Purchas his pilgrimage. Or Relations of the vvorld and the religions obserued in all ages and places discouered, from the Creation vnto this present In foure partes. This first containeth a theologicall and geographicall historie of Asia, Africa, and America, with the ilands adiacent. Declaring the ancient religions before the Floud ... With briefe descriptions of the countries, nations, states, discoueries, priuate and publike customes, and the most remarkable rarities of nature, or humane industrie, in the same. By Samuel Purchas, minister at Estwood in Essex.

CHAP. VIII.

Of the Conquest of Peru by the Spaniards, and of their Ingua's or Emperours.

FRANCIS PIZARRO a 1.1 was the Bastard Sonne of Gonçallo, a Cap∣taine in the Kingdome of Nauarre: he was borne at Trusiglio, and ex∣posed at the Church dore, and none being found that would giue him the breast, hee was nourished by sucking a Sow for certaine daies: at last his Father acknowledged him, and when hee was growne, set him to keepe his Swine, which being one day strayed and lost, he durst not returne home for feare, and therefore went to Siuill, and thence passed to the In∣dies. In this swinish education he had not so much as learned to reade. Hee went to Vraua with Alonso de Horeda; with Valuoa, to the discouerie of the South Sea; and with Pedrarias de A••••la Gouernour of Golden Castile, to Panama. In this Citie b 1.2 were diuers which affected golden discoueries. Pedrarias intended Nicaragna; but Diego di Almagro, Hernando Luche, or Luques, a rich Priest, and this Piçarro now growne rich, agreed to ioyne their purses and best industrie to search Southwards, where they had heard was store of wealth. They prouided a Nauie and two hundred and twentie Souldiers, and Almagro with Piçarro, in the Anno 1525. or (as Benzo hath it) 1526. set forward.

Almagro and he parting cōpanie, Piçarro, offering to land his men, was wounded and forced to retire to Panama: Almagro in an other place had better successe, the Indians vsing him kindly, and giuing him three thousand Ducats of gold. But seeking to land in that place of Piçarro's misfortune, he was set vpon by the Indians, & lost in fight one of his eyes. They meet at panama, and hauing cured their wounds, repaire their for∣ces, and with two hundred men and many slaues, set sayle, and land in an other place, but are repelled to their ships by the Inhabitants, and goe to Gorgon, a little Iland, six miles from the Continent, where Piçarro stayed, while Almagro went back for bet∣ter supply. At his returene Piçarro and his companie were almost starued, but being refreshed, and all of them now together attempting the Indian shore, were repelled with losse to the Ile, which they called Galli. Almagro is againe sent backe for new aide, the Souldiers would haue passed with him, and curse this Land and their coue∣tousnesse. Piçarro and his companie agree to search further, and hauing sayled fiue hundred miles, came to Chira, a Prouince of Peru, and taking some of the Inhabitants to learne them the Spanish tongue, returned to Tumbez.

Hauing learned of the Indians the great wealth of those parts, hee set one Peter, a Candian, on shore, who was kindly entertayned of the Gouernour, who shewed him a Temple dedicated to the Sunne, wherein were vnspeakeable riches, which when he related to Piçarro at his returne, the Spaniards goe back with these newes to Panama. His two fellowes Almagro and the Priest (called after, the foole, because he had spent his estate on this businesse, and was after excluded by his companions) agreed with Piçarro to goe to Spaine to get licence for this conquest, and borrowed one thousand and fiue hundred Ducats, to set him forth. Pizarro seekes and obtaines this Facultie only for himselfe, neuer mentioning his Partners, and with letters Pattents retur∣neth to Panama with his foure Brethren, Hernando, Gonzalo, Iohn, and Martin di Alcantara, his Brother by the Mothers side. His two Partners were not a little grieued when they heard howe things passed, but after much stirre,

