The workes of that famous chirurgion Ambrose Parey translated out of Latine and compared with the French. by Th: Johnson

CHAP. I. The Division or partition of Mans body.

BY reason the partition of mans body can hardly be understood, if the distin∣ction of the proper faculties of the soule be not understood, for whose cause the body enjoyes that forme (which wee see) and devision into di∣vers instruments; Therefore I thought good in few words to touch that di∣stinction of the faculties of the soule, for the better understanding of the partition of the body which wee intend. Wherefore the soule, the perfection of the body, and * 1.1 beginning of all its functions, is commonly distinguished and that in the first and ge∣nerall division, into three faculties, which are the Animall, vitall, and naturall. But the Animall is devided into the principall, sensitive, and motive; Againe, the principall is distinguished into the imaginative, reasonable, and memorative. And the sensitive into Seeing, Hearing, Smelling, Tasting, and Touching. But the motive into pro∣gressive and apprehensive. And the vitall is devided into the dilative, and contra∣ctive facultie of the heart and arteries, which we know or understand by the pulsi∣ficke facultie. But the naturall is parted into the nutritive, auctive, and generative fa∣culties; which three performe their parts by the helpe and ministerie of five other faculties, which are, the Attractive, Retentive, Concoctive, Assimulative, and Ex∣pulsive.

After the selfe same manner, the organ or instrument of the soule, to wit, Mans bo∣dy, * 1.2 at the first division is distinguished into three parts, which from their office they call Animall, vitall, and naturall. These againe, according to the subdivision of the subalternall faculties, are devided particularly into other parts; so that any one may know the organe of each facultie, by the propertie of the function. For while o∣ther Anatomists devide mans body into foure universall and chiefe parts, they distin∣guish from the three first, those which they call the Extremities; neither doe they teach to what rancke of the three prime parts each extremitie should be reduced. From whence many difficulties happen in reading the writings of Anatomists; for shunning whereof, we will prosecute, as wee have said, that distinction of mans bo∣dy, which we have touched before.

Wherefore, as wee said before, mans body is devided into three principall and * 1.3 generall parts, Animall, Vitall, and Naturall. By the Animall parts; wee understand not onely the parts pertaining to the head, which are bounded with the crowne of the head, the coller-bones, and the first Vertebra of the breast, but also the extremi∣ties,

because they are organs and instruments of the motive facultie; 〈…〉〈…〉 seemes to have confirmed the same, where hee writes; Those who have a thicke and * 1.4 great head, have also great bones, nerves, and limbs. And in another place: h•••• ••aith, those who have great heads, and when they stoope shew a long necke, such have all their parts large, but chiefly the animal. Not for that Hippocrates would therefore have the head the beginning and cause of the magnitude and greatnesse of the bones, and the rest of the members; but that he might shew the equallity, and private-••are or government of nature, being most just and exact in the fabricke of mans body, as if she hath well framed the head, it should not be unlike, that shee idlely or carele•…•…y neglected the other parts which are lesse seene. I thought good to dilate this passage, least any might abuse that authoritie of Hippocrates, and gather from thence, that not onely the bones, membranes, ligaments, gristles, and all the other animall parts, but also the veines and arteries depend on the head as the originall. But if any ob∣serve this our distinction of the parts of the body, he will understand wee have a farre other meaning.

