Of the state of Europe XIIII. bookes. Containing the historie, and relation of the many prouinces hereof. Continued out of approved authours. By Gabriel Richardson Batchelour in Divinitie, and fellow of Brasen-Nose College in Oxford.

THE SIXTH BOOKE. (Book 6)

COntayning the Descriptions of the more noted Mountaines, the Riuers of Spaine. Their auncient, and moderne names. The more auncient limits, and names of Spaine. The first inhabi∣tants. The intrusion of the Celtae, Tyrians, Phocenses, Zacyn∣thij, and Rhodians. The first conquest hereof by the Carthagini∣ans. Their continuance, and the extent here of their empire. The dominion hereof, and conquest of the Romans. The Description, and Estate of Spaine during the government of the Romans, col∣lected out of Ptolemy, and the auncient Geographers. The Hi∣story, invasion, and conquests of the Vandals, Silingi, Alans, Suevians, and Gothes. The succession, dominion, and history of the Moores. The beginning, encrease, and vnion of the king∣domes, of Leon, Castille, Navarra, Aragon, and Portugal, with the Earledome of Barcelona. The present devision, names, and e∣state of Spaine, occasioned thorough these mutations.

THE MOVNTAINES OF SPAINE.

THE Land-markes whereof wee will make vse in the ensuing discourse are the Mountaines, and Rivers hereof.

The Mountainesa 1.1 may be distingui∣shed in 6 greater ridges continuate, and knit together, and whereof the rest are parts.

A first is the noted ridge of the Pyre∣nesb 1.2, common herevnto, and France, in∣habited by both Nations, & the boūds of both. They begin at the Promonto∣ry c 1.3 Oiarco, and Sea Cantabrique, and are continued from thence South-East betwixt the two kingdomes vntod 1.4 Cabo de Creux, and the Sea Mediterranean. Part hereof towards the Mediterranean, and land of Rus∣sillon

is called the Mountainee 1.5 Canigo. Other names, and distinctions we find not.

From these about Ronceval branch a second row of hills, coasting Westwards along the shoare of the Sea Cantabrique, and overspreading the countries of Guipuscoa, Biscay, and Asturia, vntill in Galitia, which they devide in the middest, at thef 1.6 Cape Finisterre they end with the auncient world. Pliny seemeth to call theseg 1.7 Iuga Asturum. Not vnfitly we may name them the Mountaines Cantabrian from their neighbour∣hood vnto that Sea. Guipuscoa, Biscay, Asturia, with part of Galitia, or the parts of Spaine, lying North hereof betwixt them, and the Ocean, are called by the natiues the Countries beyond the Mountaines. A more eminent top hereof is the Mountaineh 1.8 S^t Adrian, situated in the high roade to Baione, and France, cut through in the middest for the more easie passage of travellers; from whose top Vasaeus Brugensis repor∣teth that he saw both the Cantabrian, and Mediterranean Seas.

Out of those craggie hills towards the head of the riuer Ebro pro∣ceedeth a third ridge, which running directly South by the cities Burgos, Taradona, & Daroca, at length end at the Mediterranean, a litle West of the fall of the riuer Ebro. The whole was aunciently by Ptolemy,i 1.9 & Strabo named mons Idubeda. It is now called by diuerse names; neere vnto the towne of Burgosk 1.10, Monte D'oca; at the head of the riuer Due∣ro Sierra de Coçollo; neere to Taradona Montel 1.11 Moncaio; to Daroca Si∣erra Balbaniera; and at the sea Monte Moncia.

From Idubeda a little beneath Monte Moncaio ariseth a fourth banke of mountaines, which, first directing their course South-west by the townes Molina, and Cuença, afterwards at Segura, and Alcaroz doe part into two branches; the one extending to the towne of Muxacra, Murcia, and the Levant; the other passing through the kingdome of Granado along the coast of the Levant, vntill ending at the towne, and straights of Gibraltar. This whole ridge is namedm 1.12 Orospeda by Strabo. Ptolemy calleth part hereofn 1.13 Montem Illipulam, now the tract of the Alpuxarras. It now hath diverse names. Neere vnto the towne of Molina it is called Monte de Molina; to Cuença Monte de Cuença; to Al∣caraz Sierra de Alcaraz; to Segura Monte de Segura; to Granado Sierra Nevada; to Velez Malaga the Alpuxarras; and to Ronda Sierra de Ron∣da. The extreame point hereof aunciently namedo 1.14 Calpe, now the mountaine of Gibraltar, was one of thep 1.15 two famous pillars of Hercu∣les, the end and bounds of his labours; answered on the other side of the straights in Afrique by another like copped mountaine, called Abi∣la, which was the other pillar. The narrow Seas betwixt those two hills were named from hence Fretum Herculeum,q 1.16 now the straights of Gi∣braltar.

Out of Orospeda about the towne of Alcaraz brancheth the a fift mountaine, named by Ptolemyr 1.17 Mons Marianus, now Sierra Morena, which, running along the right shoare of the riuer Guadal∣quiver, still accompanieth the same vnto the Atlantique Ocean. The

part hereof from Alcaraz vnto Cordova was particularly named by Caesars 1.18 Saltus Castulonensis from the city Castulo, now Navas de To∣losa.

Neere vnto the Mountaine Moncaio, and the beginning of Orospeda, in the middest of a spacious plaine ariseth by degrees a sixt ridge of Mountaines, which keeping the riuer Taio continually vpon the left side, from the which it is neuer farre distant, first distinguisheth New Castille from the Old, then, deviding Portugal into two equall parts, at the towne of Sintra some 28 miles from Lisbona maketh the Pro∣montory aunciently called Lunaet 1.19 Montis Promontorium by Ptolemy, now Capo de S^t Gian. This long ridge is not now knowne by any one name, new or auncient, but onely by the names of such townes it passeth by; neere to the towne of Avila being called Monte de Avila; to Segovia Monte de Segovia; to Placenza Vera de Placenza. The part hereof in the kingdome of Castille was called by Pliny^u Iuga Carpetania;v 1.20 the part in Portugalx 1.21 Lunae Mons by Ptolemy.

THE RIVERS.

THe rivers for the most part issue out of those Mountainous tracts. The greater are the Ebro, Guadalquivir, Guadiana, Taio, Duero, & Minio.

Thea 1.22 Ebro ariseth with two heads out of the Cantabrian Mountaines, neere to the beginning of Monte D'oca, at the towne, which is named from hence Fuentibre. Passing from hence through the kingdomes of Navarra, and Aragon by the townes Tudela, Saragoça, and Tortosa, a li∣tle below this city deviding its streames, after the course of 460 miles it falleth into the Mediterranean. Chiefer riuers, which are hereinto receyved, are first out of the mountaines of the Pyrenesb 1.23 Arga rio, oc∣casioning the name of that kingdome, now confining the countries Aragonia, and Navarra. Gallego rio.c 1.24 Senga; andd 1.25 Segre. On the other side of the Ebro out of the mountaine Idubedae 1.26 Xalon rio.

Guadalquivirf 1.27 signifieth in the language of the Moores a great wa∣ter. It springeth out of Sierra de Alcaraz, part of Orospeda, not farre from the towne of Caçorla. Flowing through Andaluzia by the cities Cordova, and Sivilla, a litle from S^t Lucar de Barameda it is disburde∣ned into the Ocean. Chiefer streames, which empty hereinto, are Gua∣dalimar rio out of Sierra de Alcaraz; and Xenilg 1.28 out of the mountaines of Granado.

Guadianah 1.29 signifyeth in the same Moorish language the water A∣nas, the auncient name. It ariseth amongst the mountainous heapes of Orospeda in Campo de Montiel, neere vnto an obscure towne, named Cagnamares. Afterwards betwixt the townes Medelino, and Villaria it is hidden vnder ground for the space of ten miles. Deviding first E∣stemadura, then that country, & Portugal; betwixt Ayamonte, and Castro∣marin it is swallowed by the Ocean. There are not any riuers of ac∣compt, which are receiued into the channell hereof, although the course be very long; which hapneth thorough an extraordinarie dri∣nes

of the neighbouring Countries.

Thea 1.30 Taio streameth out of Orospeda about 6 miles from a litle towne called Tragaçet, not farre from Cuença. Through New Castille, & Portugall, and by the cities Toledo, and Lisbona at Cascais it falleth into the Ocean. Of the famous gold hereof is made theb 1.31 Scepter of the kings of Portugal. Chiefer riuers flowing hereinto are Henares, and Guadarae∣ma, both of them issuing out of the Mountaines of Castille.

Dueroc 1.32 ariseth out of the Sierra de Coçollo, part of Idubeda, not farre from the towne of Soria, and the ruines of the auncient Numantia. It first directeth its streames towards the South, but, meeting with the Mountaines of Castille it diverteth to the West; whence carrying along all the riuers of Castillia la Veia, and Leon, and passing through Portu∣gall, a litle below the towne of Porto it is disburdened into the At∣lantique. This is thought to containe a greater quantity of waters then the Taio doth; although straitned within a more narrow channell (flowing for the most part amongst hills, and mountaines) it seemeth lesser. It is neither by reason of the swift current so navigable as the other. Chiefer riuers emptied hereinto ared 1.33 the Pisverga, and Termes.

Thee 1.34 riuer Minio springeth out of the Alpes of Galitia at Castel∣verde some 6 miles vpon the North of Lugo. Meeting with the river Avia at the towne of Valentia, then deviding Galitia, and Portugall, it is emptied into the Westerne Ocean not farre from Baiona.

Other rivers, hauing immediate entercourse with the Ocean, are first in Cataloniaf 1.35 Lobregat, andg 1.36 Francolino: in the countrey of Va∣lentia Guadilivarh 1.37, andi 1.38 Xucar: in the kingdome of Granado Guadal∣quivireio, and Guadalantin: in Andaluzia Guadalethe: in Portugal be∣twixt Guadiana, and the Taiok 1.39 Palma: betwixt the Taio, and Due∣ro l 1.40 Mondego: betwixt the Duero, and Minio, the riuerm 1.41 Limia, the famousn 1.42 Lethe of the auncient Poets. There are not any riuers of note receiued into the Cātabriā Sea, stopped by the intervening of the lōg mountainous ridge, before mentioned, drawne from Ronceval of the Pyrenes vnto Cabo Finisterre, and coasting along that shoare. Those which be, of short courses, and falling from that banke of Mountaines, are the riuer Mearo, now deviding Galitia, and Asturia: in Biscaia I∣baisabellum, vpon which standeth the rich towne of Bilbao: and in Guipuscoa Gurvinea rio, the riuer of the port of S^t Sebastian. Here is also the Vidosa springing out of the Pyrenean Mountaines, and at Fuentarabia bounding this kingdome, and France. The most part of those of the South, lying betwixt the Guadiana, and Ebro haue the Punique word Guadi prefixed; an argument of the long, and setled a∣bode of the Moores in those parts. None of these riuers are verie deepe, and navigable, vsually spreading too wide, and through the naturall drought of the Country, scanted of waters; besides vneven, and vncertaine.

Marinaeus Siculus reckneth the whole nūber to be 150 ofo 1.43 al sorts.

DIVERS NAMES OF SPAINE.

THE more ancient Greeke Authours haue named this Countrey a 1.44 Iberia, either from the noted riuer Iberus, (which is most proba∣ble,) or from the Iberi, a people of Asia, neighbouring to the Caspian Sea, related by Pliny with the Persians sometimes to haue come into those parts. By others also wee finde it sometimes calledb 1.45 Celtiberia from the more warlike and famous nation of the Celtiberi; likewise Hesperia,c 1.46 from the Evening starre, and its more Westerne situation. The latter Greekes, and generally all the Latines call itd 1.47 Hispania, or Spaine, (a name which to this day it retaines,) if we may beleeue Iustin, from e 1.48 Hispanus, once king hereof, not to trouble you with more difficult, and further fetcht Etymologies, and alike vncertaine.

ANCIENT BOVNDS.

THE Bounds hereof haue still beene the same; environed vpon three sides with the Ocean, and on the part towards the Continent of Europe, walled from the Province of Gaule, or France, with the long ridge of the Pyrenean mountaines, extended betwixt the Mediterranean, and Cantabrique Seas.

SPAINE VNDER THE FIRST NATIVES.

THE* 1.49 first rule, and dominion hereof was vnder the natiue Spani∣ards, (for we reade not any former name of inhabitants) after the manner of all barbarous Nations, shared amongst many lesser, and obscure Princes. Amongst these wee finde mention in Macrobius of one The∣ron, king of the hither Spaine: in Herodotus of Arganthonius; and in Iustin of Gargoris, and Habis, kings of Tartessus: of Mandonius, and Indi∣bilis in Plutarch in the life of the great African: of Luceyus, Prince of the Celtiberians, in the same Authour. Concerning other memories hereof in regard of their exceeding antiquity, and the rudenes of those first times little is related; or whereunto safe credit may bee giuen.

The first intrusion of forreine Nations.

OF stranger nations the first intruding here amōgst, were the* 1.50 Celtae, Tyrians, Phocenses, Zacynthij, & Rhodij; the occasion of whose des∣cent hither we haue before pointed at. The first arriuall of the Tyrians, Strabo setteth downe to haue hapned before the age of Homer: Ma∣riana (I know not from what more ancient authority,) about the foundation of the City of Carthage, brought hither by Sichaeus, hus∣band to Queene Dido. The comming of the other is more vncertain.

From the Celtae, the warlike Celtiberi, Calaeci, and Celtici, were descen∣ded. By the Phocenses, a colony of the Massillians, the city Emporiae, and Dianium were founded. By the Zacynthij, the famous Saguntum. By the Rhodians (as is thought) the city Rhodope. By the Tyrians, Gades. Strabo relateth in his third booke the most part in his time of the townes of Turdetania, and of the neighbouring Sea-coasts, to haue been colonies of this People.

The conquest-hereof by the Carthaginians.

THE* 1.51 first, who vpon an ambitious desire of attayning greater domi∣nion, and Empire invaded this Province, were the Carthaginians. Re∣pulsed from Sicily and other Ilands of the Levant about the yeare of Rome 132, and bending their forces towards the West, they first tooke in here the Iland of Ebusa, belonging to this Continent. About the yeare 236, invited by the Tyrians, inhabiting Gades, to their aid against the neighbouring Spaniards, turning their faithlesse armes here against they dispossessed them of that famous city and Iland. By their cap∣taines Himilco, and Hanno in the yeare 307, by force and subtilty they got seazed of the Ilands of the Baleares. Vnder Hamilcar, father to the great Hannibal, about the yeare of Rome 516, first to any purpose at∣tempting vpon the Continent, they conquered Betica, together with the Bastetani, and Contestani vpon the same shore of the Levant. By Hasdru∣bal, succeeding hereunto in the government, they enlarged their con∣quests, (the city of the Saguntines excepted,) as farre as the Ebro. By Hannibal, successour vnto Hasdrubal, (Saguntum taken, and the Carpeta∣ni, Ilergetes, Ausetani, and other barbarous people subdued,) they ex∣tended the same vnto the Pyrenaean Mountaines, stretching vpon the o∣ther side Westwards vnto the straights of Hercules; Lusitania, and the more Northerne parts excluded, remaining yet free, and not conquered by forreine power till afterwards. By the fortune of the second Pu∣nique warre in the 14 yeare thereof, they quite abandoned and lost this Province, driuen out by the valiant P. Scipio, from his greater victo∣ries, afterwards surnamed the African, some 416 yeares after their first taking of Ebusa, and about 32 yeares since their invasion and conquest of the Continent by Hamilcar, leauing the same, and their other hopes herein to the more fortunate and better succeeding Romans.

By the Romans.

THE* 1.52 occasion of the first attempts of this Nation hereupon, was their like ambition of greater dominion, together with their jealousie of the Carthaginian greatnes, whose conquests here, and dayly en∣croachings they much feared; the joint cause hereof, and of the second Punique warre. Vnder Cn: and Pub: Scipio brethren, pretending the aide hereof, and the revenge of their confederates the Saguntines,

iniuriously warred vpon, and sacked by Hannibal, in the yeare of Rome 534, and about the beginning of that warre they first set footing herein; after many victories, both of them diasterously here slaine by the armes of the Carthaginians, and treason of the Celti∣berians. Vnto these with much better fortune succeeded in the Procon∣sulship, and warre hereof in the yeare of Rome 543 Publius Scipio the African, son to the other Pub: Scipio before named, whose valour, or chance it was vtterly to expell here-hence the Carthaginians, and to make way for the Romane greatnes; by the issue of this warre partly made subject to the Empire hereof, and partly won vnto their friend∣ship, and confederacy. Occasioned by the sundry after warres, tumults, and rebellions of the fierce and warlike people of the Celtiberi, Nu∣mantini, Lusitani, Celtici, Calaeci, Astures, Cantabri and others, several∣ly tamed, and brought vnder by their Captaines, and Leiftenants Cato Censorinus, Gracchus, the Metelli, Lucullus, Decimus Brutus, Fabius, Scipio Numantinus, Pompey, and Augustus Caesar, (for together to the ruine of the whole they neuer consented in any warre) after aboue 200 yeares resistance they at length conquered the whole, not fully quieted, and reduced into the order of a Province vntill Augustus; the first people of the Continent (the Italians excepted) in part subdued herevnto, and almost the last totally and fully conquered, & brought vnder their lawes, and government. The whole time the Romans com∣manded here, accompting from Scipio African vnto Eurycus King of the Visi-Gothes, by whom they were quite expulsed, was about 700 yeares; gouerned by their Proconsuls, Praetors, Rectors, Vicarii, & other names of Magistrates, according as the times, and policy of the Em∣pire changed.

THE DESCRIPTION OF SPAINE VN∣DER THE ROMANS.

THE* 1.53 first devision, which we finde hereof during those first times, was into the hither, and the further Spaine, the riuer Ebro bounding those two parts; afterwards this bound set further West∣wards, and the hither Spaine contayned betwixt it, and the Pyrenaean mountaines, and the further Spaine lying beyond. Augustus Caesar subdividing the further Spaine, first distinguished the whole into 3 parts, or Provinces, the hither Spaine, otherwise more commonly called Tarraconensis, from the city Tarraco; and Baetica; & Lusitania, the parts of the further Spaine, a devision afterwards obserued through the Em∣pire vntill the raigne of the Emperour Constantine the great; the exacter bounds whereof with their people & cities, as they were in those times, I haue inserted out of Ptolemy, as followeth, with reference to Strabo, Pliny, and other auncient Geographers.

BAETICA.

SO called* 1.54 from the river Betis, now Guadalquivir, passing through the same. The bounds hereof were the Sea extended from the more Easterne branch of the river Anas vnto the towne of Murgis, neere the Promontory Charidemum: the riuer Anas, deviding it from Lusi∣tania, and a line drawne from the Anas over land vnto the said Towne of Murgis, parting it from Tarraconesis. Mariana beginneth this line from the riuer Anas, or Guadiana, where now standeth the towne of Almagro, continuing the same ouer Navas de Tolosa vnto the fore∣named towne of Murgis, and the sea Mediterranean. It contayneth at this day the countries of Granado, and Andaluzia, with part of Estre∣madura, & Portugal.

The people hereof were the Bastuli Paeni (the Bastuli of Strabo,) now the Sea-coasts of Andaluzia, and Granado from the straights of Gibraltar vnto the Promontory de Gates. Their cities were Menralia, now Begorra de Melana. Traducta. Barbesola, (Barbesula of Pliny, and Mela.) Carteia, (Carteia of Pliny, Strabo, and Mela, and Calpe Carteia of Antoninus, situated betwixt Malaca, and Gades) now Algeriza. Suea, now Chipiona. Malaca, (Malaca of Strabo, Mela, & Antoninus, & Suel Malaca of Pliny) now Malaga. Menoba (Maenoba of Strabo, & Me∣noba of Pliny, and Antoninus in the way betwixt Malaca, and Ca∣stulo.) Sex (Sexi Firmum, surnamed Iulium of Pliny, and Sexitanum of Antoninus in the way betwixt Castulo and Malaca) now Velez Malaga. Selambina (Selambina of Pliny) now Selabrenna. Extentio. Abdara (Abdera of Pliny, founded by the Carthaginians, Abdera, built by the Phenicians after Strabo) now Almeria. Portus Magnus. and Baria, now Barria.

