The art of dravving vvith the pen, and limming in water colours more exactlie then heretofore taught and enlarged with the true manner of painting vpon glasse, the order of making your furnace, annealing, &c. Published, for the behoofe of all young gentlemen, or any els that are desirous for to become practicioners in this excellent, and most ingenious art, by H. Pecham., gent.

THE Second booke intreating of the true ordering of all manner of water colors and painting vpon glasse. (Book 2)

CHAP. 1.

HAVING hitherto as plainelie, as I could, giuen you those directions I haue thoughte moste ne∣cessary for drawing with the pen: I will shewe you next the righte mingling and ordering of your co∣lors, that after you can draw indiffernt well (for before I woulde not haue you know what colors meaneth) you may with more delighte apparrell your worke with the liuely and naturall beauty: and first of the choise of your grin∣ding stone and pencills.

I like best the porphyrie, white or greene Marble, * 1.1 with a muller or vpper stone of the same, cut verie euen without flawes or holes: you may buy them in London, of those that make toombs, they will laste

you youre life time, wearing very little or nothing: some vse glasse, but many times they gather vp their colours on the ground: others slates, but they with wearing (though neuer so hard at first) will kill all colours: you may also make you a mullar of a flat pibble, by grinding it smooth at a grind∣stone if you doe it handsomly, it is as good as the best: your great muscle shells commonly called horse muscles are the best for keeping colors, you may gather them in Iuly about riuer sides, the next to these are the small muscle shels washt and kepte very cleane.

Choose your pencils by their fastnes in the quils, and their sharp points, after you haue drawne and wetted them in your mouth; you shall buy them one after another for eight or ten pence a dozen at the Apothecaries.

Of the Seuerall Gummes that are vsed in grinding of water colors. CHAP. 2.

Gumme Arabick.

THE first and principall is gumme Arabick, choose it by the whitenes, clearenes, & the britlenes of it be∣ing broken betweene your teeth: for then it is good, take it and lay it in very faire water vntill it bee quite re∣solued,

and with it grind your colors: you may make it thinne or thick as all other gummes, at your plea∣sure, by adding & taking away the water you put to it.

2 Gumma Hederae, or of the luie.

There is an other verie excellent gumme that pro∣ceedeth from the Iuie which you shal get in this mā∣ner: find out first an O ake, or house that hath a great branch of Iuie climing vp by it, and with an axe cut it asunder in the midst, and then with your axe head bruise both the ends, & let it stand a month or there abouts, at what time you shall take from it a pure & fine gum like an oyle, which issueth out of the ends: take it off handsomly with a knife or spoon, and keep it in a viall; it is good to put into your gold size and other colors for threee respects, first it alaies the smell osthe size, secondly it taketh awaie the bubbles that arise vpon your gold size, and other colors, lastly it taketh awaie the clammines, and fatnes from your other colors: there is moreouer great vse of it in the confection of pommander.

3. Gumme lake.

Gumme lake is made with the glaire of egges, strained often and very short, about March or April: to which aboute the quantity of a pinte you muste put two spoonful of honey, and as much of Gumma Hederae as a hasell nut, and foure good spoonefuls of the strongest woort you can come by: then straine thē again with a spoong, or peece of wool, so fine as you can, & so long til that you see them runne like a fine

and cleare oyle, keepe it then in a cleane glasse, it wil grow hard, but you maie resolue it again with a little cleane water, as you doe gumme Arabeck: it is more∣ouer an excellent vernish for any picture.

4 Gumme Armoniack.

Take Gumme Armoniack, and grind it with the iuice of Garlicke so fine as maye bee, to which put 2. or three drops of weake Gumme Arabeck water, and temper it so that it bee not too thick, but that it may runne well out of your penne, and write therewith what you wil, and let it drie, and when you meane to guild vpon it, cut your gold, or siluer ac∣cording to the bignes of the size you haue laid; and then set it with a peece of wool in this manner: firste breath vpon the size, and then laye on your gold vp∣on it gently taken vp, which presse downe hard with your peece of wool, and then let it well drie, being dried, with a fine linnen cloath strike off finely the loose gold: then shal you find al that you drew very faire gold, and as clean as you haue drawn it, though it were as small as any heare: it is called gold Armo∣niack, and is taken many times for liquid gold.

