Purchas his pilgrimage. Or Relations of the vvorld and the religions obserued in all ages and places discouered, from the Creation vnto this present In foure partes. This first containeth a theologicall and geographicall historie of Asia, Africa, and America, with the ilands adiacent. Declaring the ancient religions before the Floud ... With briefe descriptions of the countries, nations, states, discoueries, priuate and publike customes, and the most remarkable rarities of nature, or humane industrie, in the same. By Samuel Purchas, minister at Estwood in Essex.

CHAP. VIII.

Of the Turkish Nation: their originall, and proceedings.

ALthough some may thinke that I haue beene so tedious in the relation of the Mahumetan opinions and superstitions, that, to speake any thing more, would seeme but as pouring water into a full Sea: Yet, because there is in this World nothing certaine, but vncertainty, it being diuine prerogatiue to be Yesterday, today, the same for euer: and that this Saracenicall Religion hath sustained her chaunces and changes according to the diuersity of times and places, where it is and hath beene pro∣fessed: so do I hold it fit, as wee haue seene the foundation, to behold also the frames and fabriques thereon builded, and from that fountaine (or sincke-hole rather) of su∣perstition, to leade you along the gutters and streames thence deriued. And because the Turkes are preeminent in all those things which this profession accounteth emi∣nent, it is meetest to giue them the first place here, which else where take it and af∣ter we haue set downe a briefe History of that Nation, and the proceedings of their state, to describe their theory and opinions, and then their practise and rites of Reli∣gion. But before we come to the discouery of their religion, it is not amisse to search the beginning and increase of this Nation.

The name of Turkes signifieth (saith Chitraus) Sheepheards, or Heard-men: and such it seemeth was their auncient profession, as of the rest of the Scithians vnto this day. Nicephorus a 1.1 speaketh of the Turkes, and placeth them about Bactria: their chiefe City he calleth Taugast, which is supposed to be the work of Alexander. Their Religion he saith at that time was to worship the Fire, Ayre, Water and Earth, which they adore, and sing Hymnes to. They acknowledge GOD the maker of Heauen

and Earth, to whom they sacrifice, horse, kine, and sheepe: they haue Priests which diuine of things to come. The Prince of Taugast, they called the Sonne of GOD: They worship Images. The Prince spendeth the night with seuen hundred women. The Tartars haue now possessed the same Countrey; but long before, the same rites: as you may reade in our History of them. To deriue them (as some doc) from Troians and Iews, is some what farre a 1.2 fetched: nor is there much likelihood, that they should receiue their name of Turca b 1.3 a Persian City: the name is auncient, and applied by c 1.4 Mela and Pliny to a Nation of the Scythians, & their originall is accounted Scythi∣an by the d 1.5 most & best Authors. There are which bring a long genealogie from No∣abs Arke, vnto the Ottoman family: heerein disagreeing, while some will haue Ma∣gog, others Tubal the Author of their Nation. Leunclavius e 1.6 reciteth and refuteth the same. He writeth the name Iurki, alleadging Herodotus for his Author: and citeth many Authors to proue that they descended of the Vnni or Vngri, which were cal∣led Turkes, of which there were two sorts, one westerly in Pannonia, an other ea∣sterly neare Persia, called by the Persians Magores, hee concludeth that the Vnnior Iurchi came from Iuchra or Iuchria (whence the name Iuchri might easily be deffe∣cted to Iurchi) beyond Tanais; and first after they had forsaken their owne Coun∣try, setled themselues neare Maeotis, from whence they passed to Chazaria, and some went westward to Pannonia, some eastward to Armenia, and thence into Persia.

Many probable Arguments might bee brought, to proue that they descended of the Scythians, whose wandering shepheardly life, both the name and their pra∣ctise (in old times, and in some places still) expresseth. The first Expedition and mili∣tary employment which I haue read of the Turkes, was f 1.7 vnder Varamus a rebelli∣ous Persian, aboue a thousand yeares since, when Cosroes was King of Persia, and Mauritius the Roman Emperour: at what time many of them were slaine, and many taken, which confessed, that famine had forced them to those warres, for which cause they marked themselues with a blacke Crosse; a ceremony which they said they had learned of the Christians, thinking thereby to expell hunger. This hungry Nation hath since beene a greedy and insatiate deuourer of Nations. Another expedition of theirs (which some reckon the first) g 1.8 was in the yere 755, or after an other account, 844; at which time, passing through the Georgian Country, then called Iberia, they first seised on a part of the greater Armenia, which their Posterity holdeth at this day, called of them Turcomania. In this wide and spacious Country they romed vp and down, without certaine habitation, a long time with their families and heards of cattell, like the ancient Scithian Nomades, and the Tartars, and the same Turco∣man Nation at this day.