The Turduli, (Turduli of Strabo, Turduli, part of Baeturia, after Pliny) now the rest of Granado, with part of Andaluzia within the land towards Tarraconensis: whose cities were Setia (Sitia of Pliny.) Illurgis (Illiturgi, surnamed Forum Iulium, of Pliny, Illiturgis of An∣toninus, in the way betwixt Castulo, and Corduba,) now Anduxar, a village towne distant about halfe a Spanish league from Iaen. Vogia. Calpurniana, now Carpio. Caecilla. Baniana. Corduba (Corduba of Strabo, Mela, and Antoninus, and Corduba, a Roman Colony, su∣named Patritia by Pliny,) now Cordova. Iulia (Iulia of Pliny, & Stra∣bo,) now Belia. Obulcum (Obulco of Strabo, and Obulco, surnamed Pontificense, of Pliny,) now Porcunna. Arcilacis, now Alcala-horra. Detunda. Murgis (Murgis, the end of Baetica, after Pliny, and Mur∣gis of Antoninus, in the way betwixt Castulo & Malaca,) now Muxa∣cra. Salduba (Salduba of Pliny, and Mela) now Vbeda. Tucci (Tucis of Strabo, Tucci, surnamed Augusta Gemella, of Pliny, and Tucci of Antoninus, in the way betwixt the mouth of the river Anas, and E∣merita.) Sala. Balda. Ebora (Ebura, surnamed Cerealis, of Pliny.) O∣noba (Onoba of Strabo, Onoba Martialum of Pliny, and Onoba of Antoninus in the way betwixt Emerita, and the mouth of the riuer A∣nas.)

Illipula magna (Illipula, surnamed Laus, of Pliny, Illipula, vpon the river Baetis, of Strabo.) Selia. Vescis. Escua, (Escua of Pliny.) Arti∣gis, (Artigi, surnamed Iulienses of Pliny, Artigi of Antoninus in the way betwixt Corduba and Emerita,) now Alhama. Calicula. Lacibis, (Lacibi of Pliny.) Sacilis, (Sacili of Pliny) now Alcorrucen. Laccippo (Laccippo of Pliny.) Illiberis (Iliberi surnamed Iulienses of Pliny,) standing sometimes vpon the hill Elvire neere vnto the citie of Gra∣nado. Mnesthei Portus (Mnesthei Portus of Strabo) now El Puerto de S. Maria. Belon (Bello of Mela, Belon of Pliny, Belo of Strabo, and Belo of Antoninus, in the way betwixt Malaca & Gades) now Tarif.

The Turditani (the Turditani of Strabo) contayning now in a manner the rest of Andaluzia, with the part of Estremadura, lying to∣wards Portugal: whose townes were Canaca. Seria, (Seria of Pliny.) Osca (Osca of Pliny.) Caeriana. Vrium. Illipula, (Ilipula minor of Pliny.) Setida. Ptucci. Sala. Nebrissa, (Nebrissa of Strabo, and Nebrissa, surna∣med Venerea inter Baetis aestuaria, of Pliny) now Le-brixa. Vgia. Asta (A∣sta Regia of Pliny, and Strabo, & Asta of Antoninus, in the way be∣twixt Gades and Corduba,) now Xeres de la Frontera. Corticata. Lelia. Italica (Italica of Strabo, Ilipa surnamed Italica of Pliny, and Italica of Antoninus, 6. m. frō Hispalis) now Sevilla la Veia. Maxilua. Vcia. Carissa, (Carisa, surnamed Aurelia, of Pliny) now Carina. Calduba. Caesula. Sagun∣tia (Saguntia of Pliny) now Giconça. Asindū (Asido Caesariana of Pli∣ny) now Medina Sidonia. Nertobriga, now Valera Ar-monta. Contribu∣ta (Contributa of Pliny, and Contributa of Antoninus in the way betwixt the mouth of the Anas, and Emerita.) Rhegina. Cursus. Miro∣briga (Mirobrica of Pliny.) Spoletinum. Laepa magna. Hispalis (Hispalis of Strabo, & Mela, and Hispalis Colonia, surnamed Romulensis, of Pliny) now Sevilla. Obucola, (Obulcula of Pliny, and Obucula of An∣toninus, in the way betwixt Hispalis, & Emerita.) Oleastrum, (Olea∣trum of Strabo, & Oleastro of Pliny) now Oleatro. Vrbona. Baesippo, (Be∣sippo of Mela, & Baesippo of Antoninus in the way betwixt Malaca, and Gades.) Fornacis. Arsa, (Arsa of Pliny.) Asyla. Astygis (Astygi co∣lonia, surnamed Augusta Firma of Pliny, Astygi of Mela, and Astygi of Antoninus, seated betwixt Hispalis, and Cordova,) now Eceia. and Charmonia (Carmon of Strabo, and Carmon of Antoninus, seated be∣twixt Hispalis & Emerita.

The Celtici of Pliny, now the part of Estremadura, confining vpon Portugal: whose townes were, Aruci (Arucci of Plinie.) Arunda (A∣runda of Pliny.) Curgia; Acinipo (Acinippo of Pliny.) and Vama.

Pliny addeth amongst the Bastuli Paent the townes Ossonoba, surna∣med Lusturia, Interfluentes. Luxia. Vrium. and Mellaria (Mellaria of Strabo, and Mela, and Mellaria of Antoninus in the way betwixt Ma∣laca & Gades.) Amongst the Bastitani Segeda, surnamed Augurina. Vir∣gao, surnamed Alba (Vergi in the bay Vergitanus after Mela) now Vera. Singilia, now Antiqueria. Hegua. Arialdunum. Aglaminor. Baebro. Castra Vinaria. Episibrium. Hipponova. Illurco. Succubo. and Nuditanum. In the resort of Corduba, Ossigi, surnamed Laconicum. Ipasturgi, surnamed Triumphale. Ripepora Faederatorum. Corbulo. and Decuma. In the resort

of Hispalis, Osset, surnamed Iutia Constantia. Celtica. Axatiara. Vergen∣tum. and Colobona. In the resort of Astigi, Attubi, surnamed Claritas Iulia. Vrso, surnamed Genua Vrbanorum, (Vrso of Strabo) now Ossuna. Munda (Munda of Strabo) now Munda. Ostippo (Ostippo of Antoni∣nus, in the way betwixt Gades, & Corduba.) Callet. Castra Gemina. Merucra. Sacrana. Oningis. Vertobrige. Concordia Iulia. Laconimur∣gi. Constantia Iulia. Turobrica. Lastigi. Alpesa. Saepona. and Serippo. And in the resort of Gades, Vlia. Vrgia, surnamed Castrum Iulium. Besaro; with others, whose present names, & places we finde not. Strabo ad∣deth Apetua. Astenas. and Luciferi Fanum, now S. Lucar de Barrameda. The whole number of townes after Pliny amounted to 175 of all sorts: amongst which were foure iuridicall resorts, Gades, Corduba, Asty∣gi, and Hispalis; 8 Roman colonies; 8 Roman Municipia; 29 enjoying the rights of the auncient Latines; 6 free townes; and 120 Stipendiaries. The part lying betwixt the riuer Anas, & Baetis he more particularly nameth Baeturia, distinguished into Baeturia Celtica (surnamed thus from the Celtici,) which was the part adjoyning to Lusitania; and Baeturia Turdulorum, ••ying neere to Tarraconensis, surnamed thus from the people of the Turduli.

LVSITANIA.

THus* 1.55 named from the chiefe inhabitants the Lusitani. The bounds hereof were the riuer Anas, common herevnto, and Baetica; the O∣cean, intercepted betwixt the Anas, and Duero; the Duero, deviding it from the Callaici Bracarenses; and a line from the Duero vnto the Anas, parting it from Tarraconensis. Mariana draweth this line from the confluence of the Duero, & Pisuerga, by Puente de Arcibispo (a noted bridge over the Taio) vnto that part of the Anas, where sometimes dwelt the Oretani, and called now Comarcha de Almagro. It compre∣hendeth now the part of the kingdome of Portugal betwixt the Guadia∣na; & Duero; with parts of Estremadura, and the two Castiles.

The people were the Turditani (a 1.56 Turduli Veteres, called otherwise the Barduli, and Tapori, after Pliny,) continuate with those of Baetica, lying on both sides the Promontory Sacrum from the Anas vnto the ri∣ver Tagus, and contayning now the kingdome of Algarue, with part of the true Portugal vnto that riuer: whose cities were Balsa (Balsa of Pli∣ny, and Balsa of Antoninus, seated in the way from Estris vnto Pax Iulia,) now Tavilla. Ossonoba (Ossonoba of Pliny, and Ossonoba of Antoninus,) now Gibraleon, or Faro. Salacia (Salacia of Pliny, and Sa∣lacia of Antoninus, in the way betwixt Olisipon & Emerita) now Se∣tunel. Caetobrix. Pax Iulia (Pax of Pliny, and Pax Iulia of Antoninus) now Beia, or Badaios; and Iulia Myrtilis (Myrtylis of Pliny.)

The Celtici (Celtici of Strabo) continuate likewise with those of Baetica, and comprehending now part of the true Portugal betwixt the riuers Palma, and Taio: whose cities were Lancobriga (Langobriga of Antoninus.) Piana. Braetoleum. Mirobrica (Mirobrigenses of Pliny, Mi∣robriga of Antoninus, in the way betwixt Emerita, and Caesaraugusta)

Arcobriga, now Alcaçor. Meribriga (Merobrica of Pliny.) Catraleucos. Turres Albae; and Arundae (Arunditani of Pliny.

The Lusitani, particularly so called; containing now Portugal be∣twixt the riuer Taio, and Duero, with part of Estremadura, and New Ca∣stile: whose cities were Oliosipon (Olisipon of Antoninus, Olysippo, sur∣named Faelicitas Iulia of Pliny,) now Lisbona. Lavara; now Avero. A∣ritium (Aritium Praetorium of Antoninus, in the way betwixt Oliosi∣pon and Emerita.) Selium (Sellium of Antoninus, in the way betwixt Oliosipon, and Bracara Augusta.) Elcoboris. Araducta. Verurium. Vella∣dis. Aminium. Chretina. Arabriga. Scabaliscus (Scalabis, surnamed Prae∣sidium Iulium of Pliny, and Scalabis of Antoninus, in the way betwixt Oliosipon, and Bracara Augusta.) now Trugillo, or Santaren. Tacubis. Concordia (Concordienses of Pliny.) Talabriga (Talabrica of Antoni∣nus, in the way from Oliosipon to Bracara Augusta.) Rusticana, now Cuidad Rodrigo. Menteculia. Carium (Caurenses of Pliny) now Coria. Turmogum. Burdua. Colarnum (Colarni of Pliny.) Salaecus. Amaea (Am∣mienses of Pliny.) Norba Casarea (Norba Caesariana of Pliny) now Al∣cantara. Licinniana. Augusta Emerita (Augusta Emerita of Pliny, and Strabo, Emerita of Antoninus, Emerita the chiefest city in Lusitania after Mela,) now Merida. Evandria, Evandriata of Antoninus, in the way from Oliosipon to Emerita; now Caçeres. Geraea. Caecilia Gemelliana, Ca∣stra Caecilia of Antoninus, in the way from Emerita to Caesaraugusta; now S. Maria de Guadalupe. and Capasa.

The Vettones, Vettones of Strabo; now part of Leon, & Castillia la Veia: whose cities were Lancia opidana, Lancienses of Pliny. Cottaeobriga. Sal∣mantica, Salmantica of Antoninus, in the way betwixt Emerita, and Caesaraugusta; now Salamança. Augustobriga, Augustobrigenses of Pliny, and Augustobriga of Antoninus, in the way from Emerita to Caesarau∣gusta. Ocellum, Ocelenses of Pliny, and Ocellum Duri of Antoninus, in the way from Emerita to Caesaraugusta. Capara, Caperenses of Pliny. Manliana. Laconimurgi. Deobriga. Obila. and Lama.

Pliny addeth the Pesuri; and of townes Conimbrica (Conimbrica of Antoninus, in the way from Oliosipon to Bracara,) now Condexa, neere Coimbre. Minium. Colippo. Eburo. Castra Iulia. Ebora, surnamed Liberalitas Iulia (Ebora of Antoninus in the way from Oliosipon to Emerita,) now Ebora; with others, whose places are lost. The whole number of townes he putteth downe to be 45, amongst which were one Roman Municipium (Olysippo;) 5 Roman Colonies (Emerita Augusta, Pax Iu∣lia, Norba Caesarea, Metallinensis, and Scalabis;) three free townes of the anci∣ent Latines, (Ebora, Myrtilis, and Salacia;) and 36 Stipendiaries, divided amongst 3 iuridicall resorts of Emerita, Pax Iulia, and Scalabis.

TARRACONENSIS.

NAmed thus* 1.57 from Tarraco, now Taragona, sometimes the chiefe ci∣ty. The bounds hereof were the lines before described, dividing it from Baetica, together with the Pyrenaean mountaines from France. It contained all the rest of Spaine; at this day the Countreyes of Galitia, Asturia, Biscaia, Olava, Guipuscoa, Murcia, the greatest parts of the two Castiles, la Veia, and la Nueva, Portugal betwixt the riuers Duero, and Mi∣nio, Navarra, and the kingdome of Aragon.

The people were the Callaici Braecarij, surnamed thus from the city Braecara (Callaici, Callaeci, and Gallaeci of Strabo, and Bracari of Pli∣ny,) comprehending now the part of the kingdome of Portugal, lying betwixt the riuers Minio, and Duero: whose Cities were Braecaria Au∣gusta (Braecara of Antoninus,a 1.58 Bracae of Pliny, a iuridicall resort) now Braga. Calodunum (Calodunum of Antoninus, in the way from Bra∣cara to Austrica.) Pinetus (Pinetum of Antoninus, in the way betwixt Bracara, and Asturica.) Complutica (Complutica of Antoninus, in the same way from Bracara to Asturica.) Tuntobriga. Aradu••a. Aquae ••••cae Tu∣rodorum. Velobriga Nemetanorum. Caeliobriga Caelerinorum, now Bergan∣ca. Forum Bibalorum. Forum Limicorum. Tude Gruiorum,b 1.59 Castellum Ty∣de of Pliny, now Tui. Merva Luancorum. Aquae Cuacernorum. Cambae∣tum Lubaenorum; and Forum Narbasorum.

The Callaici Lucenses, so surnamed from the city Lucus, now Lugo; containing Galitia, with part of Asturia de Oviedo, and divided from the Callaici Braecarij by the riuer Minio: whose cities were Flavium Brigan∣tium (Brigantium of Antoninus, seated in the way by the Sea-coasts from Bracara to Asturica;) now Corunna. Burum. Olina, now Molina Vae∣ca. Libunca. Pintia, now Cheroga. Caronium. Turuptiana. Glandomirum, (Glandomirum of Antoninus, in the same way by the Sea-coasts from Bracara to Asturica) now Mondonedo. Ocelum. Turriga. Iria Flavia in Caporis, now Padron Claudiomerium. Novium. Lucus Augusti (c 1.60 Lu∣cus of Pliny, a iuridicall resort suited by 16 people, & Lucus Augusti of Antoninus, in the way by the Sea-coasts betwixt Bracara and Astu∣rica) now Lugo. Aquae Calidae in Cilinis (Aquicaldenses of Pliny, and A∣quae Celeniae of Antoninus, in the way by the Sea-coasts from Bracara to Asturica) now Orense. Dactonium in Lemavis. Flavialambris in Baedyis. Talamina. and Aquae Quintianae in Seuris.

The Astures, East of the Callaici Lucenses (Astures of Strabo, and Astu∣res of Pliny, comprehending 12 people, and diuided into the 2 general names of the Augustani, and Transmontani, whereof part were the Gi∣guri, Pesici, Lancienses, and Zoelae) containing now the rest of Asturia de Oviedo, with the Country of Leon. Their cities were Lucus Asturum, now Oviedo. Laberis. Interamnium (Interamnium Flavium of Antoninus, in the way betwixt Bracara & Asturica.) Argenteola (Argentiolum of An∣toninus, in the way betwixt Bracara, & Asturica.) Langiati. Maliaca. Gigia. Bergidum Flavium. Germanica Legio Septima (Legio Septima

Gemina of Antoninus) now Leon. Brigaetium Brigaecinorum. Bedunia Be∣dunensium. Intercatia Orniacorum (Intercatia of Polibius in Strabo, and Intercatia of Antoninus, in the way by the Cantabrians from Asturica to Caesaraugusta.) Pelontium Lungonum Nardinium Selinorum. Peta∣vonium Supereriatiorum (Petavonium of Antoninus, in the way from Bracara to Asturica.) Asturica Augusta (Asturica of Antoninus, Asturica, a magnificent citie after Pliny) now Astorga Nemetobriga Tiburorum (Nemetobriga of Antoninus, in the way from Bracara to Asturica;) and Formm Egurrorum (Forum of Antoninus in the way from Bracara to Asturica.)

The Paesici, (Paesici of Pliny, part of the Astures) now Asturia San∣tillana: whose city was Flavionavia, now S. Anderos.

The Cantabri, East of the Astures (Regio Cantabrorum of Pliny, and Cantabri of Strabo:) whose cities were Coucana. Otaviolca. Argeno∣mescum. Vadinia, now Victoria. Camarica. Iuliobriga (Iuliobrica of Pli∣ny,) now Logronno; & Moraeca.

The Murbogi, adjoyning to the Cantabri: whose cities were Braum, now Burgos. Sisaraca. Deobrigula, Deobricula of Antoninus, in the way from Asturica to Tarraco. Ambisna; & Setisacum.

The Autrigones, East of the Murbogi, & Cantabri: whose cities were Flaviobriga, Flaviobriga colonia of Pliny, where now Bilbao. Vxama∣barca. Segisamonculum, Segisamon of Antoninus, in the way from Astu∣rica to Tarraco; now Segura. Viruesca, Virouesca of Antoninus in the same way Antecuia. Deobriga, Deobriga of Antoninus, in the same way betwixt Asturica, & Tarraco. Vindelia; & Salionca.

The Varduli vpon the sea Cantabrique, the Varduli of the resort of Clunia, contayning 14 people after Pliny, and the Bardyali, & Bardi∣etae, of Strabo: whose cities were Menosca; now Vramea. Gaballa. Ge∣balaeca. Tulonium, Tullonium of Antoninus, in the way from Asturica to Burdegala. Alba, Alba of Antoninus, in the same way. Segontia Parami∣ca, Segontia of Antoninus, in the way from Emerita to Caesaraugusta. Tritium Tuboricum, Tritium of Antoninus, in the way from Asturica to Burdegala; & Thabuca.

The Caristi, vpon the same shore of the sea Cantabrique: wherein were the townes Suestasium. Tullica; & Velia.

These 5 last were all parts of the generall name of the Cantabri, and together comprehended now the countries of Biscaia, Guipuscoa, and Olava, with part of Castillia la Veia.

The Vascones, Vascones of Strabo, & Pliny; now Navarra, with part of Guipuscoa: whose cities were Easo; now Fuentarabia, or neere there∣vnto. Pompelon, Pompelonenses of Pliny, Pompelona 1.61 of Strabo, Pompe∣lon of Antoninus, in the way from Asturica to Burdegala; now Pam∣pelona. Iturissa. Dituris. Andelus. Nemanturista. Curnovium. Iacca; now Iaca. Gracuris; now Agreda. Calagorina, Calaguris of Strabo, Calaguri∣tani, surnamed Fibularenses, of Pliny, and Calagurris of Antoninus, in the way betwixt Narbo in Gaule & Legio 7 Gemina; now Calahorra. Bascontum. Ergaula. Tarraga, Tarragenses of Pliny. Muscaria. Setia; and Alavona.

The Vaccaei Vaccaei of Strabo, in the inland, adjoyning to the Cal∣laici Braecarij, and contayning now the greatest part of Castillia la Veia: whose cities were Bergiacis. Intercatia, Intercatia of Antoninus, in the way from Asturica by Cantabria to Caesarugusta. Viminacium, Vimi∣nacium of Antoninus, in the way from Asturica to Burdegala. Porta Augusta. Antraca. Lacobriga, Lacobricenses of Pliny, and Lacobriga of Antoninus, in the way from Asturica to Tarraco. Avia. Sepontia. Pa∣ramica. Gella, Albocella. Rauda. Segisama Iulia, Segisameiensienses of Pliny, Segisama of Polybius in Strabo, and Segisamon of Antoninus, in the way from Asturica to Tarraco; now Tordesillas. Palantia, Pallen∣tini of Pliny, Pallantia amongst the Arevacae of Strabo, Pallantia of Mela, & Palantia of Antoninus, in the way from Asturica to Tarraco; now Palentia Eldana, now Puennas. Gougium; now Cabecon. Cauca, Cauca of Antoninus, in the way from Emerita to Caesaraugusta. Octodurum. Pintia, Pintia of Antoninus, in the way from Asturica by the Canta∣brians vnto Caesaraugusta; now Vallidolid. Sentica, Sentice of Antoni∣nus in the way from Emerita to Caesaraugusta; now Camora. & Sarabris.