Of guilding or the ordering of gold and siluer in water colors. CHAP. 3.

YOu maie guild onely with gumme water, as I wil shew you, make your water good and stiffe, and laye it on with your pencil where you woulde guild, then take a cushion that hath

smooth leather, and turn the bottom vpward, vpon that cut your gold with a sharp knife; in what quan∣tity you will, & to take it vp draw the edge of your knife finely vpon your tongue, that it may be onely wet: with which, doe but toutch the very edge of your gold, it will come vp and you may lay it as you list; but before you lay it on, let you gumme bee al∣most drie, otherwise it will drowne your gold: and being laid, presse it downe harde with the skut of an hare, afterward burnish it with a dogges tooth, or bores tush.

I call burnisht gold, that māner of guilding which wee ordinarily see in old parchment & Masse books, (done by monks and priests who were very expert heerin, as also in laying of colors, that in bookes of an hundred or two hundred yeares old you may see the colors as beautifull and as fresh as if they were done but yesterday,) it lieth commonly Embossed that you maie feele it, by reason of the thicknes of the ground or size, which size is made in this māner.

Take 3 partes of Bole Armoniack, and 4 of fine chalke, grind them together as smal as you can with cleane water, 3 or 4 times, and euery time let it drie, & see it be clean without grauil or grit, & then let it be throwghly Drie, then take the glaire of egges and straine it as short as water; grind then your bole and chalk therwith, & in the grinding put to a little gum Haederae, & a little ear wax, to the quātitie of a fitch, & 5 or 6 chiues of saffrō, which grind to gether as small as you can possible, & then put it into an ox horn, & couered close let it rot in hot horse dung, or in the

earth, for the space of 5 or 6 weekes, then take it vp and laie it in the aire, (for it will haue an ill sauor) & vse it at your pleasure.

To set gold or siluer.

TAKE a peece of your Gūme and resolue it in∣to a stiffe water, then grind a shiue of saffron there with, and you shal haue a fair gold: when you haue set it, and you see that it is throroughly drie, rub or burnish it with a dogs toothe.

To make liquid gold or siluer.

TAke 5 or 6 leaues of gold or siluer, and laie it vp on a cleane Porphiry, marble stone, or pane of glasse, and grind it with strong water of gumme Lake and a pretty quantity of greate salte, as small as you can, and then put it into a cleane vessel, or viall that is well glazed: and put thereto as much faire water as will fill the glasse or vessell, to the end it may dissolue the stiffe water you ground with it, & that the gold may haue room to go to the bottom let it stand so three or foure houres, then powre out that water, and put in more, vntill you see the gold clean washed: after that take clean water, which put therto with a little Sal Armoniack & great salt, so let it stand three or foure daies in some close place: thē must you distil it in this māner, take a peece of glo∣uers leather, that is very thin, & pick away the skinny side, and put your gold therein binding it close, thē hāging it vp, the Sal Armoniack will fret away, and the gold remain behind, which take, and when you will vse it, haue a little glaire water in a shell by you, wherin dip your pensill, taking vp no more gold then you shall vse.

Of all sorts of Reds, and their Tempering. CHAP. IIII.

Of Vermilion.

YOur fairest and most principall Red is Vermilion, called in Latine Mini∣um, it is a poison, and found where great store of quicksiluer is: you must grind it with the glayre of an egge, and in the grinding put too a little clarified hony, to make his colour brighte and perfect.

Sinaper Lake.

Sinaper (in Latine called Cinnabaris, or Synopis of the City Synope in Pontus, where it was first inuented) maketh a deepe and beautifull red or rather purple, almost like vnto a red Rose: the best was woont to be made, as Dioscorides saith, in Libia of Brimstone and quicksiluer burnt a long time to a small quantity: and not of the blood of the Elephant and Dragon as Pli∣nie supposed: you shall grind it with Gum Lake and * 1.2 Turnsoile water, if you will haue it light, put to a lit∣tle Ceruse, and it will make a bright crimson, if to di∣aper * 1.3 put to only Turnsoile water.

Synaper Top's.

Grinde your Tops after the same manner you doe your lake, they are both of one nature.

Red Lead.

Red lead, in Latine is called Syricum, it was woont to be made of Ceruse burnt; which grinde with a quantity of Saffron, and stiffe gumme lake: for your saffron will make it orient and of a Marigolde co∣lour. * 1.4

Turnesoile.

