The workes of that famous chirurgion Ambrose Parey translated out of Latine and compared with the French. by Th: Johnson

OF THE SMALL POCKS AND MEAZLES: AS ALSO OF VVORMES AND THE LEPROSIE. THE TWENTIETH BOOKE. (Book 20)

CHAP. I. Of the causes of the Small Pockes and Meazles.

FOR that the small Pocks and Meazles are diseases, which usually are forerunners and foretellers of the plague, not only by the cor∣ruption of humours, but oft times by default of the aire; moreo∣ver, for that wormes are oft times generated in the plague, I have thought good to write of these things, to the end that by this trea∣tise the young Surgeon may bee more amply and perfectly in∣structed in that pestilent disease. Also I have thought good to treat of the Leprosie as being the off-spring of the highest corruption of humours in the body. Now the small pocks are pustles, and the meazels spots which arise in the top of the skinne by reason of the impurity of the corrupt blood sent thither by * 1.1 the force of nature. Most of the Antients have delivered that this impurity is the reliques of the menstruous blood remaining in the body of the infant, being of that matter from whence it drew nourishment in the wombe, which lying still or quiet for some space of time, but stirred up at the first opportunity of a hotter summer, or a foutherly or rainy season, or a hidden malignity in the aire, and boyling up, or working with the whole masse of the blood, spread or shew themselves upon the whole surface of the body. An argument hereof is, there are few or none who have not beene troubled with this disease, at least once in their lives, which when it be∣gins to shew it selfe, not content to set upon some one, it commonly seazeth upon more: now commonly there is as much difference betweene the small pockes and meazles, as there is between a Carbuncle and a pestilent Bubo. For the small pocks arise of a more grosse and viscous matter, to wit, of a phlegmaticke humour. But the meazles of a more subtle and hot, that is, a cholericke matter, therefore this yeilds no markes thereof, but certaine small spots without any tumour, and these either red, purple, or blacke. But the small pockes are extuberating pustles, white in the midst, but red in the circumference, an argument of blood mixed with chol∣ler,

yet they are scarce knowne at the beginning, that is, on the first or second day they appeare; but on the third and fourth day they bunch out and rise up into a tu∣mour, becomming white before they turne into a scab; but the meazles remaine still the same. Furthermore the small pockes pricke like needles by reason of a cer∣taine acrimony, and cause an itching; the meazles doe neither, either because the * 1.2 matter is not so acride and biting, or else for that it is more subtle, it easily exhales, neither is it kept shut up under the skinne. The patients often sneese when as these matters seek passage out, by reason of the putride vapoures ascending from the low∣er parts upwards to the braine. They are held with a continuall feaver, with paines in their backes, itching of their nose, head-ach, and a vertiginous heavinesse, and with a kinde of sowning or fainting, a nauseous disposition, and vomiting, a hoarse∣nesse, difficult and frequent breathing, an inclination to sleepe a heavinesse of all the members their eyes are fiery and swollen, their urine reduce and troubled. For prognostickes, wee may ruley say thus much. That the matter whence this affect takes its originall, partakes of so malign, pestilent and contagious a quality, that not * 1.3 content to mang••e and spoile the fleshy parts, it also eates and corrupts the bones, like the Lues venerea, as I observed not onely in Anno Dom. 1568. but also in divers other yeares, whereof I thinke it not amisse to set downe this notable example.

The daughter of Claude Piquè bookseller, dwelling in S. James his street at Paris, * 1.4 being some foure or five yeeres old, having beene sicke of the small pockes for the space of a month, and nature could not overcome the malignity of the disease, there rose abscesses upon the sternon and the joints of the shoulders, whose eating and vi∣rulent matter, corroded the bones of the sternon, and divided them insunder; also it consumed a great part of the toppe of the shoulder-bone, and the head of the blade-bone: of this thing I had witnesses with me, Marcus Myron physitian of Paris, and at this present the Kings chiefe physitian, John Doreau Surgeon to the Conte de Bry∣ane, the body being dissected in their presence. Also you may observe in many kil∣led by the malignity of this disease, and dissected, that it causeth such impression of corruption in the principall parts, as brings the dropsie, ptisick, a hoarsenesse, Asth∣ma, bloody fluxe ulcerating the guts, and at length bringing death, as the pustles have raged or raigned over these or these entrailes, as you see them to do over the sur∣face * 1.5 of the body; for they do not only molest the externall parts, by leaving the im∣pressions and scarres of the pustles and ulcers, rooting themselves deepe in the flesh, but also oft times they take away the faculty of motion, eating asunder, and weake∣ning the joints of the elbow, wrest, knee and ancle. Moreover sundry have been de∣prived of their sight by them, as the Lord of Guymenay, others have lost their hea∣ring, and other some their smelling, a fleshy excrescence growing in the passages of the nose and eares. But if any reliques of the disease remaine, and that the whole matter thereof bee not expelled by the strength of nature, then symptomes after∣wards arise, which savour of the malignity of the humour, yea and equall the harme of the symptomes of the Lues venerea.

CHAP. II. Of the cure of the Small Pockes and Meazles.

THe cure of this disease useth to bee divers, according to the condition of the humour free from, or partaker of the venenate quality. For if it par∣take * 1.6 of malignity, and the childe bee a sucking childe, such things shall be given to the Nurse as may infringe and overcome the strength of the ma∣lignity, as wee shall shew more at large, when wee come to treat of the cure of chil∣dren which are sick of the plague; howsoever it be, the child must be kept in a warm roome free from winde, and must bee wrapped and covered with scarlet cloathes, untill the pockes come forth. There shall bee provided for the Nurse medicated brothes with purslaine, lettuce, 〈◊〉〈◊〉, succory, borage, and French barly bound

