The workes of that famous chirurgion Ambrose Parey translated out of Latine and compared with the French. by Th: Johnson

CHAP. XVII. Of the Muscles of the Necke.

THe Muscles of the necke as well proper as common, are in num∣ber * 1.1 twenty, or else twenty two, that is, ten, or eleven on each side; of which seven only move the head, or the first vertebra with the head; the other 3 or 4, the necke it self. Of the 7 which move the head, & with the head the first Vertebra, some extend & erect it, others bend and decline it, others move it obliquely, but all of them together in a successive motion move it circularly; and the like judgement may be of the Muscles of the Necke.

[illustration]

The fourth Figure of the Muscles. This Figure sheweth the cavities of the middle and lower bellies, the bowels being taken out, but most part of the bones and muscles remaining.

AB, The first musclebending the necke called Longus.

C C, The second bender of the necke called Scalenus.

D D D D, The outward in∣tercost all muscles.

E E E E, The inner interco∣stall muscles.

F F F, The second muscle of the chest called serratus maior.

G, The first muscle of the shoulder-blade called s••r∣ratus minor, separated from his originall.

H, The first muscle of the arme called Pectoralis, se¦parated from his originall.

I, The second muscle of the arme called Deltoides.

K, The bone of the arme without flesh.

L, The first muscle of the cubite called Biceps.

M, The second muscle of the cubit called Brachiaus.

N, The clavicle or coller-bone bent backward.

O, The first muscle of the chest called subclavius.

P, The upper processe of the shoulder-blade. Q, The first muscle of the head called

[illustration]

obliquus inferior. R, The second muscle of the head called Complexus. S, The fourth muscle of the shoulder blade called Levator. TV, The two bellies of the fourth muscle of the bone Hyois. X X, a a, The fist muscle of the backe whose originall is at a a. Y Y, b b, c c, The sixt muscle of the thigh called Psoae, whose originall is at c c, and ten∣don at b b. Z Z, The seaventh muscle of the thigh. d, the holy bone. o o o, the holes of the holy bone out of which the nerves doe issue. e, A portion of the fist muscle of the thigh arising from the share-bone. f, the share-bone bared. k, the ninth muscle of the thigh or the first circumactor.

[illustration]

The fifth Figure of the muscles in which some muscles of the head, Chest, arme, and shoulder-blade are described.

I, The processe of the shoulder-blade, cal∣led the top of the shoulder.

O, The fourth muscle of the arme or the greater round muscle, to which Fallopius his right muscle is adjoyned, which some call the lesser round muscle.

Q Q The sixt muscle of the arme or the upper blade-rider.

X, The second muscle of the shoulder-blade or the Levator or heaver.

Z, the second muscle of the chest or the greater Saw muscle.

Y, the fifth muscle of the chest or muscle cal∣led Sacrolumbus.

αβ, His place wherein he cleaveth fast to the longest muscle of the backe.

γγ, the Tendons of the muscle obliquely inserted into the ribs.

ΔΔ, the first paire of the muscles of the head or the Splinters.

Ch. 8. 9, their length whose beginning at 8 and insertion at 9.

10, 11. the sides of this muscle.

12, that distance where they depart one from the other.

13, the two muscles called Complexi, neare their insertion.

Φ, the second muscle of the backe or the Longest muscle.

Ω, the fourth muscle of the backe or the Semi-spinatus.

δ, the shoulder-blade bare.

p, A part of the transverse muscle of the Abdomen.

But before I can come to the description of their originall and insertion, I must admonish thee, that the 2 Muscles of the shoulder-blade must first be taken away by dissection; that is, the Trapezius, or Table-muscle, and the Rhomboides, or square-muscle; whose originall and insertion that we may the better demon∣strate, (or rather the action by which wee seeke that originall and insertion,) they must be pulled up, beginning at their insertion, which is at the shoulder-blade (as shall be shewed in the proper place) turning them up towards their originall, that is, to the Spine. Besides the lesse Rhomboides, the hinder, and upper (called also the Dentatu•• or toothed-muscle) must be raised from its originall, which is at the three lower Rack-bones of the Necke and the first of the backe, and turned up to its

insertion, which is at three spaces of the lower ribbs nigh to the hinde, and upper angle of the shoulder-blade, as shall be shewed in fit place hereafter. These muscles thus raised up, the 4 muscles which erect and extend the head must be taken away, and then those two which move it obliquely, and lastly one which bends, or de∣clines,

[illustration]

The sixth Figure of the muscles, shewing some of the muscles of the Head, Backe, Chest, Shoulder-blade and Arme.

