Annotations upon the five bookes of Moses, the booke of the Psalmes, and the Song of Songs, or, Canticles VVherein the Hebrevv vvords and sentences, are compared with, and explained by the ancient Greeke and Chaldee versions, and other records and monuments of the Hebrewes: but chiefly by conference with the holy Scriptures, Moses his words, lawes and ordinances, the sacrifices, and other legall ceremonies heretofore commanded by God to the Church of Israel, are explained. With an advertisement touching some objections made against the sinceritie of the Hebrew text, and allegation of the Rabbines in these annotations. As also tables directing unto such principall things as are observed in the annotations upon each severall booke. By Henry Ainsworth.

CHAP. XX.

1. Lawes for the punishment of him that giveth of his 〈◊〉〈◊〉 to Molech, 6, of him that goeth to Wizards, 9, of him that curseth his parents, 10. of adulterers, 11, 14, 17, 19. of 〈◊◊〉〈◊◊〉 persons, 13. of them that lye with mankinde, 15, or with beasts, 18, or with a wo∣man in her 〈◊〉〈◊〉. 7, 12, 26, Holinesse and obedi∣ence 〈◊〉〈◊〉 required: 23, the manners of the heathens to be avoided: 25, difference to be put betweene beasts clean and uncleane. 〈◊〉〈◊〉, Wizards must be stoned to death.

ANd Iehovah spake unto Moses, say∣ing. And thou shalt say, unto the sons [unspec 1] [unspec 2] of Israel; Every man of the sonnes of Israel, or of the stranger that sojourneth in Israel, that giveth of his feed, unto Molech; he shall surely be put to death: the people of the land, shall stone him with stones. And I, [unspec 3] will set my face, against that man; and will cut him off, from among his people: because he hath given, of his seed unto Molech; that hee might defile my sanctuary; and to pro∣phane, the name of my holinesse. And if the [unspec 4] people of the land, hiding shall hide their eyes from that man, when hee giveth of his seed unto Molech; that they put him not to death: Then I, will set my face, against that [unspec 5] man, and against his familie: and will cut off him, and all that goe-a-whoring after him, to goe-a-whoring after Molech, from a∣mong their people. And the soule, that tur∣neth [unspec 6] unto (them that have) familiar spirits, and unto wizards; to goe-a-whoring after them: I will also set my face, against that soule; and will cut him off, from among his people. And yee shall sanctifie your selves; [unspec 7] and be holy: for I am Iehovah, your God. And yee shall keepe, my statutes; and doe [unspec] them: I am Iehovah, that sanctifieth you. For every man, that curseth his father, or [unspec 9] his mother, shall be surely put to death: hee hath cursed, his father or his mother, his bloods shall be upon him. And the man, that [unspec 10] committeth-adulterie with a mans wife; that committeth-adulterie, with his neighbours wife: the adulterer, and the adulteresse, shall surely bee put to death. And the man that [unspec 11] lyeth with his fathers wife, hath uncovered his fathers nakednesse: both of them shall be surely put to death, their bloods shall be upon them. And the man, that lyeth with his [unspec 12] daughter-in-law; both of them shal be surely put to death: they have wrought confusion, their bloods shall be upon them. And the [unspec 13] man, that lyeth with a male, like copulation with a woman; they have done abhominati∣on, both of them: they shall be surely put to death, their bloods shall be upon them. And the man that taketh a wife, and her mo∣ther, [unspec 14] it is wickednes: they shall burne him and them, with fire: that there be no wic∣kednes, among you. And the man that gi∣veth [unspec 15] his copulation with a beast; hee shall surely bee put to death: and yee shall kill the beast. And the woman, that appro∣cheth [unspec 16] unto any beast, to lye downe thereto; thou shalt even kill the woman, & the beast: they shal surely be put to death, their bloods shall be upon them. And the man that taketh [unspec 17] his sister, his fathers daughter or his mothers daughter, and seeth her nakednes, and shee