up in a cloth. She shall shun all salt, spiced and baked meates, and in stead of wine drinke a decoction of liquerice, raisons and sorrell roots. She shall also take purging medicines, as if she were sicke of the same disease, that so her milke may become me∣dicineable. Lastly, shee shall observe the same diet as is usually prescribed to such as have the plague. You shall give the child no pappe, or if you give it any, let it bee very little. But if the child be weaned, let him abstaine from flesh, untill the feaver * 1.7 have left him, and the pocks bee fully come forth: in stead of flesh let him feed on barly and almond creames, chicken brothes, wherein the fore-named herbes have beene boyled, ponadoes, gellies, culasses, prunes and raisons. Let his drinke bee a ptisan made of French barly, grasse and sorrell roots, or with a nodula containing the foure cold seeds, the pulpe of prunes and raisons, with the shavings of Ivory and harrs-horne; Betweene meales the same decoction may be mixed with some syrupe of violets, but not of roses or any other astringent syrupe, lest wee hinder the course and inclination of the humour outwards. Let his sleepe be moderate, for too sound sleep drawes back the mater to the center, and encreaseth the feaver; you must nei¦ther * 1.8 purge, nor draw bloud the disease increasing or being at the height, unlesse per∣adventure there bee a great plenitude, or else the disease complicate with other, as with a pleurifie, inflammation of the eyes, or a squinancie which require it, lest the motion of nature should be disturbed; but you shal think it sufficient to loose the bel∣ly with a gentle glyster: but when the height of the disease is over, and in the de∣clension thereof. you may with Cassia or some stronger medicine evacuate part of the humours and the reliques of the disease. But in the state and increase it is better to use sudorificks, which by attenuating the humours and relaxing the pores of the skin may drive the cause of the disease from the center to the circumference, which otherwise residing in the body might bee a cause of death; as I and Richard Hubert * 1.9 observed in two maides, whereof one was foure, and the other seventeene years old; for we dissecting them both being dead, found their entrailes covered with scabby or crusted pustles, like those that break forth upon the skin. We must not think that ableeding at nose at the beginning of the disease, or in the first foure or five dayes should carry away the matter and originall of the disease, for neverthelesse the pocks will come forth; but for that this is a true and naturall crissis of this disease, as that which is carryed to the surface and circumference of the body, such bleeding must not be stopped, unlesse you feare it will cause downing. The matter shall bee drawne out with a decoction of figs, husked lentils, citron seeds, the seeds of fennell, parsly, * 1.10 smallage, roots of grasse, raisons and dates. For such a decoction, certainly if it have power to cause sweat, hath also a faculty to send forth unto the skin the morbificke humour; the seeds of fennell and the like opening things relaxe and open the pores of the skin; figges lenifie the acrimonie of the matter, and gently cleanse, the lentils keepe the jawes and throate, and all the inward parts from pustles, and hinder a fluxe by reason of their moderate astriction, but having their huskes on, they would bind more than is required in the disease; dates are thought to comfort the stomack, and citron seeds to defend the heart from malignity, liquerice to smooth the throat, and hinder hoarsnesse and cause sweat. But these things shall be given long after meat, for * 1.11 it is not fit to sweat presently after meat; some there bee who would have the child wrapped in linnen clothes steeped in this decoction being hot, and afterwards hard wrung forth. Yet I had rather to use bladders or spunges, or hot bricks for the same purpose; certainly a decoction of millet, figges and raisons, with some sugar, causeth sweat powerfully. Neither is it amisse whilest the patient is covered in all other parts of his body, and sweats, to fan his face, for thus the native heat is kept in & so streng∣thened, and fainting hindred, and a greater excretion of excrementitious humours caused. To which purpose you may also put now and then to the patients nose a no∣dulus made with a little vinegar & water of roses, camphire, the powder of sanders, and other odoriferous things which have cooling faculty, this also will keepe the nose from pustles.

CHAP. III. What parts must be armed against, and preserved from the Pocks.

THe eyes, nose, throte, lungs, and inward parts ought to be kept freer from the eruption of pustles than the other parts; for that their nature and con∣sistence is more obnoxious to the malignity of this virulency, and they are easilyer corrupted and blemished. Therefore lest the eyes should be * 1.12 hurt, you must defend them when you first begin to suspect the disease, with the eye-lids, also moistening them with rose-water, verjuice or vinegar, and a little Cam∣phire. There are some also who for this purpose make a decoction of Sumach, ber∣bery-seeds, pomgranate pills, aloe, sand a little faffron; the juice of sowre pomgra∣nates, and the water of the whites of egges dropped in with rose-water, are good for the same purpose; also womans milke mixed with rose-water and often re∣newed, and lastly, all such things as have a repercussive quality. Yet if the eyes * 1.13 bee much swolne and red, you shall not use repercussives alone, but mixe there∣with discussers and cleansers, such as are fit by a familiarity of nature to strengthen the sight; and let these bee tempered with some fennell or eye-bright water. Then the patient shall not looke upon the light or red things for feare of paine and inflam∣mation; wherefore in the state of the disease when the pain and inflammation of the eyes are at their height, gently drying and discussive things properly conducing to the eyes are most convenient, as washed aloes, tuttye and Antimonie in the water of fennell, eye bright and roses. The formerly mentioned nodulus will preserve the * 1.14 nose, and linnen clothes dipped in the fore-said astringent decoction, put into the nosthrils and outwardly applyed. We shall defend the jawes, throate and throttle, * 1.15 and preserve the integrity of the voice by a gargle of oxycrate, or the juice of sowre pomgranates, holding also the grains of them in their mouths, & often rouling them up & down therein, as also by nodula's of the seeds of psilium, quinces & the like cold & astringent things. We must provide for the lungs & respiration by syrupes of ju∣jubes, * 1.16 violets, roses, white poppyes, pomgranats, water-lillies, and the like. Now when as the pocks are throughly come forth, then may you permit the patient to use somewhat a freer dier, and you must wholly busie your selfe in ripening and evacua∣ting the matter, drying and scailing them. But for the meazels, they are cured by re∣solution onely, and not by suppuration; the pocks may bee ripened by annoynting them with fresh butter, by fomenting them with a decoction of the roots of mal∣lowes, lillies, figs, line-seeds and the like. After they are ripe, they shall have their * 1.17 heads clipped off with a paire of sizzers, or else bee opened with a golden or silver needle, lest the matter conteined in them, should corrode the flesh that lyes thereun∣der, and after the cure, leave the prints or pockholes behinde it, which would cause some deformity; the pus, or matter being evacuated, they shall be dryed up with un∣guent. rosat. adding thereto cerusse, litharge, aloes and a little saffron in powder; for these have not onely a faculty to dry, but also to regenerate flesh; for the same pur∣pose the floure of barly and lupines are dissolved or mixed with rose-water, and the affected parts annoynted therewith with a fine linnen ragge; some annoint them with the swathe of bacon boiled in water and wine, then presently strow upon them the floure of barly or lupines, or both of them. Others mixe crude hony newly taken from the combe, with barly floure, and therewithall annoint the pustles so to dry them; being dryed up like a scurfe or scab, they annoint them with oyle of roses, violets, almonds, or else with some creame, that they may the sooner fall a∣way, the pustles being broken; tedious itchings sollicite the patients to scratch, whence happens excoriation and filthy ulcers, for scratching is the occasion of grea∣ter attraction. Wherfore you shall bind the sick childs hands, and foment the itching parts with a decoction of marsh mallowes, barly and lupines, with the addition of some salt. But if it bee already excoriated, then shall you heale it with unguent. al∣bumcamphorat. adding thereto a little powder of Aloes or Cinnabaris, or a little desic∣cativum rubrum. But if notwithstnding all your application of repelling medicines, * 1.18

pustles neverthelesse break forth at the eyes, then must they be diligently cured with all manner of Collyria, having a care that the inflammation of that part grow not to that bignes, as to break the eies, & that which somtimes happens to drive them forth of their proper orbes. If any crusty ulcers arise in the nosthrils, they may be dryed and caused to fall away by putting up of oyntments. Such as arise in the mouth, pa∣late * 1.19 and throat, with hoarsenesse and difficulty of swallowing, may be helped by gar∣garismes made with barly water, the waters of plantaine and chervill, with some sy∣rupe of red roses, or Diamoron dissolved therein; the patient shall hold in his mouth sugar of roses or the tablets of Elect. diatragacanth. frigid. The Pock-arres left in * 1.20 the face, if they bunch out undecently, shall be clipped away with a paire of sizzers, and then annointed. with fresh unguent. citrin. or else with this liniment. ℞. amyli triticei, & amygdalarum excorticatarum, an. ʒiss. gum. tragacanth. ʒss. seminis melonum, fabarum siccarum excorticat. farinae hordei, an. ℥iiii. Let them all bee made into fine powder, and then incorporated with rose-water, and so make a liniment, wherewith anoynt the face with a feather; let it bee wiped away in the morning, washing the face with some water and wheat bran; hereto also conduceth lac virginale; Goose, ducks and Capons grease are good to smooth the roughnesse of the skin, as also oile of lillies; hares bloud of one newly killed and hot is good to fill and plaine, as also whiten the Pock-holes, if they bee often rubbed therewith. In stead here of many use the swathe of Bacon rubbed warme thereon; also the distilled waters of beane flowers, lilly roots, reed-roots, egge-shels, and oile of egs are thought very prevalent to waste and smoothe the Pock-arres.

