Annotations upon the five bookes of Moses, the booke of the Psalmes, and the Song of Songs, or, Canticles VVherein the Hebrevv vvords and sentences, are compared with, and explained by the ancient Greeke and Chaldee versions, and other records and monuments of the Hebrewes: but chiefly by conference with the holy Scriptures, Moses his words, lawes and ordinances, the sacrifices, and other legall ceremonies heretofore commanded by God to the Church of Israel, are explained. With an advertisement touching some objections made against the sinceritie of the Hebrew text, and allegation of the Rabbines in these annotations. As also tables directing unto such principall things as are observed in the annotations upon each severall booke. By Henry Ainsworth.

CHAP. XXVIII.

1 The Lords oblations are commanded to be of∣fered in the time appointed. 3 The continuall Burnt∣offerings every day, with their Meat and Drinke of∣ferings. 9 The offerings in the Sabbath; 11 in the beginnings of the moneths; 16 at the Passeover; 26 and in the day of First-fruits, or Pentecost.

ANd Iehovah spake unto Moses, say∣ing; [unspec 1] [unspec 2] Command the sons of Israel, and say unto them: Mine oblation, my bread for my Fire-offerings, the savour of my rest, ye shall observe to offer unto me in his appointed time. And thou shalt say unto [unspec 3] them; This is the Fire-offering which ye shall offer unto Iehovah; Two hee-lambes of the first yeare, perfect, day by day, for a continuall Burnt-offering. The one lambe thou shalt [unspec 4] make ready in the morning, and the other lambe thou shalt make ready betweene the two evenings. And a tenth part of an Ephah [unspec 5] of fine flower for a Meat-offering, mingled with the fourth part of an Hin of beaten oile.

The continuall Burnt-offering which was [unspec 6] made in mount Sinai for a savour of rest, a Fire-offering unto Iehovah. And the Drink-offering [unspec 7]

thereof shall be the fourth part of an Hin for the one lambe; in the holy place shalt thou cause to be powred out a drink-offering of strong wine unto Iehovah. And the o∣ther [unspec 8] lambe thou shalt make ready betweene the two evenings: as the Meat-offering of the morning, and as the Drink-offering thereof, thou shalt make ready; a Fire-offering, a favour of rest unto Iehovah.

And in the Sabbath day, two hee-lambes [unspec 9] of the first yeare, perfect, and two tenth parts of fine flower for a Meat-offering, mingled with oyle, and the Drinke-offering thereof.

The Burnt-offering of the Sabbath, in his [unspec 10] Sabbath, beside the continual Burnt-offering, and his Drinke-offering.

And in the beginnings of your moneths [unspec 11] ye shall offer a Burnt-offering unto Iehovah: Two bullockes, younglings of the herd, and one ramme; seven he-lambs of the first yeare, perfect. And three tenth parts of fine flower [unspec 12] for a Meat-offering, mingled with oyle, for one bullocke: and two tenth parts of flower for a Meat-offering, mingled with oyle, for one ramme. And a severall tenth part of [unspec 13] fine flower, for a Meat-offering mingled with oyle, for one lambe: for a Burnt-offering, a savour of rest, a Fire-offering unto Iehovah.

And their Drinke-offerings, halfe an Hin [unspec 14] of wine shall be for a bullocke, and the third part of an Hin for a ram, and the fourth part of an Hin for a lambe: This is the Burnt-offe∣ring of the moneth, in his moneth, through-out the months of the yeare. And one goat-buck [unspec 15] of the goats for a Sin-offering unto Ieho∣vah: it shall be made ready beside the continu∣all Burnt-offering, and his Drink-offering.

And in the first moneth, in the fourteenth [unspec 16] day of the moneth shall be the Passeover unto Iehovah. And in the fifteenth day of this moneth shall be the feast: seven daies shall un∣leavened [unspec 17] cakes be eaten. In the first day shall be [unspec 18] a convocation of holinesse; yee shall not doe any servile worke. But yee shall offer a Fire offering for a Burnt-offering unto Ieho∣vah; [unspec 19] two bullockes, younglings of the herd, and one ramme, and seven he-lambes of the first yeare, perfect shall they bee unto you.

