The history of the world

The Contents of the Chapters, Paragraphes, and Sections, in the fift Booke of the first Part of the Historie of the WORLD.

CHAPTER I. Of the first Punicke Warre.

• §. I. A Discussion of that Probleme of LIVIE; Whether the Ro∣mās could haue resisted the great ALEXANDER. That neither the Macedonian, nor the Roman Souldier, was of equall valour 〈◊〉〈◊〉 the English.
• §. II. The estate of Carthage, before it entred into warre with Rome.
• ...

• §. III. The beginning of the first Punick Warre. That it was vniustly vnder-taken by the Ro∣mans.
• §. IIII. Of the Iland of Sicil.
  • †. I. THe qualitie of the Iland: and the first in∣habitants thereof.
  • †. II. The plantation of the Greekes in Sicil.
  • †. III. Of the gouernement and affaires of Sicil, before Dionysius his tyrannie.
  • †. IIII. Of Dionysius the Tyrant; and others, following him, in Syracuse.
• §. V. 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of the Roman warre in Sicil. How Hieron, King of Syracuse, for∣sooke the Carthaginians; and made his peace with Rome.
• §. VI. How the Romans besiege, and winne A∣grigentum. Their beginning to maintayne a fleet. Their first losse, and first victorie by Sea. Of Sea-fight in generall.
• §. VII. Diuers enterfeats of warre, betweene the Romans and Carthaginians, with variable successe. The Romans prepare to inuade A∣frick: and obtayne a great victorie at Sea.
• §. VIII. The Romans preuaile in Africk. Atilius the Consul propoundeth intolerable conditi∣ons of peace to the Carthaginians. He is vt∣terly beaten, and made prisoner.
• §. IX. How the affaires of Carthage prospered af∣ter the victorie against Atilius, How the, Ro∣mans, hauing lost their fleete by tempest, re∣solue to forsake the Seas. The great aduanta∣ges of a good fleet in warre, betweene Nations diuided by the Sea.
• §. X. How the Romans attempt againe to get the mastrie of the Seas. The victorie of Cae∣cilius the Roman Consul at 〈◊〉〈◊〉. The siege of Lilyboeum. How a Rhodian Galley entred Lilyboeum at pleasure, in despight of the Roman fleet. That it is a matter of great difficultie, to stop the passage of good ships. The Romans, by reason of grieuous losses re∣ceiued, vnder Claudius and Iunius their Consuls, abandon the Seas againe.
• §. XI. The Citie of Eryx is surprised by the Ro∣mans, and recouered by Amilcar; who 〈◊〉〈◊〉 holds warre with them fiue yeeres. The Ro∣mans hauing emptyed their common treasu∣rie, build a new fleet, at the charges of priuate men. The great victorie at Sea, of Luctatius the Consul; whereby the Carthaginians are forced to craue peace. The conditions of the peace betweene Rome and Carthage.

CHAP. II. Of diuers actions passing betweene the first and second Punicke VVarres.

• §. I. OF the cruell warre, begun betweene the Carthaginians, and their owne Mercinaries.
• §. II. Diuers obseruations vpon this warre with the Mercinaries.
  • †. I. OF Tyrannie: and how Tyrants are dri∣uen to vse helpe of Mercinaries.
  • †. II. That the tyrannie of a Citie ouer her sub∣iects, is 〈◊〉〈◊〉 than the Tyrannie of one man: and that a tyrannicall Citie must likewise vse mercinarie Souldiers.
  • †. III. The dangers, growing from the vse of mercinarie Souldiers, and forreigne 〈◊〉〈◊〉.
  • †. IIII. That the moderate Gouernement of the Romans, gaue them assurance to vse the ser∣uice of their owne subiects in the warres. That in mans nature there is an affection breeding tyrannie, which 〈◊〉〈◊〉 the vse and benefit of the like moderation.
• ...