Almagro and Piçarro became friends and agreed to communicate Purses and Titles. Piçarro goes before with a hundred and fiftie Souldiers (taking order that Almagro should follow with all the strength he could make) and lands in Peru, a Riuer so cal∣led, which gaue name to those mightie and rich Prouinces, because the Spaniards by this way discouered them. They went by land, enduring much miserie by the way to Coache where they were well refreshed. But a disease worse then the French Poxe there warred vpon them, called Pori. Yet did 'Piçarro hold on his resolution; he passed ouer to Puna, where the Gouernour intreated the Spaniards well, till the abusing of their Wiues caused the Indians to take armes, and so made their riches become a prey to the preuailing Spaniards.

There had Piçarro the first intelligence of Atabaliba. The Gouernour of this I∣land, to satisfie his iealousie, cut off the noses, the members, and the armes, of his Eu∣nuchs or Keepers of his Women. Piçarro sent to Tumbez six hundred prisoners, which the Gouernour of this Iland had taken of the partie of Atabaliba, who at that time maintayned Warre against his Brother Guascar about the Soueraignetie, and this Gouernour had taken Guascars part. This ciuill discord was much to the Spa∣niards aduantage.

Piçarro c 1.3 sent three Messengers to Tumbez to demand peace and safe entrance, but they (notwithstanding the freedome of their Captiues) deliuered them to the Priests to be sacrificed to their Idoll of the Sunne. He taketh Tumbez and sacketh the Temple and Citie.

From thence he proceeded in his way to Caxamalca: and Guascar sent some vnto him with great promises to demand his aide against his brother Atabaliba: soone af∣ter Atabaliba sent one to him, to charge him to returne to his ships. Piçarro an∣swereth, That he came not to hurt any, but for their good, as his Emperour had gi∣uen him in charge, nor could he now, (being the Embassadour of the Pope and Em∣perour, Lords of the World) returne without great dishonour before hee had seene his Royall person, and communicated to him such instructions as might bee good for his bodie and soule.

As he passed the Prouince of Chira, the Lords thereof prouoked him against Ata∣baliba, who had lately conquered their Countries. And on the Riuer of Chira hee founded the Colonie of S^t. Michael, for the safe keeping of his spoiles, and for his ships. He marcheth on to Caximalca, and sendeth Messengers on horse-back, to giue him notice of his comming. This strange beast made the Indians afraide, but Ata∣baliba was nothing moued therewith, more moued to see those bearded men giue him so little reuerence. Atabaliba sent Pizarro a paire of shooes, cut and gilded, that (as he pretended) he might know him: others thought, that he might be knowne and designed to imprisonment or slaughter.

The next day the King was carried, as in solemne triumph, vpon mens shoulders, garded with fiue and twentie thousand Indians in rich pompe and magnificence. Vin∣centius de Valle-viridi, a Dominican Frier, holding in one hand a Crosse, in the other his Breuiarie, or (as some say) a Bible, came before him with great reuerence, and blessing him with the Crosse, said: e 1.4 Excellent Lord, it behoueth you to know, That GOD in Trinitie and Vnitie made the World of nothing, and formed a man of the Earth, whome he called Adam, of whom we all haue beginning. Adam sinned against his Creator by disobedience, and in him all his posteritie, except IESVS CHRIST: who being GOD, came downe from Heauen, and tooke flesh of the Virgine MARIE; and to redeeme Mankinde, died on a Crosse like to this (for which cause we worship it;) rose againe the third day, and after fortie dayes ascended into Heauen, leauing for his Vicar in Earth Saint Peter, and his Successours, which we call Popes; who haue f 1.5 giuen to the most puissant King of Spaine, Emperour of the Romanes, the Monarchy of the World. Obey the Pope, and receiue the Faith of CHRIST; and if yee shall beleeue it most holy, and that most false which yee haue, yee shall doe well; and know, that doing the contrarie, wee will make warre