By the vitall parts, we understand onely the heart, arteries, lungs, winde-pipe, and * 1.5 other particles annexed to these. But by the naturall, wee would have all those parts understood which are contained in the whole compasse of the Peritonaeum or Rim of the body, and the processes of the Erythroides, the second coate of the Testicles. For as much as belongs to all the other parts, which we call containing; they must be rec∣koned in the number of the animall, which notwithstanding, we must thus devide in∣to principall, sensitive, and motive; and againe, each of these in the manner follow∣ing. For first the principall is devided into the imaginative, which is the first and up∣per part of the braine, with its two ventricles and other annexed particles; into the * 1.6 reasoning, which is a part of the braine, lying under the former, and as it were the toppe thereof with its third ventricle. Into the memorative, which is the cerebell•…•… or afterbraine, with a ventricle hollowed in its substance. Secondly, the sensitive is parted into the visive, which is in the eyes; the auditive, in the eares; the smelling▪ in the nose; the tasting, in the tongue and palate; the tactive, or touching which is in the body, but most exquisite in the skinne which invests the palmes of the hands. Thirdly, the motive, is devided into the progressive, which intimates the legges, and the com∣prehensive, which intimates the hands. Lastly, into simply motive, which are three parts, called bellies, for the greatest part terminating and containing; for the vitall, the instrument of the faculty of the heart, and dilatation of the arteries, are the direct or streight fibers, but of the constrictive the transverse; but the three kinds of fibers * 1.7 together, of the pulsificke; or if you please you may devide them into parts serving for respiration, as are the lungs, and weazon, and parts serving for vitall motion, as are the heart and arteries, furnished with these fibers, which we formerly mentioned. The devision of the naturall parts remaines, which is into the nourishing, auctive and generative, which againe are distributed into attractive, universall, and particular; * 1.8 retentive, concoctive, distributive, assimulative, & expulsive. The attractive, as the gul∣let and upper orifice of the ventricule; the retentive, as the Pylorus or lower passage of the stomacke; the concoctive, as the body of the ventricle, or its inner coate; the distributive, as the three small guts; the expulsive, as the three great guts; we may say the same of the liver, for that drawes by the mesaraicke and gate veines, retaines by the narrow orifices of the veines dispersed through the substance thereof; it con∣cocts by its proper flesh; distributes by the hollow veine, expels by the spleene, blad∣der of the gall and kidneies. We also see the parts in the testicles devided into as many functions; for they draw by the preparing vessels; retaine by the varieous crooked passages; in the same vessels they concoct the seed by the power of their proper sub∣stance and facultie; they distribute by the ejaculatorie, at the glandules called Pro∣stata, and the hornes of the wombe, supplying the place of prostates; Lastly, they expell or cast forth by the prostates, hornes, and adjoyning parts. For as much as be∣longs to the particular attraction, retention, concoction, distribution, assimulation of each part, that depends of the particular temper, and as they terme it, occulte proper∣tie of each similar and simple part. Neither doe these particular actions differ from the universall, but that the generall are performed by the assistance of the three sorts

of fibers, but the speciall by the severall occult propertie of their flesh, arising from their temperature, which we may call a specificke propertie. Now in the composi∣tion of mans body, nature principally aimes at three things. The first is, to create parts necessary for life, as are the heart, braine, and liver. The second, to bring forth other for the better and more commodious living, as the eyes, nose, eares, armes and hands. The third is, for the propagation and renewing the species or kind, as the privie parts, testicles, and wombe. And this is my opinion, of the true di∣stinction of mans body, furnished with so many parts, for the performance of so ma∣ny faculties; which you, if you please, may approve of and follow. If not, you may follow the common and vulgar, which is, into three bellies, or capacities, the upper, middle, lower (that is, the head, breast and lower belly) and the limbs or joints. * 1.9 In which by the head we doe not understand all the Animall parts, but onely those which are from the crowne of the head to the first vertebra of the necke, or to the first of the backe, if according to the opinion of Galen Lib. de ossibus, where he makes mention of Enarthrosis and Arthrodia, we reckon the necke amongst the parts of the head. By the brest, whatsoever is contained from the coller bones to the ends of the true and bastard, or short ribbs, and the midriffe. By the lower belly, the rest of the trunke of the body, from the ends of the ribbs to the share-bones; by the limbs, we understand the armes and legges. We will follow this division in this our Ana∣tomicall discourse, because wee cannot follow the former in dissecting the parts of mans body, by reason the animall parts are mutually mixed with the vitall and na∣turall, and first of the lower belly.

Nature would not have this lower belly bony, because the ventricle might bee * 1.10 more easily dilated by meate and drinke, children might grow the better, and the body be more flexible. It is convenient we beginne our Anatomicall administration from this, because it is more subject to putrifaction than the rest, both by reason of its cold and moist temperature, as also by reason of the feculent excrements therein contained. Yet before we goe any further, if the Anatomicall administration must be performed in publike, the body bring first handsomely placed, and all the instru∣ments necessary for dissection made ready, the belly must be devided into its parts, of which some containe, and othersome are contained.

