A treatise intitled, Beware of M. Iewel. By Iohn Rastel Master of Arte and student of diuinitie

The fourthe Article ⁂ (Book 4)

Whether the Bisshope of Rome was, within six hundred yeres after Christe, called an Vniuersall Bisshope and head of the Church. (Book 4)

BY what name foeuer, the B. of Rome was then called, if it be plainly pro∣ued, that his Supreme power and Authoritie ouer the whole Churche, was then acknowledged and cōfessed: there is no more to be required or sought for in this Article. Is not this true? And shall not euery quiet & reasonable man, be con∣tented herewithal? Yes verely. Except we would be brought to that foly, we muste not passe vppon the thinges themselues, but seeke only after the names of them: And discredit the Truth of the matter, for lacke of finding the worde whiche betoke∣neth it. Will it please then M. Iewel. to be contented and answered, if we proue to him the Popes Supreme Authoritie ouer the Church: though we alleage not the very termes of Vniuersal Bisshope or head, which he asketh for.

I would some indifferēt man would per∣swade with him,* 1.1 to remit somewhat of y^e rigor of his, and extreme hard dealing, that if the Thinge it selfe be found, & the Terme of it to seekinge, yet, he obey the appro∣ued Authoritie and confound not al order for lacke of significant wordes to expresse it by. Yet, he shall haue Termes significāt enough: as Principalitie, Primacie, Chiefe Rule, and such others, as the Fathers vse, in speakinge of the See of Rome. Mary, for those two which he requireth, he must not be to hasty vpon vs, consideringe, that it is not the word that maketh a Thinge, but the wil of God or act of man. And againe, that one Thinge may, by sundrie wayes of like force, be expressed, y^• if some one lacke, some other may supply it.

Lyke as therefore in cominge to some one place, that hath many wayes leadinge thither, he, should lacke either his sight or his reason, which would wrangle and con∣tend with me, that I am not there, because I knowe not, or folowed not, that way which he would haue taken, & yet I chose (I trow) a good way enough, which brought me directly to my purpose: So in y^e seeking out of the Truth which is in the thinges

themselues, vnto which we are conducted many wayes by varietie and copie of wor∣des, he that could not deny it me, but that I haue the Matter I sought for, and yet would aske me where is the speciall word, Head of the Church which signifieth the Popes Supremicie, doth by al reason de∣clare, not, that I am far from my purpose, but that him selfe is desirous to peeke quarels and seeke digressions.

Let vs be iudged then with tolerable indifferēcie. Hath not D. Hardinge folowed a reasonable and allowable order, which, in this question of the Supremicie, proueth the Thinge it selfe, and counteth it of no greate importance, to seeke for the speciall wordes which M. Iew. requireth? Is not so much enough for a quiet Reader? And y^e end beinge attained vnto, haue we to goe any further? I could proue no. But I do not mistrust, so little Iudgment or Consci∣ence, to be in honest natures. And first therfore I desire this, wel to be remēbred & noted, y^t y^e heretike hath no vātage against y^e Catholike, for his goinge to y^e matter, and passinge ouer Names, & Titles, & wordes.

Secondly it foloweth to be marked well, that D. Harding (not, because y^e question it

selfe required it of necessitie, but, for that he would satisfie to the vttermost M. Iewels, or some others, curiositie) he sheweth out of good authoritie the very selfe names which M. Iewel requireth: (Vniuersall bishop & Head of the Church,) to haue ben spoken of the B. of Rome, within the compasse of the six hundred yeares after Christ. But marke it (I pray thee good Reader) perfitely, that by the conferringe of Person with person, Behauior with behauior, Chalenger with defender, and Aunswer with Argument, the triflinge or earnest dealinge may the better appeare, the more nigh these con∣traries, be in sight the one of the other.

Now then in the third place, consider, how vnreasonably M. Iew. craketh, in this Article, against him, which by all right was not bound to Names, and Titles, pro∣uinge the Thinges them selues, and which afterward, brought furth the very Names so much asked for: least perchaunce by M. Iewels triumphinge there vpon, many should certainely beleue, we had lost y^e victo¦rie. Whosoeuer therefore wil haue some ex∣amples, where a great shew is made of no∣thinge, to beware in him selfe of y^t foly, let him marke these that folowe.

The chief Authoritie beinge ac∣knowleged and confessed,* 1.2 whether thē he were called, by either of those names that you deny, or no: it is not, of greate importance.

M. Hardinge seemeth in part willingly to yeeld.* 1.3 Againe:

It was as easy a matter for Christ, to geue Peter the Power and Title bothe togeather, as to geue him the power alone, without the Title.

Here, I can not chuse but answer some what, though for desire of shortnesse I haue and must let many thinges passe, which might be staied vpon. Who doubteth, but Christ in deede might haue geuen the Title (which M. Iew. findeth lackinge) togeather with the power and Authoritie ouer the Church? yet for so much as he hath not done it, it becometh not vs to find any imperfe∣ction in his doinges: but to honor them with all Reuerence, though we see no rea∣son for them, or with all humilitie to thinke vpon them, whether good causes may be brought furth and alleged for them or no.

And truly, concerninge this matter of

which we speake, we may rightly iudge, y^t because weyght and worthinesse is in the Thinges them selues, therfore he gaue the power to S. Peter. As for Names and Titles, because they are so easely geueu (as appereth by styles of Noble men and Prin¦ces) his maiestie was not ouer curiouse in them. Yet, he left not S. Peter without a name of honor also, sayinge: Thou shalt be called Cephas,* 1.4 which is interpreted Petrus, a rocke or Stone.