A Discourse of certaine monstrous creatures which breed against nature in the bodies of men, women, and little children, which may serve as an induction to the ensuing discourse of worms.

As in the macrocosmos or bigger world, so in the microcosmos or lesser world there * 1.21 are winds, thunders, earthquakes, showres, inundations of waters, sterilities, fertili∣ties, stones, mountaines and sundry sorts of fruits and creatures thence arise. For who can deny but that there is winde conteined shut up in Flatulent abscesses, and in the guts of those that are troubled with the cholicke? Flatulencies make so great a noyse in divers womens bellies, if so be you stand neare them, that you would think you heard a great number of frogs croaking on the night time: That water is con∣tained * 1.22 in watery abseesses, and the belly of such as have the dropsie, is manifested by that cure which is performed by the letting forth of the water; in fits of Agues the whole body is no otherwise shaken and trembles, than the earth when it is heard to bellow, and felt to shake under our feet. He which shall see the stones which are ta¦ken * 1.23 out of the bladder, & come from the kidnies and divers other parts of the bodie, cannot deny but that stones are generated in our bodies. Furthermore wee see both * 1.24 men & women who in their face, or some other parts, shew the impression, or imprin∣ted figure of a cherry, plumb, service, fig, mulberry & the like fruit; the cause hereof is thought to be the power of the imagination concurring with the formative faculty, and the tendernesse of the yeelding and waxe-like embxyon, easie to be brought into any forme or figure by reason of the proper and native humidity. For you shall find that all their mothers whilest they went with them have earnestly desired or longed for such things, which, whilest they have too earnestly agitated in their mindes, they have trans-ferred the shape unto the childe, whilest that they could not enjoy the things themselves. Now who can deny but that bunches on the backe, and large wens resemble mountaines? Who can gainsay, but that squalide sterility may bee assimulated to the hectick dryness of wasted and consumed persons? and fertility de∣ciphered by the body distended with much flesh and fat, so that the legs can scarce stand under the burden of the belly? But that divers creatures are generated in one creature, that is, in man, and that in sundry parts of him; the following histories shall make it evident.

Hollerius tels that a certaine Italian by frequent smelling to the herbe Basill had a * 1.25 Scorpion bred in his braine, which caused long and vehement paine, and at length

death; therefore I have here exprest the figure of that Scorpion found when as his braine was opened.

[illustration]

The figure of a Scorpion.

It makes Hollerius conjecture of the cause and originall of this Scorpion, probable for that Chrysippus, Dyophanes and Pliny write, that of basill beaten betweene two stones, and laid in the sun, therewill come Scorpions.

Fernelius writes that in a certaine souldier, who was flat nosed, upon the too long restraint or stoppage of a certaine filthy matter that flowed out of the nose, that there * 1.26 were generated two hairy wormes of the bignesse of ones finger, which at length made him mad, he had no manifest feaver, and he died about the twentieth day: this was their shape, by as much as we can gather by Fernelius his words.

[illustration]

The effigies of the wormes mentioned by Fernelius.

Lewes Duret a man of great learning and credit, told mee that hee had come forth with his urine, after a long and difficult disease, a quick creature, of colour red, but o∣therwise * 1.27 like in shape a Millepes, that is, a Cheslope, or Hog-louce.

[illustration]

The shape of a Millepes cast forth by urine.

Count Charles of Mansfieldt, last summer troubled with a grievous and continuall feaver, in the duke of Guises place cast forth a filthy matter at his yard, in the shape * 1.28 of a live thing almost just in this forme.

[illustration]

The shape of a thing cast forth by urine.

Monstrous creatures also of sundry formes are also generated in the wombes of * 1.29 women; somewiles alone, otherwhiles with a mola, and sometimes with a child na∣turally and well made, as frogs, toads, serpents, lizzards: which therefore the An∣cients have turmed the Lumbards brethren, for that it was usuall with their women, that together with their naturall and perfect issue they brought into the world wormes, serpents, and monstrous creatures of that kinde generated in their wombes, for that they alwaies more respected the deckling of their bodies, than they did their diet. For it happened whilest they fed on fruits, weeds and trash, and such things as were of ill juice, they generated a putride matter, or certainely very subject to pu∣trefaction and corruption, and consequently opportune to generate such unper∣fect * 1.30 creatures. Joubertus telleth that there were two Italian women, that in one moneth brought forth each of them a monstrous birth; the one that marryed a Tailor, brought forth a thing so little, that is resembled a Rat without a taile; but the other a Gentlewoman, brought forth a larger, for it was of the bignesse of a Cat; both of them were black, and as soone as they came out of the wombe, they ran up high on the wall, and held fast thereon with their nailes. Licosthenes writes that in Anno Dom. 1494. a woman at Cracovia, in the streete which taketh name from the holy Ghost, was delivered of a dead child, who had a serpen fastned upon his back, which fed upon this dead child, as you perceive by this following figure.

[illustration]

The figure of a serpent fastned to a child.

Levinus Lemnius. tels a very strange history to this purpose. Some few yeares a∣gone * 1.31 (saith he) a certaine woman of the Isle in Flanders, which being with child by a Sailer, her belly swelled up so speedily, that it seemed shee would not bee able to carry her burden to the terme prescribed by nature; her ninth moneth being ended, she calls a midwife, and presently after strong throwes and paines, shee first brought forth a deformed lumpe of flesh, having as it were two handles on the sides, stretch∣ed forth to the length and manner of armes, and it moved and panted with a certain vitall motion, after the manner of spunges and sea-nettles; but afterwards there came forth of her wombe a monster with a crooked nose, a long and round necke, terrible eies, a sharpe taile, and wonderfull quick of the feet, it was shaped much after this manner.

[illustration]

The shape of a monster that came forth of a womans wombe.

As soone as it came into the light it filled the whole roome with a noise and his∣sing, running to every side to finde out a lurking hole wherein to hide its head, but the women which were present, with a joynt consent fell upon it, and smothered it with cushions, at length the poore woman wearied with long travell, was delivered of a boy, but so evilly entreated and handled by this monster, that it died as soone as it was christened.

Cornelius Gemma a Physician of Lovaine, telleth that there were many very mon∣strous * 1.32 and strange things cast forth both upwards and downewards out of the belly of a certaine maid of Lovaine, of the age of fifteene yeares. Amongst the rest, she cast forth at her fundament, together with her excrements, a living creature some foot and halfe long, thicker than ones thumbe, very like an eele, but that it had a ve∣ry hairy taile; I have here given you the figure of the monster as it was expressed by him.

[illustration]

The figure of a monster that came forth of a maides belly.

Master Peter Barque and Claude le Grand, Surgeons of Verdun, lately affirmed to * 1.33 mee that they cured the wife of a certaine Citizen of Verdun, which out of an Ab∣scesse broken in the belly, cast forth a great number of wormes, together with the quitture, and these were of the thicknesse of ones finger, with sharpe heads, which so gnawed her guts, that the excrements for a long time came forth at the ulcer, but now she is perfectly recovered.