The Carpetani, South of the Vaccaei and Arevacae, Carpetani of Stra∣bo, and Carpetani of Pliny; contayning now the greatest part of Castil∣lia la Nueva; whose cities were Ilurbida. Etelesta. Ilaccuris. Varada. Thermada. Tituacia. Mantua; now Madrid. Toletum, Toletani of Pli∣ny, and Toletum of Antoninus, in the way from Emerita vnto Caesar∣augusta; now Toledo. Complutum, Complutenses of Pliny, and Complu∣tum of Antoninus, in the way from Emerita vnto Caesaraugusta; now Alcala de Henares. Cara••ca; now Guadalajara. Libora; now Talavera. Ispi∣num. Met••rcosa. Barnacis. Alternia. Paterniana; now Pastrana. Rigusa. and Laminium, Laminitani of Pliny, and Laminium of Antoninus, in the way by Lusitania from Emerita vnto Caesaraugusta.

The Oretani, South of the Carpetani, and Celtiberi, Oretani of Strabo, a 1.62 and Oretani, surnamed Germani, of Pliny; comprehending now part of Castillia la Nueva, and Andaluzia: whose cities were Salaria, Salaria of Pliny. Sisapona, Sisapon of Strabo, and Sisapon of Antoninus, in the way by Lusitania from Emerita vnto Caesaraugusta. Oretum Germanorum, Orid of Strabo; where now is the chappell called Nuestra Sennora'd Oreto neere the towne of Calatrava. Aemiliana. Mirobriga, Mirobriga of Antoninus in the way by Lusitania betwixt Emerita and Caesaraugusta. Salica. Libicosa. Castulon, Castulonenses of Pliny, Ca∣staon of Strabo, Castulo of Antoninus; now Caslona la Veia. Lupparia. Mentisa, Mentesani of Pliny. Cervaria. Biatia. Lacuris, Lacuris of Anto∣ninus in the way by Lusitania from Emerita to Caesaraugusta. & Tiva.

The Pelendones, adjoyning to the Murbogi, Pelendones, part of the Celtiberi of Pliny; now part of Castillia la Veia: whose cities were Vi∣s••ntium; now, Viseo. Augustobriga, Augustobriga of Antoninus in the way by the Ca••abrians from Asturica to Caesaraugusta, now Al∣dea el Maro and Savia.

The Ar••vacae adjoyning to the Pelendones, & Berones, Arrebaci of Pli. & b••nevaci, part of the Celtiberi after Strab now part of Castillia la Veia: whose cities were Confluēta. Cluniab 1.63 Clunia the end of Celtiberia after

Pliny, & Clunia of Anton. in the way frō Asturica by the Cantabrians to Caesaraugusta; now Corunna del Conde. Termes, Termes of Plin. now Cuidad Real. Vxama, Vxama of Pliny, & Vxama of Antoninus, in the way from Asturica by the Cantabrians vnto Caesaraugusta; now Osma. Se∣tortia Lacta; now Sepulveda. Veluca. Tucris; now Tudela Numantia, Numantia of Strabo, & Mela, Numantini of Pliny, and Numantia of Antoninus in the way from Asturica by the Cantabrians vnto Cae∣saraugusta; now Garay, a village towne neare Soria. Segubia, Segovia of Pliny, and Segovia of Autoninus, in the way from Emerita to Caesarau∣gusta; now Segovia. and Noudaugusta, Nova Augusta of Pliny.

The Celtiberi, East of the Carpetani, Celtiberi of Pliny & Strabo, and Celtiberia of Solinus; containing now part of Aragonia, Valentia, and Castillia la Nueva: whose cities were Belsinum; now Borgia. Turiaso, Turiasionenses of Pliny, and Turiaso of Antoninus in the way from A∣sturica by the Cantabrians vnto Caesaraugusta; now Tarrazona. Ner∣tobriga, Nertobriga of Antoninus, in the way from Emerita vnto Cae∣saraugusta; now Alurha. Bilbis, Bilbilis of Strabo, and Bilbilis of Anto∣ninus, in the way from Emerita to Caesaraugusta, standing sometimes vpon the hill, now called Baubola, some halfe a Spanish league from Ca∣lataiud. Arcobriga, Arcobriga of Antoninus, in the way from Emerita to Caesaraugusta; now Arcoz. Cesada. Mediolum, now Medina Caeli. Attacum. Ergavica; now Alcamiz. Segobriga, Segobriga of Strabo, and c 1.64 Segobricenses, the chiefe citie of Celtiberia, after Pliny; now Se∣gorve. Condobora; now Seguenca. Bursada. Lacta. Valeria. Istonium. A∣laba. Libana. and Vrcesa; now Velez.

These 3 were all parts of the generall name of the Celtiberi.

The Lobetani, adjoyning to the Celtiberi, whose citie was Lobetum.

The Illergetes, Regio Illergetum of Pliny, adjoyning to the Vascones, and contayning now part of Aragonia; whose cities were Bergusia. Cel∣sa. Bergidum. Erga; now Vrgel. Succos••. Osca, Osca of Strabo,d 1.65 Oscen∣ses, in the countrie Vescitania, after Pliny, and Osca of Antoninus in the way from Asturica to Tarraco; now Huescar. Burtina, Bortina of Antoninus in the way from Asturica to Tarraco; now Balbastro. Galli∣ca Flava, Gallicum of Antoninus in the way from Asturica to Tarra∣co; now Fraga. Orgia; now Al••arez; and Ilerda, Ilerda of Strabo, and Ilerda of Antoninus, in the way from Asturica to Tarraco; now Lerida.

The Cerretani, more East; Cerretani of Strabo, inhabiting the vallyes of the Pyrenaean mountaines; now the rest of Aragonia; whose city was Iulia Lybica.

The Bastitani, Bastitani of Strabo, contayning now part of the coun∣tries of Valencia, and Murcia: whose cities were Pucialia. Salaria; now Siruela. Turbula. Saltiga. Bigerra; now Beiar. Abule. Asso. Bergula. Carca. Illunum. Arcilacis, now Archifana. Segifa. Orcelis; now Orihue∣la. Vergilia. and Acci, Colonia Accitania of Pliny, and Acci of Antoni∣nus in the way from Narbo in Gaule vnto Castulo.

The Contestani, Contestania of Pliny; contayning part of the same countries of Murcia & Valentia: whose cities were Carthago nova, Carthago,e 1.66 founded by the Carthaginians after Pliny, Carthago no∣va,

built by Hasdrubal, Successour to Barca, father vnto Hannibal, af∣ter Strabo; Carthago, built by Hasdrubal captaine of the Carthagi∣nians after Mela; Carthago founded by the Carthaginians, and after∣wards made a Roman colony, after Solinus; and Carthago Spattaria of Antoninus; now Carthagena. Alonae, Alon of Mela; now Alicante. Menralia; now Murcia. Valentia, Valentia Colonia of Pliny, Valentia of Mela, and Valentia of Antoninus in the way from Narbo in Gaule vnto Castulo; now Valentia. Setabis, Setabis of Strabo, & Setabitani of Pliny; now Xativa Setabicula. Illicias, Illici, a free colonie after Pliny, Illice, giving the name to the bay called Ilicitanus, after Mela, and Illi∣cis of Antoninus, in the way from Narbo in Gaule vnto Castulo and Iaspis.

The Edetani, Regio Edetania of Pliny, East of the Contestani, Bastita∣ni, & Celtiberi; now part of Valentia, & Aragonia: whose cities were Cae∣saraugusta, Caesaraugusta of the Celtiberi of Strabo, Caesaraugustaa 1.67 a free colonie, formerly named Salduba, after Pliny, Caesaraugusta a fa∣mous b 1.68 inland citie after Mela, & Caesaraugusta of Antoninus; now Sa∣ragoca. Bernama. Ebora. Belia. Arsi; now Haril••. Damania. Leonica. Osicerda. Etobesa. Lassira. Edeta. Saguntum, Saguntum founded by the Zacynthiās after Strabo, Saguntūc 1.69 a town of Roman citizens after Pliny, Saguntus famousd 1.70 for miseries, & the faith thereof vnto the Romans, after Me∣la, and Saguntus of Antoninus, in the way from Narbo in Gaule vnto Castulo; now Morviedre. & Dianium, Dianium, a towne of the Mas∣silians after Strabo; Dianium, oppidum Stipendiarium, of Pliny; Dia∣nium of Solinus; now Denia.

The Ilercaones, East of the Edetani, Regio Ilergaonum of Pliny; now part of the countries of Valentia, & Catalonia: whose townes were Car∣thago vetus; now Villa-Franca. Bisgargis, Bisgargitani of Pliny. Theava. Adeba. Tiari••lia. Sigarra: and Dertosa, Dertusani of Pliny, Dertossa colonia,e 1.71 the passage ouer the riuer Iberus after Strabo, and Dertosa of Antoninus in the way from Narbo to Castulo; now Tortosa.

The Authetani, West of the Cerretani, A••setani at the foote of the Pyrenaean mountaines of Pliny: whose townes were Aquae Calidae. Bae∣cula. Ausa; now Vich. & Gerunda, Gerunda of Antoninus, in the way from Narbo in Gaule v••to Legio 7 Gemina, & the Gerundenses of Pliny; now Girona.

The Castellani, adjoyning to the Authetani: whose cities were Sepen∣dium. Basi. Egosa. and Boseda.

The Iaccetani, West of the Castellani, Iaccetani of Strabo, & Lacetani, at the foote of the Pyrenaean Mountaines, of Pliny: whose cities were Lyssa. Vdura, Ascerris. Setelsis. Telobis. Ceressus. Bacasis. Iespus. Cinna. and Anabis.

The Indigeti, Indigetes of Pliny: whose cities were Emporiae, Empo∣rium, founded by the Massilians, of Strabo, Emporiae descended from the Phocenses, and devided into two townes, inhabited a part, the one by the Spaniards, the other by the Greekes after Pliny; now Am∣purras. Rhoda, Rhodope of Strabo, founded by them of Emporium, after others by the Rhodians; now Roses. Deciana. & Iuncaria, Iuncaria

of Antoninus, in the way from Narbo in Gaule vnto Legio 7 Gemi∣na, now Iunquera.

The Laetani, Laeetani of Strabo, and Laletani of Pliny: whose towns were Barcinon (Barcino colonia, surnamed Faventia of Pliny, Barchi∣no of Mela, Barcino of Antoninus, in the way from Narbo in Gaule, vnto Legio 7 Gemina) now Barcilona. Diluron (Illuro of Pliny, & Mela) now Badallona. Blanda, Blandae of Pliny, and Blanda of Mela, now Blanes▪ and Rubricata.

The Cosetani (Regio Cossetania of Pliny:) whose cities were Tar∣racon (Tarracona 1.72 the chiefe city of Spaine within the Iberus, of Stra∣bo, b 1.73 Tarraco colonia, a towne of the Scipioes, after Pliny, Tarraco the richest of the maritine townes vpon that Sea, after Mela, Tarraco, builded by the Scipioes, of Solinus,) now Taragona and Subur (Subur of Mela) now Siges.

These 6 people are all now contained within the large country of Catalonia.

Pliny addeth the Vettone••, doubtlesse the Vettones of Ptolemy in Lu∣sitania, but misplaced. Icositani. Itani; and Mentesani. The countreyes Mavitania, and Dietania: and of townes amongst the Au∣trigones, Lucentum, and Baetulo, Betullo of Mela and amongst the Are∣vacae, Saguntia.

Strabo addeth the Lartolaeitani. Lusones. Sidetani; inhabiting towards the mountaine Orospeda to the South of the Celtiberi. Artabri at the Promontory Nerium. and the Celtici, neighbouring to the Artabri, and descended from those other of that name, inhabiting the shoare of the riuer Anas. Of townes he addeth A••ontia, seated vpon the riuer Du∣rius amongst the Vaccaei: amongst the Oretani Cetulum: Cherronesus: and Cartalias: amongst the Ilergetes Iliosca vpon the Ocean: amongst the Vascones Idanusa: and amongst the Verones, Serguntia, and Varia vpon the Iberus, hitherto navigable: Segida amongst the Arevaci; and Noega amongst the Astures.

Pliny accompteth the whole number of townes in this division to haue beene 294 in his time: amongst which 12 were Roman Colonies; 13 Municipia; 17 free of the right of the auncient Latines; one confe∣derate towne. and 136 Stipendiaries, divided amongst 7 iuridical resorts; of Carthago nova, Tarraco, Caesaraugusta, Clunia, Asturica, Lucus, and Bra∣cara.

The Emperour* 1.74 Constantine the Great afterwards, subdividing the greater Province of Tarraconensis, and adding the Ilands of the Baleares, and the country of Tingitana in Africke, vnto the accompt hereof, di∣stinguished the whole into 7 parts or Provinces, remaining vntill the end, and dissolution of the Westerne Roman Empire; of Baetica, Lusitania, Gallaecia, Carthaginensis, Tarraconensis, Tingitana, and of the Ilands. Of these Baetica and Lusitania were bounded as before. The name of Gallae∣cia was enlarged Eastwards, as farre as the Pelendones, and Celtiberi; be∣sides the Callaici before-mentioned, containing the Astures, Murbogi, and Vacc••i, at this day Galitia, Asturia, Leon, Portugal betwixt the riuers Minio, and Duero, with the greatest part of Castilia la Veia. Carthagi∣nensis,

so named from the city Carthago nova, contained the Oretani, Carpetani, Pelendones, Arevacae, Celtiberi, Bastitani, Contestani, and Edeta∣ni, now Castillia la Nueva, Murcia, and Valentia, with parts of Andaluzia, Castillia la Veia, and Aragonia. The rest of the continent Tarraconen∣sis comprehended. The Province of the Ilands contained those of the Baleares, and Ebusa, now Mallorça, Menorça, Ivyca, and Formentera. His∣paniae Tingitania the Iland of Gades, with the opposite shore of Africke, lying on the farther side of the straights of Hercules; named thus from the towne there of Tingis, now Tangier. Of these the three first Provin∣ces were consulary, or governed by Proconsuls; the foure other were Pre∣sidiall, cōmaunded by the Roman name of Praesides. Sextus Rufus nameth only six Provinces, Tarraconensis, Carthaginensis, Gallaecia, Baetica, Lusita∣nia and Tingitania, omitting that of the Ilands: whereof, differing from the Authour of the Notitia, onely Baetica, and Lusitania he maketh con∣sulary, the rest Presidiall.

This was the estate of Spaine during the government of the Romans, confounded, and quite altered by the comming of the barbarous people; by the justice and decree of God, who will haue nothing here eternall but himselfe, and to checke the pride of that mighty Nation, with vn∣resistible fury swarming in hither in the raignes of the Emperours Ho∣norius, and Valentinian the third.

The Inuasion and Dominion of the Barbarous nations.

THey were the Vandals, Silingi, Alans, Suevians, and Gothes, whose ori∣ginall, first entrance, raigne, continuance, and successions we are next to relate.

The Vandals.h 1.75

THese are* 1.76 named by Pliny the Vindili, being one of the fiue general nations, whereinto he divideth the Germans, and whereof he ma∣keth the Burgundiones a part. By Tacitus they are called the Vandalij, by Cassiodorus the Vandali, by Orosius, Isidore, and Paulus Diaconus the Wandali. They were a noted German people, inhabiting beyond the riuer Elb vpon the coast of the sea Baltique in the parts where now lye the great Dukedomes of Pomeren, and Mecklenburg; wherein the name in some Latine Authours is yet continued. In the eleuenth yeare of the Emperour Honorius, and Arcadius, and yeare of Rome 1172, Arca∣dius and Probus then being Consuls, with the Alans, and Suevians they first entred Gaule, drawne in by the traiterous practises of Stilico, Guar∣dian of the Westerne Empire in the minority of Honorius; by the ad∣vantage of the troubles, which might be hereby occasioned, the feare and discontentednes of the people, their dislike of the present govern∣ment, and desire of innovation, which he thought might happen, ho∣ping to get the Empire for his son Eucherius, borne of the sister of Ho∣norius.

Some three yeares afterwards in the first yeare of Honorius, and Theodosius, accompanied with the same nations, and quitting Gaule, they first broke into this province of Spaine, let in by thei 1.77 Honoriaci (a∣nother sort of Barbarians, named thus from the Emperour Honorius, vnder whose pay they had served,) keeping then the straights, and passages of the Pyrenaean Mountaines for the Tyrant Constantinus, re∣belling against Honorius. The part, wherein they first planted, was Gal∣laecia, k 1.78 which they inhabited together with the Suevians. Afterwards they remoued into Baetica vnto the Silingi. In the fourth yeare of the Emperours Theodosius, & Valentinian, & about 18 yeares after their first Spanish invasion, abandoning Spaine, they ferried ouer into Afrique, invited thither by Bonifacius, governour of that province, rebelling a∣gainst Valentinian; which not long after (Bonifacius repenting himselfe of his folly, and in battell overthrowne by them) old Carthage taken, and the Romans quite expulsed, they vtterly brought into subiection, continuing their name there, & dominion for aboue the space of one hundred yeares, & vntill the raigne of the Emperour Iustinian the first, Emperour of the Greekes. In the raigne of this prince by his leiftenant, the valiant Belisarius, they were totally subdued, and their kingdome, and name in Gilimer, their last king, quite extinguished. Their religion at their first comming into those Westerne parts was Gentilisme. By their after acquaintance with the Gothes they turned Arrian Christians, which heresie they kept vntill their extirpation. Their kings, whereof we reade, were Gunderichus, vnder whom they first invaded Gaule & Spaine. Gensericus, brother to Gunderichus, vnder whom with 80 thousand fighting men they first passed into, & conquered Afrique, and afterwards tooke, & sacked Rome. Honori∣chus, son to Genserichus. Gundabundus, son to Genzo, brother to Ho∣norichus. Trasamuadus, brother to Gundabundus. Hilderichus, son to Honorichus. He was deposed by Gilimer. Gilimer, son to Genzo, des∣cended of Genserichus. He was overcome, & taken prisoner by Beli∣sarius, in whom ended the kingdome, & nation hereof in Afrique.

The whole time from their first invasion of Spaine vntill their o∣verthrowe, & extirpation in Afrique Isidore reckoneth to haue beene 133 yeares, & 7 moneths.

THE SILINGI.a 1.79

THese vvere* 1.80 also a Northerne people, but of vvhat parts vve find not. Not vnprobably they might be the Subalingij, a German Nation, mentioned by Ptolemy. Isidore (by vvhom onely amongst auncient Authours vve finde them expressely named) maketh them to haue beene a part of the Vandals. Mariana putteth them to bee a different people, but joyned in the same troupe vvith the other, & vnder one, and the same king passing into Gaule, & Spaine, and seating themselues in that part of Baetica, vvhereabout vvas Sivilla. The Vandals departing into Afrique they remained behind, from vvhose longer continuance, (for as much, as they vvere accounted amongst that nation) that part

of Baetica became named Vandalia, novv corruptly Andaluzia. By Re∣chila,b 1.81 the second king of the Suevians, they vvere finally subdued, and their country vvith the vvhole Baetica added to the dominion of that people, after vvhich time vvee heare no more of them.

THE ALANS.c 1.82

THese* 1.83 Ammianus Marcellinus placeth in Scythia, inhabiting about the Fen Moeotis; neighbouring to the Roxolani, Iaziges, and other Barbarous nations, and extending for a great space of land betvvixt that marish, and the rivers Tanais, and Ganges, and divided into sundry lesser people, called all by this generall name. Their first mention in histories we finde to haue beene in the raigne of the Emperour Vespa∣sian, then vvarring vpon the Parthians; vvhereof reade Suetonius in Domitian. Their after memory is frequent, but confused. With the Vandals, & Suevians, before mentioned, they first entred Gaule, and Spaine. The parts, vvhich they tooke vp to inhabit in, vvere the Pro∣vinces of Lustainia, and Carthaginensis, the Celtiberi, and Carpetani ex∣cepted, which people remained yet vnder the Roman subjection. Aspi∣ring to the dominion of the whole Spaine, & cooping with, and over∣throwne in a mighty battell by the Gothes, they shortly after their first entrance lost here both their kingdome, and name; their king Atace, with great number of them being slaine, and the residue, who escaped the slaughter, flying into Calaecia amongst the Suevians, where being confounded with that nation wee heare no further mention of them. Their raigne here was but short during one only prince before men∣tioned. Their religion was Gentilisme.