• §. III. How the warre against the Mercinaries was diuersly managed by Hanno and A∣milcar, with variable successe. The bloudie counsailes of the Mercinaries; and their finall destruction.
• §. IIII. How the Mercinaries of the Carthagini∣ans, that were in Sardinia, rebelled: and were afterwards driuen out by the Ilanders. The faithlesse dealing of the Romans with the Carthaginians, in taking from them Sardi∣nia, contrarie to the peace.
• §. V. How the affaires of Carthage went, be∣tweene the African Rebellion, and the second Punicke Warre.
• §. VI. The estate of Greece from the death of Pyrrhus, to the reigne of Philip the sonne of Demerrius in Macedon.
• §. VII. How the Illyrians infested the coast of Greece; and how they were subdued by the Romans.
• §. VIII. Of the warre betweene the Romans and Gaules, somewhat before the comming of Hannibal into Italie.

CHAP. III. Of the second Punicke VVarre.

• §. I. THe warres of Hannibal in Spaine. Quarrells betweene the Romans and Carthaginians. Hannibal besiegeth and taketh Saguntum; whilest the Romans are busied with the Illyrians. Warre proclay∣med betweene Rome and Carthage.
• §. II. Hannibal takes order for the defence of Spaine and Africk, His iourney into Italie.
• §. III. How the Romans in vaine sollicited the Spaniards and Gaules to take their part. The rebellion of the Cisalpine Gaules a∣gainst the Romans.
• §. IIII. Scipio the Roman Consul ouer-come by Hannibal, at Ticinum. Both of the Ro∣man Consuls beaten by Hannibal, in a great battaile at Trebia.
• §. V. The departure of Hannibal from the Ci∣salpine Gaules into Hetruria. Flaminius the Roman Consul slaine; and his Armie deftroyed by the Carthaginians, at the Lake of Thrasymen.
• §. VI. How Q Fabius, the Roman Dictator, sought to consume the force of Hannibal, by lingring warre. Minutius, the Master of the Horse, honored and aduanced by the Peo∣ple, for bold and successefull attempting, ad∣ventures rashly vpon Hannibal: and is like to perish with his Armie; but rescued by Fa∣bius.
• §. VII. The Roman People, desirous to finish the warre quickly, choose a rash and vnworthie Consul. Great forces leuied against Hanni∣bal. Hannibal taketh the Romans prouifi∣ons in the Castle of Cannae. The new Consuls set sorth against Hannibal.
• §. VIII. Dissension betweene the two Roman Con∣suls. Whether it be likely, that Hannibal was vpon point of flying out of Italie, when the Romans pressed him to fight. The great battaile at Cannae.
• §. IX. Of things following the battaile at Can∣nae.
• §. X. Of the great supply that was decreed at

• ... Carthage, to be sent to Hannibal in Italie. How by the malice of Hanno, and sloth or parsimonie of the Carthaginians, the supply was too long deferred. That the riches of the Carthaginians grew faster, than of the Romans. Of Fabius and other old Roman Historians, how partiall they were in their writings.
• §. XI. Strange reports of the Roman victories in Spaine, before Asdrubal the sonne of A∣milcar followed thence his brother Hanni∣bal into Italie.
• §. XII. The great troubles that Hannibal 〈◊〉〈◊〉 in all quarters, to the Citie of Rome. 〈◊〉〈◊〉 the Roman Generall, with his whole Armie, is slaine by the Gaules. Philip King of Macedon enters into a League with Han∣nibal, against the Romans. The Romans, ioyning with the Aetolians, make warre vp∣on Philip in Greece: & afterwards conclude a peace with him; the better to inlend their businesse against the Carthaginians.
• §. XIII. How the Romans began to recouer their strength by degrees. The noble affection of the Romans, in relieuing the publike 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of their Common-weale.
• §. XIIII. The Romans winne some Townes backe from Hannibal. Hannibal winnes Taren∣tum. The siege of Capua. Two victories of Hannibal. The iourney of Hannibal to the gates of Rome. Capua taken by the Ro∣mans.
• §. XV. How the Carthaginiaus, making a partie in Sardinia and Sicil, held warre against the Romans in those Ilands; and were ouer∣come.
• §. XVI. How the warre passed betweene the Ro∣mans and Hannibal in Italie, from the ta∣king of Capua to the great victorie at Me∣taurus.
• §. XVII. How P. Cornelius Scipio the Roman, made entire conquest of Spaine.
  • †. I. HOw the Carthaginians were driuen by Scipio, from the Continent into the Ile of Gades.
  • †. II. Funerall games held by Scipio. A 〈◊〉〈◊〉 betweene two Spanish Princes. A digression concerning Duells.
  • †. III. The last acts of Scipio in Spaine. 〈◊〉〈◊〉 re∣turne to Rome: where he is chosen Consul.
• §. XVIII. Scipio obtaynes leaue to make warre in A∣frick. His preparations. Of Masanissa, who ioyned with Scipio. The victories against Asdrubal and Syphax.
• §. XIX. The Carthaginians desire truce: and breake it.
• §. XX. In what sort. Hannibal spent the time af∣ter the battaile of Metaurus. The doings of Mago in Italie. Hannibal and Mago cal∣led out of Italie. How the Romans 〈◊〉〈◊〉 di∣uersly affected by Hannibals departure.
• §. XXI. Hannibal in Africke prepares to fight with Scipio; treates with him about peace in vaine; loseth a battaile at Nadagara; and perswades the Carthaginians to sue for peace. Of the peace granted from Rome to Car∣thage.

