The historie of the vvorld: commonly called, The naturall historie of C. Plinius Secundus. Translated into English by Philemon Holland Doctor of Physicke. The first [-second] tome

CHAP. XXIX.

¶ Laodicia, Apamia, Ionia, Ephesus.

THe principall citie in those quarters (of the Cibirites) is Laodicia. Seated it is vpon the riuer Lycus: and yet there run hard to the sides thereof two other riuers, Asopus, and Ca∣per. This citie in times past was called Diospolis, & afterwards Rhoas. The other nations belonging to that iurisdiction of the Cibirates, worth the naming, by the Hydrelites, Themi∣sones, [unspec B] and Hierapolites. Another countie court or towne of resort there is, which taketh the name of Synnada: and to it repaire for iustice, the Licaonians, Appians, Encarpenes, Dorylaei, Midaei, Iulienses, and other states of no great reckoning, fifteene. A third Seignorie or Shire there is that goes to Apamia, which in old time was called Celaenae, and afterwards Ciboron: scituate it is at the foot of the hill Signia, enuironed with three riuers, Marsias, Obrima, and Orga, falling all into the great riuer Maeander. As for the riuer Marsias (which a little from his spring was hid vnder the ground, whereas Marsyas the musitian stroue with Apollo in playing vpon the flute) sheweth himselfe again in Aulocrenae, for so is the vallie called, ten miles from Apamia, as men trauell the high way to Phrygia. Vnder this iurisdiction, we should do well to [unspec C] name the Metropolites, Dionysopolites, Euphorbenes, Acmoneses, Peltenes, and Silbians. There are besides to the number of 60 small towns of no account. But within the gulfe of Do∣ris there stand Leucopolis, Amaxites, Eleus, and Euthenae. Moreouer, other townes of Caria, Pitaium, Eutaniae, and Halicarnassus. And to this citie were annexed, as subiect and homages by Alexander the great, six other townes, namely, Theangela, Sibde, Medmossa, Euranium, Pe∣dasium, and Telnessum: which townes are inhabited betweene the two gulfes, Ceramicus, and Iasius. From thence yee come to Myndus, and where sometime stood Palaemindus, Neapolis, Nariandus, Carianda, the free citie Termera, Bergyla, and the town Iasus which gaue the name to the gulfe Iasius. But Caria is most renowned & glorious for the places of name within it in the firme land: for therein are these cities, to wit, Mylasa free, and Antiochia, now standing [unspec D] where sometime were the townes, Seminethos, and Cranaos: and enuironed now it is about with the riuers Maeander, and Mossinus. In the same tract stood sometime Maeandropolis also. There is besides, the citie Eumenia, vpon the riuer Cludrus: the riuer Glaucus: the sowne Ly∣sias and Orthasia. The tract or marches of Berecinthus, Nysa, Trallais, which also is named Euanthia, Seleucia, and Antiochia; which is scituate vpon the riuer Eudone that runneth hard by it, and Thebanis which passes quite through it. Some there be who report, that the dwarfes called Pigmaei, sometime there dwelt. In which region besides, were these townes, Thydonos, Pyrrha, Eurome, Heraclea, Amyzon, and the free citie Alabanda, whereof that shierewicke or jurisdiction tooke name. Also the free towne Stratonicea, Hynidos, Ceramus, Troezene, and Phorontis. Yea there be nations farther remote, that resort thither to pleade and haue iustice in that court: namely, the Othroniens, Halydiens, or Hyppines, Xystianes, Hydissenses, Apollo∣niates, [unspec E] Ttapezopolites, and of free condition the Aphrodsians. Ouer and besides these, there are Cossinus, & Harpasa, scituate vpon the riuer Harpasus, which also ran vnder Trallicon, when such a towne there was. As for the country of Lydia, watered it is in many places with the re∣course of Maeanders streame, winding and turning in and out, as his manner is: and it reacheth aboue Ionia: confining vpon Phrygia in the East, vpon Misia in the North, and in the South side enclosing all the countrie of Caria. This Lydia was sometimes named Moenia. The capi∣tall citie of this region, is Sardis, seated vpon the side of the mountaine Tmolus, called before-time Timolus, a hill well planted with vineyards. Moreouer, renowmed is this country for the riuer Pactolus issuing forth of this mountaine; which riuer is called likewise Chrysorrhoa: as also for the fountain Tarnes The city aboue said, was commonly by the Moeonias called Hyde, [unspec F] famous for the meer or lake of Gyges. Al that iurisdiction is at this day called Sardinia. Thi∣ther resort besides the abouenamed, the Caduenes, descended from the Macedonians; the Lo∣renes, Philadelphenes, yea and the very Moenians, such as inhabite vpon the riuer Cogamus at the foot of Tmolus; and the Tripolitanes who together with the Antoniopolites, dwel vpon

the riuer Maeander. Furthermore, the Apollonos-Hieritae, Mysotmolites, and others of small [unspec G] reputation.