THE SVEVIANS.a 1.84

THey* 1.85 were a Dutch people, famous in all auncient Geographers, & Historians, inhabiting the more Easterne moity of Germany beyond the river Elb, and devided into sundry potent nations, whereof these were a Colony, or part. For from this great, & generall name sundry o∣ther mighty people, & states, the Lombards, English, High Dutch, or Almans, Sweath-landers, & Danes, at this day of great power, & com∣maund in Europe, were descended. In the raigne of the Emperours Ar∣cadius, & Honorius, with the Vandals, & Alans they first invaded Gaule, & Spaine. The part of Spaine, wherein they first inhabited, was Calaecia. Vnder Rechila, their second king, subduing the Silingi, they added Bae∣tica to their dominions. In the raigne of Recciarius, their third king, they became likewise possessed of Lusitania. Puffed vp vvith so great posperity, falling out vvith Theodoricus the most povverfull king of the Gothes, overcome hereby in a great battell, and their king Recci∣arius slaine, they for a time became subject to that nation, their king∣dome, and state being ouerthrowne, and shared betwixt the Gothes, & their confederates the Romans. After a short Interregnum by the libe∣rality of this Theodoricus they had againe their kingdome restored, but now straightned onely within Calaecia. King Remismundus not long af∣ter added part of Lusitania, where now is Coimbre, and Lisbona, recove∣red

from the Romans, vnto whom after that calamity, & overthrowe vnder Recciarius that province fell. In the year 586 after 174b 1.86 yeares continuance, and in the raigne of the traiterous vsurper Andeca this kingdome, and state tooke end; overthrowne by Leutigildus, king of the Gothes, their king being shorne monke, and Calaecia made a Province of the Gothish monarchie, their name, and mention becomming af∣ter this extinct, and no more heard of in Spaine. Their religion at the time of their first comming hither was Gentilisme. Vnder their king Recciarius they first embraced the Christian, and Catholique faith, but which in a free estate they enjoyed not long, enthralled to Theodori∣cus, and the Arrian Gothes. After that their kingdome was restored by the Gothes, swayed with the power, & greatnes of that nation, vnder their king Remismundus they chaunged their Catholique faith for the Arrian heresie, wherein for about the space of one hundred yeares they afterwards persisted. Vnder their king Theodomyrus by the especiall industry of Martin Abbot of Dumia they reassumed the Catholique re∣ligion, which they constantly kept vntill their state, and kingdome en∣ded. Their kings (for as many of them as were set down in authours, for the greatest part are not remembred) were Hermenericus, vnder whom they first passed into Gaule, & Spaine, and planted in Calaecia. Rechila, vnder whom they conquered the Silingi. Recciarius, their first Christian, & Catholique king, subdued, & slaine by Theodoricus king of the Gothes. Franta, & Masdras after the restitution of the king∣dome by the Gothes, chosen by their factions; the nation being devi∣ded. Masdras sole king of the Suevians; Franta deceasing. Frumari∣us, & Remismundus, son to Masdras, after the decease hereof, slaine in the third yeare of his raigne. Remismundus sole king of the Suevians, Frumarius deceasing. Vnder this king the nation first revolted to the Arrian heresie. After this prince for the space of one hundred yeares by the negligence of auncient times their kings are not remembred, and vntill Theodomyrus. Theodomyrus, the restorer of the Catho∣lique religion. Myro, or Ariamyrus, son to Theodomyrus. Ebori∣cus, son to Myro, deposed, & shorne Monke by Andeca. Andeca, vpon occasion, and pretence of whose treason Leutigildus, king of the Gothes, warring herevpon, vtterly subdued the nation, the last king of the Suevians, after the milder custome of those times towards their vanquished enimies forced to religious orders, and shut vp in a monastery by Leutigildus.

THE GOTHES.a 1.87

THese* 1.88 Aelius Spartianus in the life of Antoninus Bassianus Caracalla, and Iornandes de Rebus Geticis seeme to confound, & make one nation with the Getae. Iornandes would haue their auncient, and first abode to haue beene in Scanzia, or Scandia, thought then to bee an I∣land,

and by Ptolemy accompted vnto Germany, since knowne to joyne with the Firme Land. The moderne names of East, & West Go∣thia in the kingdome of Swethen, & the stile of the kings hereof (a∣mongst other titles now naming themselues kings of the Gothes) yeeld some likelihood of the truth of this assertion. No lesse probably they might be the Gothini of Tacitus, a people of the Suevians, inhabiting in the South-East part of Germany. A reason to perswade herevnto might be the neerenes of that nation vnto the Ister, or Danubius; vpon the bankes of which river we first heare of the name of the Gothes in histories: Againe the neighbourhood of the Gothini vnto the Quadi, and Sarmatae, whom in the raigne of the Emperour Galienus we read in Iornandes de Regn: & Tempo: Successione accompanying the Gothes in their inroades, & excursions into Pannonia. That originally they were Germans their distinctions of Ostro-gothes, & Wisi-gothes, signify∣ing in their language (as now with the Dutch) the Easterne, & Westerne Gothes, & names of Alaric, Theodoric, Reccared, with others (the same, or alike terminated with the auncient French) doe almost make cer∣taine. The name, & succession hereof Iornandes, by nation a Goth, continueth from the times before the Troian warres, & beyond the re∣port of other prophane histories. But whose relation, grounded only vpon vnknowne, & barbarous authours, we reject as fabulous. Their first certaine, & expresse mention in approved authours wee finde to haue beene in the raigne of the Emperour Antoninus Caracalla, over∣come hereby in certaine tumultuary fights in his way towards Persia, and the East. Their mention after this is familiar, and common: In the raigne of the Emperour Maximinus, vpon occasion of his parentage, whose mothers was of this nation. Of Decius, then ran∣sacking Thrace, & overthrowing in battaill, & killing this Emperour: Of Galienus, wasting Greece, Pannonia, Pontus, & Asia: Of Claudius the second, after their 15 yeares spoile of Illyri••um, and Macedonia, slaine, and overthrowne by him with great slaughter: Of Iulianus, accompa∣nying, & ayding him in his vnfortunate warre against the Persians: Of Valens, with the Taifali, and other Barbarians driven then by the Huns from beyond the further shore of the river Ister into the Roman Pro∣vinces, afterwards in fight overcome, & slaine by them. Of Theodosius the first, overthrowne by him in sundry battails: Of Honorius, & Arca∣dius, vnder their kings Alaricus, & Radagaisus invading Italy, and at Pollentia putting Stilico, the leiftenant of Honorius vnto flight: Of Honorius, & Theodosius the second, then taking Rome: Of the same Em∣perours, vnder their king Athaulphus vpon a composition made with Honorius seating in Gaule, & Spaine. After this time we reade of a continuall succession of them in the French, & Spanish histories, and vntill their finall ouerthrow, & extirpation. Their country since their expresse name was Dacia, or the further shore of the river Ister, quar∣ting vpon the other side Pannonia, Maesia, or Thrace, the common Ren∣dez-vous of the many successions of barbarous nations. Driven over that river by the more fierce and barbarous Huns, they had Thrace permitted vnto them to inhabite in by the Emperour Valens, with con∣dition

to serue vnder the pay of the Romans, and to become Christians; the cause of their Arrian infection, wherewith so long time after they troubled the Christian Common-wealth, vnto which Haeresie that Em∣perour was addicted. A little before their comming into Italy, and the West, they enlarged their bounds as farre as Pannonia. In the raignes of Arcadius, and Honorius, denyed their accustomed pay of the Romans by the treason of Stilico Protectour, and Lieftenant to Honorius, vnder their kings Rhadagaisus, and Alaricus, they drew into Italy in two Ar∣mies; the former whereof at Fesulae was slaine, and his Army discomfi∣ted by Stilico, the other by the treachery hereof permitted to liue, and by iniuries provoked to the taking of the city of Rome, & to the ruina∣ting of the Westerne Empire. After this their invasion, we finde the na∣tion distinguished, and more famously knowne by the names of Ostro∣gothes, and Wisigothes. Of both which seuerally.

THE OSTRO-GOTHES.a 1.89

THE* 1.90 Ostrogothes, and Wisigothes signified in their language the Ea∣sterne, and Westerne Gothes; and argument of their Dutch descent. Ma∣riana (yet whom I finde not backed by the authority of auncient au∣thours) would haue them to haue beene thus named from their more Easterne, and Westerne situations in Scandia before their comming to the Ister, & Roman confines. Paulus Diaconus in his additions to Eutropius with better authority from such their positions in Dacia, or beyond the Ister in the raigne of the Emperour Valens; at what time vnder their Captaines Athalaricus, and Fridigernus, first dividing into two plan∣tations, or companies, those which with Fridigernus inhabited the more Westerne Countreyes were from hence in their natiue language, named the Wesegothi, or the Westerne Gothes, the other vnder Athalaricus plan∣ted in the East, the Ostrogothi. Trebellius Pollio notwithstanding long before those times nameth the Austro-gothi in the raigne of the Emperour Claudius the second. But whether by these were vnderstood the Easterne, or Ostrogothes, or rather, as the Latin word more properly doth signifie, the Southerne Gothes we can not determine. Ammianus Marcellinus in his 31 booke, and raigne of the Emperour Valens, and Gratianus maketh often mention of Fritigernus, and the Gothes, but in whom we finde no where the distinctions of Ostro-gothes, and Wisi∣gothes. In Ablavius in Iornandes we heare of the Wesegothae, and Ostro∣gothae, vnder their king Ostrogotha, inhabiting then in S••ythia vpon the shore of the sea Euxinus. But whose narration wee haue before ac∣compted as fabulous. That the Gothes had these distinctions giuen them before their descent into the Westerne Roman Provinces it is mani∣fest out of the 2^d booke in Eutropium of the Poet Claudian, liuing in the time of the Emperour Honorius, where he mentioneth the Ostro-gothi, when as yet onely these were in the East. The iust time and place in the East where these names begun is vncertaine. They grew more fa∣mous after the plantation of the nation in the Provinces of the Westerne

Roman Empire; the Italian Gothes being distinguished in the histories of those times by the name of Ostrogothes, and those of Spaine, or Gaule by the name of Wisigothes. The Ostrogothes then (to speak more certainly) were a remainder of the Gothes in the East, after the departure of Ala∣ricus, and Rhadagaisus towards Italy, Gaule, and the West. In the raigne of the Emperour Valentinian the third, these accompanied Atilas, and the Huns, invading the Westerne Roman Provinces, partakers of their o∣uerthrow in the plaines of Chaalon, giuen by the valiant Aetius, the Wi∣sigothes, French, and other barbarous confederates. Shortly after this in the raigne of Marcianus they returned againe to their wonted pay, and service of the Romans, by the leaue of this Emperour seating them∣selues in Pannonia. In the raigne of the Emperour Zeno, threatning war against the Grecians, by the policy, and persuasion hereof they turned vpon the Heruli, then possessing Italy, the Westerne Empire being at that time troden vnderfoote by barbarous nations, whom after sundry bat∣tailes, hauing slaine their king Odoacer they finally vanquished, inha∣biting, and taking vp their left roomes, and extending their conquests there ouer Italy, Rome, Illyricum, Dalmatia, Sicily, and the neighbouring Iles, together with the part of Gaule Narbonensis, contained betwixt the Alpes, and the riuer Rhosne, (now called Provence) vsurped vpon the Wisigothes. By Amalasiunta, daughter to Theodoricus, then Governour of the kingdome for her yong son Athanaricus, fearing a tempest of warre from the Grecians, (to make their better peace with the potent French Nation) their part of Gaule Narbonensis was surrendred to The∣odebert, the French king of Mets, or Austrusia. By Iustinian the first, Ro∣man Emperour of the East, after a long and bloody warre, lasting the raignes of six of their kings, and managed on the Emperours side by the famous captaines Belisarius, and Narses, they were at length subdu∣ed, and their name, and memory here, as in all other parts of the world vtterly extinguished; making roome for the Longobards through the anger, and discontent of Narses, shortly after called into Italy, and suc∣ceeding in their voide places. Their Religion was Arrianisme, corrup∣ted by the Emperour Valens. Their kings (whereof we finde more di∣stinct mention) were Athalaricus before mentioned, liuing in the raigne of the Emperour Valens; vnder whom, after Paulus Diaconus, the name of the Ostro-gothes first began. Theodomirus in the raigne of the Emperour Leo, at what time these yet were in the East, and be∣fore their last descent into Italy. Theodoricus in the raignes of the two Emperours Zeno, and Anastasius, vnder whom they conquered the Heruli, and Italy. Athanaricus, son to Amalasiunta, daughter to Theodoricus. During the warres with the Emperour Iustinian the first Theodatus sonne to Amalafreda, sister to Theodoricus. Vitigis. Vldebaldus. Ardaricus. Totilas. Teya, their last king. Their whole raigne in Italy after Sigonius lasted 70 yeares.

THE VVISI-GOTHES,a 1.91

ABlavius* 1.92 in Iornandes (as hath beene related) fabulously maketh mention of the Wesegothae in the time of Ostrogotha, king of the O∣strogothae, residing then in Scythia neere vnto the Sea Euxinus, and ly∣ing vpon the West of the Ostrogothes. Paulus Diaconus in his additi∣ons to Eutropius otherwise beginneth their name from the raigne of the Emperour Valens, and their king Fridigernus; concerning whom see the Ostrogothes. Isidore continueth their History onely from their king Athanaricus, who preceded Alaricus in the kingdome. Vnder their king Alaricus in the raigne of Honorius, Emperour of the West, they first descended into Italy, taking, & sacking the city of Rome. Vn∣der Athaulfus, who succeeded to Alaricus, marrying vnto Galla Pla∣cidia, sister to Honorius, entring into league, and confederacy with the Romans, & leaving Italy, they had Gaule Narbonensis given vnto them to inhabite in, with the part of Spaine Tarraconensis, where now is Catalo∣nia, with condition to keepe them for the Roman Empire, and to serue vnder the pay hereof. Vnder Walia, subduing the Alans in Spaine, for a reward of their service (for the countries recovered by them, were by their league herewith to returne vnto the Romans) they had given vnto them the part of Aquitania, which is extended betwixt the river Garonne, and the Pyrenaean mountaines, added vnto their other possessions in Gaule. Vnder Theodoric, the victorious conquerour of Rec••iarius, and the Suevians, with the good leaue of the Romans they joyned Bae••ica to their Spanish dominions, won from that nation. Vn∣der Eurycus breaking their faith, & league with the Romans, they reco∣vered from them whatsoever these held in Spaine. Vnder the same king they also tooke from the Romans the countries of the Rutheni, Cadurci, and Auverni with other parts in Gaule, enlarging their con∣quests in that province vnto the river of Loire; all which notwith∣standing, with their whole possessions there, they shortly after lost to the French, & Ostrogothes in the next raignes of Alaric the second, and Amalaric, the part of Narbonensis onely excepted, where now is Lan∣guedoc. By Leutigildis they subdued the Suevians, and tooke in the countrie of Calaecia, attayning by this meanes to a perfect Monarchy of the whole Spaine, which with the part of Gaule Narbonensis, before spoken of, together with Hispania Tingitana in Afrique they kept en∣tire vnder their subjection vntill their overthrow, & extirpation vn∣der their last king Rodericus. In the yeare 714, and the raigne of this prince the nation hereof, & state tooke end, overwhelmed by a deluge of the Moores, after their continuance here for about the space of 300 yeares. Their religion vntill towards the period of their state was Ar∣rianisme, corrupted byb 1.93 Valens, Emperour of the East. Vnder their king Reccaredus in the yeare 586, and the third Councell of Toledo they received the Orthodox, & Catholique faith. Their government was Monarchicall. Their maner hereof was electiue. Their kings were Fri∣digernus,

in the raigne of the Emperour Valens, the first king of the Wisigothes after Paulus Diaconus. Athanaricus in the time of the Em∣perours Gratian, & Valentinian the second. With this prince Isidore beginneth the Catalogue of the West-gothish Monarches. Hitherto the Wisigothes kept in the East. Alaricus in the raigne of the Empe∣rour Honorius, vnder whom they first descended into the West, and sacked Rome. Athaulphus, kinsman to Alaricus, vnder whom in the yeare 415 they first planted in Gaule, & Spaine. Sigericus. Walia, by whom (the Alans in Spaine being subdued) Aquitania in Gaule was added to the dominion hereof. Theodoredus, slaine against Atilas, and the Huns in that memorable battaill, fought in the plaines of Chaa∣lon in Gaule. Turismundus, son to Theodoredus. Theodoricus, brother to Turismundus, by whom Baetica in Spaine was added. Euricus by whom the rest of Spaine (Calaecia excepted) together with the Ru∣theni, Cadurci, Auverni, and other parts of Gaule vnto the river of the Loire. Alaricus the second, son to Euricus, vnder whom these lost all their conquests in Gaule (part onely of Narbonensis excepted,) won from them by Clovys the great, the first Christian king of the French. Gesaleicus. Amalaricus, son to Alaricus the second. In the mi∣nority hereof Theodoricus king of the Ostrogothes, protectour then of the kingdome, by the advantage hereof got seazed of the part of Narbonensis, lying next vnto his dominions of Italy, now called Pro∣vençe; surrendred afterwards by his daughter Amalasiunta vnto The∣odebert, French king of Mentz. Theudis an Ostro-goth, formerly go∣vernour of the kingdome for Theodoricus king of the Ostro-gothes in the minority of Amalaricus, elected king of the Wisi-gothes. Theu∣deselus, descended from the Ostro-gothes, and nephew to king Toti∣las. Agila. Athanagildus. In the raigne hereof the Spanish Suevians vnder their king Theodomirus received againe their left Catholique religion. Liuva. Leutigildus, brother to Liuva, vnder whom, Ande∣ca, & the Suevians being subdued, the whole Spaine was vnited into the Gothish Monarchy. Reccaredus, son to Leutigildus. In the raigne hereof these changed their Arrian heresie for the Catholique faith, which ever after with great zeale, & constancy they maintained. Liu∣va the second, son to Reccaredus. Witericus. Gundemarus. Sigebutus. Reccaredus the second, son to Sigebutus. Suinthila. Sigenandus. Chinti∣la. Tulga. Flavius Chindasvinthus. Reccesvinthus, son to Chindasvin∣thus. Wamba. Flavius Ervigius. Egica. Witiza, son to Egica. Rodericus, the last king of the Wisigothes, slaine with the whole flower, and strength of the nation in the yeare 714 in that great battaill at Xeres de la Frontera by Tarif, & the Infidels; after whom Christianity, and the nation hereof being extinguished, succeeded the faithles Moores, whose turne is next to come vpon the stage.