Which Title, duly considered, is of more weight and worthinesse, than either the name of Head, Rector, Gouernor, Prince,* 1.5 or vniuersal Bishope. Which as they signifie a Preeminence aboue others, so do they not warrant, a Continuance, a Stedfastnes, a sure Ground to buyld vpon, and a Princi∣pall and Chiefe Stone in the house of God, as Cephas or Petros (which are to say a Rocke) doe. for our Sauyour expressed it, in the hearinge of the twelue, and sayed to S. Peter only and specially:

Thou art Peter or a Rocke,* 1.6 and, vpō this rocke, will I buyld my Church,

and the gates of hell shal not preuaile against it. And to thee will I geue, the keyes of the kingdome of heauens, and what thinge soeuer thou byndest vpon Earth, shalbe bound in heauē: & what thinge soeuer thou loosest vpon Earth, shalbe loosed in Heauen.

Mary this Title of Vniuersall bishope or Head of the Church, he gaue not him in plaine Termes. But what of that? He instituted effectuall Sacramentes: yet he neuer called any of them by the name of Sacrament. He taught men to beleue in the Trinitie, yet the word is not found in all scripture. The prophet Dauid calleth the Apostles Princes of all the Earth,* 1.7 yet Christ which gaue them Authoritie ouer al, sayeth no more but: Goe and Preach the Gospell to al creatures.* 1.8 And againe, I send you furth as sheepe emong wolues.* 1.9 Againe: your master is one, Christ, and al ye, are Brethern:* 1.10 and neuer called them Princes.

How then? Doth M. Iew. find an im∣perfection

in Christes doinges? And thinketh he secretly in his hart, that a Po∣wer is not well geuen without a Title? And that, if him selfe might haue ordered the matter,* 1.11 the Name and Office should haue ben geuen, both together? from whēce cometh this, that a wretched and a vile cre∣ature, hath to saye any thinge against his Maker? The Catholike Church is cōtēned, The iudgement of y^e highest Bishope in the earth is condēned, & to hinder y^• Pope, And āger y^• Catholikes, he is not afraied to dally with Almightie God him selfe, And to aske of vs, whether it was not an easy matter for him, to geue Peter the Power and Title, al together. That when we shall confesse the Title was not geuen,* 1.12 he may infer: Ergo neither the Power. Which argument, If your selfe M. Iewel thinke to be naught, what a wyse man are you, so trimly to set it furth? If it be good, what a Miserable felow are you, which dare so to speake of him, that is Alwyse, and Almightie? As though it should not be agreable, to geue a Power and not the Title. Confesse that you haue ouershot your selfe, in ma∣kinge so much, of a weake reason: Or looke to be Answeered accordingly,

when him selfe shal come in Iudgement for such purpose. But let vs goe forward.

To this Church of Rome,* 1.13 it is ne∣cessarie, al that be faithfull to repaire and come togeather: for the mightier Principalitie of the same.* 1.14 Againe:

Andrew re••eiued not the Primacie, but Peter.* 1.15 Againe,

The Primacie or Principalitie of the Apostolike Chayre,* 1.16 hath euermore bene in force in the Romaine Church.

Now marke what M. Iew. concludeth. He answereth after his maner vnto euery one, but he triumpheth not therein, but in this, sayinge:

M. Hardinge trippinge (as he sayeth) so nicely ouer the Doctors, hath not yet once towched,* 1.17 the thingethat was looked for, and that he hath only, and with such affiance, take in hand For, notwithstanding a great Pōpe of wordes and the Names of manie holie Fathers, yet hath he not hitherto shewed, that the Bishope of Rome within the space o•• six hundred yeares after Christ, was euer called the Vniuersall bishope, Or the head of the vniuersall Church, VVhich thinge i••

he could haue shewed, I beleue he wold not so lightlie haue tripte it ouer.

See, how ernest he is, vpon the name of Vniuersall Bishop. And how sore him selfe stumbleth, at one simple word (Tripping.) And how much he craketh, before the end, that the word he looketh for, is not yet shewed. But see in an other place.

D. Harding, from the 108. leafe to the 119. of his boke, proueth the necessitie of one head, and authoritie of the Bishope of [ 1] Rome.

By naturall reason. By Appeales [ 2-3] made to Rome. By Excommunications [ 4] directed from Rome. By Elections of Bishopes, confirmed by the Pope. By his Approuinge or Disprouinge of [ 5] Councels, By restoringe, of Bishopes [ 6] wrongfulli cōdēned, to their Churches. [ 7] By Bishops and Patriarches reconci∣led vnto him. And then goeinge forward in this matter, Although it be a childish thinge (saieth he) to sticke at the name, any thinge is called by, yet I will

bringe good witnesse for these names, VNIVERSAL BISHOPE & HEAD of the CHVRCH.

This, I trow, should cause M. Iew. to be more calme and quiet, consideringe that he shall not tary longe, but haue the very Names brought furth, which he craueth so much for. But, he must make somewhat of nothinge, aud seeme to be a Winner, before his aduersarie ioyne with him. And therfore, he taketh him selfe to Coniectures and Gheasses, sayinge:

Here M. Hardinge secretlie confesseth,* 1.18 that in al he hath hitherto alleaged, he hath not yet found, that the bishop of Rome was knowen in the world, within the space of the first six hundred yeares after Christ, by the Name, either of the Vniuersall bishop, or of the Head of the Church.

Well, because you are so importunate and hastie with vs vpon the foresayd Titles: I can not stay now, to tell you here againe of your crakinge, but wil make speede, to the places which might satisfie your expectation.