Turnsoile is made of old linnen ragges died, you shall vse it after this manner: lay it in a saucer of vi∣neger, and set it ouer a chafing dish of coales and let it boyle, then take it of and wring it into a shell, and put vnto it a little gum Arabeck, letting it stand 3 or 4 howrs, till it be dissolued: it is good to shadow car∣nations, and all yeallowes.

Roset.

You shall grind your Roset with Brasill water, and it will make you a deepe and a faire purple, if you * 1.5 put Ceruse to it, it maketh a lighter, if you grinde it with Litmose, it maketh a faire violet.

Browne of Spaine.

Grind your Browne of Spaine with Brasill water, and if you mingle it with Ceruse it maketh an horse * 1.6 flesh colour.

Bole Armoniack.

Bole Armoniack is but a faint colour, the chiefest vse of it, is, as I haue said in making a size for burnisht gold.

Of Greenes and their tempering. CHAP. V.

Greene Bice.

TAke green Bice, and order it as you do your blew bice, and in the selfe same manner: when it is moiste and not thorough drie, you may diaper vpon it with the water of deepe greene.

Vert-greace.

Vertgreace is nothing els but the rust of brasse, which in time being consumed and eaten with Tal∣low turneth into greene, as you may see many times vpon fowle candlestickes that haue not beene often made cleane, wherfore it hath the name in latine Ae∣rugo, in French Vert de gris, or the hoary greene: to tēper it as you ought, you must grind it with the iuice of Rue, and a little weak gum water, & you shall haue the purest greene that is; if you will diaper with it, grind it with the lie of Rue, (that is, the water wherin you haue sod your Rue or Herbgrace) and you shall haue an hoary greene: you shall diaper or Damaske vpon your vertgreace green, with the water of sap∣greene.

Verditure.

Take your verditure, and grind it with a weak gum Arabeck water, it is the faintest and palest green that is, but it is good to veluet vpon black in any manner of drapery.

Sappe greene.

Take Sapp greene and laie it in sharpe vineger all night, put to it a little Alom, to raise his colour, and you shall haue a good green to diaper vpon all other greenes.

Of Whites and their tempering.

Venice Ceruse.

Your principall white is Ceruse, called in Latine Cerussa, by the Italian Biacea. Vitruuius teacheth the making of it, which is in this manner. The Rhodians (saith he) vse to take the parings of vines or any other chips, and lay them in the bottoms of pipes or hogs∣heads, vpon which they powr great store of vinegar, and then laie aboue many sheets of lead, and so still one aboue another by rankes till the hogsheads are full, then stoppe they vp againe the hogsheads close, that no ayr may enter: which againe after a certayne time being opened, they find betweene the lead and chips great store of Ceruse: it hath beene much vsed (as, it is also now adaies) by women in painting their faces, at whome Martial in his merry vaine skoffeth, * 1.7 saying; Cerussata timet Sabella Solem. Actius saith it beeing throughly burnt, it turneth into a faire Red, which he calleth Syricum, grinde it with the glair of egs, that hath lien rotting a month or two vnder the ground, and it will make a most perfect white.

White Lead.

White Lead is in a manner the same that Ceruse is, saue that the Ceruse is refined & made more pure, you shall grinde it with a weake water of gum Lake, and let it stand 3 or 4 daies, Roset and Vermilion ma∣keth * 1.8 it a fair Carnation.

Spanish white,

There is an other white called Spanish white, which you may make your selfe in this manner; take fine chalk and grind it with the third part of Alome in faire water, till it be thick like pap, then roule it vp into balls, letting it lie til it be dry, when it is drie, put it into the fire, and let it remayne till it bee red whot like a burning coale, and then take it out and let it coole: it is the best white of al others to lace or gar∣nish beeing ground with a weake Gumme water.

of all manner of blewes and their orde∣ring. CHAP. 7.

Blew Bice.