THE DOMINION AND SVCCESSION OF THE MOORES.a 1.94

THese* 1.95 (as the Latine word doth signifie) more properly were the inhabitants of Mauritania in Afrique, extended after Ptolemy from the Westerne Ocean along the Straights of Hercules, and the Seas I∣bericum, & Sardo••m, parts of the Mediterranean, vnto the riuer Ampsa∣ga vpon the East, the bounds thereof, & of the lesser, or proper Afrique; devided by the riuer Malva into the Provinces Tingitana, & Casarien∣sis, contayning together at this day after Birtius the kingdomes of Mo∣rocco, Fez, & Tremisen. Since the supersititon of the Mahumetanes this generall name hath been derived over almost the whole Sea-coast of Afrique, lying quart of Europe, & reaching from the Sea Atlantique, and Straights of Gibraltar vnto the Red Sea, & Aegypt; subject now, as was the whole knowne South, & East, vnto the great Miramamoline, or Caliph of the Saracens, resident at Damascus in Asia, the Empire hereof at that time being whole, and vndevided. The occasion of their first comming, & invasion hereof (next vnto the sins of the nation) was the treason of Iulianus, Governour now of Tingitana for Rodericus; discon∣tented with the promotion hereof vnto the kingdome, being of the faction of the sons of Witiza, and then newly enraged with the ravish∣ment of his daughter Cava by the lustfull king Rodericus. Vlit was then Miramamoline. His governour for Afrique was Muza, posted vnto by Iulianus, and with faire hopes invited to the conquest of the Gothes, & Spaine. The Miramamoline made acquainted, Tarif is sent from Muza. In the yeare 714 at the river Guadalethe neere vnto the towne of Xeres dela Frontera the powers of Spaine, & Afrique fatally joyne, aided by the traitour Iulianus, and the faction of the sons of Witiza. Rodericus with great slaughter of his people is overthrowne, & slaine, the name of the Gothes extinguished, and the whole Spaine within three yeares space conquered, and overrun: the hilly parts of Asturia, and Biscaia with those of the Pyrenes almost only excepted, at whose mountaines, the Rendez-vous of the distressed, and flying Christians, the great good fortune of the Moores suddenly stoppeth, and recoyles; their Empire here in a maner no sooner beginning, then declining, sundrie honou∣rable Christian kingdomes, & estates here arising, as did afterwards in other parts of Spaine by the meanes, and thorough the emulation hereof (those of Leon, Castille, Navarre, Aragon, Portugal, & Barcelona,) by the favour of God, the valour of the Nation, the charitable aide of neighbouring Christians, and thorough the discord, & disvnion of the Infidels gathering continuall ground herevpon, and at length vt∣terly expelling, & driving them out. After continuall loppings of the devided, & long languishing estate hereof, and their continuance, and abode here for the space of 778 yeares, in the yeare 1492 their com∣maund, and government in Spaine tooke end; the kingdome of Granado, (all other parts, which they held, having long before beene recove∣red) vnder Mahomet Boabdelin, their last king, being taken in by Fer∣dinand

the fift, & Elizabeth kings of Castille, and Aragon, and such as would not ••e••ege their superstition, forced over into Afrique. Of late yeares, presently vpon the first warres ended with the Netherlanders, certain remainders of this of-spring to the number of many thousand families, inhabiting within the countries of Granado, & Valentia, though Christiās (at least in show,) & subject vnto the kings of Spaine, were by the jealousy of Philip the third then raigning, vtterly expul∣sed, and their whole race, & name here by this meanes quite rooted out. The dominion hereof in Spaine was first vnder the great Mirama∣molines of the Saracens, before mentioned, residing in Asia, and com∣maunding here by their Lieftenants. In the yeare 759, revoulting from vnder the government of the Miramamolines, in the person of Abderabmen, descended from their Prophet Mahomet, they erected here a free Monarchy, loose from all forreine subjection, in which state, & in the posterity hereof they continued for the space of 247 yeares. Occasioned thorough the slough, and pusillanimity of Hisse∣mus the second, the last Monarch of the race of Abderrahmen, about the yeare 1006 deposed by Mahomad Almohadius, and thorough the civill warres, and dissentions, which ensued afterwards for the soveraigne∣ty, they broke into the many petty kingdomes of Cordova, Sevilla, Tole∣do, and Saragoça, with others, the governours of each chiefe city then taking vpon them the name, and authority of Kings. Iuzephus Telephi∣nus, Miramamoline of Morocco of the house of the Almoravides, and the ambition of the king of Cordova, ayming by the aide hereof at the con∣quest of the rest, about the yeare 1091 put an end to this first devisi∣on; subduing those petty kings, and reducing in a maner the whole, which was yet left vnconquered by the Christians, vnder his sole go∣vernment, revniting them with the African Moores. The family of the Almoravides being overthrowne, and destroyed by Abdelmon, and the Almohades (a new sect of the African Moores) in the yeare 1150 they a∣gaine chaunged their lords, & superstition, and became subject here∣vnto. Mahomad, surnamed the Greene, Miramamoline of Morocco of the sect of the Almohades, overcome by the Christians in a great battaill at the mountaines of Sierra Morena, dispairing afterwards here of any good successe, (the estate of the Spanish Moores then being very small, and irrecoverablely declining) departing into Afrique, and leaving Spaine to fortune, in the yeares 1214, & 1228 they againe devided into the lesser kingdomes of Cordova, Sevilla, Valentia, and Murcia; for the rest of Spaine was before this time wholy cleared of them. Those foure lesser kingdomes, with the kingdome of the Ilands, not long af∣ter being destroyed, and taken in by Ferdinand the third, king of Ca∣stille, and Iames the first, king of Aragon, there remained vnto them on∣ly the city of Granado, with the country about it, (part formerly of the kingdome of Cordova,) vnto which king Alhamar (Cordova being surpri∣sed by Ferdinand) remouing his royall seate, in the yeare 1239 began the famous kingdome of Granado; thorough the advantage, & strength of the mountainous situation thereof, and the contempt, neglect, and discord of the Christians continuing for the space of 253 yeares after∣wards,

vntill in the yeare 1492 after ten yeares war it was likewise conquered, & recovered by Ferdinand the fift, king of Castille, & Arra∣gon. The Caliphs, or Miramamolines of the Saracens commaunding here, together with their Lieftenants follow. Vlit of the house of Humeia, descended from Zeineb, one of the daughters of their Pro∣phet Mahomet, Monarch of the whole Nation of the Saracens, and superstition of the Mahumetans, vnder whom Spaine was first con∣quered by the Moores about the yeare of the Incarnation of Iesus Christ 714, and the 97 of the impostour Mahomet, whose Deputies here were successiuely Muza, and Abdalasisius, son to Muza. Their Empire here during the raigne of this Miramamoline, extended ouer the whole Spaine, the parts of Biscaia, Asturia, and Guipuscoa excep∣ted. Zuleiman, brother to Vlit, whose Lieftenant here was Alahor. Ho∣mar, and Izit, joint Miramamolines, sons to Vlit. Izit, sole Miramamo∣line, Homar being deceased, whose Lieftenants were Zama, slaine in battaile before Tholouse in France, Aza, Ambiza, Odra, and Iahea. Is∣camus, brother to Izit, whose Spanish governours were Oddifa, Hime∣nus, Autuma, Alhuytanus, Mahomad, Abderrahmen, Abdelmelic, & Au∣cupa. It was the Abderrahmen, here mentioned, Lieftenant of the Pro∣vince for the Miramamoline Iscamus, whom we reade in the French histories ransacking, & spoiling France in the regency of Charles Mar∣tel with a numberles multitude of these Moores; in the yeare 734 slain by Martell, and the French, in a great and memorable battaile fought neere vnto the city of Tours with no fewer then 375000 of the Army, and crue attending him. Hitherto likewise wee finde the Infidels to haue beene possessed of the part of Gaule Narbonensis, now called Languedoc, being a part of their Gothish conquests, recouered for the most part from them with the cities of Avignon, and Narbonne by the valiant Martell, during the raigne of this Miramamoline. Alulit, son to Izit, whose Lieftenants were Abulcatar, and Toba. Ibrahe∣mus, brother to Izit. He was slaine by Maroanus. Maroanus, the last Miramamoline of the Saracens of the house of Humeia, the murtherer of Ibrahemus, whose quarrels gaue first encouragement, and occasion to the vsurpation of the house of Alaveci. He was slaine by Abdalla. His Lieftenants here were Toba, and Iuzephus. Abdalla of the house of Alaveci, descended from Fatima the eldest daughter of their Pro∣phet Mahomet, and sister of Zeineb before-mentioned, Miramamoline of the Saracens, hauing slaine Maroanus, and the house of Humeia put downe, and deposed. His Spanish Governour was Iuzephus, slaine by Abderahmen. In the raigne of this Prince, Abderahmen, descended from the deposed, and slaughtered house of Humeia, shunning the cruelty hereof, and flying into Spaine for succour, in the yeare 759 v∣surped the dominion of the Spanish Moores, well affected to the house of Humeia, free for a long time after from the subjection of the great Miramamolines. After Abderrahmen (the Miramamolines exclu∣ded) succeeded in the kingdome of the Spanish Moores, Hissemus the first, son to Abderrahmen. Alhaca the first, son to Hissemus the first. Abderrahmen the second, son to Hissemus the first, ouerthrowne in a me∣morable

battaile fought at Clavigio in the yeare 846 by Ramir the first, king of Leon. Mahomad, son to Abderrhamen the second. Al∣mund••r, son to Mahomad. Abdalla, brother to Almundar, and son to Mahomad. Abderrahmen the third, son to Mahomad, son to Abdalla▪ Alhaca the second, son to Abderrahmen the third. Hissemus the second, son to Alhaca the second, about the yeare 1006 deposed by Maho∣mad Almohadius, encouraged through his slouth, neglecting the af∣faires of the kingdome, and gouerning altogether by deputies; after sundry successions of tyrants restored; and by the like inconstancy in the yeare 1010 againe thrust out, and forced to a private fortune by his factious subiects. Occasioned thorough these disorders, the Spa∣nish Moores, hitherto in a manner still entire, and vnder one, became divided into sundry petty kingdomes of Cordova, Sivilla, and Toledo, with others; ouerthrowne not long after by Iuzephus Telephinus, Mi∣ramamoline of Morocco, and vnited with the Moores of Afrique. The dominion of the Moores at this time extended Northwards vnto the riuer of Duero; the bounds thereof, and of the Christians inhabi∣ting Castille. Iuzephus Telephinus, the second Miramamoline of Mo∣rocco in Afrique of the house of the Almoravides, (succeeding there vnto the family of Alaveci, supplanted and destroyed by them) drawn in by the ambition of the king of Cordova, and about the yeare 1091 ouer-throwing those petty kingdomes, and ioyning them to his domi∣nions of Africa; the kingdome of Toledo excepted, taken in before this time by Alfonsus the sixt king of Castile, and Leon. Hali, Mirama∣moline of Morocco, son to Iuzephus Telephinus. Albo-halis, Mirama∣moline of Morocco, son to Hali, thought by some to haue beene the learned Avicenna, whose workes are now extant, compiled at his commaundement by certaine of the best Arabian Doctours of those times, and thus named from him. In the raigne hereof Almohadi, a religious Moore, Doctour of the Mahumetane Law, to gaine a faction for Abdelmon, (whom, although descended of base parentage, Aben-Thumert, an Astrologian, had by his art foretold should bee Mirama∣moline, or king) began to broach certaine new, and vnheard of do∣ctrines about their Religion, and the interpretation of their Alcoran amongst the African Moores, superstitiously still addicted to novel∣ties, and easily chaunging; the effect whereof was the siding of the greatest part of this inconstant Nation vnto his opinions, named from hence the Almohades, and by the advantage hereof the setting vp of Abdelmon, and the disthroning of Albo-halis, and the house of the Almoravides, ouercome in battaile, and slaine by Abdelmon. Abdel∣mon, Miramamoline of Morocco, of the new sect of the Almohades, succeeding in the yeare 1150. Aben-Iacob, Miramamoline of Morocco, son to Abdelmon. Aben-Iuzeph, Miramamoline of Morocco, brother to Aben-Iacob. Mahomad, surnamed the Greene, Miramamoline of Morocco, brother to Aben-Iacob, and Aben-Iuzeph. In the raigne hereof (thorough his great ouer-throw at the battaile of Sierra Morena dishartned for attempting any more vpon this Province, & departing into Afrique) the nation (as hath beene related) broke againe into

many petty kingdomes of small strength, and of lesse continuance; Zeit Aben-Zeit, brother to this Mahomad, in the yeare 1214 vsur∣ping in Valentia, and the neighbouring countrey; Mahomad, nephew herevnto at the same time in Cordova; and Abullalis in Siuillia; and afterwards in the yeare 1228 Aben-hutus in Murcia. The kingdome of Valentia, not long after being subdued by Iames the first king of A∣ragon, as were about the same time those of Sivillia, and Murcia, with the city of Cordoua by Ferdinand the third, king of Ca∣stille; in the yeare 1239 Mahomet Aben-Alhamar, king of Cor∣doua, remouing his royall seate to the city of Granado, began the kingdome thus named, being formerly part of the kingdome of Cordoua, the onely countrie now held by the Infidells, the rest being conquered, whose princes followe. Mahomet Aben-Alhamar, before mentioned, the founder of the kingdome of Granado in the yeare 1239. Mahomet Myr Almus, king of Granado, son to Mahomet Aben-Alhamar. Mahomet Aben-Alhamar Aben-Azar, son to Mahomet Myr Almus. He was deposed by Mahomet Azar Aben Levin. Mahomet Azar Aben-Levin, brother to Mahomet Aben-Alhamar Aben-Azar, & son to Mahomet Myr Almus, deposed by Ismael, son to Farrachen, gouernonr of Malaga. Ismael, son to Farrachen aforesaid. Mahomet, son to Ismael. He was murthered by his subjects. Ioseph Aben Amet, brother to Mahomet, and son to Ismael, slaine by Mahomet Lagus. Mahomet Lagus, vncle to Ioseph Aben-Amet, and brother to king Is∣mael, deposed by Mahomet Aben-Alhamar. Mahomet Aben-Alhamar, king of Granado. He was againe thrust out by Mahomet Lagus, and afterwards inhumanely put to death by Peter king of Castille, vnto whom he had fled for succour. Mahomet Lagus, king of Granado, re∣stored. Mahomet, surnamed Guadix, son to Mahomet Lagus. Ioseph, son to Mahomet Guadix. Mahomet Aben-Balva, yonger son to Ioseph. Ioseph, elder brother to Mahomet Aben-Balva, and son to Ioseph. Ma∣homet Aben-Azar, son to Ioseph, driven out by Mahomet, surnamed the Litle. Mahomet, surnamed the Litle, overthrowne, and taken pri∣soner by Mahomet Aben-Azar. Mahomet Aben-Azar, restored the second time. He was againe deposed by Ioseph Aben-Almao. Ioseph Aben-Almao. Mahomet Aben-Azar, restored, and deposed the third time by Mahomet Aben-Ozmen. Mahomet Aben-Ozmen, deposed by Ismael. Ismael. Muley Albohacen, son to Ismael, driven out by his son Mahomet Boabdelin. During the raigne hereof begun the warres of the Christians vnder Ferdinand the fift, & Isabel kings of Castille, & Aragon, thorough the civill warres, & dissention hereof continuing for the space of ten yeares with happy successe, and ending with the vtter expulsion of the Infidels. Mahomet Boabdelin, son to Muley Al∣bohacen, opposed during the Christian warres by his father, after∣wards (he growing old, and forsaken by his faction) by his vncle Mu∣ley Boabdelin son to Ismael, each one being acknowledged kings by their parties; in the yere 1492, Granado surrendred, (Malaga, Guadix, Baça, Almcria, with other places, belonging to his vncle, being be∣fore recouered) after ten yeares warre, with the whole Mahumetane

superstition driven over into Afrique by Ferdinand the fift, and Elizabeth kings of Castille, and Aragon. During the vsurpation of the Moores out of the ruines (for the most part) of the vanquished Gothes arose (as be∣fore) certaine honourable Christian kingdomes, & estates (of Leon, Castil∣le, Navarra, Aragon, Portugal, & Barcelona,) in continuance of time (the Infidels beaten home) over-spreading this whole continent, whose o∣riginall, increase, vnion, and whole fortunes wee are now to relate.

THE BEGINNING, PROGRESSE, AND FORTVNES OF THE KING∣DOME OF LEON.

THis Kingdome* 1.96 was begun in Asturia in the person of Pelagius, des∣cended from the auncient Gothish Monarches, in the yeare 716 by the distressed remnants of the vanquished, and flying Christians, shelte∣ring themselues in the mountaines hereof, about two yeres after their great overthrow given by the Moores at the battaill neere Xeres de la Frontera. It was first called the kingdome of Asturia. After that the city of Leon was taken by Pelagius, it tooke the name thereof. Some would haue, after that the towne of Oviedo was builded by king Froila, that for certaine descents it did beare the name of that citie; wherein I striue not much, the name of Leon at length prevayling. The parts of Spaine, which at the beginning it contayned, were the mountainous parts of Asturia, now onely retayning the name hereof, together with part of Galitia. By the raigne of Ordonius the second, the kingdome be∣came enlarged over all Galitia, Asturia, & Leon, with the greatest part of Castillia la Veia, being devided from Navarra by Monte D'oca; and from the Moores by the Mountaines of Segovia, & Avila. Castille revol∣ting in the raigne of king Froila the second, it became stinted South∣wards with the riuer Pisuerga, (the common bounds hereof, and of that countrie;) comprehending onely Galitia, Asturia, and Leon, the ancient extent of the kingdome of Leon vntill its revnion with Castille. Vpon the decease of Veremundus the third without issue, slaine in battaill by Fer∣dinand the first, king of Castille, it became seazed vpon by that prince in right of his wife Sanctia, sister to Veremundus; added to his domini∣ons, & family. In the house of this Ferdinand it became twise againe severed from Castille; in Alfonsus son hereof; and in Ferdinand the second for some descents. In Ferdinand the third, son to Alfonsus the ninth, & Berengaria sister to Henry the first king of Castille, the two kingdomes were lastly vnited; incorporated into one entire state, knowne by the name of the kingdome of Castille, & Leon. The kingdome was heredi∣tary, and where women for defect of heires male might succeed. The princes vntill their last revnion with Castille were Pelagius, descen∣ded of the Gothish Monarches, the first founder (as before we haue related) of the kingdome, created king in Asturia in the yeare 716. Favila, son to Pelagius. He died without issue. Alfonsus the first, sur∣named the Catholique, sonne in lawe to Pelagius. Froila the first, son to Alfonsus the first, slaine by the treason of his brother Au∣relius.

Aurelius, brother to Froila the first. He deceased without heires. Silo, & his wife Adosinda, sister to Aurelius. Alfonsus the second, surnamed the Chast, son to Froila the first, deposed by Mauregate thorough the power, & aide of Abderahmen the first, king of the Spanish Moores. Veremundus the first, surnamed Deacon, son to Bima∣ranus, son, or brother to Froila the first. He admitted for companion in the kingdome Alfonsus the second, depriued by Mauregate, liuing then exiled in Biscaia. Alfonsus the second, sole king of Leon, Vere∣mundus deceasing. Ramir the first, son to Veremundus the first. He o∣verthrew the Moores in a great battaill at Clavigio vnder their king Abderahmen the second, in the yeare 846. Ordonius the first, son to Ramir the first. Alfonsus the third, son to Ordonius the first. Garsias the first, son to Alfonsus the third. His yonger brother Ordonius was prince of Galitia; the kingdome then being for a time devided. Hee dyed without issue. Ordonius, prince of Galitia, brother to Garcias the first; after the decease hereof the second of the name king of Leon. In this princes time the kingdome of Leon contayned all Asturia, Le∣on, Galitia, & the greatest part of Castillia la Veia, bounded vpon the East, & South by Monte D'oca, & the Mountaines of Segovia, & A∣vila from Navarra, and the Moores; and vpon the North, and West extending vnto the Ocean. He cruelly murthered all the Earles of Castille; the occasion of the revolt not long after of that countrey. Froila the second, brother to Ordonius the second. Formerly exaspe∣rated with the murther of their Earles by Ordonius the second, and now encouraged by the slough, & many vices of this prince in the yeare 898, and raigne hereof the Castillians first revolted from vn∣der the gouernment of the kings of Leon, & became a free estate. Al∣fonsus the fourth, surnamed the Monke, son to Ordonius the second; in∣juriously prevented by king Froila the second. Lazy, & vnfit to go∣verne, hee voluntarily resigned the kingdome to Ramir, his yonger brother, and turned Religious. Ramir the second, son to Ordonius the second, and brother to Alfonsus the fourth. Ordonius the third, son to Ramir the second. Sanctius, surnamed the Grosse, brother to Ordonius the second Ramir the third, son to Sanctius the Grosse. Veremundus the second, son to Ordonius the third. Alfonsus the fift, son to Veremundus the second. Veremundus the third, son to Alfonsus the fift; slaine in bat∣taill by Ferdinand the first king of Castille. Ferdinand the first king of Castille, yonger son to Sanctius, surnamed the Great, king of Navar∣ra, after the decease of Veremundus the third without issue succee∣ding in the kingdome of Leon in right of his wife Sanctia, sister to Ve∣remundus. He deceased in the yeare 1065. Alfonsus the sixt, younger son to Ferdinand the first. His elder brother Sanctius inherited the kingdome of Castille, the two kingdomes being now againe devided. Driven out by his brother Sanctius, king of Castille, hee liued for a time exiled amongst the Moores of Toledo. After the decease of his brother without heires, hee enjoyed both kingdomes of Castille, and Leon, wherevnto he added that of Toledo; since incorporated with the kingdome of Castille, and in regard thereof now called Castillia

la Nueva, injuriously taken from his late hostes the Moores thereof, with whom not long before during his exile hee had beene friendly entertayned. In the raigne, and by the favour, & advancement hereof in the person of Henry of Lorraine, a Frenchman, began the Earle∣dome of Portugall; made afterwards a kingdome by Alfonsus son to Henry. He deceased in the yeare 1109 Vrraca, daughter to Alfonsus the sixt, succeeding in both kingdomes. Alfonsus the seaventh, son to Vrraca, the mother resigning. He was likewise king of both. Ferdi∣nand the second younger son to Alfonsus the seauenth. His elder bro∣ther Sanctius the second had for his share the kingdome of Castille. Alfonsus the ninth, king of Leon, son to Ferdinand the second. Hee marryed vnto Berengaria, sister to Henry the first, king of Castille. Ferdinand the third, son to Alfonsus the ninth, king of Leon, and Be∣rengaria, sister to Henry the first, king of Castille; in whom those two kingdomes of Castille, & Leon were lastly vnited, neuer afterwards dis∣joyned.

THE KINGDOME OF CASTILLE.