And their Meat-offering, fine flower [unspec 20] mingled with oyle; three tenth parts shall ye make ready for a bullock, and two tenth parts for a ramme. A severall tenth part shalt [unspec 21] thou make ready for one lambe, throughout the seven lambes. And one goat-bucke for [unspec 22] a Sin-offering, to make atonement for you.

Beside the Burnt-offering of the morning, [unspec 23] which is for a continuall Burnt-offering, yee shall make ready these. After this manner [unspec 24] ye shall make ready for every day, seven daies, the bread of the Fire-offering of a savour of rest unto Iehovah: it shall be made ready, be∣side the continuall Burnt-offering, and his Drinke-offering. And in the seventh day [unspec 25] yee shall have a convocation of holinesse, yee shall not doe any servile worke.

And in the day of the First-fruits, when ye [unspec 26] offer a new Meat-offering unto Iehovah after your weekes, ye shall have a convocation of holinesse, ye shall not doe any servile worke.

And yee shall offer a Burnt-offering for a [unspec 27] savour of rest unto Iehovah; two bullocks, younglings of the herd, one ramme, seven hee-lambes of the first yeare. And their [unspec 28] Meat-offering, fine flower mingled with oile; three tenth parts for one bullocke, two tenth parts for one ramme. A severall tenth part [unspec 29] for one lambe throughout the seven lambes.

One goat-buck of the goats, to make atone∣ment [unspec 30] [unspec 31] for you. Yee shall make them ready, beside the continuall Burnt-offering, and his Meat-offering; perfect shall they be unto you, and their Drinke-offerings.

Annotations.

COmmand the sonnes of Israel] After that God [unspec 2] had numbred the people, and appointed them their inheritance, he now repeateth and explaineth former lawes concerning his service which they should doe unto him in that their inheritance, dai∣ly, weekely, monethly, and at their solemne Feasts as they fell every yeare: for he therefore would give unto them the lands of the heathens, and they should inherit the labour of the peoples, that they might observe his statutes, and keepe his lawes, Psal. 105. 44, 45. And because they had omitted the so∣lemnizing of these feasts now 38. yeares, (from the keeping of the Passeover in the wildernesse in the second yeare, Num. 9. untill the Circumcision and Passeover at Gilgal, Ios. 5.) by reason of their tra∣vels, wherein the Sanctuary, Altar, and holy things were folden up and removed from place to place, and the generation which had beene before muste∣red was dead, Numb. 26. 64, 65. therefore lest the ordinances formerly given should be forgotten or neglected, and the people continue to doe as now they did, every man whatsoever was right in his own eyes, Deut. 12. 8. the Lord causeth the law of sacri∣ficing to be againe commanded. Which sacrifices being all figures of Christ, and our service of God by him, (as hath beene shewed in the booke of Le∣viticus) teach us to serve the Lord under the Gospel of his Sonne, in spirit and truth: for thereof were these legall feasts a figure, Esay 66. 23. Zach. 14. 16,—19. 1 Cor. 5. 7, 8. Coloss. 2. 16, 17. Heb. 13. 15.

Mine oblation] that is, mine oblations; in Greek, my gifts: Hebr. my Korban, which is an offering or gift by which men drew nigh unto God, through faith in Christ. See the notes on Levit. 1. 2. my bread for my Fire-offerings] the Chaldee ex∣poundeth it, the bread ordained for my oblations. Vn∣der the name of bread all food is implied, and the flesh it selfe, or fat of the sacrifices, as is noted on Levit. 3. 11. the savour of my rest] the savour or odour of sacrifices which may quiet or pacifie my spirit and anger, and make you and your service pleasing and acceptable to me. The Greeke trans∣lateth it, for a savour of sweet smell; the Chaldee, to be accepted with favour. See Lev. 1. 9. in his appointed time] every one in the time appoin∣ted therefore of God: the Greeke saith, in my feasts; for the same word which signifieth an appointed time, is also used for a solemne feast appointed of God, Levit. 23. 2. Hereby God limiteth every sa∣crifice his proper day and time; which if it were let slip, that oblation might not be offered in ano∣ther day or time. This is further manifested in vers. 10. where he saith, The Burnt-offering of the Sab∣bath, in his Sabbath; which the Hebrewes expound thus, and not the Burnt-offering of one Sabbath, in another Sabbath. Maimony tom. 3. in Tamidin, chap. 1. s. 7. And it is a common proverbe among them, Gnabar Zeman, gnabar korban; If the time be past, the oblation is past: and it is prophesied of An∣tiochus the wicked, that he should thinke to change the times and the lawes. Dan. 7. 25. And Ieroboam king of Israel, who kept the feast of the seventh moneth, in the eighth moneth, is taxed for it in the Scripture, which calleth it the moneth which he had devised of his owne heart, 1 King. 12. 32, 33.