CHAP. IIII. Of Philip the Father of Perseus, King of Macedon; his first Acts and Warre with the Romans, by whom he was sub∣dued.

• §. I. HOw the Romans grew acquainted in the East Countries, and desirous of warre there. The beginning of many Princes, with great Warres, at one time. The Aetolians ouer-runne Pelopon∣nesus. Philip and his Associates make warre against the Aetolians. Alteration of the State in Sparta. The Aetolians inuade Greece and Macedon; and are inuaded at home by Philip.
• §. II. How Philip was misse-aduised by ill Coun∣saylors: who afterwards wrought treason a∣gainst him; and were iustly 〈◊〉〈◊〉. Hee inuadeth the Aetolians a second time: and forceth them to sue for peace; which is gran∣ted vnto them.
• §. III. Philip, at the perswasion of Demetrius Pharius, enters into League with Hannibal against the Romans. The tenor of the League betweene Hannibal and Philip.
• §. IIII. How Philip yeelded to his naturall vices, being therein soothed by Demetrius Pha∣rius. His desire to tyrannize vpon the free States his Associates: with the troubles into which he thereby fell, whilest hee bore a part in the second Punicke Warre. Hee poyso∣neth Aratus: and growes hatefull to the Achaeans.
• §. V. Of Philopoemen Generall of the Achae∣ans: and Machanidas Tyrant of Lacedae∣mon. A battaile betweene them, wherein Machanidas is slaine.
• §. VI. Philip hauing peace with Rome, and with all Greece, Prepares against Asia. Of the Kings of Pergamus, Cappadocia, Pon∣tus, Paphlagonia, Bithynia; and their Linages. Of the Galatians.
• §. VII. The Towne of Cios taken by Philip, at the instance of Prusias King of Bithynia, and cruelly destroyed. By this and like acti∣ons, Philip groues hatefull to many of the Greekes: and is warred vpon by Attalus King of Pergamus, and by the Rhodians.
• §. VIII. The Romans, after their Carthaginian warre, seeke matter of quarrell against Phi∣lip. The Athenians, vpon slight cause, pro∣claime warre against Philip; moued thereto by Attalus whom they flatter. Philip wins diuers Townes: and makes peremptorie an∣swere to the Roman Embassadour. The fu∣rious resolution of the Abydeni.
• §. IX. The Romans decree warre against Phi∣lip, and send one of their Consuls into Greece, as it were in defence of the Atheni∣ans their Confederates. How poore the Athe∣nians were at this time, both in qualitie and estate.
• §. X. The Towne of Chalcis in Euboea, taken and sackt by the Romans and their Asso∣ciates, that lay in Garrison at Athens. Phi∣lip attempteth to take Athens by surprise: wasteth the Countrie about; and makes a iour∣ney into Peloponnesus. Of Nabis, the Ty∣rant of Lacedaemon, and his Wife. Philip offers to make warre against Nabis for the Achaeans. He returneth home through At∣tica, which he spoyleth againe; and prouides against his Enemies. Some exploits of the Romans. Diuers Princes ioyne with them. Great labouring to draw the Aetolians into the warre.
• ...