Anthony Benenius a Physician of Florence telleth that one John Menusierus •…•…an * 1.34 of fourty yeares of age, troubled with continuall paines at his stomacke, was 〈◊〉〈◊〉 at the point of death, neither found he any helpe by the counsels of many Physicians which hee used. At length comming to have his advice, hee gave him a vomit, by meanes whereof hee cast up a great quantity of corrupt and putride matter, yet was hee not thereby eased of his paine. Therefore he gave him another vomit, by force whereof he cast up much matter like to the former, and together therewith a worme of foure fingers long, having a red round head, of the bignesse of a great pease, co∣vered over the body with a soft downinesse, with a worked taile, in manner of an halfe moone, going upon foure feet, two before, and two behind.

[illustration]

The figure of a worke cast forth by vomit.

Why should I mention the prodigious bodies which are found in Abscesses, as * 1.35 stones, chalke, sand, coales, snaile-shels, strawes, hay, hornes, haires, and many kinds of living and dead creatures? For there is nothing in the generation of these things (caused by corruption, preceded by much alteration) which may make us admire, or hold us in suspence, especially if we shall consider that nature, the fruitfull parent of all things, hath put divers portions and particles of the universall matter whereof the greater world is composed into this microcosmos, or little world, man; where∣by he might the rather seem to be made to the resemblance and form of the greater. Wherefore it so desports it selfe here, that it may counterfeit and resemble all the actions and motions which it useth to performe in the scene of the greater world, in this little one, if so be that matter be not wanting.

CHAP. IIII. Of the wormes which use to breed in the guts.

A Grosse, viscide and crude humour is the materiall cause of wormes, which * 1.36 having got the beginning of corruption in the stomacke, is quickly carri∣ed into the guts,, and there it putrefies, having not acquired the forme of laudible Chylus in the first concoction. This, for that it is viscide, tenaci∣ously adheres to the guts, neither is it easily evacuated with the other excrements; therfore by delay it further putrefies, & by the efficacy of heat, it turns into the mat∣ter and nourishment for wormes. This alimentary humour being consumed, unlesse some fresh supply the want thereof, which may ease their hunger, they move them∣selves * 1.37 in the guts with great violence, they cause grievous and great paines, yea, and oft-times they creep up to the stomack, and so come forth by the mouth, and some∣times they ascend into the holes of the palate, and come forth at the nose. Wormes are of three sorts; for some are round & long, others broad and long, others short & slender. The first are called by the Ancients, Teretes, that is, round; for that they are * 1.38 long and round. The second are named Teniae, for that their bodies are long & broad like a rowler or swathe. The third are termed Ascarides, for that they commonly wrap themselves up round. Other differences of wormes are taken from their colours, as red, white, black, ash-coloured, yellowish. Some also are hairy, with a great head like the little fish which the French call Chabot, we, a Millers-thumbe; in some diseases many wormes are generated and cast forth by fundament, as small as haires, and usually of colour white, and these are they which are called Ascarides. The diversity of colours in wormes proceedeth not from the like distinct diversity of humours whereof they are generated. For the melancholicke and cholericke humour by their qualities are wholly unfit to generate wormes. But this manifold variety in colour, is by reason of the different corruption of the chylous or phlegmaticke humour whereof they are bred. The long and broad wormes are oftentimes stretched a∣longst all the guts, being like to a mucous or albuminous substance, and verily I * 1.39 saw one voided by a woman, which was like to a serpent, and some sixe foote long; which ought not to seeme strange, seeing it is noted by the Ancients, that they have s•…•… wormes so long, as the length of the whole guts, that is, seven times the

length of ones body. Wicrus writes that he saw a country man who voided a worme eight foot and one inch long, in head and mouth resembling a Ducke, which there∣fore * 1.40 I have thought good here to expresse.

[illustration]

The figure of a worme, generated in, and cast forth of the Guts.

Valeriola affirmeth that he saw a worme above nine foote long. Now as wormes differ in shape, so are their places of generation also different. For the round and * 1.41 long wormes are commonly generated in the smaller guts, the rest in the greater, but especially the Ascarides: none breede in the stomacke, as that which is the place of the first concoction. There truely the matter which breedeth these wormes, gets the * 1.42 first rudiment of corruption, but comes to perfection onely in the guts; they breed in some infants in their mothers bellies, by the pravity and corrupt nature of the hu∣mour flowing from the mother for the nourishment of the childe, which for that then they doe not expell it by siege, it by delay putrefieth the more, and yeeldes fit matter for the breeding of wormes, as some have observed out of Hippocrates. Lastly, wormes breed in people of any age that are Belly-Gods and given to glutto∣ny, * 1.43 as also in such as feed upon meats of ill juice, and apt to corrupt, as crude summer fruits, cheese, and milke-meates. But to know in what part of the Guts the wormes doe lurk, you must note, that when they are in the small guts, the patients complain * 1.44 of a paine in their stomacke, with a dogge-like appetite, whereby they require many and severall things without reason, a great part of the nourishment being consumed by the wormes lying there; they are also subject to often fainting, by reason of the sympathy which the stomacke, being a part of most exquisite sense, hath with the heart, the nose itches, the breath stinkes, by reason of the exhalations sent up from the meat corrupting in the stomacke; through which occasion they are also given to sleep, but are now and then waked therefrom by suddaine startings and feares; they are held with a continued and slow feaver, a dry cough, a winking with their eielids, and often changing of the colour of their faces. But long and broad wormes, being the innates of the greater guts, shew themselves by stooles replenished with many * 1.45 sloughes, here and there resembling the seedes of a Musk-melon or cucumber. Asca∣rides are knowne by the itching they cause in the fundament, causing a sense as if it were Ants running up and downe; causing also a tenesmus, and falling downe of the fundament. This is the cause of all these symptomes; their sleepe is turbulent and often clamorous, when as hot, acride and subtle vapors, raised by the wormes from the like humor and their foode, are sent up to the head; but sound sleep by the con∣trary, as when a misty vapour is sent up from a grosse and cold matter. They dream they eate in their sleepe, for that while the wormes doe more greedily consume the chylous matter in the guts, they stirre up the sense of the like action in the phantasie. They grate or gnash their teeth by reason of a certaine convulsisick repletion, the muscles of the temples and jawes being distended by plenty of vapours. A dry cough comes by the consent of the vitall parts serving for respiration, which the naturall, to wit, the Diaphragma or midriffe, smit upon by acride vapoures, and irritated as though there were some humour to bee expelled by coughing. These same acride

fumes assailing the orifice of the ventricle, cause either a hicketting, or else a fainting, according to the condition of their consistence, grosse or thin; these carryed up to the parts of the face cause an itching of the nose, a darkenesse of the fight, and a sud∣daine changing of the colour in the cheeks. Great wormes are worse than little ones, red than white, living than dead, many than few, variegated than those of one col∣lour, * 1.46 as those which are signes of a greater corruption. Such as are cast forth bloo∣dy and sprinkled with blood, are deadly, for they shew that the substance of the guts is eaten asunder; for oft-times they corrode and perforate the body of the gut wherein they are conteined, and thence penetrare into divers parts of the belly, so that they have come forth sometimes at the Navell, having eaten themselves a pas∣sage forth, as Hollerius affirmeth. When as children troubled with the wormes draw their breath with difficulty, and wake moist over all their bodies, it is a signe that death is at hand. If at the beginning of sharpe feavers, round wormes come forth a∣live, it is a signe of a pestilent feaver, the malignity of whose matter they could not endure, but were forced to come forth. But if they be cast forth dead, they are signes of greater corruption in the humours, and of a more venenate malignity.

