The workes of that famous chirurgion Ambrose Parey translated out of Latine and compared with the French. by Th: Johnson

CHAP. I. Of the nature, causes, and differences of Vlcers.

HAving already handled and treated of the nature, difference, causes, signes and cure of fresh and blood wounds, reason & * 1.1 order seeme to require that we now speake of Vlcers; taking our beginning from the ambiguity of the name. For accor∣ding to Hippocrates, the name of Vlcer most generally taken * 1.2 may signifie all or any solution of Continuity; In which sense it is read, that all paine is an Vlcer. Generally, for a wound and Vlcer properly so called; as appeares by his Booke, de Vlceribus. Properly, as when hee saith, it is a signe of death when an Vlcer is dryed up through an Atrophia, or defect of nourishment. Wee * 1.3 have here determined to speake of an Vlcer in this last and proper signification. And according thereto wee define an Vlcer to bee the solution of Continuity in a soft * 1.4 part, and that not bloody, but ••ordide and unpure, flowing with qui••••ure, Sauies or any such like corruption, associated with one or more affects against nature, which hinder the healing and agglutination thereof; or that we may give you it in fewer words according to Galens opinion; An ulcer is a solution of Continuity, caused by * 1.5 Erosion. The causes of Vlcers are either internall or externall. The internall are through the default of humors peccant in quality rather than in quantity, or else in both, and so making erosion in the skinne and softer parts by their acrimonie and ma∣lignitie; Now these things happen eyther by naughty and irregular diet, or by the ill disposition of the entrailes, sending forth and emptying into the habite of the body this their ill disposure. The externall causes are, the excesse of cold seazing upon any part, especially more remote from the fountaine of heate, whence fol∣lowes paine, * 1.6 whereunto succeeds an attraction of humors and spirits into the part, and the corruption of these so drawne thither by reason of the debility or extincti∣on of the native heate in that part, whence lastly ulceration proceeds. In this num∣ber of externall causes may be ranged, a stroake, contusion, the application of sharpe and acrid medicines, as causticks, burnes; as also impure contagion, as appeares by the virulent vlcers acquired by the filthy copulation or too familiar conversation of such as have the French disease. How many and what the differences of Vlcers are, you may see here described in this following Scheme.

A Table of the differences of Vlcers.

An Vlcer is an impure solution of continuity in a soft part, flow∣ing with filth and matter or other cor∣ruption, whereof there are two chiefe differēces, for one

• Is simple and solitary without complication of any other affect a∣gainst na∣ture and this varies in differences, either
  • Proper which are usually drawne from three things, to wit
    • figur. whence one Vlcer is called
      • Round or circular.
      • Sinuous, and variously spread.
      • Right or oblique.
      • Cornered, as triangular
    • Quantity, & that eyther according to their
      • Length; whence an Vlcer is long, short, in different.
      • Breadth; whence an Vlcer is broad, narrow indifferent.
      • Profundity; whence an Vlcer is deepe, super∣ficiary, indifferent.
    • Equalitie or inequality, which con∣sists,
      • In those differences of dimensions where∣of we last treated, I say in length, breadth and profundity, wherein they are either alike or of the same manner, or else unlike and so of a different manner.
  • Or common and acciden∣tall, & these drawne, either
    • From their time; whence an Vlcer is tear∣med new, old, of short or long cure and ••u∣ration.
    • From their appearance; whence one is called an apparent Vlcer; another a hidden and occult Vlcer.
    • From their manner of generation; as if it be made by a heavy, brusing, cutting, prick∣ing or corroding thing; whence a cut, torne and mixt Vlcer.
    • From their site; whence an Vlcer before, behind, above, below, in the head, taile, or belly of a Muscle.
    • From that part it seazes upon, whence an vlcer in the flesh and skin, or feeding upon the gristles or bones, such as these of the nose, the palate of the mouth, and eares.
    • From other common accidents; whence a Telephian Vlcer; that is, such an Vlcer as Telephus had. A Chironian, which needs the hand and art of Chiron. A Canckrous which resembles a Cancer.
• Is compound and many and various wayes com∣plicated, as
  • With the cause, whence an Vlcer
    • Is Cacochymicke, Catarrhoicke or venenate, that is, with a Cachochymia or Repletion of ill humors, a Catarrhe, or poison cherishes or feeds.
  • With the disease, as from
    • Distemper, whether simple or compound, whence an Vlcer is,
      • Hot.
      • Cold.
      • Day.
      • M•…•…st.
      • Mixt.
    • Swelling or Tumor, whence a
      • Phlegmonous,
      • Erysipelous.
      • Oedematous.
      • Scirrhous,
      • Cancrous
        • Vlcer.
      • Solution of continuitie, or any other discommoditie, whence a rough, callous, fistulous, cavernous, sinuous Vl∣cer, with luxation, facture, &c.
    • With the Symptome, whence, According, eating, painefull, sordid and viru∣lent Vlcer.
    • With the cause and disease,
    • With the cause and Symptome,
      • Examples whereof may be taken from that we have formerly delivered.
    • With the disease and Symptome,
    • With the cause, disease and Symptome.

Notes

• * 1.1

  The diverse acceptions of an Vlcer.
• * 1.2

  Sent. 34. sect. 3. lib. defract.
• * 1.3

  Sect. 1. pr••g.
• * 1.4

  What an Vl∣cer properly is.
• * 1.5

  Lib. de conflict Artis••ap. 6. The internall causes.
• * 1.6

  The externall causes.