Vers. 3. the Fire-offering] the sacrifices to be [unspec 3] burned with fire unto the Lord; which Fire signi∣fied both the worke of Gods Spirit, and the fiery trials and afflictions through which Christ and his children should be consecrated unto God, Matth. 3. 11. Hebr. 9. 14. 1 Pet. 4. 12, 13, 14. of the first yeare] Hebr. sonne of the yeare: so after often in this and the next chapter: of which phrase see the Annotations on Exod. 12. 5. perfect] that is, perfect lambes, without blemish or corruption: what this meant is shewed on Lev. 1. 3. and 22. 21. day by day] or for a day, that is, daily. a continuall Burnt-offering] Hebr. a Burnt-offering of continuation, which should be offered without in∣termission. See the notes on Exod. 29. 42. and Le∣vit. 1.

Vers. 4. make ready] or doe, that is, kill, sprin∣kle [unspec 4] the bloud, cut in peeces, burne on the Altar, and all other rites pertaining to sacrificing, shewed in Levit. 1. betweene the two evenings] that is, in the after-noone: of which phrase, see the An∣notations on Exod. 12. 6. God setteth no houres for the morning or evening sacrifices, because they might occasionally be changed. By the Hebrew Canons, the ordinary time of killing the morning sacrifice, was before Sun-rising, after that the face of all the East was inlightned, that is, betweene day∣breaking and Sun-rising. The time of killing the evening sacrifice, though it might be all the after-noone, yet they used not to kill it till halfe an houre after two of the clocke: and this they did by reason of the sacrifices of particular persons, or of the con∣gregation, because it was unlawfull to offer any obla∣tion at all, before the continuall Burnt-offering of the morning: neither killed they any oblation after the continuall evening sacrifice, save the oblation of the Passeover only: for it was unpossible for all Israel to offer their Passeovers in two houres: So they killed not the Passeover, but after the daily evening sacri∣fice. Maimony in Tamidin, chap. 1. sect. 3, 4. By this daily sacrifice morning and evening, was sig∣nified the reconciliation of the Church unto God by faith in Christ; notwithstanding their continu∣all infirmities which they fell into night and day, (as one end of the Burnt-offering was to make at∣onement for sinnes, Iob 1. 5.) and that being recon∣ciled, they should both shew their thankfulnesse for it unto God, and expect from him a blessing upon them, their labours, and their rest. Wherefore at such times, speciall favours were shewed of God unto his people; as, in the morning, when the Meat∣offering was offered, the country was miraculously filled with water, for Israel, when they were in di∣stresse, 2 King. 3. 9, 10, 20. And about the time of the evening oblation, God answered unto Daniels prayers, by sending the Angell Gabriel unto him, who fore-told him when Christ should come for the salvation of his people, Dan. 9. 20, 21, 22, &c. See also the notes on Exod. 29. 39.

Vers. 5. a tenth part] that is, an omer; for that [unspec 5] was the tenth deale of an Ephah or Bushell, as is shewed in Exod. 16. 36. fine flower] meaning wheaten flower, as Exod. 29. 2. So Chazkuni here saith, as the flower spoken of in the consecration (of the Priests) was of wheat; so all flower spoken of in the Law is of wheat. the fourth part] that was somewhat lesse than a quart of oyle; for an Hin contained twelve Logs, and a Log held as much as six egges: See the Annorations on Exod. 30. 24. and Levit. 14. 10. When God shewed unto Ezekid the spirituall Temple which Christ should build, and the service therein, (declared after the simili∣tude of the Legall service of Moses,) he saith, that every Lambe should have for the Meat-offering the sixt part of an Ephah, and the third part of an Hin of oyle. Ezek. 46. 13, 14. where the quantity is in∣creased more than was offered under Moses: to teach, that as Gods grace and blessing aboundeth towards us in Christ, so should our thankfulnesse againe towards him, abound more than under the Law, by a more cheerefull obedience unto him, and more ample fruits of the spirit figured by the flower and oyle. beaten oyle] oyle signified grace; bea∣ting of it signified afflictions, whereby the grace of God is more perfected in us, 2 Cor. 1. 21. and 12. 9, 10. The oyle was beaten in a morter and they strat∣ned it out with hands, and pressed it not out in an (oile) presse, to the end there might be found no dregs in it, saith Chazkuni on Numb. 28.