When as the Saracens Empire grew now vnweldy, through her owne greatnesse, and the Soldans, which were wont to conquer for the Chaliph, began now to share with him in his large Dominion: Mohomet (then Sultan or Soldan of Persia) was for this cause hardly beset with the Chaliph of Babylon; assailed also on the other side by the Indians. He sought to strengthen himselfe against these enemies with the new friendship of these Turks, of whom he obtayned for his ayde three thousand hardy souldiors, h 1.9 vnder the conduct of Togra Mucalet the sonne of Mikeil a valiant Cap∣taine, and chiefe of the Selzuccian tribe or family, whom the Greeks commonly call Tangrolipia, and some Selduc, or Sad••e. By the help of this Tangrolipix, Mahomet the Persian Sultan ouercame Pisasiris the Chaliph. The Turks, after this warre, desi∣ring leaue to passe ouer the riuer Araxis to their Country-men, were both denied, and threatned, if they againe should seeke to depart. Whereupon they withdrew them∣selues into the Desart of Carauonitis; liuing there, and thence making roads into the Countreys adioyning. Mahumet sent against them twenty thousand men, which by a sodayne surprize in the night, Tangrolipix defeated, and furnished himselfe with their spoyles. And now durst Tangrolipix shew his face in the field, where his army was increased by the resort of lawlesse persons, seeking after spoyle. Mahomet on the other side, impatient of his losse, put out the eyes of the Captaines, which had the lea∣ding of the army, and threatned to attire the souldiors, that had fled, in womens ap∣parel:

and raysing an other great army, set forward against Tangrolipix, who was now fifty thousand strong, and was presently made stronger by those threatned soul∣diours, who fled from their Lord vnto him. They met at Ispahan (a City of Persia) and there Mahomet falling with his horse, brake his necke: vpon which mischance both armies comming to agreement, by common consent, proclaymed Tangrolipix * 1.10 Sultan in his stead; and so made him King of Persia, and the Dominion thereunto pertaining, which was done Anno 1030.

Tangrolipix opened the passages of Araxis to the rest of his Country-men, whome he exalted to the highest places of command, so bridling the Persians, and he and his receiuing in their new Conquests the yoke of the Mahometan Religion. Ambiti∣on inciting him to further exploits, he warred also vpon Pisasiris the Chaliph: and af∣ter diuers ouerthrowes, slew him, and seised on his state. Hee sent Cutlu-Muses his kinsman against the Arabians, by whom he was discomfited: whereat aggrieued, he went against them himselfe, but with like successe. He sent Asan his brothers sonne to inuade Media, who in that enterprise was slaine: he sent againe Habraime Alim his brother with an army of an hundred thousand men, who tooke prisoner Liparites Gouernour of Iberia, (who came to aide the Emperours Lieutenant in Media) whom Tangrolipix frankely set free, and sent his embassadour to the Emperour, proudly de∣maunding him to become his subiect.

Such happes, and such hopes had Tangrolipix, the first Turke that euer was honou∣red with a Diadem. His sonne i 1.11 and successour Axan tooke Diogenes the Emperour of Constantinople prisoner in the field: But Cutlu-Muses with his cousin Melech (who in his Fathers dayes had fled into Arabia) rebelling, and taking armes against him; as Axan was ready to ioyne battell with them, the Caliph (who retayned the highest place still in their superstition, although dispoyled of his Temporalties) setting aside all his pontificall formality, whereby he was bound not to go out of his owne house, thrust himselfe betweene these armies: and with the reuerence of his place & person, together with his perswasions, moued them to desist, and to stand to his arbitrement: which was, that Axan the Sultan should stil enioy his dominions entirely: And that Cutlu-Muses, and his sonnes aided by him, should inuade the Constantinopolitan Em∣pire, and should be absolute and onely Lords of whatsoeuer they could gaine thereof. There was neuer any thing to that impiety more commodious, nor to our Religion more dangerous. For by this meanes Cutlu-Muses with his sonnes in a short time conquered all Media, with a great part of Armenia, Cappadocia, Pontus, and Bi∣thynia; which their designes were much furthered by treasons and dissensions in the Greek Empire. Axan the Sultan also gaue to his kinsmen Ducat and Melech, the go∣uernment of Aleppo, and Damasco, with the adioyning parts of Syria, by that means to incroach vpon the Aegyptian Caliph, which accordingly they in a short time did.