They are called containing, which make all that capacity which is terminated by the Peritonaeum or Rim of the belly. The vpper part whereof is bounded by Galen * 1.11 within the compasse of the direct muscles, and by a generall name is called Epigastri∣um, or the vpper part of the lower belly. That againe is devided into three parts, that is, into that which is above the navell, and which carries the name of the whole, into that which is about the navell, and is called the umbilicall or middle part; and lastly, into that which is below the navell, called the Hypogastrium, or the lower part of the lower belly.

In every of which three parts there be two laterall, or side parts to be considered, as in the Epigastrium, the right and left Hypochondria, which are bounded above and * 1.12 below, in the compasse of the midriffe, and the short ribbs. In the vmbilicall the two Lumbares (some call them Latera sides) which on both sides from the lowest parts of the breast, are drawne to the flankes, or hanch-bones; in the Hypogastrium, the two Ilia, or flankes, bounded with the hanch and share-bones. Neither am I ignorant, the Ilia or flankes, which the Greekes call 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 signifie all the emptie parts, from the ends of the ribs, even to the hanch-bones, whereupon they also call them 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 as if you should say, empty spaces, because they are not encompassed with any bone. Yet I thought good that this doctrine of deviding the belly should be more di∣stinct, to call the parts which are on each side the navell Lumbares, and those on the lower part of the lower belly Ilia, flankes. But we must observe that the Ancients have been so diligent in deciphering the containing parts, that as exactly as might be, they designed the bowells contained in the belly, which being diverse lie in sundrie places; for the greater portion of the liver lies under the right Hypochondrium; un∣der the left almost all the ventricle and spleene. Vnder the Epigastrium the lower ori∣fice of the ventricle, and the smaller portion of the liver; In the Lumbares, or fides, in the right and upper part the right kidney, in the lower part towards the flancke, the

blinde gut; in the middle part thereof the collicke and emptie guts. In the upper part of the left side lies the left kidney, in the middle part, the rest of the emptie and collike guts. Vnder the region of the navell, lies the girdle or upper part of the kall, the collike gut thrusting it selfe also through that way. Vnder the Ilia or flankes, the right and left, lie the greater part of the gut Ileon, the hornes of the wombe in women bigge with child, and the spermaticke vessels in men and women. Vnder the Hypogastrium in the lower part lies the right, or straight gut, the bladder, wombe, and the rest of the kall.

If we know, and well understand these things, wee shall more easily discerne the * 1.13 parts affect by the place of the paine, and cure it by fit application of remedies, with∣out the hurting of any part. The distinction of such places, and the parts in those places, as seeming most profitable, I have thought good to illustrate by the placing these two following figures, in which thou hast deciphered, not onely the forefaid parts, containing, and contained, but also of the whole body, and many other things which may seeme to conduce to the knowledge of the mentioned parts. The Figures are these.

[illustration]

The Figure shewing the foreparts of the body.

A The hairy Scalp, cald 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.

b the forehead cald Frons. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.

c the temples cald tēpora, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.

From b to d The compasse of the face.

e The greater or inward corner of the eyes, cald Canthus internus.

f The lesser or externall angle of the eye, cald Canthus externus,

* The lower eyebrow which is im∣moveable, Palpebra.

g The cheek-ball cald mala, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.

h The chek-puf cald bucca, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.

i The ridge of the nose cald Nasus externus, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.

k The nosthrils cald nares, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.

l The outward care; auris externa.

m The mouth made of the two lips, Os.

n The chin called mentum, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.

o The necke, collum 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 and 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.

From o. to e. the pillar of the necke, truneus, and 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.

pp The hollow of the necke, called iuguli, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.

qq The patel bones, claves 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.

r The chest pectus, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.

s The right brest.

ss The left brest: to this Region we apply cordiall Epithemations moist and drie.

tt The nipples of the brests, Pa∣pillae 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.

u The trench of the heart which the Ancients called 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. The Latines scrobiculus Cordis. This part is annointed for the mouth of the stomacke.

From u to E, the lower belly, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.

χ. The Epigastirum or upper part. of the lower belly.

yy. The Hypocondria or Praecor∣dia.