TAke fine Bice and grind it vpon a clean stone, first with cleane water as smal as you can, then put it into an horn and wash it on this manner: put vnto it as much faire water as will fill vp your horne, and stirre it well, then let it stand the space of an houre, & all the bice shall fall to the bot∣tome, and the corruption will fleet aboue the water, then powre away the corrupt water, and put in more cleane water, and so vse it foure or fiue times, at the last powr awaie all the water, & put in clean water of

gum Arabeck not to stiffe, but sōwhat weak, that the bice may fall to the bottō, thē powre away the Gum water clean frō the bice; & put to another clean wa∣ter and so wash it vp, and if you would haue it rise of the same color it is of, when it is drie temper it with a weake gum water, which also will cause it to rise and swell in the driing, if a most perfect blew, and of the same color it is being wet, temper it with a stiffe water of gumme lake, if you would haue it light, grind it with a little ceruse, or the muting of an hawk that is white, if you will haue it a most deepe blew, put thereto the water of litmose.

Litmose blew

Take fine litmose and grind it with ceruse, and if you put to ouermuch Litmos, it maketh a deep blew: if ouermuch ceruse and lesse litmos, it maketh a light blew: you must grind it with weake water of gumme Arabeck.

Indebaudias.

Take Indebaudias and grind it with the water of Litmose, if you will haue it deepe; but if lighte, grind it with fine ceruse, and with a weake water of gumme Arabeck, you shall also grind your English Indebau∣dias, after the same manner, which is not fully so good a cullour as your indebaudias isyou must: Di∣aper lighte and deepe vpon it, with a good litmose water.

Florey blew.

Take Florey blew, and grinde it with a little fine Roset, and it will make a deep violet, and by putting in a quantity of Ceruse it wil make a light violet: with 2 parts of Ceruse, and one of red lead, it maketh a perfect Crane colour.

Korck or Orchal.

Take fine Orchal and grinde it with vnsleckt lime and vrine, it maketh a pure violet: by putting to more or lesse lime, you may make your violet light, or deep as you will.

To make a blew water to Diaper vpon all other blews.

Take fine Litmus and cut it in peeces, when you haue done, lay it in weak water of Gum Lake, and let it ly 24 howrs therein; and you shall haue a water of a most perfect azure, with which water you may dia∣per and damaske vpon all other blews, and sanguines to make them shew more fayr and beautifull: if it be∣gin to dry in your shell, moisten it with a little more water, and it will be as good as at the first.

OfYealowes and their mingling. CHAP. VIII.

Orpiment.

ORpiment called in Latine Arsenicum, or Auripigmentum, (because being broken it resembleth Gold for shining and co∣lour) is best ground with a stiffe water of Gumm Lake, and with nothing els:

because it is the best colour of it selfe, it will ly vpon no greene: for all greenes, white lead, Red lead, and Ceruse staine it: wherfore you must deepen your co∣lours so, that the Orpiment may be the highest, in which manner it may agree with all colours: it is said that Caius a certayne couetous Prince caused greate store of it to be burned, and tried for golde, of which he found some, and that very good; but so small a quantity, that it woulde not quite the coste in refi∣ning.

Masticot or General.

Grind your Masticot with a small quantity of Saf∣fron in Gum water, and neuer make it lighter then it is; it will endure and ly vpon all colours and mettals.

Pinke yealow.

You must grind your Pinke, if you will haue it sad coloured, with saffron; if light, with Ceruse: temper it with weake gum water and so vse it.

Oker de Luke.

Take fine Oker de Luke, or Luce, and grind it with a pure brasil water: it maketh a passing hayr-colour, and is a naturall shadow for gold.

Vmber.

Vmber is a more sad colour, you may grind it with Gumme water or Gumme Lake: and lighten it at your pleasure with a little Ceruse, and a chiue of saffron.

Of blacks and their ordering. CHAP. 9.

Harts horne.

THe best black to make your Sattens and veluets, in water colours, is the Harts horne burnt to a coale: you may buy it at euery Apothecaries (for it hath many vses in medicines) buy the blackest, and if there be (as commonly there is) any white, or ouerburnt peeces it it, pick them out cleane, for they wil infect the rest: for a shift you may burne an old combe, fanne handle, or knife haft, or any thing els that is iuory, they wil make a very good black in water, but in oyle the best of all others; or you may burne a manchet to a coale, which wil serue for a need.

Ordinary lamp black.

Take a torch ora link, and hold it vnder the bottom of a latten basen, and as it groweth to bee furd and black within, strike it with a feather into some shell or other, and grind it with gumme water.

To work with mettals.

Tinglas.