THe estate,* 1.97 & name was first occasioned, & begun amongst the Vac∣caei by certaine honourable gentlemen of the kingdome of Leon, li∣uing vnder the commaund, and authority of the princes hereof, and by the name, & title of Earles defending then, & enlarging those the Marches of that kingdome against the neighbouring Infidell Moores; from the great number of Castles, & fortresses their erected, as vsually hapneth in all frontire places, called afterwards by the name of Ca∣stille. What were the names of those first Earles, at what time, and by whom they were instituted; in what parts they seuerally commaun∣ded (for many lived together;) or in what maner: whether as free princes vnder the fief & homage of the kings of Leon, or rather one∣ly as their deputies, or prefects, we finde not. By the time of Ordonius the second this name, & accompt was extended over the whole coun∣try of the Vaccaei, contayning now the greatest part of old Castille, de∣vided then from the Moores by the Mountaines of Segovia, and Avi∣la. In the raigne of Froila the second, incensed with the late murther of the Earles hereof by Ordoninus the second, the countrie first shoke off the yoake of Leon, and became a free gouernment; commaunded first by Iudges, afterwards by Earles. By Sanctius the Great, king of Navarra, in the person of his younger son Ferdinand the first it was erected into a kingdome. King Ferdinand the first added vnto the ac∣compt, and name of Castille part of the country of Navarra, lying be∣yond Monte D'oca. He also vnited in the right of the princes hereof the kingdome of Leon; afterwards for some time againe devided there∣from. Alfonsus the sixt added the kingdome of Toledo, now Castillia la Nueva. Iohn the first the countries of Biscaia, & Guipuscoa. Fer∣dinand the third Andaluzia, & Murcia. Ferdinand the fift of late yeares, and in the memory of our ancestours Navarra, & Granado; to omit sundry other petty enlargements. By so many additions the king∣dome

of Castile together with Leon, (incorporated with it) extendeth at this day ouer thirteene great Provinces of Galitia, Asturia, Biscaia, O∣lava, Guipuscoa, Leon, Castillia la Veia, Castillia la Nueva, Murcia, Andalu∣zia, Extremadura, Granado, and Navarra, containing now some two third parts of the Continent of Spaine, the largest, and the most noble of the three kingdomes hereof. The first Earles vnder the subiection of the kings of Leon, whereof we finde any mention, (for the greatest part of them are not remembred) were Roderique liuing in the time of Alfonsus the second, surnamed the Chast. Iames surnamed Porcellus, son to Roderique, in the raigne of Alfonsus the third. Nunnius Ferdinandus, with the rest of the Earles, slaine by King Ordonius the second. After the murther of the first Earles, and the revolt of the country from vn∣der the government of Leon, succeeded Nunnius Rasura, and Lainus Calvus chosen by the people, & commaunding by the name of Iudges; the former whereof governed in ciuill affaires, the other in matters military. Consalvus Nunnius, son to Nunnius Rasura, succeeding in the same title, and authority of Iudge. He married vnto Semena, daughter to Nunnius Ferdinandus, murthered by Ordonius the second, trans∣mitting by that meanes vnto his house the right of the ancient Earles of Castile. Ferdinandus Consalvus, son to Consalvus Nunnius, and Se∣mena. He reassumed the title of Earle of Castille, continued in his suc∣cessions vnto Sanctius the Great, King of Navarra. Vpon composition made with Sanctius surnamed the Grosse, in the yeare 965 he freed the estate hereof from all right and acknowledgement of the Kings of Leon. Garcias Ferdinandus, Earle of Castille, sonne to Ferdi∣nandus Consalvus. Sanctius, sonne to Garcias Ferdinandus. Gar∣cias, sonne to Sanctius, slaine by treason, yong, and without issue. Sanctius, surnamed the Great, king of Navarra, and Earle of Aragon, & in right of his wife Elvira, elder sister to Garcias, Earle of Castile, the last Earle. He made Castile a kingdome, giuen by him with this title vnto Ferdinand, his second son. Ferdinand, yonger son to Sanctius the Great, king of Navarra, the first king of Castile. The bounds hereof in the time of this Prince were the river Pisverga from the kingdome of Leon; Monte D'Oca from Navarra; and the mountaines of Segovia, & Avila from the kingdome of Toledo, and the Moores. He further ex∣tended those limits beyond Monte D'Oca ouer part of Navarra, won from his elder brother Garcias, king of Navarra, and since incorpora∣ted into the name of Castile. Hee also annexed to his house the king∣dome of Leon; Veremundus the third, king hereof, being slain by him in battaile sans issue, brother to his wife Sanctia. Sanctius the first, king of Castile, eldest son to Ferdinand the first. His yonger brother Alfon∣sus succeeded in the kingdome of Leon, driuen out by Sanctius a∣mongst the Moores of Toledo. Hee deceased without issue, slaine be∣fore Zamora. Alfonsus the sixt, king of Leon, brother to Sanctius the first, king of Castile; after the decease hereof returning from banish∣ment out of the countrey of the Moores, and inheriting both king∣domes. He added herevnto the city, and kingdome of Toledo, after∣wards named Castilia la Nueva; vnkindly taken from his late hoasts

the Moores, and Hyaia their last king. Vrraca, daughter to Alfonsus the sixt, succeeding in both kingdomes. Alfonsus the seauenth, sonne to Vrraca; (she resigning) succeeding likewise in both. Sanctius the se∣cond, king of Castile, eldest son to Alfonsus the seaventh. His yonger brother Ferdinand the second inherited Leon; the two kingdomes being the third time divided. Alfonsus the eight, son to Sanctius the second, whose wife was Eleanor, daughter to Henry the second, king of England. He tooke from Ramir the second, king of Navarra, the townes of Logrogno, Nagera, and Calahora, and almost whatsoeuer els the Navarrois held on that side of the riuer Ebro, which he added vnto Castile, in which name, and accompt they at this day continue. Henry the first, king of Castile, son to Alfonsus the eight. He dyed with∣out issue. Ferdinand the third, son to Alfonsus the ninth, king of Leon, and of Berengaria, yonger sister to Henry the first deceased, in right from his mother king of Castile; Blanche, elder sister to Berengaria, then wife to Lewes, son to Philip the French King, refused. His father deceasing, hee succeeded likewise in the Kingdome of Leon. After this last vnion, the two Kingdomes were neuer againe seuered, incor∣porated into one entire state, knowne now by the name of Castille, & Leon. He recouered from the Moores the countries of Andaluzia, and Murcia; contayning then the petty Kingdomes of Murcia, and Sivil∣lia, with part of the Kingdome of Cordova. In the raigne hereof, and yeare 1239, began the famous kingdome of Granado by Mahomet Aben-Alhamar, King of Cordova, vpon the surprisall of that city by Ferdinand, remouing hither his royall seate. Alfonsus the tenth, King of Castile, and Leon, son to Ferdinand the third. He was that famous Astronomer, whose workes are now extant with vs; the framer of the Tables of Alfonsus, named from him. The German Electours diuided, he was chosen by his factiō Emperour of the Romans against Richard Earle of Cornwall, brother to Henry the third, King of England, de∣tained notwithstanding at home during his whole raigne with civill warres against his vnnaturall son Sanctius, much more happy in the loue of the Muses, then of his subiects. Sanctius the third, king of Ca∣stile, and Leon, the rebellious son of Alfonsus the tenth. Ferdinand the fourth, son to Sanctius the third. Alfonsus the eleauenth, son to Ferdi∣nand the fourth. Peter the first, son to Alfonsus the eleauenth. He was driuen out for his cruelty, and was restored againe by Edward, named the Blacke Prince, son to Edward the third, king of England. Destitute of the English succours not long after he lost both his king∣dome, & life; overcome, and slaine by his brother Henry. Henry the second, brother to Peter the first, and naturall son to Alfonsus the e∣leaventh. Iohn the first, king of Castille, & Leon, son to Henry the se∣cond; opposed by Iohn of Gaunt duke of Lancaster, pretending the right of Constance his wife, daughter to Peter the first. In this prince by his marriage of D. Maria Diaz de Haro, daughter, and inheretresse to Don Lopez Diaz de Haro, last prince of Biscaia, and Guipuscoa, these seigneuries were annexed to the crowne of Castille. Comming to composition with Iohn duke of Lancaster, hee marryed his sonne

Henry vnto Catherine daughter to the other, by agreement created vpon the marriage prince of Asturia, which title (occasioned from the English whose eldest sons are named princes of Wales) hath ever since bin continued in the heires of Castille, or Spaine. Henry the third, son to Iohn the first. He married vnto Catherine, daughter to Iohn of Gaunt, duke of Lancaster. Iohn the second, son to Henry the third. Hen∣ry the fourth, son to Iohn the second. He deceased without heires of his body. Elizabeth, queene of Castille, & Leon, sister to Henry the fourth. She married vnto Ferdinand the fift, king of Aragon, & Sici∣ly. In the raigne hereof the countreyes of Granado, & Navarra (the French, & Moores being expulsed) became annexed to the house hereof, and incorporated with Castille, and the whole Spaine (the kingdome of Portugall excepted) vnited vnder one Monarch. Naples likewise was then conquered from the French, and the house of Fer∣dinand the bastard, and the rich new-found world first discovered, & added to the dominion hereof. Philip the first, Arch-duke of Austria, and Duke of Bungundie, son to the Emperour Maximilian the first, & Mary Dutchesse of Burgundie; king of Castille, & Leon in right of his wife Ioane, eldest daughter to Ferdinand the fift, and Elizabeth kings of Castille, & Aragon. Philip deceasing, and Ioane of Aragon his Queene in regard of her frenzy, and indisposition being vnfit to governe, Ferdinand the fift in the minority of Charles the fift reas∣sumed againe the kingdome of Castille. Charles the fift, son to Phi∣lip the first, and Ioane of Aragon, after the decease of his grandfathers (Maximilian the first, Emperour, and king Ferdinand the fift) elected Emperour of the Romans, and succeeding in the kingdomes of Ca∣stille, & Leon, Aragon, Naples, Sicily, Hierusalem, and of the In∣dyes, the Dukedomes of Austria, & Burgundy, and the dominions of the low-countries. He added vnto these in Italy the great Dukedome of Milan after the decease of Francis Sforcia without heires, accor∣ding to the composition made betwixt them; and in the Netherlands the Provinces of Vtreicht, Over-Ysel, Zutphen, & Gelderland. Wea∣ryed with long sicknes, and the burthen of so great an Empire, he vo∣luntarily surrendred all his estates vnto his younger brother Ferdi∣nand, and his son Philip the second; cloistering himselfe vp in the monastery of S^t Iustus in Estremadura, where in a private fortune he dyed. Philip the second, son vnto the Emperour Charles the fift, lord of all the kingdomes, and possessions belonging to the house of Bur∣gundy, & Spaine. The German Empire, and the dominions of Au∣stria were left vnto his vncle Ferdinand. Sebastian, king of Portugal, being slaine in Afrique by the Moores at the battaile of Alcacar, and his vncle, Cardinall Henry, not long after surviuing, by the great cap∣tain Don Ferdin̄d Alvares de Toledo in the yeare 1580 he cōquered that kingdome, the first Monarch of Spaine since king Rodericus, and the Gothes. To giue a checke vnto this sudden, and over-great pros∣perity, the Low-countries in his time revolted; eight of whose richest provinces, Holland, Zealand, Vtreicht, Over-Ysel, Gelderland, Zut∣phen, West-Freisland, & Groninghen haue now by armes freed them∣selues

from the Spanish yoake, and subjection. Philip the Third, son to Philip the second, succeeding in the dominions, & conquests of Spaine. The Netherlands were assigned by his father vnto his sister Isabella, marryed vnto Albert, Arch-duke of Austria. Philip the fourth, son to Philip the third, now king of Castille, & Spaine, and of the many provinces subject to the great Empire hereof.

THE KINGDOME OF NAVARRA.

THe* 1.98 Kingdome hereof was first begun amongst the Pyrenean Moun∣taines, in the parts, whereabout now standeth the towne of Suprar∣be, by the Vascones the naturall inhabitants, or rather by certaine rem∣nants of the shipwrack'd, and flying Christians, in that great invndati∣on of the Moores retreating amongst the safer rocks, and shelters hereof. The exact time when it begun is not set downe. Onely thus much is agreed vpon, that Garcias Ximinius, the first king, dyed in the yeare 758, some 42 yeares after the first erection of the kingdome of the Asturians, or Leon. It was first entituled the kingdome of Suprar∣be; then the chiefe towne of those mountainous parts. Afterwards it tooke the name of Navarra, most probably vnder Innicus Garcias; at what time first descending from the mountaines, where the former kings had kept themselues immur'd, they tooke in Pampelona, and the plaine countrey from the Moores. By the raigne of Sanctius the Great, (the Earledomes of Castille, & Aragon being annexed) the kings hereof were seazed of the whole Biscaia, Olava, Navarra, & old Castille, with part of Aragonia. By this prince Castille, & Aragonia were againe de∣vided from Navarra, giuen by him with the title of kings to his sons Ferdinand, & Ramir. By the after encroachments of Ferdinand the first, and Alfonsus the eight, kings of Castille, the townes of Nagera, Calahora, and Logrogno, with other parts of Navarra betwixt the riuer Ebro, and Monte D'oca, were lopped off herefrom, & joyned to the name, and accompt of Castille. Biscaia, and Olava were likewise afterwards rent off. But when, and by what meanes we finde not. Overmatched by their more potent neighbours, the kings of Castille, & Aragon, and by their interveening betwixt them, & the Moores being barred from enlarging any further their dominions in this continent, crossing over the Pyrenaean mountaines into France, by their marriages, & alliances with the houses of that kingdome the princes hereof in their severall times became possessed of the Earledomes of Champaigne, and Brie, Foix, & Begorre, the soveraigne Lordship of Bearn, the Dukedome of Eureux, Albret, & Vendosme, & lastly of the most mighty kingdome of France; the which now, being shut out of Spaine by the armes of the Castillians, & Navarra won from them by king Ferdinand the fift, the heires of the house at this day onely enjoye. The kingdome was he∣reditary, and whereof women, & their issue were capable. The prin∣ces hereof were Garcias Ximinius, the first king of Suprarbe, deceasing in the yeare 758. Garcias Innicus, son to Garcias Ximinius. Fortunius Garcias, son to Garcias Innicus. Sancius Garcias, son to Fortunius

Garcias. Ximinius Garcias, son to sancius Garcias. He died without heires, the last king of Suprarbe, of the house of the first Garcias Xi∣minius. An Interregnum for 4 yeares. Innicus Garcias, surnamed Ari∣sta, Earle of Begorre, elected in the yeare 840. He conquered Pampe∣lona, & the champian countrey from the Moores, in whose time most probably the kingdome tooke the name of Navarra. Garcias Innicus, son to Innicus Garcias Arista, king of Navarra. He voluntarily re∣signed the kingdome, & turned Religious. Fortunius, son to Garcias Innicus, & Vrraca sister to Fortunius Ximinius, the last Earle of Ara∣gon. Fortunius Ximinius Earle of Aragon deceasing without heires, in right from his mother Vrraca, hee got seazed of that Earledome, continued in the house of Navarra vntill Sanctius the Great. He dy∣ed vnmarryed. Sanctius the second, surnamed Abarca, brother to For∣tunius. Garcias Sanctius, son to Sanctius Abarca. Sanctius Garcias, & Ramirus, joynt kings of Navarra, sons to Garcias Sanctius. Sanctius Garcias, sole king of Navarra; Ramir deceasing vnmarried. Garcias, surnamed the Trembler, son to Sanctius Garcias. Sanctius, surnamed the Great, king of Navarra, son to Garcias the Trembler. He marryed vnto Nunnia, or Elvira, sister to Garcias, the last Earle of Castille; by which right (Garcias dying sans issue) he became possessed of Castille in the yeare 1028. Deviding his dominions he gaue Castille vnto his younger son Ferdinand, & to Ramir, his naturall son, Aragonia; vnto both with the title of kings. Garcias de Nagera, eldest son to Sancti∣us the Great, succeeding in the rest of the dominions of the house of Navarra. After this prince, tainted with vnnaturall wickednes against his mother, wrongfully accused by him of adultery, the kingdome of Navarra continually languished, & never prospered; daily encroach∣ed vpon by the neighbouring kings of Castille, & Aragon, & lastly in Iohn d' Albret wrested from the posterity hereof, and added as a pro∣vince to Castille. Sanctius Garcias, son to Garcias de Nagera, slaine by the treason of his brother Raimund without surviuing issue. Raimund bro••her vnto Sanctius Garcias. He enjoyed not long the kingdome, expu••sed presently after his vsurpation. Sanctius Ramir king of Ara∣gon, and Navarra, son to Ramir the first, king of Aragon, brother to Garcias de Nagera. Peter the first, king of Aragon, & Navarra, son to Sanctius Ramir. Alfonsus the first, king of Aragon, & Navarra, bro∣ther to Peter the first. He deceasing sans issue, and Aragon descending to his brother Ramir, surnamed the Monke, Navarra returned vpon Ramir Lord of Mouçon, descended from Garcias de Nagera, from whose house the kingdome had beene for a time wrongfully detay∣ned. Ramir Lord of Mouçon, king of Navarra, son to Ramir Lord of Calahora, younger sonne to Garcias de Nagera. In this Princes raigne Alfonsus the eight, king of Castille, pretending title to the Crowne hereof, and warring herevpon, tooke from Navarra the townes of Logrogno, Nagera, and Calahora, vniting them with Ca∣stille. Sanctius, surnamed the Wise, son to Ramir the second, Lord of Mouçon. Sanctius the eight, son to Sanctius the Wise, succeeding in the yeare 1194. Vntill this prince for the space of aboue 500 yeares

the kingdome of Navarra had beene still continued in the line mas∣culine. After his decease sans issue it first fell to the right of women, transported ouer the mountaines into France; where, transmitted from one French family vnto another, it hath rested vnto our times, and the vnion thereof with that kingdome. Theobald the fift, Counte Palatine of Champaigne, & Brie, & king of Navarra, sonne to Count Theobald the fourth, and Blanche, sister to Sanctius the eight, and daughter to Sanctius the seaventh; king of Navarra, succeeding in the yeare 1234. Theobald the sixt Earle of Champaigne, & Brie, and king of Navarra, sonne to Theobald the fift. Henry the first, Earle of Champaigne, & Brie, & king of Navarra, brother to Theobald the sixt. Philip le Bel, king of France, in right of his wife Ioane, daughter to Henry the first in the yeare 1284 succeeding in Champaigne, and Brie, and the kingdome of Navarra. Lewes, surnamed Hutin, king of France, & Navarra, and Earle of Champaigne, & Brie, son to Philip le Bel, and Ioane aforesaid. Philip le Long, king of France & Navarra, brother to Lewes Hutin. Charles le Bel, king of France, & Navarra, bro∣ther to Lewes Hutin, and Philip le Long. Hee deceasing without issue male, and the kingdome of France according to the pretended Sa∣lique law descending vpon Philip de Valois, the next of the line masculine, Navarra returned vpon Ioane de France, daughter vnto Lewes Hutin. The Earledomes of Champaigne, & Brie were incor∣porated with the Crowne of France. Philip Earle of Eureux, in the right of his wife Ioane of France, daughter to Lewes Hutin, succee∣ding in the kingdome of Navarra. Charles the second, Earle of Eureux, & king of Navarra, son to Philip, & Ioane aforesaid. Charles the third, Earle of Eureux, and king of Navarra, son to Charles the second. Iohn of Aragon, younger son to Alfonsus the fift king of Aragon, in right of his wife Blanche, daughter to Charles the third, succeeding in the kingdome of Navarra. After the decease of his brother he succee∣ded likewise in Aragon. Gaston the fourth, Earle of Foix, & Begorre, and Soveraigne Lord of Bearn, king of Navarra in right of his wife Leonora, daughter to Iohn of Aragon, and Blanche aforesaid. By meanes of this marriage the Earledome of Begorre, & Lordship of Bearn became annexed to the house of Navarra, as they doe yet con∣tinue. Francis Earle of Foix, & Begorre, Lord of Bearn, and king of Na∣varra, son to Gaston prince of Viane, son to Gaston the fourth and Le∣onora. He dyed young sans issue. Iohn duke of Albret, in the right of his wife Catherine, sister to Francis, succeeding in the kingdome of Navarra, the Earledome of Begorre, and soveraigne Lordship of Bearn. He lost Navarra vnto Ferdinand the fift, and Elizabeth, kings of Castille, & Aragon, since incorporated with the kingdome of Ca∣stille, retayning onely the countries of Begorre, & Bearne, and the title of Navarra, left vnto his successours. Henry d' Albret, titulary king of Navarra, son to Iohn duke of Albret, and Catherine. Anthony de Bourbon duke of Vendosme, & prince of the blood, in right of his wife Ioane d' Albret, daughter to Henry d' Albret, Earle of Begorre, Lord of Bearn, & titulary king of Navarra. Henry the third, king of Na∣varra,

son to Anthony de Bourbon, and Ioane d' Albret. After the murther of Henry the third, the last French king of the house of Va∣lois, ••e succeeded in the kingdome of France by the name of Henry the fourth (being the next of the line masculine, and descended from S. Lewes,) after infinite troubles mastered, and ouerpast, and a fast peace established in that kingdome, slaine of late yeares in Paris by that bloody Assassine Ravaillart. Lewes the thirteenth, son to Henry the fourth, succeeding now in the kingdome of France, and in the right, and title of Navarra.