D. Hardinge therfore, from the 119.

leafe, to the 124. proueth, by S. Gregorie, that the Councell of Chalcedon called the Bishop of Rome the vniuersall Bi∣shop: And by S. Chrysostome, S. Hie∣rome, S. Cyrill, and others, he proueth that Peter was called the Head of the Church. Now betwene he sayeth, that euery where almost, this Name is attri∣buted to S. Peter either in Termes equiualent, or expresly.* 1.19

Thereupon, M. Iewell triumpheth. Thus he doubteth at the matter and stam∣mereth and faltereth at the beginninge.* 1.20 But if the B. of Rome were the Head of the Church in deede,* 1.21 so allowed and taken in the whole world: why was he neuer expresly and plainly Named so? VVas there no man in the world then, for the space of six hundred yeares, able to expresse his Name; Againe. It had bene the simpler and plainer dealinge for M. Hardinge to haue saied, This Name can not yet be found: and so to haue taken a longer daie.

What will you doe when you ouer∣come

in deede, which although y^e stroke be but cominge, make rekeninge of your gaines, And accompt it halfe a Victorie, for that it is not more quickly geuen? But D. Hardinge, before he bringeth furth the ex∣presse Terme (Head) to diminish the neede∣les curiositie of some persons, he sayeth:

VVhat forceth it,* 1.22 whether that very terme (HEAD) be found in any auncient writer, or no? And it foloweth, But to take away occasion of cauill, I wil alleage a few places, where the ex∣presse Terme (HEAD) is attribu∣ted to Peter the first B. of Rome.

Here now should M. Iew. be attent, in harkeninge to the Obiection. But, as though al the matter were lyke to be lost, for lacke of a good face to set vpon it, he looketh merily vpō the cause, And turneth his eye away from that which is coming against him, And is glad for a thinge past & gone, I can not tell what: Sayinge.

Gentill reader,* 1.23 I beseche the, marke wel this dealinge. This Name the (Head) of the v∣niuersall Church is the (verie Thing) that we denie,* 1.24 And that M. Hardinge hath taken in

hand to proue, And boldly auoucheth, that he hath already plainly shewed and proued the same: yet now, in the end, finding him self destitute,* 1.25 he turneth it of, as a thinge of nought. Againe: VVithin the space of the first six hundred yeares, there were in Rome 68. Bishops,* 1.26 for their Constance in fayth, for their vertu and Lerninge, far exceedinge the rest that haue bene ••ithence. The Number of them beinge so greate,* 1.27 their Learninge so no table, their Life so holie, it is meruaile M. Hardinge should not be able to showe that ani one of them al, in so Long time, was once caled the (Head) of the Church, & therfor should thus rest vpon S. Peter, who, when he receaued these Titles was not bishop of Rome, And of whom there is no question moued.

Here lacketh (I confesse) no Inuention or Exornation. A Title only or two are sought for. The finding of which, is made to be of Greate Importance.

The omnipotencie of Christ is conside∣red [ 1] for the matter (because he was hable to geaue the Power & Title both togeather)

The disposition of the Aduersarye (be∣cause [ 2] if he could, he would bring them furthe.)

The space of six hundred yeres (whether [ 3]

in that tyme no man was hable to expres∣se them.)

[ 4] The number and worthinesse of 68. Biss¦hopes of Rome, (with a special maruel, y^• M. Hardinge should not be hable to shew that any one of them al, in so Longe tyme was once called Heade of the Church.) And al this (with much more, which I let passe) is considered and Amplified to the most Vantage, As though it would be saide: Good Lord what a felow is he, that hath so opposed al the world? And how can that be, but of Greate force to saluation, about which, so Notable a Clerke doth keepe so greuous a Stur?

Yet in very deede, those his Sentences are not Argumentes of his well sayinge, but rather Copies, of his foule crakinge. Which how vayne and vnsensible it is, let it now be tried, by indifferēt Readers. For, if it had ben plainly Answered vnto him, at the beginninge: That these forsaied Titles could not be found, he might (I graunt) haue Concluded as he doth:* 1.28 Ergo mie asser∣tion is true, (vnderstād verbo tenus, that is, concerninge the outward sound of y^e word only) But Crake thereof he could not by any right: Because he winneth no more, but that no such Name was then vsed: and

cometh not to the Thinge it selfe, and Sub¦staunce of the questiō. Yea rather, he might be ashamed, To Looke so bygge, And Speake so lowdly, And Prouoke so gene∣rally, And Stur about so busily, And geaue great hope of victorie, And when all that he asketh, is Graunted, to be able to make no other vantage, but only this: Ergo mie as∣sertion is True. Yea forsoth A worthie As∣sertion, To proue that, And stand vpon y^t, And bragge on that, which the Aduersarie may easely graunt, without any losse of the cause, & you hauinge it yelded vnto you, cā infer nothing against y^e Popes supremicie.

Take it vnto you M. Iew. that the name, Vniuersall Head, is not found: We are con∣tent with y^• sense or Meaninge of the name.* 1.29 Returne you home, from your Greate fight, with certaine bare Titles & Letters: And the aduersarie hath not much to com∣plaine, keepinge the Thinge it selfe with him, vnder other wordes and Letters.

You haue done valiantly, (I trow) to stand against al mē aliue vpon two names and Titles: And we are not much hurted, when, for all your Cost, and Charges, you haue come nothing nigh to y^e matter, which by those Names or other, is imported.