Grind Tinglas with weak gumme water as smal as you can, and when it is drie, and you haue wroughte it, burnish it with a Dogs tooth, and it will bee like Mettal.

Antemonie.

Grind your Antemony as your Tinglasse, and bur∣nish it in the same manner.

Eler-glasse.

Grind your Elerglas with stiffe water of Gumme Arabeck: for it is so brittle that otherwise it will not abide, and order it as you doe your other Mettals; it will agree with all colours sauing Orpiment.

Of making inkes of sundry colours.

Greene inke.

Take vertgrease and grind it with the iuice of a rot∣ten apple with a little saffron, when you haue done put it into a clean Horn and let it stand a good while, vntill the best fleet aboue, which take and put into a shell, vntill you haue occasion to vse it.

The best red inke.

Grind vermilion with the glaire of an egge, or stiffe gumme Arabeck water, putting hereto a little saffron, and so write with it out of a shell, if it be drie, you may soften it by adding a little more water.

yealow inke.

Take saffron rust, or the seedes, and grind it on your painters stone, halfe an hower, with the yolke of an egge: if you wil haue it a light yealow, adde ther∣to a little Ceruse.

Blew Inke.

Take Indico and grind it with gumme water, and put thereto blanck-bloome, as much as will quicken & and perfect his cullor.

White Inke.

Grind ceruse on a stone with Gumme water, and you haue done.

Sanguine Inke.

Take turne soyl and steepe it in gumme water, and after a while wring it into a shel, and so write with it.

To keepe inkes from freezing.

Put into any of them Camphire about the quanti∣tie of a fitch, and stirre it well about,

To make a golden water.

Take greene vitriol, Sal Gemma, and Sal Armo∣niack, and put them together: so that their bee the quantitie of an ownce; and seeth them in a quart of white wine, vntill it be halfe wasted awaie, and when it is coole worke withall:

To make an excellent greene water.

Take red vineger and the Vrine of a Ramme, the filing of brasse and an ownce of vert-greace, with the gall of a Bul, & boile them together the space of go∣ing halfe a mile: and then put thereto a prety quantity of Alome, & let it stand. 7. or 8. daies, and so worke with it.

Thus briefly haue I taught you your colors, and the manner of ordering or tempering the same: for the mixtnre of some one cullor of many, (as a bay or Sorrell in a horse) you must haue some time to doe it by your owne discretion and obseruation: for it wold bee too tedious a peece of worke to giue directions

all, when as a man may of one color alone, make a∣boue a thousand species, or kindes: wherefore when you come to a compounded color, (like the afore∣said) which you can very hardly make, mingle those colors which you know come neerest vnto it, confer and laie them to the life, adding or taking awaie as you see cause.

The manner of Annealing and painting vpon glasse. CHAP. I.

AS there haue been of late years ma∣ny artes inuented, and others, that in a manner laie rude and vnregarded, through the industry of our times growne to ful perfection: So I make no question on the other side, but di∣uers by our Idlenes & negligence are vtterly lost and forgotten; that I may alledge one in stead of the rest, I would know what Lapidarie, or any els could shew mee the art of casting that marble, where of wee see many fayre and beautifull pillars in Westminster, Lincolne, Peterborough; &c, and in many places whole pauements, as in Saint Albanes Abbey, Gor∣manchester, &c; surely I think not any: And what hath been in greater request then good workmanship in glasse, when scarce now any maie bee found (excepte some few in Londō, and they perhaps dutchmen to) that haue but the ordinary skill of annealing and

laying their colours: verily I am perswaded, if our forefat hers had knowne, how little we regarded ei∣ther their deuotion or cost in painting glasse win∣dowes, they would haue spared their mony, to some better purpose; nay if we would in many places imi∣tate them so farre, as but to allow our Churches and Chappels glasse, it were wel; where many times you shall see whole panes (whereof some haue carried the names of their deuout and religious founders; o∣thers the royal coates either of our auncient kinges of this land, their Allies, or of the benefactors and Lords of that place, monuments many times of great importance,) for want of repaire partly beene beaten downe by the weather, partly by ouer pre∣cise parsōs & vicars, (as one in Northamptonshire did in his chauncel, the armes of King Edward the 3. and the dukes of Yorke and Clarence, taking them for images,) and the windowes stopt vp with strawe and sedge, or damd vp quite, a regard I confes hath been had of these abuses, but I feare me a great deal too late.

