Vers. 36. Zin which is Kadesh] or, that is Kades, [unspec 36] w^ch the Chaldee calleth Rekam. Hither they came in the first moneth of the 40 yeare of their travell: and here Marie the Prophetesse, the sister of Moses and Aaron, died. Here againe the people murmured for water, which was given them out of a Rocke. And at this Kadesh they sent unto Edom for leave to passe thorow his countrey, but were denied it, Num. 20. See the Annotations there.

Vers. 37. in the edge] by the border of the land, [unspec 37] Num. 20. 23. the Greeke translateth, neere the land of Edom.

Vers. 38. at the mouth] that is, as the Chaldee ex∣plaineth [unspec 38] it, at the word; in Greeke, by the comman∣dement of the Lord. died there] being stript of his Priestly garments which were put upō Eleazar his son: and hee died there on mount Hor for his sin committed at the water of Meribah in Kadesh, Num: 20. 24, 26. &c.

Vers. 40. King of Arad] of whom see Num. 21. 1. [unspec 40] heard of the comming] and sought against Isra∣el, and tooke some of them captives; but Israel by helpe from God vanquished him, Num. 21. 1, 2, 3.

Vers. 41. from mount Hor] by the way of the red [unspec 41] sea to compasse the land of Edom, Num. 21. 4. Zalmonah] in Greeke, Selmona; which seemeth to be so named of Zelem an Image, and to be meant of that place where the brazen serpent was set up, to heale those that were stung of fiery serpents, because they had murmured against God, Num. 21. 5, 6, &c.

Vers. 42. Funon] or Phunon; in Greeke, Phinon; [unspec 42] hereof there is no mention otherwhere.

Vers. 43. Oboth] mentioned in Num. 21. 10. [unspec 43]

Vers. 44. Ije Abarim] that is, the heapes of Aba∣rim; which Abarim were mountaines, vers. 47. In the verse following this place is called onely Ijem, that is, Heapes.

Vers. 45. Dibon Gad] in Greeke, Daibon Gad, [unspec 45] that is, Dibon of the Gadites: Dibon was the name of an high place and citie, wherof see Num. 21. 30. This Dibon was repaired and possessed by the sonnes of Gad, Num. 32. 34. and it is so named to distinguish it from another Dibon which was gi∣ven to Reuben, Ios. 13. 15. 17.

Vers. 46. Almon] or Gnalmon; in Greeke, Gel∣mon [unspec 46] diblathaim: of w^ch Diblathaim, see Ier. 48. 22.

Vers. 47. Before Nebo] the name of a mountain, [unspec 47] where afterward Moses died, Deut. 32. 49, 50: and 34. 1. 5.

Vers. 48. Iordan neere Iericho] that part of the ri∣ver [unspec 48] Iordan which is over against Iericho, called therefore in Hebrew Iarden of Iericho.

Vers. 49. Beth Iesimoth] which place was allot∣ted [unspec 49] to the Reubenites, Ios. 13. 15. 20. mentioned also in Ezek. 25. 9. Abel Shittim] the Chal∣dee expoundeth it, the plaine of Shittim: it see∣meth to have the name of the Shittim trees that grew there; as Abel Ceramim, is the plaine of the Uineyard, Iudg. 11. 33. The travels of Israel tho∣row that great and terrible wildernesse, wherein were fierie serpents, and scorpions, and drought, where there was no water, Deut. 8. 15. which was a land of desarts & of pits, a land of drought, and of the shadow of death, a land that no man passed thorow, and where no man dwelt, Ier. 2. 6. signified the many troubles and afflictions through which we must enter into the kingdome of God, Act. 14. 22. The helpes, comforts and deliverances which God gave unto his people in their distresses, are examples of his love and mercie towards his, who comforteth them in all their tribulation, that as the sufferings of Christ abound in them, so their consolation also aboundeth in Christ, 2 Cor. 1. 45. The punishmēts which God inflicted upon the disobedient, who perished in the wildernesse for their sins, hapned un∣to them for ensamples, and they are written for our admonitiō, upon whom the ends of the world are come, 1 Cor. 10. 1,—11. Heb. 3. 17, 18, 19. and 4. 1, 2. By the names of their encamping places, and histo∣ries adjoyned, it appeareth how Israel came some∣times into straits and troublesome wayes, as at Pi-hahiroth, Ex. 14. 2, 3. 10. &c. & at Zalmonah, Nū. 21. 4 &c. sometimes into large and ample roomth, as at the plaines of Moab: sometimes to places of hunger and thirst, as at Rephidim and Kadesh, Ex. 16 & 17. Num. 20. sometimes to places of refresh∣ing, as at Elim, and Beer, Ex. 15. 27. Num. 21. 16. sometimes where they had warres, as at Rephi∣dim, Kadesh, Edrehi, Exod. 17. 8. Num. 21. 1. 33. sometimes where they had rest, as at mount Sinai. Sometimes they went right forward, as from Si∣nai to Kadesh-barnea: sometimes they turned backward, as from Kadesh barnea to the red Sea. Sometimes they came to mountaines,