Thus, if D. Hardinge would make short, and graunt vnto M. Iew. his Assertion: Yet should he so litle make any Bost or Tri¦umphe thereof, that the might rather be ashamed, to leaue the Thinges them sel∣ues, and striue vpon the bare Names of them. But, on the other side, now, whereas D. Harding hath, not only so de∣clared the cause of the B. of Rome, that, without seekinge or caringe for the Names of Vniuersall Bishop or head, he hath, plainely proued his Supremicie: But also hath condescended vnto M. Iewels Infir∣mitie or Curiositie, And hath brought furth, in conuenient place, the very Names themselues which M. Iew. demaundeth: What modestie or honestie is this,* 1.30 so, to Triumph, and Crake, as though thei were not at al found out and recited?

If he Answered D. Hardinge before he had Read what he had sayed: he Answered by happ and not by cunninge: If he Read ouer this Article, before he beganne to Re∣plie against it, how did he not marke, that in the later part thereof, the very Names which he asketh for, are alleged out of the Auncient Fathers? And then further, how should he, so, either dissemble or trifle, as, to

presse in still vpon his aduersarie, with Im¦portunate & Impertinēt askinge for those Titles, (the place of shewinge the which foloweth afterward) and thereupon so solemly to Triumph, as though no such Title were to be found at all, because they were not found Immediately in the begin∣ninge of the Article, but in the latermost part only thereof?

But here now let vs consider, whether M. Iew. as he was hastie in askinge for those foresaied Titles, whiles the place was not yet come where D. Hardinge apointed to vtter thē: so now, whē they are brought furth against him let vs see whether he Shifteth not as fast away from them, as euer he was Inquisitiue for them, And whether he do not in deede Trip nicely ouer the Doctors:

Leo the greate,* 1.31 B. of Rome, was cal∣led in the Councell of Chalcedon by the Name of VNIVRSAL BISHOP. And this Councell was within the six hundred yeares after Christ:* 1.32 Ergo your Assertion M. Iew. is false.

In answeringe to this Argument, first you comfort your selfe, that this is the first Testimonie of D Hardinges, for profe

of the Name it selfe: with,* 1.33 Ergo hitherto, he hath nor found it. Much good may it do you if yow can make anie thing of it, sauing a Beggarly and an Idle Bragge.

Then, you signifie, that you will sticke at the Name it selfe. Because D. Hardinge warned you, That y^e Thinge sufficiently proued, to sticke at y^e Name it self was but a Childish point. 3. After this, you cast the Accompt,* 1.34 that the Councell of Chal¦cedon was holden in the yeare of our lord 488. Ergo of the whole number of the six hundred yeares,* 1.35 M Hardinge freely euen at the sight, hath yelded vs backe, foure hun∣dred eight skore and eight yeares (writen out at length and not in figures of Arith∣metike, to make the more show) towardes the rekeninge. As who should say, he shall not goe backe againe, And glad I am that there remayne but 112. yeares to ac∣compt vpon, for the which I will Shift well enough.

Fourthly, He addeth that Leo Accuseth that whole Councell of Ambition, and that the Apostolike See of Rome, in part allowed it not By which you may gather, that the Pope thē, much within y^e 600. after Christ,

toke him selfe to be of Greater Authoritie then the whole Councel: the Actes wherof, he either Confirmed or Disalowed by his final sentence.

After this you come to VVhat If, and say: [ 5] VVhat if there were no such Title, either Geauen or offered in the Councell{reversed ?}* 1.36 Againe: VVhy doth not M. Hardinge alleage, either y^• Place or the Canō or the wordes? Againe. Why geaueth he no Note in the Margine? &c. Mary, because he went not about to pro¦ue his sayinge by any Canon or decree of y^e Councell, but by other sufficient authoritie.

Now a man would thinke that by this [ 6] tyme, ye had tryfied enough. Yet ye pro∣cede in your Vanitie, & find matter of talke where none is geuē,* 1.37 with: Perhaps he will say, this Canon was burnt by some heretikes. &c. No M. Iew. he wil not say so: Yet you, as though he were like to say it, do make a Solemne & Curiouse Confutation of it: How that it were much for him to say so. And concludinge with a victorious Epiphone∣ma and Acclamation, ye Vaunt and say. M. Hardinge hath no other Councell, within 600. yeares after Christ to hold by, but only this: and yet the same can not be found.

Wel syr, what haue ye more to daly vpō?

Will ye now at length come to the matter? You haue perchaunce forgot your selfe, And therfore I will put you in memorie, what you must answer vnto.

D. Hardinge, to proue that the B. of Rome hath ben called by the Name of Vni∣uersall bishop, allegeth S. Gregorie. You haue asked where it is to be found in the Councel, And you would make him to be laughed at,* 1.38 Or discredited, that He allegeth a Coūcell without a Canō. But he speaketh it expressely y^t, you shall looke for it, not in y^e Coūcell, but in S. GREGORIE. What answer ye now?

This is an vntruth to beguile the reader.* 1.39

Then I beshrew the lyer. But, how do you proue it?

For Gregorie sayeth not,* 1.40 the bishops in that Councell, Saluted, Intitled, Proclamed, or Called the bishop of Rome by that name: only he saieth, the Name of Vniuersal bishop was Offered by the Councell of Chalcedon to the B. of Rome.* 1.41 He saieth they Offered to Call him so, but that they Called him so in deede, he saieth not.

What meane you bere by, They OFFE∣RED to call him so? Is OFFERED taken there, for makinge a Profer, Or for goinge about to call him so? If it be, how

might this Ridle of yours be perceaued? or how might I conceaue, that they made such an Offer? First, they stode vp perchaunce, They looked one vpon another, They turned them selues to y^t Presidentes of that Councell, They held furth their hādes as if they had somewhat to geaue, They bowed w^t their bodies, They gaped & breathed, like mē very desyrouse & willinge to Offer some what: but speake they durst not. Who then can tell vs, of their Meaninge? or who can say, that those Bishops, by these Gestu∣res, do Intend to call the B. of Rome, an Vniuersall bishop? For, A thousand other matters there are, which may lye in the hart of man, before the vtteringe of which, these Profers and Signes do goe.