Vers. 6. which was made] that is, which (or such [unspec 6] as) was offered; as in Targum Ionathan it is ex∣pounded, such as was offered at the mount of Sinai. Or, by made, understand ordained of God, having

reference to the ordinance in Exod. 29. 38.—42. Thus God calleth them throughout their generati∣ons, unto his first institution, which they were to keepe, till he himselfe made a change of the Law. And here observe, that the Lambe, the flower, and the oile, are all of them together called a Burnt-offe∣ring, as also in Ezek. 46. 15. because the Meat-offe∣ring with the oyle was all burned on the Altar, as was the lambe, and so differed from the Meat-offe∣ring in Levit. 2. whereof an handfull onely was burned.

Vers. 7. Drinke-offering] so named of powring [unspec 7] out upon the Altar, as is noted on Num. 15. 5. in the holy place] the Court of the Sanctuary; Hebr. in the Holinesse. strong wine] in Hebrew Shecar, which name the Greeke retaineth, calling it Sikera, and so in the Evangelists writing, Luk. 1. 15. It is generally used for all strong drinke, which causeth mirth, fulnesse, and (if it be taken excessively) drun∣kennesse: See the notes on Gen. 43. 34. The Chal∣dee here translateth it, old wine, and that is better than new, Luke 5. 39. Thus God required the best liquour, wine; and the best sort of wine to be gi∣ven with his sacrifice: which was a figure, not on∣ly of the bloud of Christ, (the memoriall whereof he hath still left unto his Church in wine, Matth. 26. 27, 28, 29.) but of the bloud also of his servants, powred out in martyrdome, upon the sacrifice and service of the faith (as in the holy place) Phil. 2. 17. See the Annotations on Numb. 15. 12.

Vers. 9. the Sabbath day] Hebr. the day of Sab∣bath, that is, of Rest; which the Greeke expresseth [unspec 9] in the forme plurall, the day of Sabbaths, and so in the new Testament, Luke 4. 16. Act. 13. 14. and 16. 13. two hee-lambes] understand, as the Greeke version addeth, ye shall bring two he-lambs: these were over and beside the daily sacrifices fore-mentioned, vers. 10. The Sabbath was a remem∣brance of the creation of the world; Exod. 20. 11. of Israels comming out of Aegypt, Deut. 5. 15. a signe of their sanctification by the Lord, Ez••k 20. 12. and a figure of grace and rest, which should come by faith in Christ, Hebr. 4. As therefore this day was a signe of more than ordinary favours from the Lord, so hee required greater testimonies of their thankfulnesse and sanctification. And Ezekiel prophesying of the Churches service under the Gospell, under the figure of these legall ordinances, he saith, And the Burnt-offering that the Prince shall offer unto the LORD, in the Sabbath day, shall be six lambes perfect, and a ramme perfect: and the Meat-offering shall be an Ephah for a ramme; and the Meat-offering for the lambes shall be the gift of his hand, and an Hin of oyle to an Ephah, Ezek. 46. 4, 5. signifying that the service of God now in spi∣rit and truth should exceed the legall services of old.

Vers. 10. in his Sabbath] the Chaldee expoun∣deth [unspec 10] it, that shall be done in the Sabbath; it meaneth, that on the Sabbath it should be offered, and not deferred till another day or weeke, as is before no∣ted, vers. 2. The like is for the moneth in vers. 14.