A D, the second paire of the muscles of the head, or the two Complexi, the first part is at A D.

B C. the second part. E F, the third part rising up under G and inserted at F.

G, the fourth part of this muscle or the right muscle of the head according to Fallopius, which Vesalius made the 4. part of the 2.

G G, (Betwixt the ribs) the ex∣ternall Intercostall muscles.

L, the originall of the 2. muscle of the backe.

M, His tendons at the racke-bone of the necke.

The upper O the fourth muscle of the arme or the greater round muscle.

O O, the lower, the 6 muscle of the chest, or the Sacrolumbus hanging from his originall.

Q, the sixt muscle of the arme or the upper Bladerider in∣verted.

V, the third ligament of the joynt of the arme.

X, the fourth muscle of the shoulder-blade or the heaver.

Z, the second muscle of the Chest or the greater Saw-muscle.

〈◊〉〈◊〉, the 3. muscle of the necke called Transuersalis. π, the 4. muscle of the necke called Spinatus. Σ, the first muscle of the backe or the Square muscle. Φ, the 2. muscle of thebacke or the Longest, whose originall is at L and his tendons at the Vertebrae at M M. Ω, the fourth muscle of the backe called Spinatus. δ, the backe of the shoulder-blade flaied.

for thus anatomicall order requires. Yet if you thinke good, you may, not hurting the other, first of all cut away that which is called the Mastoides, which declines or bends the head. For these 4, which lift up and extend the head, the * 1.2 first from the figure of the Spleene is called the Splenius, it ascends from the 5. upper spines of the backe and the 4 lower of the necke, and is obliquely inserted at the backe part of the head and the mammillary processe, whence you may raise it towards its originall. The second by reason of its composure is called Com∣plexus; * 1.3 this passing from the third, fourth and fift transverse processe of the Backe and often from the first of the Necke, ascends directly to the backe part of the

head, incompassing the lower and side part of the necke, you may easily take it up; if you begin at the spine, and so goe forwards to the transverse processes and mammil∣lary processes of the nowle bone. This Complexus may be divided into two or three muscles, but that with some difficulty, by reason of its folded texture. The third and fourth, which be two of the eight little muscles, being foure on each side, doe ascend somewhat obliquely, the first truely from the whole side of the second Vertebra. The second from the whole side of the processe of the first Vertebra, which it hath in stead of a spine; they ascend to the backe part of the head just against the spine; these * 1.4 two muscles by the consent of all Anatomists are called right, or direct muscles, one∣ly moveing the head: these truely must not be pluckt from the places of their origi∣nall, nor insertion, but onely bound by a string put under them, that so they may be the more easily shewed. On each side follow two oblique muscles, one whereof

[illustration]

The seventh Figure of the muscles; shewing some muscles of the head and Chest, the Trapezius or Table-muscle being taken away: as also of the blade and arme.

A, The prominent part of the fourth muscle of the chest called Serratus po∣sticus superior.

Δ, the first muscle of the head called splenius.

E E, the insertion of the second muscle of the head called Complexus.

I, the coller bone bared.

M, the backpart of the se∣cond muscle of the arme called Deltois.

ζH, His backward origi∣nall.

θ, His implantation into the arme.

N N, the fourth muscle of the arme called Latissi∣mus.

s μ, His originall from the spines of the rack-bones and from the holy bone

〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. the connexiou of this muscle with the hanch-bone, which is led in the inside from μ to 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.

〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, the place where it lieth upon the lower angle of the Basis of the shoulder-blade.