But these their haughty attempts were stayed, and being now in the flower, were cut shorter by that fortunate Expedition k 1.12 of the Christian Princes of the West, a∣greed vpon at the Councell of Claremont, and performed by Gualter Sensauier; Peter the Heremite, first and principall mouer hereof; Godfrey Duke of Lorraine, with his two brethren Eustace and Baldwin, of the honourable house of Buillon; Hugh surna∣med the Great, brother to Philip the French King; Raimond and Robert Earles of Flanders; Robert of Normandy sonne to William the Conquerour; Stephan de Va∣lois Earle of Chartiers; Ademar the Popes Legate; Bohemund Prince of Tarentum, and others, conducting, as the most receiued opinion is, three hundred thousand soul∣diors, in defence of the Christian faith against the Turkes and Saracens, which both ouerthrew the Turkes in the lesser Asia, and recouered also the holy Land. The prin∣cipality; or (as some stile it) the Kingdome of Antioch was giuen by common con∣sent to Bohemnnd Prince of Tarentum; the Kingdome of Ierusalem, to Robert: who (hearing of his Fathers death) refused it in hope of England; and Godfrey of Buillon was saluted King.

The Turkes and Saracens seeking to recouer that which they had lost, lost also themselues: a hundred thousand of them being slaine in one battell: the like successe

had the Turkes after against Conrade, the Emperor at Meander: leauing for trophees and triumphall arches to the Christians, huge heapes, or hilles rather, of their bones. Hereunto helped the dissentions among the Turkes, & diuisions of their state among diuers brethren. The Egyptians also payd tribute to the Christians: which Dargan the Sultan detaining, he was by Almericus the king of Ierusalem ouerthrowne in battell. Noradine the Turke, king of Damasco, sent thither also Saracon to aid Sanar the Sul∣tan (before expulsed) to recouer his state from this Dargan: but he hauing won cer∣taine townes, kept them to himselfe, so that Sanar betook him to the patronage of Al∣mericus, who ouerthrew Saracon in battell, and after besieged and tooke Alexandria, and Pelusium, seeking also to conquer Egypt to himselfe; but indeede (as the euent proued) so subuerted his owne state. For Sanar sought help of Saracon, and for feare of both their forces, Almericus left Egypt. Saracon, moued with ambition, treache∣rously slew the Sultan, and by the Chaliph was appointed Sultan, the first of the Turks that euer enioyed the same, to whom Saladine his nephew succeeded. He (not respe∣cting the maiesty of the Chaliph, as the Sultans before had done) strucke out his brains with his horse-mans mace, and rooted out all his posterity; the better to assure him∣selfe and his Turkish successors in the possession of that kingdom, vnder whom it con∣tinued to the time of the Mamalukes. Noradin also the Turke being dead, the nobili∣tie disdaining the gouernment of Melechsala his son (yet but a youth) betrayed l 1.13 that state vnto Saladine. And thus did he hem in the kingdome of Ierusalem on both sides: & not long after, Aleppo was betraied vnchristianly into his hands by a traitor, which gouerned the same for the Christians: Neither was it long, before he had (through discord and treason amongst the Christians) obtained m 1.14 Ierusalem it selfe, anno 1187. and after Ascalon, and Antioch also: Neither could the Christians of the West euer re∣couer the possession of that kingdome; the cause continuing the same, which before had lost it, viz. dissention and treachery, as the examples of Richard and Edward (first of those names) Kings of this land do shew.

About 1202. yeares after Christ, the Tartars (of whom in their due place) hauing conquerd East, West, North, and South, among others ouerthrew that Togrian king∣dome of the Turkes in Persia, 170. yeares before founded by Tangrolipix. The Turkes which remained (driuen to seek shelter from this violent storme) fled out of Persia in∣to Asia the lesse: where Cutlu-Muses his successors (their country-men) inioyed some part of the country. And there many of them ariuing vnder the conduct of Aladin the sonne of Kei Husreu, descended also of the Selzuccian family in Persia, taking the op∣portunity offred by the discord of the Latines with the Greeks, & the Greeks among themselues, seised vpon Cilicia, with the countries thereabout; and there first at Se∣bastia, and afterward at Iconium, erected their new kingdome, bearing the name of the Aladin * 1.15 Kings or Sultans.