Vers. 11. the beginnings of your moneths] that is, [unspec 11] as the Greeke translateth it, the new-moones; for in Israel they began the moneth with the new moo••; and it was proclaimed by the Synedrion, or M〈…〉〈…〉∣strates, as Maimony sheweth in Kiddush ba〈…〉〈…〉 cap. 1. These new-moones were daies sanctified to the service of God, by speciall sacrifices appointed, as after followeth; then did they blow with the sil∣ver trumpets in the Sanctuary, Numb. 10. 10. and for Burnt-offerings on the Sabbaths, New-moones, and solemne Feasts, was Solomons Temple dedi∣cated, 2 Chron. 2. 4. Then also did they thorow∣out the coasts of Israel repaire unto the Prophets, or other Ministers of God, for to heare his Word, as appeareth by 2 King. 4. 23. Wherefore wilt thou goe to him (to the man of God) to day? it is neither New-moone, nor Sabbath. Then also they kept re∣ligious feasts, 1 Sam. 20. 5, 6. neither was it lawfull to buy or sell, or doe other like worldly workes, Amos 8. 5. but they were to meditate of their light, sanctification, graces, and comforts to come by Christ, whereof these and other holy-dayes were a shadow, Col. 2. 16, 17. And in Christ we spiritual∣ly keepe this feast (as the Apostle speaketh of the Passeover, 1 Cor. 5. 7, 8.) for so it is prophesied, From one New-moone to another, and from one Sab∣bath to another, shall all flesh come to worship before me, saith the LORD, Esay 66. 23. Not that wee are now bound to observe daies, and moneths, and times, and yeares, Gal. 4. 10. but are taught by those figurative speeches in the Prophets, to worship the Father in spirit and in truth, Ioh. 4. 21. 23. who will accept of our service performed in Christ, in every place, as he did at Ierusalem, Malac. 1. 11. and at all times, as he did at the solemne Feasts of Israel. The renewing of the Moone, (which bor∣roweth her light of the Sunne) might figure the re∣newing of the Church (said to be faire as the Moon, Song 6. 10.) by Christ the Sunne of righteousnesse, Mal. 4. 2. whiles her light and joy is by him increa∣sed and continued; as it is written, Thy Sunne shall no more goe downe, neither shall thy Moone withdraw it selfe: for the LORD shall bee thine everlasting light, and the daies of thy mourning shall be ended. E∣say 60. 20. And Ezekiel (prophesying of the daies of Christ) saith of the gate of the inner Court of the Sanctuary, that looketh toward the East, which should be shut the six working daies, that in the Sab∣bath, and in the day of the New-moone, it should be opened, Ezek. 46. 1. The Hebrewes say, As the be∣ginnings of the moneths are sanctified and renued in this world, so shall Israel be sanctified and renued in time to come. Pirke R. Eliezer, per. 51. two bul∣lockes] The service at the New-moone was much more than in the Sabbath, for that was but two lambes, vers. 9. but this at the New-moone, is two bullockes, one-ramme, and seven lambes, all Burnt∣offerings, and one goat-bucke, for a Sin-offering, vers. 11. 15. These sacrifices were offered, beside the daily Burnt-offering, and after the s••me: but Eze∣kiel foretelleth a lessening of this service, speaking but of one bullocke, six lambes, and a ramme, which the Prince should offer, Ezek. 46. 6.

Vers. 12. three tenth parts] of an Ephah or [unspec] Bushell, as in vers. 5. that is, three Omers. The like quantitie was prescribed in Numb. 15. 9. and so two

Omers for a ramme, Num. 15. 6. But in Ezek. 46. 7. the Meat-offering is increased; an Ephah for a bul∣locke, and an Ephah for a ramme; and for the lambs, according as his hand shall attaine unto. See before on vers. 9.

Vers. 13. a severall tenth part] Hebr. a tenth part a tenth part, that is, for every one a tenth part; or, [unspec 13] (as Moses explaineth it in Numb. 29. 4.) one tenth part for one lambe. So after in vers. 21. and 29. and chap. 29. vers. 10. 15. with oyle] with the fourth part of an Hin of beaten oyle, as was decla∣red in vers. 5. But when there was an Ephah of flower for a Meat-offering, there was an Hin of oyle to an Ephah, Ezek. 46. 5. 7. 11.