O, the 4. muscle of the arme called Rotundus maior. e, some muscles of the backe doe here offer themselves. P, the fift muscle of the arme called Superscapularis Inferior. Q, the sixt muscle of the arme called Superscapularis Superior. S, the beginning of the third muscle of the arme called Latissimus. V, the third muscle of the blade called Rhomboides. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 X, His o∣riginall from the spines of the rackebones. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, His insertion into the basis of the shoulder-blade. χ, the fourth muscle of the blade called Levator. * A part of the ob∣lique descendent muscle of the Abdomen.

onely moves the head; the other primarily the first Vertebra, but secondarily, and by accident the head it selfe. For the first, contrary to the opinion of some, it arises from the transverse processe of the first-rack-bone, and then is inserted, above the insertion of the first right muscle, the which in like manner you must lift up, by some thing put underneath it, but not separate it. The other entring forth of the spine of the second Vertebra, is inserted at the processe of the first, contrary to the ori∣ginall of the precedent, although some thinke otherwise. It will be convenient in like manner onely, to lift up this with a string, and not plucke him from his place, that so you may see how all these make a perfect triangle. The action of this muscle is contrary to the action of the precedent, as the contrariety of its originall and in∣sertion shew.

[illustration]

The eight Figure of the muscles; especially of those of the Chest, Head, and Shoulder-blade, the Trapezius, Latissimus, and Rhomboides, being taken away.

A, The fourth muscle of the chest, or the upper and hinder Saw-muscle.

B, the 5 muscle of the chest, or the lower and hinder Saw-muscle.

a, b, A membranous beginning of the muscle of the Abdomen, descending obliquely downe from the spine of the backe.

C, the first muscle extending the Cubit at c, his originall is from the necke of the arme, and from the lower basis of the blade at d.

E, the originall of the fourth muscle of the bone hyois from the blade.

G G, the outward intercostall muscles.

I, the Clavicle or coller-bone bared.

N, the upper, the second muscle of the arme called Deltois, char. 4, 5, the beginning of this muscle.

N, the third muscle of the arme or the broad muscle separated.

O, the fourth muscle of the arme or the lower Super-Scapularis or bladerider.

1, 2, 3. Char. His originall at the basis of the shoulder-blade at 1 2, and his insertion into the joynt of the arme at 3. Q, the sixt muscle of the arme or the upper Super-Scapularis. X, the fourth muscle of the blade called Levator or the heaver. Z, the second muscle of the Chest or the greater Saw-muscle. 7, 7, Char. the ribs. 〈◊〉〈◊〉, the sixt muscle of the chest, or the muscle called Sacrolumbus. 〈◊〉〈◊〉, the first muscle of the head or the splinter. E E, the second muscle of the head or the insertion of the muscles called complexei. Φ, the second muscle of the backe or the longest muscle. Ω, the fourth muscle of the backe called Semispinatus.

Wherefore when the first oblique moves the head obliquely forwards, the se∣cond puls it packe by the first Vertebra, this with his associate of the other side, may * 1.5 be truly termed the proper muscles of the neck, because they belong to no other part; whereas it is contrary in other muscles. But we must note, that the head (according to Galens opinion) hath two motions, one directly forwards and backwards, as ap∣peares * 1.6 in beckning it forwards; and casting it backwards; the other circular.

The first in Galens opinion is performed by the first Vertebra moved upon the second; the second by the head moved upon the first Vertebra; for which he is reproved by the latter Anatomists, who teach that the head cannot be turned round or circularly upon the first Vertebra without putting it out of joynt.

For the last, which bends the head, it ascends from the upper and side part of the Sternon, and the next part of the clavicle, obliquely to the Apophysis

[illustration]

The ninth Figure of the muscles, shewing the muscles of the Head and Necke.

A B, the third paire of the Muscles of the head called Recti Maiores.

C, the Mammillary processe.

D, the transverse processe of the first rackebone.

E, the processe of the 2 rackebone of the necke.

F G, the fourth paire of muscles of the head called Recti Minores.

H I, the fift paire of muscles of the head called Obliqui Superiores.

K L, the sixt paire of muscles of the head called Obliqui Inferiores.

X, the fourth paire of muscles of the shoulder-blade.