* The outward Liver-remedies are applied to this place.

Z. The region of the navill, c••l∣lep umbilicalis, or the middle part of the lower belly.

A. The navill umbilicus. The roote of the belly 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.

BB. The side, Latera, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. and in our Author, Lumbi seu Lumbaris regio.

C. Hypogastrium, the water∣course, Aqualiculus, the lower part of the lower beelley, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.

DD. The flankes called Ilia and 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.

E. The Groine called pubes or pecten, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.

FF. The Leske cald inguen, where those tumors are cald Bubones.

G. the yard with the foreskinne, penis cumpraeputi••.

H. the stones or testicles, with the cod or scrotum.

II. the shoulders humeri, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.

KK. the armes Brachia, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.

L. the bowt of the arme, called Gibber, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.

M. the out side of the lower part of the arme cald cubitus 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.

N. the wrest called Brachial•• 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.

O. the after-wrest postbrachiale, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.

P. the Palme called Palma or volo manus, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.

Q the backe of the hand Dorsum manus, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.

QQ. the fore ann middle part of the thigh, where wee apply cuppingglasses to bring downe womens courses, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.

RR. the knee, genus 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.

SS. the leg, Tibia 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.

TT. the calfe of the leg sura, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.

VV. the instep, tarsus,

XX. the top of the foote Dor∣sum pedis, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.

YY. the inner Ankles, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 ZZ. the outward anckles. 〈◊〉〈◊〉 the toes of the feete, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 the place under the inward anckle, vvher•• the veine called Saphe•••• is opened.

[illustration]

The Figure of the backe parts of a man.

A The forepart of the head, synciput, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.

B. the top or crowne of the head vertex, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.

C. the hinder-part of the head, occiput, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.

From D. to D. the face, Facies. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.

* E. the eyebrowes supercilia, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.

F. the upper eye-lid, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.

* The tip of the nose cald globulus nasi.

H. the backe part of the neeke, cald cervix, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. and the nuke or nape of the necke. There is a hollownesse at the top of this cervix, where wee apply Seatons.

I. the backe part of the shoulder top, called ax∣illa, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.

KK. the shoulder blades scapulae, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.

1, 2, 3. On this place wee set cupping glasses.

4, 5, 6, 7. the backe dorsum, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.

8, 9. the ridge, spina dorsi, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.

L the arme hole, ala, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.

* the elbow, Gibber brachij.

M M M M. the sides, Latera.

N N the loines Lumbi, or the region of the kid∣neyes, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.

O O. the place of the hips, coxendices, where we apply remedies for the Sciatica.

P. the place of the holy-bone, or Os sacrum where we apply remedies in the diseases of the right gut.

Q. the place of the Rumpe or Coccyx.

RR. the buttocks Nates, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.

SS. the backe parts of the thigh, Femen.

TT. the ham, Poples, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.

VV. the calfe of the leg, sura.

XX. the foote or paru••s pes, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.

YY. the utter ancle, Malleolus externus.

ZZ. the heele, calx or calca••eus, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.

aa the sole of the foote Planta pedis, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.

b the inside of the lower part of the arme called Vlna, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.

c. the outside of the same, Cubitus 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.

dd the wrest, Carpus

ee the backe part of the hand, dorsum manus. g. the forefinger index 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. h, the thumb, pollex, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.

i. the middle finger, medius, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.

k the rig-finger Annularis, medicus, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.

l. the little finger, Auricularis, minimus, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.

Notes

• * 1.1

  What the soul•• is, and with how many faculties it is endewed.
• * 1.2

  All the parts of mans body are distin∣guished into three.
• * 1.3

  What parts are here called Animall.
• * 1.4

  Lib. 6. Epidem.
• * 1.5

  What parts are called vi∣tall.
• * 1.6

  The devision of the animall parts.
• * 1.7

  The devision of the vitall parts.
• * 1.8

  The devision of the naturall parts.
• * 1.9

  The vulgar division of mans body.
• * 1.10

  Why the belly is not bony.
• * 1.11

  The devision of the lower belly.
• * 1.12

  The Hypo∣chondria.
• * 1.13

  A most cer∣taine note of the part af∣fected, by the place where the paine is.