• §. XI. The meeting of Philip with the Romans, and skirmishing with them on his borders, The Aetolians inuade his Dominions: and are beaten home. Some doings of Attalus and the Roman fleet.
• §. XII. Villius the Roman Consul Wastes a yeere to no effect. Warre of the Gaules in Italie. An Embassie of the Romans to Carthage, Masanissa and Vermina. The Macedoni∣an prepares for defence of his Kingdome: and T. Quintius Flaminius is sent against him.
• §. XIII. The Romans beginne to make warre by negotiation. T. Quintius winnes a passage against Philip. Thessalie wasted by Philip, the Romans, and Aetolians. The Achaeans forsaking the Macedonian, take part with the Romans. A treatie of peace that was vaine. Philip deliuers Argos to Nabis the Tyrant; who presently enters into League with the Romans.
• §. XIIII. The battaile at 〈◊〉〈◊〉, wherein Philip was vanquished by T. Quintius.
• §. XV. T. Quintius falls out with the Aetolians, and grants truce vnto Philip, with conditi∣ons, vpon which the peace is ratified. Libertie proclaymed vnto the Greekes. The Romans quarrell with 〈◊〉〈◊〉.

CHAP. V. The Warres of the Romans with Antiochus the Great, and his Ad∣herents.

• §. I. WHat Kings, of the races of Selcu∣cus and Ptolemie, reigned in Asia and Aegypt before Antio∣chus the Great.
• §. II. The beginning of the great Antiochus his reigne. Of Ptolemie Euergetes and Philopator, Kings of Aegypt. Warre be∣tweene Antiochus and Philopator. The rebellion of Molo; and Expedition of An∣tiochus against him. The recontinuance of Antiochus his Aegyptian warre: with the passages betweene the two Kings: the victorie of Ptolemie; and peace concluded. Of A∣chaeus and his rebellion; his greatnesse, and his fall. Antiochus his Expedition against the Parthians, Bactrians; and Indians. Some-what of the Kings reigning in India, after the death of the Great Alexan∣der.
• §. III. The lewdreigne of Ptolemie Philopator in Aegypt: with the tragicall end of his Fa∣uourites, when hee was dead. Antiochus prepares to warre on the yong childe Ptole∣mie Epiphanes, the sonne of Philopator. His irresolution, in preparing for 〈◊〉〈◊〉 wars at once. His voyage toward the Hellefpont. Hee seekes to hold amitie with the Romans, who make friendly shew to him; 〈◊〉〈◊〉 neuerthelesse to haue warre with him. His doings about the Hellespont; which the Romans made the first ground of their quarrell to him.
• §. IIII. The Romans hold friendly correspondence with Antiochus, during their warre with Philip: after whith they quarrell with him. The doings of 〈◊〉〈◊〉 at Carthage: whence hee is chaced by his Enemies, and by the Romans. His flight vnto the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 An∣tiochus.