Vers. 15. for a Sin-offering] in Greeke, for sin; this was to make atonement for them, vers. 22. the [unspec 15] law for sin-offerings was given in Levit. 4. And whereas some Sinne-offerings were eaten by the Priests, and othersome (whose bloud was carried into the Holy place) were not eaten, but burnt without the campe, Levit. 6. 26. 30. of this the He∣brewes say, The offering (or doing) of the Sin-offe∣rings at the beginnings of the moneths, and at the so∣lemne feasts, is like the offering of the Sin-offering that is eaten. Maimony in Tamidin, chap. 7. sect. 2.

Vers. 16. the first moneth] called of the He∣brewes [unspec 16] Abib, and Nisan; it answereth in part to that which we call March: see the notes on Exod. 12. 2. and Levit. 23. 5.

Vers. 17. the feast] of unleavened cakes, as is [unspec 17] expressed in Levit. 23. 6. The Passeover was a fi∣gure of Christ our Passeover, to be sacrificed for us: the unleavened cakes signified sincerity and truth, with which we should keepe the feast, 1 Cor. 5. 7, 8. See the Annotations on Exod. 12. 15.

Vers. 18. any servile worke] Hebr. any worke of [unspec 18] service: it meaneth any worke save about that which men should eat; that only was to be done of them, Exod. 12. 16. See the notes there, and on Levit. 23. 7.

Vers. 19. two bullockes, &c.] the same sacrifices, [unspec 19] and so many as were offered at the New-moones, vers. 11. The Meat and Drinke-offerings also were the same, vers. 12, 13. 20, 21. But Ezekiel prophe∣sieth of a change, how at the Passeover on the four∣teenth day, the Prince should prepare for himselfe, and for all the people of the land, a bullocke for a Sin∣offering. And the seven daies of the feast (of unlea∣vened cakes) he should prepare a Burnt-offering to the LORD, seven bullockes, and seven rammes perfect, daily the seven daies; and for a Sin-offering, a goat-bucke of the goats daily. The Meat-offerings also should be increased; an Ephah for a bullocke, and an Ephah for a ramme, and an Hin of oyle for an Ephah, Ezek. 45. 22, 23, 24.

Vers. 22. a Sin-offering] of it the Hebrewes [unspec 22] say, it was eaten in the second day of the Passeover, which was the sixteenth day of (the first moneth) Nisan. Maim. in Tamidin, chap. 7. sect. 3. See be∣fore on vers. 15.

Vers. 23. Beside the Burnt-offering] the daily [unspec 23] sacrifice appointed in vers. 3. unto which these sa∣crifices forementioned were added. And beside all these, there was the Lambe for a Burnt-offering, which was sacrificed with the wave Sheafe or O∣mer, as was commanded in Levit. 23. 10.—13.

Vers. 25. the seventh day] which was the last [unspec 25] day of the feast of unleavened cakes, and in this day it is said, there should be a feast to Iehovah, Exod. 13. 6. called here a convocation of holinesse, or holy assembly. So in Exod. 12. 16. and Lev. 23. 8.

Vers. 26. day of the First-fruits] called Pentecost, [unspec 26] Act. 2. 1. the feast of harvest, Exod. 23. 16. the feast of Weekes, of the first-fruits of wheat-harvest, Exod. 34. 22. a new Meat-offering] called so in respect of the former offered at the Passeover: the law for this was given in Levit. 23 16. after your weekes] after the seven weekes, or fifty daies, which the Israelites were commanded to number unto them from the Passeover, Levit. 23. 15, 16. The Hebrew which usually signifieth in your weeks, is here to be interpreted after: See the Annotati∣ons on Exod. 2. 23.

Vers. 27. two bullockes] these and the rest fol∣lowing [unspec 27] are here added to the Feast, over and beside those seven lambes, one bullocke, and two rammes, which were offered with the first-fruits, Levit. 23. 18. as is shewed in the Annotations there; and be∣side the continuall Burnt-offering, or daily sacrifice, as after followeth in vers. 31.

Vers. 31. and their drinke-offerings] This see∣meth [unspec 31] to be referred not only to the former, yee shall make them ready, but also to the latter, they shall be perfect: that as the beasts, flower and oyle, were to be perfect, unblemished, sound and sweet; so the wine for drinke-offerings should likewise be per∣fect, (as hee called it strong wine, in vers. 7.) not dead, soure, mixed with dregs or lees, or otherwise corrupted. See the Annotations on Gen. 4. 4.