as Sinai, Shepher, Hor, Gidgad: sometimes to vallies, as Tahath, &c. sometimes to places of bit∣ternesse, as Marah: sometimes of sweetnesse, as Mithkah. The sinnes which they committed in the wildernesse, were many and great; as open ido∣latry by the Calfe at Horeb, Ex. 32. and with Baal-peor, Num. 25. unbeleese at Kadesh, Num. 14. and afterwards presumptuous boldnesse in the same place; murmurings against God sundry times, with tempting of Christ (as the Apostle speaketh, 1 Cor. 10.) Contention & rebellion against their gover∣nors often: lusting for flesh to fill their appetite, & soathing Manna the heavenly food: whoredome with the daughters of Moab, and sundry the like: that this complaint is after made of them, How oft did they provoke him in the wildernesse, and grieve him in the desart! Psal. 78. 40. All sorts of persons sinned against God; the multitude of people very often; the mixt multitude of strangers among them, Num. 11. The Princes, as the ten spies, Dathan, A∣biram, &c. The Levites, as Korah and his compa∣ny. Marie the Prophetesse, Num. 12. Aaron the Priest with her, besides his sin at Horeb, Ex. 32. and at the water of Meribah, Num. 20. Moses also him-selfe at the same place, for which he could not come into the land of Canaan. The punishments laid on them by the Lord for their disobedience were ma∣ny. They died by the sword of the enemie, as of the Amalekites, Exod. 17. and of the Canaanites, Num. 14. 45. and some by the sword of their bre∣thren, Exod. 32. Some were burnt with fire, Num. 11. and 16. some died with surfe••, Num. 11. some were swallowed up alive into the earth, Num. 16. some were killed with serpents, Num. 21. many di∣ed of the pestilence, Num. 16. 46. and c. 5. 25. and generally all that generatiō w^ch were first mustered after their comming out of Egypt, perished, Num. 26. 64, 65. God consumed their dayes in vanitie, and their yeares in terrour, Psal. 78. 33. Neverthelesse for his names sake, he magnified his mercies unto them and their posteritie. He had divided the sea, and led them thorow on dry land, drowning their enemies, Exod. 14. He led them with a cloud by day, and a pillar of fire by night continually. Hee gave them Manna from heaven daily. Hee clave the rocks, and gave them water for their thirst. Hee sed them with Quailes when they longed for flesh. He sweetned the bitter waters. He saved them from the sword of their enemies. He delivered them from the fiery serpents and scorpions. Their raiment waxed not old upon them, neither did their foot swell those 40 yeares, Deut. 8. 4. He de∣livered them from the curse of Balaam, and turned it into a blessing, because he loved them, Num. 22. Deut. 23. 5. He came downe upon mount Sinai, and spake with them from heaven, and gave them right judgements and true lawes, good statutes and commandements, and gave also his good spirit to instruct them, Nehem. 9. 13. 20. In the times of his wrath he remembred mercie; his eye spared them from destroying them, neither did he make an end of them in the wildernesse, Ezek. 20. 17. 22. He gave them Kingdomes and Nations, and they possessed the lands of their enemies; and hee multiplied their children as the starres of heaven, and brought them into the land promised unto their fathers, Nehem. 9. 22. 23. Now whatsoever things were written aforetime, were written for our learning, that we through patience and comfort of the Scriptures might have hope, Rom. 15. 4.

Vers. 52. Ye shall drive out] or, ye shall dispossess••, [unspec 52] as in vers. 53. in Greeke, ye shall destroy. So Moses explaineth this law to be meant of their destructi∣on, in Deut. 7. 1, 2. And they might not be suffe∣red to dwell in the land, Exod. 23. 33. their pi∣ctures] or, their imagerie workes; which the Chal∣dee expoundeth, the house (or place) of their worship: see the Annotations on Lev. 26. 1. their molten image] Hebr. the images of their meltings, that is, which they have molten; under which name, gra∣ven images and all other idols are implied, as is shewed on Ex. 20. 4. This law is also repeated in Deut. 7. 5. and Deut. 12. quite plucke downe] or, destroy, abolish, letting nothing remaine; in Greeke, take away their pillars: see Lev. 26. 30.

Vers. 53. dispossesse the land] or, disinherit, drive [unspec 53] out (as in v. 52.) the land; that is, as the Greek trans∣lateth, destroy the inhabitants of the land: and so Moses explaineth it in v. 55. A like phrase is in Ios. 17. 17. they could not dispossesse (or drive out) the ci∣ties, meaning the inhabitants of those cities: so house is for the houshold, or men of the house, Gen. 45. 11. 18. It may also be translated, yee shall inherit the land; and so it agreeth with the words follow∣ing.

Vers. 54. by lot] as was commanded before in [unspec 54] Num. 26. 55. ye shall give them the more inheri∣tance] Hebr. yee shall multiply his inheritance: see this phrase in Num. 26. 54. for him] that is, for any one, or for every one.

Vers. 55. shall be pricks] or shall be for pricks in [unspec 55] your eyes, and for thornes in your sides: which Ioshua repeating, saith, scourges in your sides, and thornes in your eies, Ios. 23. 13. And the Prophet speaking of the enemies of Gods people, calleth them a pric∣king bryar unto the house of Israel, and a grieving thorne, Ezek. 28. 24. By these similitudes the hurt and mischiefe is signified, which such wicked peo∣ple would doe unto the Church in soule and body, being a meane to draw them into sin, and to afflict them, as it is written, They destroyed not the Nati∣ons, concerning whom the LORD commanded them; but were mingled among the heathen, and learned their works, and served their idols which were a snare unto them, Psal. 106. 34, 35, 36. And the troubles which they brought upon Israel, are set forth in the booke of Iudges, in the historie of Iabin, Sisera, and other. So the Chaldee expoundeth these pricks and thornes, thus; They shall be companies taking up armes against you, and troupes causing you to fall. shall vex you in the land] and Iosua addeth, untill ye perish from off this good land, which Iehovah your God hath given you, Ios. 23. 13.