The best workmanship that may be seene in Eng∣land at this daie in glasse, is in K. Colledge Chappel in Cambridge, containing (as they say) the whole history both of the old and new testament, the next to that in Henry the seuenths Chapel at Westmin∣ster the one finished, the other wholly builte by the said religious King. There are many good peeces els in diuers other places, as Canterbury, Lin∣colne, &c: vnto which being drawne by their own antiquitye, and loue of arte, I haue in a manner

gone in pilgrimage, neither, as I thought, loosing my labour, since I can shew almost 8 hundred seuerall auncient coates, which out of old and decaied win∣dowes, I haue entertained from the iniury of rude hands, and fowle weather.

CHAP. 2.

THere be six principal colors in glasse; which are Or, or yealow Argent, or white, Sables, Azure, Gules, and Vert, black, blew, red, and greene.

How to makeyour Or, or yealow vpon glasse.

Your yealow is made in this manner, take an olde groate: or other peece of the purest and best refmed filuer that you can get, then take a good quantitie of Brimstone, and melt it, when ye haue done, put your siluer into the Brimstone melted; and take it forth a∣gaine with a pair of pliers or smal tongues, and lighte it at the fier, holding it in your tongues vntil it leaue burning: then beate your siluer in a brazen Mortar to dust, which dust take out of the mortar, and lay∣ing it on your Marble stone grind it (adding vnto it a smal quātity of yelow Oker) with gum Arabeck water and when you haue drawne with your pencill what you will, let it of it selfe throughly drie vpon the glasse.

Another fair Gold or yealow vpon Glasse.

Take a quantity of good siluer, and cut it in small peeces: Antemonium beaten to powder, and put them togither in a crucible or melting cruse, and set them

on the fire, well couered round about, with coales for the space of an houre: then take it out of the fire, and cast it into the bottom of a candle stick, after that beat it small into powder, and so grind it.

Note when as you take your siluer as much as you meane to burne, remember to waie againste it six times as much yealow oaker as it waieth, and seauen times as much of the old earth, that hath been scra∣ped of the annealed worke, as your siluer waieth: which after it is well ground, put altogether into a pot and stir it well, and so vse it, this is the best yea∣low.

Argent or white.

Argent or siluer, is the glasse it self, and needeth no other colour, yet you may diaper vpon it with other glasse or Christal, beaten to powder and ground.

Sables.

Take Iet, and the scales of Iron, and with a wet fe∣ther when the smith hath taken an heat, take vp the scales that fly from the Iron; which you may doe by laying the feather on them, & those scales that come vp with the feather, you shall grind vpon your pain∣ters stone, with the Iet and Gum me water, so vse it as your gold aboue written.

Azure, Gules, and Ver••.

These three colors are to be vsed after one māner

you m ay buy or speak vnto some merchant you are acquainted withall, to po cure you what coloured beads you will, as for example, the most & perfectest red beads, that can be come by, to make you a faire red, beat thē into powder, in a brazē Mortar, then buy the gold smithes red Ammell, which in any case let be very transparent and through-shining, take of the beades two pearls, and of the Ammel one part, and gtind them together as you did your filuer, in the like sort may you vse al the other cullors.

Another saire red vpon glasse.

Take a quantity of Dragons blood, called in Latin Sanguis Draconis, beate it into fine powder in a mor∣tar, and put it in a linnen cloath, & put thereto strōg Aquauitae, and strain them to gether in a pot, and vse them when you need.

An other excellent greene vpon glasse.

Take a quantitie of vertgrease and grind it very well with Turpentine, when you haue done put it into a pot, and as often as you vse it warme it on the fire.

To make a faire carnation vpon a glasse.

Take an ownce of Tinne-glas, one quarter of gum ofIet three ownces, ofRed oker fiue ownces, & grind them together.

Another black

Take a quantity of iron scales, and so many copper scales and waie them one against an other, and half as much Iet, and mix them well together.

Before you occupy your scales, let them be stamped small, and put them into a cleane fire shouel, and set them vpon the fire till they be red whot, and they wil be the better.

Another Carnation.

Take a quantity of let, and halfe as much siluer scum, or glasse tinne, & halfe as much of Iron scales, a quarter as much of gum, and as much red chalk as all these do way, and grind it.