THE KINGDOME OF ARAGON.

THE estate* 1.99 was begun shortly after that of Suprarbe, or Navarra, in the raigne of Garcias Innicus, the second king of Suprarbe, by one Aznarius, son to Eudo the Great, Duke of Aquitaine in France; who hauing taken from the Moores certaine townes about the riuers Ara∣gon, and Subordanus, by the good leaue of that Prince, entitled himselfe from the riuer, Earle of Aragon, subiect then (as were his successours for some time after) vnto the kings of Suprarbe, and commaunding here in nature of Marqueses. In Fortunius (sonne to Garcias Innicus, king of Navarra, and Vrraca, sister to Fortunius Ximinius, the last Earle hereof, who deceased without issue) the Earledome was annexed to the house, and kingdome of Navarra. King Sanctius the Great againe divided Aragon from Navarra; giuing it with the title of king to his bastard sonne Ramir. The extent of the country was but little, at what time vnder Ramir the first it was first made a kingdome. By the time of king Ramir the second, Saragoça Huescar, and other townes being wonne from the Moores, it became enlarged ouer the whole countrey, called now Aragonia. By the marriage of Petronilla, daughter to Ramir the se∣cond, vnto Raimund Berengarius the fift Earle of Barcelona, in the yeare 1137 the country of Catalonia was added By Raimund, son to Raimund Berengarius the fift, the Earledome of Russillon. By Iames the first the kingdomes of Valentia, and of the Ilands of Mallorça, and Menorça, con∣quered from the Moores; the present extent of the kingdome of Ara∣gon. In forreine parts Peter the third annexed to the house of Aragon the kingdome of Sicilye. Iames the second the Iland of Sardinia. Alfon∣sus the fift Naples, all which the kings of Spaine in right hereof doe at this day enioy. The Princes were Aznarius, the first Earle of Ara∣gon in the raigne of Garcias Innicus, the second king of Suprarbe. The country then onely contained certaine small townes about the riuer Aragon, occasioning the name, enlarging afterwards, as did the con∣quests hereof. Aznarius the second, son to Aznarius the first. Galindus, son to Aznarius the second. Semenus Aznarius son to Galindus, slaine in the battaile of Ronceval against the Emperour Charles the Great. Semenus Garcias, vncle to Semenus Aznarius. Fortunius Semenus, or Ximinius. He deceased without issue. Fortunius king of Navarra, Earle

of Aragon in right from his mother Vrraca, sister to Fortunius Seme∣nus. Sanctius Abarca, king of Navarra, brother to Fortunius king of Navarra, succeeding in the Earledome of Aragon by the same right. Garcias Sanctius king of Navarra, son to Sanctius Abarca. Sanctius Gar∣cias, and Ramir, ioint kings of Navarra, son to Garcias Sanctius. Garcias the Trembler, king of Navarra, son to Sanctius Garcias. Sanctius the Great, king of Navarra, and Earle of Castille, son to Garcias the Trem∣bler. He againe divided Aragon from Navarra, erecting it into a pet∣ty Kingdome in the person of Ramir his base son. Ramir the first, na∣turall son to Sanctius the Great, King of Navarra; the first King of Ara∣gon, advanced hereunto by his father at the earnest suite of his step-mother Elvira, the defence of whose life, and honour, he had volunta∣rily vndertaken, vniustly accused of adultery by her vnnaturall sonne Garcias de Nagera, an honourable, and iust beginning of afterwards so renowned, and famous a Kingdome. Sanctius the seauenth, son to Ramir the first. He was elected King of Navarra after Sanctius, son to Garcias de Nagera. Peter the first, son to Sanctius the seauenth, king of Aragon, and Navarra. Alfonsus the first, King of Aragon, and Navarra, brother to Peter the first, and son to Sanctius the seaventh. Ramir the second, surnamed the Monke, King of Aragon, brother to Peter the first, and Alfonsus the first, and to son to Sanctius the sevaenth. Navarra by the wil of Alfonsus the first, returned vpon the right heire thereof, Ra∣mir Earle of Mouçon, descended from Garcias de Nagera. The King∣dome of Aragon at this time contained onely the present country of Aragonia Raimund the first, Earle of Barcelona; in the right of his wife Petronilla, daughter to Ramir the second, succeeding in the Kingdome of Aragon. In those two Princes the houses, and estates of Aragon, and Barcelona were vnited into one family, and Kingdome. Raimond the se∣cond, King of Aragon, son to Raimund the first, and Petronilla. Hee chaunged his name to Alfonsus. Gerard the last Earle of Russillon de∣ceasing without issue, he added that Earledome to the dominion here∣of. Peter the second, son to Raimund the second, or Alfonsus. Drawne on (it is vncertaine by what superstitious zeale, or necessity of state) in the yeare 1214, he made the Kingdome of Aragon tributary to Pope Innocent the third, and the See of Rome. Repenting (as it seemeth) af∣terwards of this errour, he tooke part with the Albigenses in France, slaine in their quarrell by Simon, Earle of Montfort, and his crossed followers. Iames the first, son to Peter the second. Hee tooke from the Moores their two Kingdomes of Valentia, and of the Ilands of Malor∣ça, and Menorça, remaining since parts of the Kingdome of Aragon. He deceased in the yeare 1314. Peter the third, son to Iames the first, King of all the dominions of Aragon, the Ilands of Malorça, and Me∣norça excepted, giuen with the title of King to Iames his yonger bro∣ther, by his father Iames the first: revnited notwithstanding not long after to the Kingdome of Aragon. He married Constantia, daughter to Manfredus King of both the Sicilies; by whose right the choyse of the Ilanders, and the legacy of Corradinus, the last Duke of Schwa∣ben, beheaded at Naples by Charles duke of Aniou, (the French be∣ing

massacred at that fatall Sicilian Vespers) hee became king of Si∣cily, transmitting the kingdome to his posterity. Alfonsus the third, K. of Aragon, younger son to Peter the third. His elder brother Iames succeeded in the kingdome of Sicily▪ He deceased in the yeare 1291. Iames the second, king of Sicily, eldest son to Peter the third, after the decease of his brother Alfonsus the third, succeeding in the king∣dome of Aragon. He added to the house, and dominion hereof the Iland of Sardinia by right of conquest and the gift of Boniface Bishop of Rome about the yeare 1323, which Iland hath ever since beene held by those princes. He lost on the other side the kingdome of Sicily, vsurped by his yonger brother Frederique, whose heires held the same vntill that it was revnited in Martin the first. Al∣fonsus the fourth, King of Aragon, sonne to Iames the second. Peter the fourth K. of Aragon, sonne to Alfonsus the fourth. He revnited with Aragon the kingdome of the Ilands of Mallorça, & Menorça, taken from the house of Iames, yonger brother to Peter the third. Iohn the first, sonne the Peter the fourth. Hee deceased without issue-male. Martin the first, brother to Iohn the first, and son to Peter the fourth. In this prince Sicily returned againe to the right, & possession of the kings of Aragon, bequeathed vnto him by his son Martin king of that Iland. He dyed without surviuing issue-male, in whom ended the race masculine of the kings of Aragon, descended from Raimund Earle of Barcelona. Ferdinand the first, son to Iohn king of Castille, and to Leonora, daughter to Peter the fourth; after Martin the first (other competitours rejected,) succeeding in the kingdomes of Aragon, and Sicily. Alfonsus the fift, king of Aragon, & Sicily, son to Ferdinand the first. By armes, and the pretended gift of Ioane, the last queene of Naples of the house of Aniou, he got seazed of the kingdome of Na∣ples, ever since continued in his house. Hauing no lawfull issue, he gaue Naples to his naturall son Ferdinand Duke of Calabria, from whom descended the succeeding Kings of Naples vntill King Ferdinand the fift. Iohn the second, King of Aragon, Navarre, & Sicily, brother to Al∣fonsus the fift. Ferdinand, surnamed the Catholique, King of Aragon, & Sicily, son to Iohn the second, & Ioane, daughter to Henriques Con∣stable of Castille. He marryed vnto Elizabeth, Queene of Castille, conquered the kingdomes of Navarra, Granado, & Naples, discove∣red the golden Indies, and by the marriage of his eldest daughter Ioane vnto Philip, Duke of Burgundie, & Austria, vnited to his house the Low-countries, and dominions of Austria, the founder of the suc∣ceeding Spanish greatnesse, whose succession, & of-spring reade in the princes of Castille, & Leon. His sister Eleanor, daughter to Iohn the second by Blanche of Navarra, his first wife, inherited by that right the kingdome of Navarra.

THE KINGS OF THE ILANDS OF THE HOVSE OF ARAGON.

THe kingdome was begun by the Moores. It contayned (as before) the Ilands of Mallorça, and Menorça. Iames the first, King of A∣ragon, who had conquered it from the Moores, gaue it with this title to Iames his second son, with the countries of Ceretania, or Cardona, and Russillon in the Continent. The Kings vntill their revnion with A∣ragon were Iames the first, before mentioned, sonne to Iames the first King of Aragon. Iealous of the envy, & greatnes of his brother Peter the third King of Aragon, he submitted himselfe, and his succession to the perpetuall fief, and vassallage of that Crowne. Iames the second, son to Iames the first, King of the Ilands. Ferdinand, brother to Iames the second. Iames the third, son to Ferdinand. Denying his accusto∣med homage, he was overcome, & slaine, and his estates seazed vpon by Peter the fourth, King of Aragon; remayning ever since parts of the kingdome of Aragon.

THE KINGS OF SICILY OF THE HOVSE OF ARAGON.

THis contayned that noble Iland. In the person of Peter the third, King of Aragon, thorough the expulsion of the French, and the right of his wife Constantia, it became first possessed by the familie of Ara∣gon. The princes of this house vntill their revnion with the Kings of Aragon were Peter the third, King of Aragon, before mentioned. Iames, eldest son to Peter the third. Succeeding vnto his brother Alfonsus the third in the kingdome of Aragon, his yonger brother Frederique vsurped the dominion of Sicily, continued in his posterity. Frederique, brother to Iames, & son to Peter the third King of Aragon, & Sicily. Peter, son to Frederique. Frederique the second. Peter the third. Lewes, son to Peter the third. Frederique, Duke of Athens, brother to Lewes. Martin, son to Martin, King of Aragon, in right of his wife Blanche, daughter to Frederique the third. Deceasing without heires hee be∣queathed the Iland, and kingdome of Sicily vnto his father Martin, King of Aragon; remaining ever after vnited in the princes of that kingdome.

THE KINGS OF NAPLES OF THE HOVSE OF ARAGON.

THis kingdome was first annexed to the house of Aragon by King Alfonsus the fift by right of conquest, and a pretended gift from Ioane the second, the last princesse of the house of Aniou, or France. Ha∣ving

no lawfull issue he left it to his base son, Ferdinand, Duke of Cala∣bria. The princes follow. Alfonsus the fift, king of Aragon; the first of this house King of Naples thorough the right, & meanes now menti∣oned. Ferdinand the first, duke of Calabria, naturall son to Alfonsus the fift King of Aragon, and Naples. Alfonsus the second, son to Ferdi∣nand the first. Ferdinand the second, son to Alfonsus the second; the fa∣ther resigning. He was driven out by Charles the eight, French king; restored not long after by the aide of Ferdinand the fift, surnamed the Catholique, king of Castille & Aragon. Frederique, brother to Al∣fonsus the second, and son to Ferdinand the first; thrust out by the joynt armes of Lewes the twelfth, and Ferdinand the fift, Kings of France, & Spaine. Lewes the twelfth, French king, and Ferdinand the fift, king of Spaine; joynt Kings of Naples after the expulsion of the house of Ferdinand the first. These two mighty neighbours not long agreeing, and the French by the valour, and wisedome of the great Captaine Consalvo being beaten out, Ferdinand becommeth master of the whole countrey, ever since continued in his successours, the kings of Spaine; belonging to the right of Aragon.

THE EARLEDOME OF BARCELONA.

LEwes,* 1.100 surnamed the Godly, son to the Emperour Charles the Great during the raigne hereof, and in the yeare 801 having surprised the city of Barcelona from the Moores, first occasioned this name, and estate; the French governours after the custome of those times being then stiled Earles hereof, and in time becomming proprietary, and deri∣ving the honour to succession. The Earledome at what time that it was vnited with the kingdome of Aragon extended ouer the whole coun∣trey of Catalonia. The first Earle was Bernard, a Frenchman, Earle, or Governour of Barcelona for the Emperours Charles the Great, and Le∣wis the Godly. After him succeeded in the Earledome Wifredus the first, Governour for the Emperour Lewis the Godly. These two Earles were onely such magistrates thus named, commaunding for the French during life, or for a set number of yeares. Wifredus the se∣cond, son to Wifredus the first. In this Earle the estate became first proprietary, & hereditary by the liberality, & gift of the Emperour Char∣les, surnamed the Fat, to bee held vnder the fief of the Roman Empe∣rours, not long after freed from forreine iurisdiction; the house of that Emperour expiring, and the power of the factious, & devided French declining. Miron Earle of Barcelona, son to Wifredus the second. Gode∣fridus, or Wifredus, son to Miron. Borellus, sonne to, Wifredus, brother to Miron. Raimund the first, son to Borellus. Berengarius Borellus, son to Raimund the first. Raimund the second, son to Borellus. Raimund the third, son to Raimund the second. Raimund the fourth, son to Raimund the third. Raimund the fift, sonne to Raimund the fourth. He married vnto Petronilla, daughter to Ramir the second, King of Aragon, by

which meanes these two estates became vnited, continued in the Kings of Aragon.

THE KINGDOME OF PORTVGALL,

THe* 1.101 name hereof some haue derived from the towne of Porto, standing vpon the river of Duero, and the Galli, or Frenchmen, the founders of the nation of the Portugalls. Others from the port, or ha∣ven-towne named Cale, now Caia, lying at the mouth of that riuer, sometimes a rich, and flourishing emporie, whereof the first princes should be entitl'd. The estate was begun long after the rest by the Frenchmen in the yeare 1090, and in the person of Henry a Lorrainer, or after others a Burgundian, borne in the city of Besançon, and des∣cended from the auncient Earles of the Free county; who comming hither to the holy warres, and hauing married Therasia, base daughter to Alfonsus the sixt, king of Castille, & Leon, had given vnto him by way of dowry the towne, and countrey thus called, to bee held with the title of Earle vnder the right, & tribute of the Kings of Castille. The Earledome at the time, that it was first instituted, was extended only over the part hereof, which is contayned now betwixt the riuers of Duero, & Minio; part then of the dominions of King Alfonsus the sixt, and by this meanes seperated. Earle Henry, the first prince, added to the accompt, and name hereof the part contayned betwixt the Due∣ro, and the towne of Coimbre, won from the Moores. Alfonsus the first, his victorious son, the first king, the townes of Lisbona, Leira, Santaren, & Sintra, & in a manner the rest of the kingdome (Algarve excepted,) taken from the same enemy Sanctius the first the towne of Silvis. Al∣fonsus the second Alcaçar. Alfonsus the third the rest of Algarve, by con∣quest from the Infidell, and by his marriage with Beatrix, base daughter to Alfonsus the tenth, K. of Castille; the whole extent of the kingdome of Portugall. Afterwards Spaine being cleered from the Moores, the princes hereof wanting other honourable, & just wars, and meanes of further enlarging their dominions, discovering towards the South, & East, made themselues Lords (the Canary Ilands excepted, belonging to the Crowne of Castille) of the whole sea-coasts of Afrique, Brasil, and Asia, extended betwixt the Straights of Gibraltar, & Magellan, & the Promontories of Good Hope, & Malaca, planted with their colonies, & people. Henry Cardinall, & Arch-bishop of Evora, the last king, decea∣sing without heires, the country was subdued by Philip the second, K. of Castille, and vnited with the rest of Spaine, pretending right here∣vnto from his mother Isabel, daughter to K. Emanuel. The Princes follow. Henry, son to Guy Earle of Vernol, son to Reginald Earle of Burgundy, created first Earle of Portugall in the yeare 1090 by Alfonsus the first K. of Castille, & Leon. He added the townes of La∣mego, Viseo, and Coimbre beyond the riuer of Duero. Alfonsus the first, son to Henry, & Therasia. Having vanquished the Moores in a great battaill fought at Ourique in the yeare 1139, hee tooke vpon

him the title of king, confirmed afterwards vnto him for a certaine tribute by Pope Alexander the fourth, & continued in his successours. He subdued the great city of Lisbona, with the rest of the country vn∣to Algarve. Hauing raigned about 72 yeares, he deceased in the yeare 1184. Sanctius the first, king of Portugal, son to Alfonsus the first. Al∣fonsus the second, son to Sanctius the first. Sanctius the second, son to Al∣fonsus the second. He deceased without heires. Alfonsus the third, bro∣ther to Sanctius the second. Casting of his former wife Maude Coun∣tesse of Boloigne, notwithstanding that he had issue by her, & marry∣ing vnto Beatrix, base daughter to Alfonsus the tenth, king of Castille, and Leon; he had giuen vnto him by way of dowry the kingdome of Algarve to be held vnder the fief of Castille, which right was remit∣ted afterwards by Alfonsus of Castille in favour of his Nephew Dio∣nysius. He won from the Moores the towne of Faro, & all other places they held in Algarve; extending by this meanes the accompt of Por∣tugall Southwards vnto the Ocean. Since this Prince the kings of Por∣tugal alwaies haue bin stiled kings of the Algarves. Dionysi{us}, king of Por∣tugal, & of the Algarves, son to Alfonsus the third, & Beatrix. He foūded the Vniversity of Coimbre,* 1.102 & instituted the military order of Christ. Alfonsus the fourth, son to Dionysius. Peter, son to Alfonsus the fourth. At this time raigned three Peters in Spaine, all noted for their tyranny and cruelty, who were this Prince, Peter King of Castille, and Peter the fourth King of Aragon. Ferdinand, son to Peter. He died without heires male. Iohn the first, naturall son to Peter by Therasia Gallega his con∣cubine, after the decease of Ferdinand elected King of the Portugals in the yeare 1383. Edward, son to Iohn the first, and Philippa, daughter to Iohn of Gaunt, duke of Lancaster. Alfonsus the fift, son to Edward. Warring vpon the Moores in Afrique, he tooke from them the towns of Tangier, Arzilla, and Alcaçar. Iohn the second, son to Alfonsus the fift. Vnder this Prince to the great honour of the Nation, begun first the happy discoueries of the Portugals in the Atlantique, and Aethio∣pique Oceans; the Westerne shore of Afrique coasted; a supposed in∣habitable Torride Zone found inhabited; populous nations to dwell in the Southerne Hemispheare, not beleeued by the Auncients; and the vnknowne Continent of the World, and Afrique to end to the South in a promontory, or wedge of land, shewing a passage to the In∣dies, & the East, for this cause named by the Portugals, the Cape of Good Hope. He deceased in the yeare 1495. Emmanuel king of Por∣tugal, and the Algarves, son to Ferdinand Duke of Viseo, son to king Edward. In the Golden dayes of this Prince the discoueries of the nation to the South, and East are fully accomplished, the Sea-coasts of Afrique, Brasil, & Asia perfectly viewed; forts, & colonies of the Por∣tugalls planted in convenient places; the way to the East Indies by the backe of Afrique traced out; the riches of the East brought by Sea in∣to Europe; the great navies, and armies of the Aegyptian Sultans, & of other barbarous Princes discomfited, & ouerthrowne; and no small part of Aethiopia, India, & Persia subdued, or made tributary. Iohn the third, son to Emanuel. Sebastian, son to Iohn Prince of Portugal, son to

Iohn the third. With more then youthfull folly adventuring his per∣son against the Moores in Afrique, yong, vnmarried, & without any knowne successour that might continue the house, he was there vnfor∣tunately slaine at the battaile of Alcaçar in the yeare 1578. Henry the second, Cardinall, and Bishop of Evo••a, son to king Emanuel. In this Prince, being a Priest, & vnmarried, and leauing no heires, ended the line masculine of the kings of Portugal. He deceased in the yeare 1580. Philip, son to the Emperour Charles the fift, & Isabel, daughter to king Emmanuel, the first Monarch of Spaine since the Gothes, his Compe∣titour Don Antonio, naturall son to Lewes (son to king Emmanuel) driuen out. Philip the third, son to Philip the second. Philip the fourth, son to Philip the third.

