The workes of that famous chirurgion Ambrose Parey translated out of Latine and compared with the French. by Th: Johnson

CHAP. XXXIIII. Of the proper parts of the Thigh.

HAving explaned the common parts of the legge in generall; now wee must come to the proper, beginning at the Thigh. The proper parts of the Thigh, are muscles, bones, and ligaments But because the demon∣stration of the muscles is somewhat difficult, if we bee ignorant of the description of the bones from whence they arise, and into which they are inserted; therefore we judge it worth our labour, first to shew the bones, and the dearticula∣tion of these of the Thigh; beginning with these bones which are knit with the up∣per part of the holy-bone. And they are two in number, on each side one, com∣monly called the Ossa Ilium; each of these is composed of three bones, of which one * 1.1 is the upper, another the lower and anteriour, and the third the middle, and after a manner the posteriour. The upper by a particular name is called the Os Ilium, the hanch-bone, and it is the largest and biggest, having a gristlely appendix in the com∣passe thereof, even to the connexion it hath with the other neighbouring bones, whose upper part we terme the right line thereof; but the basis, which is adjoyned to it by Simphysis, we call the lippe or brow therof, because it stands both somewhat out and in, after the manner of the brow. But that which lies betweene the basis and * 1.2 straight line we name the ribbe; this same upper bone hath two hollow superficies, the one internall, the other externall. The connexion thereof by Symphysis, is two-fold, the one with the upper part of the holy-bone; the other with that bone wee called the middle, and after some sort the posteriour; which taking its beginning from the narrower part of the Os Ilium, makes that cavity in which the head of the * 1.3 thigh is received; this cavity the Greekes call Cotyle, the Latines Acetabulum, and it is ended by the side of the hole common to it, and the share-bone; this middle, and in some sort posteriour bone is called properly and particularly the Os Ischij, or huckle-bone, and containes nothing else but the forementioned cavitie, but that on the hinde and lower part thereof, it brings forth a processe, which adjoynes it selfe to the share bone at the lower part of the common hole, in which place it ap∣peares very rough and unequall, and it is called the tuberositie of the huckle-bone, at whose extremity also it brings forth a little head somewhat resembling the processe

of the lowerjaw called Corone. The third bone named Os pubis or the share-bone, * 1.4 flretches it selfe even to the highest part of the pecten, where meeting with the like bone of the other side, it is united to it by Symphysis, after which manner also, all these three bones are united; it is reported, that this bone opens in women in their travell, yet hitherto I can finde no certainety thereof.

[illustration]

The Figure of the Thigh-bone.

A 1, 2. The head of the thigh going into the cup of the hip-bone.

B, 2, A sinus in the head of the thigh, into which is in∣serted a round Ligament.

C 1, 2, The conjunction of the appendix of the thigh with the bone it selfe.

D 1, 2, 3, the necke of the thigh.

E, F, the two lower heads of the thigh.

G, 1, 2, The conjunction of the lower appendix.

H, 1, 12, A sinus betwixt the two heads of the thigh.

K 2, A part of the lower head of the thigh, from whence the first muscle of the foote doth proceede.

L 2, Another part from whence the second and first muscles arise.

M 2, Another part to which the Tendon of the fift muscle of the thigh is in∣fixed.

N 1, 2, A sinus of the out-ward side of the head for the fourth muscle of the legge.