see his nakednesse, it is impietie; and they shal be cut off, in the eyes of the sonnes of their people; he hath uncovered, his sisters naked∣nes, he shall beare his iniquity. And the man, [unspec 18] that lyeth with a woman having-her sicknes, and uncovereth her nakednes, discovereth bee fountaine; and she, uncovereth the foun∣taine of her bloods: even both of them shall be cut-off, from among their people. And thou shalt not uncover the nakednes of thy [unspec 19] mothers sister, or of thy fathers sister: for he discouereth his neere-kinne, they shall beare their iniquity. And the man, that lyeth with his aunt; hee hath uncovered, his uncles na∣kednes; [unspec 20] they shall beare their sinne, they shall dye childles. And the man, that taketh his brothers wife, it is uncleannes: he hath unco∣vered [unspec 21] his brothers nakednes, they shall bee childles. And ye shall keepe all my statutes, [unspec 22] and all my judgments, and doe them: that the land spue you not out; which I bring you thither, to dwell therein. And ye shall not walke, in the statutes of the nation; which I [unspec 23] send out, from before you: for all these things, have they done; and I am yrked with them. And I have said unto you; you, shall inherit their land; and I, will give it unto [unspec 24] you, to inherit it; a land that floweth with milke, and honey: I, am Iehovah your God; which have separated you, from the peoples. And yee shall separate, betweene the cleane [unspec 25] beast and the uncleane, and betweene the un∣cleane fowle, and the cleane: and yee shall not make your soules abominable, by beast or by fowle; or by any thing that creepeth on the ground; which I have separated unto you, for uncleane. And ye shall be holy un∣to [unspec 26] me, for I Iehovah, am holy: and have se∣parated you, from the peoples, to be mine. And man or woman, when there is in them [unspec 27] a familiar-spirit, or (that is) a wizard, they shall surely be put to death: they shall stone them with stones, their bloods shall be upon them.

Annotations.

EVery man] or Any man whosoever. Hebr. man [unspec 2] 〈◊〉〈◊〉; as Levit. 17. 3. Targum Ionathan explai∣neth it, yong man or old man; the Greeke hath, If any. Here God appointeth punishments for the trans∣gression of such Lawes, as were given in the two former chapters. that sojourneth] or, that is a stranger: in Greeke, proselytes. of his seed] that is, any of his children. Molech] an Idoll to which the heathens offred their children; whereof see Lev. 18. 21. he shall surely be put to death] or, he shal be put to dye the death: Heb. dying he shall be made to dye. So after in verse 9. 10. 11. 12. &c. the peo∣ple of the land] the Chaldee expounds it, the people of the house of Israel. stone him] his sinne being proved before the Iudges by witnesses, the hands of the witnesses were first to be upon him, and af∣terward the hands of all the people, Deut. 17. 6. 7. Foure manner of deaths were in Israel for malefa∣ctors, Stoning, Burning, Killing with the sword, and Strangling: And the Hebrewes reckon eighteen euil doers which were to be stoned, (& that was the so∣rest death;) sundry of them are mentioned in this chapter: of all the rest, see the notes on Exodus 21. 12. The manner of stoning is said to be thus; when the malefactor came within foure cubits of the place of execution, they stript him out of his clothes, but covered his nakednesse before; and a woman was not stoned naked, but in one linnen garment. The place of stoning was high; unto which the malefactor with his witnesses went up: his hands being tyed: One of the witnesses stroke him behinde upon his loynes; if that kild him not, the other witnesses threw a great stone upon his heart; if hee dyed not with it, all Israel threw stones upon him. Talmud Bab. in Sanhedrin, chap. 6. and Maimony in Sanhedrin, chapter 15. se∣ction 1.