By this meanes after so many chaunges, and successions, Spaine (as hath beene declared) is become at this day divi∣ded into three distinct kingdomes, vnited vnder one Monarch, but o∣therwise differing in Lawes, & in the manner of their government. 1 of Castille, & Leon, whereof Navarra, & Granado are parts. 2 of Aragon. 3 & of Portugal: contayning together 18 lesser divisions, or Provin∣ces. 1 of Portugall betwixt the rivers Minio, & Duero. 2 betwixt the Du∣ero, & Taio. 3 & betwixt the Taio, & Guadiana. 4 Castillia la Veia. 5 Ca∣stillia la Nueva. 6 Asturia. 7 Biscaia. 8 Galitia. 9 Guipuscoa. 10 Navarra. 11 Estremadura. 12 Andaluzia. 13 Granado. 14 Murcia. 15 Aragonia. 16 Valentia. 17 Catalonia. 18 and the Land of Russillon. The occasions of the names of Portugall, & Castille, we haue before related. Galitia, & A∣sturia, were called thus from the Calaeci, and Astures, their auncient in∣habitants. Guipuscoa, & Biscaia corruptly from the Vascones; intruding hereinto. Granado, Murcia, & Valentia from their chiefe cities, thus na∣med. Aragonia from the riuer Arga, or Aragon, where the state begun. Navarra from the more euen & plainer situation thereof. Andaluzia from the Vandals, or Silingi; there sometimes inhabiting. Russillon, from the auncient Castle, so named. Estremadura from the riuer Due∣ro, beyond the which it lay, the bounds sometimes of the Christians, & Moores, the name in continuance of time being remoued further from the riuer Southward vnto the Guadiana; as it hapned vpon the like oc∣casion vnto those of Northumberland in England, and Austria, or Ooster∣riech in Germany. The name of Catalonia some haue drawne from the Catti, and Alani, there inhabiting together. Others from the Catalauni, an ancient French people. Both vncertainly. Their descriptions fol∣low.

Notes

• a 1.1

  v. Ioan. Ma∣rianae de Re∣bus Hisp. l. 1. c. 3.
• b 1.2

  Pyrene Ptol. lib. 2. Geogra. c. 6. Pyrene, & Montes Pyre∣naei Strab. Ge∣ograph. lib. 3. (Mon••) Pyre∣naeus Pli. Nat. Hist. lib. 3. c. 1.
• c 1.3

  Oeaso Pto∣montorium Pyrenes. Ptol. Geog. li. 2. c. 6.
• d 1.4

  Veneris Tem∣plum Ptol. Ge∣ogra. lib. 2. c. 6.
• e 1.5

  Mons Canus Ioan. Epis. Ge∣rundensis Pa∣ralipom. His∣paniae. lib. 1,
• f 1.6

  Nerium Pro∣montorium Strab. Geogra. lib. 3. & Ptol. Geog. lib 2. c. 6
• g 1.7

  Iuga Asturum Plin. Nat Hist. lib. 3. c. 1.
• h 1.8

  Mons D. A∣driani Vasaei Brugensis Chron.
• i 1.9

  Idubeda Stra. Geog. lib. 3. & Ptol. l. 2. c. 6.
• k 1.10

  Saltus Aucen∣sis. Idem Vindius Mons Ptol. l. 2. c. 6. secundum Birtium.
• l 1.11

  Edulius Mons Ptol. l. 2. c. 6. e∣odē interprete.
• m 1.12

  Orospeda Strab. Geog. li. 3. O••••ospeda. Ptol. lib. 2. c 6.
• n 1.13

  Illipula Mons Pt. Geo. l. 2. c. 4.
• o 1.14

  Calpe Strab. Geog l. 3. & Pl. in proaemio. li. 5. Nat. Hist.
• p 1.15

  Proxima au∣tem faucibus v∣trinque imposi∣ti montes coer∣cent, Abila A∣fricae, Europae Calpe, laborum Herculis metae. Quam ob cau∣sam indigenae columnas eius Dei vocant, credunt{que} per∣fossos exclusa ante à admisisse maria, & rerum naturae mutās∣se faciem▪ Plin. ibidem.
• q 1.16

  Fretum Her∣culium.
• r 1.17

  Mons Maria∣nus Ptol. Geog. lib. 2. c. 4.
• s 1.18

  Saltus Castu∣lonensis Cae∣sar. Comment. Bell. Civ. c. 14.
• t 1.19

  Lunae Montis Promontorium Ptol. Geog. lib. 2. c. 5.
• v 1.20

  Iuga Carpe∣tana Plin. Nat. Hist. lib. 3. c. 1.
• x 1.21

  Lunae mons Ptol. Geog. lib. 2. cap. 5.
• a 1.22

  Iberus Strab. Geog. lib. 3. &c.
• b 1.23

  Aragon flu.
• c 1.24

  Cinga Caes. Com. Bell. Ci••. lib. 1. c. 17. &c.
• d 1.25

  Sicoris Caes. ibidem &c.
• e 1.26

  Salo Martia∣lis Epigram.
• f 1.27

  Baetis Strab. Geog. lib. 3. &c.
• g 1.28

  Singilis Plin. Nat. Hist. lib. 3. c. 1.
• h 1.29

  Anas Strab. lib. 3. etc.
• a 1.30

  Tagus Strab. lib. 3. etc.
• b 1.31

  vid. Resendij Lusitaniae An∣tiquitat. lib. 2. (de Tago.
• c 1.32

  Durius Plin. Nat. Hist. lib. 4. c. 22. etc. Dori∣as Pto. Geog. l. 2. c. 5.
• d 1.33

  Pisorica.
• e 1.34

  Minius Plin. Nat, Hist. lib. 4. c. 22. et Ptol. Geog. lib. 4. c. 6. Boe∣nis, et Minius Strab. Geo. l. 3.
• f 1.35

  Rubicatus Pt. Geog. l. 2. c. 6.
• g 1.36

  Thulcis.
• h 1.37

  Turium flu. Plin. Nat. Hist. lib. 3. c. 3. Duri∣as Strab. Geog. l 3. Turia Clau∣diani. Floribus, et ro∣seis formosus Turia ripis.
• i 1.38

  Sucro Ptol. Geog. lib. 2. c. 6. etc.
• k 1.39

  Calipodis flu. Pto. l. 2. c. 5.
• l 1.40

  Monda•• Ptol. Geog. li. 2. c. 5.
• m 1.41

  Limius Ptol. lib. 2. c. 6. Limia Plin. Nat. Hist. l. 4. c. 22. Lethe, et Limaea Stra. Geog. lib. 3.
• n 1.42

  Vltimi colunt Artabri ad Pro∣montorium, quod vocatur Nerium, in quod Occidua, et Septentrio∣nalis linea de∣sinunt. Habi∣tant circum Celtici, cog∣nati eorum Cel∣ticorum qui sunt ad Anam. Ferunt enim inter hos, et Turdulos cum fecissent exped itionem eò, Limaeo (quem diximus) flumine transito, ortam seditionem: ad quam cum accessisset ducis obitus, mansisse ibi dispersos, inde que Oblivion•• flu••io nomen factam. Strab. l. 3. Geo.
• o 1.43

  Marinaei Siculi de Rebus Hispan. lib. 1.
• a 1.44

  Iberia Hero∣doti lib. 1. &c. v. & Plin. Nat. hist. l. 3. c. 1. & 3. & lib. 37. c. 2. Ptol. Geog. l. 2. c. 4. & Strabo∣nis Geog. l. 3.
• b 1.45

  Celtiberia. v. Appiani Alex∣andrini lib. de bellis Hispani∣cis, & Strab. l. 3.
• c 1.46

  Hesperia Ho∣ratii carm. l. 1. Od. 36.
• d 1.47

  Hispania Strab. Geog. l. 3 Ptol. l. 2. c. 4. &c. Spania Ammonij de Gestis Franco∣rum l. 2. c. 20.
• e 1.48

  v. Iustin. hist. lib. 44.
• * 1.49

  v. Macrobii Saturn. l. 1. c. 20 Herodoti l. 1. Plutarchi vit. in Scipio. Afri∣cano. Iustini hist. l. 44.
• * 1.50

  v. Strab. Ge∣og. l. 3. & 4. Pli. Nat. Hist. l. 3. c. 1. Marianae de Rebus Hisp. l. 1. c. 14. & 15.
• * 1.51

  v. Polyb. hist. Rom. l. 2. 3. 10. & 11. T. Livij Rom. Hist. l. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. & 28. Iustini hist. l. 44. Appianum Alexandrinum de Bell. Punic. & Hispan.
• * 1.52

  v. T. Livij Hist. Rom. l. 21 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. & 28. &c Polybij hist. l. 3. 10. & 11. Strab. Geog. l. 3. Plutarch. in vita P. Scipio∣nis Africani. L. Flori Hist. Rom. l. 2. c. 6. 17. & 18. & lib. 4. c. 12. Rufi Fe∣sti Breviarium. Eutropii hist. Rom. l. 3. 4. 6. & 7. M. Aurelj Cassiodori chro¦nicon, Impe∣ratore Octavi∣ano Augusto. Appian. Alex∣andrini de bel. Hispan. & Pun. lib.
• * 1.53

  v. T. Livij Hist. Rom. l. 55. Strab. Geog. l. 3. Guidonis Pancirolli in Notitiam Im∣perij Occiden∣tis Com. c. 67. Lodovici No∣nij Hispaniam.
• * 1.54

  v. C. Ptol. Geog. li. 2. c. 4. Plin. Nat. Hist. l. 3. c. 1. Strab. Geog. l. 3. Pom. Melae. l. 2. c. 6. Itinerarium Antonini Au∣gusti. Lodovici Nonij Hispani∣am. P. Monta∣ni, & Birtij In∣terpretat in C. Ptol. Geog. lib. 2. c. 4.
• * 1.55

  vid. C. Ptol. Geog. li. 2. c. 5. Strab. Geog. li. 3. Plin. Natur. Hist l. 4. c. 21. & 22. Pom. Melae l. 2. c. 6. Itinera∣rium Antoni∣nini Augusti. Lodovici No∣nij Hispaniam. P. Montani, et Bertii inter∣pret. in C. Ptol. l. 2. c. 5.
• a 1.56

  Turduli ve∣teres, qui ali∣ter Barduli, et Tapori, Pli. ib.
• * 1.57

  v. Ptol. Geog. lib. 2. c. 6. Strab. Geog. l. 3. Plin. Nat. hist. l. 3. c. 3 Pomp. Mel. l. 2. Solini. c, 26. Itinerarium Antonini Au∣gusti. Lodovici Nonij Hispa∣niam. P. Mon∣tani, & Birtij interpret. in Ptol. Geog. l. 2. c. 6.
• a 1.58

  Bracae juri∣dicus conven∣tus, quem ap∣pellant 24 ci∣vitates. Plin. ib.
• b 1.59

  Gravij, Plin. Nat. hist. lib. 4. c. 20.
• c 1.60

  Lucus, iuri∣dicus conven∣tus, quem 16. populi appel∣lant. Plin. ib,
• a 1.61

  Pompelon in Vasconibus, quasi diceres Pompeii vrbs. Strab. Geog. lib. 3.
• a 1.62

  Oretani, qui¦et Germani cognominan∣tur. Plin. ib.
• b 1.63

  Clunia, Cel∣tiberiae finis Plin. ib.
• c 1.64

  Segobricen∣ses, caput Cel∣tiberiae. Pli. ib.
• d 1.65

  Oscenses re∣gionis Ves••••ta∣niae. Plin. ib.
• e 1.66

  Carthago Pa∣norum opus Plin. ib.
• a 1.67

  Caesaraugu∣sta, Colonia immunis, vbi anteà Salduba. Plin. ib.
• b 1.68

  Caesaraugusta clarissima vrbs in mediterra∣neis. Pompon. Mel. ib.
• c 1.69

  Saguntus ci∣vium Roma∣norum oppi∣dum. Plin. ib.
• d 1.70

  Saguntus fi∣de, et aerumnis clata. Pomp. Mel. ib.
• e 1.71

  Dertossa co∣lonia in Iberi¦traiectu. Strab. ibdem.
• a 1.72

  Tarracon vrbs, Metropo∣lis Hispaniae inter Iberum. Strab: ib:
• b 1.73

  Tarraco co∣lonia, Scipio∣num opus: Plin: ib:
• * 1.74

  v: Rufi Festi Breviarium. Notitiam Pro∣vinciarum Im∣perii Occiden∣tis. Guidonis Pancirolli in Notitiam Pro∣vinciarum Im∣per•• Occiden∣tis Com: c: 67. Lodovici No∣nii Hispaniam:
• h 1.75

  Vindili Plin. Nat. hist. l. 4. c. 12. Vandalij Cor. Taciti de Moribus Ger∣manorum. Wandali Pauli Oros••i l. 7. c. 27 Vandali Cassi∣odori Chron. Imperatore Arcadio.
• * 1.76

  v. Taciti de Moribus Ger∣manorum. lib. Plin. Nat. hist. l. 4. c. 12. P. O∣ros••ii l. 7. c. 27. & 28. M. Aure∣lii Cassiodori Chron. Imper. Arcadio, & Ho∣norio; Honorio & Theodosio; & Theodosio, & Valentinia∣no. Procopii de Bello Vandal. libros. Isid. His∣palensis Chro∣nicon Wanda∣lorum. Ioan. Marianae de Rebus Hispa∣niae l. 4. c. 21. & lib. 5. c. 1.
• i 1.77

  Honoriaci O∣rosij li. 7. c. 28.
• k 1.78

  Wandali, cum Alanis, & Sue∣vis pa••iter Hi∣spanias ingre∣diuntur. Hi••pa∣ce inter se ini∣tà sorte ad ha∣bitand••m sibi provinciarum dividunt regio∣nes. Galliciam VVandali, & Svevi occu∣pant. Alani Lusitaniam, & Carthagi∣nensé provin∣cias. Wandali autem cogno∣mine Silingi Baeticam forti∣untur. Isidori Chronic. Wan∣dalorum.
• a 1.79

  Wandali Si∣lingi Isidori Chronic. Go∣thorum. Wan∣dali cognomi∣ne Silingi I∣sidori Chron. Wandalorum.
• * 1.80

  v. Claud. Pto∣lomaei Geogr. lib. 2. c. 11. Isi∣dori Hispalen∣sis Chronicon Wandalorum. eiusdem Chro∣nicon Gotho∣rum. Ioannis Marianae de Rebus Hispani∣ae lib. 5. c. 1.
• b 1.81

  By Walia king of the Gothes after Isidore in his Annalls of the Gothes.
• c 1.82

  Alani Ammi∣an. Marcellini. l. 22. etc. forsan Alauni Scythae Sarmatarum Europ••orum pars. Clau. Pto. Geog. l. 3. c. 5.
• * 1.83

  v. Suetonu Tranquilli de Caesaribus l. 8. (de Domitia∣no.) Iulii Capi∣tolini Maximi∣nos duos. Aelii Spartiani Ad••••∣anum. Ammia∣ni Marcellini. l. 22. & 31. P. O∣rosii H.st. l. 7. c. 27. et 28. Zosi∣mi Hist. l. 5. Im∣petatore Arca∣dio, et Honori∣o: et Honorio, et Theodosio. M. Aurelii Cas∣siodori Chroni∣con Imper. Ar∣cadio, et Ho∣norio. Isidori Hispalensis Chr. Gothorum. eiusdem Chron. Wandalorum. Ioannis Marianae de Rebus Hisp. l. 5. c. 1.
• a 1.84

  Suevi Corn. Tacit. l. de Mo∣ribus Germa∣norum.
• * 1.85

  v. Tacit. lib. de Mor••ibus Ger∣manorum. Eu∣tropij Hist. l. 8. Imper. M. An∣tonio Vero. P. Orosij Hist. l. 7. cap. 28. Isidori Hispalensis Chronicon Sue∣vorum. Ioan. Marianae de re∣bus Hispaniae l. 5. c. 1. 2. 3. et 4. et lib.
• b 1.86

  After 126. yeares, according to Isidore in his A••nalls of the Suevians.
• a 1.87

  Gothi Iulij Capirolini de duobus Maxi∣minis &c.
• * 1.88

  v. Corn. Tac. lib de Moribus Germanorum. Aelij Spartiani Antoninum Carcallum Iulij Capitolini Maximinos duos. P. Orosij Hist. l. 7. c. 28. Trebellij Pollionis Diuum Claudium. Am∣miani Marcellini. l. 31. Imp. Valente, & Gratiano. Zosimi Hist l. 1. Imp. Valeriano. et Gallieno. l. 3. Imp. Iul. et. l. 4. &c. Se••ti Aurelij victoris Epitomen Imper Valente, & Valentiniano. Iornandem de rebus Geticis. eundem de Regn. & Temp. Successione. M. Aurelij Cass••odori Chronicon Imp. Decio; Valeriano, & Gallieno. Valente, & Valentiniano; Arcadio, & Honorio & Honorio, & Theodosio. Isidori Hispalensis Chron. Gothor••. Marianam de Rebus Hispaniae.
• a 1.89

  Ostrogothi Claudiani Po∣etae in Eutro∣pium l. 2. &c. Ostrogothae Iornandis de Rebus Geticis. forsan Austro∣gothi Trebellij Pollionis de Divo Claudio.
• * 1.90

  v. Claudiani in Eutropium l. 2. Trebellii Pollionis Di∣vum Claudi∣um. Eutropii Rom. hist. l. 12. sive Pauli Dia∣coni hist. Rom. l. 2. Eutropio attributum. Iornandem de Rebus Geticis. eundem de Reg. & Temp. successione. M. Aurelij Cas∣siodori Chro∣nicon Imperat. Zenone, & A∣nastasio. Pro∣copium de Bello Gothico. Sigonii de Regno Italiae lib. 1. et eiusd. Hist Occiden∣talis Imperii l. 16.
• a 1.91

  Wisigothi Isi∣dori Chronic. Gothorum. etc. Vesegothi Pau∣li Diaconi, seu Eut••opij Hist. Rom l. 12. We∣segothae Ior∣nandis de Re∣bus Geticis.
• * 1.92

  v Iotnandem de Rebus Geti∣cis. Eutropij, seu P. Diaconi Hist. Rom. l. 12. Isidori H. spa∣lensis Chronic. Gothorum. P. Orosij Hist. l. 7. c. 28, et 29. M. ••urelij Casiod. Chronic••n Im∣per Honoric, et Theodosio. Roderici Tole∣tani de Rebus Hisp. l 2, et 3. Ioan. Maria. de Rebus Hispan▪
• b 1.93

  Gothi anteà per legatos sup∣plices poposce∣runt, vt illis E∣piscopi, à qui∣bus Christianae fidei regulam discerent, mit∣t••rentur. Va∣lens Imperat. exitiabili pravi∣tare detentus, doctores Arri∣ani dogmatis his misit. Gothi primae fidei ru∣dimenta, quod acceperunt, te∣nuere. P. Oro∣sij Hist. l. 7. c. 19.
• a 1.94

  Maurusij Stra. Geogra. lib. 2. Maurusii, et Mauri eiusdem Geogr. lib. 17. Mauri Luc. Flo∣ri Hist. Rom. l. 4. c. 2. etc. Sarra∣ceni Am. Mar∣cellin••. his. l. 14. Imper. Gallo, et Constantio, et l. 25. Imp. Iovia∣no. Chron. Cas∣sinensis lib. 1. c. 23. Aimonij de Gestis Franco∣rum. l. 4. c. 22. et 52. &c. Agareni, & Sarraceni Ai∣monij li. 4. c. 22. Agareni Chro∣nic. Cassinensis lib. 1. c. 28.
• * 1.95

  v. Cl. Ptolo. Geog. l. 4. c. 1 & 2. Pet. Bertii in Ptol. Geog. l 4. c. 1. & 2. Interp. Ioannem Mari∣anam de Rebus Hispaniae. hist. d' Espaigne par Loys de May∣erne.
• * 1.96

  v. Ioan. Mari. de Rebus Hisp. hist. d'Espaigne par Loys de Mayerne.
• * 1.97

  v. Ioan. Mari. de Rebus▪ Hisp. hist. d'Espaigne par Loys de Mayerne.
• * 1.98

  v. Ioannem Marianam de rebus Hisp. hist. d'Espaigne par Loys de May∣erne. Histor. de Navarre par Andre Fauyn.
• * 1.99

  v. Ioannem Marianam de Rebus Hispan. His. d'Espaign•• par Loys de Mayernes. In∣dices Rerum ab Aragoniis Regibus gesta∣rum per Hie∣ronymum Su∣••itam,
• * 1.100

  v. Ioannem Marianam de rebus His. Hist. d'Espaigne par Loys de May∣erne.
• * 1.101

  v. Ioan. Mari. de Regib. Hisp. His. d'Espaigne par Loys de Mayerne. Du∣ardum Noni∣um de Regum Portugalliae verâ Genealo∣giâ. Hieroni∣mum Conesta∣gium de Portu∣galliae cum Reg∣no Castellae coniunctione.
• * 1.102

  Reg Algalbio∣rum.