• The Aetolians murmure against the Romans in Greece. The warre of the Romans and Achaeans; with Nabis the Tyrant of Lacedaemon. The departure of the Romans out of Greece. T. Quintius his triumph. Peace denyed to Antiochus by the Romans.
• §. V. Of the long wars which the Romans had with the Gaules, Ligurians, & Spaniards. Of M. Porcius Cato. Iniuries done by Ma∣sanissa to the Carthaginians; that sue to the Romans for 〈◊〉〈◊〉 in vaine.
• §. VI. The Aetolians labour to prouoke Antio∣chus, Philip, and Nabis, to warre vpon the Romans; by whom they hold themselues wronged and disgraced. Nabis besiegeth Gyttheum, and wasteth some part of A∣chaea. The exact skill of Philopoemen in ad∣vantage of ground: whereby he vtterly van∣quisheth Nabis. Antiochus being denyed peace by the Romans, ioynes with the Aeto∣lians, The Aetolians surprise Demetrias; and, by killing Nabis their Confederate, seize vpon Sparta. But they are driuen out by the Citizens: who at Philopoemen his perswa∣sions annexe themselues to the Achaeans.
• §. VII. Antiochus, perswaded by Thoas the Ae∣tolian, comes ouer into Greece, ill attended. Sundrie passages betweene him, the Aetoli∣ans, Chalcidians, and others. Hee winnes Chalcis, & thereby the whole Ile of Euboea. The vanitie of the Kings Embassadors, and the Aetolians: with the ciuill answere of Ti∣tus to their discourse, before the Achaeans. 〈◊〉〈◊〉 it concerned the Greeks to haue desired 〈◊〉〈◊〉, between the Romans and Antiochus: as the best assurance of their owne libertie. Of many petty Estates that fell to the King. Of Aminander: and an idle vanitie, by which King Philip was lost. Hannibal giues good counsaile in vaine. Some Townes wonne in Thessalie. The King retyres to Chalcis: where he marrieth a yong 〈◊〉〈◊〉, and reuels a∣way the rest of the Winter. Vpon the comming of the Roman Consul, all forsake Antio∣chus. He with two thousand 〈◊〉〈◊〉 keeps the Streights of Thermopylae. 〈◊〉〈◊〉 is bea∣ten, and flies into Asia: leauing all in Greece vnto the Victors.
• §. VIII. Lucius Scipio, hauing with him Publius the African his elder brother, for his 〈◊〉〈◊〉, is sent into Greece. He 〈◊〉〈◊〉 long Truce to the Aetolians, that so he might at leisure passe into Asia. Much 〈◊〉〈◊〉 some bu∣sinesse by Sea: and diuers fights. An 〈◊〉〈◊〉 vpon Eumenes his 〈◊◊〉〈◊◊〉 the siege of Pergamus, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 by an 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of the Achaeans. L. Scipio the Consul comes into Asia: where Antiochus most 〈◊◊〉〈◊◊〉 desi∣reth peace, and is denyed it. The 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of Magnesia: wherein Antiochus, being 〈◊〉〈◊〉, yeeldeth to the Romans good plea∣sure. The conditions of the peace. In what sort the Romans vsed their 〈◊〉〈◊〉. L. Cornelius Scipio after a most sump uous Triumph ouer Antiochus is surnamed The Asiatique, as his brother was 〈◊〉〈◊〉 The A∣frican.
• §. IX. The Aetolians, and the Gallo-greekes, vanquished by the Roman Consuls Fuluius and Manlius. Manlius hardly obtaynes a Triumph: being charged (among other obie∣ctions) with 〈◊〉〈◊〉 to haue passed the bounds appointed as fatall to the Romans by Sibyl. Of Sibyls Prophecies: the bookes of Hermes: and that 〈◊〉〈◊〉 SIMONI DEO SANCTO. The ingratitude of Rome to the two Scipio's; and that beginning of faction among the Roman 〈◊〉〈◊〉.

CHAP. VI. The second Macedonian Warre.