How can M. Iew. then, make vs vnder∣stand it, that the Offers which the Fathers of the Chalcedō Councell made, were Pro∣per and Speciall tokens of the Title Vniuersal bishop, which they were readie to call him by, And not of some other thinge? Or how can he say, that not Callinge him so in deede, they went yet about it to Call him so? Thinketh he, that they had respect so longe before, to his Honestie, And feared to let the Title of Vniuersall bishop to passe

their Lippes, least M. Iew. should be con∣strained to yeld and Subscribe, and that therfore they Offered (no man I beleue can tell how) to Call him so, but Called him not so in deede.

Suppose it M. Iewel (which is proba∣ble enough, least by deuienge my case, you should crst, Alas, then hath he lost a good ar∣gument) suppose I say, that A Catholike were before you, And consideringe your owtward Behauior, with Relation had to your Bookes, Or otherwise takinge Occa∣sion or Indignation, would thinke you in his conscience, to be an Hypocrite and A wrangler, And therewith Offer to call you so: except he veter so much by expresse word or writinge of his owne, Or consent vnto it, by sa••e other mans mouth or hande, cou••d you, with all your Lerned Councell, be able to change 〈◊〉〈◊〉 therewithall, and say that In deede he Called you not so, but yet Offered so to doe? No surely, except ye had A Familiar (which through his subtilitie of Nature, is able to 〈◊〉〈◊〉 better of a mans intent and meaninge, than the quickest per∣son of sight and witt in all the word) no mortall Creature is able to know what is within a man.

Returne then, with your consideration, vnto the fathers of the Chal••edon Co••••∣cell. If they Offered to Call y^e B. of Rome vniuersall Bishop, either that was percea∣ued by their wordes, either by their wri∣tinge, or some other plaine Signe. If 〈◊〉〈◊〉 writinge, that confirmeth the Popes Su∣premicie better, then if they had but spokē it, because it tarieth longer, and testifieth plainer. If by wordes, then vndoubtedly they Called him so. But, if they made but a Profer, and did it not in deede, who could tell you, that their Profer had such a Sense and Meaninge in it? whereas it is impossible to know particularly, what an other thinketh, except it be vttered of the partie him selfe, by some word, Or Signe as good as his word? And bysides this, If you can say, that their Secret mind and wil was so bent and disposed toward the B. of Rome as you imagine, how so euer you came by y^e knowledge, Yet this is mani¦fest, y^e it must not be absurd for vs to geaue him a Singular Reuerence and 〈◊〉〈◊〉, whō so Great & Graue a Councel thought in their hartes, to excell in authoritie aboue others, & therfore should Offer (to signifie their good will) to cal him Vniuersal bishop

though in deede they Called him not so.

But who is the Author of this false tale•• M. Iewel. where had he it? Of S. Grego∣rie, as he sayeth. But doth S. Gregorie say so? be not these his very wordes: Nomen OBLATVM est, the name was OFFE∣RED? Doth it not serue the purpose of which he speaketh in those Epistles, that the Name was in deede geauen to his Pre∣decessors? For he sayeth, that they neuer con¦sented to reaceue it. But how could this be, except that very Name, which they refused, had ben Offered? for if they did but Offer to cal him so: then did they not yet so cal him. & not callinge him by the name,* 1.42 how could the other well refuse, that, which at all was not vttered? But that this shift of Interpre¦tation may not serue you, marke what S. Gregorie writeth vnto the Bishop of Con¦stantinople.* 1.43

VVere not the Bishops (as your holinesse knoweth) of this Apostolike see,* 1.44 (which by Gods disposinge I serue and attend) called (by the reuerend Coūcel of Chalcedō VNIVERSALES VNIVERSAL, by an Honor or Name (not sought for, but) Offered?

Here M. Iewel ye haue, that the B. of Rome were called so. S. Gregory testifi∣eth it, his Authority you seeme to regard & honor, especially in this matter of Vniuer∣sall Bishop. Ergo your Assertion is false, fo∣lowing the very word and Title, which so Cowhartly, and yet Braggingly allwaies you driue vs to finde. And now therefore you must Subscribe. Except you will flee from the word, vpon which you haue hi∣therto so much sticked, vnto your Meaning vpon the word. Which we woulde sayne haue you to do: but thē, you could not crake as you haue done, by setting forth your selfe, vnder this bare Title of vniuersall Bishop or Head. &c. which now being found out a∣gainst you, you begin to seke more rome be¦cause you are pinched, and to extende this word CALLED to signify, SALVTED, INTITLED, PROCLAIMED, but this Shift is not yet so currant. Howbeit, great feare there is, leaste after an other boke set forthe as big as this whiche alrea∣dy is made, by much turning of wordes, y•• will more often vse INTITLED and PROCLAIMED in steade of Called, that the question may be, not what was thē ••one, but what OPENLY and Ordinarily

was INTITLED and PROCLAI∣MED.

But let vs cōsider a plainer place against you, and so discouer an other maner of shif∣ting. You sticke vpon the bare F••ame, and as long as the Equiualent, and n••t y^e same which you specified, is brought forth, ye in∣sult still and egge your Aduersarye. What wil you say now then, whē it shalbe plain∣ly shewed? Athanasius, Ischyriō, Theodorus saluted S. Leo in three sundry Epistles, by the name of Vniuersall Patriarche: Ergo your Assertion is false and you must Sub∣scribe. How auoid you? Mary ye cōfesse it to be true.