CHAP. V. What cure to bee used for the Wormes.

IN this disease there is but one indication, that is, the exclusion or * 1.47 casting out of the wormes, either alive or dead, forth of the bo∣dy, as being such that in their whole kinde are against nature; all things must bee shunned which are apt to heap up putrefaction in the body by their corruption, such as are crude fruits, cheese, milke-meats, fishes, and lastly such things as are of a difficult and hard digestion, but prone to corruption. Pappe is fit for children, for that they require moist things, but these ought to answer in a certaine similitude to the consistence and thicknesse of milke, that so they may the more easily be con∣cocted & assimulated, & such only is that pap which is made with wheat flower, not crude, but baked in an oven, that the pappe made therewith may not be too viscide nor thicke, if it should onely bee boyled in a panne as much as the milke would re∣quire; or else the milke would bee too terrestriall, or too waterish, all the fatty por∣tion thereof being resolved, the cheesy and whayish portion remaining, if it should boile so much as were necessary for the full boiling of the crude meate; they which use meale otherwise in pappe yeild matter for the generating of grosse and viscide humours in the stomacke, whence happens obstruction in the first veines and sub∣stance of the liver, by obstruction wormes breede in the guts, and the stone in the kidneyes and bladder. The patient must be fed often, and with meates of good juice, lest the worms through want of nourishment, should gnaw the substance of the guts. Now when as such things breed of a putride matter, the patient shall be purged, and the putrefaction represt by medicines mentioned in our treatise of the plague. For the quick killing and casting of them forth, syrupe of Succory, or of lemmons with * 1.48 rubarbe, a little Treacle, or Mithridate, is a singular medicine, if there be no feaver; you may also for the same purpose use this following medicine. ℞. cornu cervi, pul. rasur. eboris, an. ʒ i ss. sem. tanacet. & contra verm. an. ʒ i. fiat decoctio pro parva dofi, in colatur a infunde rhei optimi, ʒ i. cinam. ℈ i. dissolve syrupi de absinthio ℥ ss. make a po∣tion, give it in the morning three houres before any broath. Oyle of Olives drunke, kills wormes, as also water of knot-grasse drunke with milke, and in like manner all bitter things. Yet I could first wish them to give a glyster made of milke, hony and sugar, without oyles and bitter things, lest shunning thereof, they leave the lower guts, and come upwards, for this is naturall to wormes, to shunne bitter things, and follow sweet things. Whence you may learne, that to the bitter things which you give by the mouth, you must alwaies mixe sweet things, that allured by the sweet∣nesse, they may devour them more greedily, that so they may kill them. Therefore I

would with milke and Sugar, mixe the seeds of centaury, rue, wormewood, aloes, and the like: harts-horne is very effectuall against wormes, wherefore you may in∣fuse * 1.49 the shavings thereof in the water or drinke that the patient drinkes, as also to boile some thereof in his brothes. So also treacle drunke or taken in broth, killeth the wormes; purslaine boiled in brothes, and destilled and drunke, is also good a∣gainst the worms, as also succory and mints, also a decoction of the lesser house-leek and sebestens given with sugar before meate; it is no lesse effectuall to put worme∣seeds in their pap, and in roasted apples, and so to give them it. Also you may make suppositories after this manner, and put them up into the fundament. ℞. coralli sub∣albi, rasurae eboris, cornu cerviusti, ireos an. ℈ ii. mellis albi ℥ ii ss. aquae centi••odiae q. s. * 1.50 adomnia concorporanda, fiant Glandes: let one be put up every day, of the weight of ʒ ii. for children; these suppositories are chiefly to bee used for Ascarides, as those which adhere to the right gut. To such children as can take nothing by the mouth, you shall apply cataplasmes to their navells made of the pouder of cummin seeds, the floure of lupines, worme-wood, southerne wood, tansie, the leaves of Artichokes, rue, the pouder of coloquintida, citron seeds, aloes, arsemart, horse mint, peach leaves, Costus amarus, Zedoaria, sope and oxegall. Such cataplasmes are oft times spred over all the belly, mixing therewith astringent things for the strengthening of the part, as oile of myrtles, Quinces and mastich; you may also apply a great onion hollowed in the midst, and filled with Aloes and Treacle, and so roasted in the embers, then beaten with bitter almonds, and an oxe gall. Also you may make emplasters of bit∣ter things, as this which followes. ℞. fellis bubuli, & sucei absinthii, an.. ℥ ii. colocyn. ℥ i. terantur & misceantur simul, incorporentur cum farina lupinorum: make hereof an * 1.51 emplaster to be laid upon the Navell.

Liniments and ointments may bee also made for the same purpose to anoint the belly, you may also make plasters for the navell of Pillulae Ruff. anointing in the meane time the fundament with hony and sugar, that they may bee chafed from a∣bove with bitter things, and allured downewards with sweete things. Or else take wormes that have beene cast forth, dry them in an iron pan over the fire, then pou∣der them, and give them with wine or some other liquor to bee drunke, for so they are thought quickly to kill the rest of the wormes. Hereto also conduceth the juice of citrons, drunke with the oile of bitter almonds, or sallade oile. Also some make bathes against this affect of wormewood, galls, peach leaves boiled in water, and then bathe the childe therein.

But in curing the wormes, you must observe that this disease is oft times entan∣gled with another more grievous disease, as an acute and burning feaver, a fluxe or * 1.52 scouring, and the like, in which (as for example sake) a feaver being present and con∣joyned therewith, if you shall give wormseeds, old Treacle, myrrhe, aloes, you shall encrease the feaver and fluxe, for that bitter things are very contrary to the cure of these affects. But if, on the contrary, in a fluxe whereby the wormes are excluded, you shall give corrall, and the floure of Lentiles, you shall augment the feaver, ma∣king the matter more contumacious by dry and astringent things. Therefore the Physician shall be carefull in considering whether the feaver bee a symptome of the * 1.53 wormes, or on the contrary it bee essentiall, and not symptomaticke, that this being knowne, hee may principally insist in the use of such medicines as resist both affects, as purging and bitterish in a feaver and wormes, but bitter and somewhat astrictive things in the wormes and fluxe.

CHAP. VI. A short description of the Elephantiasis or Leprosie, and of the causes thereof.