Vers. 3. And I will set] Heb. will give; that is, will oppose and set firmly: for which in verse 5. Moses [unspec 3] useth the word set. This is meant, if the sinne were not knowne, or could not be proved by witnesses sufficiently before men, that God himselfe would cut off the sinner, which the Chaldee and Greeke doe interpret destroy, or make to perish. So Chazkuni expoundeth it, I will set my face, when he transgres∣seth without witnesses and evident-proofe. The He∣brewes reckon sixe and thirtie which for their sins are threatned by the law to be cut off; and they are these, 1. Hee that lyeth with his mother; 2. or with his fathers wife; 3. or with his daughter-in-law; 4. or with mankinde; 5. or with a beast; 6. and the woman that lyeth downe to a beast; 7. hee that lyeth with a wo∣man and her daughter; 8. or with another mans wife; 9. or with his sister; 10. or with his fathers sister; 11. or with his mothers sister; 12, or with his wives sister; 13. or with the wife of his fathers brother; 14. or with the wife of his mothers brother; 15. or with a woman that hath her sicknesse; 16. The blasphemer; 17. the Idol-server; 18. he that giveth of his seed to Molech; 19. hee that followeth him that hath a familiar spirit; 20. hee that prophaneth the Sabbath; 21. the uncleane person that eateth the holy thing; 22. the uncleane person that commeth into the Sanctuarie. 23. Hee that eateth fat; 24. or blood; 25. or that eateth that which remaineth of the sacrifices, when it is a polluted thing; 26. or that eateth uncleane meats; 27. Hee that slayeth sacrifices without the sanctuarie; 28. & be that offreth them with∣out; 29. He that eateth Leaven at the Passeover; 30. he that eateth any thing on Atonement day; 31. or that wor∣keth on that day; 32. Hethat maketh an Oile, like the ho∣ly oile of the Sanctuary; 33. or maketh anincense like the holy incense; 34. or, that anointeth mans flesh with the holy oile of the Sanctuary; 35. He that observeth not the Passeover, 36. or that observeth not the Law of circum∣cision. For these they are guilty to be cut off, if they trans∣gresse presumptuously, if ignorātly, they must bring a sin∣offring,

&c. Thalmad Bab. in Ch•••• it hu••••. chap. 1. All these are expressed in Moses Law, and yet hee that gathered these in the Thalmud, (as Maimo∣ny in his Annotations upon the same place obser∣veth,) reckoneth but the generals, and leaveth the par∣ticulars. For where he saith, He that lyeth with a wo∣man and her daughter; he implieth also, a woman with her sonne: so a woman and her sons daughter, a woman and her daughters daughter: and his mother, and his mothers mother, and his fathers mother, and his daugh∣ter, and his sons daughter, and his daughters daughter. And under the name of the Idolserver, is implied hee that poureth out a drink-offring, or that burneth incense, or that boweth downe, or that sacrificeth, and such like. So hee speaketh of him that hath a Familiar spirit, and not of the Wizard [who is in the same estate, Lev. 20. 6.] Of these forementioned, some are to dye by the hand of the magistrate, some are to be beaten, but not put to death; as elsewhere is observed. defile my Sanctuary] that is, the Tabernacle, (Exod. 25. 8.) or Temple: which was defiled, when God was sacrificed unto other where, or by other wayes then he commanded, (Levit. 17. 4. 5.) or when they sacrificed to idols, and yet would come into the Sanctuarie to serve God also; whereas the Temple of God, hath no agreement with Idols, 2 Cor. 6. 16. And thus the Prophet reproveth them, for that they burned incense to Baal, and walked after other gods; and yet came and stood before him in the house whereupon his name was called, Ier. 7. 9. 10. and to prophane] that is, as the Greek explai∣neth it, and that he might prophane. Of prophaning Gods name, see Levit. 18. 21.

Vers. 4. the people of the land] which the Chaldee [unspec 4] expoundeth the people of the house of Israel: and so the Greeke saith, the homeborne of the land. hi∣ding shall hide] that is, shall any waies hide; the Greeke explaineth it, with winking shall winke at; that is, neg∣lect, or not regard no punish. That word Paul u∣seth, in Act. 17. 30. the times of this ignorance, God wincked at.