But of that whole number of sixe hundred and thirty Bishops,* 1.45 there assēbled, I trow M. Harding is not wel able to shew, that any one euer Saluted or Called him so.

Why doe you take your question so, that three honest mens Testimonies are not suf∣ficient,* 1.46 but you must haue a whole Coūcell to call the Pope Vniuersall Bishop, Or els ye wil not be consuted? You asked, whether the B. of Rome was then called vniuersall Bi∣shop.* 1.47 And you limited it not within the cō∣passe of Generall Councell. Therfore if ye

will sticke to the wordes, you muste Sub∣scribe, Or els confesse, that this was one of the shiftes which you kept in store.

But why should you refuse the Te∣stimonies of Athanasius, Ischyrion, and Theodorus, supposing that it were true, y^e in the Councel of Chalcedon, no one called the B. of Rome Vniuersall Bishop? The one of them, Athanasius, was a Priest, the other two were Deacons. But what of that? You make light of them as though they were some abiectes of the world, and say:

A straunge Priest,* 1.48 and two poore Deacons in their Priuate Sutes for their Goodes and Legacies, named Leo the Vniuersall Bishop.

Ergo, within six hundred yeares 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Christe, there were that Called and 〈◊〉〈◊〉 the B. of Rome Vniuersall Bishop. B. 〈◊〉〈◊〉 ye except against Priestes, and Pore Dea∣cons, and suche as haue 〈◊〉〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉〈◊〉 ye will allowe none of the Cleargy for a witnesse, except he be a Bishop, and sit in a generall Councell. Or a 〈◊〉〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Prelate. Ergo, here againe ye sticke not to the wordes of your question, but 〈…〉〈…〉 a Copy of another kind of your 〈◊〉〈◊〉.

How say ye now then to S. Peter? He was Bishop of Rome, and he was called Heade of the Churche: Ergo, a Bishop of Rome was called Head of the Churche. Haue ye any shift for this argument?

But M. Harding knoweth the case is mo∣ued* 1.49 not of S. Peter, but specially and namely of the bishop of Rome.

But Master D. Harding inferreth, that S. Peter was Bishop of Rome: ergo your Assertion is false, if you sticke to the bare Letter of your question, and inuent not some otherway to eskape by. But when wil M. Iewel be to seeking? For I dout not (sayeth he)

But M. Harding doth remember,* 1.50 that the question that lieth betweene vs, riseth not of any Extraordinary Name once or twice ge∣uen vpon some speciall Affection:* 1.51 but of the vsuall and knowen Title of the Bishoppe of Rome.

How shoulde he remember that, whiche you were not so Gentle or Wise, to tel him of? Haue ye not alwaies pressed hym, with bringing forth of the Name of vniuersal Bi∣shop▪ Haue ye not misliked with him for it, that he would not be bound to shewe the Name, though he brought as much in sense

as the Name importeth?

This haue ye done through your whole Aunswer with extreme Craking and In∣sultation. And now, when to satisfy your fantasticall request, he hath alleaged the ve∣ry Names and Titles, which you vaunted your selfe so much vpon, as thoughe they were neuer able to be found in any wryter: ye flee to the Interpretation and Limitati∣on of your question, and stick not to y^e plain and Grammatical construction of it.

And now (see the vanity) your selfe are able to bring forth good Authoritye, where some Bishop of the worlde was called vni∣uersall Patriarch,* 1.52 and that, not by shifting of Termes one for another, but in plaine, mani∣fest and expresse wordes, and suche as in no wise, may be denied.

Say you so? Why then haue you, all this while, made such a matter of findinge oute these Termes vniuersal bishop, and hed. &c. as though you would straight waies sub∣scribe and yeld, if you might therein be an∣swered. And why say you so constantly in an other place, This Name is the verye thing that we deny. If your selfe haue the places for that purpose already prepared & gathe∣red (vndoubtedly to the Greate Praise of* 1.53

your Note Boke) why doe you with suche brauery demaund them of your Aduersa∣ries? Or with extreme Iniquitie, make a Tumult and Stur in mens consciencies for that word, in which your selfe do know you are but a Bragger? For, if the Bishope of Constantinople were called an Vniuersall Patriarch & caet. how could you mistruste, but as much and with more reason, might haue bene sayed of the B. of Rome, which was (as you confesse) the Cheife of the four Patriaches? Or how could you be so earnest, in reprouinge of that Title, which your wisedome confesseth (for a Surplu∣sage to shew your greate learning and stu∣dy) to haue bene geuen to baser persons then the B. of Rome is?

If your Conscience were open, through your owne sincere and true Dealing, Or if by the Authorities, which we should allege, you were constrayned, outwardly to ex∣presse, what ye conceaue and cōcele within: then should it be euident in sight, that ye passe no more for the Names of Vniuersall Bishope, Or Head of the Vniuersal Church, though a thowsand Fathers had geauen them to the B. of of Rome: then you doe regard the Termes, Realy, Verely & truly

with such like,* 1.54 when they are by Catholike writers attributed to Christes body in the Sacrament. And like as whē these words, Principality, Primacy, Cheife Rule or Ruler, are proued to haue ben spokē by old Fathers of y^e See of Rome, or B. there: you turne your selfe to some dictionary or Eti∣mologicō of your owne or others,* 1.55 & say, A Principal Church, is sometime vsed of the Fa∣thers in this sense, to signifie a Ciuil dominiō or principalitie of a Citie. Againe, Primatus is vsed for any superioriti or prefermēt aboue others: Againe, Princeps, in the latin tōge is oftē vsed for a mā,* 1.56 that, for his vertu or rome, or any singular qualitie, is to be had in estima¦tiō aboue others:* 1.57 To be short, wheras you say, being pressed to S. Ambrose authoritie which called Damasus y^• B. of Rome,* 1.58 The Rector & gouernor of y^e church. Let vs cōsider whether the self••ame form of speach, haue bē applied to any other in like sort. By which shift, you satisfie y^e cōmō readers, vn∣til you be againe answered to your greater cōfusiō: so, hauing in your bosō, Iam sure, lik distinctiōs & expositiōs, wher Vniuersal B. & Head of the church, are sundry wayes vsed, you wold neuer (if you had ben aquiet 〈◊〉〈◊〉 & louer of truth) so lōg haue cōtinued,

in requiring those ve••y Termes to be alle∣ge••, which, as you do expound them, proue not to you sufficiētly y^e Popes Supremicy.