The same Tartars vnder the conduct of Haalon, sent by Mango the great Cham, hauing conquered and starued the Chaliph of Babylon (as is said before) ouerthrew the Turkish kingdome of Damasco, and rased n 1.16 Aleppo; the other arme of this faire & far-spreading tree being surprized by the Mamaluke slaues, who after Haalons de∣parture recouered Syria & Palestina, and were again with great slaughter dispossessed of the same by Cassanes * 1.17 a Tartarian prince, who repaired Ierusalem, and gaue it to the christians of Armenia, & other the Easterne countries. But Cassanes retiring into Persia to pacifie new broils, the Sultan recouered the same; the Christians of the Westnegle∣cting the iust defence therof, specially through the pride and contention of Boniface the Pope (contrary to his name) filling a great part of Europe with faction & quarrels.

The Turkes in Asia paid tribute to the Tartar Cham, till (succession in the bloud of Aladin failing) this kingdome was diuersly rent, euery one catching so much as his might could bestow on his ambition. The greatest of these sharers was o 1.18 one Cara∣man Alusirius, who took vnto himselfe the city Iconium, with all the country of Cili∣cia, & some part of the frontires of Lycaonia, Pamphylia, Caria, and the greater Phry∣gia, as far as Philadelphia; all which was after of him called Caramania. Next neigh∣bor and sharer to him was Saruchan: of whom Ionia Maritima is called Saruchan-ili.

The greatest part of Lydia, with som part of the greater Mysia, Troas, & Phrygia fel to Carasius, called of him Carasi-ila some part of Pontus, & the country of Paphlagonia fel to the sons of Omer, which coūtry is called Bolli. These all were of the Selzuccian fami∣ly. But the foundation of farre higher fortunes were then laied much lower by diuine prouidence, exalting Ottoman of the Oguzian tribe or family, who then held one only poore Lordship, called Suguta in Bythinia, not far from Olympus, giuen before to his father Erthogrul in meed of good seruice: which he increasing by winning somewhat from the weaker Christians his neighbors, afterwards erected into a kingdome which hath deuoured so great a part of the world, as is this day subiect to the Turkish great∣nes. When as the Tartars chased (as is said) the Turkes out of their Persian kingdom, which Tangrolipix had there established, one Solyman a Turke (of the Ogusian Tribe) raigned in Machan o 1.19 ouer a small Realme, which for feare of those Tartars hee also forsooke, and with a thousand of his people, fled, and seated himselfe in a part of Ar∣menia about Erzerum; and after, vpon some better hopes, resolued to returne againe into Persia, but in seeking to passe the Riuer Euphrates, was drowned, and his follo∣wers dispersed, following their auncient trade of wandering heards-men. He left be∣hinde him foure sonnes Sencur-Teken, Iundogdis, Ertogrul the father of Ottoman, and Dunder. The two eldest returned into Persia. The two yongest staied, and with them 400. Families, with their tents and carts, their moueable houses. And insinuating into the Sultan Aladins good liking, by sute & desert, this Ertogrul was rewarded, as ye haue heard, being made Lord of Suguta, and Warden of those Marches: and liued there in security, till he was of great yeres, and had seene much alteration in that state. He died anno 1289. hauing liued ninety three yeres. And him succeeded by common consent, as L. ouer the Ogusian Turkes, his sonne Ottoman, saluted therefore by the name of Osman Beg or Lord Osman. He first p 1.20 got into his subiection a great part of the Castles and Forts of the greater Phrygia; equally protecting his subiects both Chri∣stians and Turkes: he conquered Nice, the name whereof is reuerend for the first ge∣nerall Councell of Christendome; and Aladin the second, Sultan of Iconium sent vn∣to him a faire ensigne, a Sword & Robe, with ample charters, that whatsoeuer he tooke from the christians, should be his own: and that publike praiers should be said in their temples for his death, which was of him humbly accepted, and such praiers made by one Dursu, whom he had appointed Bishop and Iudge of Carachisar, anno 1300. Ne∣apolis was made his seat royall. He fished so well in the troubled streame of the Greek Empire, that he subdued the most part of Phrygia, Mysia, and Bythinia: and Prusa af∣ter a long siege was yeelded vnto his sonne Orchanes, and made the royall seate of the Ottoman-kings, where Ottoman himselfe was buried 1228. His son Orchanes succee∣ded: Aladin his brother contenting himselfe with a priuate life, who after built two Mahumetan churches, and another at Prusa. Orchanes also erected in Nice a sumptu∣ous temple, appointing a preacher to preach to the people euery friday, and two faire Abbies: in the one of which, he with his his owne hands serued the strangers & poore the first dinner. He was the first that builded Abbies among the Turks, folowed herein by most of his successors. He got Nicomedia, and the townes adioyning. He also wan all Charasia, and at his returne built a Church and Abbey at Prusa, placing therein re∣ligious men, sought out with all diligence. His sonne Solyman first of the Turkes that possessed any foot in Europe, crossed the Hellespont, and wan the castle Zemeenic, & after that Maditus, receptacles for the Turkes, which came ouer in multitudes; he transporting Christians into Asia, to dwell in their roome. And after, q 1.21 he wan Galli∣poli, spoiling the country, & winning from the Greeks who were negligent in preuen∣ting or remedying this danger. But Solyman dying with a fall, his old father Orchanes liued not two months after; a prince very zealous in his superstition, who besides buil∣ding diuers churches, abbies, colledges, & cells, allowed pensions to all such as could in the church say the Booke of Mahomets law by heart, and competent maintenance to the Iudges, that they should not sell iustice.