Vers. 5. my face] the Chaldee expoundeth it, mine anger: and so face often signifieth, Psal. 21. 10. and [unspec 5] 34. 17. Lam. 4. 16. See the notes on Gen. 32. 20. his familie] in Greeke, his kinred; and so the word familie signifieth, in Gen. 24. 38. the Chal∣dee translateth it, his helpers; that is, such as tooke part with him; as the next words doe declare. that goe a whoring after him] that is, commit idola∣trie, as the Chaldec explaineth it, that erre: so in verse 6. the Greeke translateth, all that consent unto him. This judgment God executed upon the Iewes; for this idolatrie, and their other sins: as he signified by his Prophet, that he would give their city Ierusalem into the hand of the Chaldeans, who should set fire upon it, and burne it with the houses, upon whose roofes they had burnt incense unto Baal, &c. Because they, their Kings, their Princes, their Priests, and their Prophets, and the men of Iudah, and the inhabitants of Ierusalem, had set their abhominati∣ons in the house which was called by his Name, to de∣file it; and built the high places of Baal, to cause their sonnes and their daughters to passe through (the fire) unto Molech, &c. therefore it should be delivered into the hand of the King of Babylon; by the sword and by the famine, and by the pestilence. Ier. 32. 28. 29. 32. 34. 35. 36.

Vers. 6. the soule] that is, as the Chaldee expoun∣deth, [unspec 6] the man. that turneth unto] or, looketh after; in Greeke followeth: meaning that consulteth with them, as Deut. 18. 11. familiar spirits] Targum Ionathan expoundeth it, them that aske of familiar spirits. Of these; and the wizards following (whom the Greeke calleth Inchanters,) see the an∣notations on Leviticus 19. 31. and Deuterono∣mie 18. 11. set my face] Hebr. give my face: in Chaldee, give mine anger against that man, and destroy him. This judgment was executed upon K. Saul, who dyed, for asking counsell of one that had a familiar spirit. 1 Chron. 10. 13. 1 Sam. 28.

Vers. 7. And] This may bee a reason of the for∣mer, [unspec 7] Therefore ye shall sanctifie your selves; by abstai∣ning from all evill, and doing good. be holy] or, be saints: for I am Iehovah, to weet, that sanctifi∣eth you, as vers. 8. or, for I am holy, as the Greeke ad∣deth, and as Moses wrote before, in Lev. 19. 2.

Vers. 9. For every man] or, any man: Hebr. man [unspec 9] man, meaning any whosoever, as vers. 2. And this is inferred upon the former precept, be holy: For, o∣therwise judgements abide you. curseth] or revileth; speaketh evill, as the Greeke translateth; which the holy Ghost approveth in Acts 23. 5. See the notes on Exodus 21. 17. or] He∣brew, and, which the Greeke translateth or; and so in Matthew 15. 4. For death was his due, if he cursed either of them, and they are distingui∣shed, to make him guilty for the one without the oth••r, as Chazkuni here explaineth it, and as Iarchi ad∣deth, though it be after his parents death. Whose curseth his father, or his mother; his Lamp shall be p••t∣out, in obscure darkenesse. Prov. 20. 20. his bloods shall be upon him] that is, his death shall be upon his owne head; for he hath caused it by his sinne. So the Greeke translateth, he shall be guilty: and the Chaldee, he is guilty (or worthy,) to be killed; so af∣ter often in this chapter. The manner of his death was stoning; as is noted, upon Exod. 21. 10. and as Moses after sheweth for the rebellious sonne, Deut. 21. 21. And it is observed as a generall 〈◊〉〈◊〉, by the Hebrew doctors. Every place where it is 〈◊〉〈◊〉 in the Law, they shall be put to death, THEIR BLOODS VPON THEM, it is meant, by stoning. Maimony Issureibiah, c. 1. s. 6, and Sol. Iarchi on Lev. 20. 9.

Vers. 10. that committeth adultery] the Greek ad∣deth in the second place, or that commits-adul〈…〉〈…〉ry [unspec] with his neighbours wife. It is expouuded in Deut. 22. 22. a woman maried to an husband. dye the death] the manner of their death, is not set downe, either here, or in Deuter. 22. 22. unlesse by that which is before and after, (for other unlawfull co∣pulations) we say it is meant stoning to death: as the man that lyeth with a beast, vers. 15. is to bee sto∣ned, because the wom••n for like beastlinesse is to be stoned, verse 16. The Pharisees which brought unto Christ a woman taken in adulterie, said, Moses commanded that such should be stoned, Ioh. 8. 4. 5. but whether that were this very case, is to bee con∣sidered. Also to lye with a bettothed woman,