on you, and will take away and breake your Idols; therefore leaue the deceiueable Religion of your false Gods. This Preaching of the Fryer might well seeme strange to Atabaliba, which it seemes he learned of the Mahumetans, and not of the Apo∣stles. Hee answered, That he was free, and would not become tributarie to any, nor did acknowledge any greater Lord then himselfe: and for the Emperour, hee could be pleased to be the friend of so great a Prince, and to know him: but for the Pope, he would not obey him, which gaue away that which was not his owne, and tooke a Kingdome from him whom hee had neuer seene: as for Religion, hee liked well his owne, and neither would nor ought to call it in question, being so ancient and approued, especially seeing CHRIST dyed, which neuer befell the Sunne or Moone, and how (saith he) doe you know that the GOD of the Christians created the World? Fryer Vincent answered, That his Booke told it him, and gaue him his Breuiarie. Atabaliba looked on it, and in it, and saying, it said no such thing to him, hurled it on the ground. The Fryer tooke it vp and went to Piçarro, crying, hee hath cast the Gospels to the ground, Reuenge it, O Christians, seeing they will not our friendship, nor our Law.

Piçarro commanded to bring forth the Standard and the Ordnance: the Horse∣men in three Bands assayled Atabaliba's people, and slew many: hee himselfe arriued with his foot-men, which layed about with their swords: all charged vpon Atabaliba, slaying them which carryed him, whose roome was presently supplied by others, till at last Piçarro pulled him downe from his litter by the clothes. All this while not one Indian fought, because they had no commandement, and therefore no Spaniard was slaine, and many Indians perished vpon the thrust, for so the Fryer had bidden them fight, for feare of breaking their Swords: neither were any wounded, but only Piçarro, by one of his owne, thrusting at Atabaliba in his taking, and wounding Piçarro there∣with in the arme. Thus are the Indians chased, their King with other great spoiles remayning with the Spaniards.

The next day the Spaniards scoured about for spoile, and found fiue thousand wo∣men of the Kings with much treasure. Atabaliba was much grieued with his impri∣sonment, especially in regard of the chaine which they put vpon him. g 1.6 And when they had spent much reasoning about his ransome, a Souldier named Soto (of whom you haue heard in our Historie of Florida) said vnto him, wilt thou giue vs this house full of gold and siluer thus high h 1.7 ? lifting vp his sword and making a stroke vpon the wall: Atabaliba answered, That if they would giue him libertie to send into his Kingdome, he would fullfill their demand. Whereat the Spaniards much marueiling gaue him three moneths time, but he had filled the house in two moneths and a halfe, a matter scarse credible, yet most true: For I (saith Lopez Vaz) know aboue twentie men that were there at that time, who all affirme that it was aboue i 1.8 ten Millions of gold and siluer. Howbeit they killed him notwithstanding, and in a night strangled him. But God the righteous Iudge, seeing this villainous act, suffered none of those Spaniards to die by the course of Nature, but brought them to euill and shamefull ends.

During the time of Atabaliba's k 1.9 imprisonment, his Captaines had taken his Brother Guascar, who spake with Captaine Soto, and promised that if they would re∣store him to his libertie and to his Kingdome, he would fill vp the roome at Caximal∣ca to the roofe, which was thrice as much as Atabaliba had promised: and added, that his Father Guaynacapa on his death bed had commanded him to bee friend to the white and bearded men, which should come and rule in those parts. Atabaliba hea∣ring of these things, fained himselfe sorrowfull for the death of Guascar, whom he said Quisquiz his Captaine had slaine: this hee did to trie how the Spaniards would take his death, which when he saw they little respected, he sent and caused him to be slaine indeede. This was done in the yeare 1533.

The Indians hereupon hid the treasures of gold, siluer, and gemmes, that were in Cusco and other places, and had belonged to Guaynacapa, which were farre more then euer came to the Spaniards hands.