THis disease is termed Elephantiasis because the skinne of such as are trou∣bled therewith, is rough, scabious, wrinckled and unequall, like the skin of an Elephant. Yet this name may seem to be imposed thereon by rea∣son of the greatnesse of the disease. Some from the opinion of the Ara∣bians have termed it Lepra or Leprosie (but unproperly, for the Lepra is a kinde of Scab and disease of the skinne, which is vulgarly called Malum sancti manis) which word for the present we will use, as that which prevailes by custome and antiquity. Now the Leprosie (according to Paulus) is a Cancer of the whole body, the which (as Avicen addes) corrupts the complexion, forme and figure of the members. Ga∣len thinkes the cause ariseth from the errour of the sanguifying faculty, through * 1.54 whose default the assimulation in the flesh and habite of the body is depraved, and much changed from it selfe, and the rule of nature. But ad Glauconem, hee defines this disease, An effusion of troubled or grosse blood into the veines and habit of the whole body. This disease is judged great, for that it partakes of a certaine venenate virulency, depraving the members and comelinesse of the whole body. Now it ap∣peares that the Leprosie partakes of a certaine venenate virulency by this, that such * 1.55 as are melancholicke in the whole habit of their bodies, are not leprous. Now this disease is composed of three differences of diseases. First it consists of a distemper a∣gainst nature, as that which at the beginning is hot and dry, and at length the ebulli∣tion of the humours ceasing, and the heat dispersed, it becomes cold and dry, which is the conjunct cause of this symptome. Also it consists of an evill composition or conformation, for that it depraves the figure and beauty of the parts. Also it consists of a solution of continuity, when as the flesh and skin are cleft in divers parts with ul∣cers and chops: the leprosie hath for the most part 3. generall causes, that is, the primi∣tive, antecedent, & conjunct the primitive cause is either from the first conformation, or comes to them after they are born. It is thought to be in him from the first confor∣mation, * 1.56 who was conceived of depraved & corrupt menstruous blood, & such as en∣clined to melancholly; who was begot of the leprous seed of one or both his parents, for leprous persons generate leprous, because the principall parts being tainted and corrupted with a melancholy and venenate juice, it must necessarily follow that the whole masse of blood and seed that falls from it, and the whole body should also be vitiated. This cause happens to those that are already born, by long staying & inha∣biting in maritime countries, whereas the grosse and misty aire, in successe of time, induceth the like fault into the humours of the body; for that, according to Hippocra∣tes, such as the aire is, such is the spirit, and such the humours. Also long abiding in very hot places, because the blood is torrified by heate, but in cold places, for that they incrassate, and congealing the spirits, doe after a manner stupefie, may bee thought the primitive causes of this disease. Thus in some places of Germany there are divers leprous persons, but they are more frequent in Spaine and overall Africa, then in all the world beside, and in Languedoc, Provence and Guyenne, are more than in whole France besides. Familiarity, copulation, and cohabitation with leprous persons, may be reckoned amongst the causes thereof, because they transferre this disease to their familiars by their breath, sweat and spittle left on the edges of the pots or cuppes. This disease is also caused by the too frequent use of salt, spiced, acride and grosse meates, as the flesh of Swine, Asses, Beares, Pulse, milke-meats; so also grosse and strong wines, drunkenness, gluttony, a laborious life, full of sorrow and cares, for that they incraslate, and as it were burne the blood. But the retention of melancholy excrements, as the suppression of the haemorrhoids, courses, small pockes and meazells, as also a quartashe feaver acoustomed to come at set times; the drying up of old ulcers, for that they defile the masse of the blood with a melan∣choly drosse and filth. Now you must understand that the cause of the leprofic by the retention of the superfluities, happens because the corrupt blood is not evacua∣ted,

but regurgitates over the whole body, and corrupts the blood that should nou∣rish all the members; wherefore the assimulative faculty cannot well assimulate by reason of the corruption and default of the juice, and thus in conclusion the Lepro∣sie is caused. The antecedent causes are the humours disposed to adustion and cor∣ruption into melancholy by the torride heat; for in bodies possessed with such heat, * 1.57 the humours by adustion easily turne into melancholy, which in time acquiring the malignity and corruption of a virulent and venenate quality, yeelds a beginning and essence to the leprosie. The conjunct causes are the melancholy humors which are now partakers of a venenate and maligne quality, and spread over the whole * 1.58 habite of the body, corrupting and destroying it first by a hot and dry distemper, and then by a cold and dry, contrary to the beginnings of life. For hence inevita∣ble death must ensue, because our life consists in the moderation of heate and moisture.

CHAP. VII. The signes of a Leprosie, breeding, present, and already confirmed.

THe disposition of the body and humors to a Leprosie is shewed by the change of the native and fresh colour of the face, by that affect of the face, which is commonly called Gutta rosacea, red & blackish suffusions and pustles, the falling away of the haires, a great thirst, and a drinesse of the mouth both by night & day, a stinking breath, little ulcers in the mouth, the change of the voice to hoarsenesse, a desire of venery above nature and custome. Now there are foure times of this disease, the beginning, encrease, state and declension. The beginning is when as the malignity hath not yet gone further than the inner parts and bowells, * 1.59 wherupon the strength must needs be more languid. The encrease is when as the vi∣rulency comes forth, & the signs & symptoms are every day encreased in number & * 1.60 strength. The state is when as the members are exulcerated. The declension is, when as the aspect of the face is horride, the extreme parts fall away by the profundity * 1.61 and malignity of the ulcers, so that none, no not of the common sort of people, can doubt of the disease. According to the doctrine of the Antients, wee must in sear∣ching out of the signes of this disease being present, have chiefe regard to the head. For the signes of diseases more properly and truely shew themselves in the face, by reason of the softnesse and rarity of the substance therof, and the tenuity of the skin that covers it; wherefore a blacke and adust humour diffused thereunder, easily shewes it selfe, and that not onely by the mutation of the colour, but also of the Ca∣racter and bulke, and oft times by manifest hunting it. Wherefore you must observe in the head whether it have scaules, and whether in the place of those haires that are fallen away, others more tender, short and rare grow up, which is likely to happen through defect of fit nourishment to preserve and generate haires, through corrupti∣on of the hairy scalpe that should be stored with such nourishment, and of the habit it selfe, and through the unfitnesse thereof to containe haires; lastly by the acrimo∣ny of the vapoures sent up from the adust humours and entrailes, fretting asunder the rootes of the haires. But if not onely the haire, but also some portion of the skin * 1.62 and flesh about the rootes of the haire, come away by pulling, it is an argument of perfect corruption: let this therefore be the first sign of a leprosie. A second & ve∣ry certain signe is, a numerous & manifest circumscription of round and hard pushes * 1.63 or pustles under the eie-browes, & behind the eares and in severall places of the face, resembling round and hard kernells, occasioned by the default of the assimulating faculty. The cause of this default is the grossenesse of the flowing nourishment, by which meanes it being impact, and stopping in the straitnesse of the way, it growes round at it were compassed about in the place whereas it sticks, and by the means of the crudity, for that it is not assimulated, and by delay, it is further hardned. The