the punishment was stoning, as for humbling his neighbours wife, Deut. 22. 24. Howbeit the latter Pharisees, say the adulterers death was Strangling: Maimony in Sanhedrin, chap. 15. sect. 13. And in another place, he openeth this and the other like ••••wes more fully, thus. Who so presumptuously com∣mitteth any of all the unlawfull copulations spoken of in the l••w, is guilty of cutting off, Levit. 18. 29. and if they doe it ignorantly, they are bound to bring the Sin∣offring appointed. And there be some of the Nakednes∣ses [that is, the unlawfull copulations] which deserve death by the Iudges; more then the cutting-off, which is meet for them all. Of those which are to be put to death by the Iudges, some are to dye by stoning, and some by burning, and some by strangling. And these are they that are put to death by stoning: He that lyeth with his mother, or with his fathers wife, or with his sonnes wife, which is called his daughter-in-law; he that lyeth with mankinde; or with a beast; and the woman that lyeth downe to a beast. And these are burnt to death; He that lyeth with his wives daughter, whiles his wife liveth; or with her daughters daughter; or with her sons daughter; or with his wives mother; or with her mothers mother; or with her fathers mother. He that lyeth with his daughter; or with his daughters daughter, or with his sons daugh∣ter. Thou hast no unlawfull copulation puni••hed with Strangling, but for lying with a mans wife onely, Levit. 20. 10. And the death which the Law speaketh of abso∣lutely, [that is, without naming what kinde of death it shal be,] is Strangling. And if she be a Priests daugh∣ter, she is burned, Levit. 21. 9. and he that lay with her, is strangled: and if shee be a betrothed maid, they are both of them stoned, Deuter. 22. 24. and wheresoever the Law saith, Their bloods upon them; that is by sto∣ning, For all other unlawfull copulations, there is cut∣ting-off onely; and not death by the Magistrate. There∣fore if there be witnesses and evidence, the Iudges are to beat them: for all that deserve cutting-off, are to be bea∣ten. Maimony in Issurei biah chap. 1. sect. 1.—7. Thus by their owne grant, this case is singular: and there is no other reason of the adulterers strangling, then the commanding of their death absolutely. A∣mong the heathens also, adulterie was punished with death, as the King of Babylon rosted Zedekiah and Ahab in the fire, because they committed adultery with their neighbours wives, &c. Ieremie 29. 22. 23. This sinne is a fire that consumeth to destruction, and will root out all a mans increase; Iob 31. 12. Hee that d〈…〉〈…〉h it, destroyeth his owne soule, Prov. 6. 32.

Vers. 11. their bloods upon them] that is, they shall be stoned: in Greeke, both of them are guilty; [unspec 11] and the Chaldee saith, worthy to be killed. So in the rest that follow.

Vers. 12. wrought] or, done confusion, which the Greeke translateth, have done-impiously. [unspec 12]

Vers. 13. like copulation with a woman] Hebr. [unspec 13] with the lyings (or copulations) of a woman: see Le∣vit. 18. 22.

Vers. 14. wickednesse] or, a wicked purpose: in [unspec 14] Chaldee counsell of sinnes: in Greeke, an unlawfull act. See Levit. 18. 17.

Vers. 17. impietie] or, reproach, ignominie, as the Greeke and Chaldee doe translate it. cut-off] [unspec 17] in Greeke, destroyed before the sonnes of their kinne: that is, soone and openly; to weet by the hand of God: and to be beaten by the Magistrate, as the Hebrewes say. See the notes on verse 10. his iniquitie] that is, the punishment due thereunto: as Gen. 19. 15.