O 2, A sinus of the inside through which the tendons doe passe. P 2, A protuberation at which the said ten∣dons are reflected. Q 2. the upper processe of the thigh, and betwixt Q and D is the sinus. R 1, 2, the union of the processe with the thigh. S S 2, a rough line from the impression of the externall processes. T 1, the anterior impression of the internall processes. e, betwixt T and V another impression higher than the former. V 1, 2, the fourth impression in the toppe of the processe. X 3. Foure X, shew the foure appen∣dices of the thigh. Y 3, Three Y, shew the three heads of the thigh. Z Z 3, Two pro∣cesses of the thigh. a 1, the interior processe of the thigh. b 1, the conjunction of the processe with the thigh. c c 2, a line descending obliquely from the inner pro∣cesse. d d 2, a line running through the length of the thigh. e 2, the largenesse of the thigh in this part. f 1, a roughnesse from which the eight muscle issueth. g, h 5, a knub of the Whirle-bone going into the sinus marked with I, which is betwixt the heads of the thigh. i 5, a sinus sitted for the inner head of the thigh. k 5, a sinus a∣greeing with the externall head of the thigh. l 5, the lower asperity or roughnesse. m 4, the foreside of the pattell or whirle-bone rough and unequall.

You may perceive a manifest separation of these three bones in the Sceleton of a child; for in those who are of more yeares, the gristles which runne betweene these connexions turne into bones.

Now followes the thigh-bone, the biggest of all the bones of the body; it is round, * 1.5 and so bended, that it is gibbous on the exteriour and fore part thereof, that so it might be the safer from externall injuries; but on the hinde and inner part, it is hol∣low or simous, like to the backe of an Asse, whereby the muscles might have a more commodious originall and insertion.

That simous part a little below the midst thereof, is devided into two lines, the one whereof goes to the internall tuberositie, the other to the externall of the lower ap∣pendix of the same thigh. These are chiefely to be observed, because the oblique fibers of the vaste muscles thence take their originall.

Besides, this bone hath two appendices in the ends thereof, as easily appeares in * 1.6 a childs thigh; the upper appendix, makes the round head of the thigh it selfe, which (as every other appendix) seated upon a long necke, is received in the cavitie of the hanch-bone by Enarthrosis; it is staied and fastened there by two sorts of ligaments, of which the one is common, proceeding from the muscles, which descend from a∣bove, about the necke thereof; the other is proper, which is twofold, that is, one membranous and broad, proceeding from the whole cavity of the orbe, or cuppe, descending about all the head of the thigh, above the necke thereof; the other thicke and round, descending from the second cavity of the Cotyle it selfe, which is exten∣ded, even to the common hole at the top of the head thereof.

Besides, under this head, that bone hath two processes, the one great and thicke, * 1.7 the other little and short.

The greater seated in the hinde part, is called the great Trochanter; the lesser situate in the inner part, is named the little Trochanter.

But you must note, that the great Trochanter, on the higher and hinde part there∣of, which lookes towards the head of this bone, makes a certaine small sinus or bo∣some, into which the twin muscles and others, whereof we shall hereafter speake, are implanted; we must also consider the multitude of holes encompassing this necke, betweene the head and the two Trochanters, which yeeld a passage to the * 1.8 vessels, that is, the veines, arteries, and nerves, into the marrow of the bone it selfe, whence the marrow it selfe becomes partaker of sense, especially on that part which is covered with a coate, and the bone lives and is nou∣rished.

The other Appendix of the thigh, that is, the lower, is the greatest and thickest, rising, as it were with two heads, which are devided by two cavities, the one su∣perficiarie and on the fore side, whereby it receives the whirle-bone of the knee; the other deepe, and on the backe part, by which it receives the gristlely and as it were bony ligaments, proceeding from the eminencie which is seene betweene the two cavities of the upprer, appendix of the bone of the legge, which Hippocrates, lib. de fracturis, calls in his tongue Dia∣physis.

Notes

• * 1.1

  Of how many bones the Ossa Ilium consist. What the Os Ilium strictly taken is.
• * 1.2

  What theline, lippe, brow, and rib, of the Os Ilium are.
• * 1.3

  The Os Ischi∣um, or huckle-bone.
• * 1.4

  The Os pubis, or share-bone.
• * 1.5

  The descript of the thigh-bone.
• * 1.6

  The two ap∣pendices of the thigh-bone.
• * 1.7

  The two pro∣cesses of the thigh-bone make the two Trochanters.
• * 1.8

  Whence the marrow be∣comes parta∣ker of sense.