third signe is, the more contract and exact roundnesse of the eares, their grossenesse, and as it were grainy spissitude or densenesse, the cause of their roundness is the con∣sumption of the flaps & fleshy part through want of nourishment, and excess of heat; but the occasion of their grainy spissitude is the grosnesse of the earthy nourishment flowing thither. The fourth sign is a lion-like wrinkling of the forehead, which is the * 1.64 reason that some terme this disease morbus leoninus; the cause hereof is the great dri∣nesse of the habit of the body, which also is the reason that the barke of an old oak is rough and wrinkled. The fifth is, the exact roundnesse of the eyes, and their fixt and * 1.65 immoveable steddinesse; verily the eyes are naturally almost round, yet they appeare obtuse and somewhat broad on the foreside, but end in a Conus on the hind part, by reason of the concourse and figure of the muscles and fat investing them. Therefore these being consumed either through defect of laudible nourishment, or else by the acrimonie of the flowing humour, they are restored to their proper figure & round∣ness. Now the muscles which moved the eyes being consumed, and the fat which fa∣cilitated their motion wasted, it comes to passe that they stand stiffe and unmoveable, being destitute of the parts yeelding motion, and the facility thereof. The sixth signe * 1.66 is, the nostrils flat outwardly, but inwardly strait and contracted, that is, an earthy & grosse humour forced from within outwards, which swels the sides or edges of the nostrils; whence it is, that the passages of the nose appear as it were obstructed by the thicknesse of this humour; but they are depressed and flatted by reason of the rest of the face and all the neighbouring parts swoln more than their wont; adde hereto that the partition is consumed by the acrimony of the corroding and ulcerating humour sent thither, which makes them necessarily to be deprest, & send forth bloudy scabs. The seventh, is the lifting up, thicknesse and swelling of the lips, the filthinesse, stinke * 1.67 and corrosion of the gums by acride vapours rising to the mouth; but the lips of Le∣prous persons are more swolne by the internall heat burning and incrassating the hu∣mours, as the outward heat of the Sun doth in the Moores. The eighth signe is the * 1.68 swelling & blacknesse of the tongue, and as it were varicous veins lying under it; be∣cause the tongue, being by nature spongious and rare, is easily stored with excremen∣titious humours, sent from the inner parts unto the habit of the body: which same is the cause why the grandules placed about the tongue above and below, are swolne hard & round, no otherwise than scrophulous or meazled swine. Lastly, all their face riseth in red bunches or pushes, and is over-spread with a duskie and obscure redness; the eies are fiery, fierce and fixed, by a melancholick chachectick disposition of the whole body, manifest signes whereof appeare in the face by reason of the foremen∣tioned causes; yet some leprous persons have their faces tinctured with a yellowish, others with a whitish colour, according to the condition of the humor, which serves for a Basis to the leprous malignity. For hence Physicians affirme that there are three sorts of Leprosies, one of a redish black colour, consisting in a melancholick humour; another of a yellowish greene, in a cholericke humour; another in a whitish yellow, grounded upon adust phlegme. The ninth signe is a stinking of the breath, as also of * 1.69 all the excrements proceeding from leprous bodies, by reason of the malignity con∣ceived in the humours. The tenth is, a hoarsnesse, a shaking, harsh and obscure voyce * 1.70 comming as it were out of the nose, by reason of the lungs, recurrent nerves, and muscles of the throttle tainted with the grossenesse of a virulent and adust humour; the forementioned constriction & obstruction of the inner passage of the nose; and lastly, the asperity and inequality of the weazon by immoderate drynesse, as it hap∣pens to such as have drunk plentifully of strong wines without any mixture. This immoderate drinesse of the muscles serving for respiration makes them to bee trou∣led with a difficulty of breathing. The eleventh signe is very observable, which is a * 1.71 Morphew or defaedation of all the skin, with a dry roughnesse and grainy inequali∣ty, such as appears in the skins of plucked geese, with many tetters on every side, a fil∣thy scab, and ulcers not casting off onely a branlike scurfe, but also scailes and crusts. The cause of this dry scab, is the heat of the burning bowels & humours, unequally contracting and wrinkling the skin, no otherwise than as leather is wrinkled by the heat of the Sun or fire. The cause of the filthy scab & serpiginous ulcers, is the eating and corroding condition of the melancholy humour, and the venenate corruption,

it also being the author of corruption, so that it may be no marvell if the digestive fa∣culty of the liver being spoyled, the assimulative of a maligne and unfit matter sent into the habit of the body cannot well nor fitly performe that which may be for the bodies good. The twelfth is, the sense of a certain pricking, as it were of goads or nee∣dles * 1.72 over all the skin, caused by an acride vapour hindred from passing forth, and intercepted by the thicknesse of the skin. The thirteenth is a consumption and ema∣ciation * 1.73 of the muscles which are betweene the thumbe and fore-finger, not onely by reason that the nourishing and assimulating faculties want fit matter wherewith they may repaire the losse of these parts, for that is common to these with the rest of the body, but because these muscles naturally rise up unto a certaine mountanous tumor, therefore their depression is the more manifest. And this is the cause that the shoul∣ders of leprous persons stand out like wings; to wit, the emaciation of the inner part of the muscle Trapezites. The fourteenth signe is the diminution of sense, or a num∣nesse * 1.74 over all the body by reason that the nerves are obstructed by the thicknesse of the melancholick humour hindring the free passage of the animal spirit, that it cannot come to the parts that should receive sense, these in the interim remaining free which are sent into the muscles for motions sake, and by this note I chiefly make tryall of leprous persons, thrusting a somewhat long and thick needle somewhat deep into the great tendon endued with most exquisite sense, which runs to the heel, which, if they do not well feele, I conclude, that they are certainly leprous. Now, for that they thus lose their sense, their motion remaining entire, the cause hereof is that the nerves which are disseminated to the skin are more affected, and those that run into the mus∣cles are not so much; & therefore when as you prick them somewhat deep, they feel the prick, which they do not in the surface of the skin. The fifteenth is the corruption * 1.75 of the extreme parts possessed by putrefaction and a gangrene, by reason of the corruption of the humours sent thither by the strength of the bowels, infecting with the like tainture the parts wherein they remain: adde hereto that the animal sensitive faculty is there decayed, and as often as any faculty hath forsaken any part, the rest presently after a manner neglect it. The sixteenth is, they are troubled with terrible * 1.76 dreames, for they seeme in their sleep to see divels, serpents, dungeons, graves, dead bodies, and the like, by reason of the black vapours of the melancholie humour troubling the phantasie with black and dismall visions, by which reason also such as are bitten of a mad dog feare the water. The seventeenth is, that at the beginning and * 1.77 in the increase of the disease they are subtle, crafty and furious by reason of the heat of the humours & bloud; but at length in the state and declension they become craf∣ty and suspicious, the heat and burning of the bloud and entrailes decaying by little and little; therefore then fearing all things whereof there is no cause, & distrusting of their owne strength they endeavour by craft, maliciously to circumvent those with whom they deal, for that they perceive their powers to faile them. The eighteenth is, * 1.78 a desire of venery above their nature, both for that they are inwardly burned with a strange heat, as also by the mixture of flatulencies therewith (for whose generation the melancholick humour is most fit) which are agitated, & violently carried through the veins and genitall parts by the preternaturall heat; but at length when this heate is cooled, and that they are fallen into a hot and dry distemper, they mightily abhor venery, which then would bee very hurtfull to them, as it also is at the beginning of the disease, because they have small store of spirits and native heat, both which are dissipated by venery. The nineteenth is, the so great thicknesse of their grosse and li∣vide * 1.79 bloud, that if you wash it, you may finde a sandy matter therein, as some have found by experience, by reason of the great adustion and assation thereof. The twen∣tieth is, the languidnesse & weaknesse of the pulse (by reason of the oppression of the * 1.80 vitall and pulsifick faculty by a cloud of grosse vapours). Herewith also their urine sometimes is thick and troubled, like the urine of carriage beasts, if the urenary vessels be permeable and free; otherwise it is thin, if there be obstruction, which only suffers that which is thin to flow forth by the urenary passages; now the urine is oftentimes of a pale ash-colour, and oft-times it smels like as the other excrements do in this dis∣ease. Verily there are many other signes of the Leprosie, as the slownesse of the belly by reason of the heat of the liver, often belchings by reason that the stomack is trou∣bled

by the refluxe of a melancholy humour, frequent sneesing by reason of the ful∣nesse of the braine; to these, this may be added most frequently, that the face and all the skin is unctuous or greasie, so that water powred thereon, will not in any place ad∣here * 1.81 thereto: I conceive it is by the internall heat dissolving the fat that lies under the skin, which therfore alwaies lookes as if it were greased or anointed therewith in leprous persons. Now of these forementioned signes, some are univocall, that is, which truly and necessarily shew the Leprosie: othersome are equivocall or com∣mon, that is, which conduce as well to the knowledge of other diseases as this. To conclude, that assuredly is a Leprosie which is accompanied with all, or certainely the most part of these forementioned signes.