You affirme,* 1.59 that, in deede in a kinde of speach, both Rome and Antioche, and other great Cities, famous for Religion, may be cal∣led the Head and Spring of the Gospel. And what shal let you then to turne thē to phra∣ses, whatsoeuer Titles be found attributed to the B. of Rome: & so, by a kind of speach, to make that Common which is Singular? Wherby it is manifest that ye maintain Cō∣tention, and put those thinges forth, which you know to be Nedelesse and Weake, and Feeble, only to try perchaunce the strength of your Aduersaries, to the Commēdation of your owne Learning, Or Vttering of y^t Notes which ye haue gathered, Or to op∣presse your Answerer wyth multitude of words and quarels, y^t for the very heaps of them, being either not Answered at all, Or answered not so speedily, you might triūph i•• y^• meane space, w^t some probability. For, when y^• Catholikes alleage Termes of like force and Equiualent, then wil you haue no other but the Names of Vniuersall Bishop and Head &c and then the Name is the thing that you deny.* 1.60

And when those selues same very NAMES are brought before you, then ye make as though it were no harde matter to haue founde them out, but then bring you the lyke of your owne Motion: and then you run to Limitations vpon your question, and to Shiftinge frome one point to an∣other, declaringe thereby, that your sense only is to be cōsidered, although ye peeked the quarell against the Word. But where will you staie your selfe?

For if it were proued, in most ample manner, with al Conditions and Circum∣stances (as you by Shiftinge, haue nowe added to the Principall question) that, the B. of Rome was not called, but Intitled and Proclamed, not of Priests & pore Dea∣cons, but of some Riche Prelates sitting in GENERAL COVNCEL, and that, not once or twise vpō fauor, but by an Vsu∣all and knowen Stile: All this would not conuert M. Iewel. For in the end of this Article these be his wordes, Or rather his difinitiue sentence:

Although that which the Pope claymeth,* 1.61 were his very right, yet by his owne Iudge∣ment, he is whorthie to lose it. For Pope Gregorie saieth: Priuilegium meretur amit∣tere, qui abutitur potesta••e.* 1.62 He that abuseth

his authoritie, is worthie to lose his priuilege. And Pope Siluerius sayeth: Etiam quod ha∣buit amittat, qui quod non accepit, vsurpat. He that vsurpeth that he receaued not, let him loose that he had.

Be it so. He, for his own part deserueth. Like as the Temporal heades and Princes of the world, whē they doe not their office, are worthie of losinge it. But who shall depose them? It must be done by Law, and not by Insurrection. And vntil lawful pro∣cesse against them be ended, the Common Wealthes are bound to obey them, be they neuer so vnworthie. Yet the Princes are made by men, and raceaue Authoritie, not immediatly from God, but of the Cōmon Wealth which doth choose them. But the Pope, whome Christ him selfe (without Consent of men goinge before, or voyce of y^• world) hath made Head of his Church, throughout the whole worlde: who shall take his Priuilege frome him, if he should be thereof vnworthie?

For the Prerogatiue and chiefe Autho∣ritie geauen by God, muste continew, what soeuer the partye his merites are,

The Apostle also saieng:

There is no power except it be frō God: and obey you,* 1.63 Prepositours and such as are set ouer you.* 1.64

And if the chosen of God,* 1.65 King Dauid hauinge Saull at a vantage, besought God to staye his handes, that hym selfe might not kill hym sweringe, that, As trewlye as GOD liueth, excepte God stroke hym, or hys tyme were come to dye, or he should be destroyed in Battayle, he would not lay hāds vpon the Anoynted of God: And if our Sauiour Christe com∣maunded the Iewes,

To doe that which the Scribes and Pharisies dyd saye vnto them, though their lyuing and behauiour otherwise was so euill, that he charged them, not to doe as they dyd,

who dare be so bould, as hurte Or disso∣beye, the Anoynted of God, The Highest Bisshoppe in all Christendome, the Suc∣cessour of S. Peter, lawfullye sutttrg in Chaire and Place, of Instructinge and gouerning the Faithfull?

Wil the Superintendētes of the Church of England doe it? By what law and reason? Mary, y^• Canon law shalbe brought furth, 11. quaest. 2. p••iuilegium. and 25. quaest. 2. Sic decet & caet. And M. Iewel shal alleage a Glose or make a Glose vpon it, Of which the whole Fraternity must cōclude, that if it were neuer so much proued, that the B. of Rome, was Called in the six hundred yeres after Christ, Head of the Vniuersall Church, And though it were his verye Right: Ye••, for as much he abuseth his Priuilege, he deserueth to leese it, And we wil haue him no more Obeied. Fare well he. And so breketh out this fourth Artitle, into Presumptuons Contempte of Law∣full Authoritie.