The manner of annealing your glasse, after you haue laid on your colours.

Take brickes, and therewith make an ouen fowre square, one foot and a halfe high in this manner:

[illustration]

and raise it a foote and a halfe high, when you haue done, laye little barres of Iron ouerthwart it thus, three or fowr, or as many as will serue, then raise it aboue the barres one foote and a halfe more, then is it high enough: when you pur∣pose to anneale, Take a plate of Iron made fitt for the aforesaid o∣uen, or for want thereof, take a blew stone, such as they make hauer or oaten cakes

vpon which being made fit for the aforesayd ouen, lay it vpon the crosse barres of Iron: that done, take sleekt lime & sift it through a fine siue, into the ouen, open the plate or stone, and make a bed of lime, then lay your glasse which you haue wrought and drawne before, vpon the said bed of lime; then sift vpon the said glasse: another bed of lime, & vpon that bed lay other glas, and so by beds you maie lay as much glas as the ouen wil containe: prouiding alwaies that one glasse touch not another. Then make a softe fire vn∣der your glasse, and let it burn til it be sufficiently an∣nealed: it maie haue (you must note) too much or too little of the fire, but to prouide that it shal be wel, you shal doe as followeth.

[illustration]

To know when your glasse is well annealed.

Take so many peeces of glasse, as you purpose to lay beds of glasse in your ouen, or furnace, and draw in colors what you will vpon the said peeces, or if you wipe them ouer with some color, with your fin∣ger onely it is enough: & lay with euery bed of your wrought and drawne glasse one of the said peeces of glasse, which are called watches, & when you think that they are sufficiētly annealed with a pair of pliers or tongs, take out the first watch which is the lowest, & next to the fire, and laie it vpon a boord vntill it be cold: then scrape it good and harde with a knife, and if the color goeth off; it hath not enough of the fire, & if it hold it is wel annealed.

When you woulde occupie any oiled color in glasse, you shal once grind it with gumme water, &

then temper it with spanish Turpentine, and let it drie as neere the fire as may bee, then is it perfect.

Other notes worthy of the practise and obseruation.

Colours for a table worke.

Take Indie blew, and grind it vpon your stone, or glasse, and gumme it wel: and laie it vpon your table worke as you thinke good, striking your blew ouer with linseed oylvpon which after it hath dried a lit∣tle, lay on lesse gold or siluer, and it will be faire.

For a faire Red.

Take faire black adding thereto a small quantity of Sanguis Draconis, and grind it vpon a stone with the fattest oyl you can get, afterward grind it as drie as you can, and put it into a shell: after you haue laid it let your color dry, and strike it ouer with linseed oyl, after that laie on you siluer.

For greene.

Take spanish greene, and grind it as you ground your black, and laie it: you may first shadow it with blew, and so lay your greene vpon it: and after let∣ting it Drie in the sunne, lay on the green or siluer as is beforementioned.

For a gold cloath.

Take your carnation and deep it is as you would deepe with black, and strike it thin with oile, and af∣ter lay your gold on, and it will bee faire.

To write vpon iron.

Take vertgrease, greene copperaes, vinegar, and roch Alome: and temper them together: and melte wax vpon your sword or knife, vpon which draw or

write what you will.

Hauing thus (friendly reader) for thy behoof plaid both the Painter and Glasier at once, I craue pardon if in so deepe a skill I haue not satisfied thee in all things: what I haue omitted it is not through Igno∣rance, but because I would not trouble thee a learner (as I imagine) with ouer busie or tedi∣ous conclusions; hauing long since lerned that lesson of Horace. Quicquid praecipies breuis esto. &c. And thus not doubting of thy good will for my paines, such as they are, I throw away my Apron, and bid thee heartily adew.

This example wants pag. 22. lin. 2. refer it thither.

[illustration]

FINIS.

Notes

• * 1.1

  The choyse of your grin∣ding stone & mullar.
• * 1.2

  Lib. 33. cap; 7.
• * 1.3

  A bright Crimson.
• * 1.4

  Marigold colour.
• * 1.5

  A purple. A faire violet.
• * 1.6

  Horseflesh colour.
• * 1.7

  Epigram, lib. 2.
• * 1.8

  A fair Car∣nation.