Amurath which succeeded, exceeded him in this blinde zeale. He kept in awe the Turkish Princes in Asia, and wan many Townes and Castles in Thracia: and amongst

others, Adrianople the seate royall of the Turkish Kingdome, vntill Constantinople was after subdued. This was done 1362. He ordained, that euery fift captiue of the Christians aboue fifteene yeares old, should be taken vp for the Turkish King, which were distributed among the Turkish husbandmen in Asia, to learne the Turkish lan∣guage, religion, and manners; and after two or three yeares, choice was made of the better sort, to attend vpon the Princes person, and for his warres, called Ianizars, that is, new souldiors: which Order after grew to great account, and is yet a princi∣pall pillar of the Turkish greatnes. He ouerthrew Aladin the Caramanian King, which made the other Princes of the Selzuccian family to submit themselues vnto him. And busying himselfe in his new Conquests in Europe, after a great victory obtayned a∣against Lazarus, Despot of Seruia, as hee viewed the slaine carkasses, was slaine of a wounded and halfe dead souldior: who, comming staggering, as it were to begge his life, stabbed this great Conquerour, with a dagger hidden vnder his garments. * 1.22

Baiazet his sonne and successour oppresseth most of the Mahumetan Princes in A∣sia, inuadeth Valachia, besiegeth Constantinople eight yeres, ouerthroweth the king of Hungary in battell, subdeweth the Caramanian Kingdome; and amidst his aspiring fortunes, is by * 1.23 Tamerlane depriued of his kingdome and liberty, shut vp and carried a∣bout in an yron Cage; against the barres whereof he beat out his braines, Anno 1399. Mahomet his sonne (after much warre with his brethren) wholly possesseth the Ottoman Kingdome both in Europe and Asia, almost quite ouerthrowne before by Ta∣merlane. He tooke the Caramanian King, and his sonne Mustapha prisoners: who be∣came his vassals, as did also the Valachian Prince; he died 1422. Amurath his successor winneth Thessalonica, the greatest part of Aetolia, inforceth the Princes of Athens, Phocis, and Boeotia to become his tributaries, oppresseth the Mahumetan Princes of Asia, subdaeth Servia, spoileth Hungary. He after retired himselfe to a monasti∣call life in a Monastery, which yet the affaires of State forced him to leaue againe. * 1.24 He inuading Epirus, at the siege of Croia died 1450.

