The workes of that famous chirurgion Ambrose Parey translated out of Latine and compared with the French. by Th: Johnson

CHAP. IX. Of the Muscles of the lower Iaw.

WE have said these muscles are five in number, that is, foure vvhich shut it, and one which opens it, and these are alike on both sides. The first * 1.1 and greater of these foure muscles vvhich shut the Iavv is called Crotophita or Temporall muscle, it arises from the sides of the forehead and Bregms * 1.2 bones, and adhering to the same and the stony bone, it descends under the yoak-bone, from vvhence it inserts it selfe to the processe of the lovver Iavv vvhich the Greeks call Corone, that it may dravv it directly to the upper, so to shut the mouth.

But you must note, that this muscle is tendinous even to his belly, and that it fils and makes both the temples. It is more subject to deadly wounds than the rest by * 1.3 reason of the multitude of nerves dispersed over the substance thereof, which because they are nere their originall, that is, the brain••, they inferre danger of suddaine death by a convulsion which usually follows the affects of this muscle; but also in like manner it causes a fever, the Phrenzy and Coma.

[illustration]

The Figure of the chiefe muscles of the Face.

A. The muscle of the forehead and the right fibers thereof.

B. The Temporall muscle.

α. β. γ. his semicircular originall.

D. The muscle of the upper lip.

G. The yoake-bone unaer which the temporall muscles passe.

I. The Masseter, or Grinding Muscle.

K. The upper gristle of the nose.

M. A muscle forming the cheekes.

N. The muscle of the lower lip.

O. A part of the Fifth muscle of the lower Iaw called Digastricus, that is, double bellied.

Q. R. The first muscle of the bone Hyoides growing unto the rough Artery.

S. The second muscle of the bone Hyoides vnder the Chin.

T. The third muscle of the bone Hyoides stretched to the law.

T. K. the seveneth muscle of the head and his insertion at T.

V. V. The two venters of the fourth muscle of the hone Hyoides.

φ. The place where the vessells passe which go to the head, and the nerves which are sent to the Arme.

Therefore that it should be lesse subject or obvious to externall injuryes, Nature hath, as it were, made it a retiring place in the bone, and fortified it with a wall of bone raised somewhat higher about it. The other Muscle almost equall to the former in bignes, being called the Masseter, or grinding muscle, makes the Cheeke, * 1.4 it descends from the lowest part of the greatest bone of the orbe (which bends it selfe as it were back, that it may make part of the yoake bone) and inserts it selfe into the lower Iaw, from the corner thereof to the end of the root of the processe Corone, that so it may draw this Iaw forward and backward, and move it like a hand-mill.

Wherefore nature hath composed it of two sorts of fibers, of the which some from the neeke (the cheek in that place under the eyes standing somewhat out like an aple arising from the concourse of the greater bones of the orbe and upper jaw) descend obliquely to the corner and hinder part of the lower jaw, that it may move it for∣wards. Othersome arise from the lower part of the same yoak-bone, and descending obliquely intersect the former fibers after the similitude of the letter X, and insert

themselves into the same lower jaw at the roots of the processe Corone, that so they may draw it back. Truely by reason of these contrary motions it is likely this mus∣cle was called the Masseter or grinder.

The third, which is the round Muscle, arises from all the Gums of the upper jaw, * 1.5 and is inserted into all the gummes of the lower, investing the sides of all the mouth with the coate, with which it is covered on the inside, being otherwise covered on the outside with more fat than any other muscle. The action thereof is, not onely to draw the lower Iaw to the upper, but also as with a Shovell to bring the meat disper∣sed over all the mouth under the teeth, no otherwise then the tongue drawes it in. * 1.6

The fourth being shorter and lesse than the rest arising from all the hollownes of the winged processe of the Wedge-bone, is inserted within into the broadest part of the lower Iaw, that so in like manner it may draw the same to the upper. This is the muscle through whose occasion, we said this lower iaw is sometimes dislocated.

The fifth and last muscle of the lower jaw from the processe styloides of the stony * 1.7 bone, ascends to the forepart of the Chin, nere to the connexion of the two bones of this Iaw, to draw this Iaw downewards from the upper in opening the mouth. This muscle is slender and Tendinous in the midst, that so it might be the stronger, but it is fleshy at the ends. All these Muscles were made by the singular providence of na∣ture * 1.8 and ingrafted into this part for the performance of many uses and actions, as biting asunder, chawing, grinding and severing the meat into small particles, which the tongue by a various and harmelesse motion puts under the teeth. Thus much I thought good to say of the parts of the face, as well containing as contained.

[illustration]

The Figure of the Muscles of the lower Iaw.

A. A hole in the forehead bone in the brimme of the seate of the eye, sending a small nerve of the third paire to the muscles of the fore-head and the upper eye-brow.

B. The Temporall muscle.

Notes

• * 1.1

  Their number
• * 1.2

  The Tem∣porall Muscle.
• * 1.3

  Why the wounds of the temporall Mulcle are deadly.
• * 1.4

  The Masseter, or gri••ding muscle.
• * 1.5

  The round muscle.
• * 1.6

  The lesser muscle of the lower law.
• * 1.7

  The fift and last muscle.
• * 1.8

  Theuse of these mentio∣ned muscles.