• §. I. THe condition wherein those Princes and Estates remayned, which were Associates of the Romans, when the Warre with Antiochus was finished. The Romans quarrell with Philip. They deale insolently with the Achaeans. The Macedo∣nian, being vnreadie for warre, obtaines peace at Rome by his sonne Demetrius; of whom thenceforth he becomes iealous.
• §. II. The death of Philopoemen, Hannibal, and Scipio. That the militarie profession is of all other the most vnhappy: 〈◊〉〈◊〉 some examples, which may seeme to proue the contrarie.
• §. III. Philip making prouision for warre against the Romans, deales hardly with many of his owne subiects. His negotiation with the 〈◊〉〈◊〉. His crueltie. He suspecteth his sonne 〈◊〉〈◊〉. Demetrius 〈◊〉〈◊〉 by his bro∣ther 〈◊〉〈◊〉; and shortly after slaine, by his fathers appointment. Philip repenteth him of his sonnes death, whom hee findeth to haue beene innocent: and intending to reuenge it on Perseus, he dyeth.
• §. IIII. How the Bastarnae fell vpon Dardania. The behauiour of Perseus in the beginning of his reigne. Some warres of the Romans: and how they suffered Masanissa, cruelly to op∣presse the Carthaginians. They quarrell with Perseus. They allow not their Confederates to make warre without their leaue obtayned. The treason of Callicrates; whereby all Greece became more obnoxious to Rome, than in sormer times. Further quarrells to Perseus. He seeks friendship of the Achaeans, and is withstood by Callicrates. The Ro∣mans discouer their intent of warring vpon him.
• §. V. How Eumenes King of Pergamus was 〈◊〉〈◊〉, with Pharnaces, the Rhodians and others. His hatred to the Macedonian: whom he accuseth to the Roman Senate. The Se∣nate honors him greatly, and contemnes his Enemies the Rhodians; with the causes ther∣of. The vnvsuall stoutnesse of the Macedo∣nian Embassadors. Perseus his attempt vp∣on Eumenes. The brotherly loue betweene Eumenes and Attalus. Perseus his deuice to poison some of the Roman Senators: wher∣vpon they decree warre against him, and send him defiance. Other things concerning the iustice of this warre.
• §. VI. The Romans solicit the Greekes to ioyne with them in the warre against Perseus. How the Greekes stood affected in that warre. The timorousnes of Perseus. Martius a Roman Embassador deludes him with hope of peace. His forces. He takes the field; and winnes part of Thessalie. The forces of Licinius the Ro∣man Consul: and what assistants the Romans had in this warre. Of Tempe in Thessalie; and what aduantages the Macedonian had or might haue had, but lost by his fear. Perseus braues the Romans, fights with them, knowes not how to vse his victorie, sues for peace, and is denyed it by the vanquished. Perseus hauing the worse in a skirmish, forsakes all the Countrie lying without Tempe. The Boeo∣tians rebell against the Romans, and are ri∣gorously punished. The Roman Commanders vnfortunate in the warre against Perseus. They vexe the Greekes their friends; for whose ease the Senate makes prouision; hauing heard their complaints. The flattering Ala∣banders.
• §. VII. Q Martius the Roman Consul, with ex∣treme disficultie & danger, enters into Tem∣pe. The cowardize of Perseus in abandoning Tempe. The Towne of Dium quitted by Martius, repayred and fortified by the King. The Romans attempt many places, with ill successe. Their affaires in hard estate. Mar∣tius a cunning and a bad man. Polybius sent Embassador to Martius from the 〈◊〉〈◊〉. Polybius his honest wisedome beneficiall to the Achaeans. King Eumenes growes auerse from the Romans. Perseus negotiates with Antiochus and Eumenes. His false dealing with Gentius King of Illyria, whom hee drawes into the Roman war. He sends Em∣bassadors to the Rhodians, who vainely take vpon them to bee Arbitrators betweene Him

• and the Romans. Perseus loseth a mightie succour of the Bastarnae, by his wretched par∣simonie.
• §. VIII. Of L. Aemylius Paulus, the Consul. His 〈◊〉〈◊〉 He forceth Perseus to discampe. He will not hazzard battaile with any disaduan∣tage. Of an Eclipse of the Moone. Aemy∣lius his superstition. The battaile of Pydna. Perseus his flight. He forsakes his Kingdom: which 〈◊〉〈◊〉 yeelds to Aemylius. Perseus at Samothrace. Hee yeelds himselfe to the Roman Admirall; and is sent prisoner to Aemylius.
• §. IX. Gentius King of the Illyrians, ta∣ken by the Romans.
• §. X. How the Romans behaued themselues in Greece and Macedon, after their victorie ouer Perseus.
• §. XI. The warre of Antiochus vpon Aegypt, brought to end by the Roman Embassadors.
• §. XII. How the Romans were dreadfull to all Kings. Their demeanour towards Eumenes, Prusias, Masanissa, and Cotys. The end of Perseus and his children. The instabilitie of Kingly Estates. The Triumphs of Paulus, Anicius, and Octauius: With the Conclu∣sion of the worke.