Mahumet was there saluted Sultan in the field, a man equally vnequall and trou∣blesome to the Christian and Mahumetan Princes. He wanne Constantinople the 29. of Maie 1453, the taking whereof, is by Leonardus Chiensis, u 1.25 declared in a trea∣tise composed of that vnhappy Argument, and likewise by Cardinall x 1.26 Isidorus Ruthe∣nus. He wan Trabezond the imperiall seate of an other Christian Empire y 1.27 ann. 1460. Hence he was called Emperor (a name not giuen to the Turkish kings.) He burnt A∣thens, ann. 1452. He obtained Epirus and Mysia, anno 1436. and did much harme a∣gainst the Soldan and Mamalukes. He conquered Euboea and Illyricum, in the yeare 1474. ouerthrew the Persians; and in the last act of his bloudy life he tooke (by Ach∣metes his captaine) Otranto or Hydruntum in Italie, with no small terrour to all Italy. He was surnamed Great, and is said to haue conquered two hundred Cities, twelue Kingdomes, and two Empires: which he left to Baiazet his sonne, An. 1481. His bro∣ther Zemes was forced to flee into Italy, where a great summe of mony * 1.28 was yearely allowed the Pope to keep him for his own security, and for loue of his brother, whom Alexander the bishop is reported y 1.29 to poison, as some thinke, by composition with the grand Seignior. He had some wars against the Mamalukes, some against the Christi∣ans, more vnnaturall against his brother, but most most vnnaturall and monstrous a∣gainst his sonne Selym. His conquests were in Cilicia, Caramania, and Peloponnesus.

Selim, not content to haue thrust his father out of the Throne, aspired to a further effect of aspiring ambition, depriuing him of life, from whome himselfe had receiued it. To this end he corrupted a Iew, Baiazets Physician (whom Knolles calles Hamon; but z 1.30 Menavino an eye-witnes, nameth him Vstarabi) who with the powlder of bea∣ten Diamonds poisoned him: and for reward, when he claimed Selims promise, had his head stricken off in the tyrants presence. So much did hee hate the traitour, whose treason he so much loued. The body of Baiazet was embalmed and interred at Con∣stantinople, in a beautifull Sepulchre neare to the Meschit which himself had built, and Priests were appoynted, which should euery day pray for his Soule. Two of his Pa∣ges did Selim put to death for wearing blacke and mourning apparell for their Masters

death: and three others (whereof Menavino was one) hardly, by entreatie of Selims daughters, and some Bassacs, escaped.

This Viper, that spared not his father, proceeded with bloudie hands to make an end of the rest of his Ottoman-kindred, beginning with fiue sonnes of his brethren, and adding the remnant, as he could bring them into his power. And hauing thus founded his Throne in bloudie cruelties of his owne at home, no maruell if abroad his proceedings were no lesse cruell and bloudie towards his enemies. Of whom, the first which offered himselfe (after his domesticall warres appeased) was Ismael the Sophi b 1.31 ; who with thirtie thousand Persian horsemen gaue battaile to Selym (not∣withstanding his three hundred thousand Turkes) where was fought in Armenia, neere Coy, a terrible and mortall battaile betwixt them, and the Turkes at last (very hardly) preuailing, by helpe of their great Ordinance: but so little cause had they to reioyce of their victorie, that this is reckoned among the dismall and disastrous dayes, tearmed by the Turkes, the onely day of Doome. The next c 1.32 yeare he en∣tred againe into the Persian Confines, and there tooke Ciamassum, ouerthrew Ala∣deules the Mountaine-King, who raigned in Taurus and Antitaurus, and slew him. But his most fortunate attempts were against Campson Gaurus, the Aegyptian Sol∣dan, and his forces of Mamalukes, whome by his multitudes (notwithstanding their fame and valour, not inferiour to any souldiors of the World) he ouercame; the Soldan himselfe being left dead in the place, August 7. 1516.

Neither had Tomumbeius, his successor, any better successe, but succeeded as well in his fortune, as to his Scepter, who by treason of his owne, and power of his ene∣mie, lost both his life and Kingdome; all Aegypt and Syria thereby accrewing to the Ottoman. Selym from thenceforth purposing to turne his forces from the Sunne∣rising against the Christians in the West, came to his owne Sunne-set, the period of his raigne and life: a miserable disease (as an angrie Pursuivant) exacting and re∣demaunding his bloudie cruell spirit, an implacable officer of that most implacable Tyrant to Tyrants, and Prince of Princes, Death, who at last conquered this Con∣queror; or rather (if his d 1.33 Epitaph written on his Tombe say true) conueyed him hence to seeke new Conquests. His disease was a Canker in the backe (eating out a passage for his Viperous soule) which made him rotte while he liued, and become a stinking burthen to himselfe and others. He died in September, 1520, hauing before bequeathed bloudshed and desolation to the Christians, and ordained Soly∣man, his sonne and heire, executor of that his hellish Testament: And further, to excite him thereunto, had left him the liuely counterfeit of himselfe, with sundrie bloudie Precepts annexed: His title therein written, was, Sultan Selym Othoman, King of Kings, Lord of all Lords, Prince of all Princes, Sonne and Nephew of GOD. We may adde, Heire apparant to the Deuill, that breathed his last in bloud, resembling him that was e 1.34 a Murtherer from the beginning.