The quarrell betweene these two brethren grew about their inheritance: Guascar succeeding his Father in the rest, and Quito being assigned to Atabaliba, who sei∣zing on Tumebamba, a rich Prouince, prouoked his brothers forces against him, who tooke him prisoner. But hee escaping to Quito, made the people beleeue that the Sunne had turned him into a Serpent, and so he escaped through a hole in the Prison: and on conceit of this miracle drew them into armes against Guascar, with which he made such slaughter of his enemies, that to this day there are great heapes of bones of the slaine: hee slew threescore thousand of the Canari, destroyed Tumebamba, and conquered as farre as Tumbez and Caximalca: he sent a great Armie with Quisquiez and Calicucima, two valiant Captaines, with such successe as you haue heard, against Guascar, whom they tooke, and by his direction slew.

Gomara attributeth the death of Atabaliba to Philippilius the Spanish Interpreter, who to enioy one of his wiues, accused him of conspiracie against the Spaniards, but Benzo l 1.10 with more likelyhood affirmeth, that Piçarro from his first taking had inten∣ded it. For he might haue sent him into Spaine as Atabaliba requested, if he had fea∣red such secret practises: but his request and purgation were reiected, and foure Ne∣gro's which hee vsed for that purpose, strangled him at his command. Hee had many wiues, whereof the chiefe was his Sister, named Pagha. He seeing the glasses of Eu∣rope, maruailed much that they hauing so faire a thing would goe so farre for gold. His Murtherers dyed, as is said, the like bloudy ends; Almagro was executed by Piçarro, and he slaine by yong Almagro; and him, Vacca de Castra did likewise put to death. Iohn Piçarro was slaine of the Indians. Martin an other of the Brethren was slaine with Francis. Ferdinandus was imprisoned in Spaine & his end vnknowne; Gonzales was done to death by Gasca•• Soto dyed of thought in Florida; and ciuill warres eate vp the rest in Peru.

Before the times of the Ingua's, their Gouernement m 1.11 in these parts was (as still it is in Arauco, and the Prouinces of Chili) by Communalties, or the aduise of many. The Gouernement of the Ingua's continued betweene three and foure hundred yeares, although for a long time their Signiorie was not aboue fiue or six leagues compasse about the Citie of Cusco, where the originall of their Conquests beganne, and extended from Pasto to Chili, almost a thousand leagues in length betweene the Andes and the South Sea.

The Canaries were their mortall enemies, and fauoured the Spaniards, and at this day if they fall to comparisons, whether the Ingua's or Canari were the more valiant, they will kill one another by thousands, as hath hapned in Cusco. The practise which they vsed to make themselues Lords, was a fiction, that since the generall Deluge (whereof all the Indians haue knowledge) the world had been preserued, peopled and restored by them: and that seuen of them came out of the Caue of Pacaricambo, and that they also were the Authors of the true Religion. The first of these Ingua's was Mangocapa, which came out of the Caue of Tambo, six leagues from Cusco. Of him came two Families, the Hanancusco, of whom came these Lords, and the Vrincusco. Ingaroca the first Lord was no great Lord, but was serued in Vessells of gold and sil∣uer. And dying, he appointed that all his treasure should be employed for the seruice of his body, and for the feeding of his Familie. His Successour did the like: and this grew to a generall custome, that no Ingua might inherit his Fathers goods, but he built a new Palace.

In the time of Ingaroca, the Indians had Images of gold. Yaguaraguaque succee∣ded. Viracocha, the next successour was very rich. Gouzale Pizarro with cruell tor∣ments forced the Indians to confesse where his body was, for the report of the trea∣sures buried with him: the body he burnt, and the Indians reserued and worshipped the ashes. They tooke it ill that this Ingua called himselfe Viracocha, which is the name of thier God, but he to satisfie them, said, that Viracocha appeared to him in a dreame, and commanded him to take his name.

Pachacuti Ingua Yupangus succeeded him, who was a great Conqueror, Polititian,

and Author of their ceremonies; hee reigned threescore and ten yeares, and fained himselfe sent of Viracocha to establish his Religion and Empire.