CHAP. VIII. Of Prognosticks in the Leprosie; and how to provide for such as stand in feare thereof.

THe Leprosie is a disease which passeth to the issue, as contagious almost as * 1.82 the plague, scarce curable at the beginning, uncurable when as it is confir∣med, because it is a Cancer of the whole body; now if some one Cancer of some one part shall take deepe root therein, it is judged uncurable. Fur∣thermore the remedies which to this day have bin found out against this disease, are judged inferiour and unequall in strength thereto. Besides, the signes of this disease doe not outwardly shew themselves before that the bowels be seazed upon, possessed and corrupted by the malignity of the humour, especially in such as have the white Leprosie, sundry of which you may see about Burdeaux, & in little Brittain, who not∣withstanding inwardly burn with so great heat, that it will suddenly wrinkle and wi∣ther an apple held a short while in their hand, as if it had laid for many daies in the Sun. There is another thing that increaseth the difficulty of this disease, which is an equall pravity of the three principall faculties whereby life is preserved. The de∣ceitfull and terrible visions in the sleepe, and numnesse in feeling, argue the depra∣vation of the animall faculty; now the weaknesse of the vitall faculty is shewed by the weaknesse of the pulse, the obscurity of the hoarse and jarring voice, the difficul∣ty of breathing, and stinking breath; the decay of the naturall is manifested by the depravation of the work of the liver in sanguification, whence the first and principall * 1.83 cause of this harme ariseth. Now because wee cannot promise cure to such as have a confirmed Leprosie; and that we dare not do it to such as have been troubled there∣with but for a short space, it remains that we briefly shew how to free such as are rea∣dy to fall into so fearefull a disease. Such therefore must first of all shun all things in diet and course of life whereby the bloud and humours may be too vehemently hea∣ted, * 1.84 whereof we have formerly made some mention. Let them make choice of meats of good or indifferent juice, such as we shall describe in treating of the diet of such as are sick of the plague; purging, bleeding, bathing, cupping, to evacuate the impurity of the bloud, and mitigate the heat of the liver, shall bee prescribed by some learned * 1.85 Physician Valesius de Tarenta much commends gelding in this case, neither do I think it can be disliked. For men subject to this disease may be effeminated by the amputa∣tion of their testicles, and so degenerate into a womanish nature, and the heat of the liver boyling the bloud, being extinguished, they become cold & moist, which tem∣per is directly contrary to the hot & dry distemper of Leprous persons; besides the Leprous being thus deprived of the faculty of generation, that contagion of this dis∣ease is taken away which spreadeth and is diffused amongst mankind by the propa∣gation of their issue.

The End of the Twentieth Booke.

Notes

• * 1.1

  What the small pockes and Meazles are. Their matter.
• * 1.2

  Why the Mea∣zles doe not itch.
• * 1.3

  Prognostickes.
• * 1.4

  A historie.
• * 1.5

  What grievous and pernitious symptomes may happen by the small pockes.
• * 1.6

  The cure.
• * 1.7

  The child must have no pappe.
• * 1.8

  How sound sleepe doth harme in this disease. Of purging, bleeding, and sudorifickes..
• * 1.9

  A history.
• * 1.10

  A sudorificke decoction.
• * 1.11

  When it is best to procure sweat.
• * 1.12

  How to defend the eyes.
• * 1.13

  When the eyes must•…•… be de fended by re∣percussives onely.
• * 1.14

  How to defend the nose.
• * 1.15

  How the mouth
• * 1.16

  How the lungs.
• * 1.17

  How to prevent pock-arres.
• * 1.18

  Remedies for excoriation.
• * 1.19

  For the ulcers of the mouth and jawes.
• * 1.20

  To help the un∣sighrly scars of the face.
• * 1.21

  A comparison between the big∣ger and lesser world. The generation of wind in mans body.
• * 1.22

  Of water.
• * 1.23

  Of stones.
• * 1.24

  Of fruits from the first con∣formation.
• * 1.25

  Lib. de morh. inter cap. I.
• * 1.26

  Lib. 5. de part. morbis cap. 7.
• * 1.27

  A history.
• * 1.28

  A historie.
• * 1.29

  Nicolaus Flor. Gord. lib. 7. c. 18.
• * 1.30

  Lib. error popul.
• * 1.31

  Lib. de occuls. nat. mir. cap. 8.
• * 1.32

  Lib. de divinis natur. charactc∣rismis.
• * 1.33

  A historie.
• * 1.34

  A historie.
• * 1.35

  The efficient & materiall auses of such things as are pretema∣turally genera∣ted in our bo∣dies.
• * 1.36

  How worms are generated.
• * 1.37

  The reason that they sometimes come forth at the mouth.
• * 1.38

  The differences of worms.
• * 1.39

  A history.
• * 1.40

  A history.
• * 1.41

  In observat.
• * 1.42

  In what places of the belly wormes are ge∣nerated.
• * 1.43

  Ad finem lib. 4. de morbis.
• * 1.44

  Signes of wormes in the small guts.
• * 1.45

  Signes of wormes in the great guts. Signes of Asca∣rides.
• * 1.46

  Why wormes of divers co∣loures are more dangerous.
• * 1.47

  The generall indications of curing he wormes.
• * 1.48

  Wherefore, and wherewith such as have the wormes must be purged.
• * 1.49

  Harts-horne good against the wormes.
• * 1.50

  Suppositories against the Ascarides.
• * 1.51

  A plaster a∣gainst the wormes.
• * 1.52

  A caution.
• * 1.53

  A feaver some∣times a symp∣tome and some∣times a disease.
• * 1.54

  Lib. 4. cap. 1. Lib. 2. cap. 11.
• * 1.55

  There is a cer∣taine hidden vi∣rulency in the Leprosie.
• * 1.56

  The primitive cause of a Le∣prosie. How they may be leprous from their first con∣formation.
• * 1.57

  The antece∣dent cause of a Leprosie.
• * 1.58

  The conjunct cause. How it comes to be deadly.
• * 1.59

  The beginning of a Leprosie.
• * 1.60

  The encrease.
• * 1.61

  The state. The declension.
• * 1.62

  The first signe of the Leprosie.
• * 1.63

  II.
• * 1.64

  IIII. Why it is called morbus leoninus.
• * 1.65

  V.
• * 1.66

  VI.
• * 1.67

  VII.
• * 1.68

  VIII.
• * 1.69

  IX.
• * 1.70

  X.
• * 1.71

  XI.
• * 1.72

  XII.
• * 1.73

  XIII.
• * 1.74

  XIIII.
• * 1.75

  XV.
• * 1.76

  XVI.
• * 1.77

  XVII.
• * 1.78

  XVIII.
• * 1.79

  XIX.
• * 1.80

  XX.
• * 1.81

  Why their faces seeme to bee greasie.
• * 1.82

  Why the Le∣prosie is uncu∣rable.
• * 1.83

  The cure.
• * 1.84

  Their diet.
• * 1.85

  Gelding good against the Le∣prosie.