[ 1] Thus haue we the cumpasse of M. Ie∣wels triflinge Processe. First, the Name (he saieth) can not be found, and as long as that Answer will hold, he Insulteth and Braggeth like Iewel him selfe.

[ 2] Then, the Calling of S. Leo Vniversal Bisshope, in the Councel of Chalcedon, was not a Calling of him so in deede, but an Offering to cal him so. And so the tes∣tymony of y^• inward Goodwill is not suf∣ficiente, but he muste haue it declared by

worde of mouthe.

Thirdly, poore Priestes and Deacons, [ 3] but none of the Councell of Chalcedon did geue it. So by like none but Noble Per∣sonages, and men of honor shall geaue Voices.

Fourthly, though S. Peter, the first [ 4] Bisshope of Rome, were so called, yet the question is not moued of him, but of the Pope. So might the Successour challenge nothing, of the Prerogatiue of his Prede∣cessour.

Fyfthly, if it were geuen but once Or [ 5] twise, it is no matter: because our question (sayth he) is of the Vsual Stile. So must we bringe furth a Proclamation (I trow) Or Scale for it, Or els nothing is done.

Sixthly in a kinde of Speache the B. [ 6] of Rome, as also of Constantinople may be called by the Title of VNIVERSAL. So shail it be but a Phrase only, and of no weight Or Substance, what so euer be alleaged for these Titles aforsayed.

Last of all, if it were the Popes Right, [ 7] Yet is he worthy to leese it. And so it ••ooteth no more, to Reason of this ques∣tion, for that they haue done, they wil not 〈◊〉〈◊〉: Such is theyr finall determination.

By which way of violence and force, if the cause of Religion may be folowed, ye will be to stronge (M. Iewel) not only for Op∣pressed Catholikes in these your prospe∣rous daies, but allso againste quiet Catho∣likes, where they liue with the loue of their Soueraignes. But if this muste needes seeme vnreasonable in Professors of a new Gospel, which take vpon them to direct vs by the expresse woorde of the Lorde in the Right knowledge of all Truthe and Ho∣nesty: I will truste, that this Detection of you their Chiefe man of Warre, Shifting, Striuing, Craking, Dissembling, Ly∣ing, Triumphing. &c. will cause the Indifferent Reader, to Beware of M. Iewel. (❧❧ ❧)

Thus endeth the First Booke.

Notes

• * 1.1

  A reaso∣nable re∣questo
• * 1.2

  ••at. fo. 101.
• * 1.3

  Iew. 220
• * 1.4

  Io. 1.
• * 1.5

  Christ ga¦ue S. Pe¦ter a Title of dignitie and po∣wer.
• * 1.6

  Mat. 16.
• * 1.7

  Psal. 44.
• * 1.8

  Mar. 16.
• * 1.9

  Mat. 10.
• * 1.10

  Mat. 23.
• * 1.11

  To anger or troble the Catho¦likes M. Iewel mak••th obiections against God him∣selfe.
• * 1.12

  Either foolishe or blasphe¦mous.
• * 1.13

  D. Har. Fo. 106.
• * 1.14

  Iren. lib. 3. cap. 3.
• * 1.15

  Amb. 2. Cor. 12.
• * 1.16

  Aug. epi. 162.
• * 1.17

  Iew. 254 Here be∣gynneth the he and 〈◊〉〈◊〉.
• * 1.18

  Iew. fol. 295. An other copy of vn¦reasonable crakinge.
• * 1.19

  Har. fo. 110.
• * 1.20

  Iew. 30••
• * 1.21

  More crakinge.
• * 1.22

  Har. fo. 1••1.
• * 1.23

  Iew. 306
• * 1.24

  Fol. 77.
• * 1.25

  Lycinge and.
• * 1.26

  Iew. 20
• * 1.27

  Bragg••∣ge owt of measure.
• * 1.28

  Iew. 306
• * 1.29

  A Greate victorie and nothing taken.
• * 1.30

  Consider M. Ie∣wels be hauiour.
• * 1.31

  Har. fol. 119.
• * 1.32

  Note the seuen fetches or flinges, or vagaries, or delaies or trials how to escape,
• * 1.33

  which M. Iewel he∣re najetg vefire ge cine 〈…〉〈…〉 Iew. 295
• * 1.34

  Hard. fol. 119.
• * 1.35

  Iew. 296.
• * 1.36

  Iew. 297
• * 1.37

  Iew. 297.
• * 1.38

  Iew. 198
• * 1.39

  Iew.
• * 1.40

  ••97. Shift.
• * 1.41

  S. Grego¦rie shame∣ful•• inter¦preted.
• * 1.42

  The for∣sayed shift vtterly taken awaie.
• * 1.43

  Lib 4. epist. 38.
• * 1.44

  The B. of Rome called vni¦uersal. Oblato honore.
• * 1.45

  Iew. 298
• * 1.46

  What a 〈◊〉〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉〈◊〉
• * 1.47

  Iew. ••••0
• * 1.48

  Iew. 298
• * 1.49

  Iew. 308
• * 1.50

  Iew. 309
• * 1.51

  Shiftinge and lying.
• * 1.52

  Iew. 30•• Hipocrite.
• * 1.53

  Iew. ••06.
• * 1.54

  M. Iew. seketh not peace and concord, but con••ē∣tion and s••••ite.
• * 1.55

  Iewel. 244
• * 1.56

  245
• * 1.57

  246
• * 1.58

  Iew. 306
• * 1.59

  194
• * 1.60

  From o••e corner to an other.
• * 1.61

  Extre•••• shi••••.
• * 1.62

  Iew. 31••
• * 1.63

  Rom. 13.
• * 1.64

  Heb. 13.
• * 1.65

  1. Reg. 24