Ionia beginneth at the gulfe Iasius, and all the coast thereof is very full of creekes and rea∣ches. The first gulfe or creeke therein is Basilicus; and ouer it the cape Posideum, and the town called somtime, the Oracle of Branchidae, but at this day, of Apollo Didymaeus, 20 stadia from the sea side. Beyond which 180 stadia, standeth Milletus, the head citie of Ionia, named in time past Lelegeis, Pityusa, and Anactoria. From which, as from a mother citie, are descended more than eighty others, all built along the sea coast by the Millesians. Neither is this city to be defrauded of her due honour, for bringing forth that noble citizen Cadmus, who deuised and taught first to write in Prose. Concerning the riuer Maeander, it issueth out of a lake at the foot of the mountain Aulocrene: and passing vnder many townes, and filled still with as many riuers running into it, it fetcheth such windings to and fro, that oftentimes it is taken for to run back [unspec H] againe from whence it came. The first countrie that it passeth through, is Apamia: and from thence it proceedeth to Eumenitica, and so forward through the plaines Bergylletici. Last of all, hee commeth gently into Caria, and when hee hath watered and ouerflowed all that land with a most fat and fruitful mud that he leaueth behind him, about ten stadia from Miletus, he dischargeth himselfe into the sea. Neer to that riuer, is the hill Latmus: the citie Heraclea, sur∣named Caryca, of a hill of that name: also Myus, which as the report goeth, was the first citie founded by the Ionians after their arriuall from Athens, Naulochum, and Pyrene. Also vpon the sea coast, the towne called Trogilia, and the riuer Gessus. Moreouer, this quarter all the Io∣nians resort vnto in their deuotion, and therefore named it is Panionia. Neere vnto it was built a priueledged place for all fugitiues, as appeareth by the name Phygela: as also the town Mara∣thesium [unspec I] stood there sometime: and aboue it, the renowmed citie Magnesia, surnamed, Vpon Maeander; of the foundation of that other Magnesia in Thessalie. From Ephesus it is 15 miles; and from Trallais thither, it is three miles farther. Beforetime, called it was Thessaloce, & An∣drolitia: and being otherwise situate vpon the strond, it tooke away with it other Islands called Derasides, and ioine them to the firme land from out of the sea. More within the maine stan∣deth Thyatira (in old time called Pelopia and Euhippa) vpon the riuer Lycus. But vpon the sea coast, yee haue Manteium, and Ephesus, founded in times past by the Amazones. But many names it had gone through before; for in time of the Troiane war, Alopes it was called: soone after, Ortygia, and Morges: yea, and it took name Smyrne, with addition of Trachaea, [i. rough] Samornium, and Ptelea. Mounted it is vpon the hill Pione, and hath the riuer Caystrus vnder [unspec K] it, which commeth out of the Cilbian hills, and bringeth downe with it many other riuers, and principally is maintained and enriched with the lake Pegaseum, which dischargeth it selfe by reason of the riuer Phyrites that runneth into it. With these riuers he bringeth downe a good quantitie of mud, whereby he increaseth the land: for now already a good way within the land, is the Island Syrie, ioined to the continent. A fountain there is within the citie, called Callipia; and two riuers (height both Selinus) comming from diuers parts, enuiron the temple of Diana. After you haue been at Ephesus, you come to another Manteium, inhabited by the Colopho∣nians: and within, the country Colophon it selfe, with the riuer Halesus vnder it. Then meet you with the noble temple of Apollo Clarius, and Lebedos. And in this quarter somtime was to be seen the towne Notium. The promontory also Coryceon is in this coast: and the mountaine [unspec L] Mimas, which reaches out 250 miles, and endeth at length in the plaines within the continent that ioyne vnto it. This is the place, wherein Alexander the Great commanded a trench seuen miles long and an halfe to be cut through the plain, for to ioyne two gulfes in one, and to bring Erythree and Mimas together for to be enuironed round therewith. Neere this city Erythree were sometimes the townes, Pteleon, Helos, and Dorion: now, there is the riuer Aleon, and the cape Corineum: vpon the mount Mimas, Clazomene, Partheniae, and Hippi called Chytopho∣ria, hauing beene sometime Islands: the same, Alexander caused to be vnited to the firme land for the space of two stadia. There haue perished within-forth and beene drowned, Daphnus, Hermesia, and Sipylum, called before-time Tantalis, notwithstanding it had beene the chiefe citie of Moeonia, situate in that place, where now is the meere or lake Sale. And for that cause [unspec M] Archaeopolis succeeded in that preeminence, and after it Colpe, and in stead thereof Lebade. As you returne from thence toward the sea side, about twelue miles off, you come vpon the citie Smyrna, built by an Amazonite, but repaired and fortified by Alexander the Great. Si∣tuat

it is pleasantly vpon the riuer Melis, which hath his head and source not far off. The most renowned hils in Asia for the most part, spred themselues at large in this tract, to wit, Mastu∣sia, [unspec A] on the back side of Smyrna; and Termetis, that meets close to the foot of Olympus. This hil Olympus endeth at the mountain Tmolus; Tmolus at Cadmus; and Cadmus at Taurus. When you are past Smyrna, you come into certain plains, occasioned by the riuer Hermus, and therefore adopted in his name. This riuer hath his beginning neer to Doryleus a city of Phry∣gia, and takes into it many other cities; & principally Phryge, which giues name to the whole nation, and diuides Phrygia and Caria asunder. Moreouer Lyllus & Crios, which also are big and great by reason of other riuers of Phrygia, Mysia, and Lydia, which enter into them. In the very mouth of this riuer stood somtime the towne Temnos; but now in the very vtmost nouke of the gulfe certain stony rocks called Myrmeces. Also the towne Leuce vpon the cape so cal∣led: [unspec B] somtime an Island it was: and last of all Phocaea, which limiteth and boundeth Ionia. But to returne to Smyrna; the most part of Aeolia, whereof we will speake anon, repaires com∣monly thither to their Parliament and Assises. Likewise the Macedonians, syrnamed Hircani, as also the Magnetes from Sipylum. But vnto Ephesus, which is another principal and famous city of Asia, resort those that dwell farther off, to wit, the Caesarians, Metropolites, Cylbianes; the Myso-Macedonians, as well the higher as the lower, the Mastaurians, Brullites, Hyppepoe∣nians, and Dios-Hieriteae.