Notes

• a 1.1

  Lir.18.ca.30
• a 1.2

  Turci quasi Teucri, Richer. de reb. Turc. & Mart. Barletues de Scodrensi ex∣pug lib.1.men∣tion this opi∣nion, & Andr. a lacuna.
• b 1.3

  Lonicer chr.Turc. to.1.l.b.1,
• c 1.4

  Pom.Mela.li.1.c.vlt.••lin.lib.6 •••• 7.
• d 1.5

  Laon. Chal∣condyl.lib.1.lo. Bapt.Egnstius. Nic. Euboic. Sa∣gun. Ep. Knolls, &c.
• e 1.6

  Io.Leunel. hist. Musulm.
• f 1.7

  P.Bizar.hist.Pers.libr.5.
• g 1.8

  Knol.Turc.hist.
• h 1.9

  Hist.Musulm.libr.1. Theodor Gaza de orig. Turcar. epist. Io.Bapt. Egnat.de orig. Turc.
• * 1.10

  Tangrolipix, first Sultan a∣mongest the Turkes, An.Do. 1030. some cal him Tangrolipix and some Tan∣groipix.
• i 1.11

  Knolls Tur∣kish historie.
• k 1.12

  The memo∣rable Expedi∣tió of the chri∣stian Princes in to the Holy Land. Historia helli sacri G. Tyrij, and many o∣thers write at large of these warres.
• l 1.13

  Damasco be∣trayed to Sala∣dine.
• m 1.14

  Ierusalem lost againe An∣no, 1187.
• * 1.15

  Hist.Musul. man. Leunclauij libr.1.
• n 1.16

  Anno Dom.12.0.
• * 1.17

  Haiton.Ar∣men.
• o 1.18

  Knolles Tur∣kish history.
• o 1.19

  Leunc••.histor. Musul.lib.2.lac. Boissardi Vitae & Icones Sultan. Tare. His pedegreo is thus recko∣ned, Oguzan, Oguzez Gio∣kalpes, Ver∣saiobes, Tecto∣mur, Claces A∣ga, Bakis Aga, Basunger, Oi••o∣luc••s, Bainder, Cusulbuga, Cabi∣elpes, Soleiman: Some make Ottoman to be of base paren∣tage: but not so probably.
• p 1.20

  Laon. Chal∣condyles libr.1. Abraham Za∣cuthi hath writ∣ten a Chroni∣cle of these Turkes, toge∣ther with the Saracens trans∣lated by Ios. Scalig.Can. Isag.libr.2.
• q 1.21

  An.Do.1358.
• * 1.22

  An.D••.1390.
• * 1.23

  Laz.Soranzo Ottom.part.2. saith it should be written Ta∣mur han, which signifieth king Tamur, as Leun∣cla interprets, who yet affir∣meth, that Ta∣mur-lane, or Leng signifieth lame Tamur, for his legge was broken. There is a history of Tam. translated out of Arabike into French, & thēce into En∣glish, contain∣ing a full, and happily more true Discourse of his life, dif∣fering much from our com∣mon reports, which Pet. Pe∣rond. Leuncl.Io∣vius in their treatises there∣of, Io. and Phil. Camerarius, Maiolus, and almost all the Turkish hist.
• * 1.24

  History of Scanderbeg.
• u 1.25

  ••eon. Chiens. Archiep. M••tyl. de cap constant.
• x 1.26

  Is. Ruthen.ep. Io. Ram. de rep. Ture.lib.3. Bern.de Brei∣denbach.de cap. Hyd•• unt.
• y 1.27

  Guicciard. bist. Iac. Boissar∣di Icones.
• * 1.28

  40000 Du∣cats yearely.
• y 1.29

  Guicciard. bist. Iac. Boissar∣di Icones.
• z 1.30

  Menavino Ii.5.ca.22. relates all this at large
• b 1.31

  Henricus Pe∣nia de gestis sophi cont. Turc.
• c 1.32

  Anno Domi 1515.
• d 1.33

  Licèt ossa ia∣cent, animus bella qu••rit. Phi. Lonicer. to.1.lib.1.
• e 1.34

  Iob.8.44.