Vers. 18. having her sicknesse] her menstrual-infir∣mitie, [unspec 18] for which she was separated as uncleane, even from her husband: therefore the Greeke transla∣teth it put-apart, and the Chaldee, uncleane. See the annotations on Levit. 12. 2. and 15. 19.—24. the fountaine] or well, figuratively so called, because of the issve, as in Levit. 12 7. The Greeke here in the first place, keepeth the metaphore, hee hath uncovered her fountaine, the Chaldee saith, her ignominie: in the second place, the Greeke transla∣teth, she hath uncovered the issue of her blood, where the Chaldee saith, the uncleannesse of her blood. The Holy Ghost also explaineth it so, for where it is said, in Marke 5. 29. the fountaine of her blood was dried up: an other Evangelist saith, her issue of blood stanched, Luke 8. 44. By the Hebrew doctors, the wombe wherein the childe is formed, is called the Foun∣taine. Maimony in Issureibiah, chap. 5. sect. 3. Ther∣fore also they exempt virgins from this pollution; as is noted on Levit. 15. 19. cut-off] in the Greek and Chaldee, destroyed; to weet by the hand of God, for presumptuous doing against this Law: Levit. 15. 31. and by the Magistrates, (if it were knowne,) she was beaten. Maimony in Issureibiah, chap. 1. sect. 22. And from the Law for washing her in Levit. 15. they teach, that the woman which hath her sicknesse, or hath an issue, or hath borne a∣childe, if shee wash not her selfe in water; who so lyeth with any one of them, though it be after many yeeres, is guilty of cutting-off. Maimony ibidem chap. 4. sect. 3. But those legall washings, figured our better clean∣sing by the blood of Christ, Esa. 4. 4. 1 Ioh. 1. 7.

Vers. 20. his aunt] which the Chaldee expoun∣deth [unspec 20] his uncles (or fathers-brothers) wife: see Le∣vit. 18. 14. childlesse] meaning either that God will give them no children, or soon take them away if he doe give them. For, by the Hebrew ca∣nons, the Magistrates might not put them to death, but beat them onely for this sinne. See the notes on verse 10.

Verse 21. shall be childlesse] the Greeke transla∣teth, [unspec 21] shall dye childlesse; as verse 20. Sol. Iarchi here∣upon noteth; Childlesse, meaneth, if he have children, he shall bury them; if he have no children, hee shall dye without children: therefore the scripture differeth, say∣ing (in verse 20.) they shall dye childlesse; and (in verse 21.) they shall be childlesse. They shall die childe∣lesse, if he have any at the time of transgression, he shall have none at his death, for he shall bury them whiles he liveth: they shall be childlesse, for if hee have none when he transgresseth, he shall be all his daies, as he now is.

Vers. 22. And] or, Therefore ye shall keepe. [unspec 22] spue] or, vomit you not out; which the Greeke and Chaldee turne, loathe, or abhorre you. See Levit. 18. 25. 26. 28.

Verse 23. nation] in Greeke, nations, in Chaldee, [unspec 23] peoples. amyrked] or, am grieved with, and con∣sequently doe abhorre them, as the Greeke transla∣teth it: and the Chaldee, my Word abhorreth them.

Thus also God was affected with Israel and com∣plained, Fortie yeeres I was yrked with that generation, Psal. 95. 10.

Vers. 24. milke and honey] that is, all good and [unspec 24] comfortable blessings; which were also figures of heavenly graces: see the notes on Exod. 3. 8. separated] in Greeke disparted (or disbounded) you from all the nations. Gods lawes are as a wall and hedge to keepe his people from the statutes and manners of the wicked. So Solomon said, Thou didst separate them to thy selfe for an inheritance; from all the peoples of the earth: 1 King. 8. 53.

Vers. 25. separate betweene the cleane beast] that is, [unspec 25] put difference, by eating the cleane and refraining from the uncleane: according to the Law in Levit. 11. which thing is here spoken of upon their sepa∣ration from the peoples, because their abstinence from uncleane beasts, figured their abstaining from the communion of uncleane peoples; as Act. 10. 12. 28. and as is shewed on Levit. 11. The He∣brewes say, this is mentioned after the unlawfull copulations aforesaid, because who so defileth him-selfe with them, degenerateth and is as it were transformed into the nature of uncleane beasts, &c. R. Menachem on Levit. fol. 151. for un∣cleane] that is, that you should count them unclean, and abstaine from them. The Greeke translateth, in uncleannesse.

Vers. 26. from the peoples] in Gre••ke, from all the [unspec 26] nations; as in verse 24. to be mine] or, to bee unto me: which the Chaldee interpreteth, to serve before me.

Vers. 27. familiar spirit] or spirit of divination: see [unspec 27] Levit. 19. 31. their bloods upon them] in Greeke, they are guiltie: in Chaldee, worthy to be killed. See before on verse 9.