After him followed Gnaynacapa, the Father of Guascar and Atabaliba, which brought this Empire to the greatest height. The Indians opened him after his de∣cease, leauing his heart and entrailes in Quito, the body was carryed to Cusco, and placed in the Temple of the Sunne. Hee was worshipped of his Subiects for a God being vet aliue, which was not done to any of his Predecessours. When he dyed, they slew a thousand persons of his houshold, to serue him in the other life, all which dyed willingly for his seruice, insomuch that many offered themselues to death, be∣sides such as were appointed. His treasure was admirable. He vsed alwaies n 1.12 to haue with him many Oregioni, which were his men of Warre, and ware shooes and fea∣thers, and other signes of Nobilitie: he was serued of the eldest Sonnes and Heires of all his chiefe Subiects, euery one clothed after his owne Countrie Rite; he had many Counsellours and Courtiers in differing degrees of honour. Euery one at his entrance into the Palace put off his shooes, and might not looke him in the face when they spake to him.

All the Vessells of his House, Table, and Kitchin, were of gold and siluer, and the meanest, of siluer and copper for strength, and hardnesse of mettall. Hee had in his Wardrobe hollow Statues, which seemed Gyants, and were of gold: and the figures in proportion and bignesse of all the Beasts, Birds, Trees, and Hearbs, in his Kingdome, and of the Fishes likewise. Hee had Ropes, Budgets, Troughs, and Chests of Gold and Siluer: heapes of Billets of gold, that seemed Wood cut out for the fire. There was nothing in his Kingdome, but hee had the counterfeit in Gold. Yea they say, That the Ingua's had a Garden of pleasure in an Island neere Puna, which had all kinde of Garden-Hearbes, Flowers, and Trees of Gold and Siluer. Hee had also an infinite quantitie of Siluer and Gold wrought in Cusco, which was lost by the death of Guascar, which the Indians held (as is said) from the Spaniards. He had two hundred children of diuerse women. Acosta o 1.13 saith, That he had (descended from his owne loynes) aboue three hundred children and grand-children.

When his sonnes Guascar and Atabaliba were dead, another of his sonnes, cal∣led Mangocapa, continued the Warres a while with the Spaniards, and after re∣tyred himselfe to Vilia Bamba, where he kept in the Mountaines, and there the Ingua's reigned, vntill Amaro was taken, and executed in Cusco. Some rem∣nants of them haue since beene christened. The other Familie of the Ingua's, which descended of the first Mangocapa, called Vrincusco, had their Successions also and Gouernment; which, here to discourse of, were to my proposed scope impertinent. Leauing therefore the Conquerours and Conquest of Peru, let vs consider the Countrey it selfe, with such obseruations as we shall there finde tou∣ching their Religions.

Notes

• a 1.1

  Gomar.c.144
• b 1.2

  Gom.c.108. Benzo.l.3.c.1.
• c 1.3

  Gom.c.112. Apol.l.2. Ben. l.3.c.3.
• e 1.4

  Gom.c.11••.
• f 1.5

  This he spake according to the Bull of A∣lexander the sixt, which had giuen the sou∣therne & We∣sterne world to the Spanish Kings. The hornes of the Bull, and not of the Lambe, are the Popish weapons.
• g 1.6

  Lop.Vaz.
• h 1.7

  Gomara saith that it was a great roome, and they made a red line a∣bout it: it was all of wrought mettall in ves∣sells, &c.
• i 1.8

  Gom. hath 252000. poūds of siluer, and 1326000.pezo•• of gold.
• k 1.9

  Gom.c.1••5.
• l 1.10

  Benzo.l.3.c.5.
• m 1.11

  Acost.l.6.c.19.20.21.22.
• n 1.12

  Gom.c.120.
• o 1.13

  Acost.l.6.c.22.23.