Λ, the second muscle of the necke called Scalenus, which Falopius ma∣keth the eight muscle of the chest.

Π, the fourth muscle of the necke called spinatus.

Σ, the first muscle of the backe cal∣led Quadratus.

Φ, the second muscle of the backe called Longissimus.

a, the sinus or bosome of this muscle, whereby it giveth way unto the third muscle of the backe, called Sacer.

b, His Originall.

ψ, the third muscle of the backe cal∣led Sacer. γ, His Originall. δ, His end. Ω, the fourth muscle of the backe called Semispinatus. 〈◊〉〈◊〉, His upper end under the fourth muscle of the necke.

Mastoides or mammillary processe of the hinde part of the head, whence it is called the Mastoideus. You may divide this by reason of its manifold originall rather into two, than into three muscles. But it had beene better that the head might have * 1.7 beene moved every way, equally backwards and to the right and left sides; but thus it would often have beene strained to our great dammage and danger of life; neither could there have beene such facility of motion without a loosensse of the joynt. Therefore nature had rather bestow upon the head an harmelesse facultie of fewer motions, than one furnished with more variety, but with a great deale more uncertainty and danger. Wherefore it hath made this juncture not laxe or loose, but stiffe and strong.

After the shewing of these muscles, we must come to three or foure of the necke, ••f which number two (which some reduce to one) extends, another bends, and the •…•…st moves side wayes, and all of them with a motion succeeding each other turne it •…•…bout, as we said of the muscles of the head. The first of these which extend, taking •…•…s originall from the sixe transverse processes of the sixe upper racke-bones of the •…•…acke, or rather from the root of the oblique, ascends directly to the spine of the se∣cond Vertebra of the necke, and the oblique processe thereof; some call it the Trans∣•…•…versarius; * 1.8 that is, the transverse-muscle. This, if you desire to take it away, it is best first to separate it from the spine, then to turne it upwards to the transverse processes; ••nlesse you had rather draw it a little from its partner and companion in that place where their originals are distinct, seeing it is the last and next to the bones.

Marvell not, if you finde not this distinction of their originall, so plaine and ma∣nifest, for it is commonly obscure. For the muscle Spinatus, as it most commonly comes to passe, arising from the roots of the seven upper spines of the backe, and the * 1.9 last of the necke, is inserted into other spines of the necke, so that it might easily be confounded with the former by Galen. The third bends the necke, and arising within from the body of the five upper Vertebrae of the back (though with a very obscure ori∣ginall, specially in leane bodies) it ascends under the gullet alongst the necke, even to the nowle-bone, into whose inner part it is obscurely inserted. Wherefore it is likely that it helpes not onely to bend the necke, but also the head. This muscle is made of oblique fibers proceeding from the body of the vertebrae, all the way it passes to the transverse processes of the other Vertebra. But it seemes with its copartner which is opposite to it, to make a certaine hollow path upon the bodies of the Vertebrae, to the * 1.10 gullet, and it is called the long muscle. The fourth and last, which we said moves the necke to one side, is called Scalenus from the figure thereof; it ascends from the hinder and upper part of the first rib of the Chest, inserting its selfe into all the trans∣verse * 1.11 processes of the necke by its fibers, which as it were for the same purpose, it hath sufficiently long, that it may fasten it selfe from the furthest or lowest processe of the necke into the first or highest thereof. The passage of the nerves through this to the arme makes this muscle seeme double or divided into two. For the veines and arteries pertaining to the necke, they have beene declared in the proper Chapters of the distributions of the vessels; it remaines that you note, all these muscles receive nerves from the Vertebrae whence they arise.

Notes

• * 1.1

  Their number
• * 1.2

  The Splenius.
• * 1.3

  The Complex∣us.
• * 1.4

  The Recti or 〈◊〉〈◊〉 right mus∣cles.
• * 1.5

  Which may be truly called the proper muscle of the necke.
• * 1.6

  The two mo∣tions of the head.
• * 1.7

  The Mastoi∣deus,
• * 1.8

  The Trans∣versa•…•…
• * 1.9

  The Spinatus,
• * 1.10

  The L•…•…
• * 1.11

  The Scalenus